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Home , Sociology of law, Sociology of punishment

of and Area Reading List

University of Toronto – Department of Sociology

2018–2019 Comp Exam List

Introduction

• Students should read all materials not listed in the “recommended” sections. There is no supplementary reading as used in the past; instead, students will be evaluated only based on their knowledge of the required readings. The recommended readings are included so students who so desire can delve deeper into the material of a particular section or sections, refer back to the reading list when assembling syllabi or doing research later in their career, or have a better sense of what else is out there beyond the bare minimum we have assigned in each area.

• Unless otherwise specified, for books assigned, students should read the introduction and select a chapter that sounds interesting to them.

• There are approximately 225 readings; about 22% of which are about the causes of crime, 50% are about criminal (from the to the exercise or experience of ), and about 27% are about the . Note that these three sections should not be thought of as independent sets of readings, but overlapping and artificially sorted on the most obvious categories. Many people often group, or put into conversation, the “” and “”/“punishment & ” readings (the first two sections) while much of the “criminal justice”/“punishment & society” are part of the “law and society” canon (the third section). Finally, as the quotation marks and different names just mentioned indicate, the labels and naming practices for the sections and how they are described here also reflect divisions or disagreements within the field about how to describe or identify this material and should not be seen as set in stone or a definitive statement.

Contents

1 CRIMINOLOGY: The Etiology of Crime 2 1.1 Early Foundations ...... 2 1.1.1 Chicago School and Social Disorganization ...... 3 1.1.2 Labelling, Secondary , and Drift ...... 3 1.1.3 , Strain, Social Bond, , and Self-Control ...... 4 1.1.4 Social Learning and Differential Association ...... 5 1.1.5 Life-Course and Development ...... 5 1.1.6 Rational Choice/ Theory ...... 5 1.1.7 Routine Activity Theory ...... 5 1.2 Topics ...... 6 1.2.1 Women and Crime ...... 6 1.2.2 Youth Crime and Gangs ...... 6

1 2 CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE INSTITUTIONS: Crim- inal Law, Policing, , and Punishment 6 2.1 Classic Theories: Changes in Criminalization+ ...... 6 2.2 Classic Theories: Changes in Punishment+ ...... 7 2.3 New Theories on Changes in Criminalization and Punishment (aka: The Late- Modern Punitive Turn—Causes, Dimension, and Future) ...... 8 2.4 Complexity of Punishment and Penal Trends: Contesting Novelty, Finding Variega- tion and Gaps ...... 11 2.5 New Theories on Changes in Criminalization and Punishment Beyond America, Britain, and Canada ...... 12 2.6 Emerging Theoretical Frameworks of Penal Change ...... 12 2.7 Public Opinion ...... 13 2.8 Policing ...... 13 2.9 Courts: Process, Sentencing, and Fines ...... 14 2.10 Prison Sociology: Classics and New ...... 15 2.11 Prison Sociology*: New Works (*Adapting to a New Context) ...... 16 2.12 Community Supervision and of Control: Parole, Probation, and Reentry 19 2.13 Spatial and Quasi- ...... 19 2.14 Crimmigration and Immigration Detention ...... 20 2.15 Gender and Sexuality in the Criminal Justice System ...... 20 2.16 Consequences for Stratification/Inequality from Policing, Social Control, and Pun- ishment ...... 20 2.17 Ethnographies of the Street: The Lives of the Overpoliced ...... 21

3 SOCIOLOGY OF LAW: The Interplay of Law and Society 22 3.1 Useful Overviews of the Larger Field’s Emergence, Growth, and Other Trends .... 22 3.2 Theories of Law ...... 23 3.3 Legal Mobilization/Disputing, With or Without the Law ...... 24 3.4 ...... 26 3.5 Legal Regulation and Compliance (aka Law and Organizations) ...... 27 3.6 Law & Race + Critical Race Theory ...... 28 3.7 ...... 29 3.8 Law in Transition, , and Other International Works ...... 30

1 CRIMINOLOGY: The Etiology of Crime

1.1 Early Foundations • Beccaria, C. (1764). On and punishments (all)

• Bentham, J. (1791). Panopticon: or the Inspection House. Dublin: Thomas Byrne (all) – NOTE: Bentham was not nearly as influential as people say he was, but he’s in every textbook, probably because of Foucault.

• Rafter, N. H. (1997). Creating Born Criminals. Chicago: University of Illinois Press

2 1.1.1 Chicago School and Social Disorganization • Kornhauser, R. R. (1978). Social sources of delinquency: An appraisal of analytic models. University of Chicago Press Chicago

• Bursik, R. (1988). Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospects. Criminology, 26(4):519–51

• Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., and Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective e?cacy. Science, 277(5328):918?924

• Morenoff, J. D., Sampson, R. J., and Raudenbush, S. W. (2001). Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of urban violence. Criminology, 39(3):517–558

• Stewart, E. A., Schreck, C. J., and Simons, R. L. (2006). ‘i ain’t gonna let no one disre- spect me’: Does the code of the street reduce or increase violent victimization among african american adolescents? Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(4):427–458

Recommended

• Shaw Clifford, R. and McKay Henry, D. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Uni- versity of Chicago Press Chicago:

• Wilson, W. J. (2011 [1996]). When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. Vintage

• Anderson, E. (2000 [1999]). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. WW Norton & Company

• Kubrin, C. E. and Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 40(4):374–402

• Baumer, E., Horney, J., Felson, R., and Lauritsen, J. L. (2003). Neighborhood disadvantage and the nature of violence. Criminology, 41(1):39–72

• Pratt, T. C. and Cullen, F. T. (2005). Assessing macro-level predictors and theories of crime: A meta-analysis. Crime and justice, 32:373–450

• Parker, K. F. and Reckdenwald, A. (2008). Concentrated disadvantage, traditional male role models, and african-american juvenile violence. Criminology, 46(3):711–735

• Hipp, J. R., Tita, G. E., and Boggess, L. N. (2009). Intergroup and intragroup violence: Is violent crime an expression of group conflict or social disorganization? Criminology, 47(2):521– 564

• Stewart, E. A. and Simons, R. L. (2010). Race, code of the street, and violent delinquency: A multilevel investigation of neighborhood street culture and individual norms of violence*. Criminology, 48(2):569–605

1.1.2 Labelling, Secondary Deviance, and Drift • Sykes, G. M. and Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6):664–670

3 • Schwartz, R. D. and Skolnick, J. H. (1962). Two studies of legal stigma. Social Problems, 10(2):133–142

• Goffman, I. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

• Becker, H. (1963). Outsiders. New York: Free Press

• Lemert, E. (1972). Human Deviance, Social problems and Social Control. Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Recommended

• Goffman, E. (1956). The presentation of self in everyday life. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre

• Matza, D. (1982). Becoming deviant. Transaction Publishers

• Chiricos, T., Barrick, K., Bales, W., and Bontrager, S. (2007). The labeling of convicted felons and its consequences for recidivism. Criminology, 45(3):547–581

1.1.3 Anomie, Strain, Social Bond, Social Control, and Self-Control • Merton, R. K. (1938). and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5):672– 682

• Travis, H. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California

• Gottfredson, M. and Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press – Ch. 2

• Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency*. Crimi- nology, 30(1):47–88

• Sampson, R. J. and Laub, J. H. (1995). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Harvard University Press

Recommended

• Cohen, A. (1955). Delinquent boys

• Cloward, R. A. and Ohlin, L. E. (2013). Delinquency and opportunity: A study of delinquent gangs. Routledge

• Pratt, T. C. and Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical of gottfredson and hirschi’s general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38(3):931–964

• Akers, R. L. (1991). Self-control as a general theory of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 7(2):201–211

4 1.1.4 Social Learning and Differential Association • Cressey, D. R. (2012). Delinquency, crime and differential association. Springer Science & Business Media

Recommended

• Akers, R. L. (1996). Is differential association/social learning cultural deviance theory?*. Criminology, 34(2):229–247

• Akers, R. L. (2011 [1998]). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and deviance. Transaction Publishers

• Matsueda, R. L. (1988). The current state of differential association theory. Crime and Delinquency, 34(3):277–306

1.1.5 Life-Course and Development • Laub, J. H. (2004). The life course of criminology in the united states: The american society of criminology 2003 presidential address. Criminology, 42(1):1–26

• Laub & Sampson (2003) Shared Beginnings Divergent Lives

• Giordano, P.G., S.A. Cernkovich an J. L. Rudolph (2002) “Gender, crime and desistance: Toward a theory of cognitive transformation.” American journal of Sociology 107L 990-1064.

