FLORIDA STAT6 URIVERSITY

THE LIFE A1iD ORKS OF

ERNEST TAYLOR (ERNIE) PYLE

BT MAYO ORAlE

A PaJl4lr Subaitted to the Graduat. Council ot lorida Stat. Uniyer.it:r in partial tuUUlment or the requir....nt. tor the decr•• ot ~a.t.r or Scienee.

Apprond '=--=-==--,~_~,-,-:,- _ Prot•••or Dlrect1na Paper

::. e>-.o < •

Februar:r, 19~7 Dean ot the Graduate School

•• UBLE OF COITi>JlT5 Pag. INTRODUCTIOIl • •• • • •• • • • • • • • • • •• • •• 1 Chapter I. LU. or Ern.st TS1lor (Erni.) Pyla •• • •• • It II. Th. Works or Ern.st Taylor (ltrnla) Pyl•• • • • 21 ERNIE PILEI All EVALlJ Tro. • •• • • • • • • • • • • 30

BIBLIJORAPHI . • • •• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • 32

11 rNTRODUCTI ON

Durine World War II newspaparmen found many ot their asalgn:nentl centered on the "fighting tronte" at the various c.~palgn.. Among this group vas Ernie Pyle, who beca•• especIally veIl-known, closely followed, and warmly .~r.d tor his accounts of army lite. Through hil graphic reporting Pyle endeared hlmselt to civilians at home whose relatives and friends vere at these outposts, and to military peraomwl abroad who telt that Pyle vas telling their story and vas vr1tlo1 for them, •• they could not, their letters home. On. or the•• soldiers, this writer, beoame intere.ted in the writings at Pyle, whila serving in the Aliatic-Pacitic Theater during World War II. In tact, the writer vas a m.~b8r ot the 77th Infantry Division, vhich rnie Pyle was visiting when he VaS killed. Beeau•• of this Interest the writer, in hil ••arch for a topic tor a ~ast.rfs paper that would fOlter bibliographic competency, thought worthwhile a consideration or the lif. and works of Ernie Pyle. Such a stUdy vas be­ lieved to be ot possible value to librarians and Itudents .1 veIl as a practical exercise ~n biblIography and library re­ search for a prospective librarian. The procedurl tolloved In the writing of thil paper haa been to read am analyze all of the available material

I 2 cooc.rnlni the 11t. or Pyl. and bl. vork.. T001l th.t v.r. u!er~l 1n co.piling the material wer. Book Slvlev ptc,st,l CU?Blatly. 899! Iqd!I,2 t,l.Y and Q.neral Llterature Ind••,3 .nd B,ad,r, Ould! to P,r10dlcal L1t,r.tur••~ ••1.v. at bt. wrlt1n,. v... trac.d tar~U&h Boo! .ylt. PII.lt .nd the orlclnal reviews vera exam1Ded when possible. Chapt.r I ilv•• a b10iraph1cal aketch or Ern1. Pyle. The b10lraphlcal lntormat1on need 1n pr.parat10n ot thl. pap.r va. obta1ned aainly (r03 Lae 111.r'. Ihe Storr at Ernl! Prl••' Suppl.,..t1na th1., the blolr.ph1cal .katch" vblch app.ar ln Il.. .,a'1o!6 and !V!ntl!th C,qturr Author.7 have b••n uled. AllO or aoa. valul, blcaual at ita caaprea­ alon. though glvin, no additional ~aterl.1t wa. the conden­ .atlon ot K111.r'. The Story ot rnl. PY11 II ,1.on 1n the .•a4er" D c,at.8

l~Oi ~1'Y O1I"i, 1941-1947 (Nev York, H. W. ~11.on. 1 2-1 l . • 11.on, ~~~t~~j! Book Igd.x, 1941-1947 (N.w York, H. W.

3~ ••aY and q.oeral LIt.raiurl Lnd.x. 1941-1947 (N.v 10rk. R.'••1110n, 1948). ~~Iad.r" ~yld. to ~r~od~~,l Lli,raturl, 1941-19~7 (N.w York. H••• v1110n. 1 1-1 7. 'La. C. liller, In. Storr or Ernt. Pyl' (Naw York. Tb. VtkInl Pr•••• 1950). 6·&rn1e Pyl.'s ~ar," 11... July 17, l~, pp. 62-72. 7·tL~1.y J. ~un1tz and Vin.ta Colby (ed•• ), Tv,ntI.tb ~~~~Y Ayih0rJ, Flrat Supple.ant (N.v York. H.~••11.on,

8-Th• Story at Ern1. Vyle- (.xc.rpt. trot IhI Siorr 9t irnil Pr~1 by Lea C. KIller), ne.g.rl r11"t, LVIII (Janu­ ary, 1951), 1~5-180. 3 Chapter II 11 concerned with Pyle', workl, which are presented In the ,.quene. ot their publication. Each book 11 rollowed by som. co~nt trom the mOlt significant reyi.ws al 11v.n by tne Book Review D1gest, • die.,t and ind.x ot .elected revi.ws from some .eventy Dilllh-lafilUAl' periodi­ call. no att. pt hal be.n ..de to includ. PrI.'s n.vspar.r pl.ces or ~g.zln. articl•••

Following Chaptor II, is 0 comploto bibliography or

.11 sourc.s us.d in the writing at tht. paper. Included 1n thi. bibliocraphy i. a li.tIne or tho book. wrItten by rnio Pylo with a compilatIon or tho .ourco. or ro.iowa. CflAPTKR I

LIFE OF KRNEST TAYLOR (ERnIE) PYLS

Erne.t Taylor Pyle was born in tho plea.ant town of

Dana, Indi.na, on AUllU.t 3, 1900, tho only child of I~arie and

Will Pyle. Ernie'. lIother n...ed h1:l [rna. t Taylor Pyl./ Taylor, after her maiden name and, Em.lt, beeanae she liked the lound of the name. And \',rnest he alvays vas to his -.other and rathel', never Ernie, not even attar Eml. Pyle had beeo.. a ramoul naM. According to Le. G. lillor's StorY of )'n1. PYl"l

Ernio'. boyhood wa' not unlike that of thousand. of Indiana tar. boy.! he Uk.d .tori•• and loud to have h13 IDthor and Aunt Mary re.d to hi.. Marie, hi, mother, vas More artieu­

t late than Will, his rather, and more senattive to Ern••t • moods, vblch then, .a later, ranC8d trom exuberance to moodi­ n.... She had no intent10n of .poiling her child 3u.t be­ cause he va. her onl,. child, aDd her tenderne•• vas without ••ntillent.Uty toward hill. Sho had • roady lauch, but her tongue and punl.hllent could be quite ••vttre. Mrs. Pyle"

~unlshment. vere so ,.vere in ract that thirty years after­ ward. Ernie reoalled 80 vtvidly tva time. that hi_ mother

IMiller, op. cit., P' 5. 4 5 vhlpped hlm that he vrote ot It.2

During the year. Ernest Pyle vas erov1ng up ~. vas known, not as "Ernie" but a9 "Shag." Ernie'. golden-red hair Va. alloved to grov untll he va' threa or tour and Wlll Bale., • aan who lived down the road, lave h1nl th8 name flShag" 3 to describe hi. appearanee, and "Shag" it val tor years. A_ "Shag," he vent to Sunday school regularly, at the little Methodist Church where he had been baptizec.1. As "Shal" he vent tiahinc and umudcrav11na:" in the tinT 11arlckll that ran through the pasture haIr a mlle or so trom tha Pyl.'. hom•• In 1906 Erni. entered sohool at Dana. He t.lt sutto­ oatingly s.lt-conscious amone tho town-boys ot Dana but l.s. self-conscious the following year when he va' able to attend the Dew consolidated lenool. Hi, school d." vere similar to the .ohool days ot tho a.,.rage boy, and 11ke mo.t ....n boy. he had a b.st rri",d, thad Hooker. "We tlvught the vorld would end if ve didn't see each athlr eyery daY,"~ Erni_ wrote later. Again lIke mOlt small boys, Ernie vas a1vays ready for • prank and it there were any repereu.siona hi8 air ot trail innocence ~ually turned suspioion avar. Because ot his alight physique, hoveYer, he did not participate in .~ort•• Ernie vas a lood student. Hil oyer-all a.eraae in the eighth grade vas 90.9.~ H. did aore however than study. H.

