AUSTRALIAN NATIVE SOCIETY

CANBERRA REGION (INC)

Journal Vol. 20 No. 1 September 2019 ISN 1447-1507 Print Post Approved PP100000849 Contents Some Thoughts on Garden Design Ben and Ros Walcott 1 Some Thoughts on Opinion Piece: Do Wattle Deceive Potential Insect Pollinators Roger Farrow 11 Mea Culpa Roger Farrow 13 Garden Design Overview of the ANPS Canberra Website Layout Ian Tranter 14 Researching ANPS History David Herald 16 Colourful Kangaroo Paws for Canberra Masumi Robertson 18 Text and photos by Ben and Ros Walcott visit lots of gardens and learn what Climbing Mount Jerrabomberra Bill Willis 24 pleases you and what doesn’t. Notes from the North, Monocarpy and 's any people are nervous about the Largest Palm Roger Farrow 28 Mconcept of garden design because Over the past 40 or so years, we have it seems so formal and organised. Winter on the Wanniassa Hills Brigitta Wimmer 30 been lucky to visit gardens in many However, when planting plants in your National Wildflower Conference 34 parts of the world, USA, Australia, UK, garden, you do decide what to put France, Spain, Portugal and Morocco, Wednesday Walkers visit Frogmore Cemetery 35 where and that is, in fact, garden design. and have looked at both public and A Little Learning about the Cut- Trade Janet Russell 36 Our belief is that you should design private gardens in all these places. White Cedar is a Rare Bird Gregory Moore 38 your garden to please you, to give you These gardens have ranged from the Study Group Notes Brigitta Wimmer 41 a sense of satisfaction and pleasure. It very formal to the informal and from the Container Study Group New Leaders Ben and Ros Walcott 42 is very much a personal expression of large to the small. This experience has ANPS Canberra contacts and membership details inside back cover yourself. The problem is how do you clarified in our minds what we want to Cover: covenyi, ANBG; Photo: Ben Walcott know what you like? The answer is to achieve in our garden.

Journal articles This section of The Journal is a forum for the exchange of members' the Chateau and others' views and experiences of gardening with, The deadline dates for submissions are 1 February (for Villandry propagating and conserving Australian plants. March edition), 1 May (June), 1 August (September) garden in All contributions, however short, are welcome and and 1 November (December). France is an extreme may be accompanied by photographs or drawings. Send articles or photos to: The editor reserves the right without exception to edit example of Journal Editor all articles and include or omit images as appropriate. formal design Gail Ritchie Knight created to Submit photographs as electronic files, such as JPEGs. e-mail: [email protected] impress the Set your digital camera to take high resolution photos. tel: 0416 097 500 visitor and Please send JPEGs separately and not embedded in a Paid advertising is available in this Journal. Contact show how document. If photos are too large to email, copy onto a the Editor for details. powerful (and CD or USB drive and send it by post. Contact the editor for postage details. Please enclose a stamped, self-addressed Society website: http://nativeplants-canberra.asn.au rich) the owner envelope if you would like your prints returned. If you Printed by Elect Printing, Fyshwick, ACT is. On the have any queries please contact the editor. http://www.electprinting.com.au/ Chateau Villandry in the Loire Valley, France lower terrace, the box hedges enclose

Original text may be reprinted, unless otherwise indicated, provided an acknowledgement for the source is given. Permission to decorative vegetable displays, not a reprint non-original material and all drawings must be obtained from the copyright holder. The views and opinions expressed typical vegetable garden! in articles are those of the authors and are not necessarily the views and opinions of the Society. Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 1 most of his garden beds are exuberant, colourful, dense and quite informal. In contrast, he also created a native meadow which contains both grasses and native flowering plants, including orchids. In the this very informal meadow he placed very formal topiary structures that contrast with The Sun Garden, Chateau Villandry the naturalness of the surrounds. The Sun Garden on the other side of Very interesting! the Chateau Villandry garden while still formal with small hedged edges to the paths that radiate out from the fountain, is smaller and much less formal, with dense plantings within the garden beds. We find this Massed planting at Green garden in Hobart sort of garden more pleasing to us than the very formal structure of the other garden.

Native meadow at Great Dixter

The Green family in Hobart started a native garden eight years ago on a sloping block. Their garden is densely planted with shrubs in places and lower ground covers in other parts. It is quite informal in style although each seems to Mixed garden bed at Great Dixter have its own space. Christopher Lloyd, who died quite This garden shows how quickly a recently, created a remarkable native garden can grow to make a garden in the southeast of England. statement. It also demonstrates how He massed all sorts of plants, both plants can be maintained with each in the ground and in pots, to create plant keeping its characteristic form. a remarkable variety of colours It will be interesting to see what this and leaf shapes. His plantings in garden looks like in ten years. Border at Green garden

2 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 3 Horse Island near Tuross NSW is a very In 2001, we purchased 10 Wickham Our basic design principles included the different native garden. This garden is Crescent in Red Hill. This 9,300 square following: expansive (80 hectares) with large areas metre property was owned by a of lawn and very formal garden beds. developer who wanted to build 30 •• the garden would contain mostly units on it but there was considerable plants native to Australia objection from the neighbours and the •• there would be little, if any, lawn. development was never approved. Open spaces would be native meadow •• the garden would be attractive to birds and other wildlife Grevillea garden at Horse Island •• plant foliage and shape would be and planted by Peter Olde. The plants more important than flowers, even are very variable in foliage texture and though flowers were needed to Horse Island garden with Grevillea garden flower colour which provides great attract many of the nectar feeding The photo above on the left shows a interest year round. While a formal birds view across to the Grevillea garden garden bed, it does have a certain •• we would attempt to retain all shaped like a eucalypt leaf designed informality about it. rainwater on the property for use in the garden Walcott garden before development •• there should be some open water in the garden to attract wildlife A major appeal of the property was its undeveloped nature and the fact that •• we did not want a series of enclosed there were few constraints about the garden rooms, rather different areas design of the garden. It was a blank that flowed into each other canvas. •• there would be more emphasis on There were a number of Cypress trees the natural rather than the formal in that had been planted when the the garden design, including wide property was first developed in the late paths in curved shapes 1920s and Pinus radiata were planted •• while most native plants require all around the perimeter by one of the trimming, they should only be early tenants. trimmed to enhance their natural The street boundary of the property shape, not to create formal shapes was lined by a large weed infested These ideas were derived from our Cotoneaster hedge. The majority of the feelings about all the varied gardens property was just mown grass and weed we had seen and what we found Water feature at Horse Island with occasional tufts of Pampas Grass attractive in them. Working with and Oleander clumps. In contrast, in another part of the vertical elements of Gymea lilies. The landscape designer Helen Cohen and garden, the look is very formal with Melaleucas are so clipped that they The question was what sort of a garden house architect Wal Kostyrko of SKCM a water feature edged by a border almost never flower so that the effect is did we want to create? We came up with Architects, we developed an integrated of clipped Melaleuca hypericifolia a year round one of texture and form. a set of ideas that ultimately determined plan for both the new house and with Grevilleas above them and the the nature of the garden. garden.