1.1.6 Rational Choice/Deterrence Theory • Akers, R. L. (1990). Rational choice, deterrence, and social learning theory in criminology: The path not taken. J. Crim. L. & Criminology, 81:653

• Tittle, C. R. (1977). Sanction fear and the maintenance of social order. Social Forces, 55(3):579–596

• Nagin, Daniel (2013) “Deterrence in the twenty-first century.” Pp. 199-263 in Crime and Justice in America, 1975-2025. Crime and Justice. A Review of Research Vol. 42, ed. By Michael Tonry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Recommended

• Anderson, L. S., Chiricos, T. G., and Waldo, G. P. (1977). Formal and informal sanctions: A comparison of deterrent effects*. Social Problems, 25(1):103–114

1.1.7 Routine Activity Theory • Osgood W, Wilson, J, O’Malley, Bachman J, and Johnston, L (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behaviour. American Sociological review 61:635 ? 55.

• Bernburg,J and Thorlindsson,T (2001). Routine activities in social context :a closer look at the role of opportunity in deviant behaviour. Justice Quarterly volume 18, issue three

• Pratt, C and J. Turanovic (2016). Lifestyle and routine activity theory revisited: the impor- tance of risk to the study of victimization. Victim and Offenders, volume 11, 2016 ? issue three

5 1.2 Topics 1.2.1 Women and Crime • Kruttschnitt, C. (2016). The politics, and place, of gender in research on crime. Criminology, 54(1):8–29

• Jones, N. (2009). Between good and ghetto: African American girls and inner-city violence. Rutgers University Press

• Miller, J. (2008a). Getting played: African American girls, urban inequality, and gendered violence. NYU Press

• Maher, Lisa (1997) Sexed Work. Gender, Race and Resistance in a Brooklyn Drug Market. Oxford: Clarendon Press

1.2.2 Youth Crime and Gangs • Julian Tanner (2015) Teenage Troubles: youth and deviance in Canada (fourth edition).

• Tim Kang, Julian Tanner and Scot Wortley (2017). “Same routines, different effects: gender, leisure and young offending.” Justice Quarterly, published online November 2017.

• Katz, J. and C. Jackson Jacobs (2004), The criminologist?s gang, in C. Sumner (Ed.) Black- well Companion to Criminology, PP. 91 – 1244. London: Blackwell.

• Scot Wortley, and Julian Tanner, Respect, friendship and racial injustice: justifying gang membership in a Canadian city , chapter 12 in Street Gangs, Migration and Ethnicity, edited by Frank van Gemert, Dana Peterson and Inger -Lise Lien (2008).

2 CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN- STITUTIONS: Criminal Law, Policing, Courts, and Punish- ment

2.1 Classic Theories: Changes in Criminalization+ Note: Many of these items are relevant to the L&S sections below.

• Gusfield, J. R. (1963). Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press

• Erikson, K. T. (1966). Wayward Puritans: A Study in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: John Wiley and Sons

• Becker, H. (1963). Outsiders. New York: Free Press

• Cohen, S. (2011 [1972]). Folk Devils and Moral Panics. Routledge

• Chambliss, W. J. (1964). A sociological analysis of the law of vagrancy. Social Problems, 12(1):67–77

• Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., and Roberts, B. (2013 [1978]). Policing the crisis: Mugging, the state and law and order. Palgrave Macmillan

6 Recommended

• Durkheim, E. (1984[1893]). The Division of Labor in Society. New York: The Free Press

• Merton, R. K. (1967). Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press

• Quinney, R. (1964). Crime in political perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 8(4):19–22

• Thompson, E. (1975). Whigs and Hunters: The Origins of the Black Act. New York: Pantheon Books

2.2 Classic Theories: Changes in Punishment+ Note: Many of these items are relevant to the L&S sections below.

• Durkheim, E. (1969 [1900]). Two of penal evolution. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 38:32–61

• Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books

• Rusche, G. and Kirchheimer, O. (1939). Punishment and Social Structure. New York: Columbia University Press

• Hay, D. (1975). , authority and the criminal law. In Hay, D., Linebaugh, P., Rule, J. R., Thompson, E., and Winslow, C., editors, Albion’s Fatal Tree, pages 17–64. New York: Pantheon

Recommended

• Elias, N. (1939 [1984]). The civilizing process. Oxford: Blackwells

• Cohen, S. (1979). The punitive city: Notes on the dispersal of social control. Crime, Law and , 4(3):339–63

• Christie, N. (2016 [1993]). Crime control as industry: Towards gulags, western style. Taylor & Francis

• Foucault, M. (1965). Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. New York: Vintage Books

• Garland, D. (1990). Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. University Of Chicago Press

• Sutton, J. R. (1988). Stubborn Children: Controlling Delinquency in the United States, 1640– 1981. Berkeley: University of California Press

• Rubin, A. T. (2015b). A neo-institutional account of prison diffusion. Law & Society Review, 49(2):365–399

• Grattet, R., Jenness, V., and Curry, T. R. (1998). The homogenization and differentiation of hate crime law in the United States, 1978 to 1995: Innovation and diffusion in the criminal- ization of bigotry. American Sociological Review, 63(2):286–307

7 • Grattet, R. and Jenness, V. (2001). The birth and maturation of hate crime policy in the united states. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(4):668–696

• Frank, D. J., Camp, B. J., and Boutcher, S. A. (2010). Worldwide trends in the criminal regulation of sex, 1945 to 2005. American Sociological Review, 75(6):867–893

2.3 New Theories on Changes in Criminalization and Punishment (aka: The Late-Modern Punitive Turn—Causes, Dimension, and Future) * Risk and Post/Late Modernity

• Feeley, M. M. and Simon, J. (1992). The new : Notes on the emerging strategy of and its implications. Criminology, 30(4):449–474

• O’Malley, P. (2002). Globalizing risk? Criminal Justice, 2(2):205–222

• Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Hannah-Moffat, K. (2005). Criminogenic needs and the transformative risk subject: Hy- bridizations of risk/need in penality. Punishment & Society, 7(1):29–51

Recommended

• Pratt, J. (1995). Dangerousness, risk and technologies of power. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 28(1):3–31

• Braithwaite, J. (2003). What’s wrong with the ? Theoretical Crimi- nology, 7(1):5–28

• Garland, D. (2003). Penal modernism and . In Blomberg, T. G. and Cohen, S., editors, Punishment and Social Control, pages 45–71. New York: Aldine de Gruyter

• Hannah-Moffat, K. (2013). Punishment and risk. The Sage handbook of punishment and society, pages 129–51

* Politics/Federalism/Government & Interest Groups/Lobbying

• Scheingold, S. (1984). The Politics of Law and Order: Street Crime and Public Policy. New York: Longman

• Beckett, K. (1997). Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press

• Beckett, K. and Western, B. (2001). Governing social marginality: Welfare, incarceration, and the transformation of state policy. Punishment & Society, 3(1):43–59

• Barker, V. (2009). The Politics of Imprisonment: How the Democratic Process Shapes the Way American Punishes Offenders. New York: Oxford University Press

• Gottschalk, M. (2006). The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America. New York: Cambridge University Press

8 • Simon, J. (2007). Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear. New York: Oxford University Press

• Page, J. (2011). The Toughest Beat: Politics, Punishment, and the Prison Officers Union in California. New York: Oxford University Press

Recommended

• Savelsberg, J. J. (1994). Knowledge, domination, and criminal punishment. American Journal of Sociology, 99(4):911–943

