Britain and the Dutch Revolt 1560–1700 Hugh Dunthorne Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83747-7 - Britain and the Dutch Revolt 1560–1700 Hugh Dunthorne Index More information

Index

Abjuration, Act of (1581), 19 , 81 , 175 , and English Baptists, 161 179 , 181 , 187 in New Model Army, 169 and resistance to Stuart monarchy, and toleration, 166 193 , 196 arms trade, 88 , 93 , 189 agriculture, 127 army, Dutch, 25 , 41 , 63 , 95 , 100 in Britain, 125–6 British contingent in, 11 , 47 , 63–6 , 67 , in Netherlands, 108 , 125–6 71 , 73 , 76 , 80 , 81 , 85 , 86 , 90 , 91 , Aitzing, Michael von, historian, 19 , 45 100 , 146 Allen, William, cardinal, 15 , 141 discipline, 86–7 , 95 Althusius, Johannes, jurist, xiii , 174 , 195 drill, 88–9 , 92 Politica methodice digesta (1614), 185 , failings, 79 189 garrisons, 81 , 82 , 83 , 85 , 87 Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke mutiny, 80 of, 9 , 33 , 35 , 56 , 107 , 138 , 177 pay and pensions, 84–5 Amboyna, massacre of (1623), 112 , 114 reformed, 84–9 Ames, William, theologian, 162 , 164 and toleration, 169 Amsterdam, 94 , 130 , 155 , 173 , 227 , 228 army, English church architecture, 156 county militia, 91 English separatists in, 144 , 157 , 161 , in Ireland, 65 , 91 165 in Netherlands, 64 , 71 , 86 , 89 , 90 as entrep ô t, 105 , 130 , 132 army, Spanish (army of Flanders), 11 , 24 , fi nancial institutions, 100 , 110 , 204 33 , 41 , 62 , 63 , 95 , 107 , 177 social welfare, 98 , 212 , 209 British contingent in, 66–8 , 69 , 72 , 75 , as source of news, 5 , 14 , 25 , 27 76 , 90 technical schools, 102 , 222 discipline, 79 , 95 Anabaptism, 136 mutiny, 79 , 85 Anglo-Dutch union, proposed, 203 army, Swedish, 85 , 93 , 95 , 232 Anjou, Francis, Duke of Alen çon and, 71 , Arnhem, English church in, 148 , 164 82 , 175 Artois, 141 , 148 , 150 Antwerp, 9 , 54 , 55 , 104 , 119 , 125 , 153 , Astley, Sir Jacob, army offi cer, 93 199 as entrep ô t, 105 , 106 , 108 , 132 Bacon, Sir Francis, lawyer and sack of (1576), 10 , 26 , 48 , 79 , 105 philosopher, 15 , 118 , 122 siege of (1584–85), 80 , 105 , 134 Baillie, Robert, Church of Scotland as source of news, 5 , 14 , 28 minister, 189 Armada, Spanish (1588), 6 , 40 , 59 , 90 Balfour, Sir Bartholomew, army offi cer, armies of British civil wars, 94 , 88 See also New Model Army ballads and current events, 47–53 , 114 discipline, 95–8 popular appeal of, 47 , 59 European war veterans in, 92–3 , 94 , Baptists, 164 , 165 , 169 , 170 , 173 189 roots in Netherlands, 145 , 161 and Netherlands arms trade, 93 Barry, Garret, army offi cer, 93 Arminianism, Arminians, 49 , 134 , 164 Baudouin, Fran çois, eirenicist, 166

