Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(4): 189-203

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(4): 189-203 Records of and their natural enemies in © 2017 JEZS agro-ecosystem with special reference to Received: 24-05-2017 Accepted: 25-06-2017 horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir Akhtar Ali Khan Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Akhtar Ali Khan and Mohd Abas Shah Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Abstract Kashmir, India An extensive survey of fauna was conducted in agro-ecosystem with special reference to horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir during 2012 to 2015. A total of 51 of aphids belonging to 30 Mohd Abas Shah genera spread over 5 sub families of were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13 species Division of Plant Protection, and 4 genera are first records from Jammu and Kashmir. The first records of genera are , ICAR-Central Potato Research and Pseudaphis from Jammu and Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium and Station, Jalandhar, Punjab, Pseudaphis and the first records of aphid species are Aphis verbasci, Aphis rumicis, solani, India rumexicolens, formosartemisiae, fragaefolii, pyri, euphorbiae, Metopolophium montanum, dycei and Pseudaphis abyssinica. The aphid species of family Aphididae, stretched over five sub-families viz., (41 species and 21 genera), Eriosomatinae (2 species and 2 genera), Chaitophorinae (3 species and 3 genera), Drepanosiphinae (3 species and 3 genera) and Lachninae (2 species and 2 genera) were found infesting more than 65 species of horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, floriculture and medicinal crops) and

associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities of Kashmir.

Keywords: Aphid, species diversity, predators, parasitoids, horticultural ecosystem, agroecosystem, Kashmir

Introduction Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are minute pear-shaped, soft-bodied . They may be

winged (alate) or wingless (apterous). Most of the aphids reproduce sexually and develop through gradual metamorphosis (overwintering diapausing egg, nymphs and winged or wingless adults) but also through parthenogenesis [1]. The result is a shortening of generation time, overlapping generations, increased reproductive potential and rate of development for resistance to insecticides [2]. Their reproductive potential, salivary secretions, and ability to [3] transmit viral diseases makes them the most potent and worldwide enemies of many crops . Aphids play an important role as vectors in spreading of plant diseases, particularly viral diseases [4, 5]. The cotton aphid is known to transmit over 50 plant viruses and the green peach aphid over 100 [6]. Yield losses caused by aphids directly range from 10-50% and indirectly from 20-80% [7]. They cause direct damage by sucking the cell sap from the plants, lead to

development of sooty moulds and by causing physiological disorders, and indirect damage by [8] transmitting diseases from one plant to another . Aphids are an extremely successful group of insects which occur throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in the temperate regions [3]. Out of 4702 known aphid species [9] about 1015 species occur in oriental region [10] and about 750 species belonging to 208 genera represent India Aphididae [11]. In

Jammu and Kashmir State, the previous works on aphid species have been summarised by [15, 16, 17] Bhagat . In present paper, updated information is provide on the systematic position, host crops, natural enemies of aphids infesting agricultural crops (fruits, vegetables, Correspondence floricultural and medicinal plants) and associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities Akhtar Ali Khan of agro-ecosystem of Kashmir. Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Materials and Methods Technology of Kashmir, The materials used and methods adopted for carrying out the proposed studies on records of Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and aphids are described as follows: Kashmir, India Email: [email protected]

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Study area Akhtar and Dey (2011) [28] and Shah and Khan (2013, 2014) The study area included the temperate region of Kashmir, [29, 30]. located between 32°20’ N and 73°55’ E, 1600 m and more A brief description of the recorded species is given as follows. above mean sea level. The aphids were collected horticultural ecosystem from fruit, vegetable and floriculture and medicinal Sub-family: Aphidinae plants during 2012-15. Eight districts viz., Srinagar, Aphidinae is the sub-family of the family Aphididae and the Baramullah, Pulwama, Shopian, Anantnag, Budagm, Kulgam most number of species was recorded in this sub-family. The and Ganderbal were covered in the survey sub-family Aphidinae includes two tribes viz., and . Sampling Methods Alate aphid population Tribe-Aphidini Latreille, 1802 Sampling of alate aphids was done with Yellow water-pan Two sub-tribes viz., Aphidina and Rhopalosiphina were traps (50x30x8 cm). Traps were filled with fresh water and a recorded under tribe-Aphidini from horticultural ecosystem of few drops of detergent added to break surface tension and Kashmir. prevent aphids from escaping. In each location three traps were placed. The traps were emptied at weekly interval and Sub-tribe-Aphidina Latreille, 1802 the aphids were taken to the laboratory in plastic vials One viz., Aphis Linnaeus 1788, with 9 species was containing 80% ethyl alcohol for further studies. recorded.

