DOCSLIB.ORG

The National Grasslands: Past, Present and Future Land Management Issues Leslie Aileen Duram

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The National Grasslands: Past, Present and Future Land Management Issues Leslie Aileen Duram 36 RANGELANDS 17(2), April 1995 The National Grasslands: Past, Present and Future Land Management Issues Leslie Aileen Duram PartI: HistoricalDevelopment of the most management sensitive and one Federal Involvement the National Grasslands of the least productive soils in the world. With large numbers of farm failures on Climate in the Great Plains is character- homesteaded land, the Looking Back government ized by low annual and highly variable reacquired some land in the plains Publicland use decisions are of grow- precipitation, and large seasonal temper- region. Poor farmland was taken out of as has become ing importance, society ature variations. Overall, this is a region production by government increasinglyconcerned about these programs of extremesin terms of temperature vari- which were established to land lands. To understand the of purchase importance ations,precipitation, and soils. and relocate the farm families. the current it is beneficial to first issues, Because of these physicalcharacteris- the National Resources look back. While the of our Specifically, history tics, drought has been a recurrent phe- Board to land which National Parks and Forests are more began purchase nomenon on the plains. Documentation was in such poor condition that commonly known, the National "nothing of climatic data began only in the late is in storefor the inhabitants but extreme Grasslands are often overlooked. nineteenth century, but records show poverty and wretchedness" (National Understandingthe historical develop- periodic droughts with the Dust Bowl a Resources Board 1934). ment of the National Grasslands could severe example (Figure 1). As soil scien- The National Industrial Act help us developbetter currentland man- Recovery tist Hugh Bennett noted, the dust storms of 1933and the Emergency Relief Act of agementpolicies. "blotted out the sun over the nation's 1935 increased the government pur- Movement West capital, drove grit between the teeth of chases of these "submarginal" farm- Movement of Americans from the New Yorkers, and scattered dust on the lands. These purchases became known Eastern to the Western United States decks of ships 200 miles out to sea" as the Land Utilization (L-U) Projects. This gained intensity following the California (Bennett 1940). captured the atten- Between 1934 and 1938 many different Gold Rush of 1848. Settlement of the tion of the eastern publicand led to gov- agencies were responsible for adminis- vast interior, the Great Plains, was ernment intervention. tration of the L-U Lands: the Resettle- encouraged by the Homestead Act of 1862 and later legislation. This resulted in the transfer of public land to private ownership. Much of this land was mar- ginal and should not have been plowed. Even the largest homesteads were based upon land use practices in the humid Eastern United States, and did not adequately consider the aridity of the West. The physical environment west of the 100th Meridian is drastically different from the Eastern United States. Soils, climate, and vegetation vary from condi- tions in the East. Most Great Plains soils can be productive with appropriate agri- cultural techniques, good rainfall, and adequate soil-water storage. With less favorable conditions, these soil types are highly erodible and unproductive for farming. Along the Westernboundary of the Plains, the soils are Aridisols, among The author is with the of Department Geography, 1. The effects the Dustbowl Southern (Itinos University, Carbondate, tL 62901- Fig. of Droughts on the Great Plains. Eastern Colorado, 1935. 4514 Source: Colorado HistoricalSociety. RANGELANDS 17(2), April 1995 37 ment Administration, the Farm Security Administration,the Agricultural Adjust- ment Administration, the Land Policy Section of the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture, and the Bureau of Agricultural Economics. The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (1937) was the first legislation to official- ly recognize and describethe acquisition of L-U projects. Title Ill of the Act states: "The Secretary [of Agriculture is autho- rized and directed to developa program of land conservation and land utilization, in order thereby to correct maladjust- ments in land use, and thus assist in controlling soil erosion, reforestation, preservingnatural resources In effect the Act consolidated the pur- chased lands, so that by 1938 there were eleven million acres of L-U Project Lands under the administration of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)* in the Department of Agriculture. Although the most logical land managementagency would have been the Federal Grazing Fig. 2. Location ofU.S.F.S. National Grasslands. Service (which became the Bureau of Land Management), the LU Project tance in developing management plans. intermingled with other land already Lands were not transferred. The Grazing This was not called a "fee" as on other under their in California, Service was in the of management Department public lands. This is only in Texas, Utah and Montana. These areas while the L-U Lands