1
State of Palestine
The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza
International Conference in Support of the Reconstruction of Gaza
Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt
October 2014 3 1 , central Gaza. , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. , Khuza’a, Khan Younis. , Rafah. , Gaza. Ahmad Qdeih, Khan Younis Qdeih, Khan Younis Rami Badr Hatem Qdeih, 13 , Khuza’a, Khan Younis. Anas Hatem Suleiman Qdeih, 7 42 , Khuza’a, Khan Younis. Hanafi Mahmoud Abu Yousef, 21 , Sheja’eyya. Abdel Aziz Nour El Din Noor, Amir Adel Khamis Siam 12 , Rafah. Siam, 24 , Rafah. Issam Faisal 49 , Rafah. Mahmoud Silmy Salim Abu Rowaished, Ahmed Abu Jm›ean Hji›er 19 , Al-Bureij. Mohamed El Azab, 26 , Deir al-Balah. Amer Abdul-Raouf 17 , Sheja’eyya. Thaer Ahed Owda Shamaly, Mansoub Al-Qadi, 19 . (had been in Mohammed Yousef Egyptian hospital) 27 (had been in Egyptian hospital) Ahmed Abu Moor, Yasmin Mohammad Suleiman Nimr ‘Oqal, 34 25 , Khan Younis. Abu Jazr, Mohammed Rateb 23 , Khan Younis. Abu Jazr, Hisham Mohammad Farhan 48 , Khan Younis. Abu Jazr, Mohammed Farhan Shadi Suleiman Kawar›e, 31 , Khan Younis. Abu Owda 17 , UN School, Beit Hanoun. Ra›ed 13 , Khan Younis Ashraf Ibrahim Hasan Najjar, 12 , Khan Younis Abdin, Mahmoud Jihad Awad Khan Younis Najjar, Ahmad Talal 25 , Khan Younis Mohammad Samir Abdul-Al an-Najjar, Khan Younis. Mahmoud Abdo an-Najjar, Sana’ Hasan Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis Nabil Mahmoud Mohammad al-Astal, 12 , Khan Younis Ashraf Mahmoud Mohammad al-Astal, Khan Younis Mahmoud Suleiman al-Astal, 17 , Khan Younis Laila Ibrahim Zo’rob, 40 , Rafah 24 , Beit Lahia Mahmoud As’ad Ghaban, 27 , Zeitoun - Gaza Ibrahim Jihad Abu Laban, 12 , Khan Younis Abdin, Mahmoud Jihad Awad 36 months, Gaza Ibrahim Sheikh Omar, 70 , Shejaeyya, Gaza. Hasan Abu Hayyin, 26 , Sheja’eyya, Gaza. Abu Hayyin, Abdul-Rahman 34 , Beit Lahia. Osama Bahjat Rajab, Mohammad Daoud Hammouda, 33 , Beit Lahia. 18 , Khan Younis. Hamza Ziyada Abu ‘Anza, was seriously Saddam Ibrahim Abu Assi, 23 , Khan Younis, died Wednesday. injured Tuesday, 17 , Khan Younis Najjar, ‘Ala Wisam Mohammad Mansour al-Bashiti, 8 Ali Mansour Hamdi al-Bashiti, 1 Mohammad Riyadh Sha’aban Shabt, 23 . Mohammad Naim Salah Abu T’aima, 12 , Khan Younis. Salem Abdullah Mousa Abu T’aima, 36 , Khan Younis. Ismail Abu Tharifa, Khan Younis. child, Khan Younis. Zeinab Abu Teir, 22 , Khan Younis. Abu Redya, Mohammad Radi (Mohammad’s wife) Khan Younis Shama Shahin, Mojahed Marwan Skafi, 20 , Sheja’eyya, Gaza. Adnan Ghazi Habib, 23 , central Gaza. 24 , Khan Younis Ibrahim Ahmad Shbeir, 24 , northern Gaza. Mustafa Mohammad Mahmoud Fayyad, Nidal Hamdi Diab al-‘Ejla, 31 , Gaza. Khalil Abu Jame’, Khan Younis. Husam al-Qarra, Khan Younis Qassem, 12 , Northern Gaza Rabea’ Hasan Salah Abu Jamous, 29 , Khan Younis 22 , Khan Younis Khaled al-‘Abadla, Mahmoud Yousef 22 , Khan Younis al-‘Abadla, Nour Abdul-Rahim al-Astal, Khan Younis. Mohammad Farid ad-Dadda, 39 , Gaza. Mohammad Abdul-Ra’ouf Ahmad Mohammad Darwish Bolbol, 20 , Gaza. Ahmad Nabil Abu Morad, 21 , Gaza. Ibrahim Omar al-Hallaq, 40 , Khan Younis 23 , Khan Younis Maher Awwad, Wael Ahmad Mahmoud Sohweil, 23 , Khan Younis Issam Ismael Abu Shaqra, 42 , Khan Younis Ibrahim Abu Shaqra, 17 , Khan Younis Abdul-Rahman Mohammad Ahmad Akram Abu Shaqra, 17 , Khan Younis Ahmad as-Saqqa, 17 , Khan Younis 19 , Zeitoun – Gaza Nayef ath-Thatha, Nayef Fayez 24 , Zeitoun – Gaza Nayef Maher ath-Thatha, 24 , Gaza. Nayef Maher ath-Thatha, Jihad Hussein Mahmoud Hamad, 20 Hamad Ali Khattab, 26 , Deir al-Balah<--corrected --> ‘Ala Abdul-Qader Jamil al-Khalidi, 23 , al-Boreij Ahmad, 16 , Beit Lahia Adham Yousef Ayman 25 , Beit Lahia Bilal Ali Ahmad Abu ‘Athra, Abdul-Karim Nassar Saleh Abu Jarmi, 24 , Beit Lahia 9 Saoud Suweidan, Ayman Rawan Naim Juma’a Mohammad Abu Nizeid Nassr al-Maqat’a, 27 , central Gaza. Jani Rami 22 , central Gaza. at-Tawil, Said Ahmad Tawfiq Ola Khalil Ali Abu Obada, 24 , central Gaza. Abu Ouda, 17 , northern Gaza. Do’a Ra’ed Abu Ozeb, 26 , central Gaza. Amer Abdul Raouf Abu Ouda, northern Gaza. Awad Bilal ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. Fatima ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. Falasteen ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. Abed Rabo Ali Sha’boub ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. Souha Musleh, northern Gaza. Mohammad al-Kafarna, Beit Hanoun. 26 , Khan Younis. Naji Jamal al-Fajm, Deir al-Balah. Ebtehal Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Deir al-Balah. Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Yousef Deir al-Balah. Eman Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Salwa Abu Mneifi, Khan Younis. 27 , Deir al-Balah. Abdullah Ismael al-Baheessy, Mos’ab Saleh Salama, 19 , Khan Younis. 38 , Nusseirat. Ibrahim Nasr Haroun, Mahmoud Suleiman Abu Sabha, 55 , Khan Younis. 60 , Gaza City. Hasan Khader Baker, Jamal Harb, 32 , Rafah. Wa’el 21 , Khan Younis. Suleiman Abu Daher, Haitham Samir al-Agha, 26 , Khan Younis. Hasan Azzam, 70 , Gaza. Fatima Mariam Hasan Azzam, 50 , Gaza. 2 Ahmad Abu Mour, Yasmeen Samer Zuheri Sawafiri, 29 , Rafah. 36 , Khan Younis Mohammad Mousa Fayyad, al-Kharwat,Mona Rami 4 Soha Na’im al-Kharwat, 25 , Gaza. 17 , Gaza. Ahmad Salah , Jabalia. , Jabalia .Rafah. , Jabalia. , Rafah. Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. , Jabalia. , Gaza Hossam Mohammad Suleiman Abu Ghneifi, 18 . Suleiman Abu Kamil, 25 . Ghassan Taher Ismail Abdul-Jawad Ismail Abu Sa›ada, 26 . Mahmoud Riyadh Abdul-Khader Miq›dad, 22 . 31 . Suleiman Abu Joerban, Mazin Yusef al-Jamal, Ahmad Shaker 46 . Shaker 31 . al-At-Toame, Fa›eq Faisal al-Moebid, 34 . Abdul-Rahman Hazem Yusef Abdullah Nabil Abdul-Khader al-Batsh, 21 . Sharif Jalal Hasan al-Karshali, 27 . Mohammad Arafat Saleh Khalil al-Ghamare, 33 . 27 . Shoeban Abed Ommar, Abdul-Raziq 22 . Amjad Nahedh Ala› al-Sarefy, 18 . Daher, Adham Majed Yousef Hamza Hassan Mahmoud Halas, 25 . Ahmad Mousa Ahl, 75 . Mohammad Hussein Hasan al-Nasri. 22 . Mahmoud Husam Mohammad Mansour, Ali, 20 . Mosab Mustafa Rajeb Mo›amin Mustafa Mahmoud al-Kasha. Eyas Ahmad Mohammad Abu Ouda, 28 . Nidal Khaled Mohammad Khalil, 20 . Qassim, 30 . Nader Majdi Abdul-Rahman Eman Ibrahim Suleiman al-Ghandour. 32 . Salmad Hamad al-Amour, Oweida, 27 . Rifat Nabil Ramadan 25 . Ashraf Qassim Mansour Wafi, Oweida, 36 . Baha Rafiq Ahmad Barham Oleiman Abu Daqqa Mohammad Aish an-Najjar Taysir 26 , Deir al-Balah Fayyad, Maram Rajeh Shaima’ Hussein Abdul-Qadder Qannan (pregnant), 23 , Gaza. 9 Abdul-Hadi Salah Abu Hasanen, 12 . Rafah. Hadi Salah ed-Deen Abu Hassanen, 45 , Rafah. Salah Ahmad Hassanen, 15 , Rafah. Abdul-Aziz Salah Ahmad Hassanen, 9 Abdul-Hadi Salam Ahmad Abu Hassanein, Mohammad Ibrahim al-Khatib, 27 , Khan Younis. 25 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Samir Najjar, Salama, 24 , Khan Younis. Rasmiyya 21 , Khan Younis. Suleiman ash-Shawwaf, 28 , northern Gaza. ‘Affana, Abed-Rabbo Rasha 58 , Khan Younis. Ali Mohammad Asfour, 23 , Deir al-Balah. Eid Mohammad Abu Qteifan, Eyad Nassr Sharab, 24 , Khan Younis. 42 , Khan Younis Najat Ibrahim Hamdan an-Najjar, 25 , Khan Younis Sharif Mohammad Salim Abu Hasan, Mohammad Khalil Hamad, 18 , Khan Younis. 25 , Khan Younis. Mandouh Ibrahim ash-Shawaf, 5 Sa’id al-Harazin, Walid Ismail Ahmad Zahd, 22 , Meghraqa, Central District Tareq Salama Abu Kamil, 26 . Meghraqa, Central District 25 , Gaza Ahmad Mahdi Abu Zour, Naji Bassem Abu Ammouna, 25 , Gaza Imad Adnan Mohammad Abu Kamil, 20 , Al-Meghraqa Bassam Mohammad Abu Kamil, 19 , Al-Meghraqa. Tamer Siyam, 29 , Zeitoun - Gaza Mohammad Yassin Gaza 24 , Zeitoun, Mohammad Yassin, Rami 27 , Khan Younis. Osama Salim Shaheen, 25 . Hamada Suleiman Abu Younis, Mohammad Kamel an-Naqa, 34 , Khan Younis. Kamaal Kamel an-Naqa, 35 , Khan Younis. 26 , Gaza City. Kamal Mohammed al-Wasify, Yousef 23 , Rafah. Mazin Abdeen, 35 , Rafah. Adnan Shahid Ashteiwi Abdeen, Mohammad Abdel Nasser Abu Zina, 24 , al-Zaitoun. Abdul Majeed al-Eidi, 35 , al-Zaitoun. 19 , Gaza City. Mohammad Ahmed Abu Wadiya, 24 , Gaza City. Hani ‹Adel Abu Hassanein, Mustafa al-Astal, 38 , Khan Younis. Yassin Salem Hasan al-Breem, 65 , Khan Younis. Yosra Mohammad Issa Khaled Hajji, 24 , Gaza City. Hasan Hussein al-Howwari, 39 , Gaza City. Gaza City. Hosam Rabhi, a medic, Beit Hanoun. Hamed al-Bora›ey, Mohammad Matar al-›Abadla, 32 , medic, Khuza›a, Khan Younis. Beit Lahia. Husam Mohammad Najjar, Sha’ban Abdul-Aziz al-Jamal, Beit Lahia. Dardouna, Beit Lahia. Mohammad Wisam Beit Lahia. Ala’ Joudy Khader, Ahmad Rif’at 23 , Khan Younis. Ar-Roqab, Salman al-Breem, 27 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Hasan Abdul-Qader al-Astal, 43 , Khan Younis. Ismael Mohammad al-Astal, 48 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Mohammad Ismael al-Astal, 20 , Khan Younis. Mahmoud Mohammad Ismael al-Astal, 19 . Mohammad Saleh al-Astal, 18 . Malak Amin Ahmad al-Astal, 24 , Khan Younis. Tha’er Omran Khamis al-Astal, 30 . Milad Omran al-Astal, 29 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Omran Khamis al-Astal, 33 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Thaer Omran al-Astal, 33 , Khan Younis. Amin Thaer Omran al-Astal, 3 Nada Thaer Omran al-Astal, 5 Sa’dy Mustafa al-Batsh, 23 , Gaza. Yazid Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Aita, 67 , Jabalia. Ahmad Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Aita, 30 , Jabalia. Jamila Salim Abu Aita, 55 , Jabalia. Adham Ahmad Abu Aita, 4 Mohammad Ibrahim Abu Aita, 32 , Jabalia. 21 , Central District. Khalil Nasser Aita Wishah, Ahmad Ibrahim Sa’ad al-Qar’an, 26 , Central District. Abdul Nabi, 3 Hadi Abdul-Hamid Abdul-Fatah Abdul-Hadi Abdul-Hamid Abdul Nabi, 2 Abdul Nabi, 1 Mahmoud Abdul-Fatah Abdul-Rahman Ibrahim Abu ‹Arbaid, Beit Hanoun Yahia Khuza›a, Khan Younis. Mohammad Suleiman an-Najjar, 20 , Jabalia Bilal Zayad ‹Alwan, Majed Mahmoud Mohammad Hamid, 28 , Jabalia. Mohammed Ibrahim Abu Daqqa, 42 , Khuza›a, Khan Younis Akram Ibrahim Abu Daqqa, 50 , Khuza›a, Khan Younis. northern Gaza. toddler, Salameh al-Rade›a, Ismail Hassan Abu Rjeila, 75 , Khan Younis. Nafeth Suleiman Qdeih, 45 , Khan Younis. Nabil Shehda Qdeih, 45 , Khan Younis. 13 , Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Baker Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Shadi Yusef Khan Younis. Mohammad Ahmad Najjar, Khan Younis. Anwar Ahmad Najjar, Anwar Ahmad Abu , Sheja›eyya (body . , Sheja›eyya (body pulled months, Sheja›eyya (body Raja’ Hamad Mohammad ad-Daghme, 36 . Raja’ Sami Abdullah Ahmad Judeh, 18 . 42 . Husam Abdul-Atif Raady, 30 . Mohammad Ibrahim Sobhi al-Arheir, Mohammad Ali al-Qayedh, 15 . Wala’ 29 . Isam Mohammad Saleh Shamaly, Mohammad Abdul-Nassar Ali Abu Zeina, 20 . 20 . Mosab Salah al-Aab Abu al-A’ata, Ibrahim Aish Abed Abu Ghneimah, 27 . Ismail Aish Abed Abu Ghneimah, 24 . Mohammad Ahmad Khaled Hassouneh, Rafah. 25 , Khan Younis. Mazin Adnan Salman Abdin, 42 , Khan Younis. Salah Eshtewy Ibrahim Adbin, Mohammed Salameh Abu Khousa, 75 , northern Gaza (body pulled from rubble). Salman Mohammed Ahmed Sama›na, 30 , northern Gaza (body pulled from rubble). Do›a› Sani Ibrahim Sama›na, 11 , northern Gaza (body pulled from rubble). Mohammed Sa›id Sha›ban Baba, 40 , northern Gaza (body pulled from rubble). al-Shanbari, 23 , Beit Hanoun (body Ikram Ahmed Tawfiq pulled from rubble). 50 , Gaza City (body pulled Ahmed al-›Ar›ir, Sami Fathi from rubble). 30 , Gaza City (body pulled Sa›id al-›Ar›ir, Mohammed Rafiq from rubble). 39 , Gaza City (body pulled Ahmad al-›Ar›ir, Hassan Fathi from rubble). 34 , Gaza City (body Ahmed al-›Ar›ir, ‹Abdul Karim Fathi pulled from rubble). 20 , Gaza City (body pulled al-›Ar›ir, Sami Fathi Fathi from rubble). 48 , Gaza City (body Mohammed Badwan, Khaled Yousef pulled from rubble). 16 , Gaza City (body pulled Badwan, Azmi Khaled Yousef from rubble). 28 , Sheja›eyya (body Ziad Hassan Abu Hain, ‹Abdul Rahman pulled from rubble). Mohammed ‹Essam Dib Abu Balta, 28 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mahmoud al-›Eish, 23 , Sheja›eyya (bodyMahmoud Ra›ed pulled from rubble). ‹Abdul Qader Malek Habib, 31 , Sheja›eyya (body Fadi pulled from rubble). Abdul-Khader Abdul-Malik Habib, 38 , Sheja›eyya (body Farid pulled from rubble). 18 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled Dhaher, Adham Majed Yousef from rubble). Hajjaj, 32 , Sheja›eyya (bodyMohammad Mahmoud Rajab pulled from rubble). Mohammad Ahmed Kamel Abu al-›Ata, 32 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mohammad Mahmoud Sa›id Abu al-›Ata, 28 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mohammed Riad Sha›ban Shabet, 25 , at-Tuffah. Rafah. Hisham Abdul-Karim Ahmad Abu Mour, Mohammad Ibrahim Ahmad az-Zweidi, 30 , Beit Lahia. 19 , Beit Lahia. Ala› Maher Juma› Tamtish, Abdul-Jawad Ali Abul-Jawad Al-Houm. 22 . Ehab Sa›dy Mohammad Nassr, Mohammad Abdullah Hussein al-Jawajri. SofyanWisam Omar al-Kilani, 27 . A›ed Mahmoud Ahmad al-Bura›i, 29 , medic, Beit Hanoun. 33 , northern Gaza. Abdul-Karim Nassar, Munther Talal 24 . Abdul-Karim Nassar, Talal Tamer 25 , northern Gaza. Mohammad Nassar, Ala› Abdul-Rahman 18 , northern Gaza. Nassar, Ismail Abdul-Rahman Taher 26 , Gaza City. Mohammad al-Hamdin, Sharif Rafiq 21 , Gaza City. Ala› Khaled Najib al-Yaziji, Jihad Mahmoud Hamed al-Hilu, 59 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Siham ‹Ata al-Hilu, 57 , Sheja›eyya(body pulled from rubble). Mohammad Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 29 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 20 , Sheja›eyya(body Tahreer pulled from rubble). Najiya Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 15 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Ahmad Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 27 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). al-Hilu, 25 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Hidaya Talal Maram Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 2 from rubble). Abdul-Kareem Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 1 pulled from rubble). Karam Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 5 pulled from rubble). Anwar Salem Burai›em 39 , central Gaza (died ofAyman earlier wounds) Suleiman Zaki ‹Abdul Mawla al-Dardissi, 27 , Khan Younis. (body pulled from rubble). Ahmad Shawqi Mohammad Sa›ada, 37 , Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble). 25 , Khan Younis. Mohammed Ibrahim Hamdan Abu T›aima, (body pulled from rubble). 33 , Khan Younis.(body Khalil Hamdan Abu T›aima, Ra›ed pulled from rubble). Mamdouh Mallahi Suleiman Abu Naja, 24 , Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble). Akram Ismail al-Ghalban, 22 , Khan Younis.(body Ayman pulled from rubble). pulled 22 , Khan Younis.(body Jihad Naji Abu ‹Aamer, from rubble). 40 , Khan Younis.(body Mosallam Fayad, Rashed Rabah pulled from rubble). pulled Mahmoud Sa›d al-Masri, 22 , Khan Younis.(body Fadi from rubble). pulled al-Sadi, 24 , Khan Younis.(body Eyad Yousef from rubble). pulled Salem Mustafa al-Hadhidi, 18 , Khan Younis.(body from rubble). Nasser ‹Abdu Shurrab, 22 , Khan Younis.(body Wassim pulled from rubble). pulled ‹Ali Mohammed al-Astal, 32 , Khan Younis.(body from rubble). Ahmad Abu Amsha, 67 . Fawzi Na›ma Mohammad Hussein Abu Amsha, 64 . Salah Abu Riziq Al-Masri. Wassim 19 . Saed Munir Shida Abu Khater, Hamdouna, 22 . Amar Mustafa Rashid Mohammad Moehsin al-Ajrami, 25 . Tariq Hamza Mazin Khalil Madhi, 23 . Abdullah Khalla, 21 . Ismail Younis Ahmad Saadat, 24 . Yusef Abdul-Rahman 30 . Khaled Abdul , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. . , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. , Rafah. , Khan Younis. . , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis. , Khan Younis , Jabalia. . , Khan Younis. Mohammad Abu Louz, 22 , Jabalia. Ahmad Abdullah Hasan Abu Zeid, Rafah. Ahmad Salama Abu Zeid, Rafah. Widad Abu Zeid, Rafah. Sham›a Wael Mariam Marzouq Abu Zeid, Rafah. Mohammad Abu Zeid, Rafah. Falasteen Abdullah Nidal Abu Zeid (child), Rafah. Bissan Eyad Abu Zeid, Rafah. Abdul-Hadi Abu Zeid (Child 9 42 , Khan Younis. Seham Najjar, 16 , Central District. Abdul-Samad Mahmoud Ahmad Ramadan, 25 , Central District. Adnan Mousa Shaker, Ayman Mousa, 61 , Central District. Issa Kamel Abdul-Rahman 59 , Central District. Salem Mousa Badawi al-Far, Central District. Hussein Ahmad al-Far, Ramzi Central District. Salem Mohammad al-Far, 59 , Central District. Al-Faleet, Azza Abdul-Karim Abdul-Rahman Mohammad Jom’a Shaat, 30 , Khan Younis. 30 , Khan Younis. al-‘Agha, Mohammad Fadel Marwa Nader al-Agha, Khan Younis. Ahmad Nader Al-Agha, Khan Younis. Donia Nader al-Agha, 13 , Khan Younis. died of earlier injuries. Ikram ash-Shinbari, 23 , Gaza City, died of Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 16 , Gaza City, Yusef earlier injuries. Ibrahim Khalil ad-Derawi, 27 , central District. 26 , central District. Ala Nahedh Matar, Abu Shammala, 33 , central District Hazem Fayez Issam Abdul-Karim Abu Sa’ada, Khan Younis. Ahmad Abu Sweirej, 23 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. 29 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Mohammad Abu Haroun, Baraka, Gaza, child, died of earlier injuries. Fadi Baha’ ed-Deen Ahmad Sa’id, al-Maghazi, died of earlier injuries. Abed Shehada al-Masri, 24 , Shuja›eyya, Gaza. Yousef Khaled Abdul-Sattar Samhoud, Khan Younis. Gaza City. Ayyad, Jalila Faraj Essam Ibrahim Abu Shab 42 . Mohammad Siyam, 15 , Rafah. Hussein Hasan Abu an-Naja, 65 , Khan Younis. Imad Jami al-Abed al-Bardaweel, 44 , Gaza. 17 , Gaza. Husam Abdul-Ghani Yassin, 54 , Gaza. Ismael Abdul-Qader al-Kojok, Mohammad Said Hosni as-Saqqa, 20 , Gaza. Islam Ibrahim an-Naji, 19 . Gaza. Mohammad Ahmad Matar al-Abadla, 32 , Gaza. Salem Hasan al-Breem, 56 , Gaza. Yosra Mohammad Khalil al-Breem, Gaza. 34 . Ibrahim Salman Qabalan, 19 , Gaza. Mohammad Ahmad Abu Wadia, Salam Ermeilat, 39 , Deir al-Balah. Abdullah ‘Ayesh Khan Younis. Eman Hasan ar-Roqab, 11 , Khan Younis. Bara› Mahmoud ar-Roqab, 59 , Khan Younis. Khalil Mohammad an-Najjar, Khan Younis. Jona an-Najjar, Khan Younis. Ekhlas Najjar, Khan Younis. Amna an-Najjar, 19 , Khan Younis. Majed Sameer an-Najjar, 56 , Khan Younis. Ghalia Mohammed an-Najjar, 14 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Khaled Mohammad an-Najjar, 23 , Khan Younis. Eman Salah Mahmoud an-Najjar, 50 , Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Sumayya Harb Yousef Kifah Samir Hasan an-Najjar 23 , Khan Younis. 17 , Khan Younis. Khaled Mohammad an-Najjar, Rawan 7 Husam Hussein an-Najjar, 2 Samir Hussein an-Najjar, 6 Moa’taz Hussein Samir an-Najjar, 4 Ulfat Hussein Samir an-Najjar, Ikhlas Sameer Hussein Abu Shahla, 30 , Khan Younis. Amir Hammoudeh Khaled Abu Shahla, 3 Amira Hammoudeh Khaled Abu Shahla, 1 Islam Hammoudeh Abu Shahla, 4 Bassam Khaled Abu Shahla, 44 , Khan Younis. al-Breem, 19 Riham Fayez Gaza City. At-Tawaneh, Fadel 27 , Central District. Arafat Salem Abu Oweily, Central District. Ouda at-Tilbani, Abdul-Rahman Nidal Ahmad ‹Issa Abu al-›Asal, 27 , Rafah. 87 , Rafah. Salim Salaam Abu ath-Thoum, 36 , Deir al-Balah Naim Abdul Aziz Abu Zaher, Abdul-Hamid Mohammad Al-Maghrabi, 31 . 36 . Abdul-Majeed Abdullah al-A’ady, Hamad Mohammad Ala Sheikh Salim, 30 . 30 . Said al-Ayeer, Mohammad Rafiq Abdul-Hakim as-Sheikh Khalil, 25 . ‘Amro 22 . Yassin, Shadi Kamal Ramadan Mohammad Issam Deeb Abu Dalfa, 25 . Said Nassr al-Ijlah, 7 Walid 23 . ‘Azzam, Osama Issam Fawzi Abdullah Ibrahim Abu Leila, 51 . 49 . al-Ar-‘Eir, Sami Fathi 20 . al-Ar-‘Eir, Sami Fathi Fathi Abdul-Karim Ali Abu Shanab, 40 , Deir al-Balah. Mohammad Abu Shanab, 77 , Deir al-Balah. Aziza ‘Atiyeh Khan Younis. Nasrallah Samour, Ahmad Walid Hasan Abdullah Mustafa al-Athanna, 59 . 23 . Hasan Zaki at-Tahrawy, Omar Ismail Ali Quz’aat, 18 . Matar as-Shishi, 31 . Faisal Rami Mohammad Abdul Hamid. Salem Abu Dabakh, Central District . Ghassan Yousef 55 . Khadra Ibrahim Salman Abu Bleimy, Nour Mohammad Salameh Abu Dbagh, 13 . Mohammad Abu Qadoos, 13 . Ahmad Ramzi 6 Maisara Anwar Suleiman dar-Azzeen, 13 . Mohammad Anwar Suleiman dar-Azzeen, Mohammad Abdul-Hamid Shaat, 29 . Ola Baha’ ed-Deen al-Gharib, Rafah. 15 , Northern Gaza. Nasr Jaber, Tahrir 2 Mohammad Ata Najjar, 3 Ata Najjar, Rafif Baha› ed-Deen Khatib, (Journalist), Rafah. ‹Ola Baha› ed-Deen Khatib, Rafah. Khan Younis. Abu Amer, Waddah Khan Younis. Ahmad Suleiman Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Mohammed Ahmad Abu Amer, Marwa Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Marah Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Yasser Khan Younis. Suleiman Ahmad Abu Amer, Moha Hajjaj Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Mos›ab Ahmad Sweih, 17 , Gaza. Nariman Khalil al-Agha, 39 , Gaza. 23 , Gaza. Ali Mohammad Abu Ma›rouf, northern Gaza. Bashir al-Hajjar, Dr. northern Gaza. Samir al-Hajjar, Hana’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Doa’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Esra’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Mariam Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Yahia Sahar Motawe’ Balata, Jabalia. Naim Nathmi, Jabalia. 6 Zaher Ahmad Najjar, Suleiman Mos›ad Barham al-Hishash, 30 , Rafah. Lafi, 50 , Rafah. Jamal Ramadan Karam Abu Zeid, 1 Samih Jebriel Jneid, 4 yrs, Deir al-Balah , Rafah. Soheil Hasan Nassar, Beit Lahia. Soheil Hasan Nassar, Anis Abu Shammala, Al-Boreij (Mayor). Samir Qeshta, 30 , Rafah. Ayman 27 , Rafah. Ismael Shahin, Baha’ ed-Deen al-Gharib, Rafah. Othman Fawzi ‘Abdeen, 17 , Khan Younis. ‘Abdeen, Othman Fawzi Nusseirat. Siham al-Ham, Khan Younis, Nusseirat. Mohammad Adel Ashour, Nusseirat. Ashraf Ashour, Renad Nusseirat. Abeer Nahed al-‘Ata, Naima Darwish Abu Shouq, Nusseirat. Abu Maktoum, Nusseirat. Zaher Tawfiq Nusseirat. al-‘Asa, Ama’ Rafat Hasan Nassr Zaqqout, Nusseirat. Labibeh Abu Shouqa, 23 , Nusseirat. al-Majayda, Khan Younis. Ahmad Mohammad Yassin Ali Mahmoud al-Astal, 23 , Khan Younis. Khaled Salim al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Salim al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Ibrahim al-Astal, 21 , Khan Younis. Ramzi Odah Ahmad al-Astal, 25 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Mahmoud Suleiman al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Ibrahim Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis. Khalil Ibrahim Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis. Ezzedddin Jabr Mohammad al-Astal, Khan Younis. Mohammad Mahmoud al-Astal, Khan Younis Mohammad Abdul-Sattar al-Abadla, 21 , Khan Younis. Mahmoud Jaber al-Agha, 23 , Khan Younis. Fahd Asma’ Abu al-Kaas, 16 , al-Boreij, Central Gaza. 51 , Rafah. Shihda Marzouq Moammar, Walid 11 , Gaza. Sojoud Abdul-Hakim Oleyyan, Issam Jaber al-Khatib, Jabalia. Sa’id Abu Jalala, Jabalia. Hammad, Jabalia. Taiseer Jabalia. Lu’ay al-Feery, Jabalia. Bassem Khaled Najjar, Jabalia. Tha’er Khaled Najjar, Osama Mohammad Sohweil, Jabalia. Jabalia. Bilal Midhat al-‘Amoudi, Jabalia. Abdullah Midhat al-‘Amoudi, Jabalia. Mohammad Mousa Ghaban, Jabalia. Khader Salman, Ramadan Jabalia. Alaa› Khader Salman, Jabalia. Ali Ahmad Shaheen, Barakat, Jabalia. Rami Adel Mohammad Abu Qamar Jabalia. Mohammad Ezzat Abu Sweireh, 34 , Central District. 36 , Rafah. Hussein Mohammad Abu Rezeq, National ‹Aed Zaqqout, Gaza City (coach of Palestine Team) Football Abdul-Aziz Hosni Abu Hajras, 23 , Khan Younis. al-Breem, Khan Younis. Omar Awad Kamal Ahmad Al-Breem, 57 , Khan Younis. Jihad Salah Mohammed al-Breem, 28 , Khan Younis. Mariam Ahmad Hejazi, Khan Younis. Salah Hejazi, Khan Younis. Sabha Ibrahim Hejazi, Khan Younis. Ibrahim Mousa al-Ghalban, Khan Younis. Ismael Mahmoud al-Ghalban, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Ahmad Suleiman Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Mohammad Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Marwa Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Marah Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Ahmad Abu Amer, Yasser Khan Younis. Suleiman Ahmad Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Mona Hajjaj Abu Amer, Jihad Salah Mohammad Al-Breem, 25 , Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Zeinab Abu Jazar, 35 , Deir al-Balah. Maisara Mohammad at-Ta’ban, Iftikhar Mohammad Shahin (Abu Zrei’ey) 50 . Zaki Abu Jneid, 19 , Beit Lahia. Odai Yahia Abdul-Jalil Mohammad Kamel Abu Shodoq, 35 , Beit Lahia. Jamal Shihda Abu Shodoq, 40 , Beit Lahia. Khan Younis. Jamalat Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis. Salama Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis. Mahmoud Salama Dheir, Khan Younis. Omar Salama Mahmoud Dheir, Yamen Khan Younis. Shorouq Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis. Arwa Mahmoud Dheir, Khan Younis. Mohammad Abu Jazar, Ramadan Gaza. Ali Ahmad Shahin, Sababa, 22 , Beit Lahia. Taiseer 31 , Gaza. Ammar Suleiman Ali al-Masdar, 23 , Gaza. Mohammad Mheisin, Hamza Yasser Dardouna, Beit Lahia. Wisam 20 , Khan Younis. Abu Nasr, Anwar ‘Adel 18 . Khan Younis. Abu Nasr, Ismael Walid 32 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Khalil Abu ‘Anza, 38 , Khan Younis. Shadi Abdullah Abu ‘Anza, 27 , Khan Younis. Ali Mahmoud Abu ‘Anza, Khan Younis. Ahmad Abdullah Abu ‘Anza, Mohammad Suleiman Baraka, Khan Younis. Mustafa Ahmad Abu Jalala, Beit Lahia. northern Gaza Husam Mohammad an-Najjar, Sha›aban Abdul-aziz al-Jamal, northern Gaza northern Gaza Alaa› Joudy Khader, Sheja’eyya Mohammed Mazen Moussa Foda, Ahmad Abdulkarim Hannoun , Sheja’eyya , Sheja’eyya Saadi Faraj Hussein Saeed Kar›re›ra , Sheja’eyya Hamdi Sadi Abu Zour , Sheja’eyya Abdulkarim Hussein El-Selk , Sheja’eyya Aahed Ziad Al Gharabli , Sheja’eyya Abdulaziz Ibrahim El-Beltagy , Sheja’eyya Lena Ala›a El-Selk , Sheja’eyya Abdulaziz Mohammed El-Selk , Sheja’eyya Abdel Halim Mohammed El-Selk , Sheja’eyya Moataz Bassam Deeb , Sheja’eyya , Sheja’eyya Mahmoud Mohamed Ragab , Sheja’eyya Moaaz Khaled Tayeh Malak Jalal El-Selk , Sheja’eyya Amina Mohammed El-Selk , Sheja’eyya Layan Nael El-Selk, Sheja’eyya 23 , Gaza City Fayad Abdullah Fayez Suhaib Salleh Salama 23 , Gaza City al-Astal 35 , Gaza City Ibrahim Yusuf Aassem Ahmed Baraka 25 , Khan Younis. Mayar Jamal Abu musbeh, 9 Abu Hazaa›, 25 , Deir al-Balah Mohammad Tayseer 19 , Khan Younis. Naji Ahmad al-Raqqab, 35 , Khan Younis. Khaled al-Raqqab, Ramy Mahmoud Osama al-Qosas, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Shadi Abd al-Kareem Farwana, Mustafa Abd al-Samiee al-Ubadala, Khan Younis. Mohammad Abdullah al-Aqqad, 49 , Khan Younis. Yahiya Emad Qaddoura, child, Jabalia. Yusef Huna Emad Qaddoura, child, Jabalia. child, Jabalia. Mohammad Musa Alwan, 70 , Jabalia. Mariam Khalil Ruba, Hani Abu Khalifa, Jabalia. Soheila al-›Ejel, 70 , Gaza Ci , Khan Younis. years, Central Gaza. , Nusseirat. , Khan Younis. months, Rafah. , Rafah. years, Rafah. months, Beit Lahia. , Rafah. , Rafah. , Rafah. years, Rafah. Muhammad Hassan Qeshta, Rafah. Ahmed Shtewi Qeshta, Rafah. al-Nems, Rafah. Yahya Hazem al-Nems , Rafah. Mohammad al-Nems, Rafah. Osama Abu Nakirah, Rafah. 