• Young, J. (1999). Cannibalism and bulimia: Patterns of social control in late modernity. Theoretical Criminology, 3(4):387–407

• Miller, L. (2008b). The Perils of Federalism: Race, Poverty, and the Politics of Crime. New York: Oxford University Press

• Leon, C. (2011). Sex Fiends, Perverts, and Pedophiles: Understanding Sex Crime Policy in America. New York: New York University Press

• Murakawa, N. (2014). The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America. Oxford University Press

• Lynch, M. (2010). Sunbelt Justice: Arizona and the Transformation of American Punishment. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

* Race and Class

• Wacquant, L. (2001). Deadly symbiosis: When ghetto and prison meet and mesh. Punishment & Society, 3(1):95–133

Recommended

• Wacquant, L. (2009). Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity. Duke University Press

• De Giorgi, A. (2006). Re-thinking the Political Economy of Punishment: Perspectives on post-Fordism and Penal Politics. Aldershot: Ashgate, UK

• Gilmore, R. (2007). Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Resistance in Globalizing California. University of California Press

• Eason, J. M. (2017). Big House on the Prairie: Rise of the Rural Ghetto and Prison Prolif- eration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

* American Exceptionalism, History, and Culture

• Whitman, J. Q. (2003). Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishment and the Widening Divide between America and Europe. New York: Oxford University Press

Recommended

• Zimring, F. (2006). The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment. New York: Oxford University Press

9 • Garland, D. (2010). Peculiar : America’s Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

• Campbell, M. C., Vogel, M., and Williams, J. (2015). Historical contingencies and the evolving importance of race, violent crime, and region in explaining mass incarceration in the United tates. Criminology, 53(2):180–203

* Case Studies

• Campbell, M. C. (2011). Politics, prisons, and : An examination of the emergence of “law and order” politics in Texas. Law & Society Review, 45(3):631–665

• Schoenfeld, H. (2010). Mass incarceration and the paradox of prison conditions litigation. Law & Society Review, 44(3-4):731–768

• Schoenfeld, H. (2014). The delayed emergence of penal modernism in Florida. Punishment & Society, 16(3):258–284

• Goodman, P. and Dawe, M. (2016). Prisoners, cows and abattoirs: The closing of Canada’s prison farms as a political penal drama. The British Journal of Criminology, 56(4):793–812

Recommended

• Campbell, M. C. (2012). Ornery alligators and soap on a rope: Texas and pun- ishment reform in the Lone Star State. Theoretical Criminology, 16(3):289–311

• Campbell, M. C. (2014). The emergence of penal extremism in california: A dynamic view of institutional structures and political processes. Law & Society Review, 48(2):377–409

• Reiter, K. (2016). 23/7: Pelican Bay Prison and the Rise of Long-Term Solitary Confinement. New Haven: Yale University Press

* Punishment, Social Control, & Culture

• Brown, M. (2009). The Culture of Punishment: Prison, Society, and Spectacle. NYU Press

Recommended

• Smith, P. (2008). Punishment and Culture. Chicago, IL. and London: University of Chicago Press

* The Future?

• Gottschalk, M. (2014). Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton University Press

• Aviram, H. (2015). Cheap on Crime: Recession-Era Politics and the Transformation of Amer- ican Punishment. Oakland, California: UC Press

• Schoenfeld, H. (2016). A research agenda on reform. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and , 664(1):155–174

Recommended

10 • Simon, J. (2014). Mass Incarceration on . New York: The New Press

• Clear, T. R. and Frost, N. A. (2014). The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and Failure of Mass Incarceration in America. New York: New York University Press

• Dagan, D. and Teles, S. (2014). Locked in? Conservative reform and the future of mass incarceration. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, (1):266– 276

• Phelps, M. S. (2016). Possibilities and contestation in twenty-first-century US criminal justice downsizing. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 12:153–170

• Pfaff, J. (2017). Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration—and How to Achieve Real Reform. Basic Books

2.4 Complexity of Punishment and Penal Trends: Contesting Novelty, Finding Variegation and Gaps • Cheliotis, L. K. (2006). How iron is the iron cage of new penology?: The role of human in the implementation of criminal justice policy. Punishment & Society, 8(3):313–340

• O’Malley, P. (1999). Volatile and contradictory punishment. Theoretical Criminology, 3(2):175– 196

• Pratt, J. (2000b). The return of the wheelbarrow men; or, the arrival of postmodern penality? British Journal of Criminology, 40(1):127–145

• Maurutto, P. and Hannah-Moffat, K. (2006). Assembling risk and the restructuring of penal control. British Journal of Criminology, 46(3):438–454

• Phelps, M. S. (2011). Rehabilitation in the punitive era: The gap between rhetoric and reality in U.S. prison programs. Law & Society Review, 45(1):33–68

• Seeds, C. (forthcoming). Bifurcation nation: American penal policy in late mass incarceration. Punishment & Society

• Goodman, P., Page, J., and Phelps, M. (2015). The long struggle: An agonistic perspective on penal development. Theoretical Criminology, 19(3):315–335

Recommended

• Lucken, K. (1998). Contemporary penal trends: Modern or postmodern? British Journal of Criminology, 38(1):106–123

• Lynch, M. (1998). Waste managers? The new penology, crime fighting, and parole agent identity. Law & Society Review, 32(4):839–870

• O’Malley, P. (2000). Criminologies of catastrophe? understanding criminal justice on the edge of the new millennium. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 33(2):153–167

• Pratt, J. (2000a). Emotive and ostentatious punishment: Its decline and resurgence in modern society. Punishment & Society, 2(4):417–439

11 • Hallsworth, S. (2002). The case for a postmodern penality. Theoretical Criminology, 6(2):145– 163

• Hannah-Moffat, K. (2005). Criminogenic needs and the transformative risk subject: Hy- bridizations of risk/need in penality. Punishment & Society, 7(1):29–51

• Hutchinson, S. (2006). Countering catastrophic criminology: Reform, punishment and the modern liberal compromise. Punishment & Society, 8(4):443–467

• Rubin, A. T. (2015a). The consequences of prisoners’ micro-resistance. Law & Social Inquiry, pages n/a–n/a

2.5 New Theories on Changes in Criminalization and Punishment Beyond Amer- ica, Britain, and Canada Recommended • Super, G. (2010). The spectacle of crime in the ‘new’ south africaa historical perspective (1976–2004). The British Journal of Criminology, 50(2):165–184

• Super, G. (2011). Punishment and the body in the ‘old’ and ‘new’ South Africa: A story of punitivist humanism. Theoretical Criminology, 15(4):427–443

• Super, G. (2016). Volatile sovereignty: Governing crime through the community in khayelit- sha. Law & Society Review, 50(2):450–483

• Pratt, J. (2008). Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess: Part i: The nature and roots of scandinavian exceptionalism. The British Journal of Criminology, 48(2):119–137

• Barker, V. (2013). Nordic exceptionalism revisited: Explaining the paradox of a janus-faced penal regime. Theoretical Criminology, 17(1):5–25

• Chantraine, G. (2010). French prisons of yesteryear and today. Punishment & Society, 12(1):27–46

• Cliquennois, G. and Champetier, B. (2013). A new risk management for prisoners in France: The emergence of a death-avoidance approach. Theoretical Criminology, 17(3):397–415

• Cliquennois, G. (2013). Which penology for decision making in french prisons? Punishment & Society, 15(5):468–487

2.6 Emerging Theoretical Frameworks of Penal Change • Hannah-Moffat, K. and Lynch, M. (2012). Theorizing punishment’s boundaries: An intro- duction. Theoretical Criminology, 16(2):119–121

• Campbell, M. C. and Schoenfeld, H. (2013). The transformation of America’s penal order: A historicized of punishment. American Journal of Sociology, 118(5):1375– 1423

Recommended

• Lynch, M. (2011). Mass incarceration, legal change, and locale. Criminology & Public Policy, 10(3):673–698