had significant Interior, always the sense that more emphasis was became grazing districts or wildlife been administered the Department of by placed on local managementand less refuges. Some land was given to state or Agriculture (USDA). Departmental rivalry on the Federal role as landlord. local and thirteen tree covered made it that the USDA would agency's agencies unlikely The Grazing Association admitted areas were assigned National Forest relinquish management power over the members with three qualifications: first, status. Overall, the Forest Service kept L-U Lands (Wallach 1991). they must prove prior use to the lands; only approximately 4 million acres, which UnderSCS management, many areas second,they must prove "dependency" were designatedas National Grasslands were reseeded with crested wheatgrass of the public land in addition to their own in 1960 (Custer National Forest 1989) from Russia, which livestock can graze private lands; third, they must have (Figure 2). The National Grasslands are in the and fall. The SCS spring manage- lands as "commensura- distributed Great Plains and ment tore down fences and built stock enough private among bility" to supplement the public land Western States, with North and South to even out the distribu- watering ponds In areasestablished as L- Dakota the most acreage tion of animals and the grazing. many having (Figure grazing protect U Lands, conflict grew between the 3). areas. Most the riparian importantly, ranchers and the government. The SCS The Forest Service tightened rules and SCS extended grazing privilegesto pri- was not traditionally a land management central control,which led to more conflict vate land owners. agency, and rather than remain involved between the government and ranchers. Grazing Associations in the conflict, they stepped down. Basic management policies remained Private users were actively included in Management of the eleven million acres the same, however, and the Grazing the management of grazing practices on of L-U Land was transferred within the Associations continue to play an impor- the L-U lands. Local Grazing Department of Agriculture to the Forest tant role in the organizational structure of Associations were established. There Service in 1953(Dana 1956). grazing management. They continue to was a value" which ranchers pay the "grazing value" for rangeland, "grazing ForestService Management paid to the Association, and the which is figured differently than the graz- The Forest Service conducted a land fees in the Forests. Association then paid the SCS for assis- in ing use study of the lands the 1950s, On the Grasslands, the charge was which concluded in massive land trans- initially based on a scale, established by Editor's Note: The nameof the Soil Conservation fers. The BLM and the U.S. Fish and Service was recently changed to the National the Public Rangelands Improvement Act Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Wildlife Service received land that was of 1978 and then revised in accordance 38 RANGELANDS 17(2), April 1995 North Dakota National Resources Board. 1934. Report on National Planning and South Dakota Public Works in Relation to National Resources and Including Land Co'orado Use and Water Resources with Findings and Recommendations. Wyomrng Washington DC: Government PrintingOffice. New Mexico Wallach, B. 1991. At Odds With Progress: Americans and Texas — Conservation. Tucson: University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 1985. The Kaneae Wallach, B. Return of the Prairie. Landscape. 28(3):1-5. Oregon Nebraeka . Idaho I Oklahoma I Part II: A Case Study of Pawnee National Calitorna -- _________ Grassland 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Introduction to the Pawnee Acres (thoueands) There are 20 National Grasslands in the U.S., located pri- FIg. 3. National Grasslands bystate. marily in the Great Plains region. The National Grasslands are within the Forest Service, so each Grassland is administered with the Executive Order 12548 in 1986. Methods for figuring by the nearest National Forest (Argow 1962). The Pawnee the fee are based on Animal Unit Months: a base price, multi- National Grassland is located in northeastern Colorado, about plied by the Forage Value Index, and added to the Combined 75 miles from Denver and 25 miles east of Fort Collins Index(Cattle Price Indexminus the Price PaidIndex) (Coggins (Rhoads 1986) (Figure 4). and Wilkinson 1987). Indexes may vary between the Within a 30 mile by 60 mile rectangular area of Weld County Grasslands and the Forests, and thus the charge on the in northeastern Colorado, Federal, State, and private lands are Grasslands is sometimes higher than the fees for grazing in intermixed. Historical township-range land surveying and set- the National Forests. Currently 50% of this "value," must go to tlement patterns established the one mile by one mile square the Federal Treasury, but in the past as much as 90% of the sections which form an obvious grid even today. The Pawnee receipts were spent by the local Grazing Associations which National Grassland is a checkerboard of federal land that then forwarded 10% to the federal government(Fairfax and includes 193,060 acresspread out over two vast non-contigu- Yale 1987).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Monitoring Changes on the Sheyenne National Grassland Using Multitemproal Landsat Data
