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What Comes Beyond the Standard Models Bled, July 14–21, 2013 i i “proc13” — 2013/12/9 — 15:54 — page I — #1 i i BLEJSKE DELAVNICE IZ FIZIKE LETNIK 14, STˇ . 2 BLED WORKSHOPS IN PHYSICS VOL. 14, NO. 2 ISSN 1580-4992 Proceedings to the 16th Workshop What Comes Beyond the Standard Models Bled, July 14–21, 2013 Edited by Norma Susana MankoˇcBorˇstnik Holger Bech Nielsen Dragan Lukman DMFA – ZALOZNIˇ STVOˇ LJUBLJANA, DECEMBER 2013 i i i i i i “proc13” — 2013/12/9 — 15:54 — page II — #2 i i The 16th Workshop What Comes Beyond the Standard Models, 14.– 21. July 2013, Bled was organized by Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia and sponsored by Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia Beyond Semiconductor / BS Storitve d.o.o. (MatjaˇzBreskvar) Scientific Committee John Ellis, CERN David Gross, KITP Roman Jackiw, MIT Organizing Committee Norma Susana MankoˇcBorˇstnik Holger Bech Nielsen Maxim Yu. Khlopov The Members of the Organizing Committee of the International Workshop “What Comes Beyond the Standard Models”, Bled, Slovenia, state that the articles published in the Proceedings to the 16th Workshop “What Comes Beyond the Standard Models”, Bled, Slovenia are refereed at the Workshop in intense in-depth discussions. i i i i i i “proc13” — 2013/12/9 — 15:54 — page III — #3 i i Contents Preface in English and Slovenian Language :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: V Talk Section :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1 Mass Hierarchy and Physics Beyond the Standard Model I. Antoniadis :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 DAMA/LIBRA Results and Perspectives R. Bernabei et al. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 3 Revisiting Trace Anomalies in Chiral Theories L. Bonora, S. Giaccari and B.L. De Souza :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 22 4 Can We Predict the Fourth Family Masses for Quarks and Leptons? G. Bregar and N.S. Mankocˇ Borstnikˇ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 31 5 On Emergent SUSY Gauge Theories J.L. Chkareuli ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 52 6 Coupling Electromagnetism to Global Charge E. I. Guendelman :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 65 7 Initial Condition From the Action Principle, Its Application To Cos- mology and To False Vacuum Bubbles E. Guendelman and R. Steiner ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 75 8 Neutrino Masses and Mixing Within a SU(3) Family Symmetry Model With One or Two Light Sterile Neutrinos A. Hernandez-Galeana´ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 82 9 Primordial Black Hole Clusters and Their Evolution M.Yu. Khlopov and N.A. Chasnikov ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 107 10 Spin-Charge-Family Theory is Explaining Appearance of Families of Quarks and Leptons, of Higgs and Yukawa Couplings N.S. Mankocˇ Borstnikˇ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 113 11 Small Representation Principle H.B. Nielsen :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 143 i i i i i i “proc13” — 2013/12/9 — 15:54 — page IV — #4 i i IV Contents 12 Towards a Derivation of Space H. B. Nielsen and A. Kleppe ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 171 Discussion Section :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 197 13 Dirac and Higher-Spin Equations of Negative Energies V.V. Dvoeglazov ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 199 14 Some Thoughts on the Question of Dimensions A. Kleppe ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 206 15 Massless and Massive Representations in the Spinor Technique T. Troha, D. Lukman and N.S. Mankocˇ Borstnikˇ :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 212 Virtual Institute of Astroparticle Physics Presentation ::::::::::::::::::: 221 16 Virtual Institute of Astroparticle Physics in Online Discussion of Physics Beyond the Standard Model M.Yu. Khlopov :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 223 i i i i i i “proc13” — 2013/12/9 — 15:54 — page V — #5 i i Preface The series of workshops on ”What Comes Beyond the Standard Models?” started in 1998 with the idea of Norma and Holger for organizing a real workshop, in which participants would spend most of the time in discussions, confronting different approaches and ideas. It is the sixteenth workshop which took place this year in the picturesque town of Bled by the lake of the same name, surrounded by beautiful mountains and offering pleasant walks and mountaineering. In our very open minded, friendly, cooperative, long, tough and demanding dis- cussions several physicists and even some mathematicians have contributed. Most of topics presented and discussed in our Bled workshops concern the proposals how to explain physics beyond the so far accepted and