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K; OUTDO( Entomologists Guard Against Spread of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases

HE Division of Entomology was first that may be infested with insects or W DIANA T established by the Legislature in plant diseases may be introducing some 1907 and known at that time as the State pest. Quarantine stations established on Entomologist's Office. It is interesting to our highways is one means of preventing Vol. XVI, No. 2 Issued Monthly note that the demand for such a regula- the distribution of suspected host plant FEBRUARY, 1949 tory office was brought about by the material. This highway quarantine sta- Address all communications, Editor, Outdoor Indiana, introduction of the San Jose scale and tion has been used only once in Indiana 401 State Library Bldg., Indianapolis 9, Ind. the threatened destruction of all orchards and that was in 1927 and 1928 when SUBSCRIPTION PRICE by this pest. San Jose scale is still with stations were established to prevent the 1 Year ...... $1.00 2 Years...... $1.75 us but is easily controlled with present- distribution of the European corn borer. 3 Years...... $2.50 day spray chemicals and modern spray The division is charged with the in- Special Rates to Conservation Clubs equipment. spection and certification of all nursery The original law has been amended stock. All this stock, classified as nur- several times, but basically remains the sery stock, must be inspected at least same in that the public is given protec- once each year. Nursery stock covers a CONTENTS tion against the dissemination of insect wide range of plants such as fruit, shade, pests and plant diseases on nursery stock. Page ornamental and perennial stock, and BUSY ENTOMOLOGISTS ...... 1 The division is also charged with the such stock cannot be legally disposed of DISAPPEARING LAKEFRONTS ...... 2 duty of guarding against the introduc- unless it has been certified as apparently PICTURESQUE YELLOWWOOD FOREST 3 tion of new and not widely disseminated free of dangerous insects or plant dis- LINCOLN HONORED ...... 5 plant pests. This latter duty is one that WILDLIFE STAMPS ...... 6 eases. Many destructive pests of nur- POLLUTION FIGHT ...... 7 the public is not too familiar with, but sery stock are widely distributed, but HUNGRY INSECTS ...... 8 due to our laws regulating the movement this service assures the public that the UNCLE JIM ...... 9 of plant material and a cooperative stock is apparently free of pests when INDIANA'S PARKS OFFER ...... 10 arrangement with the U. S. Department secured from a nursery in Indiana. THE "BOWFIN" ...... 12 of Agriculture, the introduction of many TRI-STATE HIGHWAY ...... 13 Bee inspection is another important plant pests has been prevented and a FORT FINNEY LIVES AGAIN...... 15 duty of the division. This work is under few incipient insect outbreaks have been UNSUNG HEROES ...... 16 the supervision of an experienced apiar- SONG BIRDS OF INDIANA...... 19 checked. ist. Most people probably think that all THE QUESTION BOX...... 19 The problem of preventing plant pest you have to do to get honey is to have THE EDITOR'S PAGE...... 20 introductions is much more complicated ----- today than it was back in the horse a few colonies of bees and add a few supers from time to time. Beekeeping is Editor and buggy days. Modern transportation actually a complicated business, and to BOB HOOVER makes it much easier to transport live plant material thousands of miles with be successful the apiarist must be con- Associate Editor reasonable assurance that it will live. stantly on the job. JOAN SCHAUB The movement of such plant material, It is the duty of the bee inspectors to unless regulated, always involves a big hold the destructive bee diseases to a THE COVER risk of introducing new pests that may minimum and thus protect not only the The serene blue limestone building pictured be destructive to Indiana agriculture. honey crop, but also the crops that must on OUTDOOR INDIANA'S cover this month is In- The tourist motoring to all parts of the have insects to act as pollinizing agents diana's first state capitol building at Corydon. This shot was made by C. Molinelli of Martins- country and picking up plant material in order to get the maximum yield. ville and was a winner in a photo contest con- ducted by this magazine. Although the building today is a picture of peace and serenity, it was alive with activity as the first legislative body met there in June of EDITORIAL BOARD 1816 to frame a Constitution. As Indiana's 86th General Assembly holds HENRY F. SCHRICKER forth this month in Indianapolis and the pres- Governor ent State Capitol building gets a STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION work-out, let us Samuel C. Hadden, Chairman Jasper Jones Albert J. Wedeking Thomas B. McDonald not forget the old stone structure at INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION Corydon, which has been restored Lisle Wallace, Chairman Howard Hiestand Benton J. Bloom Wm. J. Scheidler to its original state Kenneth M. Kunkel, Director and is preserved Permission for republication of any material from this issue is hereby given with a request that proper "as a memorial to credit be given and marked copies forwarded to the Editor. Responsibility for the return of unsolicited the pioneers who manuscripts and photographs is not assumed unless sender's request is accompanied by a self-addressed, established the stamped envelope. Commonwealth Published monthly at 406 State Library Bldg., Indianapolis, Indiana, by the Indiana Department of of Conservation, Division of Pubic Relations. Entered as second-class matter July 7, 1947, at the post office Indiana." at Indianapolis, Indiana, under the act of March 3, 1879.

OUTDOOR INDIANA 0 Page 1 INDIANA'S DISAPPEARING LAKE FRONTS

Are Hoosiers Destined lakes provide for a roadway between the NOTIndiana long ago newspaper an editor wrote of a northernthis de- to be "Fenced Out" of lots and the lake shore, but only in a partment that many of its readers are Our Natural Lakes? few cases are such roadways improved or alarmed because of the problem of the made accessible to the public. Instead, rapidly disappearing Indiana lake shore- some have been absorbed as part of the lines still open to the public. This is a front lawn by the adjacent cottage owner. matter which has been of deep concern There are cases where such roadways in former haunts of waterfowl. The to the department for some time, as well have been constructed and the lot owners sound of the powered bulldozer replaces as to a great many conservation-minded have filled in along the shore and thus the call of the wild geese. Along the and nature-loving people. It is a prob- created a plot of ground large enough to shore on each lot of 40 or 50-foot front- lem that the public as a whole should provide for a small cottage. In the ma- age appears an alignment of buildings think about. Our natural lakes are one jority of cases the public right-of-ways ranging from shed-like structures to of the state's important assets, but they are located back of the cottages which mansions, many of questionable archi- are falling more and more under control face the lake. tectural design with no regard to the of the comparatively few. have extend- natural setting in which they have been Real estate developments from the shore The writer of the letter mentioned placed. From them emanate sounds ed a considerable distance access continued to say that private ownership originating in far-off cities that are for- on a great many lakes. To provide water's edge for cottage sites of lake front property is crowding out eign to the solitude of even a generation to the adjacent to the lake, some the public. Certainly, he adds, the few ago. From the roadway back of the which are not to the shore state parks and other beaches open to buildings the public can occasionally plats show right-of-ways groups of from six to 10, or the public are not adequate. There re- catch a glimpse of the lake between the between lake front lots. They may be only main many thousands of people who do cottages, providing a wall, a hedge or a more, enough for a path or some provide not own lake front cottages and some clothesline, filled with clothes, does not wide these right-of-ways lack even the money to rent a cottage obstruct the view. for roads but not all for a week. have been improved or even made acces- There are some lakes in Indiana that sible to the public. Adjacent lot owners Indiana has around 600 natural lakes, almost completely surrounded by are can, and in many cases have, petitioned some of which cannot be surpassed in These cottages have private cottages. to have such right-of-ways vacated. It scenic beauty. With very few exceptions piers or other boat landing facilities. In requires constant vigilance on the part of all these lakes, until a few years ago, some places the outer end of the piers public spirited individuals to prevent retained the shorelines and the surround- are built into small platforms, enclosed such action. ing marsh lands bordered by native trees by fences and provided with one or more of our lakes, according to the and shrubs with which they were en- benches from which the cottage owners On most director of the Water Resources Divi- dowed by nature. But the trend now is can fish with the greatest degree of com- sion, there is no way that the public that every year more lake shores are fort. For an outsider to approach the can launch a boat on the water with- excluded from the public by private in- end of the pier in a boat for the purpose out trespassing or obtaining permis- terests. New additions are laid out by of fishing would be considered by the sion from land owners abutting the lake. development companies and cottage owners as trespassing. so-called At the present rate of development it will "for sale" signs for lake front lots appear Some real estate additions adjoining (Continued on Page 18)

Page 2 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA Picturesque C/d/owwood State Forest!

