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Understanding the Chess Openings

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Understanding the Chess Openings Understanding the Chess Openings Sam Collins First published in the UK by Gambit Publications Ltd 2005 Reprinted 2006, 2009 (with corrections) Copyright © Sam Collins 2005 The right of Sam Collins to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accor­ dance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. ISBN-13: 978-1 -904600-28-2 ISBN-10: 1-904600-28-X DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide (except USA): Central Books Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN, England. Tel +44 (0)20 8986 4854 Fax +44 (0)20 8533 5821. E-mail: [email protected] Gambit Publications Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN, England. E-mail: [email protected] Website (regularly updated): www.gambitbooks.com Edited by Graham Burgess Typeset by Petra N unn Cover image by WolffMorrow Printed by the MPG Books Group in the UK. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Gambit Publications Ltd Managing Director: GM Murray Chandler Chess Director: GM John Nunn Editorial Director: FM Graham Burgess GermanEditor: WFM Petra Nunn Webmaster: Dr Helen Milligan WPM Contents Symbols 8 Introduction 9 Section 1: Open Games 11 Italian Game 12 Perfect Centre 12 Bishop Exchanges 13 Giuoco Piano 14 Meller Attack 14 Evans Gambit 16 Two Knights 19 Two Knights Main Line 19 Max Lange Attack 20 King's Gambit 22 Rare 2nd moves 24 Petroff 26 Philidor 28 Four Knights 30 Scotch Game 31 Roy Lopez 34 Kingside Manoeuvres 34 Roy Lopez Part 1 36 Berlin 36 Third-Move Alternatives 38 Roy Lopez Part 2 40 Exchange Lopez 40 Steinitz Deferred 41 Open Lopez 42 Meller 44 Roy Lopez Part 3 46 Marshall Attack 46 Anti-Marshall 48 Early d4 49 Chi gorin 49 Breyer 51 Zaitsev 52 Closed Lopez: Other Systems 53 4 UNDERSTANDIN G THE CHESS OPENINGS Section 2: Semi-Open Games 54 Sicilian 55 DragonSet-up 55 Scheveningen Set-up 55 NajdorfSet-up 56 Maroczy Bind Set-up 56 c-File 56 Dragon 57 Accelerated Dragon 60 Classical (and Richter-Rauzer) 61 Sozin 62 Scheveningen (and Keres Attack) 63 Classical Scheveningen 64 Taimanov 66 Kan 67 Najdorf (and English Attack) 68 Najdorf .ltg5 71 Najdorf .ltc4 74 Najdorf .lte2 (and Other Moves) 76 Sveshnikov 77 Kalashnikov 79 Moscow & Rossolimo 81 Grand Prix Attack 82 Closed Sicilian 83 c3 Sicilian 84 4 'i!Vxd4 and Other Sidelines 85 French 87 Pawn-Chain 87 Bad Bishop 87 Exchange French 88 Advance French 88 Tarrasch 90 Rubinstein 92 Winawer 93 Classical 94 Caro-Kann 96 Open Centre 96 Exchange & Panov-Botvinnik 96 Advance Caro-Kann 98 Main Line: 4 ....ltf5 (and Deviations) 99 Main Line: 4 ...lL!d7 (and 4 ...lL!f6) 101 Alekhine 103 Scandinavian 105 Nimzowitsch 107 CONTENTS 5 Pirc/Modem 108 Austrian 108 Classical 109 150 Attack 110 Pribyl Pirc 111 Gurgenidze 112 Fianchetto 113 Anti-Pirc 114 Owen's Defence 115 Section 3: Queen's Gambit 116 Light-Squared Bishop 116 Queen's Gambit Accepted 117 3 e4 117 3 lbf3 with 4 e3 119 Two Knights (4 lbc3) 120 Queen's Gambit Declined 122 Carlsbad Structure 122 Orthodox & Lasker 122 Tartakower 124 Exchange 125 5 i.f4 126 Catalan 127 Tarrasch & Semi-Tarrasch 128 Cambridge Springs 130 Slav 132 Main Line with 6 ...e6 (and Early Deviations) 132 Main Line with 6 . ..lbbd7 134 Early e3 135 ...a6 Slav 135 Exchange Slav 137 Semi-Slav 138 5 i.g5 138 5 e3 and the Meran 140 Wedge Variation 142 Chigorin and Unusual Lines 143 Blackmar-Diemer Gambit 145 Section 4: Indian Defences 146 Nimzo-Indian 147 6 UNDERSTANDING THE CHESS OPENINGS The Isolated Queen's Pawn 148 Idea for White No. 1: d4-d5 Advance 148 Idea for White No.2: CentralAttack 148 Idea for White No.3: Kingside Attack 149 Idea for White No. 4: Queenside Play 149 Idea for Black: Simplification 149 Working on the Queenside Weaknesses 149 Samisch & 4 f3 150 Rubinstein 151 Leningrad 153 Kasparov Variation 155 Classical (4 'ilic2) & Others 156 Queen's Indian 158 4g3 158 4 a3 160 4 e3 & 4 .i.f4 161 Bogo-Indian 163 King's Indian 165 Pawn-Storms 165 Classical: Introduction 166 Classical Main Line 168 Samisch 170 Four Pawns 172 Fianchetto 174 Averbakh and Unusual Lines 175 Griinfeld 177 Griinfeld Centre 177 Exchange: Introduction & Classical 177 Modem Exchange 180 Russian System 182 Fianchetto 183 Early Bishop Moves (and Minor Lines) 184 Benoni Systems 186 Modem Benoni 186 Benko Gambit 189 Dutch 191 Stonewall 191 Leningrad 193 Classical 194 Odds & Ends 195 Trompowsky 196 Torre, Barry and Colle 198 Veresov 199 ...d6 System 200 Black Knights' Tango & Budapest 201 CONTENTS 7 Section 5: Flank Openings 203 English 204 