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2017 Monitoring Changes On The heS yenne National Grassland Using Multitemporal Landsat Data Stefano Potter Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Potter, Stefano, "Monitoring Changes On The heyS enne National Grassland Using Multitemporal Landsat Data" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2137. https://commons.und.edu/theses/2137 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MONITORING CHANGES ON THE SHEYENNE NATIONAL GRASSLAND USING MULTITEMPROAL LANDSAT DATA By Stefano Marano Potter Bachelor of Science, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota May 2017 PERMISSION Title Monitoring Changes on the Sheyenne National Grassland using Multitemporal Landsat Data Department Earth System Science and Policy Degree Master of Science In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised by thesis work or, in his absence, by the Chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report: Lesser Prairie-Chicken Survey − Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands, 2014
    Final Report: Lesser Prairie-Chicken Survey − Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands, 2014 Project Manager: Angela Dwyer, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory, 230 Cherry St., Fort Collins, CO 80521 ([email protected]) Project Director: David Hanni, Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory, 230 Cherry St., Fort Collins, CO 80521 ([email protected]) Introduction The Lesser Prairie-Chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) (LEPC) occupies grassland habitat consisting of sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia), sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) and mixed grass vegetation communities of the southern Great Plains. Since the 19th century, LEPC and the habitat upon which they depend has diminished across their historical range (Crawford and Bolen 1976, Taylor and Guthery 1980a), with recent estimates of current occupied range totaling approximately 17% of the estimated area of their historical range. Causes for this reduction in occupied range are primarily attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation (USFWS 2012). Habitat loss has been caused by conversion of native prairie to cropland (Bent 1932, Copelin 1963, Taylor and Guthery 1980) and long term fire suppression (Woodward et al. 2001) leading to tree invasion (Fuhlendorf et al. 2002). Grazing management practices would help improve habitat if managed to benefit LEPC. Heavily grazed fields that leave no residual vegetation for broods can be detrimental to LEPC (Sell 1979, Hunt and Best 2010). Habitat fragmentation has resulted from a combination of habitat loss and degradation caused by oil and gas development (Hunt 2004) and suspected effects of wind energy development (Pruett et al. 2009). The LEPC is not thought to occur in Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands (KRB) (Giesen 2003), however some parcels within the grasslands are managed for LEPC.
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Guide to the Pawnee Grasslands. IISTITOTIOS Colorado Outward Bound School, Denver
    bOCOHEIT BBSOHE ED 139 566 RC 009 900 A0THOR Kielsmeier, Jim; And Others TITLE Resource Guide to the Pawnee Grasslands. IISTITOTIOS Colorado Outward Bound School, Denver. POB -DATE Aug 75 OTB 35p. miLABLB FROM Colorado Outward Bound School, 945 Pennsylvania ,Street, Denver, Colorado 80203 ($2.00) BffRS MICE HP-S0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS American Indians; Anthropology; Archaeology; Climactic Factors; *Environmental Education; Environmental Influences; Field Trips; Geology; History; Information Sources; *Integrated Activities; *Interdisciplinary Approach; Land Settlement; Literature; Migration Patterns; Nutrition; *0utdoor Education; *Resource Guides; Resource Materials; Unit Plan IDENTIFIERS ^Colorado; Logistics; 'Pawnee Grasslands ABSTRACT Colorado's Pawnee Grasslands are well suited for a wide range of academic study, from astronomy to zoology. Designed for. educators and youth leaders seeking to integrate an alternative experience into their curriculum or recreation program, this guile is intended to give leaders of excutsions to the Grasslands a sense of what's out there and some ideas on how to creatively use the environment. The guide presents information on the: Grasslands as a learning environment; archaeological sequence in the Central Great Plains; recent American Indian history; the Buffalo Range from 1850 to 1880; migration and settlement patterns in Northeastern Colorado; settlement dates of selected towns in Northeastern Colorado; white man and the Grasslands; geology of the Pawnee Grasslands--soil, climate, precipitation and temperature, important grasses, and birds and mammals; development of a unit an interdisciplinary approach to the Grasslands, activity sites, equipment, safety, food and water suggestions, nutritional components in the edible portion of one pound of food, sample ideas for experience-oriented interdisciplinary Grasslands units; and Grasslands information sources covering anthropology, environment, Indian history, literature, outdoor skills/logistics of field trips, and pioneer history.