Colonising aphid population Aphis gossypii Glover, 1802 Each field was visited at fortnightly interval and aphid Aphis gossypii is commonly known as cotton aphid. This infested plant parts and associated predators were collected species of aphid had wide range of host plants in different from infested plants in polybags, labelled for location, crop horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir. This species was found and date, and brought to laboratory. The aphid colonies on 14 different species of host plants. The host plant included containg aphid mummies were incubated for a few days till Prunus percica (Peach), Capsicum annuum (Chili), Cucurbits the parasitoids emerged. The remaing adult aphids and (Bottle guard, cucumber and other gaurds), Abroma agusta emerged parasitoids were transferred to small bottles filled (Devil’s cotton), Buddeleja asiatica (W. butterfly bush), with 80% ethanol and stored till further processing. Rumex sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Lucerne, Wild apple, Pear, Plum, Taraxacum officinale (Dendallion), Chenopodium Slide preparation album, Chrysanthemum sp. Natural enemies which were The apterous and alate aphids were slide mount using the associated with the Aphis gossypii included predator viz., protocol suggested by Foottit et al. [31]. The morphometric Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), characters of the specimens were used for the identification Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and description of the aphid species using the key given by Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly and Blackman and Eastop [32, 7, 4] and other relevant literature. parasitoids included Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) (Rishi, 1976), Trioxy srubicola Shujauddin [33]. Result and Discussion Survey of aphids was made in fruit, vegetable, floriculture Aphis pomi De Geer, 1773 and medicinal plant ecosystems of temperate horticultural It is commonly known as Green apple aphid. Aphis pomi was ecosystems of Kashmir during 2012-15. A total of 51 species recorded mainly on the Malus domestica (Apple) in fruit of aphids belonging to 30 genera spread over 5 sub families of ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators which reported to feed on Aphididae were recorded. Among the recorded species, 13 the Aphis pomi include Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Adalia species and 4 genera are first records from Jammu and tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Coccinella Kashmir. The first records of genera are Metopolophium and septempunctata L., Chrysoperlaz. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Pseudaphis and first records of aphid species are Aphis Syrphid fly larvae. verbasci, Aphis rumicis, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus rumexicolens, Capitophorus formosartemisiae, Chaetosiphon Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 fragaefolii, Dysaphis pyri, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aphis craccivora is commonly known as cow pea aphid. The Metopolophium montanum, Myzus dycei and Pseudaphis main host plants on which Aphis craccivora was recorded in abyssinica. The aphid species of family Aphididae, stretched different horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir included over five sub-families viz., Aphidinae (41 species and 21 Cissam pelospariera (Ice vine), Dolichos lablab (Lablab genera), Eriosomatinae (2 species and 2 genera), bean), Robinia pseudoacacia (Kikar-Black Locust). Predators Chaitophorinae (3 species and 3 genera), Drepanosiphinae (3 which recorded to prey on Aphis craccivora included species and 3 genera) and Lachinae (2 species and 2 genera) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), were found infesting more than 65 species of horticultural Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly. crops (vegetables, fruits, floriculture and medicinal crops) and Parasitoids recovered included Ephedrus persicae (Froggatt) associated flora occurring in diverse areas and localities of [34] and Trioxys jaii (Bhagat) [18, 19]. Kashmir (Table 1). In Jammu and Kashmir State, the previous works published on aphid fauna are by Bhagat [12, 13]; Khan et Aphis spiraecola (Patch, 1914) al., [14] and Bhagat, [15, 16, 17]. Some authors has also recoded Aphis spiraecola is commonly known as spirea aphid. Aphis aphid natural enemies and aphid food catalogue such as spiraecola was recorded on the Malus domestica (Apple) and Bhagat (1981,1982a, 1982b) [12, 18, 19]; Raychaudhari (1983) cucumber in fruit and vegetable ecosystems of Kashmir. [20]; Bhagat and Lone (1984) [21]; Dey and Akhtar (2007) [22]; Predators, which were recorded to feed on A. spiraecola Khan (2008) [23]; Khan and Mir (2008) [24]; Khan et al., (2009) include H. dimidiata, Adalia tetraspilota, Hippodamia [14]; Mushtaq and Khan (2010 a, b) [25, 26]; Khan (2011) [27]; variegata (Goe.), C. septempunctata, C. z. sillemi, spiders and

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syrphid fly larva. Aphis spiraecola is parasitized by Aphidius Natural enemies which were associated with the matricariae Haliday [34] as recorded from Jammu and maidis included Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Kashmir. Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Parasitoid recorded was Aphidius colemani Viereck. Aphis fabae solanella Theobald, 1914 It is commonly known as Black bean aphid. Aphis fabae Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffery, 1782) solanella was recorded mainly on the Solanum miniatum, This species was recorded on different host plants viz., Phaseolus sp. (French beans) and Euonymus japonicus (ever Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum) Malus domestica green) an ornamental plant of Kashmir. Predators which were (Apple), wild apple, Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus recorded to feed on the Aphis fabae solanella include H. persica (Peach). Predators associated with Hyalopterus pruni dimidiata, Adalia tetraspilota, Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota C. septempunctata, Chrysoperla z. sillemi, spiders and (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Chrysoperla sp., syrphid fly larva. spiders and syrphid fly.