12 • Goodman, P., Page, J., and Phelps, M. (2017). Breaking the Pendulum: The Long Struggle Over Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press

2.7 Public Opinion • Tyler, T. R. and Boeckmann, R. J. (1997). Three strikes and you are out, but why? The of public support for punishing rule breakers. Law & Society Review, 31(2):237– 266

Recommended

• Unnever, J. D. and Cullen, F. T. (2009). Empathetic identification and punitiveness: A middle-range theory of individual differences. Theoretical Criminology, 13(3):283–312

2.8 Policing ** See also Ethnographies of the Street section.

• Skolnick, J. (1966). Justice Without Trial. New York: John Wiley and Sons

• Epp, C. R., Maynard-Moody, S., and Haider-Markel, D. P. (2014). Pulled Over: How Stops Define Race and Citizenship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Owusu-Bempah, A. (2017). Race and policing in historical context: Dehumanization and the policing of Black people in the 21st century. Theoretical Criminology, 21(1):23–34

• Razack, S. (2014). “it happened more than once”: Freezing deaths in saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 26(1):51–80

Recommended

• Black, D. J. (1970). Production of crime rates. American Sociological Review, 35(4):733–748

• Herbert, S. (1998). Police reconsidered. Criminology, 36(2):343–370

• Katz, C. M. (2001). The establishment of a police gang unit: An examination of organizational and environmental factors. Criminology, 39(1):37–74

• Willis, J. J., Mastrofski, S. D., and Weisburd, D. (2004). Compstat and : A case study of challenges and opportunities for change. Justice Quarterly, 21(3):463–496

• Grattet, R. and Jenness, V. (2005). The reconstitution of law in local settings: Agency discretion, ambiguity, and a surplus of law in the policing of hate crime. Law & Society Review, 39(4):893–942

• Leo, R. A. (1996a). Inside the interrogation room. The Journal of Criminal Law and Crimi- nology, 86(2):266–303

• Leo, R. A. (1996b). Miranda’s revenge: Police interrogation as a confidence game. Law & Society Review, 30(2):259–288

• Tyler, T. R., Callahan, P. E., and Frost, J. (2007). Armed, and dangerous (?): Motivating rule adherence among agents of social control. Law & Society Review, 41(2):457–492

13 • Bell, J. (2002). Policing hatred: Law enforcement, civil , and hate crime. NYU Press

• Campeau, H. (2015). ‘police culture’ at work: Making sense of police oversight. British Journal of Criminology, 55(4):669–687

• Wortley, S. and Owusu-Bempah, A. (2011). The usual suspects: police stop and search practices in canada. Policing and Society, 21(4):395–407

• Cobbina, J. E., Owusu-Bempah, A., and Bender, K. (2016). Perceptions of race, crime, and policing among ferguson protesters. Journal of Crime and Justice, 39(1):210–229

• Sherene Rasack. 2015. Dying From Improvement: Inquests and Inquiries into Indigenous Deaths in Custody. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

2.9 Courts: Process, Sentencing, and Fines * Processing

• Feeley, M. M. (1979). The Process is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal . New York: Russell Sage Foundation

• Kohler-Hausmann, I. (2013). justice: Control without conviction. American Journal of Sociology, 119(2):351–393

Recommended

• Sudnow, D. (1965). Normal crimes: Sociological features of the penal code in a public defender office. Social Problems, 12(3):255–276

• Friedland, M. (1965). Detention before trial. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press

• Mack, K. and Anleu, S. R. (2007). ‘getting through the list’: Judgecraft and legitimacy in the lower courts. Social & Legal Studies, 16(3):341–361

• Eisenstein, J. and Jacob, H. (1991). Felony Justice: An Organizational Analysis of Criminal Courts. Sage

* Sentencing Disparities

• Lynch, M. and Omori, M. (2014). Legal change and sentencing norms in the wake of Booker: The impact of time and place on drug trafficking cases in federal court. Law & Society Review, 48(2):411–445

• Doob, A. N. and Sprott, J. B. (2007). The sentencing of aboriginal and non-aboriginal youth: Understanding local variation. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 49(1):109–123

Recommended

• Crawford, C., Chiricos, T., and Kleck, G. (1998). Race, racial threat, and sentencing of habitual offenders*. Criminology, 36(3):481–512

• Ulmer, J. T. and Kramer, J. H. (1996). Court communities under sentencing guidelines: Dilemmas of formal rationality and sentencing disparity. Criminology, 34(3):383–408

14 • Ulmer, J. T. and Johnson, B. (2004). Sentencing in context: A multilevel analysis. Criminol- ogy, 42(1):137–178

• Ulmer, J. T. (2005). The localized uses of federal sentencing guidelines in four u.s. district courts: of processual order. Symbolic Interaction, 28(2):255–279

• Johnson, B. D. (2006). The multilevel context of criminal sentencing: Integrating - and county-level influences. Criminology, 44(2):259–298

• Nolan, J. L. (2001). Reinventing Justice: The American Drug Court Movement. Princeton: Princeton University Press

• Mirchandani, R. (2005). What’s so special about specialized courts? The state and social change in Salt Lake City’s domestic violence court. Law & Society Review, 39(2):379–418

• Frohmann, L. (1997). Convictability and discordant locales: Reproducing race, class, and gender ideologies in prosecutorial decisionmaking. Law & Society Review, 31(3):531–556

* Reproducing Inequality Today

• Harris, A. (2016). A Pound of Flesh: Monetary Sanctions as a Punishment for the Poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation

• Cleve, N. G. V. (2016). Crook County: Racism and Injustice in America’s Largest Criminal Court. Stanford University Press

• Lynch, M. (2016). Hard Bargains: The Coercive Power of Drug Laws in Federal Court. New York: Russell Sage Foundation

2.10 Prison Sociology: Classics and New • Sykes, G. M. (1958). The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison. Princeton: Princeton University Press

• Goffman, I. (1961). Asylums. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press

Recommended

• Clemmer, D. (1940). The Prison Community. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston

• Sykes, G. M. and Messinger, S. (1960). The inmate social system. In Cloward, R. A., Cressey, D. R., Grosser, G. H., McCleery, R., Ohlin, L. E., Sykes, G. M., and Messinger, S. L., editors, Theoretical Studies in Social Organization of the Prison, pages 5–19. New York: Social Science Research Council

• Cloward, R. A., Cressey, D. R., Grosser, G. H., McCleery, R., Ohlin, L. E., Sykes, G. M., and Messinger, S. L. (1960). Theoretical Studies in Social Organization of the Prison. New York: Social Science Research Council

• Wheeler, S. (1961). in correctional communities. American Sociological Review, 26(5):697–712

• Ward, D. A. and Kassebaum (1965). Women’s prison: Sex and social structure. Transaction Publishers

15 • Giallombardo, R. (1966). Society of women: A study of a women’s prison. John Wiley & Sons Inc

• Irwin, J. and Cressey, D. R. (1962). Thieves, convicts, and the inmate subculture. Social Problems, 10(2):142–155

• Irwin, J. (1970). The Felon. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall

• Mitford, J. (1973). Kind and Unusual Punishment. Vintage Books

• Jacobs, J. B. (1977). Stateville: The Penitentiary in . Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Irwin, J. (1980). Prisons in Turmoil. Boston: Little, Brown

• Irwin, J. (1985). The Jail: Managing the Underclass in American Society. University of California Press

2.11 Prison Sociology*: New Works (*Adapting to a New Context) Recommended

* Prison Riots and Order—US and UK

• DiIulio, J. J. (1987). Governing Prisons: A Comparative Study of Correctional Management. New York: Free Press

• Useem, B. and Kimball, P. (1989). States of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots, 1971–1986. Oxford: Oxford University Press

• Sparks, R., Bottoms, A., and Hay, W. (1996). Prisons and the Problem of Order. Oxford: Clarenden Press

• Carrabine, E. (2004). Power, and Resistance. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited

* Women’s Prisons in Canada, the UK, and the US

• Hannah-Moffat, K. (2001). Punishment in Disguise: Penal Governance and Canadian Women’s Imprisonment. University of Toronto Press