4 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 5 In 2002–3 the The lower pond, Cotoneaster hedge made from the clay was removed as on site, is now edged were all the other by native rushes weeds and the old and sedges and house. As shown in contains fish to eat the photo on the the algae. Herons, right, the hedge Kookaburras and was planted with Cormorants come to Callistemon salignus eat the fish and all is and a pond system in balance. The trees created. have grown and the plantings along the At that time, upper edges of the rainwater tanks pond have matured. were illegal in the ACT and so all The lower pond Walcott garden in 2002–3 just after planting runoff water from Many of the seen in the distance across the pond have now gone and are the house and hardscape areas was directed into this pond system. A bore was dug replaced. This is the natural evolution of a garden, particularly a native garden, and used to supplement the water in the pond system. The property is irrigated where some plants have a relatively short life span. Also as microclimates are and the water is drawn from the pond system and so is a mixture of rain water created, it allows the planting of other plants more suited to those conditions. and bore water. Near the house, garden beds were created with tree ferns and an underplanting of ferns. The grass on the right of the photo is a parking area.

The Stamp with picture in 2012 The view of the stamp picture in 2016 House and garden in 2017 House and garden in 2002–3 In 2013, our garden was featured on which are just visible in 2012. This is a a stamp (above) with a photo taken wonderful foliage plant with green/grey The photograph on the right taken in The parking lawn on the right has in 2012. The photo on the right is the foliage which is tough and looks good 2017 shows what can happen in 15 been replaced by a garden bed. This same view in 2016, a mere four years all year. On the right edge is a standard years. The Tree Ferns are still there but illustrates how gardens change over later showing the rapid growth of native of Grevillea ‘Royal Mantle’ which forms a the underplanting is now Grevillea time. New plants become available and plants. dark green contrast. ‘Lady O’ and we have planted a tree, new opportunities allow new plantings Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘Rosea’, to provide and new ideas. In the foreground are several plants protection from the sun. of Olearia lanuginosa ‘Ghost Town’

6 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 7 Meadow in 2012 with Ammobium Garden bed in 2019

In this photo (above) is the meadow in 2012 which was originally planted with created to traverse the area. Within native grasses, forbs and Ammobium alatum. The meadow became dominated by each bed, paths were created of organic Ammobium and was infested with weed species. It was difficult to maintain without mulch which contrast with the gravel radical treatment such as burning which was not an option in the centre of Canberra. mulch used on the majority of the bed.

We had to remove the last In 2019 (see photo above) you can of the Pinus radiata on the see the growth of the plantings which other side of the garden, include Eremophila ‘Fruit Salad’, Acacia which meant driving a glaucoptera, Chrysocephalums and 200 tonne crane through Eucalyptus stricta (the mallee on the meadow causing the right) around the pre-existing Destruction by exotic pine destruction. Therefore, we Eucalyptus sideroxylon. The concept is to decided to remove the grow plants about one metre in height. The falling tree destroyed many of the meadow and replace it with Every now and then, Nature intervenes in plants in this area including a large garden beds among the a garden and presents the gardener with Casuarina cuninghamiana. We removed trees. a challenge. In 2016, the last of the Pinus all the pieces of the fallen tree and the radiatas blew down in the night and other destroyed plants to clear the area. In 2014, the topsoil was After some thought, we replanted the smashed a whole section of the garden. removed and replaced hedge and added some new plants (see photo right) with a This area of the garden was thickly including an Araucaria bidwillii and sandy topsoil and paths planted with Callistemons and the front a row of Correa alba in front of the of crushed granite were Meadow being made into garden beds hedge had grown to three metres high. callistemon hedge.

8 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 9 Opinion Piece

Do wattle flowers deceive potential insect pollinators? Reconstruction in 2019 In 2019, one Callistemon salignus so they get moved or removed. This remains from the old hedge (middle presents an opportunity to try new of the photo) and the Correas have things and to take advantage of new Text and photos by Roger Farrow of colour, scent and nectar to attract insect visitors has been a major grown well in front. We have added plants. lowering plants have evolved trend found in all plant families. a number of grevilleas which are Australian garden plants have only Fa range of strategies to ensure mostly low growing changing the been widely available in nurseries cross-pollination that usually Most wattles produce an abundance character of this part of the garden for some 50 years or less. New involves insects to transport pollen of flowers often completely from a dense ‘jungle’ of plants to a ones are being discovered, created and represents a mutual exploitation obscuring the foliage that advertise more open accessible area. In time by hybridisation or selected from of resources. their presence to potential insect the hedge will grow and screen the pollinators. Those species of Acacia existing populations all the time. The plant provides pollen and/ space making it more private again. studied are obligatory out-crossers We don’t really know how well or nectar to attract the insect that and because their pollen grains are In conclusion, our garden is a living, many of them will grow particularly accidentally transfers pollen grains heavy, they are reliant on insect changing artwork. The variety of in our conditions. The only way to between flowers on the same plant visitors to transport pollen between shapes and textures that the garden find out is to try. Every garden is and on different plants of the same individual plants. presents are very pleasing to us but different because every gardener species. The insect receives food in it is never finished. Plants die or they has particular likes and dislikes. That the form of pollen, a protein source, Their petals and sepals are much grow too big (they didn’t read the is what makes visiting gardens so and/or nectar, an energy source. reduced and the bright yellow label) or they don’t grow well and interesting. Sacrificing pollen grains as a food, anthers (sometimes white and in rather than for reproduction, is a one case purple) are the main advert cost to the plant and the evolution to attract potential pollinators

