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The Relation Between Genre and Audio Description

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The Relation Between Genre and Audio Description THE RELATION BETWEEN GENRE AND AUDIO DESCRIPTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AUDIO DESCRIPTION OF TWO FILMS BY ALEJANDRO GONZÁLEZ IÑÁRRITU: BIRDMAN (2014) AND THE REVENANT (2015) Aantal woorden: 19 703 Margo Devlies Studentennummer: 01307022 Promotor: Prof. dr. Hildegard Vermeiren Copromotor: Prof. dr. Lieve Jooken Masterproef voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van: Master in het Tolken (Nederlands – Engels – Duits) Academiejaar: 2016 - 2017 THE RELATION BETWEEN GENRE AND AUDIO DESCRIPTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AUDIO DESCRIPTION OF TWO FILMS BY ALEJANDRO GONZÁLEZ IÑÁRRITU: BIRDMAN (2014) AND THE REVENANT (2015) Aantal woorden: 19 703 Margo Devlies Studentennummer: 01307022 Promotor: Prof. dr. Hildegard Vermeiren Copromotor: Prof. dr. Lieve Jooken Masterproef voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van: Master in het Tolken (Nederlands – Engels – Duits) Academiejaar: 2016 - 2017 VERKLARING I.V.M. AUTEURSRECHT De auteur en de promotor(en) geven de toelating deze studie als geheel voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de beperkingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting de bron uitdrukkelijk te vermelden bij het aanhalen van gegevens uit deze studie. Het auteursrecht betreffende de gegevens vermeld in deze studie berust bij de promotor(en). Het auteursrecht beperkt zich tot de wijze waarop de auteur de problematiek van het onderwerp heeft benaderd en neergeschreven. De auteur respecteert daarbij het oorspronkelijke auteursrecht van de individueel geciteerde studies en eventueel bijhorende documentatie, zoals tabellen en figuren. De auteur en de promotor(en) zijn niet verantwoordelijk voor de behandelingen en eventuele doseringen die in deze studie geciteerd en beschreven zijn. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the people who have helped me greatly during the writing process of this thesis and without whom writing this dissertation would not have been possible. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr Hildegard Vermeiren, who has helped me in order to find the appropriate literature and who has assisted me with helpful tips and feedback during the writing of my thesis. Secondly, I would like to thank Dr Brecht de Groote for the language and grammar advice. Thirdly, thank you to the respondents, who have taken the time to watch the two movies and answer a number of questions. And finally, I would like to thank my family and friends, who have motivated and supported me during the whole writing process. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2 AIMS AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 5 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 9 3.1 Audio description: definition .................................................................................................. 9 3.2 ADP and ADC guidelines ..................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Film genre ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.3.1 Black comedy genre ......................................................................................................... 14 3.3.1.1 Birdman: Synopsis ................................................................................................................ 15 3.3.1.2 Birdman: Genre ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 Adventure genre ............................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2.1 The Revenant: Synopsis ........................................................................................................ 19 3.3.2.2 The Revenant: Genre ............................................................................................................. 21 3.4 Audio description and genre ................................................................................................. 22 4 BIRDMAN ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Analysis of the audio description ......................................................................................... 25 4.1.1 Suffering ........................................................................................................................... 25 4.1.2 Surroundings .................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.3 Open ending ..................................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Experiences of the research group and control group........................................................... 31 4.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 34 5 THE REVENANT .......................................................................................................... 37 5.1 Analysis of the audio description ......................................................................................... 37 5.1.1 Suffering ........................................................................................................................... 37 5.1.1.1 Physical suffering .................................................................................................................. 37 5.1.1.2 Mental suffering .................................................................................................................... 41 5.1.2 Surroundings .................................................................................................................... 44 5.1.3 Open ending ..................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 Experiences of the research group and control group........................................................... 50 5.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 53 6 GENERAL CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 57 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 61 8 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ 63 8.1 Audio description Birdman................................................................................................... 63 8.2 Audio description The Revenant ........................................................................................... 75 8.3 Questionnaire Birdman – control group ............................................................................... 97 8.4 Questionnaire Birdman – research group ............................................................................. 99 8.5 Questionnaire The Revenant – control group ..................................................................... 103 8.6 Questionnaire The Revenant – research group ................................................................... 105 Word count: 19 703 ABSTRACTS Nederlands: Deze studie is gebaseerd op de hypothese dat elk filmgenre specifieke kenmerken heeft. Bijgevolg moet de audiodescriptie van een film rekening houden met deze genrekenmerken om ervoor te zorgen dat een blind publiek een gelijkaardige filmervaring kan hebben als een publiek dat kan zien. In deze studie wordt de audiodescriptie van twee films van Alejandro González Iñárritu geanalyseerd, namelijk Birdman (2014), een zwarte komedie, en The Revenant (2015), een avonturenfilm. Het doel is om na te gaan of de kenmerken van de zwarte komedie en de avonturenfilm voldoende worden weergegeven in de twee audiodescripties. Daartoe worden het begrip audiodescriptie, de bestaande richtlijnen voor audiodescriptie, het concept genre en de genrekenmerken van de zwarte komedie en de avonturenfilm eerst verder toegelicht. Daarna wordt de audiodescriptie van drie uitgekozen kenmerken die tot beide filmgenres behoren onderzocht. De gekozen kenmerken zijn de volgende: mentaal en/of fysiek lijden, indrukwekkende omgeving en een open einde. Uit de resultaten van de analyse blijkt dat de twee audiodescripties wel degelijk rekening houden met de genrekenmerken. Toch blijken een aantal aspecten voor verbetering vatbaar. Ten eerste moet de audiobeschrijver mentale aandoeningen explicieter vermelden. Ten tweede moet meer rekening gehouden worden met details die fysiek lijden weergeven. Bovendien moeten verschillende scenes even gedetailleerd beschreven worden. Ten derde moet de audiobeschrijver proberen de omgeving duidelijker te beschrijven. Ten vierde moeten de verschillende personages en hun relaties met elkaar zo vroeg mogelijk duidelijk gemaakt worden. (234 woorden) Trefwoorden: audiodescriptie, zwarte komedie, avonturenfilm, genrekenmerken, Alejandro González Iñárritu English: This study is based on the hypothesis that every film genre is characterised by a set of specific genre characteristics, and that these genre characteristics should be conveyed
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