255

256 Index

Bellers, John, philanthropist, 212 Cadiz Bentivoglio, Guido, cardinal, diplomat Anglo-Dutch expedition to (1625), 75 and historian Anglo-Dutch raid on (1596), 6 Della guerra di Fiandra (1632), 23 , 25 , Calamy, Edmund, preacher, 165 45 , 60 , 195 Calvin, John, 152 Berckenrode, Floris Balthasar van, Cambridge University, 186 , 225 engraver, 56 and Leiden, 227–8 Bergen-op-Zoom Camden, William, historian, 21–2 , 27 siege of (1588), 40 , 89 Campen, Jacob van, architect, 156 siege of (1622), 49 Canne, John, printer, 159 Bethel, Slingsby, political economist, Carleton, Sir Dudley, diplomat, 5 , 38 , 195 , 218 99 , 133 Bible, translations of Carstares, William, adviser to William Douai-Rheims (1609–10), 151 III, 230 Dutch States Bible (1637), 164 Cartwright, Thomas, theologian, 152 Geneva (1560), 158 Cary, John, merchant philanthropist, 211 King James (1611), 158 Casimir, John, Count Palatine, 71 Bilson, Thomas, bishop, 182 , 189 , 192 , Cecil, Sir Edward, army offi cer, 77 , 99 197 Cecil, Robert, fi rst Earl of Salisbury, 68 Blandie, William, soldier, 26 Chamberlain, John, newsletter writer, Blathwayt, William, secretary at war, 5 , 12 100 Charles I, King, 60 , 129 , 169, 175 , 186 , Boerhaave, Herman, chemist and 190 , 193 , 194 physician, 212 and Netherlands, 117 , 186 Bourne, Nicholas, printer, 28 as Prince of Wales, 99 Brabant, 36 , 78 , 80 , 87 , 105 , 108 , 109 , on rebellion, 186 134 , 150 , 178 and Spain, 15 , 73 , 117 Brabant, Joyous Entry of (1356), 10 , 17 , Charles II, King 178 compared to Philip II of Spain, 195 and resistance to Stuart monarchy, and Netherlands, 195 193 , 196 on rebellion, 195 Bray, Salomon de, engraver, 157 Child, Sir Josiah, merchant, 118 , 121 , Breda 122 , 123 , 223 siege of (1624–5), 13 , 24 , 49 , 58 , Christiaenz, Willem, printer, 159 62 , 96 Church of England, 145 , 148 , 152 , 160 , siege of (1637), 13 165 Brereton, Sir William, traveller, 125 , church architecture, 157 155 style of worship, 153 Brill, ‘cautionary town’, 64 , 66 , 80 , 86 , Church (Kirk) of Scotland, 156 , 160 , 145 163 , 171 Browne, Robert, separatist, 144 church architecture, 157 Bruges, 140 , 146 , 199 churches, ‘stranger’. See ‘stranger Brussels, 94 , 177 churches’ in England Buchanan, George, humanist Churchyard, Thomas, soldier poet, 10 , De iure regni apud Scotos (1579), 179 , 19 , 26 , 61 189 , 192 Clarendon, Edward Hyde, fi rst Earl of, 45 translated into Dutch, 187 , 188 Clough, Richard, merchant, 5 , 104 Buckingham, George Villiers, fi rst Duke Cokayne, William, merchant, 111 of, 126 , 186 , 227 Coke, Sir Edward, lawyer, 123 Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, 24 , 45 , Coke, Sir John, secretary of state, 129 55 , 70 , 107 , 181 Coke, Roger, political economist, 129 Burroughs, Jeremiah, Congregationalist Colchester, 138 , 210 minister, 191 Collinson, Patrick, historian, 172 Burton, Robert, writer, 119 Coloma, Carlos, historian, 45 Bush, Rice, reformer, 207 , 208 Comber, Thomas, precentor of York, 197

Index 257

Congregationalists, 164 , 169 , 170 , 173 fi nancing of, 84 , 100 , 131 roots in Netherlands, 148 historical importance, xiii and toleration, 165 military character, 78–81 Corselis, Nicholas, merchant, 210 origins, 30–6 Cotton, Sir Robert, antiquary, 40 , 183 peace negotiations, 15 , 48 , 187 Court, Pieter and Johan de la, political political thought of, 175 , 177–81 , writers, 217 199–200 Coventry, Sir William, politician, 117 as precedent for resisting Stuart Cranmer, Thomas, archbishop, 136 monarchy, 190–1 , 192–4 , 195–7 Cromwell, Oliver, Lord Protector, 228 and printing press, 8 on toleration, 169 religious consequences, 134 Crosse, William, military chaplain, 66 as school of war, 61 , 62 , 81 , 99 Culpeper, Sir Cheney, lawyer, 168 wider impact, xiii , 60 , 175– 6 , 195 Cunaeus, Petrus, philologist and jurist, as world confl ict, 41 216 East India Company Dafforne, Richard, schoolmaster, 227 Dutch, 103 , 110 , 111 , 116 Day, John, printer, 24 English, 108 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 116 Dekker, Thomas, playwright, 47 Edinburgh Deventer, surrender of (1587), 67 , 90 church architecture, 157 D’Ewes, Sir Simonds, diarist, 5 , 56 , 59 orphanage, 212 Digges, Thomas, military teaching hospital, 212 mathematician, 79 Edinburgh University, 225 Dinoth, Richard, historian, 17 , 62 and Leiden, 231 Dissenting academies Edmond, Sir William, army offi cer, 55 , and Dutch universities, 230 77 Dordrecht, Dordt Edward VI, King, 136 Synod of (1618–19), 134 , 161 , 166 , 167 Edwards, Thomas, Presbyterian Dorislaus, Isaac, jurist, 186 polemicist, 166 Douai Elizabeth I, Queen English College, 140 –1 , 143 , 150 Declaration (1585), 2 , 24 , 45 , 181 Scots and Irish colleges, 143 foreign policy, 25 , 27 , 49 Douai University, 141 and Netherlands, 15 , 64 , 65 , 70 , 71 , Downing, Calybute, preacher and 82 , 107 , 176 , 181 , 183 , 191 , 196 pamphleteer, 190 on rebellion, 70 , 181 Downing, Sir George, secretary to religious policy, 137 , 140 , 143 , 144 Treasury, 131 and Spain, 15 , 71 Downs, battle of the (1639), 53 Emden, 107 , 185 Drake, Sir William, antiquary, 45 England, English Dunkirk, 79 , 94 adopting Dutch commercial Duplessis-Mornay, Philippe, Huguenot techniques, 100 , 126–8 , 132 , 137 leader, 179 Catholic exiles in southern Dury, John, preacher and reformer, 225 Netherlands, 143 , 150 Dutch Reformed Church, 145 , 146 , 147 , commercial rivalry with Dutch, 110 –17 155 , 162 , 163 , 164 Council (later Board) of Trade, 130 church architecture, 156 Dutch, Flemish, Walloon communities style of worship, 153 , 154 in, 2 , 47 , 54 , 117 , 125 , 126 , 134 , Dutch republic. See Netherlands, United 138 , 139 , 148 , 209 Provinces of European war veterans in, 91–2 Dutch Revolt fi nancial institutions, 131 biblical interpretation of, 31 , 32 intermarriage with Dutch, 128 as civil war, 61 , 134 military recruitment in, 70–3 divine intervention, 40 as ‘maker’ of United Provinces, 12 , 90 economic consequences, 105 , 107–10 , Privy Council, 72 , 92 , 116 , 138 119–20 , 121 , 131 schools, 103 , 224 , 226–7

