CONNECTIVITY FOR THE REST TO US – CASE FOR TVWS

C3 Limited Postal Address: P.O. Box 31000, Blantyre 3, Physical Address: MPC Business Park, Chichiri E-Mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 8 3 4 5 6 7 15 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 - Summit on Community Networks nd Internet Society 2 FAR - Two Sector (Dual BTS) Three Sector – – Wi FAR Radios - Wi Use - MultiPoint MultiPoint Fi Hotspot Use Case - Channel Re Network Channel Planning Wi Network Relay (Layer 2) Point to Point to Unique Benefits of Coverage of Overview Communication Technologies Used by ISP’s in Malawi

Channel Planning Table of Contents Topologies and Configurations

Television White Spaces Introduction 1 – INTRODUCTION PHASE 1 – 4 C3 NETWORKINFRASTRUCTURE BUILD Africa - , , , , , , , , , , Ntaja , Mchinji , Chileka , Salima Mua , , Ntcheu , , Mchenga Zalewa Chitipa , , , Chikangawa Katumbi Summit on Community Networks Govati , , Chipoka , Chadzunda nd , , , Chisasu Bangula FAR base stations , , - , , Jenda Fi access points. , , Kapirinsundwe - , Wi Embangweni Madisi Marka (MZ), , , , Lirangwe Mtakataka 80 Ngabu Likoma , Internet Society 2 Chipata , , , Livingstonia Sandama Nkopola Neno Hill, , , , , , Nsanje Domasi , Mimosa, , , , Songwe Gbps Luchenza Chisinga Mandimba , , Ntchisi Dwangwa Phalombe Kayelekera , Nkula , , , , 1.24 Kapichira Mpingwe (MZ), , Mponela Mangochi Liwonde Mtakisi , Nayuchi , , , , Namwera Mzimba Chatoloma , Balaka Zomba Kanengo , Milange , Bolero, Dowa, KIA, Blantyre, Mtengo Thekerani , , Chiradzulu Tengani : : : : , Nkhotakota , Nkhoma , Bay, , , , , ,

FAR client nodes and 15,000 Wi Malindi Lizulu Chisenga Nathenje Phase 4 Kasinje Malekano Senga Phase 3 Nchalo Phase 2 Benga Mwanza Phase 1 Dedza

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§ § Wi with a total of 100 sectors and 30 Mbps per sector, 3,000 88 core nodes with four phases. On completion, the network will comprise 3i ntepoeso elyn a nationwide network in C3 is in the process of deploying Overview COMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIES USED BY ISP IN MALAWI Fi Fi - - Fi - , Wi Fi Fi - - some 4G, Wi some 4G, Wi WiMAX , Wi , Wi Fi Fi Fi Fi - - - - Wi Wi Wi Access network 2G, 3G, 2G, 3G, CDMA, CDMA WiMAX WiMAX Microwave Wi None Africa - network fibre Summit on Community Networks FAR - nd Microwave Microwave Microwave Distribution Microwave Microwave Microwave Microwave Microwave Microwave, Microwave Wi None Internet Society 2

Microwave Microwave None None None Microwave, fibre Microwave Microwave Microwave Microwave Core network Microwave, fibre Microwave, fibre

Communication Technologies used by ISPs in Malawi Teltech

Automation Computer

Datacom MalawiNet

C3 Malswitch

Globe Skyband Access MTL Services TNM Business Airtel ISP TELEVISION WHITE SPACES (TVWS) Unique Benefits of Wi-Far Technology

For its distribution network, C3 employs equipment that adheres to the international IEEE 802.22 standard, also called Wi-FAR.

Wi-FAR provides Point-to Multi-Point (PtMP) and Point-to-Point (PtP) Middle-Mile Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) for regional, rural and remote areas under Line of Sight (LoS) and Non Line of Sight (NLoS) conditions.

The 802.22 specification uses advanced spectrum sharing technology and ensures that no harmful interference is caused to the primary TV services in those bands.

Internet Society 2nd Summit on Community Networks - Africa Unique Benefits of Wi-Far Technology

NLoS, PtMP and the capability to penetrate through walls and trees sets Wi-FAR technology apart from competing technologies using higher radio frequency bands.

Wi-FAR adds cognitive radio technology to a simple and optimised time division duplex (TDD) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) waveform, similar to the OFDMA technology used in other broadband standards such as WiMAX and LTE.