    [Show full text]
  • Oglala Grasslands Oglala Grasslands
    Oglala Grasslands landscape occupies the plains and rolling hills in the northwestern Panhandle north of the Pine Ridge. Mixed-grass prairie covers most of the plains and hills. Rock outcrops and badlands are dispersed among the prairie, as are small stream valleys. The soils are predominantly clays derived from Pierre Shale and, the prairie is dominated by blue grama, green needle grass, and western wheatgrass. This landscape is one of the larger, intact grasslands remaining in Nebraska and contains extensive badlands. Several plant communities including the western floodplain terrace grassland, silver sagebrush shrub prairie, greasewood shrub prairie, and northwestern mixed-grass prairie occur nowhere else in the state. Scattered playas occur in the landscape. These grasslands support extensive prairie dog towns, swift fox populations, and extensive habitat for grassland birds. Prairie dog towns within the BUL may be suitable for colonization of black-footed ferrets migrating from established colonies in southwestern South Dakota. The Oglala National Grassland occupies a large portion of this landscape. Stresses Affecting Species and Habitats Specific livestock grazing and haying practices that may reduce native plant diversity and promote uniform habitat structure Invasive plant species, primarily cheatgrass Potential disease in prairie dog populations Conservation Strategies Work with private landowners and the U.S. Forest Service to implement ecologically-sensitive grazing strategies that reduce cheatgrass and promote native
    [Show full text]
  • 3411-15-P Department of Agriculture
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 12/02/2020 and available online at 3411-15-P federalregister.gov/d/2020-26563, and on govinfo.gov DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland; Wyoming; 2020 Thunder Basin National Grassland Plan Amendment AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of Grassland Plan amendment approval. SUMMARY: Russell M. Bacon, Forest Supervisor for the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland, Rocky Mountain Region, signed the final Record of Decision (ROD) for the 2020 Thunder Basin National Grassland Land and Resource Management Plan Amendment (Grassland Plan amendment). The Final ROD documents the rationale for approving the Grassland Plan amendment and is consistent with the Reviewing Officer’s response to objections and instructions. DATES: The effective date of the Grassland Plan amendment is 30 days after publication of notice of Grassland Plan amendment approval in the newspaper of record, the Laramie Boomerang. ADDRESSES: To view the final ROD, final environmental impact statement (FEIS), FEIS errata, objection responses, and other related documents, visit the 2020 Thunder Basin National Grassland Plan Amendment web site at https://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=55479. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Monique Nelson, plan amendment team leader, by email at [email protected] or by telephone at 307-275-0956. Individuals who use telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDD) may call the Federal Information Relay Service (FIRS) at 1–800–877–8339 between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., Eastern Time, Monday through Friday.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sea of Grass Auto Tour – Cimarron National Grassland
    The Sea of Grass Auto Tour – Cimarron National Grassland Points of Interest A. Prairie Dog Town POINTS OF INTEREST F - Point of Rock B. Eightmile Corner Ponds: These nar- C. Tunnerville Work Center A - Prairie Dog Town: Close-cropped vegetation in row ponds provide D. Santa Fe TrailThe Ruts Sea this area marks the site of a prairie dog town. The small water for wildlife E. Boehm Gas Storage Field F. Point of Rock Ponds rodents feed on the plants surrounding their burrows, and where bass, thereby removing cover for would-be predators. Bur- of Grass channel catfish Points of Interest rowing owls commonly inhabit abandoned prairie dog and bluegill may be 1. Artesian (Miracle) Well burrows. (We do not recommend walking in or through found for angling 2. Livestock Grazing the prairie dog towns.) enjoyment. Fish- 3. Cimarron Recreation Area ing ponds on the 4. Wildlife Habitat B - Eightmile Corner: The 1903 windmill stands near Grassland receive 5. Cimarron RiverAuto Tour the spot where Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado meet. more fishing pres- 6. Pioneer Memorial Since the early 1800s, the actual location of the junction sure per acre than 7. Santa Fe Trail was hotly disputed - surveys had contained errors and any other fishing 8. Oil & Gas Development markers had been lost in drifting sand. A marker from waters in Kansas. 9. Middle Spring the 1903 Carpenter survey is located 3/4 mile north, 10. Point of Rocks but acceptance of this survey was vetoed by President 11. Scenic Overlook Roosevelt in 1908. With the advent of satellite technol- ogy, the true geographic corner was marked here in 1990 by the Bureau of Land Management.