25 , Rafah. Mousa Mohammad Ahmad Abu Rajila, 86 , Rafah. Salma Suleiman Mohammad Radwan, Ibrahim Abdel-Hakim Daoud al-Zaqzouq, 22 , Rafah. 26 , Rafah. Ibrahim Abu Rajilah, Mohammad Foaz Rafah. Hazim Khaled Abdel-Maadi Awda›, Gaza City. Hathifa Abu Teir, Gaza City. Nabil al-Najjar, Gaza City. Kamal Abu Teir, Gaza City. Ahmad Abu Teir, Jamal Musa Shabat, 29 , Gaza City. Yahya 58 , Khan Younis. Abdul-Malek Abdul-Salam al-Farra, 34 , Khan Younis. Osama Abdul-Malek al-Farra, 28 , Khan Younis. Emad Abdul-Hafeth al-Farra, 29 , Khan Younis. Ezzeddin al-Farra, Awatef 12 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Mahmoud al-Farra, 4 Lojein Bassem al-Farra, 8 Abdul-Salam al-Farra, Yara Khan Younis. Nadine Mahmoud al-Farra, al-Breem, Khan Younis. Abdullah Awad Mohammad Suleiman al-Breem, Khan Younis. al-Breem, Khan Younis. Maisoun Ra’fat Abdul-Latif al-Qarra, Khan Younis. Raed Sami Suleiman al-Madani, Khan Younis. Husam Suleiman al-Madani, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Ahmad Salim Abdin, Mohammad Ahmad Hamad, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Mousa Hamad Abu ‘Amran, Khan Younis. Hilal Eid Abu ‘Amran, 26 , Khan Younis. Ismael Zuheir Mohammadein, Maher Ja’far Hajjaj, 54 , Khan Younis. Gaza. Ahmad Mohammad Hassanein, Basil Diab al-Basyouni. 29 , Khan Younis. Shadi Mohammad Jom’a Abu Daher, Hasan Abdul-Majid al-Bayyoumi, Deir al-Balah. 20 , Shuja›eyya, Gaza. Hassanein, Mohammad Reziq Ibrahim Sulayman Al-Masri, 50 yrs, Rafah. Al-Masri, 45 years, Rafah. Nadia Yousef Ibrahim Al-Masri, 6 Mohamed Anas Arafat, 4 Anas Ibrahim Hamad, 5 Sabri Shaykh Al-Eid, 35 years, Rafah. Mohammed Khalid Al-Aloul, 30 years, Rafah. Ibrahim Mostafa Ghaneem, Rafah. Rafah. Amna Azamaly, Abd Al-Karim Lafi, Rafah. Yahya Rafah. Musa Mohamed Abu Omran, Rafah. Hilal Eid Abu Omran, Rafah. Salama Mohamed Al-Zamaly, Nuha Jamal Abu Ziyada, Rafah. Ali Moamir› , Rafah. Taiseer Hussein Salaam Al-Jaafari, Rafah. Rafah. Mohamed Abu Hazir, Yousra Ataf Hamad Al-Mahmoum, Rafah. Rafah. Mousa Ibrahim Abu Hazir, Al-Abeed, 4 Ahmed Wisam Souad Ali Al-Bahri, 60 years, Beit Lahia. Samal Nail Al-Barawi, 8 Osama Abdul-Malik Abu Mualla, 37 years, Nuseirat Atif Sohail Kandil 24 years, Maghazi 24 years, Gaza City Nihad Mohammed Yasin 16 years, Gaza City Yassin Tareq Faiz 32 years old, Gaza City. Hassan Ismail Yassin, Ambulance officer Atef Zamili, Rafah. pathologist Joseph Jameen Sheikh Eid, Rafah. Jaber Drabiah, Rafah ambulance volunteer Yousef Sha›ath, Khan Younis. Wajih Al-Qawasmi , Khan Younis. Fadi Ali Barbakh , Khan Younis. Aseel Sha’ban Gheith, 3 Gheith, 35 , Rafah. Sufian Farouq Gheith, 65 , Rafah. Farouq Ahlam No’man Zo’rob, 18 , Rafah. Sabiha Zo’rob, 55 , Rafah. Zo’rob, 7 Amir Ra’fat Zo’rob, 7 Odai Ra’fat Nath’at Siyam, 12 , Rafah. Rawan Su’ad No’man Zo’rob, 34 , Rafat. Zo’rob, 10 , Rafah. Shahd Ra’fat Zo’rob, 8 Khaled Ra’fat Suleiman Baraka, 31 , Gaza. Aref Baraka, 58 , Gaza. Ahmed al-Loah, 22 , Gaza. 19 . Gaza. Baraa› Yousef, Maha Abdul-Nabi Salim Abu Hilal, Rafah. Majdi Mohammad Ahmad Fseifis, 34 , Khan Younis. 32 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Juma’ an-Najjar, Hani Abdullah Abu Mustafa, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Abu T›aima, Hanan Yusef Khan Younis. Mahar an-Najjar, Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Mahmoud Fouad Gaza. Mohammad Daher, Nader Almeghari, 27 , Rafah. Fadel 58 , Khan Younis. Mahdiyya Suleiman Omar Abu Louly, 22 , Khan Younis. Tha›er Naji al-Amour, Al-Abadla, 21 , Khan Younis. Mohammed Yousef Abdullah abu Shabab 20 , Khan Younis. Alaa› ‹Alweh 22 , Khan Younis. Ahmed Salim Abdin , Khan Younis. Mohamed Ahmed Hamad, Khan Younis. Atiyyeh Salameh al-Hashash, 68 , Rafah. Ahmad al-Haddad, 20 , eastern Gaza City. Hamza Fa›ek Ibrahim Asa›ad Ahmad al-Haddad, 21 , eastern Gaza City. 10 , Gaza City. Mohammad Ammar Sharaf, Na›eem, Gaza Old City. Mohammed Ra›fat Na›eem, Gaza Old City. Husam Ra’fat Kamal Abdul-karim al-Louh, 32 , Deir al-Bala. Ibrahim Abdul-karim al-Louh, 29 , Deir al-Bala. Khaled Nasr al-Louh, 46 , Deir al-Bala. Amaal Abdul-karim al-Masri, 48 , Deir al-Bala. al-Louh, 27 , Deir al-Bala. Ilham Yahya 63 , Khan Younis. Samih Kamal Abu al-Kheir, Mohammad Rami Abu Suleiman, Rafah. Abu Suleiman, Mohammad Rami Rafah. Abu Suleiman, Ahmad Rami Rafah. Abu Suleiman, Lama Rami Rafah. Abu Suleiman, Jana Rami Al-Dedda, 28 , Jabalia. Mohammad Fouad 40 , Khan Younis. Issa Saadi Ashaar, Abu Dbagh, 20 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Yousef Yasser Hasan Qandil, 17 , Central Gaza Amro Tareq Nihad Sayyed, 23 , Central Gaza Wael Hasan Qandil, 20 , Central Gaza. Mohammad Taiseer Gaza. Hamdi Mohammad Abdul-Aziz Ayyad, Gaza. Shadi Hamdi Mohammad Ayyad, 40 , Rafah. Sadia Abu Taha, 27 , Rafah. Mohammed Abu Taha, Rafah. Abu Taha, Youssef two months, Rafah. Abu Taha, Rezeq Daoud Abu Madi, 65 , Nusseirat. Yousef Abu Madi, Nusseirat. Hassan Yousef Abu Madi 24 , Nusseirat. Karim Yousef Abu Madi, 5 Amin Yousef years old, northern Gaza. , Rafah. , Rafah. , (Shati’ Refugee camp) , (Shati’ Refugee years old, northern Gaza. , Rafah. , (Twins) Rafah. , (Twins) , Rafah. , Rafah. , (l-Karim Najm (son of Abdel-Karim ع Daniel Abdullah Abu Mansour, 44 , Jabalia (Northern Gaza) Daniel Abdullah Abu Mansour, Abdul-Nasser Ajjouri, Jabalia. (Northern Gaza) Ashraf Mashal, 25 , Rafah. Madhi, 23 , Rafah. Fadi Aseel Mohammad al-Bakri, 8 Northern Gaza. 23 , Rafah. Abu Mohsen, Saher Talal 18 , Rafah. Aseel Saleh Hussein Abu Mohsen, Ebtisam Hammad al-Mahmoum, 18 , Rafah. Hiba Mustafa al-Mahmoum, 7 Obada Mustafa al-Mahmoud, 3 Abdullah Hussein Mousa Mubarak, 50 , Northern Gaza. Mahmoud Zaki Lahham, 25 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Abdul-Halim Mohammad al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Darabiyyah, Northern Gaza. Walid Amro Mohjez, Northern Gaza. 60 , Gaza. Mohammad Saleh Shemaly, 22 , Gaza. Bhar, Mohammad Fawzi 20 , Gaza. Mohammad Hosni Sukkar, age 12 , Rafah. Mohammad Amjad Awida’, age 5 Amal Amjad Awida’, 24 , Rafah. Karam Mahrous Dahir, Ibrahim al-Masharawi, 30 , Gaza City. Ebtisam al-Bakri, 38 , Gaza City. Mahmoud Zaki al-Laham, 25 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Abdel-Halim Mohammad al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Ismail Abu Hamad, 34 , Khan Younis. Fayez Saleh Ahmad al-Ghouti, 22 , Rafah 2 Abu Jazar, Fares 2 Maria Abu Jazar, 23 , Rafah. Amani Abu Jazar, Rafah. Issa Sha’er, Saed Mahmoud al-Lahwani, Rafah. 50 , Jabalia. Wahdan, Hatem Abdul-Rahman 27 , Jabalia. Seniora Wahdan, Jabalia. Jamila Jamal Wahdan, 30 , Rafah. Mohammad al-Hour, Rafah. Nasrallah al-Masry, Mohammad Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Wael Ismael Mohammad al-Ghoul, Rafah. al-Ghoul, Rafah. Ismael Wael Khadra Khaled al-Ghoul, Rafah. Asma’ Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. al-Ghoul, Rafah. Malak Wael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Mustafa Wael Hanadi Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Suleiman Khattab, 64 , Rafah. ‘Atwa al-›Attar (Khattab), Rafah. ‘Atwa Remas Khattab, Rafah. Mohammad ‘Atwa Khattab, Rafah Suleiman ‘Atwa Nevin Suleiman Khattab, Rafah Amira Ahmad Khattab Sharafi, 10 , Jabalia Abdul-Rahman Rajab Mahmoud Abdullah Sharafi, 26 , Jabalia Sharafi, 48 , Jabalia Najah Rajab Mahmoud ‘Okal, 60 , Rafah Turkiyya Elham Mohammad Mahmoud ‘Okal, 34 , Rafah Mahmoud As’ad Mohammad ‘Okal, 18 , Rafah Mahmoud Mohammad Na’im ‘Okal, 10 , Rafah Northern Gaza. ‹Ahed Badran, UN School, Rafah. Mohammad Abu Rajal, Sami Abdullah Qishta›, UN School, Rafah. UN School, Rafah. Sami Ismael Abu Shaouf, Ahmad Khaled Abu Harba›, UN School, Rafah. Mohammad Mosa›ed Qishta›, UN School, Rafah. Hazem Abdel-Baset Hilal, UN School, Rafah. UN School, Rafah. Abu al-Rous, Amr Tariq Ahmad Kamal al-Nahhal, UN School, Rafah. Akram Skafi, UN School, Rafah. Yousef UN School, Rafah. Sa›id Abu al-Rous, Tareq Abdul-Karim Najm, northern Gaza. Bilal Abdul-Karim Najm (son of Abdel-Karim) , northern Gaza. Ahmad Abd northern Gaza. Najm, northern Gaza. Raghd Soha Najm, northern Gaza. Qassim, northern Gaza. Shimaa› Wael Ahmed Majdalawi, 7 Rowan Mohammad Ahmad Majdalawi, 6 Hadi Majdalawi , northern Gaza. Ras Mahmoud Abdel-Hadi Majdalawi , northern Gaza. Abdullah Majdalawi, northern Gaza. Abu Daba›a, 42 , Rafah. Khalil Mohammad Ramadan Munir Abu Daba›a, Rafah. Qassim Mahmoud Qassim, 40 , northern Gaza. Mohammad Sa›dy Ahmad, 37 , northern Gaza. Ahmad Qassem, Beit Lahia. Qassem Qassem, Beit Lahia. 23 , Nusseirat. at-Tala›a, Basil Walid Abdullah Soheil Abu Shawish, 24 , Nusseirat. 16 , Rafah. Abdel Wahab, Haitham Yasser Rafah. Mohamed Issa Ashaar, Abu Naqira, 20 , Rafah. Hossam Yassin Rafah. Abu Naqira, his brother, Mousa Yasin Ola Bassam Al-Nairab, Rafah. Arwa Mohamed al-Nairab, Rafah. 23 , Rafah. Abu Suleiman, Yousef Fida 60 , Rafah. Mariam Hasan Abu Jazzar, Rafah. Abu Suleiman, Maha Raed Maida› Mohammad Aslan, 45 Days, Central Gaza (DiedMaida› Mohammad Aslan, of earlier injuries suffered after the army bombarded her family home). (died at an Egyptian Hospital) Rafah Mohammad ar-Roumy, Ahmad Mohammad Atiyya al-Masri, 17 , Deir al-Balah Amani Abed al-Bakara, 35 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Mohammad Atiyya al-Masri, 14 , Deir al-Balah. 17 , Gaza. Anwar Mustafa Za’anin, 25 , Northern Gaza. Saqer Abdullah Reehan, Ehsan Hussein Kaware’, 24 , Khan Younis. Moath Azzam Abu Zeid, 37 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. 34 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Nidal Badran, Ziad Abdullah, 25 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Tareq 65 , al-Maghazi, Abdul-Hakim Suleiman al-Masdar, Central Gaza. 19 , al-Maghazi, Central Gaza. Moath Akram al-Masdar, 13 , Rafah. Aaya Nour ash-Sha’er, Ibrahim Zoheir ad-Dawawsa, 10 , Northern Gaza. Khan Younis. Mahmoud Mohammad Abu Haddaf, Khan Younis. Suleiman Samir Abu Haddaf, Khan Younis. Mahmoud Khaled Abu Haddaf., Ahmad Na’im ‘Okal, 22 , Rafah. (Died Of His 32 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Jom’a Najjar, At al-Maqassed Hospital in Jerusalem) Wounds ‹Oleywa, 12 , Gaza (Died Of Earlier Injuries) Nida Raed Sha›ban Suleiman ad-Dahdouh, 24 , Gaza. (Died on July 21 remains located under rubble) 23 , Gaza. Dia’ ed-Deen Mohammad al-Madhoun, Ahmad Banat, 22 , Gaza. Hamada Khalil al-Qaaq, Beit Lahia. Ahmad Khaled al-Qaaq, Beit Lahia. Beit Lahia. Suleiman Mohammad Ma’rouf, Zaher al-Andah, Beit Lahia. Beit Lahia. Abdul-Nasser al-Ajjoury, Abdul-Hai Salama al-Qreinawi, 45 , Gaza. Mohammad Sabri Atallah, 21 , Gaza. Mas’oud, 7 Raghd 2 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
ACRONYMS 4 Table of Contents FOREWORD 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8
SECTION 1: SETTING THE CONTEXT 12 1.1 Counting the Losses 14 1.2 The National Consensus Government: Priority Agenda 15 1.2.1 Institutional and Legal Agenda 15 1.2.2 Economic and Fiscal Agenda 16 1.3 The Vision for Gaza: Integration and Economic Development 17 1.4 The Private Sector: A Key Role in Economic Revival 19
SECTION 2: PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION 20 2.1 Preparation of the Plan 22 2.2 Guiding Principles 22 2.3 Coverage of the Plan 24 2.3.1 Relief 24 2.3.2 Early Recovery 24 2.3.2 Reconstruction 25 2.4 Prerequisites for Effective Implementation of the Plan 26 2.4.1 A New Arrangement for Movement and Access 26 2.4.2 Sufficient and Rapidly Disbursed Funding 27 2.4.3 Government Leadership and Effective Co-ordination 27
SECTION 3: GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS 28 3.1 Social Sector 31 3.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety Nets 31 3.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-Being 32 3.1.3 Education 32 3.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based Institutions 33 3.2 Infrastructure Sector 34 3.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of War 34 3.2.2 Energy 34 3.2.3 Water and Waste Water 35 3.2.4 Shelter and Housing 36 3.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure 36 3.2.6 Border Crossings 36 3.2.7 Roads 36 3.3 Economic Sector 37 3.3.1 Agriculture and Fishing 37 3.3.2 Industry and Manufacturing 38 3.3.3 Trade and Services 39 3.3.4 Employment and Livelihood 39 3.4 Governance Sector 40 3.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government Institutions 40 3.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions 40 3.4.3 Rule of Law and Human Rights 41 3.4.4 Implementation and Coordination 41 3
SECTION 4: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS 42 4.1 Social Sector 44 4.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety Nets 44 4.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-Being 45 4.1.3 Education 46 4.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based Institutions 47 4.1.5 Summary of Interventions in Social Sector 47 4.2 Infrastructure Sector 48 4.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of War 48 4.2.2 Energy 49 4.2.3 Water and Waste Water 49 4.2.4 Shelter and Housing 50 4.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure 51 4.2.6 Border Crossings 52 4.2.7 Roads 52 4.2.8 Summary of Interventions in Infrastructure Sector 53 4.3 Economic Sector 54 4.3.1 Agriculture and Fishing 54 4.3.2 Industry and Manufacturing 55 4.3.3 Trade and Services 56 4.3.4 Employment and Livelihood 56 4.3.5 Facilitating Investment 57 4.3.6 Summary of Interventions in Economic Sector 57 4.4 Governance Sector 57 4.4.1 Implementation and Coordination 58 4.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government Institutions 58 4.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions 59 4.4.3 Rule of Law and Human Rights 60 4.4.4 Summary of Interventions in Governance Sector 60
SECTION 5: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING 62 5.1 Government Leadership through the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee 64 5.2 Co-ordination with Partners 64 5.3 Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation Unit 65 5.4 Detailed Damage Assessments and Action Planning at Sector and Municipality Level 65
SECTION 6: FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND MECHANISMS 66 6.1 Overview of Current Fiscal Situation 68 6.2 Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction Costs 69 6.3 Financing Mechanisms 71 Annex 1: Mapping of Financing Mechanisms 72
Photo credits: UNDP/PAPP photo archive - Ahed Izhiman, Shareef Sarhan, Media Town, Tanya Habjouqa 4 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
ACRONYMS
AHLC Ad Hoc Liaison Committee AMA Access and Movement Agreement ASP Agricultural Support Programme CFW Cash For Work CMWU Coastal Municipalities Water Utility CSO Civil Society Organization CSRP Commercial and Services Rehabilitation Programme CTA Central Treasury Account DARP Development Assistance and Reform Platform EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal ERW Explosive Remnants of War EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GBV Gender-based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product IDP Internally Displaced Person ILO International Labor Organization IRP Industrial Repair Programme KV Kilovolt LACS Local Aid Co-ordination Secretariat MCM Million Cubic Meters MIRA Multi-Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment MOEHE Ministry of Education and Higher Education MONE Ministry of National Economy MOPAD Ministry of Planning and Administrative Development MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises NFI Non-Food Item NGO Non-Governmental Organization OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PEGASE Mécanisme Palestino-Européen de Gestion et d'Aide Socio-économique PFI Palestinian Federation of Industries PID-MDTF Partnership for Infrastructure Development Multi-Donor Trust Fund PRDP-MDTF Palestinian Reform and Development Plan Multi-Donor Trust Fund PSS Psycho-Social Support PWA Palestinian Water Authority STLV Short Term Low Volume TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training UNDP/PAPP United Nations Development Programme Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNMAS United Nations Mine Action Service UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency USD United States Dollar WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization 5 6 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
State of Palestine
FOREWORD
Gaza is once more in crisis. Seven weeks of bombardment and ground incursions have left thousands dead and injured and half a million people displaced. The physical destruction is vast in scale. Yet it is the human loss that is truly incomprehensible and from which will be the hardest to recover.
Palestinians living in Gaza have suffered too long and too much. They deserve a future that is free from restriction, confinement, and destruction. With their resilience, ingenuity, and determination, our people in Gaza are more than capable of making the coastal region of Palestine flourish and prosper.
Full recovery from years of conflict and devastation can happen only if Gaza is once more connected with the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and all parts of Palestine are once more open to the world. Free movement of people and goods will catalyze Gaza, catapulting it from its current crisis into socio-economic sustainability. Freedom of access must be guaranteed. The borders must be opened. Trade must flow. People must travel.
The past months have been some of the grimmest in Palestinian history. And, yet, it was not a new experience. Since the Nakba in 1948 until now, Palestinians have been forced through too many dark days. Israeli military action is constant, with massive assaults in tragic repetition: in Gaza, six-year old children have already lived through three major assaults that have robbed them of friends, family, and their childhood innocence.
But our Palestinian people will continue to move forward towards their dream of an independent, prosperous, and peaceful state, with East Jerusalem as their capital. When Gaza last faced such destruction in 2009, Palestinian unity was still a distant dream. Now, our people have achieved that unity, brought together by the National Consensus Government, formed just weeks before the assault on Gaza began. Our Government will exert all efforts to recover, repair, and rebuild Gaza as an integral region of Palestine.
We extend our hand to the international community, to our partners in peace and our friends in times of need. We challenge the world to be ambitious and daring in helping us realize our dream of prosperity and justice in an independent state, free of military occupation. An immediate measure is to end the blockade on Gaza and ensure our people never again experience the horrors of this summer.
A brighter future is on the horizon. Give Palestinians in Gaza the tools, the opportunities, and the freedom to secure that future - here and now.
Rami Hamdallah Prime Minister 7
State of Palestine
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was prepared by the Palestinian Government’s Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee for Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction, supported by the Inter-Governmental Technical Committee.
This Plan will be used to consolidate resources and responses to help the Palestinian people in Gaza rebuild their lives and livelihoods. As such, it forms the basis for mobilizing resources and efforts at the international conference in Cairo, Egypt on October 12, 2014 and provides the guiding framework for all relief, early recovery, and reconstruction interventions.
The Government would like to express its appreciation to the institutions that contributed to the development of this plan and the rapid damage and needs assessment that underpins it, including the line ministries, other Government bodies, the United Nations, the World Bank, the European Union (EU), the Office of the Quartet Representative, international and national NGOs, and the private sector. Special appreciation goes to Egypt and Norway for organizing the donor conference.
As we work together to provide our people in Gaza with a better future, we acknowledge the damage that can never be undone and the loss that will remain, even when peace and prosperity return. We honor the memory of the thousands who have died, we mourn with those left behind, and stand with those who have suffered the most.
Finally and with the greatest sorrow, we remember the children: those who have died and those who still live, haunted by the horrors of this assault and the other assaults that have overshadowed their childhoods.
Mohammad Mustafa Deputy Prime Minister Chairman of Inter-Ministerial Committee 8 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In July 2014, the Israeli military launched a sustained assault on Gaza. For seven weeks, Gaza was invaded and bombarded from land, sea, and air. The human loss was great: at least 2,145 people were killed, including 581 children. One in four Palestinians in Gaza was forced to flee, and over 60,000 houses were partially or completely destroyed. Public services have been devastated, creating scarcity of water, energy, food, and shelter. Agriculture, industry, and trade are at a standstill, leaving ever more Gaza residents without a livelihood.
This devastating assault follows decades of occupation and border closures that have left our people in Gaza isolated, impoverished, and vulnerable. Gaza was already in the grip of a humanitarian and environmental crisis before the assault began. A seven-year blockade had suffocated the private sector, creating widespread dependency: 80 percent of Gaza residents were already dependent on aid, 47 percent were food insecure, and 40 percent were unemployed.
The National Consensus Government has developed this Palestinian National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan to provide a roadmap through the current humanitarian crisis to long-term development. The Gaza Early Recovery and Reconstruction Rapid Needs Assessment forms the backbone of the plan. Conducted by Palestinian ministries and agencies with the support of local and international partners, it uses the situation prior to the assault as a baseline but contextualizes it within the experience of Israel’s long and continuing blockade of Gaza.
This Plan was developed with the intention to transition from relief efforts to longer-term development needs across four sectors – social, infrastructure, economic, and governance. The Government will respond to the urgent and chronic needs of Gaza with relief, recovery, and reconstruction interventions in each of these sectors that will reinforce the foundations for longer term development and growth.
Gaza is an integral part of the Palestinian state and its gate to the Mediterranean. Its development is crucial for the viability of the Palestinian state and for the two-state solution. The Government will no longer accept the isolation and repression of our people in Gaza. Renewed growth and prosperity in Gaza is the Government’s moral and national imperative. Furthermore, there is no doubt that the success of the Government in the reconstruction of Gaza is key to ensuring the stability of Gaza, Palestine, and the region.
Through the National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan, the Government will take - and lead - a series of measures to uphold its responsibility towards Gaza and its residents and ensure rapid improvements to their lives, by working on multiple paths, in cooperation with partners in civil society, the private sector, and donors, while maintaining national ownership. Response is already ongoing, under the leadership of the Government through its Bridging to Recovery Initiative that guides the transition from emergency to early recovery.
Initial rapid assessments have provided early evidence on the scale of the damage caused by the 51-day assault and form the basis for the Government’s response plan. Nearly half a million people were displaced at the height of the conflict and more than 11,200 injured, resulting in an increase in the number of poor, unsheltered persons, disabled, orphans, and female-headed households. 373,000 children are now in need of psychosocial support. Fifty percent of all medical facilities sustained severe damage and Gaza’s emergency and primary health care systems are now overstretched and under-supported. At the same time, border closures have prevented the flow of crucial medical supplies and the transfer of high risk medical cases. Nearly 300 education establishments, from kindergarten to university level, suffered extensive damage and numerous others require repairs having been used as emergency shelters for the internally displaced during the assault.