"I WANT to see a yellowwood tree." Nature Struggles to as one of the most beautiful trees in This slightly poetic request is often Restore the Fertility America and he recommends its use as made by visitors to Yellowwood State Man Has Destroyed a shade tree in rural and suburban areas Forest. Strangely enough this request is on well drained, fertile soil. rather difficult to grant, for the yellow- The state forest which was named for wood is not a common tree anywhere in this unusual tree is located in western Indiana. In fact it is found north of the drying that they were practically use- Brown county along Monroe county line Ohio river only in a small area of Brown less. The interest in the tree, then, lies Its 20,000 acres make it the largest state county which includes part of the state not in its value, but in its rarity. The tree forest in Indiana. The area was originally park and the southern portion of Yel- is usually found in moist, shady spots purchased by the federal government as lowwood State Forest. The tree was first from ravine to ridge top-usually on a a part of the Resettlement Administra- discovered (botanically) by three CCC northern exposure. The bark is similar tion Program. The area was classified as foresters (including the writer) who were in appearance to beech, but the leaf submarginal for farming. Landowners cruising timber in Brown County State resembles an ash, being pinnately com- who sold out moved to other parts of the Park in 1933. Later a tree about 18 pound. There is a difference, however, in state to farms capable of supporting inches in diameter was felled and sawed that the leaflets are staggered on the cen- them. When this branch of the federal into boards. These were to be used for a tral stem and the branching is alternate government was discontinued, the land table top, but the boards, a bright yellow while the ash has opposite branching. was leased to the Indiana Department of in color, warped and twisted so badly in This tree is described by R. B. Hough Conservation for a period of 95 years.

Scenic Yellowwood Lake, shown below, provides not only the many recreational facilities described in the accompanying story, but a beautiful background for just plain rest and relaxation. This occurred in 1941. The forest extends 17 miles north and south and six miles east and west, but is not contiguous. It is roughly divided by Salt creek and Bean Blossom valleys into three portions, the south, central and northern. The south and central portions join the Hoosier National Forest and the northern por- tion joins Morgan-Monroe State Forest. An outstanding feature of this forest is Yellowwood Lake, which has often been described as Indiana's most beau- tiful lake. This 167-acre body of water has become the favorite playground of thousands of Hoosiers. The excellent fishing, the cool, shaded picnic grounds, boating on the blue, placid water bor- two million board feet. This growth The Soil. In the beginning the soil was dered by verdant forests, the picturesque should increase as the forest ages and is fertile, game was abundant, timber was winding forest roads all serve as com- improved by cultural management to unlimited-a full life was there for the pelling attractions to bring visitors back 4,000,000 board feet annually. plucking. But these hardy people did time and again. Although the lake is the prime attrac- not understand the soil. The heavy clay tion at Yellowwood, visitors should take consistency of the ridge soils required time to follow one of the old, well beaten, large quantities of vegetative material to but long abandoned roads into the hin- remain friable. This disappeared. The terland-roads which have never known thin coating of topsoil quietly but unde- rubber tires, but have felt the beat of niably slipped away. The remaining many a hoof. Follow one of these fading earth, though abundant in minerals, be- roads back until suddenly you come out came packed, impervious, sour, unman- of the woods into a clearing. Here is the ageable. real story of Yellowwood, for here in this The people did not understand the clearing can be found unmistakable signs forest. It seemed unlimited, but wasn't. of a former home-a happy home, a At first areas were stripped of timber home at one time filled with hope for the and the logs piled and burned; later in future. These facts are evident from the the remaining woods only the best trees Two other lakes on the property are planning which went into the home. were cut and sold, poor species being equally attractive, but are smaller and Rare is the homesite indeed where can- left; later even small trees were cut and not so widely known. Hidden in wooded not be found lilacs, japonica, spirea, and hewed into crossties for the railroads that were sweeping across the county. Finally ravines on quiet roads these lovely lakes, other attempts at beautification; a berry- "Bear" in the northern portion, and patch, and pear, plum, cherry and apple good timber was no more and the "Ault" in the southern, furnish excellent trees. A few of the cabins and outbuild- "worthless" woods were permitted to fishing and an unequalled feeling of ings may even yet be seen as testimony burn over to help pasture and the wild really getting back to nature. Bear lake to their time-enduring construction, but berry crop. provides an added interest in a study of most of them have been hauled away to The people did not understand that the beaver living there. These animals form the nucleus of a new home on a continued abundance require some man- have little fear of human beings. Fish- hard-surface road. Ordinarily only the agement and control. As civilization and ermen quite often experience the thrill rugged stone foundation and remnants demand for wild meat became more con- of seeing beaver swim within a few feet of a fireplace remain. By scouting around centrated, as fires continued to destroy of them. one can also find the dugout or cellar habitat, game was subjected to a double Though valuable to the state as a rec- which was no doubt filled to bursting dose of defeat. reation ground, the greatest value of every fall with delectable products of Thus, the very factors which contrib- Yellowwood Forest lies in the produc- farm and forest. uted to an early prosperity gradually tion of timber. A large portion of the As you gaze at the careful planning were destroyed by a populace who failed forest as originally purchased was made and endless labor that went into the generally to see the trends in time. up of farms, but hundreds of acres of making of these homes you can only This is the story of the Yellowwood these open areas have been restored to wonder-what happened to this home of yesterday. Visit these old homesites forest by both natural and man-caused and so many, many like it that ended in and you can see all these things. Then reforestation. Possibly 1,000 acres re- poverty and eventual displacement of walk through the woods, the once open main to be planted, a program which will the occupants? Why was this home, fields, and you can see nature restoring require 10 years of work. Many small founded in hope and happiness, unable the fertility, the capacity of the soil to openings will always remain so, however, to maintain its continued existence? produce, and you, too, will be filled with to provide habitat areas for game birds Certainly it was not due to the lack of a hope for the future, for this land is and animals. It is estimated that the energy or application of the sturdy folk coming back! That is the story of the present annual growth will amount to who lived there. The answer must be- Yellowwood of today.

Page 4 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA LINCOLN TO BE HONORED IN ANNUAL MEMORIAL PROGRAM

W ITH traditional Lincoln dignity Chapter, D. A. R., of Tell City; Service one end of the memorial is Abraham Lin- and simplicity, services honoring Star Legion, Gresham Chapter, Evans- coln Hall, where the Lincoln Day memo- the memory of the "Great Emancipator" ville; Spencer County Historical Society, rial exercises will be held. A vestibule and his mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, Rockport; Spier Spencer Chapter, D. A. preceeds the main hall. Upon entering will be held February 12 at Lincoln City. R., Rockport; Dubois County Chapter, the main hall an atmosphere typical of Commemorative services are held an- D. A. R., Huntingburg; Disabled Ameri- Lincoln's period is maintained in all the nually at Nancy Hanks Lincoln State can Veterans (State Department) La- furnishings and hardware, with the hall Memorial, under joint sponsorship of the dies' Auxiliary; Boonville Press Club; proper paneled in native cherry. Stone Indiana Lincoln Union, the Conserva- State Department, American Legion; walls and natural wood lend simplicity tion Department and the Boonville Press State Department, Veterans of Foreign to the hall. Club. Wars; Indiana Lincoln Union; and the Across the memorial court is Nancy Following a customary pattern, the Indiana Department of Conservation. A Hanks Hall, with an exterior which du- program is scheduled to begin early in rifle squad presentation, taps and the plicates that of Abraham Lincoln Hall. the afternoon when a group will gather benediction by the Rt. Rev. Ignatius The interior was, however, created in a at Abraham Lincoln Hall for presenta- Esser, O. S.B., St. Meinrad's Abbey, will different manner. A huge fireplace remi- tion of colors. An invocation and several conclude the services. niscent of early pioneer days sets the songs by the Dale (Ind.) high school The Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Me- atmosphere of the hall. A large lounge chorus will follow and the principal morial is a shrine dedicated to the mem- connects a cloak room and rest rooms. speaker will make his address. ory of Nancy Hanks Lincoln and her Stone walls are relieved by native walnut A pilgrimage to the grave of Nancy son, Abraham Lincoln. Surrounding me- paneling and large supporting timbers Hanks Lincoln is then made by the morial buildings are attractively land- of natural color. group and the second portion of the scaped grounds. The memorial buildings A cloister connecting Nancy Hanks program is conducted there. are wholly Hoosier creations. The stone Hall and Abraham Lincoln Hall is among Upon arriving at the grave a second used in construction of the buildings is the outstanding features of the memo- invocation will be presented by Rev. native limestone and sandstone. All lum- rial. Arched windows and doors reveal L. H. Kendall, of the Methodist Church ber used in the building was cut from a background of wooded hills which are of Booneville, and an original poem by trees in Spencer and adjoining Indiana the same as they were when youthful Irvin E. Perigo will be recited. A wreath counties. Two low buildings joined by a Abe Lincoln lived in their midst. On the then is placed on the grave by the fol- cloister make up the memorial. A memo- opposite side of the cloister, facing the lowing organizations: Lafayette Spring rial court is in the center of the unit. At memorial court, are five sculptured pan- (Continued on Page 18)