    [Show full text]
  • Nebraska National Forests and Grasslands
    USDA Forest Service | Region 2 Nebraska national Forests and Grasslands http://www.fs.usda.gov/nebraska OUTREACH NOTICE CIVIL ENGINEER GS-0810-07/09/11 The USDA Forest Service, Nebraska National Forests and Grasslands, is seeking a candidate for Civil Engineer, GS-0810-07/09/11. This is a full time permanent position, located in Chadron, Nebraska. The purpose of this Outreach Notice is to inform prospective applicants of this upcoming opportunity. Please apply to this position using the USAJOBS link below by July 12, 2019. (Select Chadron, NE). https://fsoutreach.gdcii.com?id=0F552B1C47B045D4884812E2D86079F7 Description of duties associated with this position: The primary duties of this position are to provide professional engineering input into the interdisciplinary planning process for natural resource development activities involving engineering projects. Examples include: Develops and modifies civil engineering plans and specifications for new construction or to improve utility, quality, appropriateness, and appearance of construction. Prepares or reviews Environmental Analysis, Environmental Impact Statements, and special reports with regard to new or improved engineering construction. Coordinates with other resource area specialists to complete environmental documents and clearances. Reviews on-the-ground feasibility layout of transportation planning and reviews and certifies adequacy of all road locations made. Is responsible for contract compliance on assigned projects. Manages real property assets and inventories. Serves as Engineering Representative (ER) or Contracting Officer's Representative (COR) providing technical advice, recommendations and suitable alternatives to the Contracting Officer and Forest Officials. Qualification Requirements: Those who are interested must meet the qualification requirements for the GS-0810 series that is covered by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands Travel Management Environmental Assessment
    Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands Travel Management Environmental Assessment Recreation Specialist Report (Unit K-109 accessed by National Forest System Road K107, Harding County, New Mexico) Prepared by: John G. Baumchen Recreation Specialist for: Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands Cibola National Forest February 6th, 2012 Background The Kiowa and Rita Blanca Ranger District is comprised of two National Grasslands: The Kiowa National Grasslands (NG), which covers 137,157 acres and is located within Mora, Harding, Union, and Colfax Counties, New Mexico, while the Rita Blanca NG, which covers 92,989 acres located in Dallam County, Texas and in Cimarron County, Oklahoma The district office is located in Clayton, New Mexico. It is just west of the eastern portion of the Kiowa, while the villages of Roy and Mosquero, New Mexico are south of the western part of the Kiowa. The small unincorporated community of Felt, Oklahoma is within the Rita Blanca NG. Texline, Texas is along the southwest boundary of the Rita Blanca. Dalhart, Texas is south of the Rita Blanca while Stratford, Texas is just east of the Rita Blanca. The district is located in the southern portion of the North American Great Plains region in the short grass prairie. It is located in a sparsely-populated rural area, that is away from population centers, is isolated, and only has a few developed recreational facilities. The district receives a low to moderate amount of motor vehicle use related to recreational activities. There are several larger communities in the three-state region near the district office, including: Raton, New Mexico, approximately 83 miles to the northwest, Guymon, Oklahoma, approximately 105 miles to the east, Tucumcari, New Mexico, about 112 miles to the southwest, Amarillo, Texas, about 131 miles southeast, and Las Vegas, New Mexico, about 150 miles to the southwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands
    United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO.