Aphis nerii Boyer B de Fonscolombe, 1841 Hyalopterus amygdale (Blanchard, 1840) It is commonly known as Milk-weed aphid. Aphis nerii was This species was recorded on different host plants viz., reported mainly on the Nerium indicum (Sweet oleander) and Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum) Malus domestica Calotropis gigantean (Crown flower). Predators, which were (Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica recorded to feed on the Aphis nerii include Coccinella (Peach). Predators associated with this aphid species were septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Parasitoid which Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), and Chrysoperla sp. spiders, was recorded to parasitize on Aphis nerii was Aphidius syrphid fly. colemani Viereck [35]. Tribe-Macrosiphini Wilson, 1910 Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863 Seventeen genera and 27 species were recorded from this Aphis punicae is commonly known as pomegranate aphid. tribe; the genera are , Myzus, , Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) was the only host plant Macrosiphum, Dysaphis, Aulacorthum, Brachycaudus, infested by the A. punicae found in fruit ecosystem of , Cavariella, , , Kashmir. Predators, reported to feed on A. punicae were , , , Pseudaphis, , Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Metopolophium and Chaetosiphon. Out of these, genus Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid flies. Metopolophium and Pseudaphis was newly recorded from Jammu and Kashmir. The different species belonging to these del Guercio, 1911 genera are described as under: Mentha sp. (Mint) was the only host plant infested by the Aphis affinis. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis affinis were Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), It is commonly known as cabbage aphid. This species infests Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly all cole crops including Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), larvae. Brassica oleracea var. acephella (Hakh), B. oleracea var. capitata (Cauliflower), Knolkhol, Malus domestica (Apple), Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 Descurainea puncta, Kale. Natural enemies which were Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 is a new species records from associated with the B. brassicae included Hippodamia Jammu and Kashmir. Verbascum thapsus (common mullein) variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea was the only host plant observed to be infested by Aphis luteopustulata (Mul.), Coccinella septempunctata, Spiders, verbasci. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis verbasci were Syrphid fly and single parasitoid viz., Aphidius matricariae Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Haliday (Stary and Bhagat, 1978) was observed on B. Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid fly brassicae. larvae. Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1762) Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, 1758 Myzus persicae is commonly known as green peach aphid. Rumix sp. was the only host plant recorded to be infested by This species was recorded from 7 different host plants Aphis rumicis. Predators recorded to feed on Aphis rumicis including Solanum melongena Brinjal), Capcicum annuum were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Chili), Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Hibiscus (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), spiders and syrphid esculentus (Okra), Potato, peach, Capsella-bursa pastoris and fly larvae. This is the first record of Aphis rumicis from Solamun nigrum. Predators associated with M. persicae Kashmir. included Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly Sub-tribe: Rhopalosiphina Mordvilko, 1914 and parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Toxares zakai The Rhopalosiphina is another sub-tribe of tribe-Aphidini Shujauddin [33] were recorded on M. persicae. recorded in horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir. It includes two genera viz., Rhopalosiphum and Hyalopterus. Myzus umecola Shinji, 1924 Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder) was the only host plant Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) infested by the M. umecola. Predators reported to feed on M. This species was reported on different host plants in different umecola were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata horticultural ecosystems of Kashmir. The host plant included (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sp., Spiders Zea mays (Maize) and Nymphaea alba (White water lily). and Syrphid fly and only single parasitoid viz., Ephedrus