OUTDOOR INDIANA a Page 5 distributed as a part of the educational the need for soil, water, plant and ani- program of the federation. They may be mal conservation. According to authori- Here e obtained by writing to the National ties, four billion tons of soil are being Wildlife Federation, 3308 Fourteenth eroded away each year; our forests are Street, N. W., Washington 10, D. C. being cut down 50 per cent faster than Arc The conservation stamps are minia- they are grown yearly; our waters are ture reproductions of paintings by noted becoming more and more polluted and American nature artists. Each succeed- the drain on all other resources is ap- AGAIN! ing year different species of fish and palling. game are reproduced in stamp form in Every person who buys a sheet of these F OR the eleventh consecutive year the an effort to produce, ultimately, a com- stamps strikes a blow for Conservation! National Wildlife Federation has plete set of mammals, birds and fish of The money received from the sale of the issued a set of 36 National Wildlife Con- the North American continent. stamps is used in a national wildlife servation Stamps, and offered them for The educational program of the fed- restoration program which is underway sale at the price of $1. These stamps are eration seeks to bring home to Americans all year around.

Page 6 * OUTDOOR INDIANA IN DIANA'S Pomll tion ight Co thus

municipal sewage treatment, industrial results in pollution, the Pollution Con- D ESPITEproblems the inpopular Indiana belief, are pollutionnot su- waste treatment, state institution sewage trol Board then steps in. pervised by the Indiana Department of treatment, oil and gas pollution, and coal In a recent report issued by the Stream Conservation, but rather by a Pollution mine drainage. Pollution Board, it was revealed that Control Board. All phases of the program are moving passage of the Federal Water Pollution Although the director of the Conser- forward rapidly, what with the planned Act by Congress June 30, 1948, should vation Department is an ex officio mem- construction of additional sewage sys- prove a tremendous help to citizens of ber of the board, the actual operation is tems and treatment plants; the proposed the Hoosier state as well as citizens of in the hands of four members who are establishment of a routine inspection other states. This law, together with the appointed by the gover- Ohio River Valley Water nor for four-year terms. Sanitation Compact, of- All technical services of fers substantial proof that the board are performed stream pollution no longer by engineers of the State will be tolerated. The Board of Health, and ap- State of Indiana and its propriations to cover these citizens now have assist- services are included in ance in the fight to clean the Health Board's regu- . up the waters of the state. lar appropriations. . The Ohio River Valley An engineer employed Water Sanitation Com- by the Health Board is : n pact is an eight-state pact appointed by the health " against stream pollution commissioner to serve on in all of the interstate the control board, and streams of the Ohio River aiding the secretary are drainage basin. two sanitary engineers The launching of this who deal with industrial huge pollution abatement waste activities, two oth- program is a culmination ers spending full time on of thirteen years of effort, stream studies, and a S- according to B. A. Poole, number of engineers on technical secretary of the the supervision of opera- Stream Pollution Control tion of sewage treatment Board. In 1936 Congress plants. enacted a law giving the Ten to twelve other per- states permission to or- sons are employed during ganize and operate under summer months to con- an interstate agreement. duct field investigations. Many of these program for industrial plants which By 1939 the Council of State Govern- part-time employees are engineering and eliminate a large amount of polluting ments prepared a draft of a bill which medical students. substances; installation of sewage treat- was submitted to the legislative bodies The other two ex officio members of ment plants at state institutions; control of Indiana, West Virginia, Ohio, New the control board are the lieutenant-gov- of oil and gas disposal when it results in York and Illinois. Indiana was the first ernor and the secretary of the State pollution, and control or correction of to ratify the bill and the other states Health Board. coal mine drainage. followed suit. Ratification by all eight Naturally, the Indiana Department of The Indiana Department of Conser- states was completed this year. Conservation is interested in any pro- vation has a direct hand in control of oil The other states are Kentucky, Penn- gram which seeks to curb and prevent and gas pollution, since it is responsible sylvania and Virginia. Administration pollution, and because of this interest, for enforcement of the provisions of the will be by a commission consisting of the department stands ready at all times oil and gas law, which was passed by three representatives from each state and to aid members of the Pollution Control the 1947 Legislature. This law provides three from the federal government. Board. that the department has authority to Indiana commissioners are Joseph L. The board is currently engaged in five require proper disposal of oil losses and Quinn, Jr., Terre Haute; Dr. L. E. Bur- pollution-correction programs. They are: brine. If the disposal of these materials ney and Mr. Poole, Indianapolis.

OUTDOOR INDIANA 0 Page 7 Hungry Insects Feast On Hoosier Timber--

are sub- Healthy Trees an ideal place for the female borer to and forest trees ,UR ject shade to considerable injury from Best Protection deposit her eggs. insect pests and plant diseases as well as It is usually easier to take precaution- from the more spectacular enemy, fire. Against Insects ary measures that prevent borer attacks Probably more wood has been destroyed than it is to control the borers once they by fire, insects or disease in the United controlled by stomach poisons as are are established in the tree. The precau- States than has even been utilized as leaf-eating insects, like the bagworm. tionary measures as applied to shade lumber, wood pulp or fuel, and insects In general, borers do not attack vigor- trees consist principally of taking good have accounted for their full share of this ously growing trees but become estab- care of the trees by proper fertilization, destruction. Insect pests and fire oper- lished in trees that have been weakened adequate watering during dry spells, ate in entirely different ways, however. in some way or another. Therefore, any- control of leaf-eating insects and blight- A forest fire is always of an emergency thing that tends to lower the vitality of ing fungus diseases where practical, and nature, threatening complete forest de- the tree renders it more vulnerable to the pruning of dead and weakened struction over a restricted area, while borer infestation. Such loss of vitality branches. Whenever areas of bark are insects do not always create such an should be trimmed may be caused by prolonged dry spells, skinned off, the area emergency; but their numerous activi- changes in environment unfavorable to to an elliptical shape with the points ties go on continuously over vast areas. the growth of the tree, loss of roots in pointing up and down. The wound will destroys quickly but not contin- Fire transplanting, repeated defoliation by heal more quickly if treated in this man- but oper- uously; insects destroy slowly insects or diseases, and various bark ner. All large wounds, 1/2 inches or ate throughout the growing season, year injuries caused by frost, heat or mechan- larger, should be painted with tree paint after year. The cumulative losses from ical means. or other tree-wound dressing. pests, that is, both insects and plant dis- Newly transplanted trees often are eases, can exceed the losses from fire subject to sunscald and subsequent borer without being immediately apparent, be- injury because the trunks have been cause the insects and diseases work so heavily shaded in the nursery row or extensively, steadily and insidiously. woods; but this can be prevented to a The way in which insects attack trees great extent by wrapping the trunk with for food varies greatly, depending on the burlap or a specially prepared kraft type and stage of development of the paper that is made for this purpose. This insect. A good example of this is the wrapping protects the tree for a year or periodical cicada which in its immature two, at the end of which the tree is form does negligible injury, feeding on relatively safe from sunscald. the roots of a tree; but the adult female When borers are once established in a can do considerable damage to small tree it is often quite difficult to execute branches in depositing her eggs. Some control measures. If few borers are pres- insects eat the leaf tissue and others feed A prolonged drought weakens a tree ent it is sometimes possible to cut them inside the roots, trunk, branches or twigs by checking normal growth and causing out with a knife or crush them in the of the tree and are known as borers. the leaves to fall prematurely. A rapid tunnel by inserting a flexible wire. These borers are usually the larval or environmental change like a change in Deeply embedded borers can be killed immature stages of insects, although the height of the water table by ditch- by injecting a little carbon bisulfide into some adult beettles bore into trees. ing or damming or filling in around the the hole and then plugging it with mud Borers are among the most important tree results in a general weakening of or putty to hold in the gas that is formed. enemies of shade trees, largely because the trees affected. A newly transplanted There are also ready-prepared pastes on their work is concealed and in many shade tree is quite subject to borer attack the market that are effective if used cases the injury does not become appar- because the tree has been weakened by according to the directions on the pack- ent until long after the damage has been the loss of the roots cut off in the process age. Most of these pastes contain nico- done. The adult insect deposits its eggs of digging the tree, and the bark often- tine as the principal killing agent. Some in bark crevices and scar tissue or in times is subject to sunscald. Repeated borers can be controlled with DDT some cases below the bark surface dur- defoliations by insects or diseases weaken sprays applied at the time the adults are ing spring, summer or fall, depending on a tree and render it susceptible to borer active on the bark. This is especially the species. Tiny larvae hatch from these attack. Bark injuries not only weaken a true of the smaller European bark beetle, eggs and penetrate the bark, and once tree by interfering with the water trans- which not only feeds under the bark of below the surface the insect cannot be mission, but result in scars that are often elm trees, but carries Dutch elm disease

