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Photographic evidence of Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825 from West Kameng and Shi-Yomi districts of , India

Moktan Megha, Sylvia Christ, Rajesh Gopal, Mohnish Kapoor & Ridhima Solanki

26 August 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 9 | Pages: 19254–19262 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6666.13.9.19254-19262

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6666.13.9.19254-19262

#6666 | Received 04 September 2020 | Final received 31 July 2021 | Finally accepted 04 August 2021 COMMUNICATION

Photographic evidence of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825 from West Kameng and Shi-Yomi districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Moktan Megha 1 , Sylvia Christ 2 , Rajesh Gopal 3 , Mohnish Kapoor 4 & Ridhima Solanki 5

1 WWF-India Darjeeling Field Ofce, 13 Kutchery Road, Near Meadow Bank, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734101, India. 2 WWF-India, Dehradun Programme Ofce, 30/9A, Pine Hall School Lane, Rajpur Road, Dehradun, Utarakhand 248001, India. 3,4,5 Global Tiger Forum (GTF), E-18, First Floor, East of Kailash, New Delhi 110065, India. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected]

Abstract: Camera-trap photos of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens were obtained from three locatons in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India during a survey conducted from March to July 2019. Two of the locatons are in and one locaton is in Shi-Yomi district (formerly West Siang). These records are important additons to the currently limited informaton available for species distributon in the state, and was gathered as part of a tri-country study on the status of tger habitats in high alttude ecosystems of Bhutan, India, and Nepal.

Keywords: Ailuridae, camera trap, distributon, habitat, high alttude ecosystem, northeastern India, traits.

Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publicaton: 26 August 2021 (online & print)

Citaton: Megha, M., S. Christ, R. Gopal, M. Kapoor & R. Solanki (2021). Photographic evidence of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825 from West Kameng and Shi-Yomi districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(9): 19254–19262. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6666.13.9.19254-19262

Copyright: © Megha et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: The study was conceived by the Global Tiger Forum (GTF) funded by an IUCN’s Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservaton Programme (ITHCP) through the German Cooperaton via KfW Development Bank [Project Number: ITHCP 1510 HAT Situaton Analysis], and co-funded by World Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF-India) for feld surveys conducted in India. Wildlife Insttute of India (WII) and the Natonal Tiger Conservaton Authority (NTCA) contributed to design and coordinaton, while feld implementaton was carried out by teams of WWF-India and the Arunachal Pradesh Forest Department.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Author details: See end of this artcle.

Author contributons: MM and CS collated and analysed the camera trap data and wrote the manuscript. RG and MK conceptualised the tri-country GTF study. RG, MK and RS provided critcal inputs to this manuscript. All authors reviewed the fnal manuscript.

Acknowledgements: Authors are highly thankful to Mr. Ravi Singh, SG & CEO, WWF-India, Dr. Sejal Worah, Dr. Dipankar Ghose, Mr. Yash Magan Shethia, Dr. Pranav Chanchani, Ms. Priyadarshinee Shrestha, Dr. Anupam Sarmah, Mr. Kamal Medhi, Dr. Merwyn Fernandes, Dr. Rishi Kumar Sharma, Dr. Sugoto Roy, and Mr. Bonal Bishan for providing advisory support and organizatonal resources. We would like to thank Dr. K. Ramesh and his team members at the Wildlife Insttute of India for their coordinaton and technical support. We would like to thank former and current PCCF & HoFF, CWLW, CCF, CF of Arunachal Pradesh. We would specially like to thank DCF, Mr. Umesh Kumar, IFS, along with the divisional forest ofcers - Mr. Chuku Loma and Mr. Abhinav Kumar, IFS, Arunachal Pradesh for their support throughout the exercise and issuing the permission for conductng surveys. We are grateful to the range ofcers and the staf of Bomdila Forest Division, and Along Forest Division, Arunachal Pradesh especially Mr. Marbom Sora. We sincerely appreciate WWF-India’s support staf, feld assistants, interns, and volunteers, especially Mr. Shivam Sharma, Mr. Thejavitso Chase, Mr. Tashi Kezang, and Mr. Tape Yorpen for their immense eforts in handling logistcs and for working in difcult feld conditons. We are extremely grateful to everyone who worked with us in Arunachal Pradesh, enthusiastc people who helped us access difcult terrain, and those who shared their homes with us, for their kind and generous hospitality. Authors are also thankful to the reviewers and the managing editor for valuable suggestons that has greatly improved the content of this manuscript.

