Time to Destroy the Mythology of Bonapartism
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The Treaty of Lunéville J. David Markham When Napoleon Became
The Treaty of Lunéville J. David Markham When Napoleon became First Consul in 1799, his first order of business was to defend France against the so-called Second Coalition. This coalition was made up of a number of smaller countries led by Austria, Russia and Britain. The Austrians had armies in Germany and in Piedmont, Italy. Napoleon sent General Jean Moreau to Germany while he, Napoleon, marched through Switzerland to Milan and then further south, toward Alessandria. As Napoleon, as First Consul, was not technically able to lead an army, the French were technically under the command of General Louis Alexandre Berthier. There, on 14 June 1800, the French defeated the Austrian army led by General Michael von Melas. This victory, coupled with Moreau’s success in Germany, lead to a general peace negotiation resulting in the Treaty of Lunéville (named after the town in France where the treaty was signed by Count Ludwig von Cobenzl for Austria and Joseph Bonaparte for Austria. The treaty secured France’s borders on the left bank of the Rhine River and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. France ceded territory and fortresses on the right bank, and various republics were guaranteed their independence. This translation is taken from the website of the Fondation Napoléon and can be found at the following URL: https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the- two-empires/articles/treaty-of-luneville/. I am deeply grateful for the permission granted to use it by Dr. Peter Hicks of the Fondation. That French organization does an outstanding job of promoting Napoleonic history throughout the world. -
Roberts & Tilton
ROBERTS & TILTON FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE March 12, 2016 Daniel Joseph Martinez IF YOU DRINK HEMLOCK, I SHALL DRINK IT WITH YOU or A BEAUTIFUL DEATH; player to player, pimp to pimp. (As performed by the inmates of the Asylum of Charenton under the direction of the Marquis de Sade) April 9 – May 21, 2016 Sade: “Justine (or The Misfortunes of Virtue)” 1791 Opening Reception Saturday, April 9th, 6-8pm Roberts & Tilton is pleased to present a new installation by Daniel Joseph Martinez. “IF YOU DRINK HEMLOCK, I SHALL DRINK IT WITH YOU or A BEAUTIFUL DEATH; player to player, pimp to pimp. (As performed by the inmates of the Asylum of Charenton under the direction of the Marquis de Sade)” is an immersive environment referencing Jacques-Louis David’s seminal portrait The Death of Marat (1793). Whereas David’s painting represents a single moment, Martinez’s interpretation is conceived as a mise en scène, constantly oscillating between past and present. Entering the gallery, the viewer is confronted by a pair of aluminum bleachers dividing the gallery space. Monitors depicting slow moving clouds are hung over each set, suggesting windows. In the space carved out between the bleachers are three life-like sculptures of Martinez as Marat, his assassin Charlotte Corday, and of the artist himself. A closer look reveals that while the figures are modeled after the artist’s own body, each appropriate the signifiers specific to their character: a knife; fresh wounds; a bathtub; a chore jacket. Confronting this hyper-awareness of the physical body is the fourth character, who appears in the deadpan recital of Corday’s monologues from Peter Weiss’s play “Marat/Sade” (1963) projected throughout the installation. -
'The Collection of Marat's Bibliographer' at the British Library
'THE COLLECTION OF MARAT'S BIBLIOGRAPHER' AT THE BRITISH LIBRARY JACQUES DE COCK 'TELL me what you do and I shall tell you who you are.' We are reminded of this saying when considering the personality of Francois Chevremont, an enthusiastic collector, a scholar and the author of two works on Jean-Paul Marat. From 1845 onwards throughout fifty years of patient research/ Chevremont assembled the most important collection of documents relating to the * Friend of the People'. His works are highly regarded and yet we know almost nothing about this man, who was born in 1824 and died in 1907, who lived in Paris in the Avenue de Clichy, before moving to Lizy-sur-Ourcq in the department of Seine-et-Marne. His destiny is, therefore, especially connected with that of his work and his collection. It is with the fate of the latter that we shall be concerned here.^ Around 1880 Francois Chevremont, then almost sixty, was extremely worried about keeping his collection together; he therefore sent various French libraries a form letter worded as follows: Fig. I. Jean Paul Marat; frontispiece engraving from Les Chaines de Pesdavage (1833). 645.3.4 44 Dear Sir, For thirty years I have been collecting everything relating to J.-P. Marat. Apart from the complete set of the scientific, philosophical and political works of the scholar, philosopher and journalist, today this collection consists of: 1° The seven original folio placards 2° The plan for critninal legislation reprinted by Marat's widow 3" A considerable number of brochures and documents all relating to Marat 4'' An important collection of engravings and drawings 5" Two paintings, a miniature, some medallion portraits, two copper engravings one of which is by Copia etc. -