258 Index

England, English (cont.) Frederick V, Elector Palatine, 28 , 184 seamen in Netherlands, 63 , 102 Friesland, 17 , 26 , 78 , 108 soldiers in Netherlands, 1 , 4 , 10–12 , States of, 185 63–8 , 70 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 86 , 89 students in Netherlands, 3 , 128 , 145 , Gairdner, Andrew, merchant, 212 221–3 Gascoigne, George, soldier poet, 10 , 26 , trade with Netherlands, 106–7 74 , 79 universities, 225 , 227 Gates, Geffrey, soldier, 31, 40 , 75 English churches in Netherlands, 135 , Gelderland, 17 , 80 139 , 146 –8 , 149 , 152 , 163 Gentili, Alberico, jurist, 183 , 193 , 197 discipline, 161 Ghent, 9 , 125 military chapels, 145–6 Gheyn, Jacob de, engraver style of worship, 145 , 152 , 153 , 161 Exercise of arms (1607), 89 English civil wars (1642–48), 60 , 92 , Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, army offi cer, 64 , 94–9 71 affi nity with Dutch Revolt, 190 , 233 Glauber, Johann Rudolph, chemist, 228 English Commonwealth (1649–60) Glorious Revolution (1688–89), 60 , 176 , establishment of, 194 , 214 215 government unlike that of United affi nity with Dutch Revolt, 196–7 Provinces, 203 , 215 religious settlement, 171–2 law reform, 206 Goldsmith, Oliver, in Netherlands, 231 poor relief, 210 Goltzius, Hendrik, engraver, 54 reform of education, 224–6 , 228 Goodwin, Thomas, Congregationalist religious settlement, 169 minister, 164 Episcopius, Simon, theologian, 166 , 170 Apologeticall narration (1644), 164 , 165 Erasmus, Desiderius, and toleration, 166 Gosson, Stephen, preacher, 48 Erpenius, Thomas, orientalist, 227 Grand Remonstrance (1641), 74 Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, Granvelle, Antoine Perronet de, cardinal, 26 , 183 33 , 107 Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl of, 93 ’s Gravesande, Arent van, architect, 156 Evelyn, John, diarist, 56 , 77 , 99 ’s Gravesande, Willem, mathematician, 230 Fairfax, Sir Thomas, army offi cer, 76 , Grenville, Sir Richard, army offi cer, 93 93 , 98 Gresham, Sir Thomas, merchant, 5 , 104 Firmin, Thomas, merchant Greville, Robert, Lord Brooke, 167 philanthropist, 211 Grimeston, Edward, translator fi sheries, 108 , 111 , 113 , 116 , 129 Generall historie of the Netherlands Flanders (province), 80 , 105 , 108 , 135 , (1608), 6 , 19 , 20 , 42 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 160 , 178 , 210 166 , 193 , 200 Catholic exiles in, 140 , 143 , 149 , 150 Grindal, Edmund, bishop, 152 war in, 36 , 78 , 105 , 109 , 134 , 138 , 141 Groningen (city) Fletcher, John, and Philip Massinger siege of (1594), 13 , 86 The tragedy of Sir John van Olden Groningen (province), 80 Barnavelt (1619), 8 , 49 , 59 , 61 Groningen University, 220 , 221 Flushing, 102 Grotius, Hugo, jurist, 23 , 186 , 189 , 193 ‘cautionary town’, 64 , 66 , 80 , 145 as historian, 21 , 25 , 60 , 195 , 199–200 Fowler, Edward, bishop, 197 on state and church, 164 France, 63 , 65 , 75 , 136 , 212 as theologian, 166 , 167 Catholic exiles in, 141 De iure belli ac pacis (1625), 185 , 191 threatened by Spain, 40 Mare liberum (1609), 113 Wars of Religion, 8 , 41 , 78 , 90 , 187 , Guicciardini, Lodovico, merchant 191 , 232 Description of the Low Countries (1567), Franeker University, 145 , 162 , 216 , 220 105 , 223 Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Gunpowder Plot (1605), 68 stadholder, 53 , 91 Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, 53 , 92