10 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 11 although some species are also Honey bees are occasionally seen strongly scented. The flowers do not visiting Acacia flowers but I have produce nectar although extra- rarely seen them collecting pollen. floral nectaries are present on the Instead, they rush over the flowers phyllodes and petioles of both and I would suggest that they are pinnate and bipinnate species but searching for nectar and in doing are of uncertain function. so may transport pollen grains between plants. The paradox is that most Acacia species flower in late winter and My conclusion is that Acacias rely early spring or in the dry season in Trogoderma variabile on A. paradoxa at Mt Majura Sarothrocrepis civica on A. bormanii at Tilembeya. on pollen-feeding beetles to cross- the tropics, when insect activity is Note pollen grains trapped on body hairs A predator but covered in pollen grains. pollinate but also deceive the relatively low especially for potential introduced honeybee and possibly pollinators like bees. Furthermore, other nectar-feeding insects into they do not provide a resource visiting and transporting pollen. for nectar-seeking insects such as butterflies and moths, bee-flies, solitary wasps and social bees (including the introduced European honeybee). Even a cursory look at Acacia flower balls or spikes at peak pollen Mea Culpa production time rarely reveals any insect visitors at all, yet seed Roger Farrow Other local dioecious plants include production is usually very abundant, hop bushes, in the genus Dodonea, Peltoschema mansueta on A. aureocrinita at n the April edition of this journal, I indicating successful cross- Tilembeya. Shiny body does not trap many pollen mountain pepper, Tasmannia sp, incorrectly described Adriana as a pollination. So what is happening? grains. I and early Nancy, Wurmbea dioica, monoecious plant with its separate Closer inspections usually reveal the among others. Dioecious plants male and female plants, each presence of scattered small beetles are often wind pollinated and their from a range of families feeding on bearing different male and female male flowers often produce an pollen in the flowers but even these flowers, respectively. abundance of pollen. are never abundant. It is, of course, a dioecious plant, Most flowering plants are The presence of pollen grains as I later found out when I checked monoecious and bear bisexual trapped on the body hairs of my trusty dictionary of biology. By flowers containing both male stamens and female pistils, but some species suggest they could then the journal had already been transport pollen between flowers some have separate male and printed. Masumi Robertson was the and individual plants, as all are female flowers on the same plant good fliers. Predacious beetles are only member to point out my error such as most curcurbits, kurrajongs Neocistela ovalis on Acacia sp. at ANBG. and added that the word dioecious also found in the flowers and may Note protruding mouthparts (prognathous) Brachychiton spp, and casuarinas, transport pollen. adapted for pollen feeding. means two houses. among others. 12 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 13 Plant Profiles — we would welcome your password. If you have forgotten the lots of members creating a page on one password you can ask it to email you a of their favourite plants, or on one of the new one. Partners and family members iconic native plants. can use the email and password of the Overview of the ANPS financial member. We are also going to add in a category for Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) A list of topics is given on the left: Canberra website layout to help members of the public in the Account Details — allows you to lead up to the plant sale and post-sale change you name, email and password planting. So if you can think of some common questions that come up at the Orders — lets you know what type of Ian Tranter for ANPS Council The main Menu contains: sale then send them, with or without membership you paid for your answers, to the web team. ANPS Website — https:// Home About Us ANPS Council Addresses — lets you check and alter nativeplantscbr.com.au Plant Guides Memberships Our Policies The Publications link takes you to a your address details menu with categories of Hi folks — just a bit of an overview Events Publications Conservation Journals — Gail is in the process of of the website layout. There are two Book Brochures putting up lots of the ANPS back issues. And the latest issue will generally go up main parts — the public site and the Most of these are single overview pages Conservation about the time it is posted out. members’ area. with some links. Journals — this has a sample for the Many other Branches are moving to Plant Guides links to a further menu for public send their Journals to other Branches short articles and photos abouWt native Wednesday Walks reports — about electronically. So rather than only a plants to help and inspire the public. 380 of these handful of hard copies being available This is slowly being populated with at the meetings, membership of one content and your contributions would Members Area Branch should eventually give you be appreciated (send to the web team The link to the Members Area will ask access to the journals of every branch of at [email protected] for your user name or email address and the society. Public site and we will put it up). At the moment the categories are: The Home page has a bar across the top Plant Guides with a link to the members’ area on the left and to details about the plant sales Garden Design on the right. Growing Plants Canberra Soils and Climate Directly under this bar the main Menu is to the left and on the right Events Growing Plants in Canberra (just the sale and monthly meetings), Local Plants Membership link, and a Contact form. Pomaderris Scrolling down the page further gives Where to See links to some of the recent posts, to Obtaining Plants Plant Guides articles, Events and then Plant Related a left-right scroll bar with an overview of the various ANPS activities, and lastly a link to the ANPS plant database.