Essential infrastructure, which was already at breaking point prior to the assault, has sustained severe damage. An estimated 20,000 tons of explosives fired by the Israeli military have left many buildings and large areas of Gaza reduced to rubble. At least 5,000 explosive remnants of war (ERW) are not yet secured or destroyed. Extensive disruption has been caused to water and sanitation networks, energy supplies and facilities, roads and bridges, and the telecommunications system. 9
Gaza’s private sector has suffered both direct damage to property, equipment, stock and raw materials, as well as indirect losses due to closure and reduced economic activity. The agriculture sector has seen widespread destruction of cultivated land, greenhouses, livestock and poultry farms, water wells, irrigation networks, and other productive assets. Seventeen percent of the total cultivated area has been completely destroyed. In the industrial sector, more than 20 percent of Gaza’s industrial enterprises and over 4,000 commercial and trade enterprises have been destroyed or damaged. Unemployment is set to rise significantly, defaults in the banking sector may become a problem, and investors, who were already hesitant to invest, are likely to be ever more cautious.
This Early Recovery and Reconstruction plan presents a comprehensive and prioritized response to the overwhelming damage across all sectors and geographic areas in in Gaza.
The response in the social sector will require $701 million. The Government will work with UNRWA and other agencies to extend a safety net to newly impoverished citizens, including through expanded cash transfers, food assistance, and distribution of non- food items. Health services will be restored by rehabilitating destroyed and damaged health infrastructure and equipment. In the education sector, the Government and UNRWA will focus on responding to urgent humanitarian needs amongst students, rehabilitating infrastructure, providing psycho-social and social protection support to students, staff, and families, and returning to education as soon as possible.
In the infrastructure sector, $1.9 billion will be required for temporary service provision as well as extensive rehabilitation and reconstruction. The Government will prioritize the removal of rubble and removal of ERWs, which pose a critical danger to citizens, particularly children. In the energy sector, additional supplies will be purchased to supplement the now repaired Gaza Power Plant. Access to potable water will be increased initially through provisional supplies, followed by rehabilitation of the destroyed and damaged infrastructure and equipment. Small-scale desalination units will also be developed, and pumps, generators, and chlorine will be distributed. The largest expenditure within the infrastructure sector will be on housing, where temporary housing solutions will be found rapidly for those who have seen their houses destroyed or damaged. Thereafter, repairs and reconstruction will begin. A program to upgrade and develop border crossings will be essential to ensure handling of the construction materials required for the recovery and reconstruction efforts.
The Government will invest $1.2 billion to rebuild the private sector and increase employment in Gaza, including restoring the productivity of the agricultural, fishing, industrial, and manufacturing sectors and the trades and services sector through rehabilitation, economic stimulation packages, as well as cash-for-work support.
With respect to the governance sector, the National Consensus Government will seize the opportunity presented by its recent formation to harmonize and integrate the previously divided government structures. Maintaining and expanding the operational capacity of the government will need to go hand in hand with the reconstruction of government institutions damaged and destroyed during the assault. These interventions will start immediately and require $183 million.
The total cost of relief, recovery and reconstruction is estimated at $4 billion. This is about three times the estimated cost after the 2008 assault and equivalent to 35 percent of the total GDP for the West Bank and Gaza combined. When compared to Palestine’s development budget for 2014 of $316 million, this is a huge shock. However, the Government sees the investment in Gaza as an investment in stability and the viability of a future Palestinian State.
Alongside direct funding for relief, recovery and reconstruction, the continuation of existing budget support for Palestine to Gaza in 2014-2017 will be a vital element for sustaining government functions in the West Bank and Gaza. An estimated $4.5 billion is required. Therefore the Government urges donors not only to complete the budget support for 2014, but also to commit to budget support for 2015-2017. Without this, proper functioning of the National Consensus Government, as well as recovery and reconstruction in Gaza, will be impossible.
Whilst Gaza’s rebuilding will be costly in the short -to medium- term, the Government’s vision for Gaza is one of sustainability and self-sufficiency, where Gaza is an integral driver of the a growing Palestinian economy, united with the West Bank and opened up to the rest of the world. 10 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for GAZA 2014
GAZA DAMAGES AND RECONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS Recovery and Reconstruction Costs ($m)
Scope of Recovery Early Sector Sub-Sector Damage Interventions Relief Recovery Reconstruction Total Social Increased household Comprehensive support 230 8 80 317 Protection vulnerability: to newly impoverished 30,000 additional citizens, including increased households in need coverage of cash transfer of social protection program Health and Total and partial Health care for IDPs; 14 159 45 218 Psychosocial damage to 9 Restocking of drugs and Support hospitals, 28 clinics supplies; rehabilitation and 25 ambulances; of infrastructure and 373,000 children in equipment; provision of need of psychosocial psychosocial support; crisis support preparedness Education 148 schools and Rehabilitation of damaged 14575121 and Higher eight universities and destroyed school and pre-schools infrastructure and
Social Education damaged or equipment; school supplies; destroyed; 113 remedial education; crisis schools used as preparedness shelters Civil Society, 222 NGOs and Support to 222 social CBOs & FBOs charities destroyed protection NGOs with and damaged; 296 damage; Repairs and mosques and 3 rehabilitation of mosques 04 4145 churches destroyed and churches or damaged Sub-total 245 215 241 701 Rubble & ERW 2.5 million tons of Removal of rubble and 0201434 rubble; estimated ERWs 5000 ERWs Energy Destruction of Temporary alternative 0 32 153 185 Gaza Power Plant; electricity provision; damage to grid, Gaza rehabilitation of grid north substation, damages; new transmission and transmission system infrastructure Water, 26 water wells and 16 Provisional water supply; 40 80 116 236 Sanitation and public water supply rehabilitation of destroyed Hygiene tanks damaged; and damaged infrastructure 46.8km of water and equipment for water networks and 17.5km and wastewater, STLV of wastewater desalination, clearing of networks destroyed solid waste, rehabilitation of land fills Housing and Total damage Rental/hosting allowances; 129 143 910 1,182 Shelter to some 10,000 Temporary housing housing units solutions; repairs to Severe damage damaged houses; to some 10,000 rehabilitation and housing units; Partial reconstruction of severely damage to some and totally destroyed 40,000 housing units houses Infrastructure Governmental 106 newly destroyed Temporary offices, 05197149 Buildings and public buildings, reconstruction of public Other Public damage to UNRWA buildings, rehabilitation of Infrastructure installations and UNRWA premises, repair other public of lighting and other infrastructure installations Border Border crossings Rehabilitation of border 05 5055 Crossings damaged or crossings deteriorated Roads Damage of roads Road repairs 00 7070 Environment Unassessed Environmental damage 01 01 environmental assessment damage Sub-total 169 332 1,410 1,911 11
Scope of Recovery Early Sector Sub-Sector Damage Interventions Relief Recovery Reconstruction Total Agriculture Damage to land, Compensation for losses; 0 194 257 451 agricultural and Rehabilitation of damages, fishing assets and restoration of production infrastructure; losses in production Industry and 297 totally damaged Compensation for losses; 0 75 284 359 Manufacturing and 693 partially Repairs and rehabilitation damaged industrial program for industrial enterprises; sector; Repairs to Gaza production losses Industrial Estate Trade and 1,255 totally Compensation for losses; 0 130 77 207 Services damaged and 2,928 Commercial and services
Economic partially damaged rehabilitation program commercial enterprises; production losses Employment Steep increase in Cash for work and 062769 unemployment and sustainable job creation poverty Facilitating Decreased ability and Short term to long term 0 20 130 150 Investment willingness to invest financing for private sector by private sector companies, capacity building Sub-total 0 481 754 1,235 Operational Weakened Allowances to personnel 0 113 0 113 Capacity of operational in Gaza, support to Central Gov. capacities reintegration Institutions Operational Weakened Support to salaries for 031031 Capacity operational municipal employees of Local capacities Government Institutions Rule of Law and Increased need for Support to legal aid and 01 67 Human Rights rule of law services arbitration, human rights and protection and IHL monitoring Governance
Implementation Widespread Strategic spatial planning; 0122032 and destruction; scaled up coordination, Coordination weakened implementation, and operational monitoring capacity of capacities reconstruction and recovery Subtotal 0 157 26 183
TOTAL 414 1,184 2,432 4,030 12 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
SECTION1 Setting the Context
The recent assault on Gaza is a reminder of the destabilizing impact and the heavy toll that Israel’s decades long occupation exerts on Palestinians and will continue to exert, so long as the goal of an independent Palestinian state in fulfillment of international law and consensus remains elusive. The status quo is unsustainable.
A comprehensive and just peaceful settlement is essential to stopping the continuing, destructive conflict. Only an independent Palestinian state, free of Israeli occupation, can ensure peace, stability and security, side by side with Israel on the 1967 borders.
Unifying all Palestinian territory under one effective government is an imperative for the Palestinian people and for a viable and prosperous state. The formation of the National Consensus Government is an essential first step in that direction and in ensuring national unity. The challenges facing the Government are numerous, spanning complex administrative, financial, legal, economic, and security issues. Added to those is the momentous task of reconstructing Gaza and economic recovery across the whole Palestinian territory, all against the backdrop of a deteriorating economic situation, high unemployment, decreased financial support, and continued Israeli occupation and colonization.
The success of the National Consensus Government in meeting these challenges is the success of national unity in ensuring the economic and institutional foundations of an independent Palestinian state. The challenges are grave but can be met by the Government, provided that there is strong local and international political support and generous financial and technical support from donor countries, and provided that Israel upholds its obligations under international law and removes its destructive restrictions on Palestinian freedom.
11. Counting the Losses 22. The National Consensus Government: Priority Agenda 33. The Vision for Gaza: Integration and Economic Development 44. The Private Sector: A Key Role in Economic Revival 13 14 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
t 1.1 Counting the Losses onte x
C In August 2014, Gaza marked the end of the sixth Israeli assault since 2006. Although the 51-day bombardment and invasion
the has halted, Palestinians in Gaza are still counting their losses: thousands are dead or injured, nearly half a million were displaced, over 110,000 are still homeless, and billions of dollars of damage has been done.
All this is against the backdrop of 66 years of displacement and dispossession, 47 years of military occupation, decades of travel restrictions, and a seven-year blockade, which has crippled the economy and shattered livelihoods. Two of every three people in Gaza were receiving food aid war prior to the recent assault. Poverty rates were up to 39 percent and unemployment had hit 45 percent. SECTION 1 : S etting Through the latest assault, which began on July 7, 2014, the Israeli military has once again wrought wholescale damage and destruction to Gaza, surpassing even the aftermath of the December 2008 assault. During the 51-day assault, at least 2,145 people killed and over 11,200 were injured. At least 142 Palestinian families lost three or more members, while 1,500 children lost one or both parents. More children have suffered than ever: at least 581 children were killed. Over 3,436 children were injured, leaving many permanently disabled 1.
One in four Palestinians in Gaza was forced to flee, and over 60,000 houses were damage or destroyed. Infrastructure and public utilities were severely damaged, including Gaza’s only power plant, its water facilities, sanitation, electricity, telecommunication networks, and transportation. Israeli military strikes destroyed government and UN facilities, municipal centers, and public utilities, impeding the provision of basic services to Gaza’s 1.8 million inhabitants. The local economy has almost completely collapsed, after the destruction of an unprecedented number of private sector assets and damage to agricultural land and fishing facilities. During the assault, up to 71 percent of the population became food insecure, as prices of basic foodstuff soared by 40 to 179 percent. After seven weeks of assault, most Palestinians in Gaza can no longer meet their most basic needs: earning a livelihood is almost impossible.
Immediate relief is already underway, provided by Government ministries and local and international agencies. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has issued two funding appeals for a combined $563 million. The requested funds are supporting 47 humanitarian actors in providing immediate relief until December 2014. But humanitarian assistance is just the first phase in the longer effort to help Palestinians in Gaza recover quickly and build back better.
The National Consensus Government has developed this Palestinian National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan, in coordination with UN agencies, civil society, and the private sector, to provide a roadmap through the current humanitarian crisis to long-term development. Building on the larger Palestinian National Development Plan, this Plan formulates responses to diverse and urgent sectoral needs to secure the foundation for a prosperous Gaza. Prior to the publication of this Plan, the Government began its Bridging to Recovery Initiative, through which it initiated key priority interventions from the Plan in response to critical needs in Gaza.
Securing a stable future requires an end to this destruction and reconstruction cycle. The siege must be permanently lifted and normal movement of people, trade and economic activity must be restored. It is imperative to ensure that the current recovery and reconstruction leads Gaza onto a sustainable and permanent upward trajectory.
1 Data on fatalities and casualties are based on preliminary information (as of September 4, 2014) and may change. 15
1.2 The National Consensus Government: Priority Agenda
The recent Israeli assault started five weeks after the formation of a National Consensus Government – the first government to administer in both the West Bank and Gaza since 2007. Formed as a result of President Mahmoud Abbas’ successful efforts to achieve national reconciliation, this Government aims to institutionally, legally, economically, and socially reintegrate Gaza and the West Bank, as a step towards achieving the aim of an independent and vibrant Palestinian state, with East Jerusalem as its capital.
Upon its inception on June 2, 2014, the National Consensus Government was met with strong popular Palestinian support and welcomed by key international stakeholders, including all the Quartet members: the United States, the European Union, Russia and the United Nations.
However, Israel expressed immediate and continued opposition to the National Consensus Government. It significantly limited the new Government’s ability to effectively oversee the rehabilitation and integration of the ministries and national institutions, including by preventing the movement of Government members between the West Bank and Gaza.
1.2.1 Institutional and Legal Agenda
Coupled with external challenges caused by the Israeli occupation, the new Government must address complex internal governance tasks, including the complex harmonization of national institutions, civil services, and legal systems. Following seven years of political separation, the full harmonization of Government institutions, civil service, and legal systems between Gaza and West Bank is a historical opportunity that will take time to realize. The overall objective of the Government is to reunite the body politic and strengthen state institutions through the implementation of the reconciliation agreement, with the aim of ensuring a unified Palestinian government effectively governing both Gaza and the West Bank.
At the center of the effort to reunify and harmonize institutions is the issue of pre-2007 employees and the post-2007 staff engaged by the then de facto authority in Gaza. This issue has to be addressed in the short-term while ensuring that the Government is able to function in Gaza and carry out recovery and reconstruction efforts, and without undermining the introducing of a plan for the rationalization of civil service in Gaza and capacity development in the medium-long term. The resolution of these issues is further complicated by external legal challenges and the dire economic situation, in particular the inability of the economy to generate jobs under current circumstances.
Establishing and maintaining law and order under the Government authority requires arrangements in the immediate and short-term for controlling the border crossings; harmonizing the police force; and increasing support to civil defense in response to early recovery efforts. In the medium-long term, security sector reform is essential to ensure the integration of the security forces under a clear command structure, along with capacity-building.
The third major priority is the reintroduction of a unified justice system in Gaza by addressing the status of applicable laws, effect of legal decisions, and reunification of the court system, while continuing the process that was begun prior to 2007 of unifying the different laws, resulting from historic separation and different legal systems between the West Bank and Gaza.
1.2.2 Economic and Fiscal Agenda
The reversal of long term economic deterioration in Palestine, but especially in Gaza, is critical. The Palestinian economy has been strangled by ongoing restrictions and a highly uncertain political outlook. This has been felt even more acutely in recent years as a result of falling foreign aid levels. Growth fell to 1.9 percent in 2013 and is forecast to be negligible in 2014. Since this is below the average population growth of 3 percent, Palestinians are seeing their GDP per capita decline.
This economic picture is even more startling when looking at Gaza, where repeated military assaults have time and again destroyed economic infrastructure and paralyzed economic activity. The impact has been compounded by the severe economic shock produced by the seven-year blockade on exports and imports, which has prevented movement of goods and people 16 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
t between the West Bank and Gaza and all but eliminated Gaza’s export focused private sector. Today, only small shipments of selected products are permitted to other markets through donor-supported projects. onte x C The result is that real GDP per capita in Gaza has stayed largely stagnant since 1994, whilst real GDP per capita in the West Bank the has more than doubled. Gaza’s contribution to Palestine’s total GDP has shrunk, from over a third in the mid-1990s to a quarter now. Pre-assault unemployment hit a staggering 45 percent, as compared to 16 percent in the West Bank, and was high as 70 percent amongst Gaza’s youth. Before the latest assault, poverty stood at 38 percent, close to double the level of the West Bank. A further 30,000 households are estimated to have fallen into poverty as a result of the latest assault.
In this context, Gaza’s recovery and reconstruction must address not only the immediate economic impact of the assault but also SECTION 1 : S etting the preexisting structural challenges inhibiting Gaza’s development.
Yet, the Government’s room for maneuver to address these issues directly is limited. Despite fiscal reforms and improvements, the Government remains reliant on donor support to meet the budget deficit and fund development projects. Additional spending for recovery and reconstruction will put significant fiscal pressure on the budget, at a time when donor flows have been steadily declining, falling by 30 percent since 2008. However, since revenues from Gaza in the short term will not be able to meet more than a small fraction of the additional expenditure – in 2013, only 3 percent of total Government revenues were collected in Gaza, as compared to 43 percent of budget expenditures there - the Government has no option but to look to its partners to support the recovery and reconstruction effort.
FIGURE 1: GDP and Real GDP Growth (USD m, %) Figure 2: Real GDP per Capita (USD) FIGURE 1: GDP and Real GDP Growth (USD m, %) Figure 2: Real GDP per Capita (USD)
14000 20.0 4000
12000 15.0 3500
3000 10000 10.0
2500 8000 5.0
2000 6000 0.0
1500 4000 -‐5.0 1000 2000 -‐10.0 500
0 -‐15.0 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 0 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 West Bank GDP Gaza GDP Real GDP Growth rate in WB&G Per Capita GDP in West Bank Per Capita GDP in Gaza
SOURCE: World Bank Analysis 17
1.3 The Vision for Gaza: Integration and Economic Development
Gaza is an integral part of the Palestinian state and its gate to the Mediterranean. Its development is crucial for the viability of the State of Palestine and for the two-state solution. There is no doubt that the success of the National Consensus Government in the reconstruction of Gaza is key to ensuring the stability of Gaza, Palestine, and the region.
Through this Plan, the Government will take - and lead - a series of measures to uphold its responsibility towards Gaza and its residents and ensure rapid improvements to their lives, by working on multiple paths, in cooperation with partners in civil society, the private sector, and donors, while maintaining national ownership.
Addressing the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is the first step towards reconstruction and in enabling the population Developing for the Future: to live in dignity. Although the material damage can be Beyond Reconstruction repaired, the widespread loss of human life as a result of the assault will be suffered by generations to come. The At least $7 billion is required as additional investment to Government’s goal is not simply to alleviate the suffering of meet long-term development needs. Most of this will be citizens and repair the physical damage, but also to make driven by the private sector. substantive improvements in the economic and social Keystone infrastructure development projects include: situation of Gaza residents, particularly by dealing with the chronic problems of poverty and unemployment. • The Gaza Marine gas project • The international airport It is neither sufficient nor acceptable to return to the • The commercial seaport A large scale desalination plant status quo prior to the July/August assault. This would • • A north-south water carrier be tantamount to buying time until the next assault and • Waste water treatment plants crisis. Rather, the economy in Gaza must be put on an upward trajectory to achieve development, prosperity, and Significant investment is also required to address the a dignified life for its population. Accordingly, this Plan is existing infrastructure deficit arising from the blockade, not aimed to “put out fires.” Rather, it is the beginning of including 75,000 housing units, over 270 schools, and two new hospitals. sustainable development of Gaza, as part of the larger national plan to return the State of Palestine to its rightful These projects are not budgeted in the reconstruction political and developmental track. plan but will be critical for a thriving Gaza. 18 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
t The vision of this Government is a Gaza that is fully integrated into the State of Palestine, politically, socially, and economically, and - through it - with the rest of the world. This vision assumes that local and international movement of goods and people is reliable
onte x and secure via two safe passages and a permanent territorial link, facilitating increased tourism and a thriving private sector. C
the Looking beyond the immediate recovery and reconstruction effort, further priority infrastructure projects will be required to address the public and private deficit that has resulted from the blockade and to catalyze Gaza’s potential to contribute to Palestinian economic growth. Substantial additional investment is required to provide the infrastructural and economic foundation for Gaza – and Palestine - to thrive.
Under this vision, in five years, a reconstructed Gaza will be open for business, fully engaged with the West Bank economy, and SECTION 1 : S etting attracting international investment and tourism. In ten years, Gaza will be a rapidly growing, export-oriented economy, with increased trade and domestic prosperity and reduced aid dependency. 19
1.4 The Private Sector: A Key Role in Economic Revival
Gaza’s businesses have previously been amongst the most productive in Palestine, and its residents have remained dynamic and resilient. Strong opportunities for medium- and long-term growth in Gaza exist in various areas, including the manufacturing, technology, agriculture, tourism, energy, and construction sectors. Gaza enjoys a number of assets and sources of strength, including a substantial young, highly literate, and entrepreneurial labor force, a strategic geographic location in a narrow land corridor between North Africa and the Middle East, coastal assets that could be developed for year-round tourism, and significant, yet-to-be-developed energy resources. Under different conditions, Gaza-based businesses can transform the coastal region and Palestine into a hub for trade of goods and services, servicing markets in Europe and the Middle East.
Palestinian companies will play a key role in the recovery and reconstruction efforts, both as ‘implementers’ of interventions and recipients of assistance if relevant. The Government will provide the proper enabling environment for the private sector to work efficiently. While implementing this Plan, priority will be given to creating favorable conditions for local economic development through the activation of the private sector. The Government will leverage the private sector via Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in infrastructure development. It will seek to put in place an enhanced range of financing and insurance mechanisms for those who invest in Gaza. In addition, it will harmonize West Bank and Gaza laws and provide incentives for investment in Gaza through the introduction of specific initiatives.
While various interventions are planned for the revitalization of the private sector, this objective cannot be achieved without ensuring the removal of the blockade and access and movement restrictions, allowing for normal trade between Gaza and the West Bank, neighboring countries, and world markets. 20 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
SECTION2 PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
11. Preparation of the Plan 22. Guiding Principles 33. Coverage of the Plan 44. Prerequisites for Effective Implementation of the Plan 21 22 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
2.1Preparation of the Plan
This Plan was prepared by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and overseen by the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee. The Committee was formed by the Cabinet of Ministers on 30 July 2014 to oversee the preparation of the Plan for the donor conference in support of reconstruction efforts and budgetary support. It was assisted by a Technical Team composed of representatives of 20 ministries and Government institutions working closely with international organizations, donor countries, and the private sector.
This Plan is based on the Gaza Early Recovery Rapid Needs Assessment, which began on August 14 and was conducted by line ministries in coordination with the Ministry of Planning and Administrative Development (MOPAD). Rapid assessments of damage and recommendations for top priority immediate interventions, as well as broader recovery and rehabilitation interventions, were prepared across the four key sectors, in accordance with the National Development Plan: Social Sector; Infrastructure Sector; Economic Sector; and Governance Sector. The damage assessments utilized a range of methodologies including analysis of satellite imagery, site visits, surveys, and interviews on the ground in Gaza, as required. Given the time limitations faced in developing the plans, both the damage valuation and the financing requirements are best estimates, based on the information available at this time.
PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION AND SECTION RECOVERY FOR 2 : PLANNING This Plan also draws upon preliminary needs assessments and response planning by the World Bank and UN agencies, including the Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) that was conducted on August 13, 18, and 19 by the UN OCHA and Government ministries in Gaza. The Plan’s analysis of existing needs prior to the July/August assault is based on previous studies produced by the Government, the World Bank, and UN agencies .
These assessments are rapid examinations of the challenges faced by residents of Gaza. Further ongoing and planned full-scope assessments will feed the Government’s detailed work planning for the interventions described in this Plan. These assessments include an infrastructure damage assessment by UNDP/PAPP and the Government and a Detailed Needs Assessment (DNA) by the European Union, the World Bank, and UNDP/PAPP.
2.2 Guiding Principles
The Plan is guided by a set of principles that intend to maximize its effectiveness and draw on lessons learned from the previous recovery and reconstruction planning and implementation:
• Linking recovery plans to Palestine’s National Development Plan: Gaza is an integral part of the Palestinian economy and the Palestinian state. The recovery and reconstruction efforts under this Plan are entirely consistent with national development objectives, which serve to promote coherence in resource allocation, planning and implementation. The implementation mechanism for Gaza reconstruction will be synchronized with the implementation mechanisms for Palestine’s broader economic development plans, as laid out in the National Development Plan. To maximize impact and harmonize efforts of a broad range of actors, the Plan will be implemented on the basis of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co- operation: ownership, focus on results, inclusive partnerships, as well as transparency and accountability.
• Government-led with broad-based participation: The National Consensus Government is leading the planning, execution, and monitoring of the Plan, in cooperation with international and local partners. The Government is already coordinating immediate response to urgent needs in Gaza with international agencies through the Inter-Cluster Coordination System and under the framework of its Bridging to Recovery Initiative. The Government will continue to coordinate efforts of all stakeholders in the early recovery process to avoid duplication of efforts and identify gaps and optimize the use of resources available for sustainable recovery and development. During the implementation process, the people and businesses of Gaza and Palestine will be at the center of early recovery and reconstruction efforts.
• Using the plan for economic and private sector revitalization: The Plan aims to rebuild local production capacity. A priority has been given to creating favorable conditions for local economic development through the activation of the private sector. The plan aims to create additional temporary and permanent jobs and secure a key role for Palestinian 23
companies in the implementation efforts of recovery and reconstruction. In this sense, the private sector and a wide range of civil society organizations are expected to be mobilized as both recipients of assistance and ‘implementers’ of early recovery and reconstruction interventions.
• Prioritizing accountability and efficiency in execution: The Plan’s development and design pays particular attention to the need for rapid implementation and strong accountability mechanisms. Government bodies, private sector representatives, and donors will be held responsible for delivery in their key respective areas through a clear, transparent implementation roadmap that forms the basis of a performance management framework by the Government.
• Focusing on most vulnerable demographic segments: The Plan focuses on and pays special attention to members of society who are most vulnerable, notably:
• Women: As primary care givers, many women in Gaza are struggling to manage large families, particularly if displaced. There are more female-headed households, due to the death or disabling of male relatives. Pregnant and lactating women have reduced access to health care. Women and girls in shelters struggle to maintain cultural norms of privacy. There is evidence of increased gender-based violence. • Children: Unacceptable numbers of children were killed (over 23 percent of total casualties) and injured (33 percent of total injuries). Over 1,500 children lost one or both parents, while hundreds of thousands need psychosocial support. Children are also vulnerable to increased violence and abuse and ERWs. • Persons with disabilities: An estimated 1,000 people are newly disabled. Disabled residents of Gaza face a myriad of urgent challenges, including access restrictions due to widespread destruction and loss of special aids, medicines, and service provision (following the destruction of the only rehabilitation facility). Shelters are not handicapped suited. • Elderly: Many older residents in Gaza already have physical and mental vulnerabilities, are dependent on now- limited health services, and are less able to cope in damaged housing or shelters. Experiences of multiple hostilities and displacements increases psychosocial needs. • Internally Displaced Person (IDP): The internally displaced are a newly vulnerable population, particularly those who lost all their assets when their houses were destroyed. There are still 110,000 IDPs, sheltering in schools and with host families. IDPs struggle with inadequate access to basic services, overcrowding, food insecurity, psychosocial needs, and health concerns. Host families, extended communities, and supporting agencies are under strain.
This Plan details interventions under all four sectors that are designed to protect these groups, including expanded social protection, provision of health and psychosocial support, strengthened crisis preparedness, ERW clearance, and targeted availability of legal aid. 24 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
2.3 Coverage of the Plan
This Plan was developed with the intention to transition from relief efforts to longer-term development needs in Gaza. As a result, it combines critical relief, recovery, and reconstruction needs in order to lay the foundations for long term development.
In its approach the Plan has identified three phases of interventions to respond to the complex, large-scale needs of Gaza and its population: relief, early recovery, and reconstruction.
The immediate focus will be on the continuation of relief efforts already initiated by public and international agencies, especially for IDPs, as well as initiating early recovery interventions. Within a timeframe of six months from the Conference, the plan anticipates the launch of reconstruction efforts. This, however, is contingent on a border regime that reconnects Gaza to the outside world and allows for access of required materials and specialized personnel.
2.3.1 Relief
Timeframe: Immediate – Month 6 PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION AND SECTION RECOVERY FOR 2 : PLANNING Israel’s assault has created a complex humanitarian emergency situation that has required an immediate response in order to save lives and prevent severe harm to the population in Gaza. Some of these humanitarian interventions, in particular for IDPs, will need to be sustained over the coming months. These relief interventions focus predominantly on such needs as access to clean water and food, provision of shelter, as well as social protection for those whose homes were destroyed. Many of these interventions are being implemented through the Gaza Crisis Appeal, which was jointly issued by the UN and the Government.
2.3.2 Early Recovery
Timeframe: Month 1 – Month 12
Early recovery is a multi-dimensional process that aims at stabilizing living conditions and preparing the foundations for longer-term reconstruction and development by supporting and generating self-sustaining processes for post-crisis recovery, planning, and financing. Among other things, early recovery interventions will aim to restore delivery of basic services (health, education, social programs, water, electricity, telecommunications); reduce additional risk and vulnerability; remove ERWs; begin to restore livelihoods and shelter (ensure safe and secure environments); and support the return of IDPs. In parallel with this, the Government will work towards strengthening governance functions. 25
2.3.3 Reconstruction Bridging to Recovery Initiative
Timeframe: Month 6 – Ongoing The Government believes that recovery must start immediately, alongside immediate relief activities Beyond the first two response phases, the Plan comprises implemented by ministries and humanitarian agencies, a major reconstruction effort across all sectors in order so that the people in Gaza can take an active – not passive to restore Gaza to “normalcy.” Services and infrastructure – role in rebuilding their lives, homes, and livelihoods. in Gaza are largely non-functional, due to the massive Therefore, in advance of the donors’ conference, the destruction of public and private infrastructure. It is thus Government is moving forward with implementing crucial to initiate reconstruction activities as early as priority early recovery interventions, as part of the first possible. Recognizing this, the Plan identifies time-sensitive phase of the Gaza Early Recovery and Reconstruction reconstruction interventions that must be dealt with rapidly Plan. These selected interventions are designed to: and fully, and which will be given top priority during the 1. Increase availability of basic services in Gaza; early reconstruction phases. 2. Provide temporary housing solutions and facilitate IDPs to return home as soon as possible; and The entire reconstruction effort will be underpinned by the 3. Relieve financial stress and enable the private sector aspiration to “build back better.” A mere rebuilding of the to participate in recovery and reconstruction. status quo or filling gaps left by the assault will not suffice. The interventions are a bridge from humanitarian crisis to In this sense, the reconstruction provides an opportunity to early recovery. Through these actions, the Government is revisit the needs of Gaza residents as they stand today, not operationalizing its core strategy for Gaza’s recovery: caring as they stood yesterday. We must set our aims on ensuring for its citizens, rebuilding its infrastructure, revitalizing its conditions for lasting prosperity and wellbeing and creating economy, and strengthening its governance. an enabling environment for their enterprise and industry to flourish, and for people to live in dignity. We must also ensure The Shelter Assistance Package launched by the Government, UNRWA, and UNDP was the first Bridging that the reconstruction directly addresses key restraints to to Recovery intervention. At the time of writing, the Gaza’s growth and some of the impending crises. Government was working with the private sector to identify priority interventions for implementation.