Page 8 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA from diseased trees to healthy ones. Application of such DDT sprays to large trees is usually made by commer- cial operators equipped with mist blow- ers that apply a thin film of a highly WAXES PHILOSOPHICAL concentrated DDT solution. carcass on a log 'n' set a spell till I cool Most of our common borers are native I kindawuz settin'thinkin' 'round 'bout dayhow 'erdurn two much ago 'em off. to this country and are held in check to this old world hez changed since I wuz Speaken' of feet, yuh know its gol- a certain extent by natural enemies. The a kid knockin' 'round down in th' hills durned funny how much what covers pigeon tremex and the sugar maple borer near Gravel Switch. Come April 'n' me 'em means. Betcha never stopped tuh are quite frequently parasitized by the 'n' Spud Simpkins 'n' Notty Plumbody thinka thet. Well, come last Tewsday I lunate long-sting, a wasp-like insect with would holler "'Th' last 'un in's a sucker," hed a coupla hot feet show up 'n' I looked a long, delicate ovipositor that enables drag offen them there ole hick'ry shirts down 'bout fourn' uh half feet to 'em 'n' the female to deposit her eggs in the 'n' jeans 'n' jump in th' crick. Water wuz I seen my ole shoes 'n' I thought thet uv borer galleries, all th' consarned where the eggs hatch and purty chilly but th' sun wuz jest dandy things uh man makes, them there shoes is more like uh man the parasites attack the feeding borers. 'n'soon we wuz out agin, sunnin' on th' 'n any other thing. Them there shoes hez Woodpeckers and other birds hunt out banks happy's a buncha clambs. and eat many different soles. Men has 'em, too. 'N' shoes hez species of borers. Now I'll be dadratted if th' hull The flat-headed and round-headed bor- tongues 'n' shoes hez ties. So help me weather business ain't changed till out ers are prized by many fishermen, who Hanner, thet shoe is lost lest it's gotta in Californy I've heared they plumb mate. Some shoes is high maintain that there is no better bluegill 'n' some is freeze stiff now 'n' then 'n' in Indianny low, jest like men I've knowed. bait when ice-fishing. Some we gotta keep fire till May. Things jest shoes is broad, some is narry. Some uv Borers seldom attack vigorous, well- naturly is messed up 'n' we're a movin' 'em's different colors 'n' I hope to kick growing trees, and the best control is to too fast, too, so help me. uh weasil in the face if sum uv 'em ain t prevent the initial infestation by im- They ain't nothin' in this here world even got a yeller streak 'n' should be proving any situation unfavorable to which brings folks tugether like gettin' tanned when they is jest a comin' on. healthy tree development. out in th' open er sumpthin' 'n' huntin' er As I sees it, shoes hides flaws in 'em trappin' er fishin'. I jest likes to hike with a sorta polish 'n' then they tries to The small cut in the center of the preceding 'round and do lika durned well please shine in the world. Jest like me 'n' other folks, shoes get's old 'n' wrinkled 'n' new page shows a female lunate long-sting in the 'n' take muh time just doin' nuthin' er process of depositing her eggs. ones steps in their place. 'N' yu know sumpthin'. I ain't never had a auto 'n' The life story of the flat-headed poplar its funny, but shoes, jest like man, is I jest don't hanker fer one uv th' con- a borer is iHustrated below. The adult long- pain when their tight. Well, jest hap- horned beetle is pictured in the upper center traptions. My old feet's good 'nough pened to remember I gotta meet Spud of the cut while the pupa is shown in the fer me. They be kinda flat 'n' a bunnion left-hand corner. The gallery Simpkins down to the grocery. and the pecu- er two sorta heats 'em up wunce 'n a liar excelsior-like borings made by the larva are illustrated in the lower right-hand corner. while but by heck I jest squat muh ole /9ut

OUTDOOR INDIANA 0 Page 9 Wat ;Jdiana's State Parks }ave to Offer ...

" THE State of Indiana, like New York, has been one of state park program and expanded this program to include only Ithe pioneers in state park development, and its state outstanding examples of scenic beauty. park accomplishments are nationally famous." There are many explanations for Indiana's fame in the state This statement, made in the 1948 American Planning and park movement, but the greatest single reason lies in the fun- Civic Annual, expresses the viewpoint of many authorities on damental concept laid down by the Godfather of Indiana State state parks in this country. Some Hoosiers may sit back, rub Parks, Col. Richard Lieber, who as a national leader in the their hands together and say "Of course we are nationally state park movement stated, "State parks are meant to be the famous." Others, who perhaps have traveled extensively, will show-windows of a state, but, more than that, state parks are want to know why. After all, it is true that about thirteen a dedication to the soul of the land . . . Without vision a land states have larger state park attendance, five states spend will die. For that reason any plan which is evolved for the more money on state park operation and maintenance and use of the parks by visitors must be subordinated to the policy several states have many more state park properties. Indiana governing their establishment and maintenance; namely, the surely does not have the largest parks, the biggest total acreage, preservation of a portion of the state's original domain in its the highest mountains, the deepest gorges, the largest lakes or primitive condition-now and forever ...." the most intensively developed areas, but according to the In fulfilling these ideals Col. Lieber placed into operation a experts. Indiana has placed in operation a consistently sound sound plan of management. Herein lies the explanation. Indiana is one of the few states which by state law is authorized to retain all state park revenues in a "rotary" fund for maintenance, operation and develop- ment of state park properties. Thus the Division of State Parks not only has an incentive to operate effec- tively and efficiently but it is also possible to accrue revenues during the good years for adequate operation in years when income may not be as great. A long range plan of management and development can there- fore be carried out without affecting the quality of service rendered to those who find in state parks a satisfying source of leisure time activity. The basis for this "rotary" fund is a sound long-range policy of nominal fees and charges for services provided. Most fundamental is the gate admission charge which in effect says, "Those who use our parks shall help pay the maintenance costs but those who do that the natural and historical features area. Col. Lieber expressed this view- not use them are not taxed for something of state parks were not desecrated. It is point by saying, "Speaking for myself, I they do not use." a serious problem to park planners to would not at all be interested in the work The gate admission charge has not been provide public access for full enjoyment if the function of parks and recreation changed since Indiana's park system was of each park's natural features without would merely he to provide shallow established in 1916. A most important destroying the very thing people have amusement for bored and boring people. result is that those who use the state come to the park to enjoy. In establish- Folks so disposed should be referred to parks feel a personal and abiding inter- ing this "balance" it has been possible to bingo or any other of the abounding est in their management. It is not un- provide a homey, personal atmosphere inanities." common for a park guest to approach a with the design of simple facilities adja- In addition to the aforementioned plan stranger and say such things as, "I've cent to the scenic features of the area. of management there are several other been coming to this state park for many State park facilities are designed to en- factors which tend to place Indiana at years and we just don't pick flowers or courage those activities which can best the head of the list of outstanding state throw papers on the ground in our state be carried on in a large natural forested park systems. parks." (Continued on Page 18) Nominal charges are made for special services rendered in the use of the various facilities provided. Of necessity, some of these fees have been increased in recent years, particularly where they involve current high costs of consumable prod- ucts such as food. It is fundamental that these special services at least be self-supporting, for those who do not use these facilities should not bear the burden of the opera- tion and maintenance costs. The "rotary" fund and the program of nominal fees and charges have enabled the Division of State Parks to become self-supporting as far as operational and maintenance costs are concerned. In the fiscal year 1947-48 there was an opera- tional income of $599,200 and an opera- tional expense of $490,900. This expense item does not include $176,842 used for capital improvements. This The scenes depicted on these represents pages are typical in Indiana's 122 per cent self-support or, with capi- state parks. From left to right tal improvements, 88 per cent self-suffi- they show a peaceful scene along Sugar Creek in Turkey ciency. Run State Park; a group of The matter of preservation of the equestriennes leaving the sad- original values of state park properties dle barn at McCormick's Creek State Park; one of the new was uppermost in Col. Lieber's mind. family cabins at McCormick's He recognized that park facilities and Creek; another scenic Turkey developments must be provided for the Run view, and a typical Sun- day crowd passing the gate- park visitor but only in such a manner house at Shakamak State Park. They I ma w1e 1a44, /A4- - There Are Unexpected Thrills In Store for "Bowfin" Fishermen