2Ibid•• p. 6. 3.lJl!g,•• p• 7. ..l.l!M. , p. 8. 5.lJl!g,• 6 took part in various achool activlti•• and halped at homa on

tha fa~. De.pita hi••i.o ha ploved tha .oil behind thraa horaaa, huntad rabbit. vith hi. constant companlon, a dog, hap; d laarnad to drive a car. About thb ti_, ha and Thad l.arned to • oke, aecretively. roie, upon carelessly leanina bi. corn cob pipe on a window sIll, va. discovered by hi. ther, who remarked, "I see you're smoking DQV_"6 That vas all that va' avar .aid about it. Tbe even tesper or tne school daya v•• shattered when a yaar befora Ernla'a graduation tha Dnited Stataa doclarad "ar on aorlll&l1y. Ernia vantad badly to gat into tho var, partlcularly oftor hi. bo.t friand, Thad, had latt tor tha arlJ:T. At t'le CODD811Cellent ex.rel••• '-there was an empty tlAl-drapad chair on tho .taga tor hi.. I could hardly baar to CO to co.-nc...nt, I va••0 a:Jbalied 1 v••nlt 1n t'- artG7, too,"? Erni. val heard to lay. Hl. parents, how.ver, in­ .1atad that ha graduato, but lamodlatoly attar graduation ha went to PeorIa, rilino!a, where he enrolled 1n the naval re­ serve. AI a reservist, he va. lent to the University ot

Illinola at Cba~palgn tor proliainsry training and va. about

to 1II0Ye on to the Gr.at Lake. Haval Traln1nc Station when the ar l.tle. val .laned. It could ba .aid that it va. a graan and dittidant youth vho In 1919 .aid good-by to tha t.r. and vant to 7 Bloo~ington to enroll at Indiana Univeraity. Time. had ehanced Iinee Ernie', tather's boyhood. when an eight grade education v •• above a••rage for a country boy- Ernie had little idee what he should study at the University; he did not realize that even then he vas an undeveloped letter writer. The one thing that he did realize Wal that he wanted to get away trom farming. ~rnl.'8 tlrat year at co11eC8 vas uneventful and without di.tinction. 8is grades ware neither good nor bad, although he had a keen memory and to~k careful not... He became a good tr1end or the Dean or Men. Dr. Clarence E. Edmondson, and acoording to Mr•• Edmond,on, Ernie "always had a sincerity in his eye. that made you fo rget that he wa' ho_ly_ n 8 Erni. vrote at the RdlDOnds,nl, "They vere never deans to me. They vere people. We were friend. and I believe they taught me more of what life is about than anybody elS8 in my youth, except my parent•• - 9 As a sophomore, !rnie began to branch out. He en­ rolled ~or his f1rat journall.m course because he had heard that it wal a snap cours., and it waS not long betore he be­ cam. a member or the start of the ooll_a_ PIPer. A eolle.«ue on tha student paper, Jack Stempel, later head of tha Uni­ veraity Department ot Journalism, rem••bered that Erni_ vas sen.iti.e and shy in those days, but that these qualities ha soucht to hide under a hard-boiled manner. Erni. first

8Jill., p. 14. 9Ibid • 8 consld.l'.~ journalism juat another course. tor his dr••• or the future vas to traYsl, not .s • reporter but as an adven­ turer. ie did, hoy.ver, show an aptitUde for journall.m, de­ spite the fact that older hand, on the collec, paper con­ 'idered his vritinc too simple. Durinc hi. junior year at collece, Ernie had maD1 activities, although many people heve 'ince stated that he va' not particularly intere.ted in vhat he va. doing in ooll••e, either socially or academioally. n. was ottentla., carried to tho heights or to til0 del_ t os in a kind of poet! c ladnea.. But 1n spite or hill uneven dill,olltlon, Irni. be­ cam. city editor ot the Ichool paper, vas a member or SIgma Alpha Ep'il,on frot,rnity and .a' beginning to be a nbiC man on campus.nlO He fell in love vith a pretty red-haired coed, Karriet Davidson. And, in spite of hi. activitie" he Ve. doing '0 veIl ,chola.ticolly that he va. excu.ed from mid­ t.r~ examlnattons, .0 that he could work full-time on the school paper durlna exam week. Erni. belan his senior year as • oampU8 leader. Everybody knev him and liked him although he had nevar been one to vie delibo~ately for place or popularity. He con­ tinued to be devoted to Harriet and even took her to Dana to meet hi. family, but to no avail for Harri,t ,oonefter ..rried enother men. Thi, crushed Ernio', vanity quito badly. Thi' fact, alone with a ,rovlnz .enl. of rastl.sanea., crew too

lOIhia., p. 16. 9 mueh tor Brnie. A rev months berore he Wa' to graduate he, with the underatandln& or Dean Edmond.on, went to work tor the LI Port. (Ind1anl) Her.lg. Ern1e', plrent. vere f1rmly opposed to this, but contrary to their vuhes he wnt to vork It tventy-f1ye dolllr, • veek. Thu" It tho lie of tventy-tvo Ern1e Pyle lert Ind1ana On1Yara1ty v1thout delree. Fcrur month' after Icoept1nl the Job 1n La Porte, Ind1ana, Ernie re,1cned to Iccept a Job v1th the Wl,hinstoQ pUlr N.ws. Th. lI!!a orr.r.d h1m mar. mon.y and Erni. quickly acc.pted. H•••ttl.d down to work 10 I 'habby old bu11d1nl a r.v block. from tho Whit. Houe., vh.r. he re­ ",ioed untll 1935. Editor Lo....ll :ell.tt or the lI!!a call.d Ernie "one of the best desk: ..n anybody ever aave"ll The other Jl!?a.-mKII durin. this tille never dreaMd that quiet, competent, trleD11y Erni. Pyle would ever be famous_ tor he vaa re~.mb.r.d as Ha ,ood man, but not much drlve. ff12 Soonafter Erni. went to work tor the 1!!l!!. he met J.rry, hi' ruture vife, et a d1nn.r 11nn by I collei' rr1end. Jerry WaS Geraldine S1ebolds, a pretty blond, trom Minn••ota_ The second time Ernie met her, both realized that theirs vas to be no caautl acquaintanceship_ Jerry Siebold. va. et­ flcl.nt and popular at h.r job, .xt.rnally po1.ed and calm, Yith a quick wit and a c:raclou. 11111.. Ther. wer. howe....r, d.pth. v1th1o h.r vhere the vater., vh1ch ...... d to .ngulr

