Female Pelvic Variation, Its Causes and an Analysis of Six Populations
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A Method for Visual Determination of Sex, Using the Human Hip Bone
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 117:157–168 (2002) A Method for Visual Determination of Sex, Using the Human Hip Bone Jaroslav Bruzek* U.M.R. 5809 du C.N.R.S., Laboratoire d’Anthropologie des Populations du Passe´ Universite´ Bordeaux I, 33405 Talence, France KEY WORDS human pelvis; sex determination; morphological traits; method ABSTRACT A new visual method for the determina- identify sex in only 3%. The advantage of this new method tion of sex using the human hip bone (os coxae) is pro- is a reduction in observer subjectivity, since the evalua- posed, based on a revision of several previous approaches tion procedure cannot involve any anticipation of the re- which scored isolated characters of this bone. The efficacy sult. In addition, this method of sex determination in- of the methodology is tested on a sample of 402 adults of creases the probability of a correct diagnosis with isolated known sex and age of French and Portuguese origins. fragments of the hip bone, provided that a combination of With the simultaneous use of five characters of the hip elements of one character is found to be typically male or bone, it is possible to provide a correct sexual diagnosis in female. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:157–168, 2002. 95% of all cases, with an error of 2% and an inability to © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Correct sex identification of the human skeleton is The method proposed by Iscan and Derrick (1984) important in bioarcheological and forensic practice. provides an accuracy level of 90% (Iscan and Dun- Current opinion regards the hip bone (os coxae) as lap, 1983), but it cannot be regarded as equivalent to providing the highest accuracy levels for sex deter- the results found with methods using the entire hip mination. -
Sexing of Human Hip Bones of Indian Origin by Discriminant Function Analysis
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 14 (2007) 429–435 www.elsevier.com/jflm Original Communication Sexing of human hip bones of Indian origin by discriminant function analysis S.G. Dixit MD (Principal Investigator) *, S. Kakar MS (Guide), S. Agarwal MS (Co-Guide), R. Choudhry MS (Co-Guide) Department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College & S.S.K. Hospital, New Delhi, India Received 5 September 2006; received in revised form 6 March 2007; accepted 23 March 2007 Available online 20 July 2007 Abstract The present study was carried out in terms of discriminant analysis and was conducted on 100 human hip bones (of unknown sex) of Indian origin. Based on morphological features, each of the hip bone was rated on a scale of 1–3 for sexing. Twelve measurements and five indices were recorded. The results of discriminant function analysis showed that the acetabular height (vertical diameter) and indices 1 (total pelvic height/acetabular height), 2 (midpubic width/acetabular height) and 3 (pubic length/acetabular height) were very good measures for discriminating sexes. Pelvic brim depth, minimum width of ischiopubic ramus and indices 4 (pelvic brim chord · pelvic brim depth) and 5 (pubic length · 100/ischial length) were also good discriminators of sex. The remaining parameters were not significant as they showed a lot of overlap between male and female categories. The results indicated that one exclusive criterion for sexing was index 3 (pubic length/acetabular height). In comparison with the morphological criteria, the abovementioned index caused 25% and 10.25% increase in the hip bones of female and male category, respectively. -
Alt Ekstremite Eklemleri
The Lower Limb Sevda LAFCI FAHRİOĞLU, MD.PhD. The Lower Limb • The bones of the lower limb form the inferior part of the appendicular skeleton • the organ of locomotion • for bearing the weight of body – stronger and heavier than the upper limb • for maintaining equilibrium The Lower Limb • 4 parts: – The pelvic girdle (coxae) – The thigh – The leg (crus) – The foot (pes) The Lower Limb • The pelvic girdle: • formed by the hip bones (innominate bones-ossa coxae) • Connection: the skeleton of the lower limb to the vertebral column The Lower Limb • The thigh • the femur • connecting the hip and knee The Lower Limb • The leg • the tibia and fibula • connecting the knee and ankle The Lower Limb • The foot – distal part of the ankle – the tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges The Lower Limb • 4 parts: – The pelvic girdle – The thigh – The leg – The foot The pelvic girdle Hip • the area from the iliac crest to the thigh • the region between the iliac crest and the head of the femur • formed by the innominate bones-ossa coxae The hip bone os coxae • large and irregular shaped • consists of three bones in childhood: – ilium – ischium •fuse at 15-17 years •joined in adult – pubis The hip bone 1.The ilium • forms the superior 2/3 of the hip bone • has ala (wing), is fan-shaped • its body representing the handle • iliac crest: superior margin of ilium The hip bone the ilium • iliac crest – internal lip (labium internum) – external lips (labium externum) The hip bone the ilium • iliac crest end posteriorly “posterior superior iliac spine” at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra bilat.* • iliac crest end anteriorly “anterior superior iliac spine – easily felt – visible if you are not fatty • *: it is important for lumbar puncture The hip bone the ilium • Tubercle of the crest is located 5cm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine • ant. -