14 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 15 At the moment we have these for NSW, in a location over all of the visits For anyone interested in historical https://web.archive.org/ Tas, Vic and WA. Please note that these by Wednesday Walkers to that site. investigations, there is a very useful web/20020803205100/http:// are a benefit of membership and website called the WayBackMachine Grasses and sedges — coming nativeplants-canberra.asn.au/ should not be copied or circulated to (https://archive.org/web/). It is an There you can read about what ANPS non-members. Identification and Keys — internet archive that contains over was doing in July 2002 including, for coming 371 billion web pages saved over Minutes — Council minutes will example, a list of Council members, time. To quote from its website: generally go up when they are Annual walk lists the Constitution as then in force, confirmed and finalised (generally at Plant Sale The Internet Archive … is building field trips, weed swap etc. the next meeting) and we will put up a digital library of Internet sites Similarly you can select versions of as many previous ones as we can find. Database and other cultural artefacts the website at later dates and see in digital form. Like a paper Members Resources — we have Monthly meetings what was happening then. You can library, we provide free access to created this space for any documents also track how the ANPS website has Website — we’ll put up overviews researchers, historians, scholars, or information that is of use to like this and lists of topics and FAQs the print disabled and the general evolved over time. members. It can be permanent or suggested, in case you would like to public. Our mission is to provide It looks like there is useful temporary. For the groups we will share some of your expertise. Universal Access to All Knowledge. information on past versions of try to get up the annual schedule of Member Events — not yet the ANPS website that has not activities and any useful forms and We began in 1996 by archiving the populated, but we aim to put up been migrated to later versions. checklists. If you have anything you Internet itself, a medium that was each group’s schedules for the year. For example, the 13th October would like put up then send it to the just beginning to grow in use. Like 2009 version of the website has web team if you have it, or ask us to So let us know (webmaster@ newspapers, the content published a relatively long piece by Geoff track it down if you don’t. nativeplantscbr.com.au) what else on the web was ephemeral — but you would like up on the website, unlike newspapers, no one was Clarke under the heading Buying ANPS — this is for general society, FAQs you have come across, and saving it. Today we have 20+ years Australian Plants — A Consumers Council or admin stuff suggestions for who has the of web history accessible through Guide (https://web.archive.org/ web/20091013162632/http:// DAGs / Garden Design expertise to answer them. the Wayback Machine and we work with 625+ library and other partners nativeplants-canberra.asn.au/buy_ There is a huge amount of Propagation Group through our Archive-It program to plants.htm). knowledge and experience in ANPS. Wednesday Walks identify important web pages. Let’s share it with the public and Writing articles like this would have Composite Plant Lists— these help inspire them with our love of The current ANPS website (http:// taken considerable effort. It would pull together all the species found native plants. nativeplantscbr.com.au) has already be nice to think someone might find been archived 11 times since Feb 10 the time to review past versions of this year. However previous versions the website, to identify material that of the ANPS website (accessible should be resurrected onto our new Researching ANPS History using the old address of http:// website. nativeplants-canberra.asn.au) have Ed: Whilst reading old articles can By Dave Herald been archived over 200 times since be fascinating, they may not reflect rd ver been interested in president (or whoever) 10 years 3 August 2002. By way of example, current views eg that a smaller plant Etracking down issues in ANPS ago; what activities was ANPS you can view the first ever ANPS in a smaller pot is better. This is not from past years? Eg who was the undertaking 15 years ago? website by going to: necessarily everyone’s experience.

16 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 17 well every year, and none died. We dug up and moved the plants in Colourful Kangaroo Paws pots when we moved house so that we could continue to enjoy them. for Canberra Eastern spinebills love the flowers, and we enjoy watching the little birds feeding. The seeds germinated well, I had lots of plants, potted up onto many Anigozanthos flavidus pots, and waited and waited for the The former Society for Growing colourful flowers. It took two years Australian Plants (SGAP) book, Text and Photos by Masumi Robertson for the plants to start to flower and Australian plants for Canberra were mostly dull yellow-green. oming from the Northern gardens and other cool climate areas Chemisphere, Australian native (third edition) said the most reliable The specific epithet, ’flavidus’ means plants looked nothing like what kangaroo paw in Canberra was yellow, but the wild-type A. flavidus we were familiar with. The flowers Anigozanthos flavidus. But nurseries flowers are not clear yellow. The looked different, many without did not sell this species, and when flower tips are dusty black, making petals, the normally showy part found, they were a dull yellow-green the flowers look dull. Later on the of flowers, but they had colourful colour, not the colourful plants seen smaller, less vigorous plants started stamens, or petals in odd shapes. at the ANBG. There was nothing at to flower and some of these showed the SGAP plant sales, either. The hints of red. That was 30 years ago. Among these The overall colour of A. flavidus availability of Australian native were kangaroo paws. I saw them As more plants flowered over the flowers, similar to other kangaroo plants was very limited back then. in the Phytotron at CSIRO, where next several years, I had a selection paws (Ben-Tal & King, 1997), is some research was being carried I was able to buy a packet of of lemon, lime, red, orange, rose determined by the colour of the out looking at ink spot disease and A. flavidus seeds at the ANBG and pale pink coloured kangaroo hairs on the perianth. The perianth, flower colours. And by spring, the bookshop for $1.50! The pictures paws. They were selected from the tubular finger part of A. flavidus, Australian National Botanic Gardens on the packet looked promising, hundreds of plants, but at least I had is green for all colour forms. So (ANBG) had beds of paws flowering. promoting ‘yellow, orange, red, pink’. them. And as the book said, they the inside of the open part of the How wonderful! Perfect! are reliable in our garden, flowering flowers where the stamens are

