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Resear~H Division RESEAR~H DIVISION Oregon State .Game Commission Federal Aid Project F- 72- R I Coastal Cutthroat MARilYN llQHS GU!N LIBRARY HPJFiEI..D tf.}\RINE SCI ENCE CENTijl ORtGON STATE UNIVERSITY - -- _____......... "-11 1\..,~c; CATCH, MIGRATION, GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF STOCKED COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT IN MUNSEL LAKE, OREOON by Delbert G. Skeesick, Graduate Assistant Research Division Oregon Game Commission FEDERAL AID TO FISH RESTORATION Progress Report Cutthroat ecology F-72-R-1 July 1, 1964-June 30, 1965 Oregon state University Corvallis, Oregon Fishery Research Report Ntunber 2 September 196 5 Munsel lake trout study1 A study of the migration, survival, growth and catch of coastal cut­ throat trout, Sa.lmo clarki clarki Richardson, of hatchery origin, has been in progress since November, 1961, at Munsel Lake, Lane County, Oregon. The purpose of the study has been to evaluate the present management practices, and to develop more efficient techniques for providing trout fishing in coastal lakes. The initial results of this study were reported by Hansen2. The latest phase of the study has been the release of equal numbers of equivalent size cutthroat trout and rainbow trout, Sa.lmo gairdneri gairdneri Richardson, to compare the survival, growth, and return to the angler of the two species. The total catch of each of numerous plants of cutthroat trout has been estimated through the use of a creel sampling program. The tendency of planted cutthroat trout to migrate downstream has been monitored at a weir on the Munsel Lake outlet. The weir has been in operation each migratory period since April, 1962. Each migrant was tagged for later identification. Survival of each group released into the lake has been estimated using either the Schnabel or Petersen method (Lagler, 1956). Each new release grolip was given a distinctive mark and was then used as the marked segment of the population. Survival of sea~run fish was estimated from tag returns and from recaptures at the Munsel Creek weir. 1Part of research toward PhD thesis at Oregon state University. 2 Hansen, D. 1963. The influence of natural mortality and other life history factors on the yield to the angler of planted cutthroat trout in Munsel Lake, Oregon. MS Thesis, Oregon state University, 67 pp (unpublished). 2. The growth exhibited by each group of fish has been monitored by weighing and measuring all fish captured while netting for populati2n estimates, while trapping at Munsel Creek weir, and while checking tag returns from sea-run fish. Characteristics Munsel lake is the lowest in a chain of four interconnected lakes which lie between the coastal sand dunes and a western ridge of the Coast Range. The lake has a surface area of 93.3 acres and reaches a maximum depth of 75 feet with a mean depth of 30 feet (Figure 1). The shoreline is 14,720 feet with the shore development of 2.o3. Thirty-two percent of the lake area is less than 15 feet in depth. The lake bottom is of three distinct types. Sand bottom extends out­ ward from the west and northwest shore to about the 40-foot contour. The south, east, and north shores are mainly clay-like in composition with some interspersion of rubble to about 40 feet. The deep areas, the upper end of the north arm, and the area around the mouth of Aikerley Creek have a soft, mucky bottom. The surface temperature ranges from 46°F in December to 72°F in August (Appendix A). A thermocline becomes established below 18 feet in early April and persists until early December. The epilimnion maintains a depth of about 20 feet during the warming period and increases in depth as the surface temperature declines in the fall (Appendix B). 30akley, A. L. 1962. Coastal Lake studies VII, Munsel Lake, Oregon. Fish Commission Research Division, Coastal Rivers Investigations; Clackamas, Oregon 23 pp. (unpublished). MUNSEL LAKE 0---==---==-===== 500 1000 SCALE IN FEET Figure 1. Munsel lake, Oregon showing ac.cess points and bottom contours at ten foot intervals. 4- The summer oxygen concentrations are near saturation in the epilimnion, exceed saturation in the thermocline and decline rapid~ in the hypolimnion (Appendix C and D). B.r mid-summer the oxygen concentrations below 40 feet is five ppm or less. Water samples taken August 9, 1960, indicate a total hardness of 36 ppm and total dissolved solids of 48.4 ppm (Oakley, £Q £11.). Aquatic vegetation is limited. water shield, Brasenia schreberi Gmelin, occasionally interspersed with pond weed, Potamogeton ~., forms a narrow band along the west and north shores. Several small patches of water lily, Nuphar polysepa.lum Engelm., are found at the heads of coves, and one small ~tand of bulrush, Scirpus valid"Q.s Vahl, occurs near the outlet. Some cover