19254 Photographic evidence of Red Panda from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh Megha et al. J TT INTRODUCTION and patchy distributons across the Himalaya-Hengduan mountains biodiversity hotspot (Glatston et al. 2015; Hu The Red panda Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825 is a small et al. 2020; Thapa et al. 2020). Their habitat consists of carnivorous mammal with reddish-brown fur, placed the sub-tropical and temperate forests of the Himalayan under the monotypic family Ailuridae. Red Pandas are and Hengduan mountains, partcularly in areas consistng predominantly solitary and arboreal, and feed primarily of dense bamboo undergrowth (Yonzon & Hunter 1991; on bamboo leaves plus seasonal supplements that Wei et al. 1999a; Choudhury 2001; Pradhan et al. 2001; include bird eggs, grubs, lichen, acorns, insects, and Chakraborty et al. 2015). Two subspecies are recognised, fruit (Yonzon & Hunter 1991; Choudhury 2001; Pradhan A. f. fulgens and A. f. styani west and east of the Nujiang et al. 2001). Red Pandas are most actve during the River (Wei et al. 1999b), but a recent genetc study has spring and summer-autumn during the day, and they identfed Yalu Zangbu river as the geographic boundary, rest for longer hours during winter as an adaptaton to delineatng the evidence for two phylogenetcally cold environmental conditons to conserve heat (Zhang diferent species and populatons of Chinese Red Pandas et al. 2011). Such traits make it difcult to locate them and Himalayan Red Pandas (Hu et al. 2020). during feld surveys. Prime Red Panda habitats occur in temperate forests and bamboo mixed subtropical Distributon of Red Panda in India forests with a high density of fallen logs, high canopy In India, Red Pandas are found in the temperate belt of cover, bamboo & shrub cover, and relatvely steep slopes , West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh at alttudes in close proximity to water sources (Thapa et al. 2018a). ranging from 2,500 m to 5,000 m, and they have also The Red Panda is listed as ‘Endangered’ under the been reported from sub-tropical at alttudes IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Glatston et al. generally ranging from 1,500 m to 4,800 m, although 2015). It is also listed in Appendix I of CITES, a category Red Panda occurrence has also been recorded at lower accorded to species threatened with extncton and elevatons (Duckworth 2011; Glatston et al. 2015). The whose trade is prohibited. In India, they are protected presence of a wild populaton in Meghalaya is debated under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protecton Act (Duckworth 2011) and recent studies, including wildlife (1972) (indiacode.nic.in). Red Panda numbers have been surveys using camera-traps, have not found evidence reported to be less than 15,000 in the wild (Wang et al. of occurrence (Ghose & Duta 2011; Mukherjee et al. 2008; Glatston et al. 2015). Red Pandas are threatened 2019). Kashmira Kakat (pers. comm. 15.v.2020) suggests due to poaching for their pelts and fur which is used that the older reports of Red Pandas may have been for various clothing in China and elsewhere (Wei et al. escaped or released pets of Nepali immigrants who had 1999b, Dorji et al. 2012; Glatston et al. 2015). They are setlements in these areas. hunted by feral dogs, or get trapped in snares set up for other animals (Ghose & Duta 2011; Dorji et al. 2012; Records of Red Panda occurrence from Arunachal Chakraborty et al. 2015). Anthropogenic pressure, large- Pradesh scale deforestaton, habitat loss, degradaton around Arunachal Pradesh has around 11,300 km2 of human setlements and consequently the expansion potental Red Panda habitat - the largest habitat in of agricultural areas has led to their decline in China, India, followed by Sikkim and West Bengal (Choudhury and these factors are probably applicable to the rest 2001; Ghose & Duta 2011). As shown in Table 1, moving of the general red panda populaton (Yonzon & Hunter from west to east Red Pandas have been recorded in 1991; Glatston 1994; Wei et al. 1999b; Choudhury 2001; , West Kameng, East Kameng, Upper Subansiri, Pradhan et al. 2001). Lower Subansiri, Upper Siang, East Siang, Shi-Yomi (formerly West Siang), Dibang Valley, Lohit, Anjaw, and Global distributon of Red Panda Changlang districts of Arunachal Pradesh. TRAFFIC’s Red Pandas have a narrow range of occurrence. recent assessment for this species reported poaching Their distributon spans from Api Nampa Conservaton and snaring in West Kameng, Shi-Yomi, Anjaw, and Area and Khaptad in western Nepal to India, Bhutan, Dibang Valley districts of Arunachal Pradesh (Badola et Myanmar towards southcentral China of Sichuan and al. 2020) thereby indicatng that the species occurred in Yunnan province, encompassing the southern porton of these districts. For the 20 districts surveyed in TRAFFIC’s Tibet, with Xiangling mountains being their easternmost assessment, informaton on illegal trade of Red Panda extent (Glatston et al. 2015). Red Pandas occur in low skin or fur does not necessarily indicate presence of densites, disjunct ranges, disconnected populatons, red panda in those districts unless it was confrmed as

