The Role of NGO's in Realizing the Social and the Humanitarian Goals Set Forth by Government for Kalyana Karnataka

Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707

The role of NGO’s in Realizing the Social and the Humanitarian Goals set forth by Government for Kalyana Karnataka: An Overview

*Shreevani.H.M .Research scholar.

** Prof. Meenakshi Khandimath . Dept of Studies and Research in Political Science. Tumkur.

Abstract

This paper attempts to study importance of non-governmental organizations in appreciating the social and the humanitarian goals given by government mainly for Kalyana Karnataka.Non Governmental Organisations, or NGOs, as they are called in common parlance, are organisations which are involved in carrying out a wide range of activities for the benefit of underprivileged people and the society at large. As the name suggests, NGOs work independently, without any financial aid of the government although they may work in close coordination with the government agencies for executing their projects.NGOs take up and execute projects to promote welfare of the community they work with. They work to address various concerns and issues prevailing within the society. NGOs are not-for-profit bodies which means they do not have any commercial interest. NGOs are run on donations made by individuals, corporate and institutions. They engage in fundraising activities to raise money for carrying out the work they do. Ever since independence, NGOs have played a crucial role in helping the needy in India, providing aid to the distressed and elevating the socio-economic status of millions in the country.

Kalyana Karnataka region is located in the north-eastern part of the State. The region, encompassed by the Kannada speaking people, was earlier ruled by the Nizams of Hyderabad until 1948. After merging with the Indian Union, the region was a part of the then Hyderabad State until 1956. The Kalyana Karnataka region comprises of Bidar, Yadgir, Raichur,Koppala, Ballary and Kalaburagi districts.The Kalyana Karnataka region is the second largest arid region in India. HK region account for 23% of state geographical area Uncultivated area of the region is 23% of state uncultivated area Decadal population

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growth of the region is 17.73% whereas state growth rate is 15.60% HKRDB region is having 18% of the State population 24% of State SC population is residing in the region 34% of State ST population is residing in the region Literacy rate of the region is 64.45% whereas State literacy is 75.36% Dropout rate in the HKRDB region is 5.77 where as the State Dropout rate is 2.96 Child Mortality Rate of the region is 59 where as State Child Mortality rate is 41 Infant Mortality Rate of the region is 51 where as State Infant Mortality Rate is 35 Net District domestic product of HKRDB region is Rs. 44832 per capita whereas the State average is Rs. 68053 per capita

Key words: civil society,community-based organization,people's organization,grassroots organization, Kalyana Karnataka, NGO

Introduction

“The evolution of the human rights movement clearly illustrates humanity’s ongoing struggle toward creating a better world.”– Robert Alan

Many organizations around the world dedicate their efforts to protecting human rights and ending human rights abuses. Public support and condemnation of abuses is important to their success, as human rights organizations are most effective when their calls for reform are backed by strong public advocacy. Non Governmental Organization is one of the examples of such groups. In every part of the globe, there are Non-Governmental Organizations’ (NGOs) working every hour of the day to document the injustices heaped upon women, children and the under- class, standing beneath the bottom rung of the society. By their active campaigning, they remind Governments to keep their promise in order to give practical shape to goals set by various national and international conventions on human rights. India is estimated to have between 1 million and 2 million NGOs. The NGO are a necessary corollary to the democratic machinery of the government, they are means of democratic empowerment of those who are less powerful and less advantaged as the government machinery and its authorized institution are not always sufficient to guarantee the protection of human right.This indicates that the barriers to development are still strong enough to retard the development processes. In this context, intensive efforts are required to bridge the development gap and attain equitable distribution of gains from development across regions and people in the state. Therefore to plug the backwardness of the Hyderabad-Karnataka region, State has made a conscious

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effort by substantially increasing the allocations provided to the HKRDB during 2014-15. In a country having more per capita NGOs than hospital beds — around four NGOs for every 1,000 people in urban areas and 2.3 NGOs for every 1,000 population in rural areas — nonprofits admittedly have an important role to play in India’s development activities.

While the U.S. has 3.1 hospital beds per 1,000 people, India has a mere 0.9 hospital beds per 1,000 people. In other areas like primary education, sanitation, child rights and women’s empowerment, the score of India is less than impressive, although there have been improvements from the past. And this is where NGOs come to play a vital role.