Donor conference
Relief
Early Recovery
Reconstruction
Bridging to Recovery Transition into long-term development 26 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
2.4 Prerequisites for Effective Implementation of the Plan
The success of the plan and the achievement of its objectives depend on several factors. However, based on past experiences, there are three main factors which will determine the success of the plan:
• Unrestricted movement and access of goods and people; • Availability of sufficient and appropriate funding that can be rapidly deployed on the ground to meet the Plan’s activities; and • Effective ownership and leadership by the Palestinian Government and coordination with its partners to ensure that all efforts and operations are efficient and have maximum impact in the shortest possible time.
The Plan calls for joint commitment between the Government and its partners to ensure that such conditions are met.
2.4.1 A New Arrangement for Movement and Access
Movement and access is essential to the recovery, reconstruction and development of the economy, improvements in people’s living conditions, and revival of the private sector. As result, the blockade must be lifted and crossings must be opened and PLANNING FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION AND SECTION RECOVERY FOR 2 : PLANNING operated effectively to allow for movement of goods and people from and into Gaza.
The issues that will need to be addressed include: Gaza crossings with Israel; access and movement between the West Bank and Gaza; removal of access restrictions to lands near the Green Line in Gaza and the territorial waters; a bilateral Palestinian-Egyptian crossing at Rafah; and commercial seaport and airport in Gaza. 27
Beyond the right of Palestinians to have the free movement laid out in international law and agreements, unrestricted access and movement is essential to the swift, efficient, and effective implementation of this Plan. The importance of this prerequisite is underlined by the year-long delay of key interventions of the 2009 Recovery and Reconstruction Plan by an Israeli regime of entry restrictions, clearance requirements for construction materials and equipment, and approval processes. A continuation of the current restrictions would significantly impede the progress – and impact – of the interventions described in this Plan. The UN estimates that, if current restrictions on the entry of materials persist, it will take over 18 years to reconstruct the destroyed housing units alone. This would be catastrophic for Gaza.
As a result, this Plan calls for the swift entry of all required construction materials and commodities. The Government welcomes the new UN proposal for facilitating imports for private and government projects as a positive step. But the easing of the restrictions is insufficient. The permitting, review, and control regime must be completely removed as an obstacle to both the reconstruction efforts required to ensure basic service provision as well as the ability of the Gaza economy to generate income, jobs, and opportunities for the population.
2.4.2 Sufficient and Rapidly Disbursed Funding
At $4 billion, the total cost required for the recovery and reconstruction is three times the estimated cost after the 2008 assault and equivalent to a third of the total GDP for the West Bank and Gaza combined.
The Government faces a challenging fiscal position, resulting first and foremost from the ongoing Israeli occupation and restrictions on movement and access and the Palestinian economy in general. The unprecedented level of damage of the latest assault requires an unprecedented level of financial support. Although the Government will strive to contribute its own financial resources, its constrained fiscal position means that it has no option but to look to local, regional, and international partners to provide the necessary financial support for recovery and rehabilitation to be completed. It will be essential that this can be disbursed quickly and efficiently and in line with the Government’s priorities, such that support, services, and infrastructure can be delivered as quickly as possible to the people and businesses of Gaza.
In line with the principle of Government ownership of the strategy and its implementation, and global commitments on aid and development effectiveness, this Plan calls on donors to maximize utilization of national systems. Such an approach will enable a more coherent, programmatic, and long-term approach to development, and lead to much greater Palestinian ownership of the process.
2.4.3 Government Leadership and Effective Co-ordination
This Plan targets all sectors, geographic areas, and institutions affected by the assault. The enormous scale of the damage, the breadth and scope of activities required, and the number of stakeholders involved means that effective management and co- ordination of the Plan’s implementation and financing will be critical to reaching targeted goals.
In line with the guiding principles outlined above, the responsibility for overall implementation, coordination, and oversight of the early recovery and reconstruction process will rest with the Government. However, the implementation of the Plan will involve all key ministries and Government bodies, working across all levels of Government and in close cooperation with numerous partners, including national development agencies, local and international NGOs, and the private sector.
The Government will lead the coordination of all stakeholder efforts in order to avoid duplication of efforts, identify gaps, and optimize the use of resources available, as detailed in Section 5. 28 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
SECTION3 GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS
Conducted in the immediate aftermath of the assault, the preliminary assessment found an unprecedented scale of destruction. All geographic areas of Gaza were affected by the conflict and witnessed aerial bombardment, naval shelling, or artillery fire. Some 44 percent of Gaza was designated by the Israeli military as a buffer zone, from the fenced border with Israel towards the west and in northern Gaza. Due to its densely populated and largely urban environment, all people in Gaza were exposed to the conflict and suffered from damages to vital infrastructure.
Since Gaza was already facing serious humanitarian and developmental challenges, this Plan provides a contextual description of the needs existing before the July/August assault (where relevant), followed by a description of the losses created by the assault.
11. Social Sector 22. Infrastructure Sector 33. Economic Sector 44. Governance Sector 29 30 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
2009 - 2014 Density Comparison of destroyed and severely damaged structures in gaza GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS AND DAMAGES OF ASSESSMENT RAPID GAZA SECTION 3 : 31
3.1 Social Sector
Seven weeks of bombardment, seven years of blockade, and 25 years of movement restrictions have taken their toll on Palestinians living in Gaza. Social services, including health and education, are overstretched by historical weaknesses and new losses. Poverty, food insecurity, and social vulnerability have rocketed as a result of the mass displacement and destruction of the population. Many households in Gaza can no longer live without external assistance, putting additional pressure on the social protection system.
3.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety Nets
Prior to the Assault
Decades of border restrictions and repeated assaults have destroyed livelihood opportunities and left most families in Gaza highly vulnerable to further shocks. Eighty percent of people in Gaza depend on social assistance, while social transfers (both cash and in-kind) have become an important source of income for the majority of households, accounting for approximately 16 percent of total household consumption overall and 31 percent among the poorest households prior to the assault. Some 72 percent of people were either food insecure or vulnerable to food insecurity, even when taking into account UN food distributions to almost 1.1 million people. For as long as the closure continues, levels of food insecurity will remain high.
Impact of the Assault
Gaza families have shown marked resilience to these stresses, drawing upon their extended community networks to provide informal safety nets. However, the aftermath of this assault will strain those remarkable networks, as food prices soar, new families fall into poverty, and others are pushed further down. Greater food insecurity now exists, exacerbated by massive displacement, destruction in the agriculture/fishery sector, lack of cooking gas, fuel, and cooking utensils, and limited access to water.
Thousands of households have lost income sources (due to the death, disabling, or unemployment of workers) and homes (with tens of thousands of houses destroyed or damaged). Some 1,500 children have lost one or both parents. Over 1,000 newly injured people will be permanently disabled, creating greater social and financial responsibility on their family and social safety nets. Psychosocial trauma is widespread, making recovering from loss a longer process for all, particularly children, bereaved families, and inhabitants of the most impacted neighborhoods. 32 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
3.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-Being
Prior to the Assault
Even before the latest assault, health services in Gaza were strained by a rapidly increasing population, financial constraints, and scarcity of medical supplies. Medical equipment experienced frequent breakdowns caused by power interruptions and water impurities, among other factors. Most existing health facilities were in need of rehabilitation and upgrading in order to ensure quality services and meet the needs of a growing population.
Impact of the Assault
Over half of Gaza’s hospitals and clinics are affected. Fifteen of 32 hospitals are damaged, with three of them closed. Forty- five of 97 primary health care clinics in Gaza are damaged (with four completely destroyed) and 17 are closed, along with two psychiatric clinics and the only rehabilitation center in Gaza. Twenty-five ambulances were destroyed or damaged. Health GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS AND DAMAGES OF ASSESSMENT RAPID GAZA workers have also suffered seriously: 23 have died and 83 were injured during attacks on ambulances and hospitals.
The current crisis has illuminated the dramatic SECTION 3 : effects of the massive shortage in the availability of medical supplies and services. In the aftermath of the assault, health services will be in exponentially greater demand, resulting from the large number of injuries, increased public health risks, and massive psychological trauma.
Details of the losses suffered by private and NGO health facilities are not yet known (apart from the destruction of Al-Wafa Hospital, the only rehabilitation hospital in Gaza, counted above), but high reconstruction and re-equipping costs are assumed.
Given the high number of children injured and the relative youth of Gaza residents, the cumulative psychological and physical impact of this and previous assaults represents a serious and long-term responsibility for the health system. Newly injured patients were released prematurely to relieve pressure on hospital services and will require follow-up and further treatment. Over 40,000 pregnant women cannot access antenatal care, which puts their unborn children at risk. The UN estimates that 373,000 children will need direct and specialized psychological counseling, while all students will require some form of psychological assistance.
3.1.3 Education
Prior to the Assault
Education in Gaza has long been characterized by overcrowding and unsafe conditions (approximately 37.3 students per class). The 2008 assault resulted in 217 schools and 60 kindergartens being damaged, including 18 facilities damaged beyond repair: the ongoing blockade has prevented the urgently needed reconstruction of damaged schools and construction of new ones. The annual increase of students in Gaza is nearly four percent (approximately 10,000 new students) and 79 percent of Governmental schools and 88 percent of UNRWA schools operate on a double shift system. In 2012, the UN found that 200 additional schools were needed and another 190 schools would be needed by 2020.
Impact of the Assault
The Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MOEHE) started the school year on September 14, three weeks later than the scheduled August 24. However, damage is widespread and severe in the primary and secondary education sector across 33
government and UNRWA systems: 26 schools were destroyed, 122 schools were damaged, and a further 113 schools were used as shelters for IDPs. In total, over 559,000 students have been affected by damage to Gaza’s schools and universities. Damage was greatest in the Gaza governorate, particularly in the east, where nine schools were destroyed and 39 damaged.
Damage was also significant in pre-school, private, and higher education facilities, although detailed assessments are not yet complete. Half of all universities in Gaza are damaged, including Al Aqsa University, Palestine Technical College, the Technology and Science University, and Islamic University.
The impact on students will be long-term and will result in further over-crowding and potentially irregular schedules for Government and UN students, who may have to travel further – and at greater cost – to alternate schools. Damaged facilities are likely to require three to ten months for reconstruction or rehabilitation. Over 56,000 IDPs remain sheltering in 41 UNRWA schools and two government schools.
Educational resources, technologies, supplies, and hygiene facilities were damaged or destroyed on a large-scale, particularly following the destruction of the MOEHE warehouse: replacing them will be complicated by shortages of fuel and materials, leading to sharp increase in educational costs. Families of students who have lost their houses would need support in order to ensure the availability of school uniforms and stationary for their children. Psychosocial support of affected students will also be essential.
3.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based Institutions
Prior to the Assault
Civil society organizations (CSO) have long had a strong presence in Palestine. CSOs have played a key role in service delivery – especially in the health sector.
Impact of the Assault
Full details of the damages inflicted on the civil society in Gaza are not yet available, although an estimated 222 social protection organizations and charities were damaged.
Places of worship were also damaged, including a number of historical significance. In total, 296 mosques were affected (with 73 completely destroyed), three churches were damaged, and 10 cemeteries were damaged. 34 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
3.2 Infrastructure
Residents of Gaza are struggling to cope without secure supplies of water, sanitation, and power. Nearly half a million people were displaced by danger or housing loss. Around 110,000 people will remain displaced long-term. The implications of the damage left by the July/August assault are vast, in financial cost, human suffering, and public health. However, the scale of the damage also brings attention to the chronic vulnerabilities of infrastructure in Gaza. As numerous UN reports have highlighted, the water, sanitation, and energy sectors are close to failure, potentially making Gaza an unlivable place by as soon as 2020.
3.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of War
Impact of the Assault
GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS AND DAMAGES OF ASSESSMENT RAPID GAZA The Israeli military shelled and bombarded Gaza for seven weeks from sea, air, and land. Over 2.5 million tons of rubble are spread across Gaza, particularly in areas that experienced the heaviest bombardment, such as Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahia and Shujaiyeh (Gaza City), Khuza’a, and Rafah. SECTION 3 : An estimated 20,000 tons of explosives were fired by the Israeli military: some 5,000 ERWs have yet to be secured, according to the UN. As a result, ERWs currently pose a major threat to children, farmers, IDPs returning home, reconstruction workers, and humanitarian workers. UNMAS estimates that 713,000 Gaza residents could be affected and that children are at greatest risk, with an estimated 450,000 in danger of accidentally triggering an ERW. Well-placed concerns about ERWs are likely to deter IDPs from returning to their homes, if still standing. Rubble clearance will also be complicated by hidden ERWs.
The Police Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit in Gaza has already identified probable location of ERWs and begun removing and disarming ERWs, when possible. In Khan Younis alone, 1,800 disabling and destroying missions took place during the assault. The EOD Unit continued working throughout the assault, without specialized tools or safety equipment: four EOD staff (including the unit head) were killed, along with two journalists, in August while attempting to disarm an ERW.
3.2.2 Energy
Prior to the Assault
Gaza was suffering from an electricity deficit prior to the July/August assault, as a result of fuel scarcity, inadequate infrastructure, power leakage, limited financial resources, and impediments on sector development caused by Israeli occupation and restrictions. With the power supply at 200MW of the required 450MW prior to the assault, daily power cuts were normal (lasting as long as 16 hours in certain areas), restricting private sector operation and affecting the provision of essential services such as water supply, sewage treatment and removal, and the functioning of health services. Upgrades to the network, improved fuel resources, and additional power lines were already critically needed to meet current needs alone. Yet, without strategic interventions to create sustainable capacity growth, the energy crisis will continue: by 2020, Gaza’s energy supply will have to at least double to meet demand. 35
Impact of the Assault
Less than 30 percent of electricity demand is now being met. Damaged assets include the main storage warehouse, network structures, the north Gaza substation, and the only local electricity power plant. The Gaza Power Plant’s fuel treatment and storage facilities were completely destroyed. In addition, only 10 percent of the electricity received is utilized due to the extensive damage sustained by the internal distribution network. For instance, severe network damage means that, in eastern Gaza City, Beit Hanoun, Khuza’a and eastern of Rafah, the majority of households there are not likely to receive electricity.
3.2.3 Water and Waste Water
Prior to the Assault
The water and waste water sectors were at crisis point prior to the assault. Gaza relies almost completely on its coastal aquifer, which is being over-abstracted and infiltrated by sewage, pollution, and sea-water. The aquifer could become unusable as early as 2016 and only seven percent of operating water wells produce potable water according to WHO standards. In general, only 10 percent of water in Gaza is now potable. Although the water network coverage is almost universal, its distribution efficiency was down to 55 percent. As a result, access to clean water was already limited, with average consumption at 70-90 percent of the global WHO daily standard.
Impact of the Assault
The attacks severely impacted the water, sanitation and hygiene sectors, leaving at least 450,000 people vulnerable to serious public health risks. Primary water pipelines, water reservoirs, house connections, sewage pipelines, wastewater treatment plants, and sewage pumping stations were directly targeted and damaged. Well pumping stations, the waste water treatment plants, and the desalination process are now disabled by electricity and fuel shortages. Between 20 and 30 percent of water and sewage networks remain damaged, mostly in Khan Younis, and 12 percent of wells were destroyed or damaged, mostly in Gaza City, Beit Hanoun, and Deir Al-Balah.
Around 90 percent of water (and sanitation) facilities rely on electric power for pumping water to the population. Water provision is now cut or severely restricted, with residents of North Gaza and Khan Younis most affected. Between 30 to 50 percent of household water storage capacity was damaged and many households lack the electricity or pumps to fill water storage when water is available. Despite rapid repair by the Coastal Water Management Utility (CWMU) of 80 percent of priority repairs to infrastructure, between 20 to 30 percent (450,000 people) are unable to access municipal water. Costs of desalinated and tinkered water have increased, further limiting access to water for vulnerable families and creating financial stress for the larger population, which was already dependent on private water vendors prior to the assault.
Sanitation is also a priority: services are damaged and the massive number of IDPs are overwhelming the public shelters or their shared accommodations. This represents a serious imminent public health risk, with infectious diseases reportedly on the rise, particularly amongst IDPs. Only 50 percent of wastewater is treated and is flowing into the sea and streets or mixing with water, posing a severe environmental and public health threat. Although solid waste services are functioning in most areas, collection is infrequent and residents are dumping waste within their communities. Lack of spare parts and fuel for operation and maintenance are likely to cause further service disruptions. 36 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
3.2.4 Shelter and Housing Prior to the Assault
Gaza was already facing a housing shortage of over 75,000 units, as a result of a rapidly growing and young population, import restrictions on construction materials, and significant damage and destruction during previous assaults.
Impact of the Assault
Further severe stress was caused by the July/August assault, which affected around 60,000 housing units (or 18 percent of Gaza’s housing stock). Around 20,000 housing units were totally destroyed or severely damaged. A further 40,000 housing units were partially damaged, impacting a further 260,000 people.
One in four Gaza residents were displaced by the Israeli bombardment, forced into public shelters or shared accommodation: of that number, over 68 percent were displaced by housing damage. Weeks after the ceasefire, as this report goes to print, some GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS AND DAMAGES OF ASSESSMENT RAPID GAZA 110,000 IDPs remain in public shelters or with host families.
Type of damage Destroyed Severe Damage Partial damage Total Units SECTION 3 : Description Totally destroyed houses, beyond Severe damages in essential Major or minor damages in repair. Need demolition and parts of house. Uninhabitable part of house. House can be reconstruction. until major rehabilitation work inhabited but needs repairs is undertaken. North Gaza 2,300 2,300 8,000 12,600 Gaza 2,900 2,900 15,000 20,800 Middle Gaza 1,500 1,500 6,000 9,000 Khan Younis 2,000 2,000 7,000 11,000 Rafah 1,300 1,300 4,000 6,600 Total 10,000 10,000 40,000 60,000
3.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure Impact of the Assault
The impact of the July/August assault was universal on public infrastructure. Municipalities, central government authorities, and UNRWA report destruction and damage to facilities, and critical operational infrastructure and equipment. In total, 78 public buildings were destroyed, adding to the 28 public buildings destroyed in previous assaults.
3.2.6 Border Crossings
The 2006 Access and Movement Agreement (AMA) identified six border crossings for commercial and traveler use, as well as the international airport and commercial seaport. Currently, only three border crossings are functional, with minimal movement allowed across all three. Other crossings and access (including the safe passage to the West Bank) are not open, and their facilities range from being under-developed, damaged, deteriorated, or destroyed. This non-compliance with the AMA has suppressed economic growth and effectively imprisoned 1.8 million people.
3.2.7 Roads Impact of the Assault
The municipal road networks suffered the most damage. One in every two kilometers of regional roads in Gaza were already unpaved or damaged, as a result of damage in previous Israeli incursions or because rehabilitation was hindered by the blockade. Further damage to roads during the assault impeded rapid response and civilian evacuation and continues to constrain provision of basic and critical services. Khan Younis, Gaza, and North Gaza experienced the greatest road damage respectively. 37
3.3 Economic Sector
The private sector in Gaza has undergone more than a decade of strife since 2000. The nearly complete halt in imports to and exports from Gaza after 2007 resulted in a dramatic drop in manufacturing and agricultural outputs, as most items essential to private sector revitalization remain on banned lists and are inaccessible.
Although the blockade was slightly eased in 2010 to allow imports of consumer goods and construction materials for donor funded projects, restrictions on imports of construction and raw materials to the private sector are still fully in place; similarly, exports to the West Bank and Israeli markets, which traditionally absorbed around 85 percent of Gaza’s exports, are still restricted. Combined with the destruction of the tunnels that were the only other unofficial supply line for Gaza (enabling an estimated $700 million annual trade), the blockade has effectively suffocated the economy. Significantly, engagement in innovative and business-upgrading activities has dropped among Palestinian firms in recent years, driven primarily by diminished levels of activity among Gaza firms.
The most recent assault has been a further, severe shock. Thousands of factories and commercial establishments are damaged or destroyed and the agricultural and fishing industries are in ruins. Unemployment, which was already at unacceptably high levels, has been exacerbated. Sustainable recovery will require significant efforts to generate private sector-led growth.
3.3.1 Agriculture and Fishing
Prior to the Assault
Since the 1990s, agriculture in Gaza has been in a steady and serious decline. While Israeli military restrictions on access and movement have been destructive in all economic sectors, the agricultural sector has been one of the worst hit. Seventeen percent of Gaza is largely off-limits, including 35 percent of its agricultural land, while more than 3,000 fishermen do not have access to 85 percent of the maritime areas agreed in the 1995 Oslo Accords. As a result, fewer crops are now grown and the fish catch has decreased dramatically. Overall, land and sea restrictions affect 178,000 people, 12 percent of Gaza residents, and result in annual estimated losses of almost $80 million from agricultural production and fishing. 38 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
Impact of the Assault
The agricultural sector was directly targeted by during the July/August assault: 30 percent of agricultural land was damaged. Much of the best agricultural land was part of the operational area of the Israeli military and is assumed to be contaminated by ERWs. These will need to be cleared before farmers can be confident of working their land safely.
An estimated 40 percent of livestock died: half the poultry stock and hundreds of sheep and cows perished in the bombardment or from lack of feed and water, when owners could not access their farms. A large number of the irrigation wells, irrigation systems, greenhouses, productive trees, post-harvest facilities, and agricultural equipment were also targeted and destroyed. The areas most affected in the agricultural sector are Khan Younis, followed by Rafah, Gaza, North Gaza, and Middle Gaza.
The fishery sector was also greatly affected: fishermen could not access the sea for the duration for the assault and many boats were destroyed. In the first month of the assault, nine percent of the annual catch was lost, impacting the already limited, protein-low Gaza diet. GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS AND DAMAGES OF ASSESSMENT RAPID GAZA
SECTION 3 : 3.3.2 Industry and Manufacturing
Prior to the Assault
The industrial sector in Gaza is mainly comprised of small and medium sized firms representing 94 percent of the total industrial enterprises in Gaza. Over 50 percent of enterprises across the industrial, furniture, garment, textile, and agribusiness sectors were closed over recent years due to a combination of physical damage inflicted by the conflicts and deteriorating market conditions caused by trade restrictions. The Palestinian Federation of Industries (PFI) reports that the number of industrial workers dropped from 350,000 in 2005 to less than 15,000 in mid-2013, which is a strong indication of the shrinking industrial base in Gaza. Electricity has become the top binding constraint reported by Palestinian firms in Gaza, second only to political instability. The blockade halted Gaza’s exports, virtually ending the operations of key export sectors: the number of truckloads that currently exit Gaza is less than four percent of the pre-blockade 2006 rate and one percent of the 2000 rate, averaging one truck only every two days in 2013 and 2014.
Impact of the Assault
Gaza’s weakened industrial firms suffered both direct and indirect losses as a result of the assault. In total, 990 industrial enterprises were impacted: 297 factories and workshops were destroyed and 693 were partially damaged. The construction industry suffered the biggest losses, making up 28 percent of damaged industries, while the greatest concentration of damage was in Gaza City, where 68 percent of the damaged industries were located. Many industrial facilities had to suspend their production because of power and fuel shortages. In turn, the closure of facilities and suspension of production resulted in dismissal of workers because firms were unable to pay wages.
Although companies in the Gaza Industrial Estate (GIE) were not directly targeted, infrastructure at the GIE was damaged, restricting the operations of firms within the estate even after the assault. 39
3.3.3 Trade and Services
Prior to the Assault
Trade activities in Gaza are extremely difficult under strict Israeli measures and full control over the crossings. This has deprived firms of access to West Bank and international markets. The internal trade sector in Gaza is mainly comprised of micro and small enterprises representing 99 percent of the total commercial enterprises. The trade sector is well connected with agriculture and manufacturing. Without a scale up in these sectors, retail and wholesale activities will not be able to flourish.
Israeli movement and access restrictions have limited the telecommunications sector for years, including on the launch of a second Palestinian mobile phone operator, the import of equipment, and the movement of personnel into and out of Gaza.
International tourism has become a moribund industry due to restrictions on entry into Gaza, although domestic (internal) tourism has grown, as Palestinians seek leisure within the confines of the blockaded borders of Gaza. However, this is insufficient to occupy the 15 hotels.
Impact of the Assault
Nearly 4,200 commercial enterprises suffered during the assault: around 1,255 were destroyed and 2,928 were partially damaged. Over 90 percent are small stores.
The scale of damage and destruction to telecommunications (telephony and internet) infrastructure is reported to be significant, with the damage mainly in the fixed line network. Rehabilitation will depend on access to materials from the external market and entrance of specialized personnel into Gaza. The mobile communications network is seriously disrupted in a number of Gaza districts: 225 stations have no power supply and 14 stations were destroyed.
The assault has dealt a further blow to the tourism industry. Many of important sites were damaged during the July/August assault, including three submitted by the Government for addition to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage sites.
Five bank branches were damaged during the bombardment. The degree of indirect losses to the banking sector will become clear as the situation stabilizes and banks determine which customers will be unable to pay back their loans, and the impact of this on total non-performing loans.
3.3.4 Employment and Livelihood
Prior to the Assault
Unemployment was at 45 percent (after a sharp increase from 28 percent following the end of the tunnel trade in mid-2013): nearly 70 percent of young people were unemployed.
Impact of the Assault
While final figures are not yet available about the level of unemployment post-assault, the widespread devastation of the economic sector and the prolonged suspension of work indicate that the rate of unemployment has jumped significantly and will remain higher than the pre-assault rate for a prolonged period. 40 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
3.4 Governance Sector
A functional and unified public administration under the National Consensus Government is pivotal to the success of the recovery and reconstruction plan, to stabilizing Gaza, and to providing services to its citizens. Within the period of this Plan, the Government, in parallel to leading and implementing the recovery and reconstruction effort, will need to assume effective authority and sole governmental responsibilities in Gaza; consolidate authority over ministries and Government agencies and reintegrate them with national institutions; harmonize and rationalize the civil service in Gaza; and gradually assume security responsibilities as part of a comprehensive security sector reform, starting with the assumption of policing responsibilities under the authority of the Government to maintain civic law and order.
The scale of destruction and massive displacement as a result of the Israeli assault could potentially lead to destabilized security, if immediate relief and early recovery are not provided adequately. Accordingly, the first objective in the short-term is to ensure the operations of central and local government institutions for relief, early recovery, and reconstruction of Gaza. Achieving this
GAZA RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES AND NEEDS AND DAMAGES OF ASSESSMENT RAPID GAZA will require a temporary solution for the personnel engaged by the previous de facto authorities post-June 2007 who have not received regular payments for a prolonged period of up to one year. This temporary mechanism will be limited in time and function in parallel to beginning the process of harmonization and rationalization of the civil service, aimed at determining the retention and retraining of existing civil servants who are not currently in active duty and the possible integration of personnel SECTION 3 : who were recruited over the past seven years by the previous de-facto authorities, following the determination of their status.
3.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government Institutions
The consolidation of the public administration under the authority of the National Consensus Government requires a careful examination of available modalities within the existing fiscal limitations of the budget. The civil service employees in Gaza have not been able to assume their responsibilities yet and return to their work. In addition, those employed by the previous de facto authorities after June 2007 have not received regular payments for months, and their status remains undefined. These include some 10,000 personnel in the education and health sectors, who perform vital social services for the population. This is in addition to several thousand civil police officers and members of the security apparatus. This situation is not tenable and threatens the operational capacity of central government institutions to implement early recovery and reconstruction programs.
The consolidation of the public administration and service provision will further be complicated by the immediate impact of the assault, which resulted in the destruction of public buildings, along with government equipment and vehicles.
3.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions
Municipalities are direct providers of essential daily services to their citizens and as such play a key role in recovery and reconstruction efforts.
Municipalities to a large degree depend on revenues for services and municipal fees and taxes. In impoverished Gaza, however, citizens are not able to pay these service fees and taxes. As a result, municipal personnel have not received regular payments for months, and currently only core personnel is reporting to work. While conditions vary slightly between municipalities, the operational capacity of municipalities has been compromised during the most critical period. Especially in the current recovery and reconstruction phase, it is vital that municipalities work at their maximum capacity.
Municipalities have also suffered direct losses. Municipal facilities and equipment have been destroyed and damaged throughout Gaza, though Rafah, Beit Lahia, and Gaza City incurred most of the damages. These damages further undermine the operational capacity of the affected municipalities. 41
3.4.3 Rule of Law and Human Rights
The weeks of shelling and bombardment have compromised rule of law and human rights in Gaza beyond the assault. Law enforcement infrastructure, courts, prosecution departments, and family courts, as well as the only women’s shelter were also destroyed or damaged. The Palestinian Bar Association lost eight of its lawyers.
While enforcement capacities have been weakened, protection needs have increased substantially, including at IDP centers.
Considering the massive loss of lives and property and the corresponding need to find alternative shelter, it is expected that rule of law institutions will be confronted with a strong increase in caseloads related to land, property, and housing rights, as well as with personal status, heritage, and custody issues.
The disproportional killing of civilians and the massive destruction of civilian infrastructure all point out to serious violations of International Humanitarian Law by Israel. Human rights organizations based in Gaza and the West Bank have mobilized their resources and are cooperating in documenting and investigating violations of International Humanitarian Law. These activities are vital for ensuring accountability and need to be conducted at the very early stage, at times ahead of the removal of rubble and other damages.
3.4.4 Implementation and Coordination
As noted above, widespread destruction and government transitions have impacted the capacity and resources of the Government. There is a need to upgrade the operational capacity of central government institutions to implement this Plan. 42 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
SECTION4 RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERVENTIONS
Relief activities are already underway to respond to humanitarian needs and increase availability of essential services. The interventions outlined below build upon ongoing and planned relief activities and are designed to be an effective bridge between current critical needs and a more sustainable response to new and chronic needs in Gaza. This is particularly important because of the decline in the quality of services and economic conditions before the July/August assault.
In order to address the needs of people in Gaza in an integrated and coordinated way, priority interventions must ensure that sectoral and sub-sectoral needs are considered in relation to each other. Interventions in one sector will reinforce those in others. For example, an improved supply of energy will increase availability of water and sanitation services, improving living conditions (particularly for IDPs), reducing public health risks, and protecting the vulnerable (such as women and children). Energy is also critical to reviving the private sector, which will be an important supply and employment resource during recovery and reconstruction. The sequencing and prioritization of recovery and reconstruction activities recommended below is a result of the careful consideration of the various sub- sectors of the Plan.