There Is No 'Obstetrical Dilemma': Towards a Braver Medicine with Fewer Childbirth Interventions Holly M
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications Sociology & Anthropology 2018 There is no 'obstetrical dilemma': Towards a braver medicine with fewer childbirth interventions Holly M. Dunsworth University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/soc_facpubs The University of Rhode Island Faculty have made this article openly available. Please let us know how Open Access to this research benefits oy u. This is a pre-publication author manuscript of the final, published article. Terms of Use This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable towards Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth in our Terms of Use. Citation/Publisher Attribution Dunsworth, H. M. (2018). There Is No "Obstetrical Dilemma": Towards a Braver Medicine with Fewer Childbirth Interventions. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 61(2), 249-263. Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved September 5, 2018, from Project MUSE database. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2018.0040 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology & Anthropology at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. There is no ‘obstetrical dilemma’: Towards a braver medicine with fewer childbirth interventions Holly M. Dunsworth, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Rhode Island [email protected] Abstract Humans give birth to big-brained babies through a bony birth canal that metamorphosed during the evolution of bipedalism. Humans have a tighter fit at birth between baby and bony birth canal than do our closest relatives the chimpanzees. -
Expanding the Evolutionary Explanations for Sex Differences in the Human Skeleton
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications Sociology & Anthropology 2020 Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton Holly M. Dunsworth University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/soc_facpubs The University of Rhode Island Faculty have made this article openly available. Please let us know how Open Access to this research benefits you. This is a pre-publication author manuscript of the final, published article. Terms of Use This article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable towards Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth in our Terms of Use. Citation/Publisher Attribution Dunsworth, HM. Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton. Evolutionary Anthropology. 2020; 29: 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21834 Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21834 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology & Anthropology at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 2 Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton 3 4 Holly M. Dunsworth 5 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Rhode Island 6 7 Running title: Evolved sex differences in the human skeleton 8 9 October 1, 2019 10 11 12 13 Abstract 14 While the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction differ between the sexes, the effects 15 of hormones on skeletal growth do not. -
Human Variation in Pelvic Shape and the Effects of Climate and Past
Human variation in pelvic shape and the effects of climate and past population history Lia Betti Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK. Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)20 8392 3650 Running title: pelvic variation, climate and genetic drift ABSTRACT The human pelvis is often described as an evolutionary compromise (obstetrical dilemma) between the requirements of efficient bipedal locomotion and safe parturition of a highly encephalized neonate, that has led to a tight fit between the birth canal and the head and body of the foetus. Strong evolutionary constraints on the shape of the pelvis can be expected under this scenario. On the other hand, several studies have found a significant level of pelvic variation within and between human populations, a fact that seems to contradict such expectations. The advantages of a narrow pelvis for locomotion have recently been challenged, suggesting that the tight cephalo-pelvic fit might not stem from the hypothesized obstetrical dilemma. Moreover, the human pelvis appears to be under lower constraints and to have relatively higher evolvability than other closely related primates. These recent findings substantially change the way in which we interpret variation in the human pelvis, and help make sense of the high diversity in pelvic shape observed within and among modern populations. A lower magnitude of covariance between functionally important regions ensured that a wide range of morphological variation was available within populations, enabling natural selection to generate pelvic variation between populations living in different environments. -