11"Ernl. Pyl.'s \Tar," 0p. olt., p. 66. l2Ib1d., p. 68. 10 her, were dark.13 In spite or lerry', noncontormllm and her unconventIonal way., Ibe and Ernie, bee.u.e ot their love tor each other, bee... engaged, aDd v.r. marri.d July 7. 1925. Th.y lived in a crud. apart....t, k.pt pr.tty lI11eh te th.... ••l.es tor a time, but tinally grew restless and eacer to travel. After a period or trav.l they returned to Washington vhere Ernie launch.d what may have baen tho first dailr avi­ ation column 1n thl1 country. It continued tor tour years, and, as hi' acquaintanceship crew, rnle'a apartment came to ba a rallring pl.e. for pilota and thair wivea and othera connected with aviation. Dur1.n& the•• ple••ant years Erni. '. column vas marked by a pr.occupation vith people and "little things," and hIs hours vere hi. own, and Jerry, who had no job, a••mod to find .v.rything ahe need.d in h.r huaband and h.r fri.nda.

In 1932, Bmi...... mad. managing editor of tho ~­ IngtQQ N.w? and thia position took avay tho comparativ. free­ dom of tha aviation daya. Although he ...t tho many roaponai­ bilitlea faithfully. th.y ...eigh.d h.avily on him. A aever. case or influenza vas the means or rellev1n& hia ot thil re­ sponaibility, for a doctor advised him to chang. climat• ...hU. r.cuperating. Accordingly, h. and Jerry drove to C.lifornia. Upon their return, Ernie wrote sou articl•• about

13Kill.r. RR' cit•• p. 3~. 11 this trip wh1eh were la~edlat.ly succ••sful. This experIence eaused Ernie to realize that he would never be ccntented al a !Danaging aditor and he 10 turn c,",vinced hll employers of this. It was then that the editor-1o-chier or the Scrippa­ .!award newspapers, found in Ernie's vacation articles "a Hark Twain quality that knocked my eye out."l~ Consequently Imie vas relieved or hi. editorial job and .hirted to the Scripps­ Howard alliance starr vhare his relationship vith Lee G. Miller. Manacinc ditor, vho was later to become his bio­ crapher. be.u.

lIitb Scripps-Howard Ernie becan ro&lll1ng acain. 'or the next rive years, with Jerry by his side, Columnist Pyle rOYed the h1ahvays of the we.tern K8Mlaphere, cri••crossed the continent 35 t1mes, yore out three automobile. and wrote about anything that took his fancYI soap. dogs, doctors, the art or rolling a cicaret, hotel bellhops, hotel rooms. end hoW to build a picket !ence. And ror most or the tiva 7lJars he worried. He worried about hi. health, about 1nt.rvl.v'1 and Ire'" moody and moro.. when lome Scrlpp.-Hovard paper. railed to print his column every dey. He worried over whether or not he should have stayed on the farm in Dana. Espacially, he worried about his wir.. Durinc this time something went amiss with Jerry. Just what it was, or Vhat va' its caUse vas not readily apparent. She had long sine. C1 ven up t ravaUng wi th Ernie, and vith Ernie Cone, wi th

14"Th. story or Erni. Pyle," op. ci~ •• p. ll+ll. 12 their con.tent contact broken, .na .11pped Into protracted period. of broodinc. The only comt'ort trnt. O)uld receive during this period, ~ben hil vorri•• be.an to mount» vas that hi_ oolumn became Inereaslnaly luccesstul. But as Jerry became more moro•• &nd eccentric, Erni. decided to drop his columna in­ defInitely. In a latter to Scr1pp.-Howard he offered a de­ taIled explanation of what had happened. The fOllow1nl i. an excerpt from this letter ich explaIn. auch of the personal unhappiness Erni' vas sufterins and vas to ~rr.r the re.t of hi. life. I'Ye either iot to take a three-month le.ve or ab.ence or quit my Job. Whichever I do ia up to you. ~t isn't tail' to ask tor that ~oh l.aY' on a oon­ t1nuinl thinl .uch a. a column, 00 1 will wrlta thi. latter on the ba.i. of ra.ilnation. [The edItor of tha paper refused e re.ignation but directed Irnie to take a three month leave vith full pay. The pay Ernie reruaad.] 'lhe decidon i. no naah JUdgment nor dra­ matic ce.ture--Z·ve ~hOught It around tha clrele a mIllion time., and thera i ••imply no altarnatlva. If I all to leave Scrippa-Rovard after 17 yaara of mighty fine a.aociatlon. I thInk 1t only fair to give you the whole story, as much a8 I hate to. For more than ten years Jerry has been a psychopathic c.... In the paat few montha it haa raachad the acute atage. She 1. a dual par.onality, you mIght aay a tr1ple par.on­ allty--one side of utter cbara and captivation tor people .ha care. nothin. aboutl one .1de of c~lty and dishone.ty toward the tew people she does care about; and another side of almost insane melancholT and futility and oyn1cl.m when ahe i. alane, whieh 10 her true par.onal1ty. Sha 10 a .rekyll and Rye! a, and .0 adept at deoeptlvan... that only a fev people know her atate. She frequently get. to vallow!nc in boredom and melancholy and hopelessn••s, and that leads her to progre.s tram normal drlnk1nc to coloss.l drinklnc•••• I hava baen 00 ahattered by the awful .train of carrying on all .uamer, with thia nlchtaare weighing ma dovn, that I hone.tly baliava I could not write a coherent column within two montbJ. I still hope that somethIng can be worked out to allow me to 13 eonttnue with Scripps-Bovard someday vhen the stor. i. o~.r. It my pri~.te lite could be on • normal balil. I love what I'•• b. n dolnl, and believe I'v. done it. veU, and can't plctur. my.ert doIng anythine else. 5

J.r17 spent six ....k. In • hoopl tel end ••••ed to be eonvale»:::in!: nicely \ihen ahe va. brou«ht hOllll. mi. v••

pl••••d vlth her pre••nt reco••ry and felt noth1~ could b. gaIn.d by .xt.ndlng hi. l.an ot ab'.nc.. So U .... 10 thl• • Uuatlon that Erni. Pyl. tOWld hl..el! when h. re.u.ed writlne his coluan. Becau•• Brnie was a protelslonal, he vu shrewd .nough to capitallz. on many ot hI. vorri••, although not on his worry about J.rry. In his column, he kidd.d him••rr,

dramatIZing .~.ry llttl. tr.ility and a1.ad~.ntur.. Hie r ••d.rs loved it. By 19'+0 h. had become a .uter ot the art ot putting p.opl. at th.lr .ao••nd draving th•• out, ob­ s.rving and r.me.bering the .ignttlcant d.tal1 and r.porting

hi. tindings in ~i~ld. tolk.y, readable languag.. However,

llttl. h. hims.rr may he~e susp.cted it, Erni. Pyle v•• g.tting baelc trainine tor hll "great ...ignment. ,,16 It can truly b. said that grnie Pyle stuck by hi. vit. during h.r illn.s.--not trom obligation but trom 10~8. Everything he did Wa. tor her, ••en hi. eivinc her a divorce. qWe tlnally decided on the divorce .1 an 8xperl..nt on the gaabl. that It might shock h.r into a realization that .h.