11. Social Sector 22. Infrastructure Sector 33. Economic Sector 44. Governance Sector 43 44 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.1 Social Sector
Response in the social sector will be quick and significant. Social protection programs are being expanded to accommodate the newly poor and vulnerable. Education and health services will be strengthened to cope with the systemic shocks triggered by the assault and the increased demand on services. SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
4.1.1 Social Protection and Social Safety Nets
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total $230m $8m $80m $317m
Tens of thousands of families are struggling to cope in the aftermath of destruction, death, and financial loss. Over 30,000 households (around 172,500 individuals) are estimated to have newly fallen into poverty and food insecurity, increasing the already substantial number of people dependent on aid. There is an immediate need to significantly scale up the Government’s existing social protection programs as a result, including:
• Cash Transfer Program for 95,000 households (up from a pre-assault 65,000 household level) • Health insurance coverage for 70,000 households (up from 40,000 household level) • Regular food assistance (through WFP) for 55,000 households (up from 25,000 households)
These scaled up programs are expected to last up to two years.
A second exceptional food distribution will be provided to all households not already receiving regular food assistance (estimated to include 730,000 households). Short-term assistance will also be provided to newly displaced and conflict-affected refugee families, including food parcels to IDPs in shelters and non-food items (NFI) to IDPs and refugee families.
Early recovery interventions will seek to create or strengthen longer-term support, including raising awareness of and responding to the emerging needs of refugee women, providing reimbursement of medical and burial expenses, providing new orphans with sponsorship cash allowance, and exempting 140,000 students from school fees (up from 120,000). Child protection systems will be strengthened, including child protection services, helplines, referrals, and resilience building activities, particularly in response to children living in displaced families. 45
Longer-term assistance projects will aim to strengthen vulnerable households (e.g., households headed by women or including the disabled) by supporting income-generating projects and encourage newly disabled people to re-integrate through vocational training and home adaptations.
Protection for women against gender-based violence (GBV) will be increased through multiple interventions, including a rapid assessment, mapping of available services for women and girls, strengthening of protection resources (e.g., safe places, protection committees, and referral pathways), and awareness raising amongst women and their community about GBV and specialized services.
A new assessment of vulnerability in Gaza will also be conducted, based on a survey of household expenditure and consumption.
4.1.2 Health and Psychosocial Well-Being
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total $14m $159m $45m $218m
In the aftermath of the assault, health services are overburdened, under-resourced, and still very much in demand. Interventions must focus on ensuring hospitals, clinics, and other health providers are able to respond, now and in the long-term. Primary health care services are crucial to prevent outbreaks of diseases and – in the relief phase - will be provided to IDPs in shelters, particularly new mothers.
Health facilities will be provided with medication and medical supplies to replenish stocks exhausted during the July/August assault. Eight hospitals, 21 primary health care clinics, two psychiatric clinics and a clinic for the handicapped need repair and re-equipping, following damage to physical infrastructure, equipment, and furniture. Specialized medical equipment also needs repairing or replacing: electromechanical, medical equipment, and spare parts will also be provided, along with 25 ambulances. During the recovery phase, the health system will be strengthened by analyzing and responding to needs in health human resource, health information, medical stocks, non-communicable disease care standards, and emergency preparedness. The cooling chain for vaccines will be restored, with capacity improvements, and provide a new stock of vaccines.
Psychosocial support will also be a key early recovery intervention, including for displaced families, including young girls and elderly people, 100,000 children whose families lost their homes, new widows and women whose household has lost income- earners, GBV survivors, 1,000 newly disabled, 1,500 new orphans, and UNRWA staff who worked during the assault.
Specialized protection mechanisms will be established to serve 60,000 highly vulnerable children with psychosocial services. Schools will also serve as a mechanism for responding to trauma amongst children, including awareness-raising and counselling sessions for school teachers, students, staff, and school safety committees; school-based activities to promote non-violence, child protection, and psycho-social support by teachers and counselors; and psycho-social support to pupils and teachers to improve coping skills.
During the reconstruction phase, five primary health clinics and two rehabilitation centers destroyed during the assault will be reconstructed and equipped. Finally, a comprehensive review of health sector emergency preparedness and response plans will be carried out. 46 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.1.3 Education SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total $1m $45m $75m $121m
With half the Gaza population under 18, education can be used as a primary mechanism for social and psychosocial stabilization throughout Gaza. Schools can provide much needed structure and normalcy for children, who are suffering from direct or indirect trauma. Damage was done across the entire educational spectrum: from pre-schools to universities. There is a massive scale of rebuilding, repairing, and re-equipping that must be done in governmental, UN, private, and NGO schools and universities.
Schools will cater for students with existing or new disabilities (caused during the assault) who either have lost their specialized equipment (e.g., mobility aids or hearing aids) in the assault or have new needs. Emergency education will also be provided to children living in IDP shelters.
As the school year starts, new school supplies (e.g., uniforms, bags, and stationery) are being distributed to students, with a focus on internally displaced students.
To promote educational early recovery, 144 government and UNRWA schools, one private school, three pre-schools, and four universities will be repaired and re-equipped. A further twenty-two governmental schools, two pre-schools, and two university buildings will need to be reconstructed.
Since school capacity was already insufficient in Government and UNRWA schools, reconstruction plans will aim at creating sufficient capacity for both current and future students.
Therefore, reconstruction plans will aim at creating sufficient capacity for both current and future student population. UNRWA will also build transitional schooling facilities for refugees. A number of programs will be introduced to strengthen educational delivery and respond to the aftermath of the assault. 47
4.1.4 Civil Society, Community-Based Organizations, and Faith-Based Institutions
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $4m $41m $45m
Civil society organizations suffered heavily during the assault with over 220 organizations experiencing significant damage. These charities and NGOs will receive a one-time payment to help them re-establish their services to their 180,000 beneficiaries.
Nearly 200 mosques will be rehabilitated and 73 mosques will be reconstructed. Reconstruction will also be undertaken for a range of archaeological and cultural sites.
4.1.5 Summary of Interventions in Social Sector
Interventions & Estimated Costs by Phase
Sub-Sector Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Social • Cash assistance and health • Reimbursement of medical and • Support to permanently disabled insurance for an additional 30,000 burial expenses • Livelihood support to vulnerable newly vulnerable households • Exemptions from tuition fees for households • Food and non-food assistance to students • Strengthening GBV protection IDPs and non-IDPs • Strengthening protection for • Vulnerability assessment (*all to continue for full duration of plan) women and children
Estimated Cost: $230m Estimated Cost: $8m Estimated Cost: $80m Health • Emergency repairs on essential • Restocking of medication and • Reconstruction of destroyed equipment and vehicles medical supplies hospital • Primary health care services for • Rehabilitation of 8 damaged • Reconstruction of 5 destroyed clinics persons in shelters hospitals and 24 clinics • Emergency preparedness • Replacement of medical equipment, spare parts, and 25 ambulances • Restoration of cooling chain for vaccines • Expanded psycho-social support • Improved health services for refugees and children • Health system strengthening
Estimated Cost: $14m Estimated Cost: $159m Estimated Cost: $45m Education • Provision of aids for disabled • Rehabilitation of 145 schools • Rehabilitation of 24 heavily students • Rehabilitation of 4 universities damaged schools and pre-schools • Emergency education in shelters • Rehabilitation of 3 pre-schools • Reconstruction of 2 university • Provision of schooling supplies buildings • Crisis preparedness • Remedial education • Transitional schooling facilities
Estimated Cost: $1m Estimated Cost: $45m Estimated Cost: $75m Civil society • Rehabilitation of damaged NGO • Reconstruction of destroyed NGO infrastructure infrastructure • Support to 222 social protection • Rehabilitation of 196 mosques NGOs with partial damages • Reconstruction of 73 mosques • Rehabilitation of archaeological and cultural sites
Estimated Cost: $4m Estimated Cost: $41 m ESTIMATED SUB-SECTOR $245m $215m $241m COST TOTAL SECTOR COST $701m 48 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.2 Infrastructure Sector
Immediate response, as part of the relief and early recovery effort, is essential to ease individual suffering and increase access to basic services. However, given that Gaza’s infrastructure was already at breaking point prior to the assault, short term fixes cannot evolve into long-term solutions. Equally, the infrastructure reconstruction effort cannot simply be a re-building of pre-existing infrastructure. Instead, reconstruction efforts will be informed by long-term, cross-sector infrastructure planning that will establish effective integrated infrastructure networks as the basis for long-term sustainable social and economic development.
A critical pre-requisite for infrastructure development is access and movement. Even the most urgent need or the most strategic priority cannot be met if the blockade is not ended. Without materials and fuel, networks cannot be mended, houses cannot be built, and a healthy and sustainable future cannot be assured SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
4.2.1 Clearance of Rubble and Explosive Remnants of War
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $20m $14m $34m
Two and a half million tons of rubble need to be removed, the mass clearance can be divided between the early recovery phase and the reconstruction phase. Although it is not suitable for rebuilding, the rubble removed during the reconstruction phase can be reused for road rehabilitation, curbs stones, and road paving. Large chunks of concrete can be reused as wave breakers for the fishing harbor.
Given the high tonnage of munitions used during this assault and the December 2008 assault, there is a significant risk that ERWs will be hidden in the rubble. Activities will include rapid assessments, emergency ERW (and explosive hazards) risk education for civilians and humanitarian actors in highly impacted neighborhoods, as well as the oversight and monitoring of marking, collection, and disposal of ERW by the Police EOD teams as and when the security and political situations allow. Activities would begin in the early recovery phase and continue through the reconstruction phase. 49
4.2.2 Energy
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $32m $153m $185m
A steady and sufficient supply of electricity is essential to Gaza’s recovery. Immediate repairs are needed to the badly damaged grid. A temporary storage facility will be found for electrical equipment, until the construction of a new main storage facility for electrical equipment is completed as part of reconstruction.
An initial repair of the Gaza Power Plant has been completed to allow for its operation. In addition, planned early recovery will see the restoration of the main power lines for supply from Israel and the provision of electrical materials to repair networks. In parallel, the possible expansion of supply of electricity through existing lines from Egypt is being explored. Other potential short- term alternatives are being evaluated, which include a connection to a floating naval power station.
However, the pre-existing energy deficit requires more than an attempt to return to the cost-inefficient status quo. In the long- term, the Government will promote the cost-saving conversion of the Gaza Power Plant to natural gas from industrial diesel by the private sector.
4.2.3 Water and Waste Water
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total $40m $80m $116m $236m
While pressing health risks justify immediate and primary focus on repairs, the water and sanitation sector is facing serious systemic failings that must be addressed to ensure sustainable water sources and sanitation systems in the future. Long-term interventions are essential to enable Gaza’s water and sanitation services to accommodate citizen and environmental demands now and in the future.
Immediate interventions will include the provision of mobile pumps and generators (with spare parts and fuel) for pumping water and wastewater. Access to clean water will be improved through the provision of chlorine to disinfect water. IDPs will receive water for drinking and domestic use through water trucks and bulk water storage units and will have access to new sanitation installations. Water and sanitation support for IDPs will continue through the early recovery phase. 50 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
At the same time, the Palestine Water Authority will upgrade its operational capacity by procuring new machinery, equipment, and vehicles to replace damaged or destroyed assets. Response to this operational need can be both emergency and early recovery, but assistance will begin immediately to support rapid system repairs.
Urgent repairs have been done, including the restoration of the Rafah Waste Water Treatment Plant pipeline to the sea, which stopped partially treated waste water seeping into ground water wells. However, significant numbers of water and sanitation systems, desalination units, wastewater pumping stations, and wastewater treatment plants need repair, as part of the early recovery effort.
Municipal public roads, water and sanitation services, and electrical installations will be repaired to facilitate early recovery and protect public health, particularly of the most vulnerable. Transitional solid waste dumps will be cleared. In a later phase, water wells, networks, and tanks, and sanitation networks will be completely rebuilt, particularly in areas of widespread destruction, including in Beit Hanoun, Jabalia, Shujaiyeh, eastern Rafah, and the eastern Khan Younis villages. Those areas need a complete water and waste water infrastructure solution, which may require a re-design of the networks based on the new population in the area.
During recovery and reconstruction phases, additional supply of potable water will be provided through supply of more water from Israel of up to additional 10 MCM per year. SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
Longer-term responses to the challenges of clean water and sanitation for the people of Gaza must be funded. In light of the current demand for fresh water and the expected growth by some 60 percent over current levels of abstraction from the aquifer, the increase of potable water supply in the short-term and the longer-term through the interventions proposed below are essential to restoring the aquifer. Already the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) recommends ceasing abstraction immediately from the aquifer to avoid irreversible damage and enable its recovery, a process which is expected to take decades.
4.2.4 Shelter and Housing
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total $129m $143m $910m $1,182m
Heavy bombardment of residential areas has damaged or demolished an estimated 60,000 housing units across Gaza, in a sector still trying to recover from previous bombardments and import bans on construction materials. This housing damage displaced one in four people in Gaza: at the time of going to print, over 110,000 people still remain in shelters or with host families. 51
A joint program for early recovery and reconstruction will be implemented by the Government, UNRWA, and UNDP to respond to the needs of refugee and non-refugee families whose houses had been affected by assault. The Government, UNRWA, and the UNDP will conduct joint shelter assessments of damaged and destroyed homes in Gaza to help facilitate a transition period for internally displaced persons.
Support to households is based on the extent of the damages suffered. The 20,000 families whose homes have been destroyed or severely damaged – and therefore are uninhabitable - will receive temporary support measures before their houses can be reconstructed. These include a rental subsidy/host family support package, which will provide each family between $200-250 per month depending on family size for rental. A one-time reintegration cash allowance will also be provided to the families to enable the purchase of necessary NFIs. The Government will increase the currently limited rental capacity in Gaza by finishing 4,000 semi-constructed housing units for use as temporary shelters for IDPs over a two-year period.
Based on an assessment of the value of damages, the 40,000 families whose homes were partially damaged during the assault will receive support of up to $3,000 per household to undertake house repairs.
In the longer-term, the 20,000 destroyed or severely damaged housing units will be rehabilitated or reconstructed by the Government and UNRWA. This will form the largest part of the housing budget, with the reconstruction cost of a unit estimated at $60,000 and repair of severe damage at $25,000.
In addition, the plan also covers 1,000 housing units destroyed that will also be reconstructed and rehabilitated to ease the pre- assault housing deficit.
The planned reconstruction and repair of these housing units is entirely contingent on the availability of construction materials, which – in turn – depends on the complete removal of restrictions on imports to the private sector imposed by Israel, in addition to removing obstacles and delays on the entry of materials to international agencies
4.2.5 Government Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $51m $97m $149m
During the early recovery phase, ministries that were directly affected by the assault will provide temporary buildings and furniture for their employees. The Government will rehabilitate municipality buildings and facilities (e.g., garages, storehouses). UNRWA will repair partially damaged schools, health centers, food distribution centers, and offices.
Destroyed buildings will be reconstructed at a later stage and include UNRWA facilities and 106 public buildings (including 28 buildings destroyed in previous assaults). The Government will also repair recreational sites and lighting/electrical works.
4.2.6 Border Crossings
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $5m $50m $55m
In Gaza, the political and security turmoil has rendered the crossings totally dysfunctional or non-existent. A new arrangement at the crossings between Gaza and Israel and between Gaza and Egypt will be necessary. This Plan provides an overview of key functionalities to be achieved during the post-assault recovery and reconstruction. However, the details and prioritization of interventions at border crossings will be finalized in internationally-mediated negotiations.
Trade facilitation is the paramount driving force in the selection of border crossings. Gaza is and will continue to be dependent on trade with other countries for its economic development. As a result, border crossings must be strategically located. 52 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
Furthermore, special needs of certain products must be considered in locating and constructing border crossings: for instance, agricultural products, aggregates, and pipelines need to have dedicated crossings. Basic equipment and operational costs will be provided during the early recovery phase to facilitate movement through the crossings.
New infrastructure and additional facilities will be constructed for the movement of passengers. In addition to infrastructure development requirements at the crossings, off site infrastructure leading to the crossings will require development, in particular suitable access roads. Capacity development will also be required to ensure the effective and sustained operation of the crossings.
4.2.7 Roads
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - - $70m $70m
Extensive damage of municipal infrastructure is reported across Gaza, with the most damage inflicted in Gaza City, Beit Hanoun, Khuza’a, Bani Suheila, and Beit Lahia. Several roads will be rebuilt during the reconstruction phase, including the Al-Karamah road, the northern part of Salah Ed-Din road, and some municipal roads. SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY 53
4.2.8 Summary of Interventions in Infrastructure Sector
Interventions & Estimated Costs by Phase
Sub-Sector Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Rubble and • Rubble and ERW removal • Rubble and ERW removal ERW • Heavy machinery for MOPWH
Estimated Cost: $20m Estimated Cost: $14m Energy: • Restoration of power lines • Restoring transmission system electricity, fuel, • Equipment for network repair • New storage facility and gas • Alternative temporary electricity generation • New supply line from Israel
Estimated Cost: $32m Estimated Cost: $153m Water, waste • Restoration of temporary water • Restore PWA/CMWU capacity • Restoration of PWA/CMWU water and provision • Continued restoration of capacity sanitation • Water provision to IDPs temporary water provision • Continued rehabilitation of water • Clearance of transitional solid • Continued water provision to IDPs and wastewater infrastructure waste dump sites • Rehabilitation of water and • Procurement of water from Israel wastewater infrastructure (15MCM/year) • Rehabilitation of solid waste disposal capacity
Estimated Cost: $40m Estimated Cost: $80m Estimated Cost: $116m Housing and • Rental subsidy/host family • Temporary shelter solutions for • Reconstruction of houses Shelter support for those with those with uninhabitable housing • Repair of severely damaged uninhabitable housing • Assessment and compensation houses • One-time household items for repair of damaged houses allowance for those with uninhabitable housing
Estimated Cost: $129m Estimated Cost: $143m Estimated Cost: $910m Public • Temporary location and furniture • Reconstruction of 106 public Buildings for affected ministries buildings • Repairs of UNRWA installations • Rehabilitation of lighting • Rehabilitation of recreational sites (parks, sports facilities)
Estimated Cost: $51m Estimated Cost: $97m Roads • Road repair
Estimated Cost: $70m Border • Initial limited operation of • Rehabilitation of border crossings Crossings crossings
Estimated Cost: $5m Estimated Cost: $50m Environment • Environmental damage and hazardous waste management assessment Estimated Cost: $ 1m ESTIMATED SUB-SECTOR $169m $332m $1,411m COST TOTAL SECTOR COST $1.9b 54 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.3 Economic Sector
The private sector has a crucial role to play in Gaza’s early recovery and long-term economic growth. It will be the production and trading source of materials and services needed by Gaza residents to feed and clothe their families, repair their homes, and rebuild their lives. A stronger private sector can also generate more income-generation opportunities, whether through employment in existing companies or industries immediately critical to Gaza’s recovery, including construction and agriculture.
In addition, Gaza has in the past demonstrated a high capacity for manufacturing and agricultural production in sectors such as furniture, textiles, strawberries, and flowers, to name a few. This capacity suggests a great potential for Gaza to serve as a hub for production of high quality goods and specialty services in the Middle East.
Therefore, rebuilding the private sector entails much more than rebuilding factories and farms damaged in recent years, and much more than re-creating former linkages to past markets in traditional sectors. The economy in Gaza must be reconceived to be better placed in responding to world market demands several years from now. This will require investment in a highly skilled, modern work force, the technology and equipment to produce high quality goods and services that command competitive prices, and an up-to-date and ever evolving understanding of the demands of world markets. The private sector must be ready soon to take advantage of the opportunity to serve markets from which it has been effectively banned for many years. SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
4.3.1 Agriculture and Fishing
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $194m $257m $451m
Given the seasonal nature of agricultural production, farmers will need rapid assistance in repairing agricultural land, crops, fruit trees, and livestock to restore their livelihoods and improve agricultural supplies to local markets. This will also be required for fishermen. Detailed assessments will be undertaken to assess damages and understand losses. Compensation for losses is expected to be a first step in early recovery. 55
Thereafter, Government will implement a series of interventions under the umbrella of an Agricultural Support Program (ASP). These interventions will provide assistance to small farmers and households who have been affected by the assault on Gaza, including: 1. Assistance to farmers who own or lease lands that have been affected by the Israeli assaults. Affected farmers will be supported by the provision of financing to procure needed greenhouse materials, water storage and drip irrigation systems, and seed/plant stock. To the extent possible, agricultural inputs should be procured locally to help restore Gaza industries. Repair or replacement of physical infrastructure of the agricultural sector will be needed. 2. Assistance to farmers and households who have lost livestock. ASP will provide financial assistance for these farmers to rehabilitate their livelihood assets; procure livestock and repair their farms. 3. Assistance to fishermen to repair and/or replace their damaged equipment and boats.
ASP will provide an important source of economic security to disadvantaged women and youth.
4.3.2 Industry and Manufacturing
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $75m $284m $359m
The Government will work to support the industrial and manufacturing sector in re- building its capacity and strengthening its future productivity. All industrial firms reporting damages will undergo a damage assessment that will certify the level of losses and eligibility for assistance.
Compensation for production losses will be distributed as a first step in early recovery.
Thereafter the Government will implement a series of interventions under the umbrella of an Industrial Repair Program (IRP). These interventions will rapidly respond to the severe damage to the private sector and help jump-start the production cycle, including in the food and construction sectors. These two industries are particularly critical. The food industry can help provide food security to Gazan citizens, whilst construction firms must be prepared to have an active role in the reconstruction efforts.
To be eligible for assistance, firms will need to show proven track records of production in the past, that they are economically viable, or have the potential to resume operations once equipment or physical infrastructure is restored.
The program will provide financial grants to firms to assist them to:
• Renovate and/or reconstruct destroyed business premises and facilities. Such premises have to be either owned by the applicant or leased for a minimum of one year from the application date. • Repair or replace equipment in damaged factories and firms that have lost their core production equipment. • Acquire office equipment, such as computers, telephones, fax machines, and furniture, to continue their operations.
The implementation approach will stress the importance of job creation not only at the beneficiary level but at the suppliers and service providers end as well. A cost-sharing mechanism by the firms will be encouraged.
The Government is exploring options to support the relocation of destroyed factories to the GIE, pending the immediate repair of damaged infrastructure of the industrial estate. Preliminary analysis suggest that also scope for expanding the GIE by 50 percent to accommodate these relocations. 56 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.3.3 Trade and services
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $130m $77m $207m
Similarly to industrial firms, all trade and services firms reporting damages will undergo a damage assessment that will certify the level of losses and eligibility for assistance.
Compensation for production losses will be distributed as a first step in early recovery.
Thereafter, the Government will implement a series of interventions under the umbrella of a Commercial and Services Rehabilitation Program (CSRP). The CSRP will provide cash grants to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) who have been affected by the assault. Co-ordinated interventions will offer commercial MSMEs (e.g. vendors, and small workshops) cash grants to repair damages in their facilities, replenish their lost stocks, and resume their businesses. The program will also identify damages in the services sector (e.g. hotels, restaurants, and ICT firms) and provide grants to damaged enterprises to repair and furnish their facilities and get back to work. If needed, businesses will then be connected to financial institutions (such as microfinance institutions) that work in Gaza in order to ensure access to finance for future needs. SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY The program will be implemented in a phased approach and payments will be done on installments to ensure that the businesses have actually fulfilled their commitments in terms of repairing their facilities and procured goods and / or productive assets.
4.3.4 Employment and Livelihood
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $62m $7m $69m
Unemployment has increased from the pre-assault 45 percent, as a result of damage to industries and commercial enterprises. Job creation will stimulate early recovery both at the household level and in key private sector areas that can use manpower to rehabilitate and re-activate their industries.
Cash-for-work (CFW) will be a key early recovery initiative, supporting other interventions, including repair and recovery, including rubble removal for temporary housing, infrastructure works related to reconstruction, labor intensive road tiling, digging ditches for water and wastewater pipes, and repairing industrial zones. 57
4.3.5 Facilitating Investment
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $20m $130m $150m
Availability of capital will be critical to the recovery and reconstruction efforts of the private sector. Recognizing the extreme pressure that the assault has placed on private businesses, the Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) has already implemented a scheme for deferral of repayment of existing loans. Looking forward, in addition to providing compensation and assistance to the private sector, the Government, and the PMA will work with the banking sector to put in place appropriate financing mechanisms to enable the private sector to access additional financing for the recovery and reconstruction efforts. Through these mechanisms, the private sector should be able to secure increased access to working capital (for small repairs and restocking of raw materials) as well as long-term capital (for rehabilitation and reconstruction of own capacity, but also for development and delivery of reconstruction projects), at reduced interest rates. Alongside additional financing mechanisms, options for affordable risk insurance for domestic businesses will be explored. These facilities will allow selected businesses to leverage the compensation and assistance they receive to greater effect and at lower risk.
Alongside increased financing, the Government will deliver selected capacity development programs, to strengthen the likelihood of success of reconstruction efforts by the private sector and drive increased profitability. These will include professional training, improvement of management skills, marketing support, and awareness of financing strategies and options.
4.3.6 Summary of Interventions in Economic Sector
Interventions & Estimated Costs by Phase
Sub-Sector Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Agriculture • Detailed assessment of the agriculture sector • Reconstruction of agricultural infrastructure • Compensation for production, livestock and assets and fishing losses • Continued restoration of fruits and crops • Restoration of farm land, fruits, and crops • Continued restoration of livestock economy • Restoration of livestock economy • Continued rehabilitation of fishing equipment • Rehabilitation of fishing equipment Estimated Cost: $194m Estimated Cost: $257m Industry and • Detailed assessment of damaged facilities • Rehabilitation and reconstruction of 990 Manufacturing • Compensation for production losses industrial facilities • Rehabilitation and possible expansion of Gaza Industrial Estate and other industrial zones Estimated Cost: $75m Estimated Cost: $284m Trade and • Detailed assessment of damaged facilities • Reconstruction of some 800 commercial Services • Compensation for losses establishments • Rehabilitation of some 3,400 commercial • Rehabilitation of tourism facilities establishments • Rehabilitation of telecommunication infrastructure Estimated Cost: $130m Estimated Cost: $77m Employment • Cash for work programs in support of • Vocational training opportunities to improve rehabilitation and reconstruction employment opportunities (will remain ongoing for reconstruction period also) Estimated Cost: $62m Estimated Cost: $7m Facilitating • Financing facility for repairs and restarting of • Expanded range of financing facilities for Private operations investment Investment • Expansion of risk guarantees for domestic firms • Capacity building Estimated Cost: $20m Estimated Cost: $130m ESTIMATED SUB-SECTOR $481m $754m COST TOTAL SECTOR COST $1.2b 58 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.4 Governance Sector
The consolidation of the public administration in Gaza is both a means and an end. In the short-term, the implementation of the recovery and reconstruction plan can only be achieved by restoring and maintaining the existing operational capacity of central and local government institutions, under the authority of the Government. These operational capacities are absolutely vital to the implementation of the recovery and reconstruction plan as a whole, and thus constitute an overall recovery foundation.
Within an overall climate of a fragile security situation, stability can be undermined easily. Early recovery and reconstruction will quickly lose traction if a security vacuum is allowed to take hold in Gaza. Preventing a security vacuum will require the maintenance of law and order under the authority of the Government by reintroducing civil police under a unified command.
Maintaining and expanding the operational capacity of the Government will need to go hand in hand with the reconstruction of destroyed and damaged infrastructure for Government institutions. SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
4.4.1 Operational Capacity of Central Government Institutions
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $113m - $113m
To boost existing operational capacities of government institutions in Gaza for recovery and reconstruction, the Government aims at reintegrating existing civil servants, hired before June 2007 into Government institutions, streamlining the civil service, and fully harmonizing these institutions with national institutions.
The National Consensus Government has established a Legal and Administrative Committee to explore options and scenarios for consolidating the civil service and determining the status of the civil personnel engaged by the previous de facto authority in Gaza. This committee was established in early June and originally mandated for four months. Due to the political and security situation in Gaza, the work of the committee has been stalled since early July. A Higher Security Committee will be established by the President that will discuss the options for the security apparatus. 59
The work of these committees will need to explore options for affected personnel, including the options for early retirement, retraining, and job placement in the private sector or with non-governmental service providers. At the same time, the consolidation process needs to take into account the existing civil servants in Gaza who have not been on active duty for the past seven years and might require renewed training and capacity development to fulfill their functions. The consolidation process will need to be guided by available fiscal resources and real needs on the ground in each sector.
The reconsolidation of the public administration, however, will not be completed by harmonizing civil servants in Gaza and the West Bank. Beyond civil servants, the Government will implement an action plan for national institutional reintegration and for harmonizing the administrative legal framework. In doing so, the National Consensus Government will adopt a sequenced approach and prioritize sectors crucial for service delivery, which simultaneously also contain the largest number of personnel.
Reintegrating the rule of law system is important for functional social and economic ties between the West Bank and Gaza. A functioning public administration furthermore requires freedom of movement within the country, which includes the ability to meet in person by traveling between the West Bank and Gaza, which under the Oslo Accords constitute a “single territorial unit”.
The consolidation of the public administration will not only cement the National Consensus Government but will also improve fiscal sustainability and effective service delivery for recovery, reconstruction, and longer-term development. However, this consolidation cannot be implemented overnight and will take several months.
In the meantime, the smooth operation of central government institutions in Gaza needs to be safeguarded. During such a transition period, until the Legal and Administrative Committee concludes its works, it is essential that civil personnel engaged by the previous de facto authority receive compensation in the form of social allowances for six months under a temporary mechanism, outside the government budget, enabling them to concentrate on their work while they and their families are provided for. This assumes that in parallel the Legal and Administrative Committee is able to assume its work aimed at resolving the status of this group and consolidating the civil service.
This requires support to the Legal and Administrative Committee in defining a mechanism for expedited steps, sequenced by priority sectors, towards the consolidation of civil servants, institutions and applicable legal frameworks. Once the mechanism has been elaborated, its implementation will also require initial funding to accommodate and retrain civil servants for resuming their positions.
4.4.2 Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $31m - $31m
In order to restore and maintain the operational capacity of local government units in Gaza for recovery and reconstruction tasks, the Government seeks immediate exceptional supplementary funding for municipal personnel for a period of six months. Fuel and office supplies will also be provided.
Restoring physical infrastructure and equipment for municipalities will be equally important in order to allow municipalities to provide regular services, and support their role in the recovery and reconstruction effort. 60 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
4.4.3 Rule of Law and Human Rights
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $1m $6m $7m
The request for allowances to civil personnel above also includes personnel of the courts system.
This needs to be complemented by support to legal assistance to vulnerable groups, including IDPs and the bereaved, particularly women and children. In this regard, immediate support needs to be provided to legal aid and arbitration for IDPs, while, in the medium-term, the partially destroyed legal aid system needs to be rehabilitated.
