Simple Strategies Result in Dramatic Difference in Middle School Student’S Writing
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FOURTH EDITION SIMPLE STRATEGIES RESULT IN DRAMATIC DIFFERENCE IN MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENT’S WRITING These two writing samples were produced by the same student in response to the IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND essay prompt in the Grade 7 Baseline Assessment. Before receiving Step Up to Writing Strategy: Stretching Writing® instruction, the student wrote a basic paragraph with little elaboration. After Paragraphs and Using the Es three days of instruction, the student composed an essay response on the same topic (Elaboration) with considerably more elaboration and explanation. Grade Level of Student: 8th Instructional Minutes/Week: 180 Explanation, Examples, Students learn to elaborate on the key idea using the Es: Class Size: 25 Experiences, Events, Evidence, Expert opinions, Exact information, Effective School: Soulsbyville Elementary, K–8 illustrations and quotations, and Expanding on everyday life District: Soulsbyville Explanation BEFORE STEP UP TO WRITING: AFTER 3 DAYS OF STEP UP TO WRITING INSTRUCTION: Initial Assessment Response In the Icemen Campeth, five boys went camping in Michigan’s Upper The campers in the story had several Peninsula. The campers addressed three of their human needs which human needs. First they had tunnel are Physical, Safety, and Social needs. these human needs are listed from shovels to dig their way into the snow. Maslouis Hierarchy of human needs. Maslouis Hierarchy is a chain from basic The campers had different type of to advanced human needs. clothing, waterproof jackets and pants, First of all the five boys addressed their physical needs. The first need is bringing wool sweaters. They also had food food to eat. The campers brought canned beans to eat, and hot cocoa to drink. supplies. A good thing that they had was They built Quinzee huts for shelter. The huts had air and warmth. They got their warm sleeping bag If you want to stay air from a vent hole in the roof. they kept warm by having good sleeping bags warm and dry, you need to build a proper and heavy close. shelter and it stabled correctly. Try not to Examples where cotton because it will take in water After that, they addressed Safety needs. Shelter is a good safety need because and can cause hypothermia. it protects you from the outside. The hut they were using was called a Quinzee hut. it was a 10 by 8 foot mound of snow, hollowed out with a underground entrance. Other safety needs is having proper clothing, NO COTTON, warm sleeping bag, and having tools in a backpack. Explanation Finally social needs. Social needs can be useful while camping with friends. The campers hung out by the fire in the snow. They drank hot cocoa because they were cold and tired to stay warm. The five boys worked together and built five Quinzee huts so they didn’t have to build them in the dark and in the cold. The Iceman Campeth taught me a lot about ice camping. How like Quinzee huts are hollowed out hounds of snow with a underground entrance. In safety needs it taught me that wearing cotton absorbers water and takes your body heat away. Also safety showed me that they blocked the entrance with their backpack from the outside. From my point of view, try going ice camping when it snows in your town. Examples Experiences www.voyagersopris.com/stepuptowriting Teach the Es Across Grade Levels to Dramatically Improve Students’ Writing Visit www.voyagersopris.com/stepuptowriting to watch student testimonial videos and download writing strategies. Permission is granted to reproduce this page for Voyager©2016 Sopris Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Tool E4-18a Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Name: ____________________________________ Date: ______________ The E’s/the Reds in a Paragraph The E’s—The Reds The E’s Are the Reds—Stop and Explain Geckos The E’s add interest to your paper and help your reader understand your ideas. Always Step Up to Writing ask yourself if you have explained your key/star ideas clearly and included enough specific Topic = geckos Geckos come in many colors and examples, or Reds. colors sizes. These lizards have different colors. Types of Elaboration classroom use. classroom — many colors Most kinds are green and brown. Some — spots and stripes have stripes and spots. • Events • Exact information — some change color to hide • Explanations Name:• Examples ____________________________________ Date: ______________ Tool E4-20b Some can even change color to hide • Experiences • Effective quotations The E’s in Paragraphs vs. Reports Informative/Explanatory Writing: Stating the Facts the Stating Writing: Informative/Explanatory from predators. Your informal outline will help you plan and add the E’s. Paragraph Report sizes Geckos also come in different sizes. The Step Up to Writing Henry Ford’s Assembly Line Henry Ford’s Assembly