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srinagarensis (Stary and Bhagat) [34] was recorded to Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) parasitize M. umecola. The host plants included Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), Notonia grandifolia (Fleshy ragweed), Peach and Erigeron Myzus dycei Carver, 1961 Canadensis. Natural enemies which were associated with the Urtica dioica was the only host plant recorded to be infested B. helichrysi included predator viz., Coccinella by M. dycei. Predators, recorded to feed on M. dycei were septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goe), tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (M.) Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.) and Chrysoperla larvae. M. Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, and Syrphid fly and dycei is being recorded for the first time from Kashmir. Aphidius matricariae Haliday was the only parasitoid recorded to parasitize B. helichrysi. Myzaphis rosarum Kaltenbach, 1843 Rosa webbiana (HimalyanWild Rose) was the only host plant Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch, 1917) infested by Myzaphis rosarum. Predators recorded to feed on Rumex sp. was the only host plant infested by B. Myzaphis rosarum were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia rumexicolens. Predators recorded to feed on B. rumexicolens variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Syrphid fly and parasitoid recorded was Aphidius rosae Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Haliday. Spiders and Syrphid fly. This is the first record of B. rumexicolens from Kashmir. Macrosiphum avenae Fabricius, 1775 Cymbopogan nardus (Nardus grass) and Triticum astivum Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette, 1908) (Wheat) were host plants infested by Macrosiphum avenae. Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) was the only host Predators, recorded to feed on Macrosiphum avenae were plant recorded to be infested by Macrosiphoniella sanborni. Coccinella septempunctata L, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Predators recorded to feed on Macrosiphoniella sanborni Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Propylea luteopustulata were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid fly and single parasitoid viz., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Aphidius Trioxys kahmirensis (Tak.) [35] was recorded to parasitize absinthii Marshall was the parasitoid recorded on Macrosiphum avenae. Macrosiphoniella sanborni.

Macrosiphum rosae Linnaeus, 1758 Macrosiphoniella artemisiae (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) was the only host plant observed to Artemisia was the only host plant observed to be infested by infest by the M. rosae Predators recorded to feed on M. artemisiae. Predators recorded to prey on M. artemisiae were Coccinella septempunctata, were Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), (Hope) Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid Chrysoperla sp., Spiders and Syrphid fly and single parasitoid fly. viz., Aphidius rosae Haliday was recorded to parasitize Macrosiphum rosae. Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae (Shinji, 1922) Artemisia was the only host plant observed to be infested by Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) the M. yomogifoliae. Predators recorded to prey on M. Solanum melongena (Brinjal) was the only host plant yomogifoliae were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia observed to be infested by M. euphorbiae. Predators recorded variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. to feed on M. euphorbiae were Coccinella septempunctata, sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Syrphid fly. Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly and a parasitoid, Trioxys kahmirensis Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli, 1763) (Takada) [35] was recorded to parasitize M. euphorbiae. Silex alba (willow) was the only host plant infested by the Cavariella aegopodii. Predators feeding on Cavariella Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) aegopodii were Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Callicaria Prunus persica (Peach) and Malus domestica (Apple) were superba (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia host plants infested by D. pyri. Predators observed to feed on tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Syrphid fly. Ephedrus minor D. (pomaphis) pyri were Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Stelfox [35] was recorded to parasitize Cavariella aegopodii. Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776 parasitoids, Aphidius colemani Viereck was observed to Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) and Pisum sativum (Pea) parasitize D. (pomaphis) pyri. This is the first record D. were host plants infested by Acyrthosiphon pisum. Predators (Pomaphis) pyri from Kashmir. preying upon Acyrthosiphon pisum were Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders and Syrphid Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843) fly and parasitoids, Aphidius smithi Sharma and Subbarao [35] Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) was the only host plant observed was recorded to parasitize Acyrthosiphon pisum. to be infested by A.solani. Predators reported to feed on A. solani were Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia Acyrthosiphon rubi (Narzikulov, 1957) variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and Rubus fruticosus Lucviatour was the only host plant observed Syrphid fly and a parasitoid Aphidius sp. was recorded to to be infested by Acyrthosiphon rubi. Predators preying upon parasitise A. solani. This is is the first record A. solani from Acyrthosiphon rubi were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia Kashmir. variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. &P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.

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Sitobion rosaeiformis (Das, 1918) Metopolophium sp. Predators associated with the Rosa damascena (Damask rose) was the only host plant Metopolophium sp. colony were Calvia punctata (Mul.), infested by the Sitobion rosaeiformis. Predators preying upon Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Sitobion rosaeiformis were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Spiders and Syrphid fly, and Toxares deltiger (Haliday) was Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), recorded to parasitize on Metopolophium sp. Chrysoperla sillemi E. &P., Spiders and Syrphid fly and parasitoids, Aphidius rosae Haliday and A. uzbekistanicus L. (Cockerell, 1901) [35] were observed to parasitize Sitobion rosaeiformis. was the only host plant infested by the Chaetosiphon fragaefolii as recorded in the fruit ecosystem of Phorodon cannabis Passerini, 1860 Kashmir. Predators observed to prey on Chaetosiphon Cannabis sativa (Hemp) was the only host plant infested by fragaefolii were Calvia punctata (Mul.) Hippodamia Phorodon cannabis. Predators recorded to prey upon variegata (Goe.) and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope). Phorodon cannabis were Coccinella septempunctata L, Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Sub-family-Eriosomatinae Spiders and Syrphid fly, and parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae The sub-family Eriosomatinae included two tribes viz., H. [35] was recorded to parasitize Phorodon cannabis. Eriosomatini and Pemphigini, recorded in Kashmir.