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262 19255 J TT Photographic evidence of Red Panda from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh Megha et al. a huntng or poaching incident from the district itself 1991; Wei et al. 1999b; Pradhan et al. 2001), and this (Merwyn Fernandes, pers. comm., 29.xii.2020). trend seemingly has not changed over the years. An ongoing study and work being carried out within one of WWF-India’s priority areas known as the Western Arunachal Landscape (WAL), which spans across Tawang STUDY AREA AND METHODS and West Kameng districts will help furnish additonal informaton on the status of Red Panda in these areas The Red Panda photographs were obtained during (Kamal Medhi, pers. comm., 06.v.2020). By mobilizing a larger study on the status of tger habitats in high- strong support from local communites this work has alttude ecosystems of Bhutan, India, and Nepal (Global already led to the delineaton of 115 km2 as habitat Tiger Forum 2019) with the objectve to strengthen tger to conserve the Red Panda in West Kameng district. conservaton in high-alttude habitats in these three This area forms part of Mandala-Phudung-Khellong countries. For this study, literature review, questonnaire community-conserved area in the West Kameng district surveys, sign surveys, and camera trapping were of Arunachal Pradesh (Chauhan 2019). conducted primarily in order to determine tger The state of Arunachal Pradesh is located in the presence across the study area. In India, the feld surveys eastern Himalaya and lies in a transiton zone (Mani were conducted across the four states of Utarakhand, 1974; Rodgers & Panwar 1988) between the Himalayan Sikkim, northern West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh (CEPF Ecosystem Profle 2005), and Indo-Burmese from March 2019 to July 2019. The entre study area biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. 2000) in India. of 38,915km2 in India was overlaid with 25km2 grids. Arunachal Pradesh along with other northeastern Specifc forest divisions in all four states were identfed states of India is experiencing large-scale changes in for feld surveys through workshops and consultatons land use and land cover due to shifing cultvaton, with the state forest departments during the early illegal deforestaton and indiscriminate felling of trees, stages of this study. which ultmately contributes to degradaton of natural In Arunachal Pradesh, as part of the larger study, ecosystems (Roy & Tomar 2000; Tripathi et al. 2016). seven administratve districts consistng of a total of 13 This state is experiencing rapid infrastructure economic forest divisions (territorial and wildlife divisions) were developments on an unprecedented scale (Rahman surveyed. Questonnaire responses were received for 2014), and the trajectory of this development varies 215 grids (of 25km2 each) whereas sign surveys were within the districts of Arunachal Pradesh (Sharma & carried out for a total length of 181 km covering 62 grids Chakraborty 2016). The tourism potental of Arunachal (of 25 km2 each); each sign survey trail was 3 to 5 km Pradesh can provide stable economic and employment in length. Camera traps were deployed in 47 grids (of opportunites across the state (CES 2013). These 25km2 each); with two pairs of cameras (4 cameras in developments invariably contribute to loss of forest total) placed in each 25km2 grid. cover and habitat degradaton amidst socio-economic development of Arunachal Pradesh in the present tme. According to India’s State of Forest report Arunachal RESULTS Pradesh has been experiencing habitat degradaton and loss of forest cover over the years (FSI, State of Forest We report here three locatons in Arunachal 2019). Pradesh (Figure 1) where Red Pandas were recorded Most of the land in Arunachal Pradesh has been through camera-trap photo captures. A total of three under the traditonal ownership of communites since photographs of Red Pandas in India were obtained from decades. Such forests under community governance are this study. called unclassed forests, which form 60% of the state’s During May–June 2019, camera trap photographs forest cover (FSI, State of Forest 2019). A recent study of Red Pandas ‘thungmodongkar’ (Mon language, on the habitat suitability of the region for Red Pandas with diferent local dialects) were obtained from two also identfes large portons of viable red panda habitat locatons in the Dirang range of Bomdila Forest Division; outside protected areas (Thapa et al. 2018b). The three one on the Jantsangpo trail (at 27.330 N, 92.158 E, locatons where red pandas were recorded during this 3,352 m alttude, Image 1), and the other along the study are located within such unclassed forests. Habitat Kishusegep trail (at 27.350 N, 92.183 E, 3,278 m alttude, degradaton and habitat loss have been major threats Image 2). The survey team found red panda scat on the to Red Panda populatons historically (Yonzon & Hunter Kishusegep trail, and there was a rocky stream present