• Gartner, R. and Kruttschnitt, C. (2004). A brief history of doing time: The california insti- tution for women in the 1960s and the 1990s. Law & Society Review, 38(2):267–304

Recommended

• Bosworth, M. (1999). Engendering Resistance: Agency and Power in Women’s Prisons. Alder- shot, UK: Dartmouth Publishing Company

• Kruttschnitt, C. and Gartner, R. (2005). Marking Time in the Golden State: Women’s Im- prisonment in California. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

• Kruttschnitt, C. and Hussemann, J. (2008). Micropolitics of race and ethnicity in women’s prisons in two political contexts. The British Journal of Sociology, 59(4):709–728

16 * The British Context (and Revival of Prison Sociology)

Recommended

• Jewkes, Y. (2005). Men behind bars: “Doing” masculinity as an adaptation to imprisonment. Men and Masculinities, 8(1):44–63

• Crewe, B. (2005). Prisoner society in the era of hard drugs. Punishment & Society, 7(4):457– 481

• Crewe, B. (2009). The Prisoner Society: Power, Adaptation and Social Life in an English Prison. Oxford: Oxford University Press

• Crewe, B. (2011). Depth, weight, tightness: Revisiting the pains of imprisonment. Punishment & Society, 13(5):509–529

• Crewe, B., Warr, J., Bennett, P., and Smith, A. (2014b). The emotional of prison life. Theoretical Criminology, 18(1):56–74

• Crewe, B., Liebling, A., and Hulley, S. (2014a). Heavy–light, absent–present: Rethinking the ‘weight’ of imprisonment. The British Journal of Sociology, 65(3):387–410

• Crewe, B., Liebling, A., and Hulley, S. (2015). Staff-prisoner relationships, staff profession- alism, and the use of authority in public- and private-sector prisons. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(2):309–344

• Liebling, A. (2000). Prison officers, policing and the use of discretion. Theoretical Criminology, 4(3):333–357

• Liebling, A. (2004). Prisons and their Moral Performance. Oxford: Oxford University Press

• Liebling, A. (2011). Moral performance, inhuman and degrading treatment and prison pain. Punishment & Society, 13(5):530–550

* Other Countries

Recommended

• Piacentini, L. (2004). Penal identities in Russian prison colonies. Punishment & Society, 6(2):131–147

• Ugelvik, T. (2011). The hidden food: Mealtime resistance and identity work in a Norwegian prison. Punishment & Society, 13(1):47–63

• Ugelvik, T. (2014). Paternal pains of imprisonment: Incarcerated fathers, ethnic minority masculinity and resistance narratives. Punishment & Society, 16(2):152–168

• Shammas, V. L. (2014). The pains of freedom: Assessing the ambiguity of Scandinavian penal exceptionalism on Norway’s prison island. Punishment & Society, 16(1):104–123

• Ibsen, A. Z. (2013). Ruling by favors: Prison guards’ informal exercise of institutional control. Law & Social Inquiry, 38(2):342–363

* American Examples: Regaining Access

17 • Simon, J. (2000). The “society of captives” in the era of hyper-incarceration. Theoretical Criminology, 4(3):285–308

• Goodman, P. (2008). ‘It’s just Black, White, or Hispanic’: An observational study of racializing moves in California’s segregated prison reception centers. Law & Society Review, 42(4):735– 770

• Sexton, L. (2015). Penal subjectivities: Developing a theoretical framework for penal con- sciousness. Punishment & Society, 17(1):114–136

• Flores, J. (2016). Caught up: Girls, surveillance, and wraparound incarceration. University of California Press – Introduction + Ch. 4

Recommended

• Conover, T. (2001). Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing. Vintage Books

• Wacquant, L. (2002). The curious eclipse of prison in the age of mass incarcer- ation. Ethnography, 3(4):371–397

• Rhodes, L. A. (2002). Psychopathy and the face of control in supermax. Ethnography, 3(4):442–466

• Rhodes, L. (2004). Total Confinement: Madness and Reason in the Maximum Security Prison. Los Angeles: University of California Press

• Irwin, J. (2005). The Warehouse Prison: Disposal of the New Dangerous Class. Los Angeles: Roxbury

• Irwin, J. (2009). Lifers: Seeking Redemption in Prison. Taylor & Francis

• Goodman, P. (2012). “Another second chance”: Rethinking rehabilitation through the lens of California’s prison fire camps. Social Problems, 59(4):437–458

• Goodman, P. (2014). Race in California’s prison fire camps for men: Prison politics, space, and the racialization of everyday life. American Journal of Sociology, 120(2):352–394

• Kennedy, L. (2013). ‘Longtermer blues’: Penal politics, reform, and carceral experiences at Angola. Punishment & Society, 15(3):304–322

• Fleury-Steiner, B. and Longazel, J. (2014). The Pains of Mass Imprisonment. Routledge

• Reiter, K. (2016). 23/7: Pelican Bay Prison and the Rise of Long-Term Solitary Confinement. New Haven: Yale University Press

• Flores, J. (2012). Jail pedagogy: Liberatory education inside a california juvenile detention facility. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 17(4):286–300

• Flores, J. (2013). ‘staff here let you get down’: The cultivation and co-optation of violence in a California juvenile detention center. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 39(1):221–241

* Studies Specifically on Prisoner Resistance

18 • Rubin, A. T. (2015c). Resistance or friction: Understanding the significance of secondary adjustments. Theoretical Criminology, 19(1):23–42

Recommended

• Bosworth, M. and Carrabine, E. (2001). Reassessing resistance: Race, gender and sexuality in prison. Punishment & Society, 3(4):501–515

• Crewe, B. (2007). Power, adaptation and resistance in a late-modern men’s prison. British Journal of Criminology, 47:256–275

2.12 Community Supervision and Ethnographies of Control: Parole, Probation, and Reentry • Phelps, M. S. (2017). Mass probation: Toward a more robust theory of state variation in punishment. Punishment & Society, 19(1):53–73

• Miller, R. J. (2014). Devolving the carceral state: Race, prisoner reentry, and the micro- politics of urban poverty management. Punishment & Society, 16(3):305–335

Recommended

• Simon, J. (1993). Poor Discipline: Parole and the Social Control of the Urban Underclass, 1890–1990. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press

• Werth, R. (2017). Individualizing risk: Moral judgement, professional knowledge and affect in parole evaluations. The British Journal of Criminology, 57(4):808–827

• Robinson, G. and McNeill, F., editors (2015). Community Punishment: European Perspec- tives. New York: Routledge

• McNeill, F., Burns, N., Halliday, S., Hutton, N., and Tata, C. (2009). Risk, responsibility and reconfiguration: Penal adaptation and misadaptation. Punishment & Society, 11(4):419–442

• McKim, A. (2014). Roxanne’s dress: Governing gender and marginality through addiction treatment. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 39(2):433–458

• Miller, R. J. and Stuart, F. (2017). Carceral citizenship: Race, rights and responsibility in the age of mass supervision. Theoretical Criminology, 21(4):532–548

2.13 Spatial Regulation and Quasi-Punishments • Shearing, C. D. and Stenning, P. C. (1984). From the panopticon to disney world: the development of discipline. In Doob, A. N. and Greenspan, E. L., editors, Perspectives in Criminal Law: Essays in Honour of John LL.J. Edwards. Canada Law Book Inc

• Beckett, K. and Herbert, S. (2010). Penal boundaries: Banishment and the expansion of punishment. Law & Social Inquiry, 35(1):1–38

• Zedner, L. (2016). Penal subversions: When is a punishment not punishment, who decides and on what grounds? Theoretical Criminology, 20(1):3–20

Recommended

19 • Davis, M. (1998). Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster. New York: Henry Holt

• Sampson, R. J. and Raudenbush, S. W. (1999). Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Sociology, 105(3):603– 651

• Lynch, M. (2001). From the punitive city to the gated community: Security and segregation across the social and penal landscape. University of Miami Law Review, 56(1):89