Uroleucon compositae (Theobald, 1915) Tribes-Eriosomatini Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) was the only host Single genus Eriosoma was recorded from Tribe-Eriosomatini plant infested by Uroleucon compositae. Predators feeding in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. upon Uroleucon compositae were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) and Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802) parasitoids viz., Trioxys centaureae (Haliday) and T. The genus Eriosoma had single species, E. lanigerum (woolly uroleucon Takada were recorded to parasitize Uroleucon apple aphid) recorded on Malus domestica (Apple) in fruit compositae. ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators observed to prey on E. lanigerum were Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. (Das, 1918) Sillemi E.& P. and Parasitoids viz., Aphelinus mali and Coriandrum sativum (Corriander) was the only host plant Areopraon lepellepi (W.) [37] were recorded to parasitize on E. infested by Hyadaphis coriandri. Predators preying upon lanigerum. Hyadaphis coriandri were Coccinella septempunctata L, Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia Tribes- Pemphigini tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Prociphilus was the only genus of Tribe-Pemphigini that was Syrphid fly, and parasitoid Aphidius matricariae H. was recorded in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. recorded to parasitize on Hyadaphis coriandri. Prociphilus micheliae Koach, 1857 Pseudaphis abyssinica Hille Ris Lambers, 1954 In tribe-Pemphigini had single species viz., P. micheliae Many species of Rose were observed to be infested by recorded on Michelia champa (Golden champa). Predators Pseudaphis abyssinica. Predators associated with Pseudaphis recorded to prey on P. micheliae were Coccinella abyssinica were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia septempunctata L, Calvia punctata(Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders and variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), spiders and Syrphid fly. Thisis the first record of Pseudaphis abyssinica syrphid flies. Parasitoid Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) was from Kashmir. recorded on P. micheliae.

Lipaphis erysimi (pseudobrassicae) (Davis, 1914) Sub-family-Lachinae Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854 The host plants included Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), The sub-family Lachinae included two tribes viz., Tramini Brassica juncaea (Mustard), Brassica oleracea var capitata and Lachini, reported in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. (Cauliflower), Turnip and Radish and other cruciferous crops. Natural enemies which were associated with the Lipaphis The tribe- Tramini erysimi included predators viz., Coccinella septempunctata The tribe-Tramini had single genus viz., Protrama Baker, L., Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Hippodamia variegate 1920 as recorded in vegetable ecosystem of Kashmir. (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E.& P., Spiders, and Syrphid fly and Lysaphidus erysimi Stray [36] Protrama penecaea Stryon 1998 was the parasitoid recorded from Lipaphis pseudobrassicae. The species Protrama penecaea was recorded on Helianthus tuberosus (Artichoke). Predators recorded to prey on P. Metopolophium montanum HilleRisLambers, 1947 penecaea were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia This is the first record of Metopolophium montanum from variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Kashmir. Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) was the only host plant Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, spiders and syrphid flies. infested by Metopolophium montanum. Predators preying upon Metopolophium montanum were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Tribe–Lachnini Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), In Tribe–Lachini, two genera were recorded namely Spiders and Syrphid fly, and Toxares deltiger (Haliday) was Pyrolachnus and Pterochloroides with one species each. recorded to parasitize Metopolophium montanum. Pyrolachnus pyri (Buckton, 1899) Metopolophium sp. Pyrolachnus pyri was observed on Malus domestic (Apple) Wild rose was found to be infested by some undetermined and Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) in fruit ecosystem of

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Kashmir. Predators recorded to feed on Pyrolachnus pyri Sub-family-Drepanosiphinae were Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), In subfamily Drepanospihinae, three genera viz. Tinocallis, and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P, Chromaphis amd Panaphis were recorded from Kashmir with spiders and syrphid flies. one species each.

Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) Tinocallis sp. Pterochloroides persicae was a single species recorded under The genus Tinocallis included one undetermined species genus Pterochloroides on Prunus persica (Peach) in fruit recorded on Elm. Predators reported to feed on T. saltans ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators recorded to prey on P. were Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), persicae were Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Coccinella and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, septempunctata L, Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia Spiders and Syrphid fly. tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P, spiders and syrphid flies. Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach, 1843) The genus Chromaphis included species viz., C. juglandicola Sub-family-Chaitophorinae Eastop, 1966 recorded on Juglans regia (walnut) in fruit ecosystem of The tribe-Chaitophorini had single genus viz., Chaitophorus Kashmir. Predators reported to feed on C. juglandicola were and two species viz., Chaitophorus sp. reported on Poplus sp. Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Calvia punctata (Mul.), (Poplar) and C. formosartemisiae reported on Artemisia in Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. Chrysoperla. z. sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly and parasitoid reported on C. juglandicola was Trioxys pallidus Chaitophorus sp. (Haliday) [36]. Chaitophorus sp. was recorded on Poplus sp. (Poplar) in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir. Predators recorded to feed Panaphis juglandis (Goetze, 1778) on Chaitophorus sp were Calvia punctata (Mul.), The genus-Panaphis (Calipteras) had single species viz., Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope). Panaphis juglandis (Goetze) recorded to feed on single host Parasitoid viz., Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch) (Shujauddin, plant viz., Juglans regia (walnut) in fruit ecosystem of 1978) was recorded to parasitize on Chaitophorus sp. Kashmir. Predators recorded to prey on P. juglandis (Goetze) were Harmonia eucharis (Mu.), Hippodamia variegata Chaitophorus formosartemisiae (Takahashi, 1921) (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Calvia punctata Chaitophorus formosartemisiae is a first record on Artemisia (Mul.), Chrysoperla.z. Sillemi E. & P, Spiders and Syrphid fly in horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir Predators reported to and parasitoid on P. juglandis (Goetze) was Trioxys pallidus feed on Chaitophorus formosartemisiae were Calvia punctata (Haliday). (Mul.), Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), and Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders and Syrphid fly.

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Table 1: Inventory of associated host plant and natural enemies of the aphid fauna of Kashmir during 2012-2015

Sub family, Tribe and Genus Species Associated host plant Associated N.E Subtribe A. Sub family-Aphidinae A.1. Tribe-Aphidini Latreille, 1802 Capsicum annuum (Chili), Cucurbit sp. (Bottle guard), Abroma agusta (Devil’s cotton), Buddeleja asiatica (W. a. Predators. butterfly bush), Rumex sp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Propyle aluteopustulata (M.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Aphis gossypii Glover, Hippodamia variegata (Goe.) 1802 Lucerne, Wild apple, Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica (Apple), Prunus Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly (Cotton aphid) armeniaca(Apricot) b. Parasitoids Prunus persica (Peach), Taraxa cumofficinale Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Trioxys rubicola Shujauddin (Dendallion), Chenopodium album,Chrysanthemum sp. a. Predators. Aphis pomi De Geer, Harmonia dimidiata (F.) 1773 Malus domestica (Apple) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), (Green apple aphid) Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla z. sillemi E.& P., Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. Aphis craccivora Koch, Cissampelos pariera (Ice vine) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), 1854. Dolichos lablab (Lablab bean) Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly A.1. 1. Sub tribe-Aphidina Aphis Linnaeus, 1758 Latreille, 1802 (Cow pea aphid) Bobinia pseudoacacia (Kikar-Black Locust) b. Parasitoids. Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, Trioxys jaii Bhagat a. Predators. Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Aphis spiraecola Malus domestica (Apple) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. (Patch,1914) Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) & P, Spiders, Syrphid fly. (Spirea aphid) b. Parasitoids. Aphidius matricariae Haliday a. Predators. Aphis fabae solanella Solanum miniatum Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate Theobald,1914 Phaseolus sp.(French bean), Euonymus japanicus (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea (Black bean aphid) Thumb luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. Aphis nerii Boyer B de Nerium indicum (Sweet oleander) Fonscolombe, 1841 Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Calotropis gigantean (Crown flower) Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly (Milk Weed aphid) b. Parasitoids.

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Aphidius colemani Viereck a. Predators. Aphis punicae Passerini, Punica granatum L. (Pome granate) 1863 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly Predators. Aphis affinis del Guercio, Mentha sp. (Mint) 1911 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly

a. Predators. *Aphis (A.) verbasci Verbascum thapsus Schrank, 1801 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. *Aphis rumicis Linnaeus, Rumix sp. 1758 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Coccinella septempunctata L., Zea maize (Maize) Rhopalosiphum Koch, 1854 R. maidis(Fitch, 1856) Spiders, Syrphid fly Nymphaea alba (White water lily) b. Parasitoids Aphidius colemani Viereck Prunuscerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica a. Predators. A. 1. 2. Sub-Tribe- H. pruni (Geoffery, 1782) (Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica Rhopalosiphina Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), (Peach) Mordvilko, 1914 Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Malus domestica a. Predators. Hyalopterus amygdale Hyalopterus Koch, 1854 (Apple), Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus persica (Blanchard, 1840). Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), (Peach) Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. Prunus cerasus, P. domestica (Plum), Prunus armeniaca Hyalopterus sp. (Apricot), Prunus persica (Peach) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Coccinella septempunctata Brassica oleracea (Cabbage) B. brassicae (Linnaeus, L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Brevicoryne Brassica oleracea var. acephella (Hakh), B. 1758) Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & Van der Goot, 1915 oleraceavar.capitata (Cauliflower), Knolkhol (Cabbage aphid) P., Spiders, Syrphid fly A. 2. Tribe-Macrosiphini Malus domestica (Apple), Descurainia ouncta, Kale b. Parasitoids. Wilson, 1910 Aphidius matricariae Haliday Solanum melongena (Brinjal), Capcicum annuum a. Predators. M. persicae (Sulzer, Myzus (Nectarosiphon) (Chili) 1762) Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Passerini, 1860 Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Hibiscus esculentus Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. (Green peach aphid) (Okra), Potato (Solanum tubersum) & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly

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Capsella-bursa pastoris b. Parasitoids. Solamun nigrum Aphidius colemani Viereck, Toxares zakai Shujauddin a. Predators Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), M. umecola Shinji, 1924 Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder ) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Parasitoids Ephedrus srinagarensis Stray &Bhagat a. Predators. *M. dycei Carver, 1961 Urtica dioica Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators. Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Myzaphis M. rosarum (K.) Rosa webbiana (Him. Wild Rose) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly Van der Goot, 1913 Kaltenbach, 1843 b. Parasitoids Aphidius rosae Haliday Predator Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate Cymbopo gannardus (Nardus grass) (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), M. avenae Fabricus, 1775 Triticum astivum (Wheat) Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Parasitiods Trioxys kahmirensis (Tak.) a. Predators Macrosiphum Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate Cholodrovsky, 1902 M. rosae Linnaeus, 1758 Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Parasitoids Aphidius rosae Haliday a. Predators. *M. euphorbiae Coccinella septempunctata L., Spiders, Syrphid fly Solanum melongena (Brinjal) (Thomas, 1878) b. Parasitoids Trioxys kahmirensis (Takada) a. Predators Dysaphis Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Hippodamia variegate *D. (pomaphis) pyri Prunuspersica (Peach) (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi Bormer, 1931 (Boyer de Fonscolombe, E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly 1841) Malusdomestica (Apple) (Pomaphis) b. Parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck Aulacorthum *A. solani (Kaltenbach, Hibiscus esculentus (Okra) a. Predators ~ 197 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Morrilko, 1914 1843) Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Parasitoid Aphidius sp. a. Predators Brassica oleracea (Cabbage) Coccinella septempunctata L., Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Notonia grandifolia (Fleshy ragweed) B. helichrysi (Kaltenbach, Propylealuteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperlasillemi E. & P., 1843) Peach, plum, apple Brachycaudus Spiders, Syrphid fly Erigeron canadensis (Thuleaphis) Van der Goot, b. Parasitoids 1913 Aphidius matricariae Haliday a. Predator *B. rumexicolens Rumex sp. Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), (Patch, 1917) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), M. sanborni Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium (Daisy) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Spiders, Syrphid fly (Gillette,1908) b. Parasitoid Aphidius absinthii Marshall

Macrosiphoniella a. Predators. M. artemisiae Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Del Guercio, 1911 (Boyerdefons Colombe, Artemisia Propylea luteopustulata (Mul.) 1841) Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predator M. (M.) yomogifoliae Artemisia Calvia punctata (Mul.), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), (Shinji, 1922) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators Aiolocaria hexaspilota (Hp.), Callicaria superba (Mul.), Cavariella C. aegopodii (Scopoli, Silex alba (willow) Spiders, Syrphid fly Del Guercio, 1911 1763) b. Parasitoids Ephedrus minor Stelfox a. Predators Acyrthosiphon Phaseolus sp.(French bean) Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), A. Pisum Harris, 1776 Mordvelko, 1914 Pisum sativum (Pea) Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Parasitoids

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Aphidius smithi S. a. Predator Arubi (Narzikulov, 1957) Rubus fruticosus Lucviatour. Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Sitobion S. rosaeiformis (Das, Rosa damascene (Damask rose) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly Mordvilko, 1914 1918) b. Parasitoids Aphidius rosae Haliday, A.uzbekistanicus L. a. Predators Coccinella septempunctata L, Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Phorodon P. cannabis Passerini, Cannabis sativa (Bang) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly Passerini, 1860 1860 b. Parasitoid Aphidius matricariae H. a. Predator Uroleucon U. compositae (Theobald, Calvia punctata (Mul.) Chrysanthemum Cinerarifolium (Daisy) Mordvilko, 1914 1915) b. Parasitoids Trioxys centaureae (Haliday), T.uroleucon Takada a. Predator Hyadaphis Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers, H. coriandri (Das, 1918) Coriandrum sativum (Corriander) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.), 1976 Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P. Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators *Pseudaphis *P. abyssinica Hille Ris Rosa indica (Cyme Rose) Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hille Ris Lambers, 1954 Lambers, 1954 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators Coccinella septempunctata L, Propylea luteopustulata Lipaphis L. pseudobrassicae Brassica oleracea (Cabbage), Brassica juncaea (M.), sexmaculata (F) (Mustard), Brassica oleracea var.capitata (Cauliflower), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly Mordvilko, 1914 (Davis, 1914) Turnip, Radish b. Parasitoids Lysaphidus erysimi Stray a. Predators *Metopolophium *M. montanum Hille Ris Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Rose indica (Cyme rose) Mordvilko, 1914 Lambers, 1947 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Prasitoids