Index 259

Haarlem, 109 , 156 military recruitment in, 72 Hague, The, 88 rebellion (1641–50), 68 , 92 Hainaut, 78 schools, 227 Hale, Matthew, barrister, 206 soldiers in Netherlands, 63 , 67 , 76 , 90 Hall, John, pamphleteer, 219 Halle (Saxony), 211 , 230 , 232 Jacob, Henry, semi-separatist minister, Harrington, James, political theorist, 217 140, 162 Hartlib, Samuel, reformer, 208 , 224 , 228 ‘Jacobite’ churches in Netherlands, circle of, 168 , 207 , 224 162 , 164 Heereboord, Adrianus, philosopher, 230 James I (James VI of Scotland), King, 87 Helwys, Thomas, Baptist, 145 and Anglo-Spanish marriage, 15 , 73 , and toleration, 165 117 Henderson, Alexander, Covenanter, 189 foreign policy, 49 , 183 Henricpetri, Adam, jurist and Netherlands, 117 , 184 Tragicall historie of … the Lowe Countries on rebellion, 183 (1575, 1583), 16 , 18 , 26 , 30 , 42 , 61 religious policy, 140 , 147 , 152 , 156 Herbert, Sir Edward, soldier, 77 and Spain, 65 , 184 ’s-Hertogenbosch, siege of (1629), 28 , 91 James II (James VII of Scotland), King, Heuvel, Joachim van den, painter, 153 60 , 171 , 176 , 197 Hexham, Henry, soldier and linguist, 11 , Jews, and freedom of worship, 170 26 , 84 Joachimi, Albert, diplomat, 5 histories, contemporary John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen, 89 of Britain, 21 Jonson, Ben, poet, 47 , 49 circulation of, 42–6 of Netherlands, 5 , 6 , 16–21 , 22–3 , Kayll, Robert, pamphleteer, 118 30–46 , 60 , 61 , 181 , 195 Keyser, Hendrick de, architect, 156 universal, 21 Hogenberg, Frans, engraver, 19 Languet, Hubert, diplomat, 4 , 5 , 179 , Holland (province), 17 , 69 , 86 , 108 , 109 , 182 119 , 125 , 128 , 134 , 140 , 145 , 146 , Lasco, John à, reformer, 136 155 , 156 , 158 , 160 , 200 , 205 , 210 , Laud, William, archbishop, 135 , 148 , 217 164 , 187 States of, 21 , 24 , 84 , 100 , 128 , 174 , compared to Granvelle, 190 198 , 199 , 217 Le Clerc, Jean, theologian, 230 synod of, 148 , 163 Le Petit, Jean Franç ois, historian, 19 , trade, 105 , 106 , 108 , 222 , 227 45 , 58 war in, 55 , 63 , 78 Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 12 , 67 , Holles family, 76 , 84 76 , 182 Holles, Thomas, army offi cer, 85 compared to Joshua, 75 Hondius, Hendrik, engraver, 57 expedition to Netherlands, 7 , 26 , 64 , Hooke, Robert, architect, 157 72 , 80 , 89 , 90 , 145 hospitals governor-general of Netherlands, 55 , military, 98 82, 198 for poor and sick, 201, 211–12 and military discipline, 86 teaching, 212 , 224 as patron of letters, 25 , 26 Howell, James, traveller, xiii , 30 , 38 , 39 , Leiden, 109 45 , 60 , 109 , 122 church architecture, 156 Hugo, Herman, Jesuit author, 24 English separatists in, 145 , 157 , 159 Hunton, Philip, pamphleteer, 191 press, 189 siege of (1573–74), 40 , 219 Independents. See Congregationalists teaching hospital, 212 , 224 Ireland, Irish, 74 , 100 , 215 technical institute, 220 adopting Dutch skills, 126 Leiden University, 145 , 212 , 220–1 , 222 , Catholic exiles in southern 223 , 229 , 230 Netherlands, 143 , 150 foundation of, 219