19256 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262 Photographic evidence of Red Panda from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh Megha et al. J TT

Figure 1. Map of Arunachal Pradesh depictng the locatons where red pandas were photo captured on the camera traps. Inset: Locaton of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. Map created in ArcMap 10.7.1.

along the Jantsangpo trail. Both of these locatons are team member who surveyed the area, the local guide around the Lubrang village of West Kameng district. reported human use of these habitats on a regular Barking Deer Muntacus muntjack and Yellow-throated basis in the form of logging of wood and Bamboo using Marten Martes favigula were also photographed at motorized saw, or manually using axes (locally known as the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens trap locatons. This ‘daav’), typically used for local distributon. area predominantly consisted of diferent Bamboo sp., The frst record of red panda from the Monigong Quercus sp., Acer sp., and Castanopsis sp., as part of the area (Shi-Yomi District) was its sightng on an oak tree vegetaton of temperate broad leaved forests. along a steep hillside in the year 1999 (Ghose & Duta In June 2019, a Red Panda ‘kopuling’ (Adi language, 2011). Monigong is the last village of Arunachal Pradesh with diferent local dialects) was photographed (at on this front - towards the Indo-Chinese border, and 28.747 N, 94.317 E, 2,478 m alttude, Image 3), at an hence a landmark village, due to which these hilly ranges approximate aerial distance of 1.5 km from Karle village are known as Monigong hills or Monigong area. The hills in the Udu Yingbe locality, on the hilly route from Karle surrounding Karle, Tayong and Jorang villages which are to Tayong. This village is part of the Mechuka range (also located near Monigong village were surveyed during this spelt Menchukha) of Along Forest Division, in the Shi- study. This photograph of the Red Panda is the second Yomi district. Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Mithun / Bos record from the hills of Monigong area, obtained near frontalis, Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelanos, humans, Karle village, Shi-Yomi district in Arunachal Pradesh. catle, and domestc dogs were also photographed along with the Red Panda at this locaton. There was a stream running along the trail. The vegetaton type consisted DISCUSSION of temperate broad leave forest species dominated by Bamboo sp., Quercus sp., Castonopsis echinocarpa The photographic evidence of Red Panda obtained (‘Hirang’ in local dialect), and Rhus semialata or R. through this study from three locatons in Arunachal chinensis (‘Taam’ in local dialect). Upon enquiry by the Pradesh confrms the presence of this species near

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262 19257 J TT Photographic evidence of Red Panda from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh Megha et al.

Image 1. Camera trap photograph of Red Panda from Jantsangpo trail area of Bomdila Forest Division, West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh.

Image 2. Camera trap photograph of Red Panda from Lubrang area (Kishusegep trail), Bomdila Forest Division, West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh.

Image 3. Camera trap photograph of red panda near Karle village, Along Forest Division, Shi-Yomi district (formerly West Siang), Arunachal Pradesh.

19258 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262 Photographic evidence of Red Panda from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh Megha et al. J TT Table 1. District-wise presence of Red Panda reported in Arunachal Pradesh.

District of Arunachal Pradesh Type of Records Source Kills recorded as part of feld interview surveys with communites, known to be Mishra et al. 2006 Tawang traded locally. Sightngs on 4 occasions between 1990 to 1997, skin being sold in Tawang Ghose & Duta 2011 market tll 1998. At Pangchen valley through direct sightngs, droppings, and feeding signs as Chakraborty et al. 2015 part of a feld survey. Interview and feld surveys. Choudhury 2001 Kills recorded as part of feld interview surveys with communites, known to be Mishra et al. 2006 West Kameng traded locally. Pelt shown as stufed toy in market area. Badola et al. 2020 Mandla-Phudung, directly through sightngs, kills, carcasses) and indirectly through evidence of scats, pugmarks, scratch marks, pelts and secondary informaton confrmed by the local communites; Ghose & Duta 2011 Nyukmadung, Ramacamp, Ramalingam camp, Chaku, Bompu, Sundarview, Nafra in the 1980s; Eagle Nest Pass and Dirang in 1990s. Multple live sightngs, droppings, and reports of huntng red pandas between Srivastava & Duta 2010 1980 to 2000. Two photographs obtained in 2019 as mentoned in the current paper; in the Global Tiger Forum 2019 (details vicinity of Lubrang village. outlined in the current paper). Choudhury 2020, Tribuneindia.com, 2 Photographed at Chug Valley. October 2020 Presence indicated through interviews and feld surveys in Sessa Orchid Choudhury 2001 Sanctuary, Eagle Nest Wildlife Sanctuary. East Kameng A record of one individual killed in 1999. Ghose & Duta 2011