Pelvic Walls, Joints, Vessels & Nerves
Reproductive System LECTURE: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DONE BY: ABDULLAH BIN SAEED ♣ MAJED ALASHEIKH REVIEWED BY: ASHWAG ALHARBI If there is any mistake or suggestions please feel free to contact us: [email protected] Both - Black Male Notes - BLUE Female Notes - GREEN Explanation and additional notes - ORANGE Very Important note - Red Objectives: At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: 1- Describe the anatomy of the pelvis regarding ( bones, joints & muscles) 2- Describe the boundaries and subdivisions of the pelvis. 3- Differentiate the different types of the female pelvis. 4-Describe the pelvic walls & floor. 5- Describe the components & function of the pelvic diaphragm. 6- List the arterial & nerve supply. 7- List the lymph & venous drainage of the pelvis. Mind map: Pelvis Pelvic Pelvic bones True Pelvis walls Supply & joints diphragm Inlet & Levator Anterior Arteries Outlet ani muscle Posterior Veins Lateral Nerve Bone of pelvis Sacrum Hip Bone Coccyx *The bony pelvis is composed of four bones: • which form the anterior and lateral Two Hip bones walls. Sacrum & Coccyx • which form the posterior wall These 4 bones are lined by 4 muscles and connected by 4 joints. * The bony pelvis with its joints and muscles form a strong basin- shaped structure (with multiple foramina), that contains and protects the lower parts of the alimentary & urinary tracts and internal organs of reproduction. • Symphysis Pubis Anterior • (2nd cartilaginous joint) • Sacrococcygeal joint • (cartilaginous) Posterior • between sacrum and coccyx.”arrow” • Two Sacroiliac joints. • (Synovial joins) Posteriolateral Pelvic brim divided the pelvis * into: 1-False pelvis “greater pelvis” Above Pelvic the brim Brim 2-True pelvis “Lesser pelvis” Below the brim Note: pelvic brim is the inlet of Pelvis * The False pelvis is bounded by: Posteriorly: Lumbar vertebrae. -
Birth, Obstetrics and Human Evolution
Please take the time to GETSET Log in to SET through Canvas or through your University email. For more information, see: www.auckland.ac.nz/evaluate Reproduction, Birth, Alloparenting, and Life History Evolution ANTHRO 201 2018 Week 11 Lecture 11 Week 11: Lecture 11: Alloparenting and Life History • A review of life history theory and human life history characteristics • A review of changes in relevant aspects of socio- ecology • How are these plausibly related to the evolution of alloparenting among human? Review… • What is life history theory? Can you give a concise definition? • How are life history characteristics linked to aspects of socio-ecology? • Related important question: – How have relationships changed during the course of hominin evolution? Definition of Life History Theory • How do members of a species allocate energy through life to accomplish: • survival to and through their reproductive period • growth and development • maintenance of organ systems • reproduction, and offspring care (if any) • Tasks clearly interlinked and involve trade-offs Common Life History Life History links to Parameters Socio-ecology • Metabolic requirements • Niches • Gestation length • Sizes of home range • Litter size • Anatomy: body size, brain size, • Speed of growth and locomotion, dentition, gut development morphology and patterns of growth • Age at maturity / age at first birth • Diets (quality and quantity) • Inter-birth interval • Social group size and composition • Duration of reproductive period • Intra- and inter-group social • Age -
Rethinking Pelvic Morphological Variation and Its Relation to Parturition Status
Rethinking Pelvic Morphological Variation and Its Relation to Parturition Status Kelly Navickas Advisors: Adam Van Arsdale and Elizabeth Minor Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in the Anthropology Department at Wellesley College April 2019 © 2019 Kelly Navickas “To describe my mother would be to write about a hurricane in its perfect power. Or the climbing, falling colors of a rainbow.” — Maya Angelou In memory of my late mother, Linda Navickas. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful for the many people who have supported me and my work. Without you, my thesis would not have come to fruition. Your advice, guidance, and support have made it possible for me to complete this monumental endeavor. Thank you. To my advisor, Professor Van Arsdale, who introduced me to biological anthropology and continued to encourage my exploration of osteology at Wellesley College. To my other advisor, Professor Minor, who initially guided me through the thesis process and offered her sage advice and consistent encouragement. To the rest of my thesis committee, Professor Karakasidou and Professor Imber, for your insightful comments and valuable feedback. To Wellesley Career Education, who funded my internship at the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology’s Osteology Laboratory and the Office of Archaeological Studies. Without the opportunity to work there, I would never have had the chance to study the Maxwell’s Documented Skeletal Collection. To the Maxwell Museum’s Osteology Laboratory, for allowing me to work with the Documented Skeletal Collection, without which, this thesis would not be possible. To the friends I’ve made at the Maxwell Museum and Office of Archaeological Studies: Carmen, Heather, Ana, Mike, Caitlin, and Anne; who refined my ability in skeletal analysis and provided their constant encouragement in my work. -