18 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 19 showing without the hairs is green. In contrast, many of the seeder six forms are listed here from the Lime A bright orange of stamens contrast species, such as A. humilis and hardiest to the least in terms of cold Another robust tall plant with wonderfully against this green. The A. manglesii, and their hybrids, such tolerance. flower stems to 1.3 metres high. The outside of the perianth is covered as the Bush Gem series and many flowers appear lime green probably with thick colourful hairs and I smaller hybrids released in recent because the density of the hair is selected plants with colourful hairs! years, are generally short lived. So if low, allowing the background green your compact kangaroo paws died colour of the perianth to be most even under extra care in pots, that is visible. because of their life cycle. Along with the lemon-flowered One of the most commonly asked form, these two are the most cold questions about kangaroo paws tolerant; they recover best in spring is their frost tolerance and how and flower even after exposed to well they survive Canberra winters. a moderate degree of frosts. They A. flavidus can survive Canberra Anigozanthos flavidus lemon provide contrasting colour when frost, in the garden. All of my plants grouped with the other four warmer were grown in the ground for many Lemon flower colours. years, survived the Canberra frost This robust tall, up to 1.3 metres and recovered. high with flowers, form has clear lemon-yellow coloured flowers. There are 11 species of But if you are after the flowers, The tips of the perianth are free Anigozanthos, which are classified it is best to give the plants some from dark coloured hairs. The broad sort of frost protection to produce into two types in terms of life cycle: strappy leaves are evergreen, as the maximum number of flower seeders and sprouters (Hopper, for the species and all other colour stems. Plant them in your special 1993). Both are strategies to survive forms. A. flavidus does not suffer microclimate warm spot, in raised fires, frequent in the south-west of from ink-spot disease and minor leaf beds on a slope so that the cold air Western Australia. discolouration at the end of winter is flows away from the plant, and/or just cold damage. Seeders regenerate from seeds, give them some overhead cover. while sprouters regrow from This combined with regular feed and water during the growing months, rhizomes after fire. In addition, Anigozanthos flavidus red seeders are short lived and sprouters will put on a great show in October are long lived. A. flavidus, along with to February for many years. Yes, they Red love the heat and full sun. A. rufus and A. pulcherrimus, are The red flower group was the sprouters and long lived. Following are brief descriptions of most commonly found among the the six colour forms I selected all seedlings, varying in the degree of Our plants are now almost 30 years those years ago and have given old and they are still healthy and away and sold at our plant sales redness. Most plants were greenish- flowering well, indeed long lived. for 20 years. They all cope with the red, but a few plants were evenly Also taller hybrids with these three Canberra cold, but some colour Anigozanthos flavidus lime red. Plants grow to one metre high parents are long lived. forms cope better than others. The with flower stems.

20 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 21 affected the most by Canberra cold; the evergreen tops can be killed back by severe frosts. Plants do re- sprout from the rhizomes, but no flowers. Growing to 0.8 m high with flower stems, the soft rose colour is worth the effort of extra care in terms of frost protection. During

Anigozanthos flavidus orange summer, it loves the heat just like other colour forms. Orange years for the variegation to stabilise, The bright orange flowers of this suggesting that the white streaks colour form are eye catching and may be caused by transposable striking. Growing to one metre elements. Eventually the variegation high with flower stems, it is a very became stable and has been so showy form. This one and the next for at least 15 years. As with any two colour forms were not common variegated plant, it is an interesting among the seedlings. Overall they foliage plant when not in flower. have narrower leaves. Red and Otherwise, the plant is the same as orange forms are intermediate in the lime. terms of cold tolerance. Anigozanthos flavidus pale pink So have a go. They are colourful Pale pink long-lasting plants when not much The soft pale pink colour was not else is flowering in the summer heat. When grown against a north mentioned on the seed packet and wall, free from frosts, well fed and it is unusual among kangaroo paw watered, these vigorous plants will plants. The plant grows to a similar grow to almost two metres tall in size as the other warm colour forms, our heavy Canberra clay! to 0.7 m with flower stems. I try to Anigozanthos flavidus Hopper, SD. 1993 Kangaroo paws and give the best cold protection for the catspaws. A natural history and field guide. rose and pale pink forms, and they Department of Conservation and Land Anigozanthos flavidus rose recover well in spring and flower as Management Rose well as the other colour forms once Ben-Tal, Y and King, RW. 1997 Environmental the weather is warm-hot. factors involved in colouration of flowers The rose and pale pink forms are of Kangaroo Paw. Scientia Horticulturae the rarest. Only one plant each was Lime Variegated 72:35–48 identified among the seedlings. I I noticed that some shoots of the also noticed that the seed set of lime form plant were variegated, these flowers is very poor. They are a form of mutation. It took several

22 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 23 Rising to Jerrabomberra Heights we then walked below the large water tank to observe disjunct colonies Climbing Mount of Grevillea ramosossima ssp ramosissima. Jerrabomberra The dry crumbly soils and the stressed nature of many of the plants indicate they are doing it tough and the Mount Jerrabomberra colonies need to be reassessed and Grevillea ramosissima; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer a conservation strategy developed. these soils lack pedological After a delightful morning tea we differentiation except for some proceeded in a northerly direction weak horizon development in minor and Jo Walker showed us two landscape features.’ * Pomaderris andromedifolia ssp confusa. We noted that the grassy box woodland landscape of Mount We rejoined the main upward trail and noted a Cymbopogon refractus Jerrabomberra has many Eucalyptus in seeds. Some plants we observed polyanthemos ssp polyanthemos were: Acacia genistifolia (with and a less representative number Eucalyptus polyanthemos; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer flowers), A mearnsii, A penninervis, of E melliodora on the rare deeper Bill Willis the western side of the Mount along Hakea decurrens and Pomax soils. umbellata. he plants recorded in this report Jerrabomberra Hill Road off Halloran Several genera and species of are by no means a complete Drive to the summit along an easy T Poaceae including: Aristida list of plants observed by the incline on a broad well graded ramosa, Bothriochloa macra, Wednesday Walkers (WWers) but vehicular track. Poa labillardierei, P sieberiana, are plants that many walkers noted Early in the walk we discovered aside P? meionectes, Rytidosperma as plants of interest and plants that the road Grevillea ramosissima ssp carphoides, R erianthum, initiated walker discussion. ramosissima and Acacia pycnantha (once known as Acacia westonii). R pallidum, R racemosum ssp Mount Jerrabomberra is the set of A pycnantha is well represented at racemosum were observed along three hills to immediately east of lower levels below Jerrabombera the lower mountain road. Significant the NSW/ACT border and within Heights. numbers of Daviesia mimosoides, NSW. There are walks of varying Cassinia longifolia and We bypassed a steeper gravel trail inclination and walker difficulty to C quinquefaria were also present. Acacia genistifolia; Photo: Roger Farrow with bollards at its entrance and the summit of the Mount. opted for the steadier road climb. The listed parasitic dodder, Cassytha Surprisingly below the top water On the 3rd April 2019 the WWers Gravelly soils occur extensively on species, was identified by Jeanette tank is a water bubbler — with chose the walk commencing from Mount Jerrabomberra. ‘Generally, as Cassytha pubescens. bowls for pets.