Interview and feld surveys. Choudhury 2001

Upper Subansiri Interview and feld surveys. Choudhury 2001 Business-standard.com, 29 February Lower Subansiri One individual rescued near Kebi village. 2016 Presence indicated through interviews and feld surveys in Talley Valley Wildlife Choudhury 2001 Sanctuary. Upper Siang Interview and feld surveys. Choudhury 2001 Presence indicated through interviews and feld surveys in Mouling Natonal Choudhury 2001 Park. East Siang Interview and feld surveys. Choudhury 2001

Shi-Yomi (formerly West Siang) One sightng record and one kill record, Monigong area. Ghose & Duta 2011 One photograph obtained in 2019 as mentoned in the current paper; in the Global Tiger Forum 2019 (details vicinity of Karle village. outlined in the current paper) Pelt found in market area. Badola et al. 2020

Dibang Valley One kill, one skin and a live sightng record. Ghose & Duta 2011

Huntng recorded. Sharma 2017

Pelt recorded during survey. Badola et al. 2020 Presence indicated through interviews and feld surveys in Dibang Valley Choudhury 2001 Wildlife Sanctuary, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary. Lohit Two sightng records, one in 1984, and another of 8 individuals in 1992. Ghose & Duta 2011 Presence indicated through interviews and feld surveys in Kamlang Wildlife Choudhury 2001 Sanctuary. Anjaw One poaching incident recorded. Badola et al. 2020 Ghosh 1985 Changlang Presence indicated in Namdapha Tiger Reserve.

Interviews and feld surveys. Choudhury 2001

Lubrang village (Bomdila Forest Division, West Kameng frst photographic and hence confrmatory evidence district, Western Arunachal Pradesh) and Karle village of red panda presence near Karle village, in Shi-Yomi (Along Forest Division, Shi-Yomi district, formerly West district of Arunachal Pradesh. These locatons are Siang, central-eastern Arunachal Pradesh). This is the part of the unclassed forests of Arunachal Pradesh,