covers about two-thirds of the body start- Foods T historicHE lone family,remaining and member a scourge of amonga pre- ing at the tail. The tail is blunt and The mudfish thrives mostly on mol- freshwater fish, the mudfish is one of the rounded, the eyes small and wicked lusks, frogs, insects, crustaceans, and least desired, most destructive fishes in looking, the forehead sloping and the most any type of fish flesh that happens North America. mouth wide. along. Methods As tough as lignum vitae, this anvil- About the only redeeming feature of jawed brute is always on the prowl for the mudfish is the good parental trait of Fly-fishing, casting, trolling or still- likely victims. It lurks in the quieter the male. Like a good father he carefully fishing. Tackle waters and pounces on any fish that guards the young until they have reached The proper tackle for the mudfish is ventures near; ever larger pike with all a self-sustaining stage. everything heavy enough for a real tus- their fearsome array of teeth streak for sle, or not sufficiently suitable for any cover when the mudfish charges in for Range other type of fishing. Casting rods in battle. Originally the mudfish was found in medium action or flyrods in bass-trout both European and American waters but A vindictive throwback to primitive action are recommended. it has since dwindled to an area from the ages, the mudfish is unchanged today Any type Great Lakes region to the Gulf. Heavi- of artificial lure will take from its ancient cousin, except perhaps mudfish as well as nearly any kind of est populated areas are in the St. Law- smaller in size because of ages of degen- live bait. The battle will be in direct pro- rence-Champlain basin to Quebec and eration. Perhaps its only excuse for being portion to the size of the mudfish. The is to help nature maintain a balance of larger the fish-the longer the struggle. healthy fish by gobbling up any ailing or Ungraceful, repulsive and spurned by weakling specimens. the angler seeking more genteel game And yet there are many anglers who fish, the mudfish will continue to dish out deliberately seek out the mudfish, for plenty of thrills by scaring the pants off it can always be depended on to put up BOWFIN inexperienced- and sometimes experi- a dogged, though not spectacular, fight. Amia calva enced-anglers. Its solid striking power Many fishermen, until they are enlight- and tug-of-war tactics have the man with ened by wiser anglers, are mighty proud Vermont, southward and west of the the rod envisioning giant bass, northern when vanquishing a large mudfish after Appalachians to Florida and Texas; also pike, walleyes, muskies, etc.-until he a terrific struggle. With all its shortcom- on the Atlantic slope from the Carolinas finally and disgustedly boats the despised ings, the mudfish is long on stamina and south. mudfish. tough on tackle. The mudfish gets its name from the The thrills are no less real during the habitat it chooses-muddy bottoms in early stages of the battle and many fish- Names the stiller waters. It is a gregarious fish ing jaunts would be void of unexpected In some parts of the country this fish on a minor scale, moving in small groups, thrills if it were not for the mudfish. is known by its family name, bowfin; in and most mudfish are caught while the the South it is better known by its habi- EDITOR's NOTE: The Outdoor Writers' Association angler is fishing for bass or pike. of America recently reco mended that the name and MUDFISH be adopted as the common name for this tat name, mudfish; in the North fish because of its greater general usage. We are Midwest it is popularly called dogfish. entirely in accord with this recommendation and Size urge that all outdoor columnists and publications Its other colloquial nicknames are black- should change the name from bowfin to MUDFISH; The average size of the female, which the scientific name is Bowfin, Amia calva. fish, grindle, brindle cat, choupique, cot- is the larger, is from 2 to 5 pounds and tonfish, cypress trout, lawyer, scaled an 8 or 10 pounder is not rare; 20- ling, poisson de marais, speckled cat. pound dogfish are no cause for great Characteristics fanfare. Flavor The mudfish is muddy-green in color and shiny, coarse scales give it an iri- Terrible! In fact, most fishermen re- descent aspect. The shading is mottled port that the flavor is so foul that it is and the male has a black spot rimmed hardly worth the trouble to prepare the with orange at the base of the tail fin. mudfish for eating. Webster's Interna- The outstanding characteristic of the tion describes it as "of little value as mudfish is the elongated dorsal fin which food."

Page 12 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA Tri-State Highway Underway in Northern Indiana Level Stretches

to aid in the fulfill- DIRECTLY connecting the nation's First 1 8 Miles of the being constructed second and fourth largest cities, a New Road Already ment of ever increasing demands for im- solid link in the chain of federal inter- proved highway service caused by that state highways is being etched across the Underway in Indiana prosperity. The designers of this express- level farmlands of northern Indiana . . . way had no visions of enriching either the Chicago-Detroit Expressway, the one of the most important of which fol- Chicago or Detroit, rather, they thought dream highway of 20 years ago, is at last lowed the approximate route of present only of effectively and safely handling a becoming a reality. U. S. 12. This highway connected several heavy flow of traffic already in existence. The need for a direct route between intermediate points: Plymouth, Ann Ar- It is significant to note at this point that the two areas has long been recognized bor, Jackson, Albion, Marshall, Battle engineering surveys have revealed that by men in the field of highway engineer- Creek, Kalamazoo, Benton Harbor, and at only a few points will the through ing. Twenty years of preliminary plan- St. Joseph, all in Michigan. traffic equal the volume of local traffic ning and research are behind the project. Inasmuch as any highway is origi- while the local traffic, moving between Extensive traffic and construction sur- nally constructed to link settlements to- the intermediate cities, will frequently veys have been conducted, agreements gether, the roadbuilders of days gone by be three or four times as great as the have been reached and signed by repre- merely improved or widened the paths through traffic. sentatives of the three states involved and trails already in existence. In many The location of the proposed route and the federal government, some right- instances, these paths were Indian trails was thoroughly discussed by the spon- of-way has been purchased . ... and In- or animal "runs." White men did not sors and the interested highway depart- diana is already constructing the first 18 settle in locations for the convenience of ments. At one time, it was suggested miles of the section to cross the Hoosier the people who built the roads . . . for that the new road follow the present state. When completed, the new highway these reasons, the early roads across the routes of U. S. 20 and U. S. 24 (Detroit- will be a divided lane, limited access wilderness followed irregular lines and Toledo-Chicago). This route is used by road. "Limited access" means that pri- it was often necessary to travel many a considerable volume of Chicago-De- vate drives, side streets, county roads times the actual straight-line distance troit traffic. It was pointed out, however, and the like will not enter directly onto from point to point. For obvious rea- that the section of U. S. 20 east of Elk- the highway. Rather, they will feed sons, the towns and cities easily acces- hart, Indiana, traverses a thinly popu- into service drives which in turn enter sible by highways prospered to a greater lated area, and that section between the onto the expressway. This feature greatly degree than those with limited transpor- Indiana line and Toledo, Ohio, a dis- reduces the number of intersections the tation facilities. Another cycle of de- tance of 72 miles, is sparsely populated. driver must encounter and effectively velopment is recorded with the construc- Since the route is to serve as many people channels incoming traffic at points where tion of roads like the Tri-State High- as possible, it was decided to bring the it can be properly and safely handled. way. The two terminals of this road have road as far east as Elkhart, and to enter Bridges over and under railroads and prospered, as have most of the interme- Michigan in the Niles-South Bend-Elk- intersecting highways will also insure diate cities . . . the Tri-State Highway is hart area. There is a movement of traffic smoother and safer traffic flow, and save untold hours of waiting at unseparated grade crossings. To fully realize the importance of such a route, it is both interesting and enlightening to briefly study the history behind the moves relative to the actual construction of the current "Tri-State Highway." The original "Chicago road" connect- ed the military outposts of Fort Dear- born and Detroit. Congress, realizing the military importance of a good con- nection between the two cities, author- ized the construction of a stagecoach route to link the cities. This stage route was in use in 1834. Prior to that time, the connecting highway was routed through Fort Miegs (Toledo). Mean- while, the Territorial Government con- structed a number of additional roads,