LSlJUg,., pp. 155-156. 16"grni8 Pyl.'. 'tI.r," ~o~ll".-"C..U...... p. 68. lit had to fac. lif. like othar peopl.. If ah. can r.cain har­

aelZ vithin a ,.ar or 10. v.'ll 11kely to be l'ell&rr1ed,,17 Ernie Itatad. "" proof of hil lovo. Ernie wrote the follovinc letter to JerrT .oon .rter the divorce. My darling, lOY hoart i. br.alcinc. too, but I reel it is only a ..tt.r of ti_ until va aro t~othor .cun--and that tiM. real!)' h.ppy. •••• are too intimately woven together to leparate Our••I.I., really_ And you can do 'What you have to•••• In­ .t.ad or this be1nc a hopeless day tor you, l,tll l.t It b. our flr.t hopeful day 1n yoan. For mv, for the flr.t tlM yon re.l!)' b.vo a co.l to lifbt and vorl< for [the coal bolll& thdr relUrriaceJ. 6 Another proot or rni.'. 10Y8 tor Jerry was hi. con­

stant worry over her, hi' immediate depre'11on oyer t~lr divorce, and his con.tant end.a.er to remarr,y ber, eyen thouch lha had not co.pleteIT re,eloed her.elf. The remarriace h. flnally accompll.hed by proxy when be va. in Borth Afrlca.19 Th1a ..emed to ak. Ernie reel .ollevhat at peace vith the vorld acain even thou,h it val an unhappy fact that Jerry vas never completely vell and still required medical tr••t-

Thl. phe.e of Erni. Pyle'. lif., appear. almo.t ap­ pallincll' intimete, but it ..... v.ry nec•••ary to pre.ant the.e faot. in relatlonship to Erni. Pyle and hi. writ1nc. Ernie Pyle'. ratetul sarr1"I, Vhloh val • paradoxical h.aven and hell, developed it. most unbearable ten.ion., and r.ached

l7·3tory of Erni. Pyl.,' op. 01t., p. 158. l8nu. 19M1ll• r , op. clt., p. 21t1t. 15 its tragic climax aur1ng tne tim. vhan Ern1e vas making hi. reputation at the outstanaing ana b..t-1o....a corrllpondent ot the war. It 1. a ••••ur. of hi. stature that neither the public nor his fel10v corraspondent suspected the strain that ha labored under. Under these circumstances and vorrie., it 1. Quite surprising that Ernie Pyle should feel that ha had a "great aS91a:n:nent." but he did. This aBaleMent was found in hi. vanderings, but this time 1t va. 1n a d1fferent setting. A var vas rag1ng 1n the Pacific ana in Burope. The Unitea State. vas in it and Ernie vas .erving in tho capacity of "conventional war oorrespondent. n20 He had halt a year or recurrent hom••ickness, de­ pression, and 11lnel. betore he was to find, 1n Atrica, a tonic that vould 11ft him out of hi. parsonal hell and help hill dl.cover that he and the American .oldier. vere on l00d terms. Ha vould apend half the night talking vith thea and they thought ot hi'll. ., fl. guy trOll hon" and "a light tor sore eyes. II But the eMilie that really made hi. more than. a conventional war correspondent began Dna day in Atrica when the Pre•• corps was invited to meet an ad.lral. Emi. v&s hurrylnc across an a1rfleld tor the tnterYlev when a swarm or ~erman dive bombera swooped down and splattered bullet. around him. He dived into a ditch ju.t behind a G.I. When the straf1ng vas oyer he tapped his companion an the shoulder

2O-Ernle Pyle's War," 9R. 01t., p. 68. 16 and saId, "Whew, that was c10 ••, eh?w21 There v•• no ~ver.

The soldier vas dead. Ernie lat throueh t~. interview in • daze, vent back: to his tent and br::>oded tor houri. '.nally h. cabled h1. ew York orr1ca that he could not writ. about the admiral. Inst.ad, he wrote .~ut the stranger who had d1.d 1n the d1tch be_1d. hia. or day. he talk.d or g1y1ng up and IOtnc hoae. But, When the ahock: vore ott, he knew for aur. that h1a Job wa' not w1th the gaD.rala but w1th the 11ttl. on. tllM1 druCltore cowboys, clerks end Mchan1al who had DO on. to t.ll th.ir _tor1•••

1 The 0.1. • vere slov to return Pyle'. de.otion. In the r1eld Ern1e, abnor ally 'en_1t1Ye to cold, wrapped hi• •k1nnr rraa. 1n a' many th1ckne•••• or cloth•• a' he could lay h1. hand. on. At r1rat, the G.I.'. plagu.d tho runnr- look1ng 11ttl. man unm.rc1rull1. han the l.tt.r. rrao homa began to arri••, ~.ntlonlna the Pyle column or enclalinl cl1p~1ng. or it. Slowly it d.wned upon the aold1er. that th.y had acqu1r.d a champ1on. Th.ir arr.ct1on gr.w a' th.y saw Erni. rare. h1lllS.U to .har. the1r dang.r. and to ke.p on .har1ng tham, d••p1t. the 1ncr.a.1nc r ••r. that .o~t1eo mad. h1••cream 1n h1_ .l••p and d••p1t. the ract that he could go h~. anytta. h. want.d. Ern1. ap.nt mo.t or h1a t1m••t the rront w1th the 1nfantry. H. wrote 1n h1. column I I lon tha infantry becau,. th.y are the undar­ dogl. They the aud-raLn-rro.t-and v1nd boy.. They 17 ha•• no comforts, and they e.en l.arn to l1.e with­ out the neeesstties. And In the end theT are the CUTS that vare canlt be von wlthout.22 AI John Steinbeck later vrotel There II r ••llT tvo wars and they haven't BUch to do "lth aach othar. Thara 1. the "ar of lIap. and logistics, ot campaieD, ot ballistica, armi.s, dlYl­ .1o~, and re,lmentl--and this ia General ~rahall'. var. Then there 1_ the war ot homellck, wary, f1U1lJ1" Violent, co-.on ••n, Yho v&lh their lOCka in their hal~t., coaplain about the food, Yhl.tla at Arab glrI. or any oth.r sirl. for that ..ttar, and lug th....lv•• throuch as dirty a bUlln... as the "orld ha••var •••n and do lt "lth humor and dignity and courage--and that is n1. Pyl." var. ae knovs it as ".11 as anron. and l1a hal written about lt hatter than anyOll••2j

As lana 8S the war eont1nued. rnt. continued to wit. ot it. He came ho.. occasionally and he even stopped 10DI enouch to recet". the Pulitzer prize tor lIdlatlnrullhed corre­ .pondanc•• ,,21, Thi. h. dld not axpact and 1t JIOv.d 11111 d.aply.