2.14 Crimmigration and Immigration Detention • Bosworth, M. (2012). Subjectivity and identity in detention: Punishment and society in a global age. Theoretical Criminology, 16(2):123–140

• Barker, V. (2017). Penal power at the border: Realigning state and nation. Theoretical Criminology, 21(4):441–457

Recommended

• van der Woude, M., Barker, V., and van der Leun, J. (2017). Crimmigration in Europe. European Journal of Criminology, 14(1):3–6

2.15 Gender and Sexuality in the Criminal Justice System • Ricciardelli, R., Maier, K., and Hannah-Moffat, K. (2015). Strategic masculinities: Vulnera- bilities, risk and the production of prison masculinities. Theoretical Criminology

• Borchert, J. W. (2016). Controlling consensual sex among prisoners. Law & Social Inquiry, 41(3):595–615

Recommended:

• Jenness, V. (2011). Getting to know ‘the girls’ in an ‘alpha-male community’: Notes on fieldwork on transgender inmates in California prisons. In Fenstermaker, S. and Jones, N., editors, Sociologists Backstage: Answers to 10 Questions About What They Do

• Sexton, L., Jenness, V., and Sumner, J. (2010). Where the margins meet: A demographic assessment of transgender inmates in California prisons. Justice Quarterly, 27(6):835–866

2.16 Consequences for Stratification/Inequality from Policing, Social Control, and Punishment • Pettit, B. and Western, B. (2004). Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in U.S. incarceration. American Sociological Review, 69:151–169

• Manza, J. and Uggen, C. (2006). Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press

• Phelps, M. S. and Pager, D. (2016). Inequality and punishment. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 663(1):185–203

Recommended

20 • Mauer, M. (2006). Race to Incarcerate. New York: The New Press

• Western, B. (2006). Punishment and Inequality in America. Russell Sage Foundation

• Clear, T. (2007). Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse. New York: Oxford University Press

• Pager, D. (2007). Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Comfort, M. (2008). Doing Time Together: Love and Family in the Shadow of the Prison. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press

• Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York: The New Press

2.17 Ethnographies of the Street: The Lives of the Overpoliced • Anderson, E. (1994). The code of the streets. The Atlantic Monthly, 273(5):80–94

• Contreras, R. (2012). The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence, and the American Dream. University of California Press [Read in its entirety]

• Lee, J. (2016). Blowin’ Up: Rap Dreams in South Central. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Stuart, F. (2016a). Becoming “copwise”: Policing, culture, and the collateral consequences of street-level criminalization. Law & Society Review, 50(2):279–313

Recommended

• Rios, V. M. (2011). Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys. New York: New York University Press

• Contreras, R. (2009). “damn, yowho’s that girl?”: An ethnographic analysis of masculinity in drug robberies. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(4):465–492

• Goffman, A. (2014). On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Lee, J. (2013). The pill hustle: Risky pain management for a gunshot victim. Social Science & Medicine, 99(Supplement C):162 – 168

• Stuart, F. (2016b). Down, Out, and Under Arrest: Policing and Everyday Life in Skid Row. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Flores, J., Camacho, A. O., and Santos, X. (2017). Gender on the run: Wanted Latinas in a Southern California barrio. Feminist Criminology, 12(3):248–268

• James Diego Vigil. A Rainbow of Gangs: Street Cultures in the Mega-City

21 3 SOCIOLOGY OF LAW: The Interplay of Law and Society

3.1 Useful Overviews of the Larger Field’s Emergence, Growth, and Other Trends • Seron, C., Coutin, S. B., and Meeusen, P. W. (2013). Is there a canon of law and society? Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 9:287306

• Abel, R. L. (2010). Law and society: Project and practice. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 6(1):1–23

Recommended

• Savelsberg, J. J., Halliday, T., Liu, S., Morrill, C., Seron, C., and Silbey, S. (2016). Discussion law & society review at fifty: A debate on the future of publishing by the law & society association. Law & Society Review, 50(4):1017–1036

• Morrill, C. and Mayo, K. (2015). Charting the “classics” in law and society. The Handbook of Law and Society, pages 18–36

• Gould, J. B. and Barclay, S. (2012). Mind the gap: The place of gap studies in sociolegal scholarship. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8(1):323–335

• Suchman, M. C. and Mertz, E. (2010). Toward a new legal empiricism: and new . Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 6(1):555–579

• Mather, L. (2008). Law and society. In Caldeira, G. A., Kelemen, R. D., and Whittington, K. E., editors, The Oxford Handbook of Law and Politics, pages 681–697. New York: Oxford University Press

• Seron, C. and Silbey, S. S. (2004). Profession, science, and culture: An emergent canon of law and society research. In Sarat, A., editor, Blackwell Companion to Law and Society, pages 30–60. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing

• Garth, B. and Sterling, J. (1998). From legal realism to law and society: Reshaping law for the last stages of the social activist state. Law & Society Review, 32(2):409–472

• Sarat, A. and Silbey, S. (1988). The pull of the policy audience. Law & Policy, 10(2-3):97–166

• Friedman, L. M. (1986). The law and society movement. Stanford Law Review, 38(3):763–780

• Sarat, A. (1985). Legal effectiveness and social studies of law: On the unfortunate persistance of a research tradition. Legal Studies Forum, 9:23

• Macaulay, S. (1984). Law and the behavioral sciences: Is there any there there? Law & Policy, 6(2):149–187

• Abel, R. L. (1980). Redirecting social studies of law. Law & Society Review, 14(3):805–829

• Feeley, M. M. (1976). The concept of laws in social science: A critique and notes on an expanded view. Law & Society Review, 10(4):497–523

• Trubek, D. M. and Galanter, M. (1974). Scholars in self-estrangement: some reflections on the crisis in law and development studies in the united states. Wisconsin Law Rev., page 1062

22 • Calavita, K. (2010). Invitation to Law & Society. Chicago: University of Chicago – This is really pitched at an undergraduate level, but is an easy enough read and offers another perspective.

3.2 Theories of Law • Black, D. J. (1976). The Behavior of Law. New York: Academic Press

• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The force of law: Toward a sociology of the juridical field. Hastings Law Journal, 38:805

• Valverde, M. (2011). Seeing like a city: The dialectic of modern and premodern ways of seeing in urban governance. Law & Society Review, 45(2):277–312

• Valverde, M. (2015). Chronotopes of law: , scale and governance. Routledge – Chapters 1, 2, and 7

• Tamanaha, Brian Z. A general of law and society. Oxford University Press, 2001. (Chapter 2 is an excellent literature review)

• Liu, S. (2015). Law’s social forms: A powerless approach to the sociology of law. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(1):1–28

Recommended

• Schwartz, R. D. (1954). Social factors in the development of legal control: A case study of two israeli settlements. The Yale Law Journal, 63(4):471–491

• Selznick, P. (1961). Sociology and . Nat. LF, 6:84

• Skolnick, J. H. (1965). The sociology of law in America: Overview and trends. Social Problems, 13(1):4–39

• Black, D. J. (1972). The boundaries of legal sociology. The Yale Law Journal, 81(6):1086–1100

• Teubner, G. (1989). How the law thinks: toward a constructivist of law. Law and Society Review, 23:727

• Trubek, D. M. (1972). on law and the rise of . Wisconsin Law Review, page 720

• Moore, S. F. (1973). Law and social change: The semi-autonomous social field as an appro- priate subject of study. Law & Society Review, 7(4):719–746

• Thompson, E. (1975). Whigs and Hunters: The Origins of the Black Act. New York: Pantheon Books

• de Sousa Santos, B. (1987). Law: A map of misreading. toward a postmodern conception of law. Journal of Law and Society, 14(3):279–302

• Dezalay, Y. and Garth, B. (1995). Merchants of law as moral entrepreneurs: Constructing international justice from the competition for transnational business disputes. Law & Society Review, 29(1):27–64

23 • Dezalay, Y. and Madsen, M. R. (2012). The force of law and : and the reflexive sociology of law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8(1):433–452

• Rose, N. and Valverde, M. (1998). Governed by law? Social & Legal Studies, 7(4):541–551

• Rose, N., O’Malley, P., and Valverde, M. (2006). Governmentality. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 2(1):83–104

• Cotterrell, R. (2004). Law in social theory and social theory in the study of law. In Sarat, A., editor, Blackwell Companion to Law & Society, pages 15–29. London: Blackwell

3.3 Legal Mobilization/Disputing, With or Without the Law • Galanter, M. (1974). Why the “haves” come out ahead: Speculations on the limits of legal change. Law & Society Review, 9(1):95–160

• Mnookin, R. H. and Kornhauser, L. (1979). Bargaining in the shadow of the law: The case of divorce. The Yale Law Journal, 88(5):950–997

• Felstiner, W. L., Abel, R. L., and Sarat, A. (1980). The emergence and transformation of disputes: Naming, blaming, claiming. . . . Law & Society Review, 15(3/4):631–654

• Epp, Charles R. The rights revolution: Lawyers, activists, and supreme courts in comparative perspective. University of Chicago Press, 1998.