260 Index

Leslie, Alexander, fi rst Earl of Leven, 92 from Britain and Ireland to liberty of conscience. See toleration Netherlands, 134 , 140 –5 , 148–9 , Liè ge, 148 194 Limburg, 78 military, 70 , 92 , 93 Lincoln, 92 from Netherlands to England, 107 , literacy 134 , 135 , 138 , 148 in England, 46 from southern to northern in Netherlands, 121 , 223 Netherlands, 105 , 109 , 119 , 134 Lloyd, Charles, military engineer, 94 Milton, John, Latin secretary to Council Locke, John, in Netherlands, 171 of State, 215 , 225 London, 48 , 100 , 169 , 172 , 228 , 229 Tenure of kings and magistrates (1649), Artillery Company, 28 , 49 193 church architecture, 157 Monck, George, army offi cer, 75 , 93 Dutch church in, 24 , 70 , 136–7 , 153 , Morgan, Sir Thomas, soldier, 70 155 , 163 , 227 Morgan, Walter, soldier, 55 as entrep ô t, 130 Moryson, Fynes, traveller, 3 , 38 , 119 , 155 fi nancial institutions, 131 , 172 Mun, Thomas, merchant, 104 , 112 , 118 , schools, 103 , 210 , 211 , 226 , 227 119 social welfare, 99 , 210–11 , 212 , 213 Mundy, Peter, traveller, 121 Louvain Musschenbroek, Petrus van, physicist, Irish College, 143 230 Louvain University, 141 Mylne, John, mason, 156 Low Countries. See Netherlands Namur, 78 Maastricht, siege of (1632), 94 Navigation Acts (1651, 1660), 117 , 130 Makin, Bathsua, scholar and teacher, antecedents, 116 226 navy, Dutch, 78 Marck, Johannes à, theologian, 229 British seamen in, 63 , 65 , 90 , 102 Margaret, Duchess of Parma, 9 , 177 discipline, 102 maritime trade navy, English, 103 , 116 , 126 European, 79 , 93 , 106–7 , 120 , 122 , 128 Nedham, Marchamont, journalist, 217 overseas, 110 , 111 , 113 , 116 , 128 Netherlands (region as a whole) Marnix, Philip, Lord of St Aldegonde, 9 , constitutional tradition, 35 , 37 , 178 , 104 , 174 , 177 198 Marshall, Stephen, preacher, 192 divided, 36 , 175 Mary I, Queen, 137 , 140 fortresses in, 80 Massinger, Philip, playwright geography, 81 , 106 , 121 The Bond-man (1624), 49 iconoclasm in, 104–5 , 138 , 141 , 177 Maurice, Count of Nassau, stadholder, nobility, 9 , 35 , 54 , 177 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 47 , 48 , 83 , 91 , 92 , pamphleteering tradition, 10 184 , 198 Spanish tyranny in, 2 , 33 , 35, 47 , 48 , military reforms, 84–9 , 92 56 , 178 , 182 , 195 and Stoicism, 85 Netherlands, southern (or Spanish) medals of Dutch Revolt, 32 , 54 , 54–5 , 56 Catholic exiles in, 3 , 15 , 134 , 135 , Meldrum, Sir John, army offi cer, 95 140 –3 , 149 , 150 , 173 Merchant Adventurers Company, 106 , colleges, 139 , 143 , 150 107 as military regime, 38 church of, 146 , 148 , 152 , 154 social character, 38 , 39 Meteren, Emanuel van, historian Netherlands, United Provinces of Historia Belgica (1598), 6 , 19 , 42 , 193 British communities in, 3 , 87 , 128 , metrical psalms, 137 , 153–5 , 161 134 , 144 –5 , 147 , 157 , 167 , 171 , 194 , Middelburg, 102 , 107 221–3 church architecture, 156 British students in, 229 English separatists in, 144 commercial rivalry with England, migration, 121 110 –17