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262 19259 J TT Photographic evidence of Red Panda from two districts of Arunachal Pradesh Megha et al. and are managed by the State Forest Department wide assessment for the populaton of Red Panda which administratvely as Forest Divisions. could also uncover potentally connected or isolated Habitat suitability analysis predicts that Eastern habitats such as the ones identfed by this study is Arunachal Pradesh harbours more suitable habitat for recommended. red pandas as compared to Western Arunachal Pradesh There is a stark diference in socio economic (Thapa et al. 2018b). While the Pangchen valley in development of the West Kameng district of western and the Chug valley in West Kameng Arunachal Pradesh and Shi-Yomi district that lies in district of Western Arunachal Pradesh have received central-eastern Arunachal Pradesh. The West Kameng some focus for community-based conservaton eforts district has many popular tourist destnatons. But for Red Pandas (Srivastava & Duta 2010; Chakraborty within Shi-Yomi district, while the Mechuka village and et al. 2015) districts in central and eastern Arunachal its hilly ranges are a popular nature and culture-based Pradesh have received less focus and there is very tourist destnaton with an economy driven by beautful limited informaton available beyond the historical homestays, the Monigong village and its hilly ranges on survey reports mentoned in Table 1. the other hand lacks basic infrastructure, although it Red Pandas are habitat specialists (Yonzon & Hunter harbours the same scenic surroundings. The locals of this 1991; Pradhan et al. 2001). In Bhutan their presence area rely on the surrounding forests for subsistence and most ofen overlaps with the rural human populaton most of them currently work as daily wagers labouring which is undergoing rapid socio-economic development to build roads in this region. As observed during the (Dorji et al. 2012). Site-specifc habitat degradaton study period, most large-scale infrastructure work in this in high-alttude areas of Arunachal Pradesh probably region pertained to developing the linear infrastructure – occur due to anthropogenic disturbance in relaton to the highways and roads. However, interacton with local frewood collecton (mostly Rhododendron sp.) and people suggested a dire need for developing this remote unregulated grazing by local communites (Kalita & Khan region further (Christ Sylvia, pers. comm., 06.v.2020). 2013; Duta et al. 2013; Paul et al. 2019). As observed in While development is inevitable and even necessary this study, site-specifc habitat degradaton is prevalent to a certain extent, largely to improve the livelihood of and such anthropogenic actvity overlap with red panda the marginalised communites of Arunachal Pradesh; habitat seems to be the case for some areas of Arunachal nevertheless, grassroots-scaled, community-based Pradesh as well. conservaton work and sustainable tourism initatves It seems that Red Pandas have persevered in the that limit habitat destructon are recommended. Inclusive forests of Arunachal Pradesh, but informaton on the conservaton has proved efectve in Arunachal Pradesh populaton status and trends are lacking. Huntng by tme and again (Athreya 2006; Duta et al. 2012; Rane the local tribals in Arunachal typically has its roots in & Data 2015). Managerial interventons for maintaining the need for basic subsistence, trade and commerce, high-alttude habitat biodiversity in the state as well as and also for customary, religious and cultural practces maintenance of community-owned forests is important (Aiyadurai et al. 2010; Selvan et al. 2013). Even though for securing the in situ conservaton of Red Panda, with huntng is prevalent in many regions of Arunachal benefts to communites for their stewardship under Pradesh, the huntng of Red Pandas has seldom come to payment for ecosystem services (PES). This may also be light (Choudhury 2001; Aiyadurai et al. 2010; Srivastava complemented by ex situ conservaton eforts for Red & Duta 2010). Encountering Red Panda is considered a Panda, with an aim for their future re-introducton into good omen as per traditonal beliefs in Arunachal (Janaki wild habitats. et al. 2020). There are very few records of illegal trading Community stewardship is crucial to promote the and limited demand of Red Panda parts from recent years existence of a peculiar species like the Red Panda that (Badola et al. 2020). Enquiries regarding the presence of thrives on bamboo, a fora on which dependency of red panda in the survey locatons of the current study did the people of Arunachal Pradesh is also high. Inclusive not indicate huntng as a threat. During the feld survey, conservaton could ensure the contnued persistence of interacton with local people suggested that sightngs this species in this state that boasts of the largest Red of the Red Panda had become rare over tme (Christ Panda habitat in India. Sylvia pers. comm., 06.v.2020). This could be atributed to site-specifc habitat disturbances, especially due to people’s subsistence-related dependence on Bamboo vegetaton and surrounding habitats. An intensive state-