• Edelman, L. B. and Suchman, M. C. (1999). When the “haves” hold court: Speculations on the organizational internalization of law. Law & Society Review, 33(4):941–991

• Albiston, C. R. (2005). Bargaining in the shadow of social institutions: Competing and social change in workplace mobilization of civil rights. Law & Society Review, 39(1):11–50

• Calavita, K. and Jenness, V. (2013). Inside the pyramid of disputes: Naming problems and filing grievances in California prisons. Social Problems, 60(1):50–80

• Chambliss, William J. “On lawmaking.” British Journal of Law and Society 6, no. 2 (1979): 149-171.

• Rosenberg, G. (1991). The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change? Chicago: University of Chicago Press – Introduction, Intro to Part I, and Ch. 1-2

• McCann, M. (1994). Rights at Work: Pay Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobiliza- tion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press – Introduction and Ch. 1

• Halliday, Terence C., and Bruce G. Carruthers. ”The recursivity of law: Global norm mak- ing and national lawmaking in the globalization of corporate insolvency regimes.” American Journal of Sociology 112, no. 4 (2007): 1135-1202.

• Chua, L. J. (2012). Pragmatic resistance, law, and social movements in authoritarian states: The case of gay in Singapore. Law & Society Review, 46(4):713–748

Recommended

• Macaulay, S. (1963). Non-contractual relations in business: A preliminary study. American Sociological Review, 28(1):55–67

24 • Merry, S. E. (1979). Going to court: Strategies of dispute management in an American urban neighborhood. Law & Society Review, 13(4):891–925 • Erlanger, H. S., Chambliss, E., and Melli, M. S. (1987). Participation and flexibility in informal processes: Cautions from the divorce context. Law & Society Review, 21(4):585–604 • Ellickson, R. C. (1986). Of Coase and cattle: among neighbors in Shasta county. Stanford Law Review, 38:623–687 • Bumiller, K. (1987). Victims in the shadow of the law: A critique of the model of legal protection. Signs, 12(3):421–439 • Engel, D. M. and Munger, F. W. (1996). Rights, remembrance, and the reconciliation of difference. Law & Society Review, 30(1):7–53 • Albiston, C. (1999). The and the litigation process: The paradox of losing by winning. Law & Society Review, 33(4):869–910 • Haltom, W. and McCann, M. (2004). Distorting the Law: Politics, Media, and the Litigation Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press • Scheingold, S. A. (1975). The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy and Political Change. Yale University Press • Feeley, M. M. (1983). Court Reform on Trial: Why Simple Solutions Fail. New York: Basic Books • Edelman, L. B., Erlanger, H. S., and Lande, J. (1993). Internal dispute resolution: The transformation of civil rights in the workplace. Law & Society Review, 27(3):497–534 • Galanter, M. (2004). The vanishing trial: An examination of and related matters in federal and state courts. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 1(3):459–570 • Calavita, K. (2001). Blue jeans, rape, and the “de-constitutive” power of law. Law & Society Review, 35(1):89–116 • Polletta, F. (2000). The structural context of novel rights claims: Southern civil rights orga- nizing, 1961-1966. Law & Society Review, 34(2):367–406 • Barkan, S. E. (1984). Legal control of the southern civil rights movement. American Socio- logical Review, 49(4):552–565 • Bernstein, M. (1997). Celebration and supression: The strategic uses of identity by the lesbian and gay movement. American Journal of Sociology, 103(3):531–565 • Bernstein, M. (2009). The strategic uses of identity by the lesbian and gay movement. The social movements reader: Cases and concepts, 12 • Polletta, F. (2000). The structural context of novel rights claims: Southern civil rights orga- nizing, 1961-1966. Law & Society Review, 34(2):367–406 • Edelman, L. B., Leachman, G., and McAdam, D. (2010). On law, organizations, and social movements. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 6:653–685 • Chua, L. J. (2015). The vernacular mobilization of in myanmar’s sexual orien- tation and gender identity movement. Law & Society Review, 49(2):299–332

25 3.4 Legal Consciousness • Merry, S. E. (1988). . Law & Society Review, 22(5):869–896

• Sarat, A. (1990). “...the law is all over”: Power, resistance and the legal consciousness of the welfare poor. Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities, 2(2):343–379

• Merry, S. E. (1990). Getting justice and getting even: Legal consciousness among working-class Americans. University of Chicago Press

• Ewick, P. and Silbey, S. S. (1998). The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Nielsen, L. B. (2000). Situating legal consciousness: Experiences and attitudes of ordinary citizens about law and street harassment. Law & Society Review, 34(4):1055–1090

• Silbey, S. S. (2005). After legal consciousness. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 1(1):323–368

• Young, K. M. (2014). Everyone knows the game: Legal consciousness in the hawaiian cockfight. Law & Society Review, 48(3):499–530

• Tyler, T. R. (1988). What is procedural justice?: Criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. Law & Society Review, 22(1):103–136

Recommended

• Geertz, C. (2000 [1973]). Deep play: Notes on the balinese cockfight. In Crothers, L. and Lockhart, C., editors, Culture and Politics: A Reader, pages 175–201. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York

• Miyazawa, S. (1987). Taking Kawashima seriously: A review of Japanese research on Japanese legal consciousness and disputing behavior. Law & Society Review, 21(2):219–241

• White, L. E. (1990). Subordination, rhetorical survival skills, and Sunday shoes: Notes on the hearing of Mrs. G. Buffalo Law Review, 38:1–58

• Ewick, P. and Silbey, S. S. (1992). Conformity, contestation, and resistance: An account of legal consciousness. New England Law Review, 26:731–749

• Handler, J. F. (1992). Postmodernism, protest, and the new social movements. Law & Society Review, 26(4):697–732

• Merry, S. E. (1995). Resistance and the cultural power of law. Law & Society Review, 29(1):11–26

• Ewick, P. and Silbey, S. S. (1995). Subversive stories and hegemonic tales: Toward a sociology of narrative. Law & Society Review, 29(2):197–226

• Merry, S. E. (1999). Colonizing Hawai’i: The Cultural Power of Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

• Gilliom, J. (2001). Overseers of the Poor: Surveillance, Resistance, and the Limits of Privacy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press

26 • Regev-Messalem, S. (2014). Trapped in resistance: Collective struggle through welfare in israel. Law & Society Review, 48(4):741–772

• Rubin, A. T. (2017). The consequences of prisoners’ micro-resistance. Law & Social Inquiry, 42(1):138–162

• Tyler, T. R. and Rasinski, K. (1991). Procedural justice, institutional legitimacy, and the acceptance of unpopular u.s. supreme court decisions: A reply to gibson. Law & Society Review, 25(3):621–630

3.5 Legal Regulation and Compliance (aka Law and Organizations) • Edelman, L. B. (2016). Working Law: Courts, Corporations, and Symbolic Civil Rights. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Berrey, E., Nelson, R. L., and Nielsen, L. B. (2017). Rights on Trial: How Workplace Dis- crimination Law Perpetuates Inequality. University of Chicago Press – Chaps. 1, 3, and 7.

