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From Sponges (Porifera) Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 161-163 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Short Communication doi:10.3906/zoo-1510-4 First record of water bears (Tardigrada) from sponges (Porifera) 1, 2 Joanna TAŁANDA *, Krzysztof ZAWIERUCHA 1 Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, in Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland 2 Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland Received: 01.10.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 30.05.2016 Final Version: 25.01.2017 Abstract: Aquatic species of Tardigrada usually inhabit submerged plants or sediment but they are also known as associated with other animals, like barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia) or sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). In sponges collected from Lake Ohrid (Macedonia) we found individuals of two tardigrade taxa: Isohypsibius sp. and Dactylobiotus sp. This paper provides the first record of Tardigrada from Macedonia (Lake Ohrid) and is the first report of these animals on sponges. Key words: Dactylobiotus sp., Isohypsibius sp., Lake Ohrid, water bears Tardigrades are minute invertebrates found worldwide 1.6 m near high artificial shore) with attached sponges in aquatic (freshwater and marine) and terrestrial (mosses, were removed from the water and then sponges were lichens, soil) habitats. In aquatic ecosystems tardigrades collected (a sample of all sponges from 3 adjacent stones). usually inhabit submerged plants or sediment (Nelson et In addition, a sample of macroalgae from the bottom of al., 2015); however, they can also be found in association the lake and a sample from the concrete shore on the line with other animals. For example, most species of of water were collected by hand. Samples of sponges and tardigrades belonging to the genus Echiniscoides are found algae were collected and preserved separately. Extraction in association with barnacles (Kristensen and Hallas, of tardigrades separately from each sample involved 1980). Predominantly they are barnacle commensals shaking of the substrate in a solution of formaldehyde, (feeding on algae) with the exception of Echiniscoides taking them out, and then looking through the solution hoepneri Kristensen & Hallas, 1980, which is rather a under a stereomicroscope. After extraction, tardigrades parasite of these animals (for review, see Kaczmarek et were mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium al., 2015). Other parasitic tardigrades are Tetrakentron and then examined using a phase contrast microscope synaptae Cuénot, 1892, found only in association with (PCM) (Olympus BX53) equipped with a digital camera holothurians Leptosynapta galliennei Herapath, 1865, and (ARTCAM 500MI) and using digital imaging software Styraconyx qivitoq Kristensen & Higgins, 1984, found on (Quick PHOTO CAMERA 3.0). The slides are deposited bryozoans (for review see Kaczmarek et al., 2015). at the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Lake Ohrid (oligotrophic and karstic reservoir) Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. is located in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula In total, three individuals of Isohypsibius sp. (Figures (Mediterranean climatic zone) and is shared between 1–4) were found in the sponge sample and three two neighboring countries: Republic of Macedonia individuals of Dactylobiotus sp. (Figures 5–8) were found and Republic of Albania. Its age is estimated as 2–3 both in algae (two specimens) and sponge samples (one Ma (Wagner and Wilke, 2011). So far over 585 animal specimen). species have been recorded in this lake, of which 34% are In the examined individuals of Isohypsibius sp. endemic (Albrecht and Wilke, 2008). important characters of the buccal tube, indicative for Samples were collected in Lake Ohrid in July 2014 defining genera (e.g. Marley et al., 2011), were in poor (41°06ʹ25.94ʺN; 20°48ʹ24.47ʺE) and then preserved in 4% condition. Moreover, characteristics for other closely formaldehyde. Stones from the bottom of the lake (at depth related genera features (e.g., Doryphoribius Pilato, 1969, * Correspondence: [email protected] 161 TAŁANDA and ZAWIERUCHA / Turk J Zool Figures 1–4. Isohypsibius sp.: 1, eyes (arrows) and preserved elements of bucco- pharyngeal apparatus; 2, claws II; 3, cuticular spines; 4, cuticle surface with compacted spines. Pseudobiotus Nelson, 1980, Thulinius R. Bertolani, 2003) Acknowledgments like buccal armature or ventral lamina were absent. The first author would like to thank Jakub Baczyński, We attributed our specimens to the genus Isohypsibius Ludwik Gąsiorowski, Edwin Sieredziński, and Marta Thulin, 1928. Definitive identification of Dactylobiotus Tischer for giving her the opportunity to take part in the sp. specimens was not possible because of the lack of eggs. expedition to Lake Ohrid. This research was conducted Egg characteristics are the most important taxonomic thanks to financial support from the University of Warsaw features in this genus (Binda and Pilato, 1999). (Advisory Board for Students Scientific Movement, To summarize, in this paper we presented the first Committee on Financing of Scientific and Artistic Circles record of Tardigrada from Lake Ohrid and Macedonia on Faculty of Biology). The second author is a beneficiary as well as first observation of tardigrades on sponges. of National Science Center scholarship for PhD No. Porifera may be a new habitat in studies on aquatic 2015/16/T/NZ8/00017. tardigrades. 162 TAŁANDA and ZAWIERUCHA / Turk J Zool Figure 5–8. Dactylobiotus sp.: 5, dorso-ventral view; 6, bucco-pharyngeal apparatus; 7, claws IV; 8, dorsal papilla/gibbosite like structure on the cuticle surface. References Albrecht Ch, Wilke T (2008). Ancient Lake Ohrid: biodiversity and Marley NJ, McInnes SJ, Sands, CJ (2011). Phylum Tardigrada: A re- evolution. Hydrobiologia 615: 103-140. evaluation of the Parachela. Zootaxa 2819: 51-64. Binda MG, Pilato G (1999). Dactylobiotus lombardoi sp. n. Nelson DR, Guidetti R, Rebecchi L (2015). Phylum Tardigrada. In: (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Tierra del Fuego, with a Thorp JH, Rogers DCh, editors. Ecology and General Biology: key to the Dactylobiotus species. Zool Anz 238: 147-155. Vol. 1: Thorp and Covich’s Freshwater Invertebrates. 4th ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, pp. 347-380. Kaczmarek Ł, Bartels PJ, Roszkowska M, Nelson DR (2015). The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada. Zootaxa 4037: 1-189. Wagner B, Wilke T (2011). Evolutionary and geological history of the Balkan lakes Ohrid and Prespa. Biogeosciences 8: 995-998. Kristensen RM, Hallas TE (1980). The Tidal Genus Echiniscoides and Its Variability, with Erection of Echiniscoididae fam.n. (Tardigrada). Zool Scr 9: 113-127. 163.
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