Although generating development has been the responsibility primarily of the government, since the scope of development now includes not just economic progress but also promoting social justice, gender equity, education and the quality of life issues, nonprofits both within India and abroad, especially those directing their voluntary work and funds towards India, are generally seen as partners in the country’s development in some, if not in all cases.

“The problems in India are huge and although the government is doing a lot of work in many areas, our villages have still many unresolved problems from poverty to illiteracy, and I think the government efforts are alone not sufficient to cope up with problems,” S.V. Acharya, president emeritus of Sankara Nethralaya OM Trust Inc. USA, told this correspondent.The focus, however, needs to be on education, health and nutrition and skill development along with development of farm and non-farm activities. Therefore, formulation and effective implementation of development programmes tailored to the needs of the region are required to meet the challenges of this region.In recent years, the government has been somewhat circumspect about the activities of some of the NGOs and a little hesitant in accepting philanthropic help from foreign nonprofits, thanks to a growing sense of national pride in its own power and ability to solve problems, but nonprofits, including those from the U.S. who operate in various sectors in India, have by and large been able to continue their work.

There have been restrictions in recent years on the activities of some nonprofits receiving funds from abroad due to their alleged violation of foreign exchange regulation. The government has even been reluctant to accept foreign government assistance to tackle issues like natural calamities.

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Acharya said he does not know the reason why the government refused foreign assistance which could be due to political considerations but personally believes that India still needs help of NGOs, working in the remote parts of the country in health and other areas to improve quality of life.

“It’s an extremely emotional issue in India these days,” the Indian American philanthropist says, alluding to the country’s growing national pride in its own capability.

However, most experts India Abroad spoke to believe Indian diaspora philanthropy and nonprofits’ work that it supports, remains a critical tool for spurring India’s development, especially in social sectors. Although India is projecting itself as the third largest economy in the world and is confident of tackling most of the issues on its own, they say it is early to conclude that the country no longer needs nonprofits and their work supported by philanthropic contributions.

“In our perception India still needs a lot of help and we are doing things in good faith. It is not like that we are feeling sad for India or any such thing, but we want to see India grow up even more,” M.R. Rangaswamy, founder and chairman of Indiaspora, told this correspondent.

For example, Sankara Nethralaya OM Trust, which for the past few years has been raising $1 million a year from individual philanthropic donations and organizing fund-raisers, gives the entire fund to support Sankara Nethralaya (SN), Chennai, a comprehensive eye care center for providing free eye care to indigent patients in its main campus in Chennai, and other hospitals in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Objective:

This paper intends to exploreand analyze the significance of non-governmental organizations in achieving the social and the humanitarian goals. NGOs are continuously making a lot of effort to improve the life of villagers /citizens by spreading awareness about steps taken by government for Kalyana Karnataka

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Nanjundappa committee emancipation of Kalyana Karnataka region

The State had constituted a high power committee under Prof. Nanjundappa to study regional imbalances in the State and to recommend strategies to address them. The committee identified 35 indicators to measure the extent of development in various sectors and had built a Comprehensive Composite Development Index (CCDI) and Composite Deprivation Index (CDI). On the basis of CDI all taluks are categorised as most backward, more backward, backward and relatively developed taluks. 21 taluks of HK region are categorized as most backward, 5 taluks as more backward and 2 taluks as backward. What is Article 371J? This article of the constitution of India provides for Special Status for Kalyana Karnataka Region. This is was introduced in the 118th constitutional amendment to the constitution. Article 371J will grant special status to six backward districts of Hyderabad Karnataka region to: Establish a separate Development Board The Board ensures sufficient funds are allocated for Development of the region. Local reservation in education and Government-jobs (Domicile requirement) According to Article 371J The Hon’ble President may, by order, made with respect to the State of Karnataka, provide for any special responsibility of the Hon’ble Governor for – Establishment of a separate development board for Hyderabad Karnataka Region with the provision that a report on the working of the board will be placed each year before the state Legislative Assembly; Equitable allocation of funds for developmental expenditure over the said region, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole; Equitable opportunities and facilities for the people belonging to the said region, in matters of public employment, education and vocational training, subject to the requirements of the State as a whole. For this purpose Reservation of a proportion of seats in educational and vocational training institutions in the Kalyana Karnataka region for students who belong to that region by birth or by domicile Identification of posts or classes of posts under the State Government and in any body or organisation under the control of the State Government in the Hyderabad Karnataka Region and reservation of a proportion of such posts for persons who belong to that region by birth or by domicile and for appointment there to by direct recruitment or by promotion or in any other manner as may be specified in the order. The following measures have already been taken: Hyderabad Karnataka Region Development Board was formed on 06/11/2013. It was constituted with 28 members on the 23rd January 2014. Sri Qamrul Islam honourable Minister of Municipal