But alva,.. he vent back to the war. II I I m g01111 ai.ply beeauae there t • a war on•••• It. golna beeau.e !'ye cot to and I hat. it.,,25 By thls time, Ernl.'. column "a. balng publi.had ln 1,00 dalll•• end n.arlY 300 " ••kll... Rot only dld Erni. write or tha "ar, ha wrote ln the mld.t of tha "ar. While Ernie vas in the war, he orten _anaced to let up near the front lines, and as • result had aanr forebodin._ that h. " .. 101ng to ba killed in an invasion. H. would

2211The Story ot Erni. fyi_,1t OR. c1t., p. 162. 23 ll.r, OR. cit., p. 279. 21, lill., p. 321. 25·Th• Story or Erni. Pyl.," "o",p..:..--"c"l"t., p. 175. 18

80 at1 •••7, wI'e not comlnc back trom thil 00••"26 But att.r .ach .ucc••arul landing h. r.lt qUIta r.llav.4 an4, atter he vent to the Paclrl0, he •••n wrote his family at Dana that "outside or an accident at 10•• kind I r••l nov that at la.t I hava a pratty co?4 chanca or coaln& throuCh the war allTe. n27

On AprIl 17, 194~, rnla and other corraapond.ntl went aahore to Ie Sh~, an island or tan .~u.r. mil.. where tha Japan... hd Inst.U.d three alrltripl. rha Iliand wu so danceroua Erni. vas heard to lay "I wish I ~r. in Albu­ qUinque, .. 28 which val hil and JerrT'l hOM. 'Erni. planmd. to • panel tha nICht on Ia and go haok to the Ihlp tho next aft.rnoon. PurIne the elay ho talk.d to elouahboyl anel of nc..... ror he wal in hI••l ....nt wIth the Infantry. Hi. r.arl or b.ln& kll1.d hael ahatedl thIUCI looked cood anel he vent to sl••p in a tormer Japanese dUlout. Naxt mornIne, edn.lela,., AprIl 18, grnI. let out wIth Colonel J. B. Coolldce, the cogman4Ing orrlcer or the 30~th Intentry Battalion, another officer and tvo enlisted men in a jeep. AI the jeep rlached a roael junctIon lome hundred or yard••hort or tho villaC. or II, tho chatter or a ..chine cun was heard. The r1va _n bolt.d ror .hallow road.lei. 4Itch.l. ErnIe and CoolldC. were ralrly lar. in the ditch.

26~., p. 176. 27~., p. In. 28 Iller, OR' cIt., p. ~23. 19 Both ralsad thelr head to look around t or the othar.. Whan they located the others, Erni. smiled aDd .'kld, "Are you all rlght?"29 Thosa vara hl. la.t vords. The Japanasa had "lat go"30 again. Whan Colonel Coolldga lDOkad around to ask Ernla hov ha va., ha tound his lylng taca up, daad. !rnla had baan struck in thll latt ta.pla.

Pyle vaa buried a hundred yard. or 80 traa veere the

Ealt Ch1na Se. v••h•• the. shore ~ r. and later Jl.oyed to re.t in ••emorial cemetery near Honolulu. At the ••nlc•• , the naYy. the aar1ne corp.!l and tlw &l'a7 ver. repre.ented, am • corre_pondent ":11' two vere then. Hls pUblic, and Jarry, receIved the neva or Ernie Fyla's daath sadly, but bravely. The raacUon.I aIlS co..-nt. mada, all lndlcated faol1ncs ot parsonal 1088 and dabts ot gratHuda oved Ernla Pyla, tha IWl aIlS tha j ournallst. Co.... ant. expr••• lnc the sentiment ot the A••rlean people war. glvan by dlstlngul.hed Amerlcans and by Pyla" collaaguas. Harry S. Truaan, at that tlma Pra.ldant ot the Unlted states, laid I Tha natlon ls quickly saddanad ae_in [prasldent Roo.avelt had baen daad only su daysj by the death ot Ernla Pyla. No man tn thls var has 80 vall told tha .tory ot tha A..rlcan tlght1ng man as Amerloan tl1ht1ng .an wantad lt told, Ha dasarvas the Irati­ tuda ot all hls countryaan.~l DvlCht D. El••Mower, then. General, .t.ted, "The

29~., p. 425. 30n.!A. 31~., p. 427. 20 G.I.'s in Europe--and that .ans all of us her-e--have lost on. or our b.st and most understaIX11.nc .t'rlmda. ,,32

BIll Y~udltn. cartoonIst-author. put It thla vay. liThe only ditterence betwe.n 8rni.'. t1eath all! tlw death ot any other cood CUY 1. that the other CUT 1. mourned by ht. company. ErnIe 1. mourned hy the arIDy.·33

In addition, there vere many posthumo~ honor., which were accaptod by hll wife. But tho.e people Who knew llrnle Pyle would say probably that the Iroate.t honors liTen hi. va' the Ule ct the vord "buddy· that va' placed on a crude aarker at the site at hi. death. The vords on the marker ere. At this .pot The 77th Infantry DiTlslon Lost a Buddy ERJlIli PYLE 18 April 19lt53lt

32!hll. 33nu. 3lt~•• p. lt28. CHAPTER II

THE WORKS or ERNEST TAYLOR (ERNIE) PYLB

It ha~ been said that daath is navar a complata los., tor lomething 11 alvays latt bahind. In tha cue or Ernia Pyla the "something" latt behind il in the torm ot writing•• Thela Journelistic vritinga latt have had an impact bacausa they ara source book. dealing vith places end peopla and .hoving tha spirit ot man playing hi. rola in adver.ity_ And it is vith tha~e vritinel in book to,.. ot Ernie Pyla that thi. chapter 1s concerned. In .ach ca'. a resume of the book Is given tolloved by the raactions ot tha public and loma ot tha litarary criticI tovard tha book. Undar.tsndably, .ince Pyla waa considered "America's most beloved war correspondent,"l the reviewers occasionally were more incl1ned to review the man than tha book. Ernie !')rla'l tir.t vritings to appear in book torm VaS Ernie PYle 13 Encland,2 vhich VaS pUblilhad in 19~1. This, as is true ot his other books, 10 a compilation troll vriting. that appeared initially in hi. daily navspapar column. Like hi. other work. alia, it portrayed ...11

!th, ~neYclopedla Americana (1955), Vol. XXIII, p. 38. ~rn..t Taylor Pyla. Ernie PYla In Enslen!! (Rav York. :cOill ~cBrida Co., 19~1). 21 22 happenlnl' and oxperlenco. In tho 11.e. at pooplo not u.ually oonsidered n.v.v~rth7. The tnterest that it lnaplred Val Iraat In that lt Ian a plcturo at I!JlIland In 1940, !nIland vlth Its bo~blU1" Enlland at var. In .plto at tho tact that thl. book vas nelthor 11.tod on belt .eller.' U.b nor lilted .1:IOne title. reeOGlended tor publlc 11brary pureha.o, tho crltlc. sov morlt In 1t. o.t ro.lovor. pra1sed frnlo Prl. 1q [gclap4 tor 1t. roadab11ity and tor 1ts undor.tand1n1 at tho 1!n&11sh poople. E. ,. Ulon or tho I.v Yorlt I1!" .totad that IIr. 1'71. ".do craUty1n1 l00d u.. at his tl!o and .lt111 .. an ob.ornr, IlDC! tho mannor In ""lch he ..t. doom hlo tlnd1nI" ob..natl"". and emotional reaotion Is .1 eftectlY••1 it 1. una••umine_"3 Ro.lov1U1 tor to. Blv Yorlt Rora14 trlbyno, Frank ](ol1y 1&1d, ••• Ro [Emio Pyla] ob.or.od tho Brltl.h .cono trom Land.' End to John O'Oroot. and oablod hamo h1. ta­ pra••lon. vlth tho samo pas.lon tor dotal1 and tho qulot humor that mado hlm ono at our bo.t roportor•• Hl. boO~l' a compilatlon at hi. outstlnd1n1 d1.­ patoh••• Her. Is Xoyr !ar,5 Ernl0 Pylo'••ocond book, tlrmly o.tobl1.hod hl! I. a tino journal1.Ue wrlter and a ohamp10n not only at tho 11ttlo pooplo but 01'0 at tho "n who tllht • val'. fhl. book, pubUshed In 19'+3 wlth a IOttlnl In