Each Wi-FAR cell provides up to 30 Mbps of aggregated throughput per 8 MHz channel using modulations ranging from 64QM, 16QAM to BPSK. Typical distances covered range from 10 km up to 30 km depending on topology.

Internet Society 2nd Summit on Community Networks - Africa Coverage of Wi-FAR radios 28 channels of 8 MHz are available in the RF band between 470 and 694 MHz. Most of them are not used for TV channels. 30 Mbps can be transmitted through a single 8 MHz channel, and C3’s Wi-FAR base stations will have 2-3 sectors of 2 x 8 MHz each. Thanks to the low radio frequency, coverage is much larger than with higher frequencies. Below is a comparison between coverage in 470 MHz versus 5 GHz.

Coverage with 5 GHz ISM radios Coverage with 470 MHz Wi-FAR radios

Internet Society 2nd Summit on Community Networks - Africa TOPOLOGIES AND CONFIGURATIONS POINT TO MULTIPOINT 3 SECTOR CONFIGURATION router Wifi connects to an external external an to connects Africa - CPE CPE TVWS TVWS Summit on Community Networks nd sector LOS TVWS TVWS LOS - over the air over air link the Non 20 to 20 to per 35 Mbps Point - Internet Society 2 C C B B to Multi A

A From 1 to 3 TVWS Base TVWS to From Stations 3 1 Point Point TOPOLOGY POINT TO MULTIPOINT 2 RADIOS PER SECTOR CONFIGURATION router Wifi connects to an external external an to connects Africa - CPE CPE TVWS TVWS sector LOS TVWS TVWS LOS - over the air over air link the Non 40 to 40 to per 70 Mbps Summit on Community Networks nd D Point C D & Internet Society 2 C - port - panel antenna Dual port - Multi B Single panel antenna

to A

B 2 TVWS Stations/SECTOR 2 Base A

TOPOLOGY Point Point Wi-Fi HOTSPOT USE CASE

B

TVWS ethernet CPE Outdoor A C Wi-Fi AP Non-LOS TVWS B over the air link

Outdoor Wi-Fi AP available from leading A C Wi-Fi AP manufacturers can provide a Wi-Fi signal range of up to 200m in some instances 20 to 35 Mbps per sector

TVWS CPE ethernet 3 x TVWS Base Station Outdoor Wi-Fi AP

Internet Society 2nd Summit on Community Networks - Africa LAYER 2 DISTRIBUTION AND BASIC CONFIGURATION

Africa -

Summit on Community Networks nd Internet Society 2 RELAY NETWORK (LAYER 2 DISTRIBUTION) CHANNEL PLANNING UHF CHANNEL RE-USE TYPICAL 9- 15 UNIQUE CHANNEL 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel use Africa - - interference market 15 unique channel unique rechannel 15 - Summit on Community Networks nd used to prevent adjacent channel prevent channel to adjacent used Internet Society 2 -

25 Channels Channels US a are 25 typical ruralinavailable

- Sector networks typically requires requires networks 9 typically Sector - 3 15 One UHF channel is used channel used sector One each UHF by is is channel re UHF A USE - • • • • CHANNEL RE UHF CHANNEL RE-USE EXAMPLE 3 CLUSTER {21: 5, 10, 15} {21: {23: 4, 9, 14} {23: {19: 1, 6, 11} {19: {AvailableUHF Channels,Ch1, Ch2, Ch3} {25: 3, 8, 13} {25: {18: 1, 6, 11} {18: use across across 3 clusters use - {15: 4, 9, 14} {15: {29: 2, 7, 12} {29: {20: 2, 7, 12} {20: {18: 5, 10, 15} {18: {17: 3, 8, 13} {17: sector grid like in sector like gridthis example - {18: 1, 6, 11} {18: USE EXAMPLE

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use use between two on prevents overlapchannel shown coverage sectors same any -

to enable enable 3 to a Example shows unique shows Example UHF 15 rechannel Re distance Depending upon sites, up UHF are adjacent 15 the between required channels tounique {19: 4, 9, 14} {19: • • • CHANNEL RE CENTRAL AND PARTIAL NORTHERN REGION COVERAGE

Africa -

Summit on Community Networks nd Internet Society 2 C3 TVWS COVERAGE PLAN (SNAP VIEW) THANK YOU

C3 Limited Postal Address: P.O. Box 31000, Blantyre 3, Malawi Physical Address: MPC Business Park, Chichiri E-Mail: [email protected]