Gregory of Nyssa, St. Against the Donatists (400), On the (400-416) Personal: Bishop of Milan (374) On Nature and Grace (415), Homilies Apostolic and post- Fame is chiefly as a theologian , St. Place and dates: (Neocaesarea, now in Turkey) 335?-394 Personal: of Alexandria in 412 of the Writings: Against Eunomius: a defense of the Nicene Leader of the Council of , 431 Creed, Great Catechetical Discourse: a defense of the Instrumental in condemning Nestorianism Christian faith against Jews and pagans, On Faith: a treatise Place and dates: (Alexandria) 376-444 against the Arians, Ten Syllogisms: directed against the Writings: Against Nestorius The term "Apostolic Fathers" applies to certain disciples Apollinarists Against Julian the Apostate and successors of the twelve apostles. In a more restricted Prolific writer sense, the term is applied to a group of Greek-language , St. writers who were among the martyrs and major figures of Personal: Bishop of Milan (374) Gregory I, St. ("The Great") the 1st and 2nd centuries in the Christian Church. Defended the churches of Milan against Arianism Personal: Prefect of Rome in 570 Friend of Monica, mother of Augustine, and finally brought Became a monk in 575 Clement I, St. (Clement of Rome) Augustine into the Church Elected (r. 590-604) Personal: 4th Bishop of Rome Place and dates: (Tier, now in Germany) 340?-397 Enhanced prestige of the papacy Place and dates: r. 92 - 101 Writings: On Faith: a Christian morals manual, On the Upheld Rome's traditional claims of church primacy over Writings: I Clement or Letter to the Corinthians (c. 96): : an exegetical treatise, On the Holy Spirit: an the patriarch of Constantinople earliest piece of literature outside the NT historically exegetical treatise, Composed many hymns Introduced liturgical reforms and Gregorian chant attested; addressed disputes in the Church at Corinth; II Extensive pastoral activity. Clement (a sermon)(c. 140): Clementine authorship , St. Place and dates: (Rome) 540?-604 disputed Personal: Biblical scholar Writings: Moralia: a commentary on the Book of Ordained a priest in 386 Pastoral Care: describes the ideal bishop; instruction on , St. Personal : Martyr for the faith Secretary to in 382 the practice and nature of preaching of Confronted many heresies, especially Pelagianism Dialogues: legends of of his own time Condemned to die by wild beasts in Rome Place and dates: (Stridon, present day Slovenia) 345?-419 Brought from Antioch to Rome and wrote seven letters to Writings: The Vulgate: translated the Bible from Hebrew John Damascene, St. churches and individuals along the way Place and dates: d. and Greek into Latin, 383-384, in Rome Personal: Financial officer to Saracen caliph 110 Resigned in 700 Writings: Letter to Ephesians, Letter to Magnesians,Letter , St. Entered a monastery and ordained a priest to Tralles, Letter to Philadelphians, Letter to Smyrnans, Personal: Ordained a priest in 386 Opposed the Iconoclasts Letter to of Smryna, Letter to Romans Greatest orator of the early Church Place and dates: (Damascus, Syria) 675-749 These contain warnings against heretical doctrines; contain Patriarch of Constantinople in 398 Writings: Source of Knowledge: three part text of detailed summaries of doctrines; and a picture of Church Place and dates: (Antioch, Syria) 349?-407 dogmatic theology in the early Greek church; contains a organization with bishops, presbyters (elders) and . Writings: On the Priesthood, Homilies. complete theological system based on the early Greek First to stress Birth and to use the term "catholic Wrote commentaries, epistles, treatises, and liturgies fathers and synods of 4th-7th centuries church"

Augustine, St. Pope John Paul II Society of Evangelists Polycarp of Symrna, St. Personal: Son of Monica (332?-387) 14818 Ranchero Road Personal: Received a visit and letter from Ignatius Born a pagan Hesperia, California, USA Represented the Church of Asia Minor in meetings with Converted in 387 and baptized by Ambrose Telephone: 760-220-6818 Ordained a priest in 391 FAX: 760-948-7620 Dating of Easter Bishop of Hippo (395) E-mail: [email protected] A teacher of Combated Manichean heresy (conflict of Good and Evil) www.pjpiisoe.org Knew John the Evangelist and other apostles Martin Luther and John Calvin were close students of the Was a disciple of John the Evangelist works of Augustine Pamphlet 183 Place and dates: 69-155 Place and dates: (Numidia, now Algeria) 354-430 Writings: Polycarp to the Philipians Writings: Confessions (c. 400): his autobiography, The Martyrdom of Polycarp (about him) City of God (413-426): great Christian apologia; a theological philosophy of history, Retractions (428): final Unknown Author of the Didache verdict of earlier works, Epistles (386-429), On Free Will Personal: Unknown (388-395), On Christian Doctrine (397), On Baptism: Place and dates: (Syria) 70-110? Writings: Didache ("Teaching"): Writings: Against the Heresies: written against the Writings: On Unity of the : exposition of A compendium of moral precepts, instructions on Gnostics; contributed to the knowledge of Gnosticism the hierarchical organization of the Church organization of church communities, liturgical worship and regulation. Athanasius, St. Personal: Greek theologian Personal: Played a prominent role in the theological Converted from paganism struggle in the Council of Nicea (325) Personal: Surname of , a member of the early Ordained a presbyter Opposed Arius (256-336) who maintained that the Son was Christian church in Jerusalem (Acts 4:36) A teacher of Origen of a different substance from that of the Father, and was Companion of Paul Place and dates: (Athens) 150?