Pelvic Wall Joints of the Pelvis Pelvic Floor
ANATOMY OF THE PELVIS OBJECTIVES • At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: • Describe the anatomy of the pelvic wall, bones, joints & muscles. • Describe the boundaries and subdivisions of the pelvis. • Differentiate the different types of the female pelvis. • Describe the pelvic floor. • Describe the components & function of the pelvic diaphragm. • List the arterial & nerve supply • List the lymph & venous drainage of the pelvis. The bony pelvis is composed of four bones: • Two hip bones, which form the anterior and lateral walls. • Sacrum and coccyx, which form the posterior wall. • These 4 bones are connected by 4 joints and lined by 4 muscles. • The bony pelvis with its joints and muscles form a strong basin-shaped structure (with multiple foramina), • The pelvis contains and protects the lower parts of the alimentary & urinary tracts & internal organs of reproduction. 3 FOUR JOINTS 1- Anteriorly: Symphysis pubis (cartilaginous joint). 2- Posteriolateraly: Two Sacroiliac joints. (Synovial joins) 3- Posteriorly: Sacrococcygeal joint (cartilaginous), 4 The pelvis is divided into two parts by the pelvic brim. Above the brim is the False or greater pelvis, which is part of the abdominal cavity. Pelvic Below the brim is the True or brim lesser pelvis. The False pelvis is bounded by: Posteriorly: Lumbar vertebrae. Laterally: Iliac fossae and the iliacus muscle. Anteriorly: Lower part of the anterior abdominal wall. It supports the abdominal contents. 5 The True pelvis has: An Inlet. An Outlet. A Cavity: The cavity is a short, curved canal, with a shallow anterior wall and a deeper posterior wall. It lies between the inlet and the outlet. -
'Comparative Ontogeny of the Hominid Pelvis and Implication for The
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Comparative ontogeny of the Hominid pelvis and implication for the evolution of birth Huseynov, Alik Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-132307 Dissertation Originally published at: Huseynov, Alik. Comparative ontogeny of the Hominid pelvis and implication for the evolution of birth. 2016, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. COMPARATIVE ONTOGENY OF THE HOMINID PELVIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF BIRTH ________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Alik Huseynov von/aus Deutschland Promotionskomitee Prof. Dr. Christoph P. E. Zollikofer (Vorsitz der Dissertation) Dr. Marcia S. Ponce de León (Leiterin der Dissertation) Prof. Dr. Marcelo Sánchez-Villagra Prof. Dr. Carel van Schaik Zürich, 2016 Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................................1 English.................................................................................................................................1 German.................................................................................................................................3 Non-academic audience.......................................................................................................5 -
Neandertal Birth Canal Shape and the Evolution of Human Childbirth
Neandertal birth canal shape and the evolution of human childbirth Timothy D. Weavera,b,1 and Jean-Jacques Hublinb aDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 and bDepartment of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved March 11, 2009 (received for review December 9, 2008) Childbirth is complicated in humans relative to other primates. Tabun’s left pubis and ilium and right pubis, ischium, and ilium Unlike the situation in great apes, human neonates are about the have been preserved. Whether the skeleton originates from same size as the birth canal, making passage difficult. The birth archaeological layer C or layer B is uncertain; thus, its geologic mechanism (the series of rotations that the neonate must undergo age could be closer to Ϸ60,000 or Ϸ100,000 years ago (3–5). to successfully negotiate its mother’s birth canal) distinguishes Although the skeleton’s exact age is somewhat in doubt, there is humans not only from great apes, but also from lesser apes and broad consensus regarding its Neandertal taxonomic designation monkeys. Tracing the evolution of human childbirth is difficult, and female sex (6, 7). The Tabun pelvis was originally described because the pelvic skeleton, which forms the margins of the birth and partially reconstructed by McCown and Keith in 1939 (8). canal, tends to survive poorly in the fossil record. Only 3 female Later, Ponce de Leo´n, et al. (9) attempted another reconstruc- individuals preserve fairly complete birth canals, and they all date tion, but they assumed a priori that Neandertals had a similar to earlier phases of human evolution.