The Curious Case of Two Australasian 'Traitors', Or, New Zealand, Australia and the Cold War*
New Zealand Journal of History, 35, 1 (2001) Ann-Marie Brady The Curious Case of Two Australasian 'Traitors', or, New Zealand, Australia and the Cold War* ON 21 AND 22 DECEMBER 1972 respectively, Australia and New Zealand established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC). The proximity of the two dates implies a concomitant closeness in foreign policy- making, especially on such a sensitive issue as the diplomatic recognition of China. On paper, particularly in the Cold War era, Australia and New Zealand had historically strong strategic links, both together and with the US, recognized in such treaties as UKUSA, ANZUS and SEATO.1 A careful comparison of the foreign ministry archives of both nations, however, reveals that despite the outward unity, they held differing levels of enthusiasm for the Western position in the Cold War, in particular on such matters as the recognition of China and allegations of germ warfare in the Korean War. Almost 30 years after diplomatic relations were established, it is timely to consider the years prior to recognition of the Peking government and the political climate of that period. Utilizing public and private documents gathered in China, New Zealand and Australia, this paper discusses the differing experiences of two Cold War 'traitors' — an Australian, Wilfred Burchett, and a New Zealander, Rewi Alley — interpreting their experiences in terms of the attitude of their respective countries to communism in Asia in the Cold War period, and implicitly, their respective countries' support for US foreign policy at that time. In considering the treatment the two men received from the two governments, my aim is neither to lionize nor demonize them.
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