OUTDOOR INDIANA 0 Page 13 between these and nearby cities of suffi- satisfactory to the State of Michigan. sentatives of the highway departments cient volume to so influence the location (2), The revision of the route from of Indiana and Michigan. of the expressway. Kalamazoo to Elkhart so that its de- The short, but vitally important, Illi- Of course, each state wished to keep scription reads "from a point on the nois section of the highway is completed as much of the new roadway within its interstate highway near Kalamazoo to a and in service. It follows the Chicago borders as possible. The returns in gaso- point on the east-west highway across Outer Drive from the center of that city line tax money from the vehicles using northern Indiana in the Elkhart-Niles- to Jackson Park, then Stony Island Ave- the highway are more than enough to South Bend area (U. S. 20)." The map nue and Doty Avenue to 130th Street. justify this wish. Both Indiana and location is to be a straight line from It is interesting to note that the con- Michigan had definite routes in mind Kalamazoo to a point on the above men- struction of the first mile of highway in that would best serve the people of their tioned east-west highway southwest of Indiana necessitated the relocation of respective states. As far as Michigan the right angle bend in Indiana State more than 100 occupied homes in order was concerned, a straight line connecting Road 112 to the northwest of Elkhart. to clear the right-of-way. This was ac- St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Jackson, etc., This change affects both Indiana and complished without resorting to condem- would best serve their purposes. How- Michigan. nation in one instance, and without ever, Indiana also had a "straight line' (3) The east-west highway across arousing resentment. As each new sec- of cities from Hammond to Elkhart. northern Indiana will be indicated from tion is completed, it will be put into im- Obviously, the point at which the road South Bend through a point north of mediate service. The value of the portion bisects the state line was of prime impor- LaPorte and thence over the new loca- across the Hammond area so far as tance to each state. The decision to locate tion of the Tri-State Highway to the traffic moving in and out of Chicago is that point on the line in the South Bend- Illinois state line. concerned is apparent. The relief afford- Niles area constituted a compromise in (4) The north-south interstate high- ed the four major east-west routes in order to insure that the highway would way along the western edge of Indiana this section will greatly reduce the haz- serve as many people in both states as (U. S. 41) will terminate at the east- ardous traffic condition caused by the possible. west highway known as the Tri-State large volume of high speed traffic cur- The agreement with the federal gov- Boulevard. rently utilizing these routes. Travel time ernment and the states of Indiana and (5) A loop to the northwest of the to and from points with Chicago as one Michigan included the following provi- city of Toledo, Ohio, to connect the east- terminal will be slashed by the use of sions: west interstate highway to the north- the new highway. (1) The addition (to the interstate south interstate highway as a Toledo Samuel C. Hadden, chairman of the system of highways) of the route from bypass is satisfactory to Michigan. State Highway Commission of Indiana Kalamazoo to Benton Haror is entirely This document is signed by repre- (Continued on Page 20)

Construction work on the new highway already is underway. The scene below shows the grade separation of Calumet Avenue in Hammond (U. S. 41) and the new Tri-State Highway.

Page 14 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA The unique miniature replica of Fort Finney, shown above, was designed by Harold Winslow, Manual Training High School teacher, Indianapolis, and constructed by C. C. Callahan, a Jeffersonville High School teacher. Mounted on a board measuring 471/2 inches wide and 42 inches deep, the tallest building in the group is nearly 9 inches high and the other buildings are approximately 5 inches tall. Actual working plans for the fort were taken from Captain Jonathan Heart's original sketches prepared in 1786 for construction of the actual fort. These plans were drawn up by Mr. Winslow. 'ort 3?nq zircs 4gail AT A TIME when life was most uncer- west Territory, Clark was aware that Captain Finney, a Pennsylvanian who tain for pioneer settlements in Indians continued to raid settlements had served in the Revolution, was de- Kentucky, and the few American settlers and massacre settlers. From his home tailed to take charge of construction. who had ventured north of the Ohio to in Louisville, Clark sent word to the Finney had previously supervised con- establish homes lived in constant fear of federal government, pleading for aid to struction of another fort at the mouth of the Indians, Fort Finney was erected on save the region he had so recently won the Miami River, which was named in the present site of Jeffersonville. from the British. his honor. It was erected in 1786 for the purpose In response to Clark's request, the gov- Armed with plans for the new fort, of protecting settlers in the infant, city ernment instructed Lieutenant Colonel Finney and Capt. David Ziegler, com- of Louisville and infant Clarksville, from Josiah Harmar, commander of. the First manding a second company, arrived upon the Indians. For the soldiers who had Regiment of the United States Infantry, the scene and in two months the new fought with George Rogers Clark already to erect a fort. The colonel sent Captain fortress was completed. The work, his- had begun settling on "bonus lands." Walter Finney with instructions to build tory relates, was done entirely by the The 90 by 114 foot log fortress served a fort at the falls of the Ohio opposite men of these two companies. for more than ten years. Louisville, and sent two companies there The fortress was so constructed that a It was largely through the efforts of "to protect the inhabitants from the in- partial garrison could defend it success- Clark that Fort Finney was built, for cursions of the Indians." fully, if necessary. despite his recent conquest of the North- Thus, Fort Finney came into being. Captain Finney resigned from the In- (Continued on Page 18)

OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 15 Unsung Heroes in Conservation

NE of the most active, and possibly least publicized, divisions of the Indiana Department of Conservation is the Division of Engineering. This vital division deserves recognition, for without the untiring efforts of the engineers, not a single other division of the Conservation Department could function. Some of the many projects carried out by this division include construction of roads and trails, bridges, lake dams, bathing beaches, water supply systems, sewage dis- posal systems and buildings of all types. Whenever a new area is acquired, whether it be park, memorial, forest or a fish and game property, the engineers are first on the scene, ready to go to work. The initial task usually performed is a Clifty Falls Sitate Park-The recently completed bridge shown above was another of the engineering projects. survey preparation of a general plan, then construction of roads leading into the prop- erties so that John Q. Public may gain access. Next comes the division's chores is construction of bathing facilities. This, of problem of providing drinking water safe for public use and course, includes beaches, pools, bath houses, diving boards and installation of comfort stations so that visitors may comfort- piers. Often this construction work presents a problem, for the ably enjoy the out-of-doors. engineers may be called upon to design features which are Along these lines it is often necessary to provide bodies of uncommon and where facilities have no precedent. water in such areas so that existing wildlife may have an ade- For example, the beach layout at Shakamak State Park, quate water supply at all times, and these lakes also permit including a 50-meter swimming course complete with eight the public to engage in healthful outdoor sports such as swim- lanes for standard competition, required originality and a ming, fishing and boating. Once again, the engineers must great amount of research. A five and ten-meter diving plat- step in and do form has been the job. Many constructed there such lakes have and this was been impounded erected in a lake on state proper- of 20-foot depth, ties throughout considered to be Indiana. Some of an ideal arrange- these may be seen ment for national at Spring Mill, swimming meets. Lincoln, Brown Another out- County and standing example Shakamak State of an "original" Parks, Yellow- structure is the wood and Mor- half-mile tobog- gan - Monroe gan slide at Po- State Forests and kagon State Park. other properties. It was built over Along with this, a rolling terrain picnic areas must and has been in be laid out and constant use since outdoor ovens, 1942. shelters, comfort The overnight stations, foun- accommo dations tains and parking in Indiana State areas must be parks, both for added. Restoration work on the old Mietaamora aqueduct is shown above. the general pub- Another of the This will be a state memorial whe ntthe engineers complete work on it. lic and youth

Page 16 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA group camps, have been provided by the engineers. It is a challenge, indeed, to provide both comfortable accommoda- tions and hold construction costs to a minimum. The new, low-cost family cabins at McCormick's Creek State Park offer a fine example of this accomplish- ment. These cabins were constructed with a veneer mill by-product which enabled the Department of Conservation to construct cabins attractively but in- expensively. Each cabin was built and completely furnished, at a cost of less than $3,000. Engineering problems in the field of conservation differ greatly from engi- neering problems in other fields, in that all necessary structures are designed to The Shakamak pier and diving tower are two outstanding engineering feats in appear as inconspicuous as possible. The evidence. buildings must blend with the surround- ings, rather than stand out, thus they do not detract from the scenic, natural sur- roundings. It may seem that the engineering divi- sion is solely concerned with recreational facilities, however, this is not the case. Work in the state parks and forests is only a portion of the division's program. One of the major projects underway at all times is that of setting up and main- taining facilities for game farms and preserves. This includes holding pens, brooder houses, rearing pens, storage buildings and other structures. At fish hatcheries, ponds for all types of fish are constructed by the engineers and all buildings at the hatcheries as well. In addition, the engineers conduct numerous surveys on state properties Above is an artist's conception of the new bath house which will soon be constructed at Lincoln State Park. Below is a detailed drawing of plans for the entire park at and restoration of memorial properties is Lincoln City. another important phase of their work. Since the Conservation Department is charged with the responsibility of main- taining state memorials, the engineering division usually must step in and restore them, as nearly as possible, to their origi- nal state. More often than not the memo- rial properties are in rather bad condi- tion when they are received by the state, since they are historical structures and were used many, many years ago. Thus the task often requires a considerable amount of research. A good example of this restoration work is now being con- ducted on the Whitewater Canal in Franklin county. Because of this widely varied work, the engineering division employs person- nel of various talents such as landscape architects, architects, civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers and artists. And besides all this, there are the men who do the back work!

