Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 62, No. 11, pp. 3737–3752, 2011 doi:10.1093/jxb/err025 Advance Access publication 19 April, 2011 This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details) RESEARCH PAPER Poplar maintains zinc homeostasis with heavy metal genes HMA4 and PCS1 Joshua P. Adams1,*, Ardeshir Adeli2, Chuan-Yu Hsu1, Richard L. Harkess3, Grier P. Page4, Claude W. dePamphilis5, Emily B. Schultz1 and Cetin Yuceer1 1 Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA 2 USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA 3 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA 4 RTI International, Atlanta, GA 30341-5533, USA 5 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
[email protected] Received 19 November 2010; Revised 28 December 2010; Accepted 7 January 2011 Abstract Perennial woody species, such as poplar (Populus spp.) must acquire necessary heavy metals like zinc (Zn) while avoiding potential toxicity. Poplar contains genes with sequence homology to genes HMA4 and PCS1 from other species which are involved in heavy metal regulation. While basic genomic conservation exists, poplar does not have a hyperaccumulating phenotype. Poplar has a common indicator phenotype in which heavy metal accumulation is proportional to environmental concentrations but excesses are prevented. Phenotype is partly affected by regulation of HMA4 and PCS1 transcriptional abundance. Wild-type poplar down-regulates several transcripts in its Zn- interacting pathway at high Zn levels. Also, overexpressed PtHMA4 and PtPCS1 genes result in varying Zn phenotypes in poplar; specifically, there is a doubling of Zn accumulation in leaf tissues in an overexpressed PtPCS1 line.