Civil society organizations with a focus on human rights require support to monitor adherence to human rights principles within the fragile rule of law setting in the aftermath of the war.
4.4.4 Implementation and Coordination SECTION RECONSTRUCTION AND INTERVENTIONS 4 : RECOVERY
Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Total - $12m $20m $32m
The MOPWH, UNRWA, and UNDP will conduct cross-sectoral assessment of damages to infrastructure and buildings. Once these assessments are done, the Government will use strategic spatial planning to build back better, particularly in residential neighborhoods and community infrastructure. Spatial planning is most critical for the most affected localities, including Shujaiyeh and Khuza’a.
To support this and other implementation management tasks for this Plan, the Government will scale up its capacity for coordination, implementation, and monitoring of needs assessments and recovery and reconstruction interventions. Capacity will also be needed to monitor arrangements for the import of building materials. 61
4.4.5 Summary of Interventions in Governance Sector
Interventions & Estimated Costs by Phase
Sub-Sector Relief Early Recovery Reconstruction Public • Provision of personnel allowances Administration under a temporary mechanism (6 months) • Reintegration of public administration systems
Estimated Cost: $113m Local • Supplementary salaries for Governance municipal staff for 6 months • Provision of fuel of office supplies • Review of municipal functional capacity • Rehabilitation of municipality buildings • Replacement of destroyed equipment and vehicles
Estimated Cost: $31m Rule of Law and • Investigation of violations of • Rehabilitation of legal aid clinics Human Rights International Humanitarian Law and support to legal aid system and Human Rights • Legal aid and arbitration for IDPs
Estimated Cost: $1m Estimated Cost: $6m Implementation • Scaling up recovery and • Scaling up recovery and and reconstruction implementation reconstruction implementation Coordination capacity capacity • Strategic spatial planning • Strategic spatial planning • Monitoring of building material • Monitoring of building material imports imports
Estimated cost: $12m Estimated Cost: $20m ESTIMATED SUB-SECTOR $157m $26m COST TOTAL SECTOR COST $183m 62 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
SECTION5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING This plan presents the blueprint and guiding framework for the relief, response and recovery efforts in Gaza for 2014-2017. While international partners are kindly requested to provide adequate funding, ultimate responsibility for the delivery of the plan rests with the National Consensus Government, which will act as the single address for all planning, implementation, and financing issues with respect to the recovery and reconstruction of Gaza.
Detailed planning and active management of the recovery and reconstruction process will be essential to ensure effective implementation. In this respect, the mandate of the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee on Recovery and Reconstruction will be extended to oversee the implementation of the Plan. The Committee will be supported by a new Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation Unit. An immediate priority for the Committee, the Government and partners will be to complete the detailed damage assessments and develop detailed implementation plans by sector and at the local level. These plans will include clear objectives and targets, which will provide the basis for results based management of the implementation process, which in turn will drive increased accountability and successful delivery.
11. Government Leadership through the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee 22. Co-ordination with Partners 33. Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation Unit 44. Detailed Damage Assessments and Action Planning at Sector and Municipality Level 63 64 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
5.1 Government Leadership through the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee
The development of the current plan was spearheaded by the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee on Recovery and Reconstruction, headed by the Deputy Prime Minister. In order to facilitate continuity between the planning and implementation phases, the mandate of the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee will be extended to cover implementation of the Plan.
The Committee will be responsible for setting priorities, approving the allocation of international and Governmental funding against specified priorities, actively monitoring progress and reporting to Cabinet, and addressing implementation challenges with national and international partners. Membership of the Committee will continue to comprise the Minister of Finance/ Planning; the Minister of Social Affairs/Agriculture; the Minister of Public Works and Housing; the Minister of Local Government; the Head of the Palestinian Water Authority; and the Head of Energy and Natural Resources Authority.
During the implementation phase, a key area of attention for the Higher Committee will be the critical implementation pre-requisites, which must be sustained in order for the Plan to be effective. In line with this, specific action plans will also be developed for effective execution of the enablers, particularly with regard to movement and access. Should progress of implementation on these issues stall, partners and the international community will be called upon to provide required support to enable the facilitation of recovery and reconstruction. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING PERFORMANCE AND ARRANGEMENTS SECTION 5 : IMPLEMENTATION
5.2 Co-ordination with Partners
Whilst the Government will steer the recovery and reconstruction effort, the important contribution of the Government’s national and international partners cannot be underestimated. The National Consensus Government will work in the spirit of common purpose and coordinated action with all its partners - international donors, the private sector and civil society – to restore stability and rebuild Gaza.
The Government will establish a Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Advisory Board, which will include representatives of the private sector, civil society, and key international partners. The Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee will meet with the Board on a quarterly basis to share ideas and strategies with regard to the recovery and reconstruction efforts.
At the working level, existing mechanisms will be actively leveraged to ensure co-ordination with all partners in planning and implementation. These include the Local Aid Co-ordination Secretariat (LACS), Sector Working Groups, and the humanitarian clusters. The electronic aid information management platform DARP (Development Assistance and Reform Platform), housed at the MOPAD, is expected to be the tool used to monitor financial assistance from donors against the plan. The tool will be adapted to include a module specific to the Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza. All projects will be entered into DARP by the Government and donors will be required to provide updates based on a pre-agreed schedule. 65
5.3 Gaza Recovery and Reconstruction Implementation Unit
Given the breadth and complexity of activities that will be required for the response –touching all sectors, all geographical areas, and involving direct support to at least a quarter of the population - a new Implementation unit will be established to drive implementation. The Unit will report to the Higher Inter-Ministerial Committee and work closely with Government ministries and agencies, as well as the international community, civil society, and private sector, to ensure the execution of the priority recovery and reconstruction interventions in this Plan.
In the immediate period, the Unit will work to support ministries, agencies, and municipalities with effective prioritization, detailed planning, and setting targets for the recovery and reconstruction efforts. Thereafter, the Unit will play an active role in obtaining regular status reports on the priority interventions under the Plan from the ministries, identifying challenges in their implementation, and strengthening co-ordination between sectors as well as ministries.
The Unit will provide monthly status reports to the Council of Ministers through the Inter-Ministerial Committee during the first six months of recovery reconstruction, and move to a quarterly reporting basis in thereafter. The reports will focus on progress of the most critical elements of the Plan and recommendations regarding accelerating implementation. The Unit will also work with ministries and agencies to ensure that decisions from the Council of Ministers are rapidly implemented.
5.4 Detailed Damage Assessments and Action Planning at Sector and Municipality Level
This plan forms the skeleton of the recovery effort and is based on an initial assessment of the impact of the Israeli assault. Effective implementation will require significant further work in terms of detailed diagnosis, planning, and programming of specific response interventions in each sector.
Detailed Damage and Needs Assessments are currently underway through Government ministries and agencies, overseen by the Technical Committee, and with the support of the UN, the World Bank, and the EU. These will form the basis of detailed intervention planning for early recovery. The assessments will include baseline GIS data regarding all facilities which were damaged.
Detailed Action Planning will follow the finalization of the damage assessments, and will be undertaken at the sector levels in collaboration with national partners. It is expected that this process will validate many of the high level recommendations of this report and develop them further into specific projects and interventions. It will also propose additional measures to respond to the breadth of damage and needs as they become better understood.
The detailed action planning process will be completed in 2014. The output of this process will be a series of sector and municipality action plans, which will be consolidated into a Recovery and Rehabilitation Implementation Strategy. This ongoing planning process will not hinder on-going and immediate implementation of immediate humanitarian measures and early recovery interventions. These will be ongoing throughout.
The sector plans and interventions will be underpinned by a clear Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, which will capture goals, objectives, outputs and outcomes in each sector and intervention. These will also be linked to the budget and financial inputs required for delivery.
Results monitoring at the sector level will be the primarily responsibility of line ministries/concerned budget entities, in cooperation with national and international partners. MOPAD’s Monitoring and Evaluation department will compile sector level data into quarterly monitoring reports of the Plan. Financial input and results reports will be accessible on the MOPAD website and will be discussed by the Plan’s management structure as a tool for evidence-based decision making. 66 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
SECTION6 FINANCING REQUIREMENTS AND MECHANISMS 11. Overview of Current Fiscal Situation 22. Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction Costs 33. Financing Mechanisms 67 68 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
6.1 Overview of Current Fiscal Situation
The Palestinian Government has made significant and continued efforts to improve its fiscal performance through revenue reforms and expenditure limitations. In 2013, on account of these measures, the fiscal deficit declined by 2.7 percentage points to 13.9 percent of GDP. However, the Government’s fiscal position remains extremely fragile, highly reliant on donor support, and highly dependent on economic and political relations with Israel. By the end of 2013 public debt, including arrears and clearance revenue advances, had reached $4.6 billion, close to 40 percent of GDP.
The total budget for 2014 was $4.4 billion, comprising 92 percent recurrent and 8 percent development expenditure. Even before the National Consensus Government was formed, expenses on Gaza comprised almost 40 percent of the budget, comprising payments of salaries for public-sector workers; coverage of non-wage bill items like health referrals, medical supplies, and social assistance; and coverage of fuel and net lending expenses for electricity and water. Disbursements amount to approximately $120 million on a monthly basis or $1.44 billion annually.
2013 (Actual) 2014 (Projected) % Change USD m USD m % SECTION MECHANISMS AND REQUIREMENTS 6 : FINANCING Gross Revenues 2,687 2,923 9% Total Net Revenues 2,443 2,752 13% Total Expenditure and Net Lending 3,903 4,110 5% Of which Gaza expenditure 1,440 1,440 - Current Balance (1,460) (1,358) -7% Development Expenditures 197 316 60% Total Balance (1,657) (1,674) 1%
In its September 2014 report to the AHLC, the IMF described the near-term fiscal outlook as challenging in any scenario, without accounting for the spending needed for Gaza reconstruction. It forecasts a fiscal gap of approximately $350 million for 2014, accounting for 16.5 percent of GDP, assuming that overall donor financing will reach $1.5 billion.
The July/August assault in Gaza has provided an unprecedented shock to the Government’s already strained budget position. The National Consensus Government is faced with a recovery and reconstruction bill that is equivalent to the entire 2014 budget, 13 times the 2014 development budget, and over 20 times the 2013 development budget. In the absence of external support, incurring the cost of reconstruction would imply not being able to meet recurrent expenditures in the West Bank and/or up to a doubling of the existing public debt, neither of which is practically or politically possible.
Given the scale and urgency of the challenge, the Government has no choice but to reach out to the international community for support with this momentous task.
The Government sees the investment in Gaza as an investment in stability and the viability of a future Palestinian state. Whilst Gaza’s rebuilding will be costly in the short- to medium -term, the Government’s vision for Gaza is one of sustainability and self-sufficiency, where Gaza is an integral driver of the Palestinian economy and where it contributes to the fiscal position of the Government. 69
6.2 Summary of Recovery and Reconstruction Costs
The total costs of the reconstruction effort are estimated at $4 billion, of which $414 million is required for immediate relief, $1.2 billion for early recovery, and $2.4 billion for the reconstruction of Gaza. Financing for the immediate relief and early recovery phases is required immediately; financing for reconstruction projects will be required in 2015, 2016, and 2017.
Summary Costs by Sector and Sub-Sector
Relief Early Reconstruction Phase Recovery Phase Total Sector Sub-Sector Phase (USD, m) (USD m) (USD m) (USD m) Social Protection 230 8 80 317
Health and Psychosocial Support 14 159 45 218
Education and Higher Education 14575121 Social Civil Society 04 4145
Sub-total 245 215 241 701
Rubble & ERW 02014 34
Energy 0 32 153 185
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 40 80 116 236
Housing and Shelter 129 143 910 1,182
Governmental Buildings and Other Public Infrastructure 05197149
Border Crossings 05 5055
Roads 00 7070
Environment 01 0 1
Infrastructure & Environment Sub-total 169 332 1,411 1,911
Agriculture 0 194 257 451
Industry and Manufacturing 0 75 284 359
Trade and Services 0 130 77 207
Employment 0627 69 Economic Promoting Investment 0 20 130 150
Sub-total 0 481 754 1,235
Operational Capacity of Central Gov. Institutions 0 113 0 113
Operational Capacity of Local Government Institutions 0310 31
Rule of Law and Human Rights 01 6 7
Implementation and Coordination 01220 32 Governance Sub-total 0 157 26 183 TOTAL 414 1,184 2,432 4,030 70 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
This Plan quantifies the direct costs of recovery and reconstruction, which are separate from existing commitments on budget support to the Government. However continuation of existing budget support to the Government will be a vital element for sustaining government functions in both Gaza and the West Bank, meeting the government’s existing responsibilities to its employees and citizens, as well as providing the basis for recovery and reconstruction in Gaza. Budget support will ensure continued provision of health and education services, purchases of electricity, fuel and water, as well as maintaining social support.
Therefore, in addition to seeking financial support for the direct costs of recovery and reconstruction, the Government urges donors to complete the budget support for 2014 and fund required budget support for the next three years. Without this, the proper functioning of the National Consensus Government, as well as recovery and reconstruction in Gaza, will be impossible.
The impact of assault on budget support for the Government in 2015 and beyond is not yet clear. However, it is likely that the additional burden that the assault has created for Gaza’s social support, education, and health services, amongst others, may require an further increase in budget support beyond current levels and the costs already captured under the Recovery and Reconstruction Plan. At least some of these costs should be outweighed by additional revenues from Gaza as the situation stabilizes and the Gaza economy recovers, which are currently unaccounted for. The net impact of integrating Gaza fully into the fiscal framework will become clearer with time, as the longer-term systemic impacts become evident. SECTION MECHANISMS AND REQUIREMENTS 6 : FINANCING
At present, the total value of required budget support for the State of Palestine 2014-2017 has been estimated at $4.5 billion.
Budget support required
USD m
Budget support committed and but not disbursed in 2014 580 Budget support required for 2015-2017 3,924 Total Budget Support for Recovery and Reconstruction Period 4,504 71
6.3 Financing Mechanisms
Early recovery and reconstruction efforts must be guided by two pivotal principles: national ownership and rapid implementation. Consideration for these two principles is also central to the financing mechanism proposed for the implementation of the Plan.
In line with the principle of ownership, the National Consensus Government has a strong preference for the utilization of the Government’s Central Treasury Account (CTA) as the primary financing mechanism for the Recovery and Reconstruction of Gaza. The CTA not only allows for implementing budget programs and receiving budget support, but has also been used to the full satisfaction of the Government and donors alike for earmarked funding to specific programs and projects. The soundness of the Government’s public financial management system and the CTA has been applauded by the International Finance Institutions in past reports to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC).
However, recognizing the constraints of international organizations, the Government accepts that other financing mechanism may be necessary to complement funding through Government channels in order to allow for rapid implementation. Nevertheless, to serve the aim of efficiency and effective co-ordination, the Government urges donors to restrict this external funding to the limited number of existing mechanisms that have been shown as effective and are believed to be sufficient for an effective reconstruction effort. These are:
1. UN Agencies: Direct funding can be provided to established UN agencies already working on the ground, including UNRWA and UNDP, for a range of issues including support to the refugee population, ERW removal, and infrastructure development. 2. PEGASE: The “MécanismePalestino-Européen de Gestion et d’Aide Socio-économique” established by the European Union can be used to enable support for the Palestinian Administration and Services, including salaries to staff; support to the Social Protection System via cash transfers and other mechanisms, and support to private sector enterprises. 3. World Bank: Funding via the Palestinian Reform and Development Plan Multi-Donor Trust Fund (PRDP-MDTF) can be channeled for budget support to drive the reform and institution building agenda; and via the Partnership for Infrastructure Development Multi-Donor Trust Fund (PID-MDTF) for energy, water, sanitation, and urban development investments.
The private sector and NGOs are important implementing partners who are expected to receive funding via the above financing channels. A more detailed mapping of the applicability of the different mechanisms to different subsectors is shown in Annex 1. As for the Arab States, they can channel their support through the Islamic Development Bank, which in turn will utilize the above financing mechanisms to deliver its support.
The use of alternative funding mechanisms should not undermine the Government’s leadership role on the reconstruction effort. Therefore, the Inter-Ministerial Committee will serve as a Steering Committee for the recovery and reconstruction effort, approving the allocation of funding for intervention programs, and ensuring coordinated implementation and overall financial management of the Recovery and Reconstruction Plan. 72 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014
Annex 1: Mapping of Financing Mechanisms
Government Donor Agencies Other
Central MDLF UNRWA Specialized EU World Bank NGOs xx Prioritized mechanism Treasury (for refugees) UN (PEGASE) (incl. Infra. x Alternative mechanism Account Agencies Trust Fund) xx (WFP, Social Protection xx xx UNDP, x UNICEF) xx (WHO, Health, Psycho-Social Care xx xx UNFPA, x x UNICEF) Social xx Education and Higher Education xx xx (UNICEF, x SECTION MECHANISMS AND REQUIREMENTS 6 : FINANCING UNESCO) Civil Society, CBOs and FBOs xx
xx Rubble & ERW xx (UNDP, UNMAS) Energy xx x x
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene xx x x x
Housing and Shelter xx x xx (UNHABITAT) x Governmental and Other Public xx Infrastructure xx xx
Infrastructure Border crossings xx Roads x xx x x Environment xx x
x Agriculture xx (FAO) xx x Industry and Manufacturing xx xx x Trade and Services xx xx x x Employment xx xx (UNDP) x x
Economic x Facilitating Investment xx (Banks)