24 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 25 As we approached the lookout some walkers climbed the stairs to the lookout. Walkers who continued on the trail observed colonies of Pomaderris betulina and, as the trail spirals upwards to the east and then to the south on the leeward side, in the damp rock crevices were the necklace fern Asplenium flabellifolium and Stellaria pungens. The trail turned to the Acacia ulicifolia; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer north towards the lookout and we passed numerous Lomandra longifolia plants and a small number of Calotis lappulacea.

Acacia ulicifolia; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer

Calotis lappulacea; Photo: Bill Willis After lunch at the lookout we returned by the same trail to the base of the mountain taking a gravel trail that passed through a large number of near prostrate Leptospermum multicaule. Many WWers had an enjoyable afternoon tea and post-walk debrief at the ‘old’ Jerrabomberra shops. View from the top; Photo: Bill Willis *Engineering geology of the Queanbeyan urban area, NSW. G. Briscoe and J.R. Kellett Acacia ulicifolia; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer

26 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 27 Notes from the North Monocarpy and Australia's Largest Palm

Text and photos by Roger Farrow Such a reproductive strategy is known as monocarpy and the plant ustralia’s largest palm, Corypha is monocarpic. This contrasts with utan, is found throughout A polycarpy in which perennial plants south-east Asia and extends flower and fruit, usually annually, into the Northern Territory and throughout their lifetime. Cape York where it is particularly abundant in Lakefield National Park I have been photographing a couple and is known here as the Kennedy of Coryphas growing on the Nifold 2014 Growing palm on right. Dead stem on left 2018 Fully grown palm palm. plain in Lakefield NP over a seven- year period to demonstrate this It grows along watercourses or reproductive strategy. In addition, Most Australian palms are polycarpic where there is some underground there are a couple of young palms in except for the fishtail palm, Caryota water and reproduces readily the vicinity that have not yet formed albertii, also from Cape York, that throughout the Park. Unlike other trunks. produces flowers along a stem native palms, it does not flower until that then dies. This is termed the end of its life when it produces hapaxanthic. an immense terminal I could not find any other examples containing up to a million flowers of monocarpic perennials in and producing many hundreds of Australia. Overseas, the giant thousands of seeds. Lobelias of East African Mountains, The fronds all drop off at this stage the Queen of the Andes, Puya raimondii, some Agaves and and the seeds rain down on the some bamboos are monocarpic. ground beneath. The palm then All annuals and biennials are dies. The seeds are scattered by monocarpic. flooding during the wet season and a new generation of plants will 2019 Same palm in fruit appear following the successful germination of a small proportion of seeds. 2013 Spent palm on left; Half-grown palm on right

28 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 29 Winter on the Wanniassa Hills

Cassinia longifolia; Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight Cryptandra sp Floriferous; Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight

contrasted with their grey-green foliage. The large open areas occupied by masses of Leucopogon attenuatus were as amazing as always. On closer inspection these low shrubs, densely packed with little bunches of white hairy flowers are truly Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight astounding.

Brigitta Wimmer polyanthemos, E melliodora, Interspersed were the Cryptandra Cryptandra sp Floriferous; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer sp Floriferous, both the pure white es, it was a cold start but our E bridgesiana, E nortonii and Ygroup of ten Wednesday Walkers others will hopefully contribute (WWers) was in good spirits. From to our botanical education. Some previous walks we know that the of the bare patches surprisingly Wanniassa Hills area contains showed quite exposed colonies of some of the most reliable patches Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia — of Leucopogons and Cryptandras slightly bedraggled but surviving flowering during winter. — and we easily found the one Everybody commented on the dry and only Persoonia rigida before conditions and the rocky ascent, morning tea. but the paucity of flowers made us Cassinia quinquefaria and Cryptandra sp Floriferous, photographers can't Leucopogon attenuatus; Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight resist; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer observe the general vegetation and particularly C longifolia were particularly the large trees that seem some of the other hardy shrubs to be holding up remarkably well. that amazed us with their robust- and the pink-white forms, and Our discussions about identifying looking greenery. Further uphill equally as interesting looking. But amara. Maybe we didn’t look hard the differences between Eucalyptus healthy looking Stypandra glauca we failed to see any Cryptandra enough?

30 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 31 Exocarpos cupressiformis; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer Acacia gunnii; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer As we climbed further we came Acacia gunnii and A ulicifolia brightened up our walk with their across a number of Solanum Made it to the trig; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer yellow baubles as well as a purple cinereum displaying long spiny Hovea heterophylla half hidden and thorns and many brown fruits that protected by a low Acacia ulicifolia. had ripened months previously. This small shrub is not to be confused with the taller S linearifolium which has no thorns. As we were nearing the hilltop and the trig we observed a stand of Dodonaea viscosa ssp angustissima in good shape, showing already their clusters of small round male flowers. Ray the lonely shepherd by Eucalyptus rossii; Polypore fungus Laetiporus portentosus on Photo: Brigitta Wimmer Eucalyptus rossii trunk; Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight Hovea heterophylla; Photo: Brigitta Wimmer We also took the opportunity to have a closer look at the panorama of hills and ranges spreading out beyond the suburbs towards Tidbinbilla, the Brindabellas and and….. In short, even though we may think it’s not a good time for a Wednesday Walk it usually turns out that there Dodonaea viscosa ssp angustissima; Lunchtime overlooking Fadden; are always interesting things to see Solanum cinereum; Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight Photo: Brigitta Wimmer Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight and talk about.

