The Brazilian Amazon How to Experience the Rainforest in Style

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Brazilian Amazon How to Experience the Rainforest in Style The Brazilian Amazon How to experience the rainforest in style By Lucy Bryson The Brazilian Amazon How to experience the rainforest in style By Lucy Bryson Copyright © 2015 Matueté Published by Horizon Travel Press PO Box 9531 Denver, CO 80209 http://horizontravelpress.com/ By Lucy Bryson Layout & design by Simon Ross-Gill The Brazilian Amazon: How to experience the rainforest in style Contents Foreword ........................................................................................pages 6-7 Welcome to the Brazilian Amazon ..............................................pages 8-11 Amazon highlights ........................................................................pages 12-13 Myths and misconceptions ...........................................................pages 14-15 How to travel the Amazon ............................................................pages 16-19 The Amazon in style: Private yacht charters ............................... pages 20-21 Family Friendly Amazon ...............................................................pages 22-23 Rio Negro and Manaus Introduction to Rio Negro and Manaus ..................................pages 26-27 What to do in and around Rio Negro ..................................... pages 28-33 Exploring the Rio Negro region ...............................................pages 34-35 Accommodation .......................................................................pages 36-37 Getting there and away ..........................................................pages 38-39 Rio Tapajos Introduction to Tapajos ........................................................... pages 42-43 MAZON Exploring the Tapajos region ...................................................pages 44-45 MAZON A A Getting there and away ...........................................................pages 46-47 Belém & Marajó Introduction to Belém and Marajo ..........................................pages 50-51 Exploring Belém and Marajó ...................................................pages 52-53 Other Destinations THE BRAZILIAN BRAZILIAN THE BRAZILIAN THE Xingu National Park .................................................................pages 56-59 Tefé and Uakari lodge ..............................................................pages 60-63 Alta Foresta ..............................................................................pages 64-67 Resources Responsible travel ....................................................................pages 68-69 Climate and when to travel ......................................................pages 70-71 Nature and wildlife ..................................................................pages 72-75 Recommended packing list ......................................................page 76-77 Eating and drinking ................................................................. page 78 Useful phrases ..........................................................................page 79 About Matueté ..............................................................................pages 80-81 44 5 Foreword Martin Frankenberg Founder - Matueté When I first set foot in the Amazon eighteen years ago, I knew I had discovered a special place: The lungs of the world, the heart of South America, the soul of Brazil. And since then, despite having organized hundreds of trips to the region over many years, the effect this place has on visitors never ceases to amaze me. There aren’t many travel destinations in the world that come with so many preconceptions as the Amazon rainforest. Some of them are correct - yes it’s hot, and yes it’s often pretty rainy! But much of the received wisdom couldn’t be any further from the truth - it’s only when you set foot in the jungle that you realise how much you had wrong. The near total absence of mosquitoes in vast regions of the forest; the glorious white sand beaches and tranquil crystal waters; the joy of swimming in the rivers free of piranha and all the other creepies you might expect; I could go on and on... But it’s the subtle things that make the Amazon truly unique. The immensity MAZON of the rivers; the absolute silence of the nights; the singing of the birds and the MAZON A overpowering beauty of a sunset over a deserted beach. A For my family, the Amazon has formed the backdrop of many of the most memorable holidays of our lives. And for this reason alone, it makes it so precious for me and for so many families I have had the pleasure of planning trips to the region. Welcome to the jungle! Enjoy. THE BRAZILIAN BRAZILIAN THE BRAZILIAN THE 66 7 MAZON MAZON A A Welcome to the hectare of the Amazon than in all of jungle’s most compelling attractions sand beaches spring up alongside Europe, and the jungle is home to are within the reach of travellers who rivers that are so broad they’re more Brazilian Amazon around a quarter of all the planet’s want to experience the world’s largest like inland seas, making the Amazon living species. tropical forest without abandoning a surprisingly perfect location for a THE BRAZILIAN BRAZILIAN THE Often referred to as the lungs of There are some 1,000 rivers and their creature comforts. beach holiday, and with a sense of BRAZILIAN THE the earth, the Amazon rainforest is tributaries - enough to circle the Earth And if you’re imagining hacking your splendid isolation that you won’t find the largest on earth and the Amazon twice over if joined together - in which way through impenetrable forest, anywhere on Brazil’s more famous itself is the world’s mightiest river. swim an estimated 3,000 species of machete swinging wildly, it might be coast. Covering almost half of Brazil’s fish. Some 300 species of mammal time to think again. Foodie travellers will be in their