xx Public Administration xx (UNDP) xx x Local Governance xx xx x x xx Rule of Law and Human Rights x (UNDP) xx Implementation and Co-ordination xx x Governance 3 2 The National Early Recovery and Reconstruction Plan for Gaza 2014 30 , Gaza City Raed az-Zourah, 32 , Khan Younis Raed Hamed Shihab, Journalist - Gaza Salima al-Arja, 53 , Rafah Miriam Atiya al-Arja, 9 , Rafah al-Kafarna, 30 Rafiq Abdul-Nasser Abu Kweik, 60 Khaled Abu Kweik, 31 Mohammad Mustafa Malika, 18 months Malaka, 28 (Mohammad›s Mother), 27 Hana Mohammed Fuad Hatem Abu Salem, Gaza City Mohammad Khaled an-Nimra, 22 Sahar Hamdan (al-Masry), 40 , Beit Hanoun 14 , Beit Hanoun Mohammad Ibrahim al-Masry, 23 , Beit Hanoun Amjad Hamdan, Hani Saleh Hamad, 57 , Beit Hanoun Ibrahim Hani Saleh Hamad, 20 , Beit Hanoun Mohammad Khalaf Nawasra, 4 , al-Maghazi Nidal Khalaf Nawasra, 5 , al-Maghazi Nawasra, 24 , al-Maghazi. (father of Mohammad and Nidal) Salah Awad Aesha Najm al-Nawasra, 23 , al-Maghazi (mother of Mohammad and Nidal, pregnant in the fourth month) 80 , al-Mughraqa Naifa Mohammed Zaher Farajallah, 20 , Khan Younis Abdul-Ghafour, Amal Yousef 18 months, Khan Younis Nariman Jouda Abdul-Ghafour, Ibrahim Daoud al-Bal›aawy Jamal az-Zamely Abdul-Rahman 42 , Rafah Ibrahim Ahmad Abdin, 20 , Rafah Mustafa Abu Murr, 22 , Rafah Khaled Abu Murr, Al-Jarba Mazin Faraj Marwan Eslayyem Mohammed Shalat, 37 , al-Nussairat Raed Mohammad Matouq, 4 , Beit Hanoun Yasmin 24 , Gaza Mohammad Shaban, 30 , Gaza Amjad Shaban, 45 , Gaza Khader al-Basheeleqety, 27 , Nusseirat Yassin, Rashad 15 , Khan Younis Ashour, Mohammad Ayman Riyadh Mohammad Kaware, 50 , Khan Younis Bakr Mohammad Joudeh, 50 , Khan Younis Ammar Mohammad Joudeh, 26 , Khan Younis Kaware, 13 , Khan Younis Hussein Yousef Bassem Salem Kaware, 10 , Khan Younis Mohammad Ibrahim Kaware, 50 , Khan Younis Mohammad Habib, 22 , Gaza Ahmed Mousa Habib, 16 , Gaza 22 , Jabalia Saqr Aayesh al-Ajjoury, Ahmad Nael Mahdi, 16 , Gaza Hafeth Mohammad Hamad, 26 , Beit Hanoun Ibrahim Mohammad Hamad, 26 , Beit Hanoun Mahdi Mohammad Hamad, 46 , Beit Hanoun Khalil Hamad, 62 , Beit Hanoun Fawziyya Donia Mahdi Hamad, 16 , Beit Hanoun Soha Hamad, 25 , Beit Hanoun 22 , Khan Younis Suleiman Salam Abu Sawaween, Siraj Eyad Abdul-Aal, 8 , Khan Younis Abdul-Hadi Soufi, 24 , Rafah Mohammad Yasser Hamdan, 24 , Gaza Hamdan, Mohammad Yasser Mohammad Shakib al-Agha, 22 , Khan Younis 22 , Khan Younis Abu Yousef, Ahmed Younis Sara Omar Sheikh al-Eid, 4 , Rafah Omar Ahmad Sheikh al-Eid, 24 , Rafah Jihad Ahmad Sheikh al-Eid, 48 , Rafah 16 , Khan Younis Abu Taha, Kamal Atef Yousef Ismael Nabil Ahmad Abu Hatab, 21 , Khan Younis Boshra Khalil Zorob, 53 , Rafah 63 , Khan Younis Atwa Amira al-Amour, Ezzeddin Bolbol, 25 , Rafah Abu Shanab, 25 , Deir al-Balah Rami Abdul-al, 73 , Gaza City Fawziyya Moayyad al-Araj, 3 , Khan Younis* 14 , Jabalia Husam Ibrahim Najjar, 80 , Gaza City Hijaziyya Hamed al-Hilo, abu Harb Zawayda, 30 , central Gaza Ruwaida Haitham Ashraf Zorob, 21 , Rafah Laila Hassan al-Odaat, 41 , al-Maghazi 19 , Gaza Hussein Abdul-Qader Mheisin, 23 , Beit Hanoun Hamdan, Qassem Talal - related article 23 , Khan Younis Maher Thabet abu Mour, Mohammad Salem Abu Breis, 65 , Deir al-Balah 60 , Khan Younis Moussa Shehda Moammer, 27 , Khan Younis Hanadi Hamdi Moammer, 23 , Khan Younis Saddam Mousa Moammer, Qandil, 17 , Jabalia Anas Yousef Mohammad Qandil, 27 , Jabalia Islam Yousef Mohammad Edrees Abu Sneina, 20 , Jabalia Saleh al-Khatib, 38 , Jabalia Abdul-Rahim 39 , Jabalia Husam Thieb ar-Razayna, - Gaza City Ibrahim Nabil Hamada, 30 , at-Tuffah - Gaza City Hasan Ahmad Abu Ghush, 24 , at-Tuffah - Gaza City 26 , at-Tuffah Ahmad Mahmoud al-Bal›awy, - Gaza City Ali Nabil Basal, 32 , at-Tuffah 28 , western Gaza City Mohammad Bassem al-Halaby, Mohammad Sweity (Abu Askar), 20 , western Gaza City Khawla al-Hawajri, 25 , Nuseirat refugee camp 31 , Mabarra association for the disabled in Jabalia Ola Wishahi, Suha Abu Saade, 38 , Mabarra association for the disabled in Jabalia Mohammad Edrees Abu Sweilem, 20 , Jabalia - Gaza City Subhi al-Saifi, 22 , Sheikh Radwan Rateb - Gaza City Azmi Mahmoud Obeid, 51 , Sheikh Radwan - Gaza City Nidal Mahmoud Abu al-Malsh, 22 , Sheikh Radwan - Gaza City Suleiman Said Obeid, 56 , Sheikh Radwan - Gaza City Mustafa Muhammad Inaya, 58 , Sheikh Radwan - Gaza City Ghassan Ahmad al-Masri, 25 , Sheikh Radwan 36 , al-Saftawi Amer, Rifat Youssef Rifat Syouti, western Gaza City* Nahedh Naim al-Batsh, 41 , Khan Younis Baha Majed al-Batsh, 28 , Khan Younis Qusai Issam al-Batsh, 12 , Khan Younis al-Batsh, 59 , Khan Younis Aziza Yousef Ahmad Noman al-Batsh, 27 , Khan Younis Mohammad Issam al-Batsh, 17 , Khan Younis Ala Al-Batsh, 18 , Khan Younis Yahia Jalal Majed al-Batsh, 26 , Khan Younis Mahmoud Majed al-Batsh, 22 , Khan Younis Majed Sobhi al-Batsh, Khan Younis Marwa Majed al-Batsh, 25 , Khan Younis Khaled Majed al-Batsh, 20 , Khan Younis Ibrahim Majed al-Batsh, 18 , Khan Younis Manar Majed al-Batsh, 13 , Khan Younis Amal Hussein al-Batsh, 49 , Khan Younis Anas Ala al-Batsh, 10 , Khan Younis Qusai Ala al-Batsh, 20 , Khan Younis 23 , Rafah Dheir, Mohannad Yousef Shadi Mohammad Zorob, 21 , Rafah Imad Bassam Zorob, 21 , Rafah 23 , Rafah Dheir, Mohannad Yousef 13 , eastern Gaza City Mohammad Arif, 35 , eastern Gaza City Mohammad Ghazi Arif, 62 , eastern Gaza City Ghazi Mustafa Arif, Dalloul, 47 , Gaza Ahmad Yousef 25 , Gaza Sukkar, Ya›coub Fadi Qassem Jaber Odah, 16 , Khan Younis Mohammad Abdullah Sharatha, 53 , Jabalia Mohammad Ahmed Basal, 19 , Gaza City Hasan Ghannam, 31 , Rafah Abdul-Razeq Wisam Hasan Ghannam, 28 , Rafah Mahmoud Abdul-Razeq Ghannam, 33 , Rafah Kifah Shaker Ghalia Thieb Ghannam, 57 , Rafah 26 , Rafah Mohammad Munir Ashour, Nour Marwan an-Ajdi, 10 , Rafah abu al-Kas, 33 , Gaza City (doctor) Anas Rezeq Abdullah Mustafa abu Mahrouq, 22 , Deir al-Balah 26 , Jabalia Mahmoud Waloud, Hazem Ba›lousha, Jabalia Ala Abdul Nabi, Beit Lahia.* 24 , Beit Hanoun Ahmed Zaher Hamdan, Mohammad Kamel al-Kahlout, 25 , Jabalia 25 , Gaza City Sami Adnan Shaldan, Salem al-Ashhab, 40 , Gaza City Hani Abu Hani, 31 , Rafah Raed 65 , Jabalia Abu- Hmeedan, Mohammad Rabea Shahrman Ismail Abu al-Kas, 42 , Al-Bureij 63 , Al Bureij Mazin Mustafa Aslan, Mohammad Samiri, 24 , Deir al-Balah Abu Mosaed, 23 , Deir al-Balah Rami 80 , Gaza City Saber Sokkar, Hussein Mohammad al-Mamlouk, 47 , Gaza City Mohammad Sammama, 49 , Gaza City Nasser Rabah Abdul-Halim Abdul-Moty Ashra, 54 , Deir al-Balah Sahar Salman Abu Namous, 3 , Beit Hanoun 27 , Jabalia Sultan, Odai Rafiq 25 , Rafah Joma Atiyya Shallouf, Khattab, 6 , Deir al-Balah Bassam Abul-Rahman (father of six killed) Mahmoud Lutfi al-Hajj, 58 , Khan Younis Bassema Abdul-fatteh Mohammad al-Hajj, 48 , Khan Younis (mother of six ) Asma Mahmoud al-Hajj, 22 , Khan Younis Mahmoud al-Hajj, 12 , Khan Younis Fatima Saad Mahmoud al-Hajj, 17 , Khan Younis Najla Mahmoud al-Hajj, 29 , Khan Younis Mahmoud al-Hajj, 18 , Khan Younis Tareq Omar Mahmoud al-Hajj, 20 , Khan Younis al-Hajj, 16 , northern Gaza. Adham Yusef Ayman Baha Abu al-Leil, 35 , Ga 27 Fatmeh Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 12 ), Khan Younis. Taysir Fatmeh Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 10 ), Khan Younis. Taysir Ayub Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 5 ), Khan Younis. Taysir Rayan Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 2 ), Khan Younis. Rinat Taysir Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 4 months), Khan Younis. Nujud Taysir Ahmad Salameh Abu Jame› ( 25 ), pregnant (another of Fatima’s Yasmin and her family): daughter-in-laws, Batul Bassam Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 4 ) , Khan Younis. Soheila Bassam Ahmad Abu Jame›( 3 ) , Khan Younis. Bisan Bassam Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 6 months) , Khan Younis. son Ahmad Muhammad Abu Jame› ( 27 ) – Fatima’s Yasser wife and Fatima’s Riad Abu Jame› ( 26 ), pregnant, Yasser’s Fatima daughter in law Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 7 ), Khan Younis. Sajedah Yasser Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 4 ), Khan Younis. Siraj Yasser Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 2 ), Khan Younis. Noor Yasser grandsons) Husam Abu Qeinas ( 7 ) (another of Fatima’s 37 , Gaza. Mahmoud Tafesh, Farouq Tariq Hazem Naim Mohammad Aqel, 14 , Gaza. 25 , Gaza. Mohammad Nassr Atiyya Ayyad, 19 , Gaza. Omar Zaher Saleh Abu Hussein, 23 , northern Gaza. ar-Redya, Ziad Ghaleb Rajab 24 , northern Gaza. Assaf, Bashir Yahia Wael 20 , Khan Younis Bassam as-Serry, Yahia 17 , Khan Younis Mohammad Bassam as-Serry, Mahmoud Rida Salhiyya, 56 , Khan Younis Mustafa Rida Salhiyya, 21 , Khan Younis Mohammad Mustafa Salhiyya, 22 , Khan Younis Rida Salhiyya, 15 , Khan Younis Waseem 13 , Khan Younis Ibrahim Jamal Kamal Nassr, 24 , Khan Younis Khaled Nassr, Rushdi 25 , Khan Younis Nassr, Faris Mohammad Awad Ahmad Mahmoud Hasan Aziz, 34 , Beit Hanoun Said Ali Issa, 30 , Juhr ed-Deek, Central Gaza 27 , Khan Younis Laqan, Walid Raed Mohammad Jihad al-Qara, 29 , Khan Younis Ali Bahloul, 36 , Khan Younis Rafat Bilal Ismail Abu Daqqa, 33 , Khan Younis 21 , Khan Younis Mohammad Ismail Sammour, 26 , Khan Younis Eyad Ismael ar-Raqab, Mohammad Atallah Odah Saadat, 25 , Beit Hanoun 22 , Beit Lahia ar-Rohhal, Mohammad Rafiq 6 , Beit Lahia Mohammad Ziad ar-Rohhal, Mohammad Ahmad Abu Zanouna, 37 , Gaza City Hamid Suleiman Abu al-Araj, 60 , Deir al-Balah Abdullah Mahmoud Baraka, 24 , Khan Younis Salem Qdeih, 37 , Khan Younis Tamer 17 , Khan Younis Ziad Maher an-Najjar, 25 , Rafah Ziad Salem ash-Shawy, Mahmoud Abdul-Hamid al-Zweidi, 23 , Beit Lahia Dalia Abdel-Hamid al-Zweidi, 37 , Beit Lahia Mahmoud al-Zweidi, 6 , Beit Lahia Rowiya Naghm Mahmoud al-Zweidi, 2 , Beit Lahia Mohammad Khaled Jamil al-Zweidi, 20 , Beit Lahia Amr Hamouda, 7 , Beit Lahia Mohammad Riziq Hamouda, 18 , Beit Lahia Kamal Qabdurra Hamouda, 29 , Beit Lahia. Yousef 24 , Central District al-Abed Abu Dan, Momen Taysir 31 , Central District Abdul-Aziz Samir Abu Zaitar, Mohammad Ziad Zabout, 24 , Gaza City Hatem Ziad Zabout, 22 , Gaza City Mohammad al-Bana, 29 , was killed in Jabalia Fadal Abu Hamad, 25 , Beit Lahia Mohammad Abdul-Rahman Suleiman Abu Zeid, 24 , Central District Maali Abdul-Rahman Mohammad Ahmad as-Saidi, 18 , Khan Younis Mohammad Odah, 23 , Central District Abdul-Rahman Samir Khalil al-Hatou, 26 , Central District Tariq al-Ghalban, 23 , Khan Younis Mohammad Fathi Mahmoud Anwar Abu Shabab, 16 , Rafah Ahmad Abu Thurayya, 25 , Central District Abdullah Ghazi al-Masri, 30 , Central District Nasri an-Na›ouq, 23 , Central District Ayman Aqram Mahmoud al-Matouq, 37 , Jabalia Majdi Suleiman Jabara, 22 , Rafah related article Juma al-Mahmoum, 5 months, Rafah Faris Omar Eid al-Mahmoum, 18 , Rafah 22 . Beit Hanoun Nassim Mahmoud Nassier, 20 , Beit Hanoun Karam Mahmoud Nassier, Salmiyya Suleiman Ghayyadh, 70 , Rafah 30 , Gaza City Saqer Abu Tawila, Rani Hammad Abdul-Karim Abu Lehya, 23 , Khan Younis 26 , Khan Younis Fayyad, Rashad Mohammad Abdul-Fattah 25 , Khan Younis Mahmoud Mohammad Fayyad, 40 , Beit Hanoun Amal Khader Ibrahim Dabbour, Qassim, 59 , Beit Hanoun Taha Ismail Yousef 23 , Khan Younis Radwan, Ahmad Fawzi 24 , Khan Younis Radwan, Mahmoud Fawzi 23 , Khan Younis Bilal Mahmoud Radwan, 22 , Khan Younis Monther Radwan, 19 , Khan Younis. Hasan Majdi Mahmoud Radwan, 26 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Sami as-Said Omran, Hani As›ad Abdul-Karim Shami, 35 , Khan Younis Mohammad Hamdan Abdul-Karim Shami, 35 , Khan Younis Husam Musallam Abu Issa, 26 . Gaza Ahmad Ismael Abu Musallam, 14 , Gaza City Mohammad Ismael Abu Musallam, 15 , Gaza City Ismael Abu Musallam, 13 , Gaza City Wala Naim Mousa Abu Jarad, 23 , Beit Hanoun Abed Mousa Abu Jarad, 30 , Beit Hanoun Siham Mousa Abu Jarad, 26 , Beit Hanoun Oliyyan Abu Jarad, 31 , Beit Hanoun Raja Abu Jarad, 3 , Beit Hanoun Haniyya Abdul-Rahman Samih Naim Abu Jarad, 1 , Beit Hanoun Abu Jarad, 6 months, Beit Hanoun Mousa Abul-Rahman Ahlam Mousa Abu Jarad, 13 , Beit Hanoun Husam Musallam Abu Aisha, 26 , Jahr al-Deek Mohammad Saad Mahmoud Abu Sa›da , Khan Younis Mohammad al-Bahloul, 35 , Khan Younis Ra›fat al-Qarra, 20 , Khan Younis Wala Abdullah Jamal as-Smeiri, 17 , Khan Younis Ahmad Hasan Saleh al-Ghalban, 23 , Khan Younis Hamada Abdullah Mohammad al-Bashiti, 21 , Khan Younis 27 , Rafah Hamza Mohammad Abu Hussein, Ala Abu Shabab, 23 , Rafah 37 , Rafah Matar, Mohammad Awad Bassem Mohammad Mahmoud Madhi, 22 , Rafah Ahmad Abdullah al-Bahnasawi, 25 . Um An-Nasr 20 , Rafah Saleh Zgheidy, Mahmoud Ali Darwish, 40 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza Ibrahim al-Astal, 23 ,Khan Younis Yousef 7 , Gaza Imad Hamed E›lawwan, 4 , Gaza (brother of Imad) Qassem Hamed E›lawwan, 13 , Gaza Sarah Mohammad Bustan, Ahmad al-Hayek, 2 , Gaza Rezeq Abu Sneina, 32 , Rafah Mustafa Faisal Abu Sneina, 18 , Rafah Imad Faisal Abu Sneina, 38 , Rafah Nizar Fayez al-Loulahi, 21 , Khan Younis Ismail Ramadan Ghassan Salem Mousa Abu Azab, 28 , Khan Younis Ahmad Salem Shaat, 22 , Khan Younis Mohammad Salem Shaat, 20 , Khan Younis Amjad Salem Shaat, 15 , Khan Younis as-Sane, 20 , Rafah Mohammad Talal Mohammad Mahmoud Al-Qadim, 22 , Deir al-Balah Hassouna, 67 , Rafah Mohammad Abdul-Rahman Zeinab Mohammad Said al-Abadla, 71 , Khan Younis 23 , Beit Lahia Ahmad Reehan, 25 , Gaza City Salem Saleh Fayyad, Abdullah Salem al-Atras, 27 , Rafah Bashir Mohammad Abdul-Al, 20 , Rafah Mohammad Ziyad Ghanem, 25 , Rafah Mohammad Ahmad al-Hout, 41 , Rafah 8 , Gaza City related article Shuhaibar, Tariq Fulla 10 , Gaza Cityrelated article Jihad Issam Shuhaibar, 9 , Gaza Cityrelated article Issam Shuhaibar, Wasim related article 4 , Khan Younis Khalil al-Jbour, Rahaf al-Humaidi, 4 , Gaza City (died of earlier wounds). related article Yassin al-Kafarna, Beit Hanoun Ismail Youssef Hamza Hussein al-Abadala, 29 , Khan Younis 26 , Gaza City Abed Ali Ntheir, 15 , Gaza City related article Mohammad Shadi Ntheir, 4 , Gaza City related article Mohammad Salem Ntheir, Khan Younis Salah Saleh ash-Shafe›ey, Mohammad Ismael Abu Odah, 27 , Rafah Mohammad Abdullah Zahouq, 23 , Rafah Ahmed Adel Nawajha, 23 , Rafah Abu Sharab, 23 , Khan Younis Mohammad Taisir Mohammad Sabri ad-Debari, Rafah Mahmoud Abu-Daqqa, 33 , Khan Younis Farid Ashraf Khalil Abu Shanab, 33 , Rafah article Khadra , Al Bureij Ibrahim Sobhi al-Fayre, Jabalia Ibrahim Sobhi al-Fayre, Mohammad Qlub, Jabalia Rafiq Ahmad Abu Salah, Khan Younis. Mohammad Abdul-Karim Abu Jame’, Khan Younis. Amjad al-Hindi, Gaza City. Mohammad Abu Hamad, 1 , Khan Younis Shahinaz Walid Husam Abu Qeinas, 5 , Khan Younis Somoud Nassr Siyam, 26 , Gaza City Bader Nabil Siyam, 25 , Gaza City Mahrous Siyam, 17 , Gaza City Ahmad Ayman Mustafa Nabil Mahrous Siyam, 12 , Gaza City Ghaida Nabil Mahrous Siyam, 8 , Gaza City Dalal Nabil Mahrous Siyam, 8 months, Gaza City Kamal Mahrous Salama Siyam, 27 , Gaza City Mohammad Mahrous Salaam Siyam, 25 , Gaza City Shireen Mahmoud Salaam Siyam, 32 , Gaza City Ahmad Suleiman Abu Saoud, 34 , Khan Younis Manwa Abdul-Baset as-Sabe, 37 , Beit Hanoun Kamal Balal al-Masri, 22 , Beit Hanoun Bilal Jabr Mohammad al-Ashab, 22 , Gaza City Ismail al-Bardawil, 26 , Rafah Raed 24 , central Gaza Zakariya Masoud al-Ashqar, 16 , central Gaza Abdullah Matroud Abu Hjeir, 23 , central Gaza. Ahmad Sofyan Abu Hjeir, 33 , central Gaza. Abdul-Karim Hamad Hjeir, Ahmad Salhoub, 34 , central Gaza Issam Daoud, 30 , Gaza City Raed Sheikh al-Eid, 23 , Rafah Ahmad Younis Younis Hammad Mohammad, 38 , Gaza Rajae Ahmad Khale Daghmash, 21 , Gaza Mahmoud Hasan an-Nakhala, Gaza Saleh Badawi, 31 , Gaza Kamal Mas›oud, 21 , Gaza Mohammad Samih al-Ghalban, Gaza 56 , al-Karama, Gaza Majdi Mahmoud al-Yazeji, 2 , al-Karama, Gaza Mayar al- Yazeji, 5 , al-Karama, Gaza Anas al- Yazeji, al-Karama, Gaza Naif al-Yazeji, Yasmin al-Karama, Gaza Safinaz al-Yazeji, Nayef Jundiyya, 30 , Gaza Tamer Kamel Jundiyya, 32 , Gaza Ahmad Jundiyya, 50 Rahma Ahed Kamal Mohammad Jundiyya, 31 . Mohammad Mahmoud al-Maghrebi, 24 37 Ibrahim Shaban Bakron, Ghazi Hamdiyya, 25 , Gaza Yousef Motaz Jamal Hamdiyya, 18 , Gaza Aaed Jamal Hamdiyya, 21 . Gaza al-Qisas, Gaza City Yasmin Lamia Eyad al-Qisas, Gaza City Nismaa Eyad al-Qisas, Gaza City Arwa al-Qisas, Gaza City al-Qisas, Gaza City Yassr Aya al-Qisas, Gaza City Aisha Yassr Aliya Siyam, Gaza City Sabr Siyam, Gaza City Fayza Samia Siyam, Gaza City Azmi Buryam, Deir al-Balah Fadi Salaam Buryam,Ayman Deir al-Balah Salaam Abdul-Majeed Buryam, Deir al-Balah Karim Ibrahim Atiya Barham, 25 , Khan Younis Nidal Ali Daka, 26 , Khan Younis 43 , Khan Younis Nidal Jamaa Abu Asy, Ahmad al-Arja, Rafah Fatima Dardouna, 26 , Jabalia Atiya Yusef Reem Elias, Susan, Ibrahim Deib Ahmad al-Kilani, 53 (father of Yassr, , Gaza City & Yasmeen) Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 8 , Gaza City Yassr Elias Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 4 , Gaza City Susan Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 11 , Gaza City Ibrahim Deib al-Kilani, 12 , Gaza City Reem Ibrahim Deeb al-Kilani, 9 , Gaza City Yasmeen Shoeban Mohammad al-Kilani, 45 , Gaza City Taghrid Aida Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 47 , Gaza City Mahmoud Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 37 , Gaza City Sura Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 41 , Gaza City Shoeban Mohammad Derbas, 30 , Gaza City Aynas Bashir al-Ablala, 22 , Khan Younis Fadi Salem Ali Abu Saada, Khan Younis 30 , Rafah. Moammer, Mohammad Yusef 26 , Rafah. Moammer, Hamza Yousef 16 , Rafah. Moammar, Anas Yousef 72 , Rafah. Nadi Marzouq Abu Moammer, Fathiyeh Hosni Mahmoud al-Absi, 56 , Rafah Suheib Ali Joma Abu Qoura, 21 , Rafah 26 , Rafah Mohammad Zanoun, Ahmad Tawfiq 22 , Rafah Hamid Soboh Mohammad Fojo, Najah Saad al-Deen Daraji, 65 , Rafah Daraji, 3 , Rafah Abdullah Yusef Handam 15 , Rafah Mohammed Rajaa Shaaban Ziada, 44 , Al Bureij Yusef Jamil Shaaban Ziada, 53 Shoeban Jamil Ziada, 12 , Al Bureij (son of Jamil) Soheiib Abu Ziada, Al Bureij Mohammad Mahmoud al-Moqaddma, 30 , Al Bureij Mansour Nayfa, Shujaeyya (Gaza City) Raed Medic, Shujaeyya (Gaza City) Jaber, Fuad Mohammad Hani al-Hallaq, 2 , al-Rimal (Gaza City) Kenan Hasan Akram al-Hallaq, 6 , al-Rimal - Gaza Hani Mohammad al-Hallaq, 29 , al-Rimal (Gaza City) Suad Mohammad al-Hallaq, 62 , al-Rimal (Gaza City) Saje Hasan Akram al-Hallaq, 4 , al-Rimal (Gaza City) Hala Akram Hasan al-Hallaq, 27 , al-Rimal (Gaza City) Samar Osama al-Hallaq, 29 , al-Rimal (Gaza City) al-Rimal (Gaza City) Ahmad Yassin, al-Rimal (Gaza City) Ismael Yassin, 15 , Beit Lahia Bahjat Abu Sultan, Aya Ibrahim Salem Joma as-Sahbani, 20 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Aref Ibrahim al-Ghalyeeni, 26 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Osama Khalil Ismael al-Hayya, 30 , Shujaeyya - Gaza (father of Umama and Khalil) Hallah Saqer Hasan al-Hayya, 29 , Shujaeyya - Gaza (mother of Umama and Khalil) Umama Osama Khalil al-Hayya, 9 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Khalil Osama al-Hayya, 7 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 31 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Shehta Ayyad, Rebhi Ateyya Hamdiyya, 28 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Yasser Esra Ateyya Hamdiyya, 28 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 63 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Akram Mohammad Shkafy, 9 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Eman Khalil Abed Ammar, 13 , Shujaeyya - Gaza* Ibrahim Khalil Abed Ammar, 4 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Asem Khalil Abed Ammar, Eman Mohammad Ibrahim Hamada, 40 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 33 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ramlawy, Ahmad Ishaq Yousef 27 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ahmad Sami Diab Ayyad, 24 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Diab Ayyad, Rafiq Fida 20 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Diab Ayyad, Narmin Rafiw 23 , Sheja’eyya, Gaza. Mohareb Ayyad, Husam Ayman Ahmad Mohammad Abu Zanouna, 28 7 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Akram Ahmad al-Atawy, Tala Barawi Salem Marshoud, 52 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Tawfiq Hatem Ziad Ali Zabout, 24 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Khaled Riyadh Mohammad Hamad, 25 , Shujaeyya - Gaza (Journalist) Khadija Ali Mousa Shihada, 62 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Khalil Salem Ibrahim Mosbeh, 53 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Adel Abdullah Eslayyem, 2 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Abdullah Eslayyem, 2 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Dina Roshdi Akram Ismael Abu Joma, 4 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Rahaf Shadi Ziad Hasan Eslayyem, 15 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ala Ziad Hasan Eslayyem, 11 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 18 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Othman Ayyad, Sherin Fathi Adel Abdullah Salem Eslayyem, 29 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ziad Hasan Eslayyem, 10 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Fadi Ahed Saad Mousa Sarsak, 30 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Aisha Ali Mahmoud Zayed, 54 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ahmad Zayed, 58 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Abed-Rabbo Akram Sheikh Khalil, 24 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Abdul-Rahman Mona Suleiman Ahmad Sheikh Khalil, 49 Heba Hamed Mohammad Sheikh Khalil, 13 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Amara, 23 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Abdullah Mansour Radwan 26 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Issam Atiyya Said Skafy, 27 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ali Mohammad Hasan Skafy, 53 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Mohammad Hasan Skafy, Ala Jamal ed-Deen Barda, 35 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Omar Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 10 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ghada Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 10 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 39 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ghada Ibrahim Suleiman Adwan, Abu Ammouna, 55 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Abdul-Rahim Fatima Abdul-Aziz Abu Said, 29 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Fahmi 9 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ghada Sobhi Saadi Ayyad, 6 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ayyad, Mohammad Ashraf Rafiq 6 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ehsan Ayyad, Mohammad Raed 2 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ayyad, Fathi Mohammad Rami 19 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ehsan Akeela, Mohammad Raed Mohammad Ziad Ali Zabout, 23 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Mohammad Ali Mohared Jundiyya, 38 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ahmad al-Jammal,Marah Shaker 2 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Marwan Monir Saleh Qonfid, 23 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 37 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Sarsawy, Maisa Abdul-Rahman 13 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Marwa Salman Ahmad Sarsawy, Mos›ab el-Kheir Salah ed-Din Skafi, 27 , Shujaeyya - Gaza 42 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ayyad, Mona Abdul-Rahman 25 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Halla Sobhi Sa›dy Ayyad, Mustafa, 62 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Ahmad Younis Younis Salem Hatmo Habib, 62 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Yousef Abu Ammouna, 55 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Fatima Ahmad Mohammad Azzam, 19 , Shujaeyya - Gaza Shujaeyya - Gaza Ismael al-Kordi, Ahmad Abu Jame’ ( 60 ), the family matriarch, Khan Younis. Fatima and her family: Sabah Abu Jame› ( 35 ), Her daughter-in-law Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 14 ), Khan Younis. Tawfiq Razan Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 13 ), Khan Younis. Jawdat Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame›, ( 12 ), Khan Younis. Tawfiq Aya Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 9 ), Khan Younis. Haifaa Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 8 ), Khan Younis. Ahmad Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 7 ), Khan Younis. Maysaa Tawfiq Ahmad Abu Jame› ( 4 ), Khan Younis. Tawfiq Tawfiq Muhammad Abu Jame› ( 29 ), pregnant. (Fatima’s Shahi Abed Rabo ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. Abed Rabo Ali Sha’boub ash-Shinbari, northern Gaza. Souha Musleh, northern Gaza. Mohammad al-Kafarna, Beit Hanoun. 26 , Khan Younis. Naji Jamal al-Fajm, Deir al-Balah. Ebtehal Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Deir al-Balah. Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Yousef Deir al-Balah. Eman Ibrahim ar-Remahi, Salwa Abu Mneifi, Khan Younis. 27 , Deir al-Balah. Abdullah Ismael al-Baheessy, Mos’ab Saleh Salama, 19 , Khan Younis. 38 , Nusseirat. Ibrahim Nasr Haroun, Mahmoud Suleiman Abu Sabha, 55 , Khan Younis. 60 , Gaza City. Hasan Khader Baker, Jamal Harb, 32 , Rafah. Wa’el 21 , Khan Younis. Suleiman Abu Daher, Haitham Samir al-Agha, 26 , Khan Younis. Hasan Azzam, 70 , Gaza. Fatima Mariam Hasan Azzam, 50 , Gaza. 2 , Rafah. Ahmad Abu Mour, Yasmeen Samer Zuheri Sawafiri, 29 , Rafah. 36 , Khan Younis Mohammad Mousa Fayyad, al-Kharwat,Mona Rami 4 , Gaza. Soha Na’im al-Kharwat, 25 , Gaza. 17 , Gaza. Ahmad Salah Abu Siedo, killed Mohammad Khalil Aref Ahl, 65 , Gaza, (remains located Tuesday, during Sheja’eyya Massacre, Sunday). Mahmoud Salim Daraj, 22 , Jabalia. Abu Hweishel, 40 , Nusseirat. Radhi Obeida Abu Hweishel, 15 , Nusseirat. Abu Mustafa, 27 , Nusseirat. Yousef Nour al-Islam Abu Hweishel, 12 , Nusseirat. Abu Mustafa, 20 , Nusseirat. Fawza Yousef 27 , Khan Younis. Sammour, Hani Awad 24 , Nusseirat. Ahmad Ibhrahim Shbeir, 24 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Jalal al-Jarf, Salah, 22 , Al-Boreij. Raed Ahmad Nassim Saleh, 23 , Al-Boreij. Mahmoud Ghanem, 22 Al-Boreij. 24 . Mustafa Mohammad Mahmoud Fayyad, 29 , Central District. Ahmad Issam Wishah, Ahmad Kamel Abu Mgheiseb, 35 , Central District. Abu Mgheiseb, 35 , Central District. Abdul-Rahman Raed Abu Mgheiseb, 35 , Central District. Nader Abdul-Rahman 30 , Central District Ahmad Mohammad Ramadan, Khalaf Atiyya Abu Sneima, 18 , Rafah. Khalil Atiyya Abu Sneima, 20 , Rafah. Samih Abu Jalala, 64 . Rafah. 75 , Rafah. Hakima Nafe’ Abu ‘Adwan, 85 Rafah. Najah Nafe’ Abu ‘Adwan, Mohammad Shehada Hajjaj, 31 , Rafah. Hajjaj, 66 , Rafah. Saleh Abdul-Rahman Fawza Ziad Jom’a Hajjaj, 28 . Gaza City. Rawan Mos’ab Nafeth al-Ejla, 30 . Sheja’eyya Gaza. Hajjaj, 22 , Gaza. Fayeq Tareq Ahmad Ziad Hajjaj, 21 Gaza. 28 al-Maghazi, Gaza. Hasan Sha’ban Khamisy, Ahmad As’ad al-Boudi, 24 , Beit Lahia. 17 , Gaza. Ahmad Salah Abu Seedo, 22 , Sheja’eyya - Gaza (Killed Sunday, Salem Khalil Shemaly, Body Located Tuesday) 38 , Khan Younis. Ibrahim Sammour, Atiyya Mohammad Hasan ad-Da’alsa, 34 , Nusseirat. 34 , central Gaza. Atiyya Mohammad Abdul-Raziq, 25 , Khan Younis. al-Farra, Abdullah Awni (found under the rubble of his home) Hamada ‘Olewa, Zaitoun. Mohammad Suleiman an-Najjar, Khuza›a, Khan Younis. Mohammad Suleiman an-Najjar, 20 , Jabalia Bilal Zayad ‹Alwan, Majed Mahmoud Mohammad Hamid, 28 , Jabalia. Mohammed Ibrahim Abu Daqqa, 42 , Khuza›a, Khan Younis Akram Ibrahim Abu Daqqa, 50 , Khuza›a, Khan Younis. northern Gaza. toddler, Salameh al-Rade›a, Ismail Hassan Abu Rjeila, 75 , Khan Younis. Nafeth Suleiman Qdeih, 45 , Khan Younis. Nabil Shehda Qdeih, 45 , Khan Younis. 13 , Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Baker Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Shadi Yusef Khan Younis. Mohammad Ahmad Najjar, Khan Younis. Anwar Ahmad Najjar, Anwar Ahmad Abu Daqqa, Khan Younis. Sami Mousa Abu Daqqa, Khan Younis. Adli Khalil Abu Daqqa,Khan Younis. Kamal Mahmoud Abu Daqqa, 54 , Khan Younis. ‘Atef Shoeban Moussa Abu Hiya, 64 , Khan Younis. Khan Younis Ahmad Abdul-Karim Hasan, ‘Ola Abu Aida, 27 , Zahra - Khan Younis. Zahra – Khan Younis. Mohammad Ismael Khader, Anas Akram Skafi, 18 , Shujaeyya - Gaza. Sa’ad Akram Skafi, 18 (twin brother) Shujaeyya - Gaza. Beit Hanoun Mohammad Jihad Matar, Beit Hanoun. Hanan Jihad Matar, Mohammad Hamad, Beit Hanoun Tamam Khader Khalil al-Louh, 50 , Atatra, Northern Gaza Khan Younis Mousa Abu Reeda, Rasmi 22 , Khan Younis. Mahmoud Abu Reeda, Mohammad Radi Khan Younis Mohammad Abu Yousef, Ahmad Qdeih, Khan Younis Qdeih, Khan Younis Rami Badr Hatem Qdeih, 13 , Khuza’a, Khan Younis. Anas Hatem Suleiman Qdeih, 7 , Khuza’a, Khan Younis. 42 , Khuza’a, Khan Younis. Hanafi Mahmoud Abu Yousef, 21 , Sheja’eyya. Abdel Aziz Nour El Din Noor, Amir Adel Khamis Siam 12 , Rafah. Siam, 24 , Rafah. Issam Faisal 49 , Rafah. Mahmoud Silmy Salim Abu Rowaished, Ahmed Abu Jm›ean Hji›er 19 , Al-Bureij. Mohamed El Azab, 26 , Deir al-Balah. Amer Abdul-Raouf 17 , Sheja’eyya. Thaer Ahed Owda Shamaly, Mansoub Al-Qadi, 19 . (had been in Egyptian hospital) Mohammed Yousef 27 (had been in Egyptian hospital) Ahmed Abu Moor, Yasmin Mohammad Suleiman Nimr ‘Oqal, 34 25 , Khan Younis. Abu Jazr, Mohammed Rateb 23 , Khan Younis. Abu Jazr, Hisham Mohammad Farhan 48 , Khan Younis. Abu Jazr, Mohammed Farhan Shadi Suleiman Kawar›e, 31 , Khan Younis. Abu Owda 17 , UN School, Beit Hanoun. Ra›ed 13 , Khan Younis Ashraf Ibrahim Hasan Najjar, 12 , Khan Younis Abdin, Mahmoud Jihad Awad Khan Younis Najjar, Ahmad Talal 25 , Khan Younis Mohammad Samir Abdul-Al an-Najjar, Khan Younis. Mahmoud Abdo an-Najjar, Sana’ Hasan Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis Nabil Mahmoud Mohammad al-Astal, 12 , Khan Younis Ashraf Mahmoud Mohammad al-Astal, Khan Younis Mahmoud Suleiman al-Astal, 17 , Khan Younis Laila Ibrahim Zo’rob, 40 , Rafah 24 , Beit Lahia Mahmoud As’ad Ghaban, 27 , Zeitoun - Gaza Ibrahim Jihad Abu Laban, 12 , Khan Younis Abdin, Mahmoud Jihad Awad 36 months, Gaza Ibrahim Sheikh Omar, 70 , Shejaeyya, Gaza. Hasan Abu Hayyin, 26 , Sheja’eyya, Gaza. Abu Hayyin, Abdul-Rahman 34 , Beit Lahia. Osama Bahjat Rajab, Mohammad Daoud Hammouda, 33 , Beit Lahia. 