3N,v York Ii!! 809k H.vloy, August 31, 19'+1, p. 4. 4 ev York Horald Tribyno B90k., Octobor, 19'+1, p. 25. 5Erne.t Taylor Pylo, Rero I. Your at (Nov York' cOllI cBrldo Co., 19'+3). 23 war-torn Atrica, va. ana at hI. most popular books. A,ain,

11l

~Qnthlll Whather he [Ernie !'TleJ 1. writ1ne about the Garllllll machina cunner. deep down in tho rocks, or the dl.­ gruntled tarmer, or the lnfantry mascots or our bomber p1lots and stretcher b••rer., h...&lure. experiencea by hls own clvl1lan yard st1ck. Ue reports the var a' it he vere an uncle ot the boy. he has 5e." vho cot taken along and wants to be aure we understand. •• .6 J. I. Greene reportlng for Dook Kt'k helped explain the popularity ot the book vhen he said t tithe main rea.on .oldlars and clviliana 11ke vhat Ernie vrltes i. Ernie's own participation in all he ••••• "7 Ira W.ltert In bi. rey18w in The Nev R.publlg accused tho tltle, Here Is your Wit, of beine over-ambltlous, but he admltted that "thore 15 mere

6AtlIQt1C ~osthlY, CLXY.II (Dec..ber, 1943), 133. 7»091 Revlev Dlge5t, 1943, p. 667. moat ln the blue plate of our aray ln the Medlterranean than can b. found in any other newapaperJ3a.D'a book that I have read.·a Hr. Walfert pey. a trlbute to Mr. Pyle'. author.hip by the .tat,ment, It?yle's function 1n this book 1. a. the huaan int.r.st r.·ort.r. H. 1•• ~.r7 tin. on'--a hard worj(.r lnderatil_bIe curious, am fond of an enorraous ranc. of people. •• ..9 The Mev "iorIs •.trald TraWl! caU. thi. popUlar book N a mod.at ont, keyed to • quiet pitch and allo very .tt.otlve. ftlO H,r. Is Your ~Ir waa ao veIl r.c.ly.d and ,aT' .uch a vara, under.tandlnc plcture of the lnt.ntrYllOn that fna producer Lelt.r Cowan used it .a the basil tor hi' .ovlna plcture, The Storr of G. I. loa.ll Shortly atter thls, another book wrltt.n by Ernie Pyle va. publl.hed ln l~ and read 1n Amerlca "v1th panl. and v1th Amerlcan prlde."12 The bOOk, Brayt ••n,13 a c~ panton to Hlr. Is Your War In popularity, vas baled on the author'. d1spatches from the Amerlc.n front. ln Slclly and Franoe. Crnl., a. alvay., .hoved hl. partlcular 11ft of

8nev Republic, December 6, 1~3, p. 822. 9~.

lOBev~jXk Herald Trlbupe Wetkll Book RtTlev, October 31, I ,p. 2. ll"!rnl. Pyl.,. Var," OR- cit., p. 65­ 12 Bqok Otylev Dlce.t, l~, p. 6l~. 13xrn.at Taylor Pyl., Bra•• Mep (New Yorkl H.nry Holt and Co., l~). 25" puttlne vords down In cold tTPe--but haylnc It co.a out a. It raally 1., not too .anttaental but "tactual and hU2an."l~ Tha reviewer. ar••ted th11 new book in muoh the lame Yay theY' had. cre.ted hi. earlier books. Brly' Men, Pyle'. aost popular book, val lilted tor .txte.n Ilonths as a be.t .allar and doubla .tarred, .aanine thet 1t vu raco_ndad htChly by tha Standard Cataloc at Public Libraries. The reviewer in the 'ew Yori.r .tatea that Erni. Pyla "ha. not wrlttan a cr.at book I ha has not eyen written a creat vor" at journal1.... Ha has ..rely told tha story as at_ply and .tra1cht torvardly as po..lble, at ona ..,,'. ax­ perlene•• 1n an important • .,..nt In history_"l" Tbi rert.ver tor tho Sprinctiald Rapubllcan "racocnizad tha tact that

Ernla had saan Ilore var than any Ban .hould and that it has vorn htm out. ,,16 Tbe lev York Harald Idbune, also roalb1nc that Irnla took var In conoentretad do.e. attar their erati­ tuda by .tatlne that. ••• M.n in tanks and toxhola. u.ually are too busy to writa ho..... , but vhat ha writa. is vhat thay would wrlta it th.y could. They ara entetul to hill and .0 are folk. at haa., aD! that is Why Ernia 171a i. tha _oat vidaly belayed eorra.pondant ot tha var.17 Attar Braye !ltn vas pUbl1ehad In 1;1'+4, !mia Pyla va.

I~BOOk DeYlav plgest, 19~, p. 619. 15"Nev Yorker. oy...bar 2o, 1944, p. 98. 168~ok Rayiev Dlcast, l~, p. 619. 17nav Yor< Herald Tribyae Weekly Book aYlav, Boyaaber 26. lAA, p. 3. 26

cn another righting Cront wrl tL~g hi. ne"",paper colUllU18. 'rIla Cighting araa VaS tha PaciCic and it vas hara that Ernia's final aceount of the var, entitled Lilt Chlpter,18 va' com­ pos.d. This book, vhich in actuality vas the last chapter of Ernie Pyle'. lIfe, and coy.red the authorla war as.l~nment Crom tha Cirst of hi. Pacific assignmant until tha Japana.a bullat endad his Ufa, vas pUbUshed in 19'+6. In 1

18Ernast Taylor Pyla, Last COutu '"ev Yorl" Hanry Holt and Co., 19'+6). 19l1aw Xork tim.s B~ok R.viaX, Juna 2, 19'+6, p. 3. 27 Pyle'. earlier bookl. The reviewer in Journalism QuarterlY g.ve a favor.bl. COIll:Jl8llt b,Y sayina, "the book [La.t Chapter] is surprislnaly IOod readinC even atter this time, and even it ones shar•• the common revulsion against var booka."20 David Demp.ey, reyiewing tor the Ney lark T1me. said • ••• Compare him [Ernle"] writings with much ot the ballyhoo that p••••d tor war r.porting and you under­ stand haw intrepidly he cut through the conventions ot h i prot.s.l0ll to get st the he.rt and soul ot the war.2 Marcus .outfield in reviewing LIS. t Chapter vas more con­

cerned with ErnIe Py1., the lIl8ll, than wi th the book. In 1!.!lt lork Hersld Tribun' Dutfiold .tsted'

Why w,s Erni. Pyle Amlltriea'a molt beloved war correspondent? H. Ic~r.d no journalistic scoops. Ue was not tlashy like the brash ,Young Britl.h writor for the ~al1y Kall. He dld not interpret the gr.nd strategy lIke Ru.sia's Journalistic ace, the pompous Ilya Ehrenburg. Probably Ernle would not have gotten by in any other country. He va' at home with the•• tightlng man! ho understood the.., ho lo".d the... They loved h1Jll bock.22 The l.st published ot P,Yl.'s work. to dot. conslsts ot a compilation or Pyle'. Scripps-Hovard newspaper columna written durlna the y••rs 193,-19'+0 whon Ernie and hlo wito vera crtsscrossing North America in ••arch or local color material. Th.1 s book has proved to b. a superb Bource book

on America and itl people, not it_ t~ous peopl., but it.