landmass and extending into eight have been identified in the jungle, While the Brazilian Amazon offers element, too, thanks to nature’s other South American countries, along with close to 2,000 types of great scope for rugged jungle bounty. The trees hang heavy with the Amazon region is a rewarding butterfly. adventures, a trip here needn’t be colourful tropical fruit - many of which destination for anyone looking for The sheer scale of the Amazon an endurance test of your wilderness don’t even have names in English - that trip of a lifetime that will linger rainforest can be both awe-inspiring survival skills. Today’s visitor can also while the rivers teem with edible fish. long in the memory. and intimidating to the visitor. When find high-end jungle lodges offering Superfoods such as energy-boosting The Amazon exists on a scale that planning a trip here it makes sense impeccable cuisine, while luxury yachts guarana and acai are found in is difficult to comprehend and its to concentrate on one region. The provide a floating base to explore the abundance. biodiversity is mind-boggling. There Brazilian portion alone is mind- jungle in style. Fish baked in a Brazil nut crust, are more species of plant in just one blowing in scale, but many of the During the dry season, pristine white potent caipifrutas made with sugar 88 9 cane rum and fresh fruit, and rich ice has a population close to two million creams, mousses and sorbets made - and Belém. Manaus is a buzzing, with tropical fruit such as creamy bustling city deep in the heart of the cupuacu are among the many culinary jungle, where visitors can admire treats to be discovered. the architecture of the city’s famous What you see and experience Opera House and take in a lively depends entirely on where and drinking and dining scene before when you visit, and how you prefer embarking on a trip down the Rio to travel. The Amazon River itself Negro as it flows out of the city. is the ‘expressway’ of the jungle. Meanwhile, the port city of Belém The communities that live on the is a foodie hotspot, with some truly banks of the legendary river are high-end restaurants serving highly long accustomed to enormous ships imaginative dishes made from native passing by - with no roads linking it to ingredients. the south of the country, all freight into the main city of Manaus is carried The jungle’s cities and large towns by river. owe much of their grand architecture In contrast, travelling down the to the rubber boom of the late 19th Amazon’s countless tributaries is a and early 20th centuries. Surrounded much more laid back affair, more by rubber trees, these cities thrived, akin to taking a quiet country road. becoming the richest and most MAZON But the scale can still be vast! The developed in Brazil until seeds were MAZON A waterways range from relatively smuggled out of the country to A narrow to so wide that you won’t be establish plantations in Malaysia, thus able to see the shore on the other ending Brazil’s rubber monopoly. side. Today, Brazil’s Amazonia is a rich mix Villages along these shores are of untamed nature, barely-contacted usually very small, populated by indigenous villages and busy cities. It is THE BRAZILIAN BRAZILIAN THE communities who lead largely perfectly possible to enjoy exuberant BRAZILIAN THE subsistence lifestyles, living off the wild nature while traveling on river and the land. Schooling is a luxurious yachts, or take in an opera challenge here, and many children after exploring some of the most take a boat for miles to reach class. remote regions of the jungle. The jungle is home to a staggering The region offers almost limitless collection of flora, colourful birds and opportunities for accessible, even butterflies, and while the larger land luxurious, adventures, and trips can
Recommended publications
  • Ethnobotany of Riverine Populations from the Rio Negro, Amazonia (Brazil)
    Journal of Ethnobiology 27(1): 46–72 Spring/Summer 2007 ETHNOBOTANY OF RIVERINE POPULATIONS FROM THE RIO NEGRO, AMAZONIA (BRAZIL) ANDRE´ A LEME SILVA,a JORGE TAMASHIROb and ALPINA BEGOSSIc aDepartamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biocieˆncias Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, CEP 05580-900 ^[email protected]& bDepartamento de Botaˆnica, UNICAMP Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil ^[email protected]& cFisheries and Food Institute, Rua Coronel Quirino 1636, Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo 13025-002, Brazil, and Fisheries Management and Training Program, PREAC-UNICAMP ^[email protected]& ABSTRACT.—This paper presents a comparative study of plant knowledge and use in rural and urban areas in the municipality of Barcelos in the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, based on a total of 81 interviews. Using diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener), plant knowledge is compared among communities (urban- rural population), and between sex (male-female) and age (older or younger than 40 years) categories within each community. Among our informants, we found quantitative differences concerning the knowledge of medicinal plants between sex and age categories. Some individuals play a key role relating to medicinal plant knowledge, and steps should be taken in order to include them in management and conservation plans. Key words: ethnobotany, diversity indices, plant knowledge and use, Rio Negro, Brazilian Amazon. RESUMO.—Com base em um total de 81 entrevistas, no´s apresentamos um estudo etnobotaˆnico comparativo entre populac¸o˜es urbanas e rurais na municipalidade de Barcelos no Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Usando´ ındices de diversidade (Shannon-Wiener), o conhecimento de plantas e´ comparado entre as comunidades estudadas (populac¸a˜o urbana e rural), geˆnero (masculino e feminino) e categorias de idade (menos que 40 anos e mais que 40 anos de idade).