Analysing the High Art of Propaganda During the French Revolution
Thema Close to the Source: Analysing the High Art of Propaganda during the French Revolution Jacques-Louis David’s The Death of Marat reveals the blurred lines between historical fact and fiction. Cam Wilson, undergraduate student, The University of Melbourne Analysing primary source material is both an The Death of Marat (1793, see Figure 1) by Jacques- important and highly rewarding exercise in historical Louis David is a uniquely complex historical source scholarship. The ability to critically examine and that captures both the brutal reality and the elaborate evaluate primary documents is the foundation of fiction of the French Revolution. The tragic depiction quality historical research. Analysis requires historians of Jean-Paul Marat, the radical journalist and political to look far beyond first impressions of a historical agitator lying dead in his bath, reveals the methods source. They must examine it in fine detail and be employed by political propagandists to manufacture able to communicate their description to the reader. a new ideological reality for the revolutionary state. Reconstructing the historical context of the source Simultaneously, it serves to accentuate the sense of both deepens the analysis and frequently provides tragedy and death the revolution has left in its wake. This analysis examines the multiple meanings of inspiration for further research. Armed with detailed David’s iconic painting to explain how a historical research and observation, the focus of the analysis source with such a deliberate political agenda can is to uncover the intentions of the author and the reveal so much about revolutionary France. message they are trying to convey. -
Maryland Historical Magazine, 1946, Volume 41, Issue No. 4
MHRYMnD CWAQAZIU^j MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY BALTIMORE DECEMBER • 1946 t. IN 1900 Hutzler Brothers Co. annexed the building at 210 N. Howard Street. Most of the additional space was used for the expansion of existing de- partments, but a new shoe shop was installed on the third floor. It is interesting to note that the shoe department has now returned to its original location ... in a greatly expanded form. HUTZLER BPOTHERSe N\S/Vsc5S8M-lW MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE A Quarterly Volume XLI DECEMBER, 1946 Number 4 BALTIMORE AND THE CRISIS OF 1861 Introduction by CHARLES MCHENRY HOWARD » HE following letters, copies of letters, and other documents are from the papers of General Isaac Ridgeway Trimble (b. 1805, d. 1888). They are confined to a brief period of great excitement in Baltimore, viz, after the riot of April 19, 1861, when Federal troops were attacked by the mob while being marched through the City streets, up to May 13th of that year, when General Butler, with a large body of troops occupied Federal Hill, after which Baltimore was substantially under control of the 1 Some months before his death in 1942 the late Charles McHenry Howard (a grandson of Charles Howard, president of the Board of Police in 1861) placed the papers here printed in the Editor's hands for examination, and offered to write an introduction if the Committee on Publications found them acceptable for the Magazine. Owing to the extraordinary events related and the revelation of an episode unknown in Baltimore history, Mr. Howard's proposal was promptly accepted. -
Pierre Riel, the Marquis De Beurnonville at the Spanish Court and Napoleon Bonaparte's Spanish Policy, 1802-05 Michael W