20 10ur9011,m QulrtorlY, XXIII (l~), 333. 21New York Time. Book "evlew, Juno 2, 1946, p. 3. 22 Me" York .•tolcl Trll>U!Ie W,eklY Book Review, Jun. 2, 1910<., p. 4. 28

everyday people who never ~d their n.... in the paper before. Tn1. book, a1.0 published postnumous1y, 1n 1~7, va. tram the standpoint at compos1tion nis esr1ie.t vrit1nc' at pre.ent ti.­ in book torm, and va. appropriata1y entitled lio!! CQuntty.23 Alth0Uiln this book did not sppear on tho but .ellaro list it received favorable comments from orities and was re- '. commendad tor con.idarat1on tor purcha.a by public 1ibrarie•• t Home Country vaS almost unanlm~u.ly applauded .1 • valuable record or ~.rle. and A~.rl0.ns. Bruce Rae. reviewer for the new York Times reports that "Home COuntrr, tell. the I .tory of tlve ywara ot wand_rine acro•• the oontinent, and throughout itl paces the cent1a .p1r1t snd kean percept10ns or the author are constantly aan1t8.t."2~ The reviewer tor I the Onlt.d State. Qyart.r1Y Sookli't qua1iti•• h1. approya1 by atatinl that whil. "the columna, compo.ed when their author vas harried br faticue and hurried by n9wspaper d••dlines , sutfer somewhat in rounded and more permanent torll. n2 5' "The volume .s a whole, 1s a superb source book of ABerie.na, a valuable record of America and Americana, which •••117 sur­ mounts 1t••hortcom1ng•• •26 From the point at Ylav at quantity, the production at

I 23Erna• t Taylor Pyle, Kame Coyqtrx (M.v York. Wi11ia. Sloane A.soctate, Inc., 1947). 2~Kew York I1!!. §ook Bavl.y, June 8, 19~7, p. 26. 25unit.g 8tate. Quart.rlY Bookli't, III (Septo.bo., 1~7), 238. 26~. 29 five book. durlne a writer's 1it.tim. do.s not .eem a remark­ able achi.vement. rnl. Pyle 1n In&lln~, HeT! II Your War, Brave Min, tost ChaRt't, and Do!' Country mu.t be judl,d, however, not on t~ basis ot mer. numbers but on the basi, o! their inttlnoic worth. Both reader. and critlca tecol­ nil.d the intrinsic vorth of the•• tiv. book. as int.rpre­

tationa 01 the co.mon ..n;--th. coamon aan 1n Am.rica, 1n

Enaland, in A!rlca and in the Pacl!lc--and ryn thla ba.l.

judged them worthwhile .c~l'T.m.nt•• ERNIE PYLE. All EVALUATIOll

The contributions ot Ernie Fyle, the journelilt, viII remain fresh in the minds of Americans tor yearl to eo... Hi' vrltln" lIke hi. llr., vas. composite ot deep aoral feellna, ot lymPSthy, underltending and ottection penned in circum­ stances as terrible a. any man has ever created and endured.

Hi. York vas influenced by hi. s1ncere interest In and ap­ preciation ot paople, and thil interelt enabled hia to repert luccel.tully on the phylical, mantal, and apiritual lite ot the averac_ man. All ot Pyle'l bookl are the ouqrovth ot his news­ paper columns. Four are about the var and one I. about hI. crol' country travel. in tho United Statea. Thia latter title, Hom, COuntry, Which ~ value .1 Americana, Is a aelection trom his columns written a. he traY.led in thil country in the 1930'1. Publi.hed pOlthumoully, it vas ven received by the critics. A good reception V&B also g1••0 ~rnie Pyle in Ensland, a chronicle ot lite in England dnrinc the .arly period ot the var vith empha.ia on tha little things in lite and on people seldom written abont. Especially en­ thulia.tio vere the Nev York aerald Tribun. and the lI,v YQrk time. about th.le tir.t vriting. ot Pyle to appear betveen hard covers.

30 31 Host popular of his vrlt1nCI, however, were Brl.' 'D, H.re 11 Xoyr WIl and La.t Chapt,r, Which had not onlr lare,.t r ••dine audieno••, but exc.ll.nt r.vl.~. or these, Bray. Hen app,ar,d on be.t .,ll,r li.t. for .i%$8,n month., Her' Is Xqur

war, tor .l.ven '10 .thai and Lilt CbaRter. tor 11x months. Thi. l.tt,r title, in th, opinion of Bill M.uldin a' cit,d in

his r ••l.v Cor %bt 'atlon, m1&ht ha•• b.en II lreat a. BriT' ~, had Pyl. hims.lf b.en .pared to r.vll' and edit it.

Acc,rdinc to prof.ssion.l critic••nd hi. colleaeu"

• Ernl. prl. va. a ...t.r of the art of vritinc. Hi. wrltlnc• oft.red an 'Ieap. trom the politics at ware be tranlport.d a

bome-tront f ••line to tar plac", place. he illumined with Int.r••tlnc per.onalities, incldent. and .motions. In hil writ1nc1 h. dr...tl••d .9.ry litt1. aisad9.ntur. and r.port.d hl. flndlnCI in 919id, folk'r, r.ad.bl. pro... Durinc the war, Erni. Pyle, 1n hi. unique vay, val a sort ot national

con.cl.nc.. Shortly before h. va. killed II.. ~.,az1D' st.t.d, "If Ernl. P71••hould dl. tomorrow, it would Itl11 b•• long tl.. betor. Amer10ana rarlot Iro1. Pyl.ta war."l In combat Erni. Pyle did di., dl.d With ..n h. lo..d and wrote .boot. H1I writ1nc' r.main, tell1nc "the ltorr or the Am.rican f1ihtinC men AI ' ..rlcan fiCht1nc men wanted it told." For haT1n& done .0, he does d•••rT. "the cratltude or all his e cuntrf'!Mll_"2

lllErnl. Pyle'. War," op_ clt., p. 72. 2 ill.r, OR. oit., p. ~27. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book' Py ml. pyl'· BriT' .n. R.v Yorkl Henry Holt and Company. 19~. Revi.w. app.ar.d int Book W"k, Hoveaber 26, l~, p. 1. Hook11.t, XLI ( ovember 15, l~), 8~. Bo.ton Globe, ~ce.ber 6, 1~, p. 19. Catbo11c World, CLX (January, 1945), 382. Chr1sttan Sct,nc' Monitor, November 20, 19~, p. l~. Current Hi.t0rY, VII (December, 1~), ~93. Ktrku., XII (October I, 1~), 460. LibrarY JOu,rnal, LXIX ( o....bet I, 194~), 935• . aUoD, CLn (.o....ber 25, 194~), 658. ev RepUblic, CXI (December II, l~), 6~. ev~rk ! ..eral<1 Tribune e,klI Book avl.v, tlOY.llber 26, 19 ,p. 3. tv York It.,., November 26, 19~, p. 1. New Yor.er, XX (November 25, l~), 9~. ~'l ~.!l,v or ~lter.ture, XXV!I (Nov.mber 25, 1~ , 7. Spr1ng!leld ~epub11can. Nove.ber 19, 1~, p. ~. Survey GruMc, XXXIII (December, 19~), 506. '11.on Llbrart Bull,t1Q, XL (December, 1~), 159 •

•Includ., source. or review. of indiVidual titl••• 32 33 Ern!' FIle In ngl094. Rev Jorkl cOllI MCBrIde Compeny, 1941. ,Iviewa appeared in: "'v lorl Herold Tribune BoOk!, October 26, 19~1, p. 25. Rev Xork T!m,_, Aucu_t 31, 1941, p. ~.