experimentally confirmed both standard models - in elementary particle physics and cosmology. Although most of participants are theoretical physicists, many of them with their own sug- gestions how to make the next step beyond the accepted models and theories, experts from experimental laboratories were very appreciated, helping a lot to understand what do measurements really tell and which kinds of predictions can best be tested. The (long) presentations (with breaks and continuations over several days), fol- lowed by very detailed discussions, have been extremely useful at least for the organizers. We hope and believe, however, that this is the case also for most of participants, including students. Many a time, namely, talks turned into very pedagogical presentations in order to clarify the assumptions and the detailed steps, analysing the ideas, statements, proofs of statements and possible predic- tions, confronting participants’ proposals with the proposals in the literature or with proposals of the other participants, so that all possible weak points of the proposals showed up very clearly. The ideas therefore seem to develop in these years considerably faster than they would without our workshops. In the sixteen years experiments made a large step. Among the most important ones is also the LHC confirmation that the scalar field, the Higgs, is like other fermionic and bosonic fields - just a field. Can it happen, however, as asked by Anatoli Romaniouk, that at the LHC no important (from the point of view to show the next step beyond the standard model) new degree of freedom will be measured since all the so far offered proposals which try to understand the assumptions of the standard model are non realisable at the reachable energy regime or even wrong? But, is the Higgs really one field or just the effective presentation of several scalar fields, what would explain the Yukawa couplings which are unavoidably i i i i i i “proc13” — 2013/12/9 — 15:54 — page VI — #6 i i connected with the question about the origin of families? The answer to these and several other questions is offered by the spin-charge-family theory, predicting the fourth family, coupled to the observed three families, which will be measured at the LHC together with several additional scalar fields. The theory predicts also the stable fifth family, which is the candidate for forming the dark matter. It is reported in this (and also previous) proceedings. The experiments might observe also that the space time is more than 3+1 di- mensional. The supersymmetric extension of the standard model of elementary fermionic and bosonic fields and string theories also “see” more than one scalar field, predicting in addition new particles and noticeable extra dimensions, as it is explained in this proceedings. The experimentalists might trust theoretical predictions much more, if the overlap among different proposed theories would be clearly analysed and recognized. And any proposed theory would be much more trustable if it would not be designed to answer just one of many open questions. There are inventive new predictions originating already in the standard model, such as the prediction that there exist a cluster of twelve top quarks and anti-quarks (or may be members of the fourth family as well) forming a bound state due to the Yukawa couplings, which might explain the Dark matter. And there are searching for the answers to the questions why Nature has made a choice of the observed charges and dimension which might help to make a choice which of proposed theories, offering new steps beyond the standar model are the most trustable. The prediction that there are atoms composed of -2 charged clusters of the fifth family quarks bound by Coulomb force with the +2 charged primordial helium nuclei in nuclear-interacting OHe atoms, which form the dark matter, needs a stable fifth family. At high energy scales cosmology and elementary particle physics start to be inextricably connected. The dark matter had essential influence on formation of galaxies and so might have the primordial black holes. Direct measurements of the dark matter, made in Gran Sasso by DAMA/LIBRA, and presented and discussed at Bled workshops, and of other direct measurements, among them CDMS and XENON experiments also presented and discussed at Bled, although not yet in agreement with each others, but to the organizers under- standing also not in disagreement, might resolve the problem about the origin of the dark matter. We only can understand Nature through theories which are confirmed by ex- periments within experimental inaccuracy. Future experiments will confirm or disprove today proposals and their predictions. But even if not confirmed, new and different ways of looking at the open problems in physics will certainly help to find next
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