32 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 33 Albany is renowned for its ANPSA ‘Blooming Biodiversity’ 2019 spectacular coastline, pristine Conference Committee, Wildflower beaches and national parks, as well Society of Western Australia Inc National Wildflower as its rich history. ‘Huge Karri trees [email protected] grow up to 90 metres in the wettest Phone: (08) 9383 7979 — office opening hours: Tuesday and Thursday areas of the South West, while the Conference 10am–2.30pm Albany Pitcher Plant hides away in dense vegetation on the banks Committee Member: Margaret Albany, Western Australia of streams and swamps’ said Greg Matthews (ANPSA President-elect) — 0402 105 649 Sep–Oct 2019 Keighery. Full information and registration Committee Member: Geoff Corrick (WSWA President) — 0458 670 614 details can be found on the Conference website at: www. Blooming Biodiversity Conference The Wildflower eucologist Malcolm French, former bloomingbiodiversity.com.au Keynote Speaker: Greg Keighery — Society of Curator of Palaeontology at the WA 93814062 Contact information Western Museum Ken McNamara, historian Australia is Malcolm Traill and horticulturalist Greg Keighery is available for media hosting the Amanda Shade. interview by prior arrangement through the following Conference 2019 Blooming Highlights of the Conference will Committee contacts: Biodiversity be the A J Swaby public address Conference in by Professor Stephen Hopper and Albany, Western in-conference excursions to iconic Australia from 29 September to 4 locations, including Stirling Range and October. Blooming Biodiversity will Porongurup National Parks and Greens celebrate the unique flora that is Pool and the Banksia Farm in Mt the global biodiversity hotspot of Barker, to experience South Western the South West region of Western Australian flora in its natural setting. Australia. Pre-and post-Conference Tours will Keynote speaker, botanist Greg explore the wider South West and Keighery, said that ‘the Conference Great Southern regions. Beginning Looking for markers for and leaf of the Prasophyllum petalum (Leek orchid); Photo: Andy Russell theme is Know, Grow, Conserve or ending in Albany, these optional and Enjoy our Western Australian tours include Western Australia’s wildflowers and the program of Wheatbelt and Inland Southern speakers and excursions has been Wednesday Heaths, the Kwongan heathlands designed around this’. Walkers visiting and Darling Scarp forest, the The five-day Conference will feature Southern Mallee shrublands and Frogmore expert speakers on flora in science, heaths of the southern coast, and Cemetery history and art. Among them are the southwest Jarrah, Karri, Tingle, author and botanist Alex George, Wandoo and Tuart forests. Orchid marker; Photo: Lucinda Royston

34 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 35 Janet Russell drouynianus grows only in the south- west of Western Australia (WA). It is have taken to buying flowers from advertised on the web as a foliage plant the florists recently. I check for I for the cut flower trade under the name A Little Learning About native flowers first but I am not always of Emu Grass. successful. I bought a single Albany the Cut-Flower Trade Banksia, Banksia coccinea during my Podocarpus species are coniferous last foray into the market. I also bought plants and Podocarpus drouynianus is some Emu Grass that together with the one of the plum pines. It is dioecious Banksia, I thought would make a simple and grows to about 0.75m to 3m high. understated arrangement. They have long stems and spread by root suckering. Emu Grass is an I became interested in the grass and understorey species that is associated started to do some research. The first with the lowland Karri and Jarrah google search sent me down a blind trees. The local Aboriginal people, the alley. Distichlis distichophylla also known Noongar people, call it Koolah. as sea-grass grows in Victoria and is a stoloniferous grass that did not match Unfortunately like many WA Plants my plant. The ‘grass’ that I bought has a they are not available commercially to woody stem. people in other states. For those who will be travelling in WA as part of the My next search delivered the result ANPSA Conference they are quite likely I needed. Emu Bush, Podocarpus to come across it.

Podocarpus drouynianus and Banksia coccinea; Photo: Janet Russell

By Hesperian – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0; https//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7405965

36 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 37 Melia azedarach flowers; Photo: Ben Walcott

short-lived (around 20 years), but in gardens and where irrigation is available some may live for 40 years White Cedar is a Rare Bird or longer. A winter Deciduous Australian Tree Good specimens of white cedar have many small flowers (20mm) that are white with purple/blue stripes and a Melia azedarach; Photo: Ben Walcott fits the bill beautifully, and despite wonderful, almost citrus-like scent. a few shortcomings has some very Gregory Moore The fruits are about 15mm in The name Melia was the Greek name attractive traits. Doctor of Botany, University of Melbourne given to the ash tree, which has diameter and bright orange in White cedar is usually a small colour. They are usually retained hite cedar (Melia azedarach) similar foliage, and azedarach means spreading tree with a rounded over winter and so the trees provide grows naturally across ‘poisonous tree’ — parts of it are W canopy up to about six metres a seasonal smorgasbord — shade Queensland and northern New toxic. in height, but under the right in summer, autumn foliage colour, South Wales but is widely planted as White cedar is something of a rarity conditions trees can be more than orange fruits in winter, and attractive an ornamental tree all over Australia. among Australian native trees, as 20m tall, with a canopy spread scented flowers in spring. It also grows across much of Asia it loses its leaves in winter or early of 10m or more. They have quite and belongs to the mahogany autumn. Winter deciduous trees are Many specimens are prolific in their dense foliage composed of dark production of fruits and seeds, which family. highly valued in landscape design as they provide all the benefits of compound leaves up to 500mm readily germinate, underscoring the This wide dispersal sees the species summer shade but allow winter long, which transition from dark weed potential of the species under given a very wide and diverse range light. green to a pale yellow in autumn. the right circumstances. They can be an invasive species in some parts of of common names, including: While Australia has an abundance of As a winter deciduous tree they are Asia and Africa. umbrella cedar, pride of India, Indian evergreen tree species and a variety a very popular native tree that has lilac, Persian lilac, and Chinaberry. In of summer deciduous trees that been widely planted as street trees Unfortunately as the fruits mature Australia it is known as white cedar lose their leaves in summer when and in domestic gardens, where and dry they become as hard as ball due to its soft general-purpose water is scarce, we have few winter specimens of 10–12m are common. bearings. If you mow over them they timber. deciduous native trees. White cedar The trees are often considered to be can fire from under a mower like