-215? merely a creature Did missionary work with Mark (Acts 15:39) Writings: Hortatory Address to the : a defense of Formulated the "homousian doctrine" that the Son of God Place and dates: c. 130 the faith, The Tutor: instruction in manners and morals, The is the same essence of substance of the Father Writings: Letter of Barnabas, Allegorical interpretation of Miscellanies: a discussion of various points of doctrinal Became bishop of Alexandria (328) the Old Testament theology designed to guide the mature Christian to perfect Place and dates: (Alexandria) 293-373 knowledge Writings: Discourses Against the Arians Papias of History of the Arians, Apology Against the Arians, On the Personal: Contemporary of Polycarp Tertullian Decrees of the Nicene Synod Knew of a collection of the "sayings of the Lord" to have Personal: Converted to between 190 and 195 been written in or Hebrew by Matthew Became a presbyter of the Church (197) Place and dates: (Phrygia) 120? Zealous champion of Christianity Personal: Bishop of Jerusalem in 351 Writings: Five Books of Exegeses of the Dominical Profoundly influences later Embroiled in controversy over episcopal duties Oracles. Embraced and became a leader of the Montanists (207?) a Place and dates: (Jerusalem) 315?-387? sect later declared heretical Writings: 23 Treatises: addressed to catechumens and Hermas (Author Unknown) Place and dates: (Rome) 160?-220? newly baptized; some treatises are doctrinal and present the Personal: Little known Writings: Apologeticus (c. 197): his most famous work; a creed of the Church; some are concerned with ritual and Place and dates: (Rome) 140? defense of Christians against pagan charges, On the Claims present a detailed account of Baptism, Eucharist and chrism Writings: Mandates, Similitudes, The Shepherd: a vivid of Heretics: argues that the Church alone has the authority description of early Christianity to declare what is and is not orthodox Christianity, On Basil, St. Baptism Personal: Brother of and a friend of Post-Apostolic Fathers of the Church On Prayer: throws light on contemporary religious The term "Post-Apostolic Fathers" is the name given by the practices Patriarch of Eastern monasticism Christian Church to the writers who established Christian Wrote a rule of the monastic way of life doctrine before the 8th century. The writings of the Fathers Origen Founded the Basilian monks (360) or Patristic Literature synthesized Christian doctrine as Personal: A student of Clement Bishop of Caesarea (370). found in the Bible, especially the , the writings of Ordained a presbyter Place and dates: (Caesarea Mazaca) 329?-379 the Apostolic Fathers, ecclesiastical dictums, and decisions The most accomplished biblical scholar of the early Church Writings: Against Eunomius: written against the Arian of the Church councils. Father of the allegorical method of scripture interpretation leader Eunomius He developed the idea of Christ as Logos or Incarnate On the Holy Spirit: a doctrinal treatise Justin (Martyr), St. Word Moralia: an anthology of verses, Liturgy of Personal: Philosopher, theologian, early apologist, martyr Place and dates: (Alexandria) 185?-254? St. Basil Convert to Christianity Writings: Against Celsus: closely reasoned apologetic Place and dates: (Rome) 100-165 work refuting the arguments advanced by the Celsus, the Gregory of Nazianzus, St. Writings: Apologies for the Christians: erudite defense of first serious critic of Christianity Personal: Bishop of Sasima (371) Christians against charges of atheism and sedition, Took charge of the Nicene congregation of Constantinople Dialogue with Trypho the Jew: a record of an actual , St. where he delivered five discourses on the Trinity that discussion at Ephesus; valuable information about 2nd Personal: Convert to Christianity c. 245 earned him fame as "The Theologian" century Christian Church Bishop of Carthage, 248 Place and dates: (Nazianzus in Capadocia, now Turkey) Irenaeus, St. One of the most authoritative Fathers of the Church 329?-389 Personal: Heard the preaching of Polycarp the disciple of Involved in controversy over treatment of those who had Writings: (Love of the Beautiful): an anthology John the Evangelist left the Church, and those who were baptized by heretics: of the writings of Origen Appointed the bishop of Lyon (177) accepted the teaching of Rome. Place and dates: (Asia Minor) 140?-202? Place and dates: (Carthage) 200-258