OUTDOOR INDIANA 0 Page 17 Disappearing Lakefronts fishing trip may have no way of getting The degree of development of Indiana on the water except by (Continued from Page 2) landing in the State Parks is another outstanding fea- middle of the lake in a helicopter and ture of the system. Picnic areas, camp be not far in the future until the public even that may be prohibited by law. grounds, and group will be completely shut out from one of camps, together with necessary utilities our most valuable recreational facilities. and services, are basic. Fort Finney Three-fourths of all the overnight inn To prevent further lake shore monop- (Continued from Page 15) accommodations in state parks through- oly and to provide a really efficient or out the country are in Indiana state permanent access to lake shores, owner- fantry in July, 1787, and the name of parks. In addition ship by some governmental agency, such the fort was shortly thereafter changed to providing vacation accommodations as the state, city or county, is necessary. to, Fort Steuben, in honor of General these inns serve as a Indiana, by virtue of its state parks and Frederick William von Steuben. focal center for year around activities in fish hatcheries, owns land abutting Lake Historical records do not give an accu- state parks. In order to meet the need James and Jimerson in Steuben county; rate account of the date when Fort Steu- for inexpensive accommodations for fam- Bass Lake in Starke county; Wawasee ben was abandoned, but the last official ily groups the department is complet- in Kosciusko county; Sylvan Lake in mention of the outpost was recorded by ing construction of family housekeeping Noble county, and Round and Clear the Secretary of War in 1797, when he cabins at McCormick's Creek State Park. Lakes in Whitley county. These and a requested a report of the property and These facilities will be available for use few other tracts too small for recrea- garrison from officials at the fort. during the 1949 season. tional purposes, about complete the list. Meanwhile, a town had been laid out Hoosiers are justly proud of their state Indiana University owns a small piece on the site of Fort Steuben in 1802. It parks. Increasing use of the facilities is of lake frontage land at Winona Lake in was called Jeffersonville, in honor of the sufficient proof of this interest. Last year Kosciusko county. The State Highway President, Thomas Jefferson. 1,378,686 persons paid admissions to our Department owns the dam and. water The replica of Fort Finney-or Fort Hoosier state parks. Hamilton Lake in Steuben rights on Steuben, as it was later called-was pre- county and short strips of right-of-way pared by these teachers at the request along a few other lakes. Some cities and Lincoln Honored of the Indiana Historical Bureau. Plans counties own lake property. A partial (Continued from Page 5) are now underway for the exhibition of list includes Steuben county on Crooked this miniature fort. In the not-too-dis- Lake, Kosciusko county on Winona els separated by four arched doorways. tant future, the original fort may be Lake, Marshall county on Lake-of-the- These five sculptured panels, thirteen restored, and it will occupy a site in Woods, Kendallville on Bixler Lake, and one-half feet by eight feet, are set in Jeffersonville, commemorating its histor- Valparaiso on Flint Lake, Warsaw on the walls of the cloister. Depicting va- ical significance. Center, Culver on Lake Maxinkuckee, rious periods of Lincoln's life, the panels and LaPorte on Clear and Stone Lakes. are among the best sculptural works in Recognizing that the state should Indiana Parks Offer the state. E. H. Daniels was sculptor of these panels. make more lake shore property accessible (Continued from Page 11) to the public, the Indiana Department Indiana has gone further than most Each panel is representative of Lin- of Conservation asked the 1947 Legisla- states in acquiring properties which are coln in an important phase of his life. ture for an appropriation of $50,000 to the outstanding examples of natural fea- The "Kentucky Panel" (1809-1816) is be used for purchasing public right-of- tures of the state. In addition, Indiana's of the childhood years of Lincoln while ways on our lakes. Because of other de- long-range program calls for state park the "Indiana Panel" (1816-1830) de- mands for state funds at that time the development within easy driving dis- picts the boyhood days of Lincoln. The appropriation was not granted. tance for a day's outing by every resi- "Illinois Panel" (1830-1861) shows the The need for and interest in securing dent of the state. It is no small matter years of Lincoln's political ascendency lake frontage land for public use has that the local citizens adjacent to park and the "Washington Panel" (1860- increased since that time. More people properties have in most cases been re- 1865) depicts his years in the presidency realize that if they are to enjoy the sponsible for the original purchase of and the Civil War. The final-panel is advantages which only our natural lakes park properties. The recently successful "The Apotheosis" with the historic words can afford there must be ways and means "Save the Shades" campaign is an exam- of his Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stan- provided to make more areas available ple of this interest on a state-wide basis ton, inscribed, "And now he belongs to not only by the state but by counties and and demonstrates the loyalty, pride and the ages." cities also. And the interest is not con- confidence of Hoosiers in their own state An allee connects these memorial fined to lake shores alone, for private park program. The Whitewater Memo- buildings with the grave of Nancy Hanks interests have moved in on the banks of rial State Park Association in eastern Lincoln, the mother of Lincoln. To navigable streams to the exclusion of the Indiana has locally raised sufficient funds Nancy Hanks Lincoln, her son, the im- public. to acquire 1,512 acres to be given to the mortal Abraham Lincoln, attributes his If this shore line situation continues people of the state through their Conser- success with his famed words, "All that as it has in the past few years the time vation Department as Indiana's six- I am or hope to be, I owe to my angel may come when a vacationist on a short teenth state park. mother."

Page 18 0 OUTDOOR INDIANA Soqg /irds of J diata

enthusiastic accounts of his observations DOUBTLESSstudy has many been aled beginner to wonder in bird-why of this warbler about the Hovey Lake this exquisitely beautiful member of the game preserve where the bald cypress warbler family should be burdened with rims the lake and makes an ideal habitat such an unusual name. This is explained for this swamp-loving bird. He has often Q. I've heard that honey may be used by Dr. Elliott Coues, who relates that been astonished at the abundance of the as a cold remedy. Is it true that it is when our native birds were being classi- birds during the height of the spring effective in breaking up a cold? fied and named by our pioneer ornitholo- migration. gists, a nest of this warbler was found Although the prothonotary warbler is A. According to "grandma's" records, lined with pieces of a letter which some- seldom found far from favorite haunts, coughs will yield to a tablespoon of how had 'been discovered and used by now and then it may surprise us by a honey and the juice of one lemon. Au- the birds. Now inasmuch as the word radical departure from the usual habits thorities claim honey promotes better refers to a scribe, thus the unusual name. of the species. For instance, a number health, aids the muscular system and However, the ponderous name should of years ago a nest was discovered by the enriches the blood. not in the least deter us from admiring late S. E. Perkins III near the cabin in Q. How long has the practice of band- this little gem of the warbler family. Woolen's Garden of Birds and Botany. ing birds been in existence and just why Some years ago I expressed my appre- A correspondent from Campbellsburg is this done? ciation of the prothonotary warbler, as I recently reported a pair of these war- had learned to know it in its favorite blers nesting in his dooryard. This war- A. The federal government has been haunts and I quote as follows: "It in- bler ranges throughout eastern North banding birds since 1920 and banding habits low, swampy woodlands and is America and winters in the tropics. It with numbered aluminum leg bands per- seldom found far from water. Whether breeds from the Gulf Coast to northern mits ornithologists to trace flight routes seen in the dark recesses of southern Indiana and Michigan. The nest is and gather data on migratory game and cypress swamps, in the verdant glooms usually close to the ground in a hole in nongame birds. of bay and myrtle thickets, or along the a stub or stump. The eggs are 5 to 7, willow-bordered streams of more north- white, and marked with spots of brown. Q. Does the deer change color with erly states, its radiant form glows seasonal changes? like a golden flame as it flits rest- Prothonotary Warbler A. Game experts advise us that adult lessly about in search of food. white-tailed deer have two contrasting Now it lights on some half-de- colors each year. The summer color is cayed, moss-covered log nearby a rusty red, which changes to brownish stagnant pool. Again it may be gray as winter sets in and they get their seen nimbly climbing tree-trunks winter coat of longer hair. for short distances, much after the fashion of the black and Q. How may I keep the topsoil from white creeper." washing away after heavy rains? I es- This warbler will average 52 pecially have trouble on the steep slopes inches in length. The female here in southern Indiana. closely resembles the male but is A. Loss of water and soil erosion is duller in color. The song when cut considerably in good, protected heard at some distance has been woods. If your hillsides are bare and described as somewhat resem- not covered, you are missing a good bling the peet-tweets of the soli- bet, and losing a lot of soil and water as tary sandpiper. The call note is a well. A permanent timber cover soft tchip or tsip. The song when will save your soil. heard at close range has a real penetrating quality which is quite Q. What are silverfish? remarkable. Inasmuch as this warbler's favorite haunts are A. This pest can be described as small, those described above, it, during silvery-colored, wingless, and an insect- migration, generally follows river of the genus Lepisma. It is also known courses. In its northward migra- as a silver moth. Silverfish inhabit tion it follows the Mississippi houses and eat sized paper, bookbind- River to the Ohio and many indi- ings, lace curtains, and other starchy viduals ascend this stream. Mr. materials as well as thin fabrics and Frank N. Wallace has given me vegetable matter.

OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 19 I FEBRUARY iHJHdiala with the Editor ..

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Tri-State Highway district and farm foresters. They also Lumbermen Choose (Continued from Page 14) will be available at state parks. The cost is 25¢ each for 10 copies or less; 20¢ Forestry Winners and director of the Chicago-Detroit Ex- each for 10 to 25 copies and 15¢ each pressway project, has been instrumental Winners were named recently in the for 25 copies or more. in guaranteeing the location of the high- state-wide forestry contest conducted by way in such a way as to be fair to the the Indiana Hardwood Lumbermen's people of Indiana. As director of the Association, Purdue University, and the project, he has assured the steady prog- The Indiana Department of Conser- Indiana Department of Conservation's vation takes this opportunity to express forestry division. ress of the plans and operations .... As heartfelt sympathy to the families and the highway grows in length, so it will friends of five Hoosier conservationists Osa L. Tucker, Osgood, owner of 150 grow in importance. who died in the year 1948. acres of high grade timber in Ripley James E. Starkey, 65, state bee in- county, captured first place and the $200 spector, died May 22 at his home in first prize, while Leroy W. Goshert, Free Lessons in Skiing Indianapolis. Burket, took second place and $150. Lovell Shuman, 45, conservation Third place winner was John A. O'Con- officer for Dearborn county, died at Now Available Milan in June. ner, Washington, and he received $100 One of Indiana's famous winter play- Carl W. Eurton, 63, Indianapolis, in cash. Eleven district winners were engineer for the Division of State Parks, also selected and they received $50 each. grounds, Pokagon State Park, should died July 11. from now on, good old winter weather According to Burton F. Swain, Sey- Captain Virgil (Cap) Owen, 56, mour, chairman of the forestry assisting, provide a haven for ski enthu- Sheridan, captain of conservation offi- commit- siasts. The services of a professional cers of the northern district, died in tee, more than 200 woodlot owners com- December. Canadian skier, who is attending school peted in this year's third annual contest. Miller Davis, 61, Terre Haute, dep- Awards were presented to winners on at Tri-State College, will be at the beck uty attorney general and legal advisor and call of visitors who enjoy the thrill for the Conservation Department, died January 28th at the annual meeting of of such a sport. Even veterans of the December 21. the Indiana Hardwood Lumbermen's Association in Indianapolis. sport possibly can learn some new angles, These men were all employees of the while beginners will receive the benefit Conservation Department and served Judges included Ralph F. Wilcox, in their various capacities faithfully state forester; L. VanCamp, Purdue of instruction. and well. They will be missed by their J. extension forester, and Mr. Swain. J. Located near Angola, way up near the fellow-workers and by the people of Indiana, whom they served. Carl Dougherty, Indianapolis, is chair- northern boundary of the state, the park man of the association. offers nearly every type of winter sports activity, including ice-boating and tobog- ganing. The half-mile slide is the largest in the state. Try it out. All skiing equip- ment will be kept in excellent condition by the new instructor. Sportmew's Questiouiare MAILED TO HOOSIER NIMRODS 50 Common Trees Booklet Ready More than 22,000 Hoosier nimrods will soon receive Sportsmen's Ques- tionnaires from Pittman-Robertson Project Leader William B. Barnes. These A nontechnical booklet covering 50 questionnaires are in the mail and are going to approximately 14,000 paid common Indiana trees is now ready for license holders and nearly 8,000 holders of veterans' free permits. distribution by the Division of Forestry. These questionnaires are mailed annually to a cross-section of Indiana's Prepared by T. E. Shaw and J. L. Van- hunting, fishing and trapping population. Names are chosen at random from Camp, both of the Department of For- Fish and Game Division records and the information covered includes a period estry and Conservation at Purdue Uni- of five weeks from the beginning of squirrel season on August 14, 1948, to the versity, the booklet was completed last end of the night hunting and trapping season January 20, 1949. month. Hunters who receive the forms are requested to state the number of times Designed especially as a field book for they hunted and the total season's bag. Trappers must list the number of days use in elementary and high schools, the traps were set and the total catch. Recipients of these forms are requested to booklet was prepared under a joint pro- fill them in and return them promptly so that tabulations may be completed as gram by Purdue and the Conservation soon as possible. Department's Division of Forestry. The information gleaned from these questionnaires will enable the Division The booklet may be obtained by writ- of Fish and Game to better manage this valuable natural resource and make ing the forestry division or by contacting for better hunting, fishing and trapping.

Page 20 * OUTDOOR INDIANA STATE LMI ....HIA M I -- -- PROPERTY ELKHART " EN... GUIDE GA"4 L

STATE PARKS 31 NAPPANEE Memorial Bass Lake Beach State Park EDLL LLE Brown County State Park t1 nkaes 3 o if s Clifty Falls State Park Game B Indiana Dunes State Park " tatchery Lincoln State Park ra w Bauk t WS FiTsh Hatchery McCormick's Creek State Park State ore t urser Sthery Mounds State Park Muscatatuck State Park ldasper-Pulas r Tp ecanoer Pokagon State Park Gaer rk ROCHESTRFarm Shades State Park WINAAC Shakamak State Park Spring Mill State Park z Tippecanoe River State Park Turkey Run State Park UNTINON Versailles State Park s w ASH

STATE FORESTS-NURSERIES KENLAND PERU 41 , ,O , Rtater t I Clark State Forest and Nursery Ferdinan SaeoaZc State Forest BLUFFON Farm Frances Slocum State Forest o ocndPreerve Ferdinand State Forest slPa.o .3 Greene-Sullivan State Forest ' Harrison State Forest Tipecat r . /tmrtr' Jackson State Forest and Nursery an.. s , jasper-Pulaski State Nursery I Kankabee State Park and Forest " z- Morgan-Monroe State Forest 4 F Martin State Forest Owen State Forest in 3 Pike State Forest 2 z - Salamonie River State Forest RT Scales Lake State Forest MUNC 2 Selmier State Forest c ' Yellowwood State Forest STATE CAME FARMS- A roVn.e StateP k PRESERVES State Park 4 Hovey Lake State Game Preserve - Jasper-Pulaski State Game Farm and Riverside W Preserve Riv N..... Kankakee State Game Preserve H ery y e r t i Wells State Game Farm and Preserve ID--A RICh STATE MEMORIALS Angel Mounds Memorial George Rogers Clark Memorial I Corydon Capitol Memorial CONNERSVILLE Gene Stratton Porter Memorial 1RE Goshen Church Memorial BRAHYVI0 James F. D. Lanier Memorial 31 Limberlost Memorial , 5 N, Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial HATE .- NSVLL MvTAMORA Pigeon Roost Memorial t r ort oovL T. C Steele Memorialmorial Territorial Capitol Memorial Stat Park GaeBa Lz Tippecanoe Battlefield . Memorial Whitewater Canal Memorial State Forestue Wilbur Wright Memorial JASONILLE BLOOMNGTON STATE FISH' T.Seea tae ar HATCHERIES LINTON T Memorial Avoca Hatchery reene-ullivan-ESL NOTH 0 Bass Lake Hatchery State Forest s$ a A Driftwood Hatchery LEASANTV59 catuck Fawn River Hatchery Fishr O Ferdinand Hatchery Hatchery Driftwo Y r " Maxinkuckee Hatchery Fisatch ackson Riverside Hatchefy AC ete- Tri-Lakes Hatchery Roreinrs. StateFs CliCark Jat nicr a Wawasee Hatchery vINCENws cor gesidlarkit s A ' I ate POINTS OF INTEREST c pit eomor u P on RoostM Constitution Elm memorial Deam Oak q 3 AL ALE

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