Symmetrical: Queenside Play 204 Symmetrical: Central Play 205 Symmetrical: Hedgehog 207 Four Knights 208 Botvinnik System 209 Reversed Dragon 210 Nimzo-English 211 Reti 213 Anti-Griinfelds 215 English Defence 216 Bird's Opening 217 Larsen's Opening 218 Dunst Opening 219 Basman's Opening 220 Index of Variations 22 1 Symbols + check ++ double check # checkmate " brilliant move ' good move !? interesting move ?! dubious move ? bad move ?? blunder (D) see next diagram Introduction If there's one thing I've discovered, it's my complete inability to write a decent introduction. Talking about things like 'the point of this book' or 'how to use this book' strikes me as ludi­ crous - the point of this book is to try to teach some stuffto a reader, and it is best used by read­ ing some and preferably a lot of it. So now that I've confessed my shortcomings, I'll try to write something approaching an introduction, promising nothing except brevity. In my limited coaching experience, I've often had to explain various openings to my stu­ dents. Most of these openings I don't play myself, so I had to acquire some sort of working knowledge (from opening manuals, databases, player biographies, tournament reports, lec­ tures and blitz games) into all the main variations likely to arise in my students' games. What I call 'working knowledge' is an understanding of where the pieces go and why they go there, a basic idea of what both sides want from a particular position and how they might try to get it. This kind of information used to be contained in books called opening primers, which died out for some reason. Perhaps people thought that, with the rapid growth of opening knowledge, a single relatively small volume couldn't deal with all the openings unless there was no explana­ tion but just endless reams of variations. They could be right, but I think (and hope) that the op­ posite is the case - precisely because of the growth of chess data, when even club players have extensive databases, what is needed is a simple verbal introduction to each opening, coupled with some of the most important main lines and indicative variations. This is the way I try to explain openings to my students, and this is the way I've tried to write this book. So at its nar­ rowest, this book consists of the notes I plan to refer to before I teach someone a specificopen­ ing -at its broadest, it's a series of lessons in openings for club players. I'm sure a lot of people at extremes of the rating spectrum won't get anything out of it - either because they findit too detailed or too simplistic - but hopefully most players in need of a general opening education will find this book sufficientto provide it. Two points remain, one about me and one about you. First, this book is written by me, and while I would call it broadly objective it could still be called a personal view of modem open­ ings. Accordingly, at certain points I mention alternatives to main-line theory or advocate sidelines which I think are more promising than well-trodden paths, and I warn the reader against certain lines, not because a top GM refuted it but because 'I don't like creating such a big centre before I'm fully developed' or something similar. I think I've always included the main variations even ifl prefer alternatives, and when I'm expressing a personal opinion rather than theoretical 'fact' I've flagged it as such, but the conclusions drawn in this book should al­ ways be tested against the reader's own chess sensibilities, assimilated if they make sense and rejected if they don't. Second, I think this book makes sense (I'm in serious trouble if it doesn't) but it only makes complete sense in its entirety. Certain positions (for instance, involving an isolated queen's pawn) arise so often in so many openings that it wasn't practical to explain a typical position each time it came up - instead, a comment like 'with a typical IQP position' is all the reader gets, while the complete discussion of IQP positions is confined to the Nimzo­ Indian section since this is the opening which creates this structure most often. Similarly 10 UNDERSTANDING THE CHESS OPENINGS Maroczy Bind positions pop up all the time, but for a better understanding of them the reader should look to the discussion in the Sicilian section. So the book is best read as a whole, though not necessarily in any particular order - each section informs each other section to a certain extent, and I think this mirrors modern opening play, when a good idea in one context is quickly borrowed and applied in a bunch of other settings.
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