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Administration, Haj & Walkf and Minorities Welfare has been nominated as the Chairman of the Board. The Karnataka Public Employment (Reservation in Appointment for Hyderabad- Karnataka Region)Order, 2013 – Provides for creation of a local cadre and reservation in the Hyderabad- Karnataka Region as under, besides reservation of 8% of the posts in the State level offices or institutions or apex institutions The Karnataka Private Un-aided Educational institutions (Regulations of Admission in the Kalyana Karnataka Region) Order, 2013- Provides for reservation of 70% of the available seats in every course of study in any regional university or educational institution, besides 8% of the available seats in every course of study provided in a State wide University or a state wide educational institution. The Karnataka Educational Instituions (Regulations of Admission in the Hyderabad – Karnataka Region) Order, 2013 – provides for reservation of 70% of available seats. To address the issue of backwardness in the State, Government has been implementing a Special Development Programme (SDP) since 2007-08. 40% of budget of SDP is earmarked for Hyderabad- Karnataka region.

Human rights as the ‘Rights relating to life, liberty, equality, and dignity of individuals guaranteed by the constitution or embodied in international covenants and enforceable by the courts in India’ The term non-governmental or, more accurately non-profit is normally used to cover the range of organizations which go to make up civil society. Such organizations are characterized, in general, by having as the purpose of their existence something other than financial profit. However, this leaves a huge multitude of reasons for existence and a wide variety of enterprises and activities. NGOs range from small pressure groups on, for example, specific environmental concerns or specific human rights violations, through educational charities, women's refuges, cultural associations, religious organizations, legal foundations, humanitarian assistance programs.The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrangements for consultation with nongovernmental organizations which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrangements may be made with international organizations and, where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the Member of the United Nations concerned.

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NGO’s have a vital role to play in the promotion and protection of human right specially in the developing country, has the largest number of NGO’s whose activates are spared in different fields for the welfare of human being including the promotion and protection of human right.

Work and Functions of NGOs

• NGOs take up and execute projects to promote welfare of the community they work with. They work to address various concerns and issues prevailing within the society.

• NGOs are not-for-profit bodies which mean they do not have any commercial interest . NGOs are run on donations made by individuals, corporate and institutions .

• They engage in fundraising activities to raise money for carrying out the work they do.

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Role of NGO

“The 21st Century will be an era of NGOs.” — Kofi Annan, Former UN Secretary General The world conference on human right was held in Vienna in Austria in 1993, with objective “to review and assess the progress made in the field of human right”. The resolution no 38 of the declaration stated –the world conference on human right recognizes the important role of Non Government Organization in the promotion of all human right and in humanitarian.

NGO organization have functioned as the conscience of the national in the field of human right by taking prompt action to investigate the instance human right by undertaking and the spot studies and publishing the observations.

NGOs play a pivotal, role in many fields, such as in prevention of HIV/AIDS, to educate to teach and train vulnerable groups, child care, child exploitation, child labour, bonded labour, in sex tourism, and providing counselling in number of matters including domestic disputes, subject relating to rights of women and children and so on.

Among the wide variety of roles that NGOs play, the following are important The Social Welfare Role - where relief and charity are key actions. NGOs in this role can be seen as initiating internal programs and projects.

The Mediatory Role - where communication as a skill is important for development and social action. NGOs in this role can be seen as participating or taking up external programs and projects.

The Consultative Role - where support documentation and dissemination of information and expertise is critical. NGOs in this role can be seen as working in collaborative programs. Local experts/professionals/resource persons play major secondary roles.