Line — Dwarf Gecko = about half-inch Dwarf Gecko is less than an inch long. But Title = The First Instruments — Tokay Gecko = grow to 14 inches the Tokay Gecko can grow to 14 inches. Topic = Early instruments In 1907, Henry Ford announced that he In the early 1900s, only rich people could wanted to build cars that more Americans afford motor cars. They were complex machines • Grades K–2 There are many kinds of geckos all over P Stringed Harp Conclusion = many kinds of geckos the world. could afford. He knew he needed to speed up that took a long time to build. In 1907, Henry The E’s/The Reds in a Paragraph – Wire thestrings car-making process. He wanted to find Ford announced that he wanted to build cars • Permission is granted to reproduce this page for Voyager©2016 Sopris Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. ways that fewer workers could build more cars. that more Americans could afford. Tool B4-20b Hair strings Tool B4-20b Name: _________________________________________________________________________________________ • In 1913, the Ford Motor Company developed Lute He knew he had to speed up the car- its first moving assembly line to build cars. The – making process. He needed to find ways that Shortcar body parts moved on a conveyor belt. Workers Strong E’s/The Reds • workers could build more cars in less time. Longcould body stay in one place. They could do one task Other factories had tried using assembly lines. • over and over. More cars could be built in less Ford wanted to improve the idea so it would time. In this way, Ford made cars affordable for P Wind Bagpipe work well in a big car factory. Paragraph with Boring Reds Paragraph with Strong Reds more families. – Step Up to Writing Recorder – In 1913, the Ford Motor Company Clown School Clown School developed its first moving assembly line to Conclusion = Many types of early instruments build cars. It moved car parts on a conveyor classroom use. classroom Some people go to clown school to Some people go to clown school to belt. Workers stayed in one place. Each worker performed one specific task over and over learn how to look and act funny. Some learn how to look and act funny. Some again. Soon, the company was making a record clowns use makeup and costumes to clowns use makeup and costumes to number of cars each day. That meant it could look funny. They put makeup on their look funny. They wear makeup to look ©2015 Voyager Sopris Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Informative/Explanatory Writing: Stating the Facts Permission is granted to reproduce this page for Step Up to Writing classroom use. Step Up to Writing • Grades 3–5 Tool E4-18a lower the price. In this way, Ford made cars Informative/Explanatory Writing: Stating the Facts the Stating Writing: Informative/Explanatory faces. They wear funny clothes. Others happy or sad. Some clowns wear baggy affordable for more American families. put on wigs. Clowns at clown school costumes with big buttons. Others wear also learn how to act funny. They learn bright red wigs. Clowns at clown school Step Up to Writing tricks. For example, some clowns throw also learn how to act funny. They learn things in the air. Some turn balloons into fun tricks. For example, some clowns shapes. I think it would be fun to be juggle balls and clubs. Others practice • Grades K–2 a clown. making balloon animals like dogs and cats. I think it would be fun to be a clown. Tool B4-21a Strong E’s/The Reds E’s/The Strong Tool B4-21a Work Cited: “Ford Installs First Moving Assembly Line 1913.” PBS. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014. ©2015 Voyager Sopris Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Informative/Explanatory Writing: Stating the Facts Permission is granted to reproduce this page for Step Up to Writing classroom use. Step Up to Writing • Grades 3–5 Tool E4-20b GRADES K–2 GRADES 3–5 Name: Tool S4-16a Name: _______________________________________ Date: ________________ Tool T4-14a The E’s—The Reds Elaboration—The E’s The E’s are the Reds—stop and explain. The E’s add interest to a paper and Elaboration—the E’s—helps explain and support each key/star idea. Elaboration can include: help the reader understand the paper’s ideas. While writing and revising, • Explanation • Events check whether there are enough of the Reds and if the key/star ideas are • Elaboration • Exact information explained. Check to see if the paper includes specific examples or presents • Experiences • Evidence • Everyday life • Effective illustration enough evidence. • Examples • Effective quotations • Explanation • Everyday life • Expert opinion • Experiences • Expert opinion An informal outline can help organize the elaboration (dashes and dots) for each key/star idea. • Examples • Exact information Title = History of the Bonneville Salt Flats • Events • Effective illustrations Topic = The Bonneville Salt Flats’ composition and flatness draw racers to the Bonneville Salt • Evidence • Effective quotations Flats Speedway.