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Toxares deltiger (Haliday) Predators Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Metopolophium sp. wild rose Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Prasitoids Toxares deltiger (Haliday) a. Predator Chaetosiphon (Pentatrichopus) *C. fragaefolii Straw berry Mordvilko, 1914 (Cockerell, 1901) Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.) A. Sub-family-

Eriosomatinae a. Predator Propylea luteopustulata (M.), Chrysoperla z. Sillemi E. & Eriosoma E. lanigerum B. 1. Tribe- Eriosomatini Malus domestica (Apple) P. Leach, 1818 (Hausmann,1802) b. Parasitoids Aphelinus mali, Areopraon lepellepi (W.) a. Predators Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), P. micheliae Hille Ris Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Calvia punctata (Mul.), B.2. Tribe- Pemphigini Prociphilus Koach, 1857 Micheliachampa (Golden champa) Lambers, 1933 Spiders, Syrphid fly b.Parasitoids Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) C. Sub-family-Lachinae

Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854 a. Predator C.1. Tribe: Tramini Protrama P. penecaea Stryon Helianthus tuberosus (Artichoke) Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Herrich-Schaeffer, 1854 Baker, 1920 Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperlasillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predator Pyrolachnus Malus domestica (Apple) Harmonia dimidiata (F.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Basu and Hille Ris Lambers, P. pyri (Buckton, 1899) Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & 1968 P., Spiders, Syrphid fly C.2. Tribe: Lachnini a. Predator PterochloroidesMordvilko, P. persicae Ghosh, 1982 Prunus persica (Peach) Harmoni eucharis (Mul.), Coccinella septempunctata L, 1914 Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly D. Sub-family- Chaitophorinae Eastop, 1966

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a. Predator Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Chaitophorus sp. Poplus sp.(Poplar) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), b.Parasitoids D.1. Tribe-Chaitophorini Chaitophorus Koch, 1854 Mordvilko, 1914 Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch) a. Predator *C. formosartemisiae Artemisia Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) (Takahashi, 1921) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly E. Sub-family-

Drepanosiphinae

a. Predator Tinocallis Matsumura, 1919 Tinocallis sp. Elm Calvia punctata (Mul.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope) Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), Chrysoperla sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly a. Predators Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmoni eucharis (Mu.), Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegate (Goe.), C. juglandicola Chromaphis Walker, 1870 Juglans regia (walnut) Calvia punctata (Mul.), (Kaltenbach, 1843) Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Parasitoids. Trioxys pallidus(Haliday) a. Predators Coccinella septempunctata L, Harmonia eucharis (Mul.), Calvia punctata (Mul.), Chrysoperla z. sillemi E. & P., Calipteras (Panaphis) C. juglandis (Goetze) Juglans regia (walnut) Spiders, Syrphid fly b. Parasitoids. Trioxys pallidus (Haliday) *New records genus and species from Kashmir (2012-15)

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Acknowledgements Sciences. 2012a; 2(3):116-125. This work was funded by Department of Science and 17. Bhagat RC. Aphids (Insecta) damaging medicinal and Technology (DST), New Delhi, GOI under the project entitled aromatic plants of Jammu and Kashmir State (India): an “ and management of aphid fauna of temperate updated checklist and biodiversity. Indian Journal of horticulture ecosystem of Kashmir”. We also thank Dr. Applied & Pure Biology 2012b; 27(1):1-10. Rajendra Singh, Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, 18. Bhagat RC. New aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University, Gorakhpur (UP) for his Aphidiiae) from Kashmir, India. Oriental . 1982a; valuable help in identification of samples. 16:113-117. 19. Bhagat RC. On two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera Reference Aphidiiae) from Kashmir. Entomon. 1982b; 7(3):321- 1. Dixon AFG. Aphid Ecology, 2nd edn. Chapman and 324. Hall, London, 1998, 300. 20. Raychaudburi DN. (ed.) Food plant catalogue of India 2. Dixon AFG. 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