* Street-Level Bureaucrats and Front-line Workers

Recommended

• Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-Level Bureaucracy: The Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Ser- vices. NY: Russell Sage Foundation

• Hawkins, K. (1983). Bargain and bluff: Compliance strategy and deterrence in the enforcement of regulation. Law & Policy, 5(1):35–73

• Maynard-Moody, S. and Musheno, M. (2003). Cops, Teachers, Counselors: Stories from the Front Lines of Public Service. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press

* Organizational Contexts: Civil Rights and the Workplace

Recommended

• Edelman, L. B. (1990). Legal environments and organizational governance: The expansion of due process in the American workplace. American Journal of Sociology, 95(6):1401–1440

• Edelman, L. B. (1992). Legal ambiguity and symbolic structures: Organizational of civil rights law. American Journal of Sociology, 97(6):1531–1576

• Edelman, L. B., Abraham, S. E., and Erlanger, H. S. (1992). Professional construction of law: The inflated threat of wrongful discharge. Law & Society Review, 26(1):47–84

• Edelman, L. B., Erlanger, H. S., and Lande, J. (1993). Internal dispute resolution: The transformation of civil rights in the workplace. Law & Society Review, 27(3):497–534

• Sutton, J. R., Dobbin, F., Meyer, J. W., and Scott, W. R. (1994). The legalization of the workplace. American Journal of Sociology, 99(4):944–971

• Edelman, L. B. and Suchman, M. C. (1997). The legal environments of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 23:479–515

27 • Edelman, L. B., Uggen, C., and Erlanger, H. S. (1999). The endogeneity of legal regulation: Grievance procedures as rational myth. American Journal of Sociology, 105(2):406–454

• Edelman, L. B., Fuller, S. R., and MaraDrita, I. (2001). Diversity rhetoric and the manage- rialization of law. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6):1589–1641

• Nelson, R. L., Berrey, E. C., and Nielsen, L. B. (2008). Divergent paths: Conflicting concep- tions of employment discrimination in law and the social sciences. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 4(1):103–122

• Dobbin, F. (2009). Inventing Equal Opportunity. Princeton: Princeton University Press

• Berrey, E. (2015). The enigma of diversity: The language of race and the limits of racial justice. University of Chicago Press – Select among Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4.

* Non-employment/civil rights examples

Recommended

• Heimer, C. A. (1999). Competing institutions: Law, medicine, and family in neonatal intensive care. Law & Society Review, 33(1):17–66

• Espeland, W. N. and Vannebo, B. I. (2007). Accountability, quantification, and law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3(1):21–43

• Vaughan, D. (1998). Rational choice, situated action, and the social control of organizations. Law & Society Review, 32:23–61

3.6 Law & Race + Critical Race Theory • G´omez,L. E. (2012). Looking for race in all the wrong places. Law & Society Review, 46(2):221–245

• Lynch, M. and Haney, C. (2015). Emotion, authority, and death: (raced) negotiations in mock capital deliberations. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(2):377–405

• Obasogie, O. (2013). Blinded by sight: Seeing race through the eyes of the blind. Stanford University Press

• Bell, J. (2013). Hate thy neighbor: Move-in violence and the persistence of racial segregation in american housing. NYU Press

Recommended

• Calavita, K. (2000). The paradoxes of race, class, identity, and “passing”: Enforcing the chinese exclusion acts, 1882-1910. Law & Social Inquiry, 25(1):1–40

• Gomez, L. (2004). A tale of two genres: On the real and ideal links between law and society and critical race theory. In Sarat, A., editor, Blackwell Companion to Law & Society, pages 453–470. London: Blackwell

• Mack, K. W. (1999). Law, society, identity, and the making of the Jim Crow South: Travel and segregation on Tennessee railroads, 1875-1905. Law & Social Inquiry, 24(2):377–409

28 • Garland, D. (2005). Penal excess and surplus meaning: Public torture lynchings in twentieth- century America. Law & Society Review, 39(4):793–834

• Van Cleve, N. G. and Mayes, L. (2015). Criminal justice through colorblind lenses: A call to examine the mutual of race and criminal justice. Law & Social Inquiry, 40(2):406–432

• Han, S. (2015). Letters of the law: Race and the fantasy of colorblindness in American law. Stanford University Press

3.7 Legal Profession • Dinovitzer, R. and Garth, B. G. (2007). satisfaction in the process of structuring legal careers. Law & Society Review, 41(1):1–50

• Nelson, R. L. (1981). Practice and privilege: Social change and the structure of large law firms. Law & Social Inquiry, 6(1):97–140

• Heinz, J. P., Laumann, E. O., Nelson, R. L., and Michelson, E. (1998). The changing character of lawyers’ work: Chicago in 1975 and 1995. Law & Society Review, 32(4):751–776

• Sarat, Austin, and William LF Felstiner. Divorce lawyers and their clients: Power and meaning in the legal process. Oxford University Press on Demand, 1995.

• Hagan, J. and Kay, F. (1995). Gender in practice: A study of lawyers’ lives. Oxford University Press

• Kay, F. and Gorman, E. (2008). Women in the legal profession. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 4(1):299–332

• Marshall, A.-M. and Hale, D. C. (2014). Cause lawyering. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 10(1):301–320

• Mertz, E. (2007). The language of law school: learning to” think like a lawyer”. Oxford University Press

Recommended

• Blumberg, A. S. (1967). The as confidence game: Organizational cooptation of a profession. Law & Society Review, 1(2):15–40

• Liu, S. and Halliday, T. C. (2011). Political liberalism and political embeddedness: Under- standing politics in the work of chinese criminal lawyers. Law & Society Review, 45(4):831–866

• Galanter, M. (1983). Mega-law and mega-lawyering in the contemporary united states. In Dingwall, R. and Lewis, P., editors, The Sociology of the Professions: Lawyers, Doctors and Others, pages 152–176. London: The Macmillan Press

• Abel, Richard, L. American lawyers. Oxford University Press, 1989.

• Heinz, J. P., Laumann, E. O., Nelson, R. L., and Schnorr, P. S. (1997). The constituencies of elite urban lawyers. Law & Society Review, 31(3):441–472

29 • Kay, F. M. and Hagan, J. (1999). Cultivating clients in the competition for partnership: Gender and the organizational restructuring of law firms in the 1990s. Law & Society Review, 33(3):517–555 Cultivating clients

• Nelson, R. L. and Nielsen, L. B. (2000). Cops, , and entrepreneurs: Constructing the role of inside counsel in large corporations. Law & Society Review, 34(2):457–494

• Mack, K. W. (2012). Representing the Race. Harvard University Press

3.8 Law in Transition, Globalization, and Other International Works • Darian-Smith, E. (2013). Laws and in global contexts: Contemporary approaches. Cambridge University Press

• Cheesman, N. (2015). Opposing the Rule of Law. Cambridge University Press

• Halliday, Terence C., and Pavel Osinsky. ”Globalization of law.” Annu. Rev. Sociol. 2 (2006): 447-470.

Recommended

• Massoud, M. F. (2015). Work rules: How international NGOs build law in war-torn societies. Law & Society Review, 49(2):333–364

• Rowen, J. (2012). Mobilizing truth: Agenda setting in a transnational . Law & Social Inquiry, 37(3):686–718

• Rebecca Rowen, J. (2017). “we don’t believe in transitional justice:” and the politics of legal ideas in Colombia. Law & Social Inquiry, 42(3):622–647

• Latour, B. (2010). The making of law: an ethnography of the Conseil d’Etat´ . Polity

• Dezalay, Y. and Garth, B. G. (2002). The internationalization of palace wars: lawyers, economists, and the contest to transform Latin American states. University of Chicago Press

• Shaffer, Gregory. ”Transnational legal process and state change.” Law & Social Inquiry 37, no. 2 (2012): 229-264.

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