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Roy, P.S. & S. Tomar (2000). Biodiversity characterizaton at landscape level using geospatal modelling Author details: Ms. Megha Moktan has technique. Biological Conservaton 95: 95–109. htps://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00151-2 been working with WWF-India’s Red Selvan, K.M., G.G. Veeraswami, B. Habib & S. Lyngdoh (2013). Losing threatened and rare wildlife to Panda team since 2018. She is interested in small mammal conservaton. Megha huntng in valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current Science 104: 1492–1495. has been a part of WWF’s teams Sharma, M. & D.K. Chakraborty (2016). Why Arunachal Pradesh’s social sector development conductng ecological feld surveys in is asymmetrical: a cross-district investgaton. Social Change 46(2): 165–181. htps://doi. remote Himalayan locatons of North org/10.1177/0049085716635389 Bengal, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Sharma, H. (2017). Role of Indigenous Beliefs and Wild Life Trafcking, pp. 67–86. In: Biodiversity Loss Ms. Christi Sylvia has been working with in Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot of Arunachal Pradesh. Proceedings of Natonal Conference WWF-India since 2018. She is interested on ‘Wild Life Trafcking and Concern to Biodiversity of North East India’ held at Dhing College, Dhing, in large mammal conservaton and socio- ecological systems. Christ coordinated Nagaon, , dated 17 June/2017. the project implementaton aspects for Srivastava, T. & P.K. Duta (2010). Western Arunachal Pradesh ofering prime home to the endangered red the larger mult-partner study in India, panda. Current Science 99: 155–156. and led the feld team for ecological Thapa, A., Y. Hu & F. Wei (2018a). The endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens): Ecology and conservaton surveys in Arunachal Pradesh for this approaches across the entre range. Biological Conservaton 220: 112–121. htps://doi.org/10.1016/j. work. Dr. Rajesh Gopal has been closely biocon.2018.02.014 associated with ‘Project Tiger’ in India Thapa, A., R. Wu, Y. Hu, Y. Nie, P.B. Singh, J.R. Khatwada, L. Yan, X. Gu & F. Wei (2018b). Predictng the for almost 35 years. His contnuing and successful stnt in Tiger Conservaton led potental distributon of the endangered Red Panda across its entre range using MaxEnt modeling. to creaton of Natonal Tiger Conservaton Ecology and Evoluton 8(21): 10542–10554. htps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4526 Authority (NTCA), Wildlife Crime Thapa, A., Y. Hu, P.C. Aryal, P.B. Singh, K.B. Shah & F. Wei (2020). The endangered red panda in Himalayas: Control Bureau, among other milestone Potental distributon and ecological habitat associates. Global Ecology and Conservaton 21: e00890. initatves. He is currently the Secretary htps://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00890 General of the Global Tiger Forum. Mr. Tripathi, S.K., A. Roy, D. Kushwaha, F. Lalnunmawia, Lalnundanga, H. Lalraminghlova, C. Lalnunzira & P.S. Mohnish Kapoor is the Head Programme Roy (2016). Perspectves of Forest Biodiversity Conservaton in Northeast India. Journal of Biodiversity, and Partnerships at Global Tiger Forum and leads the executon of GTF initatves Bioprospectng and Development 3: 2. htps://10.4172/2376-0214.1000157 across the tger range countries (TRCs). Wang, X., A. Choudhury, P. Yonzon, C. Wozencraf & Z. Than (2008). Ailurus fulgens. The IUCN Red List of He has successfully built global, natonal Threatened Species 2008: e.T714A13069919. Downloaded on 14 April 2020. htps://doi.org/10.2305/ and local partnerships and networks IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T714A13069919.en with academic, research, government Wei, F., Z.J. Feng, Z. Wang & M. Li (1999a). Feeding strategy and resource parttoning between giant and and non-government agencies for tger red pandas. Mammalia 63 (4): 417–430. htps://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1999.63.4.417 conservaton. Ms. Ridhima Solanki Wei, F., Z.J. Feng, Z. Wang & M. Li (1999b). Current distributon, status and conservaton of wild red is working as a Wildlife Biologist & GIS Expert at the Global Tiger Forum pandas Ailurus fulgens in China. Biological Conservaton 89: 285–291. Secretariat. She had earlier worked in Wildlife Protecton Act (1972). Accessed on 29 December 2020. htps://www.indiacode.nic.in/ the ‘Tiger Cell’ of Wildlife Insttute of handle/123456789/1726?view_type=browse&sam_handle=123456789/1362 India and NTCA. She is an experienced Yonzon, P.B. & M.L. Hunter (1991). Conservaton of the Red Panda Ailurus fulgens. Biological Conservaton landscape ecologist interested in 57: 1–11. landscape management and designing, Zhang, Z., J. Hu, Z. Han & F. Wei (2011). Actvity paterns of wild red pandas in Fengtongzhai Nature with expertse in carnivore community Reserve, China. Italian Journal of Zoology 78(3): 398–404. htps://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.5 ecology. 63248

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19262 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2021 | 13(9): 19254–19262

The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by OPEN ACCESS publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

August 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 9 | Pages: 19191–19390 Date of Publicaton: 26 August 2021 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2021.13.9.19191-19390

Artcles Review

On the impact of earthquake-induced landslides on Red Panda Ailurus fulgens Wild ungulates in Jordan: past, present, and forthcoming opportunites (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) habitat in Langtang Natonal Park, Nepal – Ehab Eid & David Mallon, Pp. 19338–19351 – Yogesh Rana Magar, Man Kumar Dhamala, Ajay Mathema, Raju Chauhan & Sijar Bhata, Pp. 19191–19202 Viewpoint Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulata (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in a human-modifed landscape: populaton, actvity budget, and societal perceptons in The captve populaton of the Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Linnaeus, 1758). Bangladesh The future of an endangered primate under human care – Sufa Akter Neha, Mohammad Ashraf Ul Hasan, Mohammad Abdul Baki & Subrina – Nilofer Begum, Werner Kaumanns, Alexander Sliwa & Mewa Singh, Pp. 19352–19357 Sehrin, Pp. 19203–19211

Factors afectng the species richness and compositon of bird species in a community Short Communicaton managed forest of Nepal – Bishow Poudel, Bijaya Neupane, Rajeev Joshi, Thakur Silwal, Nirjala Raut & Dol Raj Jaguar Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) presumably Thanet, Pp. 19212–19222 feeding on Flathead Catish Pylodicts olivaris (Rafnesque, 1818) (Actnopterygii: Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) at Aros and Yaqui rivers, Sonora, Mexico – Juan Pablo Gallo-Reynoso, Pp. 19358–19362 Communicatons