Development and Operation of Infrastructure: Community- based organizations and cooperatives can acquire, subdivide and develop land, construct housing, provide infrastructure and operate and maintain infrastructure such as wells or public toilets and solid waste collection services.

Supporting Innovation, Demonstration and Pilot Projects: NGO have the advantage of selecting particular places for innovative projects and specify in advance the length of time which they

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will be supporting the project - overcoming some of the shortcomings that governments face in this respect.

Facilitating Communication: The significance of this role to the government is that NGOs can communicate to the policy-making levels of government, information about the lives, capabilities, attitudes and cultural characteristics of people at the local level. NGOs can facilitate communication upward from people to the government and downward from the government to t he people.

Technical Assistance and Training: Training institutions and NGOs can develop a technical assistance and training capacity and use this to assist both CBOs and governments.

Research, Monitoring and Evaluation: Innovative activities need to be carefully documented and shared - effective participatory monitoring would permit the sharing of results with the people themselves as well as with the project staff.

• Ever since independence, NGOs have played a crucial role in helping the needy in India, providing aid to the distressed and elevating the socio-economic status of millions in the country.

• Given the vastness of India, both in terms of demography and area, and its socio-cultural diversity, millions are still bereft of a decent life. This is where NGOs come into the picture. Their job is to plug the gaps left by the government by improving the lives of the most marginalised communities.

• In India, NGOs undertake a variety of activities.

• From providing direct benefit (like distributing nutrition feed to malnourished children ) to enabling and empowering people (like making a community realise the importance of sending their children to school), the work of NGOs has a far-reaching impact in helping underprivileged and deprived people march ahead in life.

• In order to be registered under the FCRA, an NGO must be in existence for at least three years and must have undertaken reasonable activity in its field for which the foreign contribution is proposed to be utilised.

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• Further, it must have spent at least INR 1,000,000 over three years preceding the date of its application on its activities.

• The registration certificate is valid for a period of five years and must be thereafter renewed in the prescribed manner.

• NGO not eligible for registration can seek prior approval from FCRA for receiving foreign funding.

Contribution of NGOs towards the development of Human Rights * They mobilize public opinion. * They contribute a lot to the society. * They pressurize the government on certain issues, such as protection of prisoners rights, torture etc. * They approach the judiciary on behalf of poor people who otherwise have no access to justice. * They ask for submission of certain reports. * The play a special role especially in the developing countries for the development of human rights.

Advocacy for and with the Poor: In some cases, NGOs become spokespersons or ombudsmen for the poor and attempt to influence government policies and programs on their behalf. This may be done through a variety of means ranging from demonstration and pilot projects to participation in public forums and the formulation of government policy and plans, to publicizing research results and case studies of the poor. Thus NGOs play roles from advocates for the poor to implementers of government programs; from agitators and critics to partners and advisors; from sponsors of pilot projects to mediators. Role of NGO at International level in protecting human right

At the international level, the status of human rights is watched by many NGOs. Amnesty International is one such organization. This Organization is dedicated to publicizing violation of human rights, especially freedom of speech and religion and right of political dissent. It also

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works for the release of political prisoners and, when necessary, for the relief of their families. For its commendable services in the field of human rights, Amnesty International was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1977.

Conclusion

“Peace, development and human rights are essentially inter-related, inter-dependent and indivisible.” – Theo van Boven. Despite the interventions to develop the HK region on par with the relatively developed regions, vital indicators relating to human development, in particular, of the region depicts that the gaps in the indices still persists.

The work done by NGOs goes a long way in nation building. With the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Act mandating 2% spend by large corporate on social issues, NGOs have the potential to touch millions of more lives through their work. NGOs are already proving to be agents of change. In times to come, they will continue to play a significant role in helping large sections of the Indian society come out from the quagmire of poverty and distress.The NGO play important role to become a concrete expression of international, national and regional and local level voice to assist and stand up for those who can’t speak themselves. Every human being is entitled to certain basic human rights which are available to them without discrimination of any sort human rights are protected by the United Nations and its specialized agencies. In India human rights are protected by the judiciary, human rights commissions, apart from these organizations the Non Governmental organizations also have an important role in protection of human rights. The Non Governmental organizations work from grass roots level to the national and international level in the protection of human rights.

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