18 , Khan Younis. Hamza Ziyada Abu ‘Anza, was seriously injured Saddam Ibrahim Abu Assi, 23 , Khan Younis, died Wednesday. Tuesday, 17 , Khan Younis Najjar, ‘Ala Wisam Mohammad Mansour al-Bashiti, 8 , Khan Younis. Ali Mansour Hamdi al-Bashiti, 1 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Riyadh Sha’aban Shabt, 23 . Mohammad Naim Salah Abu T’aima, 12 , Khan Younis. Salem Abdullah Mousa Abu T’aima, 36 , Khan Younis. Ismail Abu Tharifa, Khan Younis. child, Khan Younis. Zeinab Abu Teir, 22 , Khan Younis. Abu Redya, Mohammad Radi (Mohammad’s wife) Khan Younis Shama Shahin, Mojahed Marwan Skafi, 20 , Sheja’eyya, Gaza. Adnan Ghazi Habib, 23 , central Gaza. 24 , Khan Younis Ibrahim Ahmad Shbeir, 24 , northern Gaza. Mustafa Mohammad Mahmoud Fayyad, Nidal Hamdi Diab al-‘Ejla, 31 , Gaza. Khalil Abu Jame’, Khan Younis. Husam al-Qarra, Khan Younis Qassem, 12 , Northern Gaza Rabea’ Hasan Salah Abu Jamous, 29 , Khan Younis 22 , Khan Younis Khaled al-‘Abadla, Mahmoud Yousef 22 , Khan Younis al-‘Abadla, Nour Abdul-Rahim al-Astal, Khan Younis. Mohammad Farid ad-Dadda, 39 , Gaza. Mohammad Abdul-Ra’ouf Ahmad Mohammad Darwish Bolbol, 20 , Gaza. Ahmad Nabil Abu Morad, 21 , Gaza. Ibrahim Omar al-Hallaq, 40 , Khan Younis 23 , Khan Younis Maher Awwad, Wael Ahmad Mahmoud Sohweil, 23 , Khan Younis Issam Ismael Abu Shaqra, 42 , Khan Younis Ibrahim Abu Shaqra, 17 , Khan Younis Abdul-Rahman Mohammad Ahmad Akram Abu Shaqra, 17 , Khan Younis Ahmad as-Saqqa, 17 , Khan Younis 19 , Zeitoun – Gaza Nayef ath-Thatha, Nayef Fayez 24 , Zeitoun – Gaza Nayef Maher ath-Thatha, 24 , Gaza. Nayef Maher ath-Thatha, Jihad Hussein Mahmoud Hamad, 20 Hamad Ali Khattab, 26 , Deir al-Balah<--corrected --> ‘Ala Abdul-Qader Jamil al-Khalidi, 23 , al-Boreij Ahmad, 16 , Beit Lahia Adham Yousef Ayman 25 , Beit Lahia Bilal Ali Ahmad Abu ‘Athra, Abdul-Karim Nassar Saleh Abu Jarmi, 24 , Beit Lahia 9 , central Gaza. Saoud Suweidan, Ay months, Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). 24 , Gaza City. Mohammed ‹Essam Dib Abu Balta, 28 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mahmoud al-›Eish, 23 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mahmoud Ra›ed ‹Abdul Qader Malek Habib, 31 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Fadi Abdul-Khader Abdul-Malik Habib, 38 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled Farid from rubble). 18 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Dhaher, Adham Majed Yousef Hajjaj, 32 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled Mohammad Mahmoud Rajab from rubble). Mohammad Ahmed Kamel Abu al-›Ata, 32 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mohammad Mahmoud Sa›id Abu al-›Ata, 28 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Mohammed Riad Sha›ban Shabet, 25 , at-Tuffah. Rafah. Hisham Abdul-Karim Ahmad Abu Mour, Mohammad Ibrahim Ahmad az-Zweidi, 30 , Beit Lahia. 19 , Beit Lahia. Ala› Maher Juma› Tamtish, Abdul-Jawad Ali Abul-Jawad Al-Houm. 22 . Ehab Sa›dy Mohammad Nassr, Mohammad Abdullah Hussein al-Jawajri. SofyanWisam Omar al-Kilani, 27 . A›ed Mahmoud Ahmad al-Bura›i, 29 , medic, Beit Hanoun. 33 , northern Gaza. Abdul-Karim Nassar, Munther Talal 24 . Abdul-Karim Nassar, Talal Tamer 25 , northern Gaza. Mohammad Nassar, Ala› Abdul-Rahman 18 , northern Gaza. Nassar, Ismail Abdul-Rahman Taher 26 , Gaza City. Mohammad al-Hamdin, Sharif Rafiq 21 , Gaza City. Ala› Khaled Najib al-Yaziji, Jihad Mahmoud Hamed al-Hilu, 59 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Siham ‹Ata al-Hilu, 57 , Sheja›eyya(body pulled from rubble). Mohammad Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 29 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 20 , Sheja›eyya(body pulled from rubble). Tahreer Najiya Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 15 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Ahmad Jihad Mahmoud al-Hilu, 27 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). al-Hilu, 25 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Hidaya Talal Maram Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 2 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Abdul-Kareem Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 1 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled from rubble). Karam Ahmad Jihad al-Hilu, 5 Anwar Salem Burai›em 39 , central Gaza (died of earlier wounds) Ayman Suleiman Zaki ‹Abdul Mawla al-Dardissi, 27 , Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble). pulled Ahmad Shawqi Mohammad Sa›ada, 37 , Khan Younis.(body from rubble). 25 , Khan Younis.(body Mohammed Ibrahim Hamdan Abu T›aima, pulled from rubble). pulled 33 , Khan Younis.(body Khalil Hamdan Abu T›aima, Ra›ed from rubble). pulled Mamdouh Mallahi Suleiman Abu Naja, 24 , Khan Younis.(body from rubble). pulled from rubble). Akram Ismail al-Ghalban, 22 , Khan Younis.(body Ayman pulled from rubble). 22 , Khan Younis.(body Jihad Naji Abu ‹Aamer, pulled from rubble). 40 , Khan Younis.(body Mosallam Fayad, Rashed Rabah pulled from rubble). Mahmoud Sa›d al-Masri, 22 , Khan Younis.(body Fadi pulled from rubble). al-Sadi, 24 , Khan Younis.(body Eyad Yousef pulled from rubble). Salem Mustafa al-Hadhidi, 18 , Khan Younis.(body pulled from rubble). Nasser ‹Abdu Shurrab, 22 , Khan Younis.(body Wassim pulled from rubble). ‹Ali Mohammed al-Astal, 32 , Khan Younis.(body Ahmad Abu Amsha, 67 . Fawzi Na›ma Mohammad Hussein Abu Amsha, 64 . Salah Abu Riziq Al-Masri. Wassim 19 . Saed Munir Shida Abu Khater, Hamdouna, 22 . Amar Mustafa Rashid Mohammad Moehsin al-Ajrami, 25 . Tariq Hamza Mazin Khalil Madhi, 23 . Abdullah Khalla, 21 . Ismail Younis Ahmad Saadat, 24 . Yusef Abdul-Rahman 30 . Khaled Abdullah Mahmoud Adwan, Osama Mohammad Nassr al-Kafarneh, 50 . Khaled ‹Ata Mohammad Abu Shehadeh, 23 . Hani ‹Adel Mohammad Abu Hashish, 23 . Mohammad Ahmad Abu Dawabe›, 19 . Mohammad Ali Khalil Saidam, 17 . Barak, 19 . Ibrahim Mohammad Awad Bilal Bassam Salem al-Masri, 21 . 2 . Anwar Abdul-Khader Hasan Younis, 27 . Arafat Salem Ahmad Abu Oweily, 23 . Sha›ban al-Sharif, Mohammad Fayez 24 , Central District Mahmoud al-Sharif, Hossam Mohammad Suleiman Abu Ghneifi, 18 . Suleiman Abu Kamil, 25 . Ghassan Taher Ismail Abdul-Jawad Ismail Abu Sa›ada, 26 . Mahmoud Riyadh Abdul-Khader Miq›dad, 22 . 31 . Suleiman Abu Joerban, Mazin Yusef al-Jamal, Ahmad Shaker 46 . Shaker 31 . al-At-Toame, Fa›eq Faisal al-Moebid, 34 . Abdul-Rahman Hazem Yusef Abdullah Nabil Abdul-Khader al-Batsh, 21 . Sharif Jalal Hasan al-Karshali, 27 . Mohammad Arafat Saleh Khalil al-Ghamare, 33 . 27 . Shoeban Abed Ommar, Abdul-Raziq 22 . Amjad Nahedh Ala› al-Sarefy, 18 . Daher, Adham Majed Yousef Hamza Hassan Mahmoud Halas, 25 . Ahmad Mousa Ahl, 75 . Mohammad Hussein Hasan al-Nasri. 22 . Mahmoud Husam Mohammad Mansour, Ali, 20 . Mosab Mustafa Rajeb Mo›amin Mustafa Mahmoud al-Kasha. Eyas Ahmad Mohammad Abu Ouda, 28 . Nidal Khaled Mohammad Khalil, 20 . Qassim, 30 . Nader Majdi Abdul-Rahman Eman Ibrahim Suleiman al-Ghandour. 32 . Salmad Hamad al-Amour, Oweida, 27 . Rifat Nabil Ramadan 25 . Ashraf Qassim Mansour Wafi, Oweida, 36 . Baha Rafiq Ahmad Barham Oleiman Abu Daqqa Mohammad Aish an-Najjar ‹Abdul Karim Fathi Ahmed al-›Ar›ir, 34 , Gaza City (body pulled from rubble). Ahmed al-›Ar›ir, ‹Abdul Karim Fathi 20 , Gaza City (body pulled from rubble). al-›Ar›ir, Sami Fathi Fathi 48 , Gaza City (body pulled from rubble). Mohammed Badwan, Khaled Yousef 16 , Gaza City (body pulled from rubble). Badwan, Azmi Khaled Yousef 28 , Sheja›eyya (body pulled Ziad Hassan Abu Hain, ‹Abdul Rahman from rubble). Yassin Mustafa al-Astal, 38 , Khan Younis. Yassin Salem Hasan al-Breem, 65 , Khan Younis. Yosra Mohammad Issa Khaled Hajji, 24 , Gaza City. Hasan Hussein al-Howwari, 39 , Gaza City. Gaza City. Hosam Rabhi, a medic, Beit Hanoun. Hamed al-Bora›ey, Mohammad Matar al-›Abadla, 32 , medic, Khuza›a, Khan Younis. Beit Lahia. Husam Mohammad Najjar, Sha’ban Abdul-Aziz al-Jamal, Beit Lahia. Dardouna, Beit Lahia. Mohammad Wisam Beit Lahia. Ala’ Joudy Khader, Ahmad Rif’at 23 , Khan Younis. Ar-Roqab, Salman al-Breem, 27 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Hasan Abdul-Qader al-Astal, 43 , Khan Younis. Ismael Mohammad al-Astal, 48 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Mohammad Ismael al-Astal, 20 , Khan Younis. Mahmoud Mohammad Ismael al-Astal, 19 . Mohammad Saleh al-Astal, 18 . Malak Amin Ahmad al-Astal, 24 , Khan Younis. Tha’er Omran Khamis al-Astal, 30 . Milad Omran al-Astal, 29 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Omran Khamis al-Astal, 33 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Thaer Omran al-Astal, 33 , Khan Younis. Amin Thaer Omran al-Astal, 3 Khan Younis. Nada Thaer Omran al-Astal, 5 , Khan Younis. Sa’dy Mustafa al-Batsh, 23 , Gaza. Yazid Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Aita, 67 , Jabalia. Ahmad Ibrahim Abdullah Abu Aita, 30 , Jabalia. Jamila Salim Abu Aita, 55 , Jabalia. Adham Ahmad Abu Aita, 4 , Jabalia. Mohammad Ibrahim Abu Aita, 32 , Jabalia. 21 , Central District. Khalil Nasser Aita Wishah, Ahmad Ibrahim Sa’ad al-Qar’an, 26 , Central District. Abdul Nabi, 3 , Jabalia Hadi Abdul-Hamid Abdul-Fatah Abdul-Hadi Abdul-Hamid Abdul Nabi, 2 , Jabalia. Abdul Nabi, 1 , Jabalia. Mahmoud Abdul-Fatah Abdul-Rahman Ibrahim Abu ‹Arbaid, Beit Hanoun Yahia Ismael Shahin, 27 , Rafah. Ismael Shahin, Baha’ ed-Deen al-Gharib, Rafah. Ola Baha’ ed-Deen al-Gharib, Rafah. 15 , Northern Gaza. Nasr Jaber, Tahrir 2 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Ata Najjar, 3 , Khan Younis. Ata Najjar, Rafif Baha› ed-Deen Khatib, (Journalist), Rafah. ‹Ola Baha› ed-Deen Khatib, Rafah. Khan Younis. Abu Amer, Waddah Khan Younis. Ahmad Suleiman Abu Amer, Khan Younis. Mohammed Ahmad Abu Amer, Marwa Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Marah Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Ahmad Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Yasser Khan Younis. Suleiman Ahmad Abu Amer, Moha Hajjaj Abu Amer , Khan Younis. Mos›ab Ahmad Sweih, 17 , Gaza. Nariman Khalil al-Agha, 39 , Gaza. 23 , Gaza. Ali Mohammad Abu Ma›rouf, northern Gaza. Bashir al-Hajjar, Dr. northern Gaza. Samir al-Hajjar, Hana’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Doa’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Esra’ Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Mariam Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Na’im Balata, Jabalia. Yahia Sahar Motawe’ Balata, Jabalia. Naim Nathmi, Jabalia. 6 , Khan Younis Zaher Ahmad Najjar, Suleiman Mos›ad Barham al-Hishash, 30 , Rafah. Lafi, 50 , Rafah. Jamal Ramadan Karam Abu Zeid, 1 . Samih Jebriel Jneid, 4 , Jabalia. Mohammad Abu Louz, 22 , Jabalia. Ahmad Abdullah Hasan Abu Zeid, Rafah. Ahmad Salama Abu Zeid, Rafah. Widad Abu Zeid, Rafah. Sham›a Wael Mariam Marzouq Abu Zeid, Rafah. Mohammad Abu Zeid, Rafah. Falasteen Abdullah Nidal Abu Zeid (child), Rafah. Bissan Eyad Abu Zeid, Rafah. Abdul-Hadi Abu Zeid (Child 9 , Rafah. 42 , Khan Younis. Seham Najjar, 16 , Central District. Abdul-Samad Mahmoud Ahmad Ramadan, 25 , Central District. Adnan Mousa Shaker, Ayman Mousa, 61 , Central District. Issa Kamel Abdul-Rahman 59 , Central District. Salem Mousa Badawi al-Far, Central District. Hussein Ahmad al-Far, Ramzi Central District. Salem Mohammad al-Far, 59 , Central District. Al-Faleet, Azza Abdul-Karim Abdul-Rahman Mohammad Jom’a Shaat, 30 , Khan Younis. 30 , Khan Younis. al-‘Agha, Mohammad Fadel Marwa Nader al-Agha, Khan Younis. Ahmad Nader Al-Agha, Khan Younis. Donia Nader al-Agha, 13 , Khan Younis. died of earlier injuries. Ikram ash-Shinbari, 23 , Gaza City, died of earlier injuries. Jamil Sobhi Hammouda, 16 , Gaza City, Yusef Ibrahim Khalil ad-Derawi, 27 , central District. 26 , central District. Ala Nahedh Matar, Abu Shammala, 33 , central District Hazem Fayez Issam Abdul-Karim Abu Sa’ada, Khan Younis. Ahmad Abu Sweirej, 23 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. 29 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Mohammad Abu Haroun, Baraka, Gaza, child, died of earlier injuries. Fadi Baha’ ed-Deen Ahmad Sa’id, al-Maghazi, died of earlier injuries. Abed Shehada al-Masri, 24 , Shuja›eyya, Gaza. Yousef Khaled Abdul-Sattar Samhoud, Khan Younis. Gaza City. Ayyad, Jalila Faraj Essam Ibrahim Abu Shab 42 . Mohammad Siyam, 15 , Rafah. Hussein Hasan Abu an-Naja, 65 , Khan Younis. Imad Jami al-Abed al-Bardaweel, 44 , Gaza. 17 , Gaza. Husam Abdul-Ghani Yassin, 54 , Gaza. Ismael Abdul-Qader al-Kojok, Mohammad Said Hosni as-Saqqa, 20 , Gaza. Islam Ibrahim an-Naji, 19 . Gaza. Mohammad Ahmad Matar al-Abadla, 32 , Gaza. Salem Hasan al-Breem, 56 , Gaza. Yosra Mohammad Khalil al-Breem, Gaza. 34 . Ibrahim Salman Qabalan, 19 , Gaza. Mohammad Ahmad Abu Wadia, Salam Ermeilat, 39 , Deir al-Balah. Abdullah ‘Ayesh Khan Younis. Eman Hasan ar-Roqab, 11 , Khan Younis. Bara› Mahmoud ar-Roqab, 59 , Khan Younis. Khalil Mohammad an-Najjar, Khan Younis. Jona an-Najjar, Khan Younis. Ekhlas Najjar, Khan Younis. Amna an-Najjar, 19 , Khan Younis. Majed Sameer an-Najjar, 56 , Khan Younis. Ghalia Mohammed an-Najjar, 14 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Khaled Mohammad an-Najjar, 23 , Khan Younis. Eman Salah Mahmoud an-Najjar, 50 , Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Sumayya Harb Yousef Kifah Samir Hasan an-Najjar 23 , Khan Younis. 17 , Khan Younis. Khaled Mohammad an-Najjar, Rawan 7 , Khan Younis. Husam Hussein an-Najjar, 2 , Khan Younis. Samir Hussein an-Najjar, 6 , Khan Younis. Moa’taz Hussein Samir an-Najjar, 4 , Khan Younis. Ulfat Hussein Samir an-Najjar, Ikhlas Sameer Hussein Abu Shahla, 30 , Khan Younis. Amir Hammoudeh Khaled Abu Shahla, 3 , Khan Younis. Amira Hammoudeh Khaled Abu Shahla, 1 , Khan Younis. Islam Hammoudeh Abu Shahla, 4 , Khan Younis. Bassam Khaled Abu Shahla, 44 , Khan Younis. al-Breem, 19 Riham Fayez Gaza City. At-Tawaneh, Fadel 27 , Central District. Arafat Salem Abu Oweily, Central District. Ouda at-Tilbani, Abdul-Rahman Nidal Ahmad ‹Issa Abu al-›Asal, 27 , Rafah. 87 , Rafah. Salim Salaam Abu ath-Thoum, 36 , Deir al-Balah Naim Abdul Aziz Abu Zaher, Abdul-Hamid Mohammad Al-Maghrabi, 31 . 36 . Abdul-Majeed Abdullah al-A’ady, Hamad Mohammad Ala Sheikh Salim, 30 . 30 . Said al-Ayeer, Mohammad Rafiq Abdul-Hakim as-Sheikh Khalil, 25 . ‘Amro 22 . Yassin, Shadi Kamal Ramadan Mohammad Issam Deeb Abu Dalfa, 25 . S Suhaib Salleh Salama 23 , Gaza City al-Astal 35 , Gaza City Ibrahim Yusuf Aassem Ahmed Baraka 25 , Khan Younis. Mayar Jamal Abu musbeh, 9 yrs, Deir al-Balah Abu Hazaa›, 25 , Deir al-Balah Mohammad Tayseer 19 , Khan Younis. Naji Ahmad al-Raqqab, 35 , Khan Younis. Khaled al-Raqqab, Ramy Mahmoud Osama al-Qosas, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Shadi Abd al-Kareem Farwana, Mustafa Abd al-Samiee al-Ubadala, Khan Younis. Mohammad Abdullah al-Aqqad, 49 , Khan Younis. Yahiya Emad Qaddoura, child, Jabalia. Yusef Huna Emad Qaddoura, child, Jabalia. child, Jabalia. Mohammad Musa Alwan, 70 , Jabalia. Mariam Khalil Ruba, Hani Abu Khalifa, Jabalia. Soheila al-›Ejel, 70 , Gaza City. Mo›nes Ahmad, Nusseirat, Central Gaza. 23 , Rafah. Ezzat Dheir, 80 , Rafah. Dheir, Turkeyya 25 , Rafah. Dheir, Yasmeen 12 , Rafah. Mary Dheir, 8 , Rafah. Dheir, Tasneem Beit Lahia. Soheil Hasan Nassar, Anis Abu Shammala, Al-Boreij (Mayor). Samir Qeshta, 30 , Rafah. Ayman 45 years, Rafah. Ahmad Mohammad Hassanein, Gaza. Ahmad Mohammad Hassanein, Basil Diab al-Basyouni. 29 , Khan Younis. Shadi Mohammad Jom’a Abu Daher, Hasan Abdul-Majid al-Bayyoumi, Deir al-Balah. 20 , Shuja›eyya, Gaza. Hassanein, Mohammad Reziq Ibrahim Sulayman Al-Masri, 50 yrs, Rafah. Al-Masri, Nadia Yousef Ibrahim Al-Masri, 6 years, Rafah. Mohamed Anas Arafat, 4 months, Rafah. Anas Ibrahim Hamad, 5 years, Rafah. Sabri Shaykh Al-Eid, 35 years, Rafah. Mohammed Khalid Al-Aloul, 30 years, Rafah. Ibrahim Mostafa Ghaneem, Rafah. Rafah. Amna Azamaly, Abd Al-Karim Lafi, Rafah. Yahya Rafah. Musa Mohamed Abu Omran, Rafah. Hilal Eid Abu Omran, Rafah. Salama Mohamed Al-Zamaly, Nuha Jamal Abu Ziyada, Rafah. Ali Moamir› , Rafah. Taiseer Hussein Salaam Al-Jaafari, Rafah. Rafah. Mohamed Abu Hazir, Yousra Ataf Hamad Al-Mahmoum, Rafah. Rafah. Mousa Ibrahim Abu Hazir, Al-Abeed, 4 years, Central Gaza. Ahmed Wisam Souad Ali Al-Bahri, 60 years, Beit Lahia. Samal Nail Al-Barawi, 8 months, Beit Lahia. Osama Abdul-Malik Abu Mualla, 37 years, Nuseirat Atif Sohail Kandil 24 years, Maghazi 24 years, Gaza City Nihad Mohammed Yasin 16 years, Gaza City Yassin Tareq Faiz 32 years old, Gaza City. Hassan Ismail Yassin, Ambulance officer Atef Zamili, Rafah. pathologist Joseph Jameen Sheikh Eid, Rafah. Jaber Drabiah, Rafah ambulance volunteer Yousef Sha›ath, Khan Younis. Wajih Al-Qawasmi , Khan Younis. Fadi Ali Barbakh , Khan Younis. Aseel Sha’ban Gheith, 3 , Rafah. Gheith, 35 , Rafah. Sufian Farouq Gheith, 65 , Rafah. Farouq Ahlam No’man Zo’rob, 18 , Rafah. Sabiha Zo’rob, 55 , Rafah. Zo’rob, 7 , Rafah. Amir Ra’fat Zo’rob, 7 , Rafah. Odai Ra’fat Nath’at Siyam, 12 , Rafah. Rawan Su’ad No’man Zo’rob, 34 , Rafat. Zo’rob, 10 , Rafah. Shahd Ra’fat Zo’rob, 8 , Rafah. Khaled Ra’fat Suleiman Baraka, 31 , Gaza. Aref Baraka, 58 , Gaza. Ahmed al-Loah, 22 , Gaza. 19 . Gaza. Baraa› Yousef, Maha Abdul-Nabi Salim Abu Hilal, Rafah. Majdi Mohammad Ahmad Fseifis, 34 , Khan Younis. 32 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Juma’ an-Najjar, Hani Abdullah Abu Mustafa, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Abu T›aima, Hanan Yusef Khan Younis. Mahar an-Najjar, Khan Younis. an-Najjar, Mahmoud Fouad Gaza. Mohammad Daher, Nader Almeghari, 27 , Rafah. Fadel 58 , Khan Younis. Mahdiyya Suleiman Omar Abu Louly, 22 , Khan Younis. Tha›er Naji al-Amour, Al-Abadla, 21 , Khan Younis. Mohammed Yousef Abdullah abu Shabab 20 , Khan Younis. Alaa› ‹Alweh 22 , Khan Younis. Ahmed Salim Abdin , Khan Younis. Mohamed Ahmed Hamad, Khan Younis. Atiyyeh Salameh al-Hashash, 68 , Rafah. Ahmad al-Haddad, 20 , eastern Gaza City. Hamza Fa›ek Ibrahim Asa›ad Ahmad al-Haddad, 21 , eastern Gaza City. 10 , Gaza City. Mohammad Ammar Sharaf, Na›eem, Gaza Old City. Mohammed Ra›fat Na›eem, Gaza Old City. Husam Ra’fat Kamal Abdul-karim al-Louh, 32 , Deir al-Bala. Ibrahim Abdul-karim al-Louh, 29 , Deir al-Bala. Khaled Nasr al-Louh, 46 , Deir al-Bala. Amaal Abdul-karim al-Masri, 48 , Deir al-Bala. al-Louh, 27 , Deir al-Bala. Ilham Yahya 63 , Khan Younis. Samih Kamal Abu al-Kheir, 17 , Khan Younis. ‘Abdeen, Othman Fawzi Nusseirat. Siham al-Ham, Khan Younis, Nusseirat. Mohammad Adel Ashour, Nusseirat. Ashraf Ashour, Renad Nusseirat. Abeer Nahed al-‘Ata, Naima Darwish Abu Shouq, Nusseirat. Abu Maktoum, Nusseirat. Zaher Tawfiq Nusseirat. al-‘Asa, Ama’ Rafat Hasan Nassr Zaqqout, Nusseirat. Labibeh Abu Shouqa, 23 , Nusseirat. al-Majayda, Khan Younis. Ahmad Mohammad Yassin Ali Mahmoud al-Astal, 23 , Khan Younis. Khaled Salim al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Salim al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Ibrahim al-Astal, 21 , Khan Younis. Ramzi Odah Ahmad al-Astal, 25 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Mahmoud Suleiman al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Ibrahim Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis. Khalil Ibrahim Ali al-Astal, Khan Younis. Ezzedddin Jabr Mohammad al-Astal, Khan Younis. Mohammad Mahmoud al-Astal, Khan Younis Mohammad Abdul-Sattar al-Abadla, 21 , Khan Younis. Mahmoud Jaber al-Agha, 23 , Khan Younis. Fahd Asma’ Abu al-Kaas, 16 , al-Boreij, Central Gaza. 51 , Rafah. Shihda Marzouq Moammar, Walid 11 , Gaza. Sojoud Abdul-Hakim Oleyyan, Issam Jaber al-Khatib, Jabalia. Sa’id Abu Jalala, Jabalia. Hammad, Jabalia. Taiseer Jabalia. Lu’ay al-Feery, Jabalia. Bassem Khaled Najjar, Jabalia. Tha’er Khaled Najjar, Osama Mohammad Sohweil, Jabalia. Jabalia. Bilal Midhat al-‘Amoudi, Jabalia. Abdullah Midhat al-‘Amoudi, Jabalia. Mohammad Mousa Ghaban, Jabalia. Khader Salman, Ramadan Jabalia. Alaa› Khader Salman, Jabalia. Ali Ahmad Shaheen, Barakat, Jabalia. Rami Adel Mohammad Abu Qamar Jabalia. Mohammad Ezzat Abu Sweireh, 34 , Central District. 36 , Rafah. Hussein Mohammad Abu Rezeq, Team) National Football ‹Aed Zaqqout, Gaza City (coach of Palestine Abdul-Aziz Hosni Abu Hajras, 23 , Khan Younis. al-Breem, Khan Younis. Omar Awad Kamal Ahmad Al-Breem, 57 , Khan Younis. Jihad Salah Mohammed al-Breem, 28 , Khan Younis. Mariam Ahmad Hejazi, Khan Younis. Salah Hejazi, Khan Younis. Sabha Ibrahim Hejazi, Khan Younis. Ibrahim Mousa al-Ghalban, Khan Younis. Ismael Mahmoud al-Ghalban, Khan Younis. Khan Younis. Ahmad Suleiman Abu Amer, Khan You l-Karim Najm (son of Abdel-Karim) , northern Gaza. Najm, northern Gaza. Raghd Soha Najm, northern Gaza. Qassim, northern Gaza. Shimaa› Wael Ahmed Majdalawi, 7 years old, northern Gaza. Rowan Mohammad Ahmad Majdalawi, 6 years old, northern Gaza. Hadi Majdalawi , northern Gaza. Ras Mahmoud Abdel-Hadi Majdalawi , northern Gaza. Abdullah Majdalawi, northern Gaza. Abu Daba›a, 42 , Rafah. Khalil Mohammad Ramadan Munir Abu Daba›a, Rafah. Qassim Mahmoud Qassim, 40 , northern Gaza. Mohammad Sa›dy Ahmad, 37 , northern Gaza. Ahmad Qassem, Beit Lahia. Qassem Qassem, Bei ع Maida› Mohammad Aslan, 45 Days, Central Gaza (Died of earlier injuries Maida› Mohammad Aslan, suffered after the army bombarded her family home). (died at an Egyptian Hospital) Rafah Mohammad ar-Roumy, Ahmad Mohammad Atiyya al-Masri, 17 , Deir al-Balah Amani Abed al-Bakara, 35 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Mohammad Atiyya al-Masri, 14 , Deir al-Balah. 17 , Gaza. Anwar Mustafa Za’anin, 25 , Northern Gaza. Saqer Abdullah Reehan, Ehsan Hussein Kaware’, 24 , Khan Younis. Moath Azzam Abu Zeid, 37 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. 34 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Nidal Badran, Ziad Abdullah, 25 , Nusseirat, Central Gaza. Tareq 65 , al-Maghazi, Central Gaza. Abdul-Hakim Suleiman al-Masdar, 19 , al-Maghazi, Central Gaza. Moath Akram al-Masdar, 13 , Rafah. Aaya Nour ash-Sha’er, Ibrahim Zoheir ad-Dawawsa, 10 , Northern Gaza. Khan Younis. Mahmoud Mohammad Abu Haddaf, Khan Younis. Suleiman Samir Abu Haddaf, Khan Younis. Mahmoud Khaled Abu Haddaf., Ahmad Na’im ‘Okal, 22 , Rafah. At (Died Of His Wounds 32 , Khan Younis. Mohammad Jom’a Najjar, al-Maqassed Hospital in Jerusalem) ‹Oleywa, 12 , Gaza (Died Of Earlier Injuries) Nida Raed Sha›ban Suleiman ad-Dahdouh, 24 , Gaza. (Died on July 21 remains located under rubble) 23 , Gaza. Dia’ ed-Deen Mohammad al-Madhoun, Ahmad Banat, 22 , Gaza. Hamada Khalil al-Qaaq, Beit Lahia. Ahmad Khaled al-Qaaq, Beit Lahia. Beit Lahia. Suleiman Mohammad Ma’rouf, Zaher al-Andah, Beit Lahia. Beit Lahia. Abdul-Nasser al-Ajjoury, Abdul-Hai Salama al-Qreinawi, 45 , Gaza. Mohammad Sabri Atallah, 21 , Gaza. Mas’oud, 7 , Rafah. Raghd 44 , Jabalia (Northern Gaza) Daniel Abdullah Abu Mansour, Abdul-Nasser Ajjouri, Jabalia. (Northern Gaza) Ashraf Mashal, 25 , Rafah. Madhi, 23 , Rafah. Fadi camp) Northern Gaza. Aseel Mohammad al-Bakri, 8 , (Shati’ Refugee 23 , Rafah. Abu Mohsen, Saher Talal 18 , Rafah. Aseel Saleh Hussein Abu Mohsen, Ebtisam Hammad al-Mahmoum, 18 , Rafah. Hiba Mustafa al-Mahmoum, 7 , Rafah. Obada Mustafa al-Mahmoud, 3 , Rafah. Abdullah Hussein Mousa Mubarak, 50 , Northern Gaza. Mahmoud Zaki Lahham, 25 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Abdul-Halim Mohammad al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Darabiyyah, Northern Gaza. Walid Amro Mohjez, Northern Gaza. 60 , Gaza. Mohammad Saleh Shemaly, 22 , Gaza. Bhar, Mohammad Fawzi 20 , Gaza. Mohammad Hosni Sukkar, age 12 , Rafah. Mohammad Amjad Awida’, age 5 , Rafah. Amal Amjad Awida’, 24 , Rafah. Karam Mahrous Dahir, Ibrahim al-Masharawi, 30 , Gaza City. Ebtisam al-Bakri, 38 , Gaza City. Mahmoud Zaki al-Laham, 25 , Khan Younis. Ahmad Abdel-Halim Mohammad al-Astal, 26 , Khan Younis. Ismail Abu Hamad, 34 , Khan Younis. Fayez Saleh Ahmad al-Ghouti, 22 , Rafah 2 , Rafah. Abu Jazar, Fares Rafah. 2 , (Twins) Maria Abu Jazar, 23 , Rafah. Amani Abu Jazar, Rafah. Issa Sha’er, Saed Mahmoud al-Lahwani, Rafah. 50 , Jabalia. Wahdan, Hatem Abdul-Rahman 27 , Jabalia. Seniora Wahdan, Jabalia. Jamila Jamal Wahdan, 30 , Rafah. Mohammad al-Hour, Rafah. Nasrallah al-Masry, Mohammad Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Wael Ismael Mohammad al-Ghoul, Rafah. al-Ghoul, Rafah. Ismael Wael Khadra Khaled al-Ghoul, Rafah. Asma’ Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. al-Ghoul, Rafah. Malak Wael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Mustafa Wael Hanadi Ismael al-Ghoul, Rafah. Suleiman Khattab, 64 , Rafah. ‘Atwa al-›Attar (Khattab), Rafah. ‘Atwa Remas Khattab, Rafah. Mohammad ‘Atwa Khattab, Rafah Suleiman ‘Atwa Nevin Suleiman Khattab, Rafah Amira Ahmad Khattab Sharafi, 10 , Jabalia Abdul-Rahman Rajab Mahmoud Abdullah Sharafi, 26 , Jabalia Sharafi, 48 , Jabalia Najah Rajab Mahmoud ‘Okal, 60 , Rafah Turkiyya Elham Mohammad Mahmoud ‘Okal, 34 , Rafah Mahmoud As’ad Mohammad ‘Okal, 18 , Rafah Mahmoud Mohammad Na’im ‘Okal, 10 , Rafah Northern Gaza. ‹Ahed Badran, UN School, Rafah. Mohammad Abu Rajal, Sami Abdullah Qishta›, UN School, Rafah. UN School, Rafah. Sami Ismael Abu Shaouf, Ahmad Khaled Abu Harba›, UN School, Rafah. Mohammad Mosa›ed Qishta›, UN School, Rafah. Hazem Abdel-Baset Hilal, UN School, Rafah. UN School, Rafah. Abu al-Rous, Amr Tariq Ahmad Kamal al-Nahhal, UN School, Rafah. Akram Skafi, UN School, Rafah. Yousef UN School, Rafah. Sa›id Abu al-Rous, Tareq Abdul-Karim Najm, northern Gaza. Bilal Abdul-Karim Najm (son of Abdel-Karim) , northern Gaza. Ahmad Abd