    [Show full text]
  • Pawnee National Grassland MVUM
    e r u t l u c i r g A f o t n e m t r a p e D s e t a t S d e t i n U PURPOSE AND CONTENTS e c i v r e S t s e r o F 104°45'0"W 104°37'30"W 104°30'0"W 104°22'30"W 104°15'0"W 1 1 0 2 5 1 y a M o d a r o l o C OF THIS MAP N " s r o o d t u O t a e r G s ' a c i r e m A The designations shown on motor vehicle use map 0 ' 0 (MVUM) were made by the responsible official pursuant to 36 ° Legend Laramie County 1 CFR 212.51; are effective as of the date of this MVUM; and Roads Open to Highway Legal Vehicles 4 will remain in effect until superceded by the next year's Seasonal Designation (See Table) Y MVUM. W Highways, US, State, County Weld County , Other Public Roads s ! ! ! ! n ! ! ! ! Dispersed Camping, Both Sides r ! ! ! ! u Dispersed Camping, Left Side B Hereford ! ! ! ! ! Dispersed Camping, Right Side 136 136 (See table for Dispersed Camping Information) $+ $+ Areas Open to Cross-Country Travel Y W 0 , 0 0 e 0 0 n FS Campgrounds 0 9" . n 0 +$89 e 0 y It is the responsibility of the user to aquire the current Motorized Trailhead 0 e E 4 MVUM.This MVUM shows the National Forest System 3 h 390 5 C $+ roads, National Forest System trails, and the areas on Forest Boundary 4 National Forest System lands in the Pawnee National Grassland that are designated for motor vehicle use National Forest System Lands pursuant to 36 CFR 212.51.
    [Show full text]
  • Pawnee National Grassland MVUM
    Pawnee National 104°7'30"W 104°0'0"W 103°52'30"W 103°45'0"W 103°37'30"W Grassland Nebraska Motor Vehicle Use Kimball County Wyoming Laramie County 4540000 41°0'0"N Map ! ! ! ! 710! Forest Service ! 138 ! ! +$ ! ! Colorado ! ! ! ! 138 ! Colorado May 15, 2011 Kimball,NE ! +$ ! Bushnell, NE ! ! ! ! ! PineBluffs, WY ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 710 ! 115 ! ! ! ! Weld County ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! $+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 321! ! ! Legend ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 136 ! 690 125 ! ! ! ! ! 121 ! ! ! $+ ! +$ ! ! 117 ! Roads Open to Highway Legal Vehicles 709! ! $+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 134 ! ! ! ! $ ! Seasonal Designation (See Table) + ! Highways, US, State 89 ! $+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 132 ! ! ! 105 ! Other Public Roads ! ! ! ! +$ ! $ ! ! !!!!! + ! ! ! ! ! ! 132 ! ! !!!!! Dispersed Camping, Both Sides $+ ! !!!!! 132 ! 135 Dispersed Camping, Left Side +$ $ 119 ! + !!!!! Dispersed Camping, Right Side $+ 111 ! (See table for Dispersed Camping information) 130 ! $+ ! ! ! $+ ! ! ! ! ! ! !694 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 130 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! $+ ! ! 696! ! ! ! 71 ! ! 129 Forest or Unit Boundary ! P! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! $ ! ! ! + ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 131 ! ! ! 128 ! +$ ! ! ! ! $ ! + ! 4530000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! National Forest System Lands 712! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 126 ! ! 125 $ ! ! ! + ! Non-National Forest System Lands ! +$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! within the National Forest ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! !! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! 64 ! 124 ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! $+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 124 ! ! +$ ! ! ! ! !! ! 124! Political
    [Show full text]
  • Nebraska National Forest Oglala National Grassland Pine Ridge Ranger District Map
    Nebraska National Forest United States Department of Agriculture Oglala National Grassland Forest Service Pine Ridge Ranger District Travel Analysis Report 2008 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 Process ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Products......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]