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Fear and Domination: Pierre Riel, the Marquis de Beurnonville at the Spanish Court and Napoleon Bonaparte's Spanish Policy, 1802-05 Michael W. Jones Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Fear and Domination: Pierre Riel, the Marquis de Beurnonville at the Spanish Court and Napoleon Bonaparte’s Spanish Policy, 1802-05 By Michael W. Jones A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester 2005 Copyright 2004 Michael W. Jones All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approved the dissertation of Michael W. Jones defended on 28 April 2004. ________________________________ Donald D. Horward Professor Directing Dissertation ________________________________ Outside Committee Member Patrick O’Sullivan ________________________________ Jonathan Grant Committee Member ________________________________ James Jones Committee Member ________________________________ Paul Halpern Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my father Leonard William Jones and my mother Vianne Ruffino Jones. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Earning a Ph.D. has been the most difficult task of my life. It is an endeavor, which involved numerous professors, students, colleagues, friends and family. When I started at Florida State University in August 1994, I had no comprehension of how difficult it would be for everyone involved. Because of the help and kindness of these dear friends and family, I have finally accomplished my dream. -
View the Enlightenment As a Catalyst for Beneficial Change in the Region
UNA REVOLUCION, NI MAS NI MENOS: THE ROLE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE SUPREME JUNTAS IN QUITO, 1765-1822 Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Beau James Brammer, B.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Master’s Examination Committee: Kenneth Andrien, Adviser Stephanie Smith Alan Gallay Copyright by Beau James Brammer 2010 Abstract This thesis examines the role the European Enlightenment played in the political sphere during the late colonial era in the Audiencia of Quito. Until the eighteenth century, Creole elites controlled the local economic and governmental sectors. With the ascension of the Bourbon dynasty in 1700, however, these elites of Iberian descent began to lose their power as new European ideas, emerging from the Enlightenment, led to a process of consolidating and centralizing power into the hands of Peninsular Spanish officials. Known as the Bourbon Reforms, these measures led to Creole disillusionment, as they began losing power at the local level. Beginning in the 1770s and 1780s, however, Enlightenment ideas of “nationalism” and “rationality” arrived in the Andean capital, making their way to the disgruntled Creoles. As the situation deteriorated, elites began to incorporate these new concepts into their rhetoric, presenting a possible response to the Reforms. When Napoleon invaded Spain in 1808, the Creoles expelled the Spanish government in Quito, creating an autonomous movement, the Junta of 1809, using these Enlightenment principles as their justification. I argue, however, that while these ‘modern’ principles gave the Creoles an outlet for their grievances, it is their inability to find a common ground on how their government should interpret these new ideas which ultimately lead to the Junta’s failure. -
Caroline Murat: Powerful Patron of Napoleonic France and Italy
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2014-07-10 Caroline Murat: Powerful Patron of Napoleonic France and Italy Brittany Dahlin Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Art Practice Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Dahlin, Brittany, "Caroline Murat: Powerful Patron of Napoleonic France and Italy" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 4224. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4224 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Caroline Murat: Powerful Patron of Napoleonic France and Italy Brittany Dahlin A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Heather Belnap Jensen, Chair James Swensen Mark Magleby Department of Visual Arts Brigham Young University June 2014 Copyright © 2014 Brittany Dahlin All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Caroline Murat: Powerful Patron of Napoleonic France and Italy Brittany Dahlin Department of Visual Arts, BYU Master of Arts Caroline Bonaparte Murat created an identity for herself through the art that she collected during the time of her reign as queen of Naples as directed by her brother, Napoleon, from 1808- 1814. Through the art that she both commissioned and purchased, she developed an identity as powerful politically, nurturing, educated, fashionable, and Italianate. Through this patronage, Caroline became influential on stylish, female patronage in both Italy and France. Caroline purchased and commissioned works from artists such as Jean-August-Domonique Ingres, François Gérard, Elizabeth Vigée LeBrun, Antonio Canova and other lesser-known artists of the nineteenth century. -
Marie Bonaparte Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered
Princess Marie Bonaparte Papers A Finding Aid to the Papers in the Sigmund Freud Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2011 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms016046 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm82013169 Prepared by Grover Batts Revised and expanded by Margaret McAleer with the assistance of Marjorie Torney and Carolyn Ray Collection Summary Title: Marie Bonaparte Papers Span Dates: 1889-1962 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1913-1961) ID No.: MSS13169 Creator: Bonaparte, Marie, Princess, 1882-1962 Extent: 6,300 items ; 33 containers ; 13 linear feet Language: Collection material in French, German, and English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Psychoanalyst and author. Journals, correspondence, drafts of writings, notebooks, legal records, obituaries, genealogical notes, photographs, watercolor drawings, and printed matter relating to Bonaparte's involvement in the field of psychoanalysis. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Allendy, René, 1889-1942--Correspondence. Bibring, Edward, 1894-1959--Correspondence. Bibring, Grete L. (Grete Lehner), 1899-1977--Correspondence. Bonaparte, Marie, Princess, 1882-1962. Bonaparte, Marie, Princess, 1882-1962. Cinq cahiers écrits par une petite fille entre sept ans et demi et dix ans et leurs commentaires. 1939-1951. Bonaparte, Marie, Princess, 1882-1962. Mémoire des disparus. -
Xerox University Microfilms
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the Future of France
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2017 Visionaries in opposition: Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the future of France Seth J. Browner Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Browner, Seth J., "Visionaries in opposition: Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the future of France". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2017. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/621 Visionaries in opposition: Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the Future of France Seth Browner History Senior Thesis Professor Kathleen Kete Spring, 2017 2 Introduction: Two men and France in the balance It was January 28, 1809. Napoleon Bonaparte, crowned Emperor of the French in 1804, returned to Paris. Napoleon spent most of his time as emperor away, fighting various wars. But, frightful words had reached his ears that impelled him to return to France. He was told that Joseph Fouché, the Minister of Police, and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, had held a meeting behind his back. The fact alone that Fouché and Talleyrand were meeting was curious. They loathed each other. Fouché and Talleyrand had launched public attacks against each other for years. When Napoleon heard these two were trying to reach a reconciliation, he greeted it with suspicion immediately. He called Fouché and Talleyrand to his office along with three other high-ranking members of the government. Napoleon reminded Fouché and Talleyrand that they swore an oath of allegiance when the coup of 18 Brumaire was staged in 1799. -
“Bonapartism” As Hazard and Promise." Caesarism in the Post-Revolutionary Age
Prutsch, Markus J. "“Bonapartism” as Hazard and Promise." Caesarism in the Post-Revolutionary Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. 47–66. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 26 Sep. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474267571.ch-003>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 26 September 2021, 09:26 UTC. Copyright © Markus J. Prutsch 2020. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 3 “ B o n a p a r t i s m ” a s H a z a r d a n d P r o m i s e 3.1 Political Legitimacy in Post-Napoleonic Europe At fi rst glance, the general political situation in Europe seemed to be quite clear in 1814/1815: with Napoleon’s military defeat, the Revolution had fi nally been overpowered, its ideological foundations shattered, and the victorious anti-Napoleonic forces could feel free to turn the clocks back. Practically all over Europe the practice and language of “Revolution” was compromised, and among conservatives and liberals alike the concept of “popular sovereignty” served to denote—and indeed demonize—all the burdens, crises and sacrifi ces Europe had suff ered in the previous quarter of a century. It was hard to fi nd active advocates of radical political, social or economic change; instead, the main discourse of the time was about durable peace, reconstruction, or at most reform. Despite the fact that the partisans of the Revolution were on the defensive, however, hardly anywhere on the continent did restoration policies have the character of pure reaction or a return to pre-revolutionary conditions.