B..I Is J9I!r liar. R"" lor)" Senry Bolt end COlIIpeny, 1943. R.~l.w. appeared 1n, Atlantlc ,ontn11' CLXXII (December, 1943), 130. ~Qok lei, ctober 31, 1943, p. 1. Q''''l&ll

Willi.. Sloane Alaoetat'. t Inc••

R.views appeared in' ~o9ili.t, XLIII (June 15, 1~47), 329. CbrlttloD Sclenc. Monitor, June 28, 1947, p. 12. tley,lagd Jren Shel!, Boyember, 1947, p. 22. Co;;; onv"l, XLVI (JUDe I', 1947), 31<1. 34 l,w~or4 H.ral~ Tribune Wepkly 800k .vi.w, June 8, 1 r. p. 5- flew York Times, June 8, 1~7, p. 4. SID FranclBco Chronisl., June 1. l~7, p. 11. Ug~l~ Stat., Qyart,rlY BooklAst, III (Sspt.mb.r, 1~7).

WilBQQ Library Byll.tin, XLIII (Jun., 1~7), 96.

Lost ChApter. Jlow Yorl" Henry Bolt and CCBpany, 1946. R.news appeared inl Atltptic, CLXXVIII (July I, 1~6), 144. BQ~llBt, XLII (Kay 1" 1946), 296. BookPtri. VII (Jlovember. 1~), 9. Catholio World, CLXIV (Jsnuary, 1~7). 331. ChrIstian 5ci.no, Mogitor, Juns 4, 1~, p. 12. Journ,liBm CYlrterll. ~III (1~). 332. KIrkU" XIV (April I, 1~), 164. LibrarY JOlU"!lAl. LXXI (Kay H, 1946), 7,7. Nltion, CLXII (Jun. 22, 1~), 754. New ijrl< H.t"ld Tribun' ....kly Book Revie..., June 2, 19 ,p. • U.v York Ii.." Jun. 2, 1~, p. 3. N.... Yorker, xx (June 1" 1~), 9,. ,aturdal R.y1,v or Lit'ratur., ~IX (Juns I, 1~), 13. Wil'9D Library Byll'Si;, XLII (June, 1~). 86.

Berer.ne. S?Urc., Conau1ted • BooS §tvt.v picest, 1~1-1~7. New York. H. W. WilBon. 1 2-1948. CUmy1~iV. ~ok Ind.x, 1941-1954. Wav York. H. W. WilBon, 1 1-19 • 35 Dlo.lnson, As. Don. lht B,.t Boo.o of The c.oade. 1936-1945. ow ~orkl H. W. Wl100n. 1948: ,.sOXs 'Rg Qeneral ~~etatur, Ind,x. 1941-19~7. Nev Y'orlu H. w. wilson, 1 • Hackett, Alic. Nev York:

~aek.tt, Alice Payne. S.e e rs or Be 1 I Supple".,nt to Flfty tears or Beot Seller" Nev Yorkr R. R. B~wker Co., 1952. Hart, Jam.. D. Th. Popylar B09&1 e History of Amorloa'o Literary Taat•• New Yorkl OXford University Pr.IS, 1950.

Standard Catalog tor Publlc Llbrari"1 an Annotated List ot 12,300 Titles wlth a Full Analytloal Indox. New York' H. w. Wilson Co., 1949.

soyto'S of Matetlal, About troie PYle Barnett, Llnooln. "Ernie Pyle," ~, April 2, 1945, pp. 95-10R. "Correspondent Prepares to Resume Ind.ratiiabl. Trav.ls," ~1t!, 1I0vembar 15, 191+3, p. 57. "Dana Boy ~akes Good," ~, June 12, 19~, pp. 64-65. Outfi.ld, Karcus. "Ernie Pyle 111 Africa,"" Nation, November 20, 1943, pp. 89-90. "~rni.," I!!!!, April 30, 191+5. p. 61. "P,rnl. Pyle," lho Enoyglop!dia Amerlgana (1955), Vol. XXIII. "~rnie Pyl.'s War," 1m, July 17, l~, pp. 62-72. "Ernle Shared tho Doughtoot's Lot, gnn to D.oth in a Road­ side Ditoh," Newsw"k, April 30, 19~, pp. 7R-82. Hopewell, Helen J. "Peraonal Karrati••• or World war III An Evaluation and Apprai.al." Unpublished Mastel". papar, Florlda Stata UnlToroity, 1953. Hovey, Graham B. "This 1. Ernie Pyle's War," Nev Republic, Daoamber II, 19~, pp. 804-Q06. 36 J.rr.ll. Randall. "rnl. Pyl•• " atlog. ~~y 19. 1945. pp. 573-576. (unit•• Stanl.y J. and Colby. Vlneta (.d•• ). IvtnU.tb Century Aut~or.. Firat Supplement. New Jork I H. tie .11.on. 195. Li.bl1bl. A. J. "Books "!nut Pyle .t th. styl•• " l!!J! Y~n<.r. S.pt.mber 2. 19S0. pp. 69-73. "~an About the "orlel.".ll!!!.. y 31. 191+3. pp. 44-43. Mauld~p.J Bill. "Erni. Pyle'. Last Book," MatiQn, June 22, l~. p. 754. , Maver, Alan. IIHere'l HO'ti That Hoosier,.. Who N•••r... ~ould Stay Put. Ha. a.oom. Beachhead Bo.v.ll to All9Th. G.I. Joe••" Qu11l• .uIII (May-Jun•• 1944). 6-7. Mill.r. Le. G. Th. S~ory ot Ernl' pyl•• N.v YOI' , Vllking Pr•••• 19 o. Painton, Frederick C. liThe ooaler lAtter 'rlter," SaturdaY EY'n1n& post. )ctob.r 2. 1943. pp. 17. 109-110. "Pyle vas Tired." ·.v.....k. '.pte her lB. 191+4. ~. 67. "Rememberlnc Erni. Pyle," MewJwe.k, Sept. bel' 3, 1945. p. 67. "Rover Bor with a Typewriter," §wsw.sk, February 1" 1~3, pp. 76-1'. liThe Story ot Ernie Pyle, II Reader' D1cest, LVIII (January, 1951). 145-1~0. "Tourist in the Wer Zone." ll!l!. January 13. 1945. p. 50.