for fish is provided by the many wind-felled trees lining the shore. Munsel Lake has been managed as a trout lake since 1952. Prior to this study, most plantings were fish of sub-legal size. There is practically no natural propagation of salm.onids owing to the sandy bottom in tributaries. The lake also contains sizeable populations of largemouth black bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacepede; yellow perch, Perea flavescens Mitchill; kokanee, Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum; and prickly sculpin, Cottus asper Richardson. Lesser numbers of brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus LeSueur; bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque; and warmouth, Chaenobryttus gu1osus Cuvier, also inhabit the lake. At one time, squawfish, ptychocheilus oregonensis Richardson, were abundant in the lake, but none have been encountered during this study although they are common in the other lakes in the chain. Fishing conditions The trout season in Munsel Lake usually opens the third weekend in April and continues until October 31. Fishing is allowed from one hour before s~ise until one hour after sundown. There is no closed season on warmwater species. The bag limit is 10 trout, not more than five of which may be over 12 inches. Because of the rapid turnover of planted fish, a bag limit of five fish over 12 ~ches has not occurred often enough to have influenced the study. A public access site is located in the southwest corner of the lake. Here a boat launch ramp is surfaced with gravel, but because of its steepness, it discourages many fishermen. The only section of lakeshore accessible to bank fishermen is between the boat launching site and a small beach about 200 yards eastward (Figure 1). A resort located on the west side of the lake has boats for rent. There are eight summer cabins and two permanent dwellings along the west and north, shores of the lake. The lake residents fish from their own boats with varying regularity. Weather conditions affect the angling and anglers. Prevailing summer winds from the northwest force boat anglers to fish in the more protected north arm of the lake. At the same time the wind discourages the bank anglers. Program Resident anglers cooperated by recording their fishing effort and catch on forms provided by the census clerk. Accompanying each form was an outline \ of a fish with the fins identified, and a list of marks that they might encounter. 6. Since the inception of the study, 63,019 fish weighing 10,352 pound$ have been stocked in Munsel lake. The releases are of four categories: "fall fingerlings", released near the close of the fishing season for study of growth and survival; "post-season legals", released after the close of the fishing season for use in estimating survival of previous releases; "pre-season legals 11 , released prior to the opening of the season for estimating over-winter survival of previous releases and for determining return to the angler; and "in-season legals", released between June and August for survival estimate of previous releases, and for determining the effectiveness of summer plants. All groups were used to determine the migratory characteristics of hatchery-reared cutthroat. Table 1 is a complete list of releases through the 1964 fishing season. The release groups that were to be immediately exposed to angling were distributed throughout the lake using a planting boat, while those liberated in November were generally released at the public boat landing. The purpose of distributing the fish . from · a boat was to speed the mixing of the new release group with the resident groups, and to reduce the vulnerability of the new group to angling. 7. Table 1 Chronological listing of groups released within the study period Type Number Approx. of per fork Number Date S:Qecies :Qlant Mark 12ound len,:;th liberated ll/21/61 Cutthroat "Fall fingerling" RVAd 10.6 6.0 7,579 ll/21/61 II "Fall fingerling" BV 10.6 6.0 7,632 4/2/62 II "Pre-season legal" LVAd 4-5 9.0 4,000 8/2/62 II "In-season legal" LV 2.7 9-5 1,499 11/1/62 II "Post-season legal 11 LVRM 1.4 12.0 1,369 ll/29/62 II "Fall fingerling 11 HM 10.9 6.0 8,088 4/4/63 II "Pre-season legal11 RMAd 5.1 9.0 3,004 7/11/63 II 11 In-season legal" mAd 3.0 9.5 999 8/19/63 II "In-season legal 11 1M 2.3 .10.5 1,001 10/22/63 II 11 Fall fingerling" Ad 18.2 5.0 20,202 ll/13/63 II 11Post-season legaltt BVAd 1.4 12.0 708 3/D/64 II "Pre-season legal" RV 4-9 8.5 2,000 6/4/64 " "In-season legal" RVLM 2.8 9.5 1,002 6/4/64 Rainbow "In-season legal" .· LVRM 3.1 9.0 1,000 7/16/64 Cutthroat "In-season legal 11 RVAd 2.3 10.0 1,001 7/16/64 Rainbow "In-season legal" LVAd 3-3 8.5 1,000 ll/10/64 Cutthroat "Post-season legal" RM 1.2 12.5 468 / 11/10/64 Rainbow 11 Post-seal3on legal" LV 0.83 ]3.5 467 8.
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