Index 261

as economic model, 102 , 119–20 , Orlers, Jan, printer, 21, 26 , 58 125–6 Ormiston, Andrew, army offi cer, 64 , 69 economic transformation, 108–10 , 201 orphanages, 201 , 211 , 212 , 209 , 213 emergence, 1 , 37 , 176 , 198–9 , 200 Osborne, Francis, writer, 39 fi nancial institutions, 110 , 123 , 131 Ostend, 80 its government admired, 176 , 201–3 , siege of (1601–4), 13 , 62 , 65 , 72 204–5 , 207 , 210–12 , 216 , 233 Ottoman Turkey, 41 legal system, 39 , 122 , 123 , 176 , 201 , Overbury, Sir Thomas, traveller, 38 , 40 , 204–5 121 merchants in government, 38 , 122 Overijssel, 80 , 146 , 148 as model for reform of education, 224 , Overton, Richard, Leveller, 167 , 202 225 , 226 , 227–8 , 231 , 232 Oxford University, 225 , 229 as parliamentary regime, 37 , 175 , 198 , and Leiden, 227–8 199 , 202 public debate in, 3 pamphlets and regicide, 194 manuscript copies, 5 , 180 religious settlement, 133 , 135 , 170 , pamphleteering tradition in 171 Netherlands, 10 schools, 102 , 121 , 128 , 220 , 222 , 226 print runs of, 59 social character, 39 , 122 pamphlets on Dutch Revolt sovereignty of provincial states, 19 , 37 , circulation of, 41–2 , 43 , 46–7 , 50 , 180 200 , 201 Dutch and French, translated into stadholderate, 37 , 200 English, 8–10 , 13–14 , 15–16 , 177 , States General, 9 , 10 , 37 , 64 , 65 , 71 , 180 73 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 111 , 146 , 147 , 148 , English, 10–12 , 15 159 , 184 , 193 , 198 , 203 Paris, 212 , 228 taxation, 39 , 122 , 202 parliament, 68 , 143 , 144 , 170 , 186 , toleration in, 123 , 167 , 168 , 170 , 173 215 universities, 220 Barebone’s (1653), 206 , 207 New Model Army, 169 economic policy, 100 , 116 , 129–30 mutiny, 85 and foreign policy, 184 , 186 pay and pensions, 98 law reform, 204 , 205 in politics, 203 and Netherlands, 190 , 203 , 214 and toleration, 168 , 169 and social welfare, 98 , 207 , 210 Newark, siege of (1644), 95 , 97 sovereignty of, 193 newsbooks, newspapers, 25 , 28 and toleration, 168 , 169 emergence, 13–14 , 57 Long (1640–53), 74 , 163 , 190 , 204 illustrated, 57 Rump (1648–53), 169 , 194 , 203 , 207 , newsletters, manuscript, 4–5 214 , 226 Nieuwpoort, battle of (1600), 12 , 48 , 91 Parma, Alexander Farnese, Duke of, 9 , Norris, Sir John, military commander, 22 , 71 , 80 , 109 , 138 , 143 12 , 71 , 91 Peacham, Henry, writer, 57 Norris, Rafe, ballad singer, 48 Pentland Rising (1666), 195 Norwich, 125 , 138 , 144 , 157 , 210 Pepys, Samuel, naval administrator, 102 Nye, Philip, Congregationalist minister, Perizonius, Jacob, historian, 230 164 , 167 Persons, Robert, Jesuit, 160 Peter, Hugh, Congregationalist minister Ogle, Sir John, army offi cer, 66 and reformer, 124 , 132 Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van, advocate of and English church in Rotterdam, 148 , Holland, 21 , 37 , 48 , 83 , 87 , 91 , 198 162 , 167 , 205 O’Neill, Owen Roe, military commander, on government, 174 , 216 76 , 93 on law, 123 , 204 , 205 oral culture on toleration, 168 in Britain, 2 , 4 , 46–53 Petty, Sir William, physician and in Netherlands, 3 , 46 reformer, 120 , 222 , 224 , 228