A large mammal survey in Koyli Alpha Community Wildlife Reserve and its Notes surroundings in the Great Green Wall extension area in Senegal – Anna Niang & Papa Ibnou Ndiaye, Pp. 19223–19231 Life near a city: actvity patern of Golden Jackal Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in a habitat adjoining Bhubaneswar, India Blackbuck Antlope cervicapra (Mammalia: Cetartodactyla: Bovidae) estmates in – Subrat Debata, Pp. 19363–19366 human-dominated landscape in Aligarh, Utar Pradesh, India – Mujahid Ahamad, Jamal A. Khan & Satsh Kumar, Pp. 19232–19238 Chemical immobilisaton of a Eurasian Lynx Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) with ketamine-dexmedetomidine mixture in Ladakh, India Diet of Leopards Panthera pardus fusca inhabitng protected areas and – Animesh Talukdar & Pankaj Raina, Pp. 19367–19369 human-dominated landscapes in Goa, India – Bipin S. Phal Desai, Avelyno D’Costa, M.K. Praveen Kumar & S.K. Shyama, Pp. 19239– White-bellied Heron Ardea insignis in Hkakabo Razi Landscape, northern Myanmar 19245 – Myint Kyaw, Paul J.J. Bates, Marcela Suarez-Rubio, Bran Shaung, Han Nyi Zaw, Thein Aung, Sai Sein Lin Oo & Swen C. Renner, Pp. 19370–19372 First record of interspecies grooming between Rafes’ Banded Langur and Long-tailed Macaque Range extension of the Common Slug Snake Pareas montcola (Cantor, 1839) – Zan Hui Lee , Andie Ang & Nadine Ruppert, Pp. 19246–19253 (Reptlia: Squamata: Pareidae): a new family record for Nepal – Dipa Rai, Manoj Pokharel & Tapil P. Rai, Pp. 19373–19375 Photographic evidence of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens Cuvier, 1825 from West Kameng and Shi-Yomi districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India First record of Mantspilla indica (Westwood, 1852) (Neuroptera: Mantspidae) – Moktan Megha, Sylvia Christ, Rajesh Gopal, Mohnish Kapoor & Ridhima Solanki, from the Western Ghats, India Pp. 19254–19262 – T.B. Suryanarayanan & C. Bijoy, Pp. 19376–19379

On the reproductve biology of the invasive Armoured Sailfn Catish Pterygoplicthys A new distributon record of the Western Ghats endemic damselfy pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the natural drainages in Melanoneura bilineata Fraser, 1922 (Insecta: Odonata) from Maharashtra, India Thiruvananthapuram, India – Yogesh Koli & Akshay Dalvi, Pp. 19380–19382 – Smrithy Raj, Suvarna S. Devi, Amrutha Joy & A. Biju Kumar, Pp. 19263–19273 A new record of the Emerald Striped Spreadwing Lestes viridulus Rambur, 1842 On the high bird diversity in the non-protected regions of Trashiyangtse District in (Zygoptera: Lestdae) from Nepal Bhutan – Manoj Sharma, Pp. 19383–19385 – Lam Norbu, Phuntsho Thinley, Tandin Wangchuck, Ugyen Dechen, Lekey Dorji, Tshering Choephel & Pasang Dorji, Pp. 19274–19292 Rediscovery of the Bhutan Primrose Primula jigmediana W.W. Smith (Angiosperms: Primulaceae) afer 87 years in Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan Populaton status and distributon of the Critcally Endangered Bengal Florican – Tez B. Ghalley, Tshering Dendup, Karma Sangay & Namgay Shacha, Pp. 19386–19388 Houbaropsis bengalensis in the grassland of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal – Ritka Prasai, Hemanta Kafey, Suraj Upadhaya, Swosthi Thapa, Pratstha Shrestha, First report of Golovinomyces sp. causing powdery mildew infecton on Alex Dudley & Yajna Prasad Timilsina, Pp. 19293–19301 Dyschoriste nagchana in Western Ghats of India – Sachin Vasantrao Thite, Pp. 19389–19390 Is habitat heterogeneity efectve for conservaton of buterfies in urban landscapes of Delhi, India? – Monalisa Paul & Aisha Sultana, Pp. 19302–19309 Publisher & Host A preliminary checklist of moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) from Gangajalghat, Bankura, West Bengal, India – Ananya Nayak, Pp. 19310–19323

First report of three species of the genus Diaphanosoma (Crustacea: Cladocera: Sididae) from Jammu waters (J&K), India – Nidhi Sharma & Sarbjeet Kour, Pp. 19324–19337

Threatened Taxa