38 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 39 bullets, and if they land on a hard is why they have been so widely and paved surface they can be a tripping successfully spread. hazard for people who unexpectedly The trees are quite resistant to Study Group Notes find themselves skating. The fruits termite damage and their poison and foliage can also be quite toxic if does protect them from grazing eaten. So this would appear to put mammals and some insects. They By Brigitta Wimmer, Study Group •• Dryandra sp. Boyup Brook and D. a bit a dampener on the use of the porrecta tree. However, in recent years non- can be prone to root problems and it Liaison Officer, ANPS Canberra Region •• Another casualty and Dryandra fruiting varieties of white cedar have is not uncommon for their trunks to break off at ground level, especially Correa Study Group fililoba blooms become available and these have Newsletter 59, June 2019 proven popular as street and garden if they have been poorly propagated Garden Design Study Group trees. or planted, which can be a big •• Leaders’ Comments Newsletter 108 August 2019 • problem when they are planted as a • Surprise •• About the Newsletter & Themes A toxic treat street tree. • • Correa Crawl 2019 •• The Editor Comments Many parts of the tree are toxic • Although they are related to • Article by Maria Hitchcock •• GDSG Biannual Report 2018/2019 — interestingly, though, not the mahogany, their wood can be quite •• Correas in My Ararat Garden fleshy part of the fruit. It has evolved •• Extracts from Past Newsletters brittle and easily broken, which •• Moving — (Handscombes’ Move) •• Newsletter #108 Theme to be attractive to the birds that •• Growing Correas at Tarrawingee disperse seed. However the seeds means care should be taken when •• Gardens as Art: Principles and •• Membership are very poisonous, and as few as 6 pruning or working on them. When Elements for Better Designs •• My Correa Story or 8 seeds can be fatal for children. the wood dries it shatters easily and •• Petes Hobby Nursery & Lowood Fortunately, the seeds are very hard can send shards in all directions •• Looking at Correas Rail Trail Q GDSGQ and do not taste very pleasant, so when you try to snap it. In Australia •• Propagating Correas by Cutting •• Chris Nicolic Garden, Tallegalla Q the risk of humans eating them is the wood can range from light Dryandra GDSGQ quite low. cream to dark brown in colour, and •• Future Correa Crawl — The •• May 2017 visit to three Brisbane while it is quite a useful wood for leaders Bob and Dot O’Neill are members’ gardens GDSGQ Despite this, white cedar has been carving and furniture, it is not widely looking for someone to organise •• Plants in Design widely used as a medicinal plant by a Kangaroo Island Crawl for June used. •• Notes from Members indigenous cultures, especially for next year. If interested, contact •• Membership Matters intestinal parasites. The seeds have As a winter deciduous native tree them by email oneills777@gmail. •• Stop the Press been widely used to make beads of smallish stature, with many com by indigenous peoples in Asia and attractive characteristics, the white Dryandra Study Group Grevillea Study Group Australia, and in some places the cedar really is an Australian rarity, Newsletter 77, July 2019 Newsletter 113, June 2019 tree is called the bead tree. despite how widely it occurs or is •• The Mound Dryandras •• Editorial planted. An easy grower •• Correspondence Page •• Activities One of the good things about white This article was previously published on •• News from Denmark Page •• Grevillea News cedar is they are easily grown, and The Conversation on 28 June 2019 •• Dryandras in My Denmark •• In your Garden cope quite well with the low rainfall https://theconversation.com/white- Garden •• In the Wild in many parts of Australia. They also cedar-is-a-rare-bird-a-winter-deciduous- •• Summary of Francis Nge Seminar •• Seed Bank tolerate a variety of soil types, which australian-tree-118837 Presentation •• Financials

40 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 41 Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc. The aims of the Society are to foster the recognition, conservation and Membership Fees New Leaders of Australian Plants cultivation of Australian native plants. Single or family memberships are the same price. Meetings are held at 7.30pm on the second Thursday of each month, Basic membership including Bulletin and Journal — $35 ($18*) February to December, in Canberra. Visitors are always welcome. in Containers Study Group Full membership including Bulletin, Journal and Australian Day and weekend field trips to locations of outstanding botanical Plants — $50 ($33*) interest are organised on a regular basis. Life member subscribing to Australian Plants — $15 The Society publishes a Bulletin in all months except January, and this his Study Group has been in * Concession rates apply to pensioners (Centrelink), full-time have plants that otherwise won’t quarterly Journal in March, June, September and December. recess for some time and Ros students and unemployed. T tolerate local conditions. Website: nativeplantscbr.com.au and Ben Walcott have volunteered Membership Secretary: Vacant to reactivate and lead it. Ros and I plan to produce a newsletter [email protected] twice per year with contributions from Ben Walcott interested members. All newsletters Council Other useful contacts ‘Members of this Study Group focus will be distributed by email. We would President Bulletin Editor their activities on investigating and very much like to receive a picture or Ben Walcott Lucinda Royston trialling those Australian native plants two of favourite or interesting native 02 6161 2742 [email protected] that may be suitable for growing in plants in pots with a short description. [email protected] Study Group Liaison Officer pots or other types of containers. Membership is free to all members Vice President Brigitta Wimmer Many people live in smaller units of ANPS Canberra (as an ANPSA John Carter [email protected] 02 6231 7055 and apartments with balconies or affiliated Society). If you wish to Booksales [email protected] have small areas for gardens and so be added to the mailing list of this Murray Dadds growing Australian native plants in Study Group, just email either of Secretary 43 MacLaurin Cres containers is a great way to have a us at [email protected] or Garth Chamberlain Chifley ACT 2606 0417 661 047 0404 870 447 small garden of native plants. Also, [email protected] and we will [email protected] [email protected] growing in containers allows us to add you to the distribution list.’ Treasurer Public Officer Neville Page (for Associations Incorporation Act purposes) 02 6238 1770 Paul Meier [email protected] 7 Robert Lewis Crescent Assistant Secretary/Treasurer Gordon ACT 2906 Geoff Butler 02 6294 6601 (h) 02 6236 9158 All Society correspondence to [email protected] The Secretary Other Council Members ANPS Canberra Region (Inc) Karen Brien PO Box 217 Greg Quinn Civic Square ACT 2608 Gail Ritchie-Knight Ian Tranter Brigitta Wimmer

Lechenaultia formosa; Photo: Gail Ritchie Knight taken at Andy and Janet Russell's Canberra apartment Back cover: Hardenbergia violaceae, ANBG; Photo: Ben Walcott

42 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 Journal, Australian Native Plants Society, Canberra Region Inc — September 2019 www.nativeplantscbr.com.au