262 Index

Philip II, king of Spain, 9 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , in Netherlands, 175 , 177–81 141 , 177 , 178 , 180 , 183 , 191 , 195 , in Scotland, 189–90 , 195–6 199 , 200 Rheims, 141 pictorial culture Rijmenant, battle of (1578), 11 , 31 , 79 in England, 57–8 Roberts, Lewes, merchant, 118 in Netherlands, 54 , 57 Robinson, Henry, merchant and playhouses, plays reformer, 167 , 207 and current events, 48–9 , 50 Robinson, John, separatist theologian, 145 censorship, 8 , 112 Robinson, Richard, translator, 6 , 19 , 26 popular appeal of, 59 Roman Catholic Church Poor Law, Elizabethan, 208 in Britain and Ireland, 140 , 150–1 , 172 Portugal, 41 Counter-Reformation, 150 , 151 , 160 , Pory, John, newsletter writer, 5 173 Poyntz, Sydnam, army offi cer, 74 in southern Netherlands, 149 Presbyterianism, Presbyterians, 157 , 170 , in United Provinces, 172 173 Rotterdam, 93 , 110 , 124 church government, 163 church architecture, 157 in England, 163 , 165 , 168 English church, 147 , 148 , 162 , 164 in Netherlands, 147 , 152 , 161 , 163 technical schools, 102 , 220 , 224 press Ruse, Henrik, military engineer, 100 , 101 in England, 7–8 , 24 , 28 , 57–9 , 158 , 180 , 184 St Bartholomew, massacre of (1572), 138 , in southern Netherlands, 134 , 141 , 179 150 , 173 St Omer, English Jesuit College at, 142 , in United Provinces, 8 , 134 , 157–60 , 143 , 151 173 , 189 Scheldt estuary, 80, 81 , 105 , 106 press censorship, 27 , 159 , 160 Schilders, Richard, printer, 146 , 154 prints, Dutch or Flemish, on Dutch schools Revolt, 19 , 54 commercial, 128 , 220 , 222 , 226 imported into England, 54–7 elementary, 121 , 220 , 223 , 224 , 226 not much imitated, 57–9 secondary, 143 , 220 , 226 Protestant cause, international, 4 , 7 , 11 , technical, 103 , 220 , 222 25 , 28 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 59 , 73 , 74 , 75–6 workhouse, 210 , 211 Prynne, William, lawyer and Schurman, Anna Maria van, scholar, 224 pamphleteer, 159 , 193 Scotland, Scots, 46 , 129 , 215 Puritans, 144 , 163 adopting Dutch skills, 126 in Dutch army, 85 , 169 Catholic exiles in southern in Netherlands, 160 Netherlands, 143 ‘political Puritans’, 25 , 26 , 175 , 182 churches in United Provinces, 139 , and ‘stranger churches’ in England, 146 , 149 , 157 137–8 , 140 , 152 Covenanters’ rebellion (1639–40), 60 , 92 , 163 , 187–90 , 233 Raleigh, Sir Walter, explorer, 72 , 119 , intermarriage with Dutch, 87 , 128 202 , 233 law reform, 206 Raymond, Thomas, soldier, 77 military recruitment in, 69–70 recruitment, military, 74 parliament, 171 conscription, 69 , 72 Privy Council, 70 , 74 reasons for enlisting, 74–7 schools, 226–7 Remonstrants, 167–8 , 170 , 171 , seamen in Netherlands, 63 , 102 See also Arminianism 134 , 166 soldiers in Netherlands, 11 , 63–4 , republican thought, Dutch and English, 65–8 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 85 , 88 , 90 , 91 199 , 216–18 students in Netherlands, 3 , 128 , 145 , resistance to authority, justifi ed 212 , 221–3 , 230 in England, 15 , 181–4 , 186 , 191–4 , trade with Netherlands, 106 196–7 universities, 225 , 230–1

Index 263

Scott, Thomas, military chaplain and De bello Belgico (1632, 1647), 22 , 25 , pamphleteer, 26 , 75 , 120 , 125 45 , 58 , 195 Vox populi (1620), 5 , 59 Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, fi rst Earl Scriverius, Petrus, humanist, 200 of, compared to Alva, 190 Selden, John, his Mare clausum (1632), ‘stranger churches’ in England, 24 , 70 , 113 135 , 136–40 , 148 , 152 , 153 , 155 , separatist churches, 144 –5 , 157 , 161 161 , 163 , 172 , 227 style of worship, 161 discipline, 137 sermons and current events, 47 , 48 , 49 , as models of Reformed practice, 136 , 50 137 , 152 Sheppard, William, legal writer, 206 and poor relief, 209 Shields, Alexander, Covenanter, 196 style of worship, 137 shipbuilding industry Sylvius, Charles, printer, 24 in England, 102 , 111 , 129 in Netherlands, 102 , 109 , 120 , 128 Taylor, William, of Weybridge, 6 Shute, William, translator, 26 Temple, Sir William, diplomat Sichem, Karel van, engraver, 20 , 58 Observations upon … the Netherlands Sidney, Algernon, political writer, 218 (1673), 109 , 118 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 215 , Sidney, Sir Philip, poet and soldier, 4 , 5 , 233 25 , 26 , 75 , 80 , 124 textile industry Arcadia (1590), 182 in Britain, 111 , 126 Sidney, Sir Robert, governor of Flushing, in Netherlands, 109 , 111 12 , 48 Thou, Jacques-Auguste de, historian, siege maps, printed, 11 , 56 , 57 21–2 , 42–5 Skippon, Philip, army offi cer, 93 toleration Smith, Adam, on academic salaries, 231 and Dutch Revolt, 33 , 133 , 166 , 167 , Smyth, John, separatist, 145 172 social welfare debated in England, 165–9 , 170 debated in England, 207–9 in Scotland, 171 in Netherlands, 176 in United Provinces, 123 , 167 , 168 , in southern Netherlands, 210 170 , 173 in United Provinces, 201 , 207–9 , Toleration Act 210–12 (1650), 169 Southampton, 138 (1689), 171 , 172 Spain, 40 translators, 19 , 24 , 25 , 60 Dutch satire against, 58 Travers, Walter, Puritan chaplain, resources overstretched, 40–1 , 90 152 threat to England, 40 , 53 , 91 treaties threat to Netherlands, 53 Nonsuch (1585, tyranny of, in Netherlands, 2 , 33 , 35 , England-Netherlands), 15 , 24 , 26 , 47 , 48 , 56 , 178–9 , 182 , 195 40 , 64 , 65 , 71 , 145 , 181 universal monarchy, 9 , 34 Greenwich (1596, Spínola, Ambrogio, military commander, England-France-Netherlands), 40 24 London (1598, England-Netherlands), Spinoza, Benedict de, his republican 65 , 183 writings, 217 London (1604, England-Spain), 65 , Spitsbergen, 111 , 113 67 , 72 , 184 Stanley, Sir William, army offi cer, 67 , London (1624, Britain-Netherlands), 75 53 , 66 , 73 , 184 Stapleton, Thomas, Catholic theologian, Southampton (1625, 141 Britain-Netherlands), 184 Steenwijk, siege of (1591), 13 Madrid (1630, England-Spain), 73 Stewart, James, Covenanter, 195 Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon, admiral, Stocker, Thomas, translator, 26 , 61 53 , 56 Strada, Famiano, Jesuit historian Turnhout, battle of (1597), 48

264 Index

Twelve Years Truce (1609–21), 21 , 80 , Thirty Years (1618–48), 8 , 92 , 184 86 , 110 , 146 , 184 , 187 Anglo-Spanish (1625–30), 14 , 53 , 63 , 68 , 117 , 186 Uniformity, Act of Anglo-French (1627–29), 117 (1559), 140 Mantuan succession (1627–31), 41 , 90 (1662), 170 , 228 Anglo-Dutch (1652–54, 1665–67, Utrecht (city), 75 , 88 1672–74), 117 , 129 , 132 , 194 , 234 teaching hospital, 224 Franco-Dutch (1672–79), 194 , 234 Utrecht (province), 17 , 146 Nine Years (1688–97), 131 , 214 Utrecht University, 220 , 229 , 230 Welwood, James, physician and Utrecht, Union of (1579), 17 , 172 , 175 pamphleteer, 196 Westminster Assembly of Divines, 164 Veer, Ellert de, Amsterdam magistrate, Weston, Sir Richard, agriculturalist, 125 187 Whitbourne, Sir Richard, colonizer, 118 Veere, 94 , 106 , 146 Whiteway, William, diarist, 42 Vere, Sir Francis, army offi cer, 12 , 48 , Whitgift, John, archbishop, 144 , 152 77 , 86 , 91 Widmet, John, printer, 17 Vere, Sir Horace, army offi cer, 77 , 85 William I, Prince of Orange, stadholder, Verhoeven, Abraham, printer, 57 35 , 54 , 56 , 63 , 71 , 78 , 174 , 180 , 182 , Verstegan, Richard, journalist, 15 219 Vindiciae contra tyrannos (1579), 28 , 179 circle of, 24 , 166 , 179 Visscher, Claes Janszoon, engraver, 57 manifestoes, 9 , 41 , 177 Voltaire, Franç ois-Marie Arouet, on religious policy, 9 , 17 , 166 England, 172 Apologie (1581), 10 , 24 , 178 , 191 , 196 Voster, Elias, schoolmaster, 227 William II, Prince of Orange, stadholder, Vranck, Fran çois, pensionary of Gouda 217 Short exposition (1587), 19 , 199–200 , William III, Prince of Orange, 216 stadholder-king, 60 , 100 , 131 , 194 , Vulcanius, Bonaventura, humanist, 220 197 , 211 , 214 religious policy, 171 Waldegrave, Robert, printer, 24 William Louis, Count of Nassau, 37 , 89 Wales, Welsh, 46 , 126 Williams, Sir Roger, soldier, 12 , 26 , 62 , Catholic exiles in southern 64 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 91 Netherlands, 141 , 143 Willoughby, Peregrine Bertie, Lord, 12 , education, 226 , 228 73 , 89 European war veterans in, 92 Wilson, John, printer, 151 law reform, 206 Winsem, Pier van, historian, 22 military recruitment in, 72 , 73 Witt, Johan de, pensionary of Holland, soldiers in Netherlands, 12 , 63 , 64 , 71 , 218 76 , 77 , 91 , 94 Wolfe, John, printer, 13 , 17 , 28 , 42 , 57 Wallington, Nehemiah, artisan, 46 Worsley, Benjamin, projector, 123 , 228 Walsingham, Sir Francis, secretary of Wren, Christopher, architect, 157 state, 24 , 25 , 26 , 71 , 76 , 182 Wren, Matthew, master of Peterhouse, Walwyn, William, Leveller, 168 186 war fi nance in Britain, 100 , 131 Yarranton, Andrew, engineer and in Netherlands, 84 , 100 , 131 agriculturalist, 118 Wariston, Sir Archibald Johnston, Lord, 189 Zeeland, 17 , 69 , 71 , 86 , 125 , 134 , 140 , wars 145 , 146 , 155 , 156 , 158 , 160 , 200 Eighty Years (1568–1648). See Dutch States of, 198 Revolt synod of, 163 Anglo-Spanish (1585–1604), 63 , 65 , trade, 105 , 106 , 108 , 222 , 227 183 war in, 40 , 55 , 63 , 78