    [Show full text]
  • Suspended Sediment Variability at the Solimões and Negro Confluence Between May 2013 and February 2014
    geosciences Communication Suspended Sediment Variability at the Solimões and Negro Confluence between May 2013 and February 2014 Thiago Marinho 1,* ID , Naziano Filizola 2, Jean-Michel Martinez 3, Elisa Armijos 4 and André Nascimento 1 1 Department of Geography, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Department of Geosciences, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil; nazianofi[email protected] 3 GET, UMR 5563, IRD/CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 31400 Toulouse, France; [email protected] 4 Instituto Geofísico del Perú—IGP, 15012 Lima, Peru; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-92-993-493-644 Received: 5 July 2018; Accepted: 16 July 2018; Published: 19 July 2018 Abstract: This study focuses on the confluence of two major rivers of the world, the Solimões River (white waters) and Negro River (black waters). Surface suspended sediment samples (SSC) and spectroradiometer taken along transverse profiles at 500 m intervals over a distance of 10 km, as well as satellite images (MODIS) during the hydrological year, were used to follow suspended sediment variability. In January and February, the confluence is dominated by white waters from the Solimões River in the two banks, and in June and July in the right bank by black waters from the Negro River and in the left bank by clear waters from the Solimões River. We found that indirect tools, such as reflectance obtained by spectrometer or MODIS images, can be used to determine surface suspended sediments in a contrasting zone. Keywords: MODIS image; spectrometry; suspended sediments; Negro River; Amazon River; Amazon Basin 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Water Types and Sediment Distribution Patterns at the Confluence of Mega Rivers: the Solimões-Amazon and Negro Rivers Junction
    Surface water types and sediment distribution patterns at the confluence of mega rivers: the Solimões-Amazon and Negro rivers junction Edward Park1, Edgardo M. Latrubesse1 1University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geography and the Environment, Austin, TX, USA Correspondence to: Edward Park, Tel +1-512-230-4603 Fax +1-512-471-5049 University of Texas at Austin, SAC 4.178, 2201 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA Email address: [email protected] This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as an ‘Accepted Article’, doi: 10.1002/2014WR016757 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract Large river channel confluences are recognized as critical fluvial features because both intensive and extensive hydrophysical and geoecological processes take place at this interface. However, identifications of suspended sediment routing patterns through channel junctions and the roles of tributaries on downstream sediment transport in large rivers are still poorly explored. In this paper, we propose a remote sensing-based approach to characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of the post-confluence suspended sediment transport by mapping the surface water distribution in the ultimate example of large river confluence on Earth where distinct water types meet: The Solimões-Amazon (white water) and Negro (black water) rivers. The surface water types distribution was modeled for three different years: average hydrological condition (2007) and two years when extreme events occurred (drought-2005 and flood-2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Deficient Rio Negro Waters: Stabilization of Biodiversity ?
    Omnivory and resource - sharing in nutrient - deficient Rio Negro waters: Stabilization of biodiversity ? Ilse WALKER1 ABSTRACT Amazonian biodiversity is notorious, this is also valid for the fauna of the mineral-deficient waters of the Rio Negro System. Some 25 years of research on the benthic fauna of Central Amazonian streams resulted in species-rich foodwebs with a high degree of omnivory within dense animal communities. To exemplify the taxonomic range of omnivorous consumers, the detailed resource spectra of 18 consumer species, including Protozoa (2 species), Platyhelminthes (1 species), insects (2 species), fish (6 species) and shrimps (Decapoda, 7 species), associated primarily with the benthic habitats of Rio Negro tributaries, are presented. Special features of omnivory are characterized, and the importance of litter-decomposing fungi as essential energy input into the foodwebs is documented. It is shown that general omnivory -diverse omnivore consumers sharing most of the resource types- is a prevalent feature. The relevance of this general omnivory for the maintenance of biodiversity is discussed. KEY WORDS: Amazonas, Rio Negro, Omnivory Omnivoria e repartição de recursos em águas pobres em nutrientes da Bacia do Rio Negro RESUMO A biodiversidade do Amazonas é notório e isto também é válido para as águas pobres em nutrientes da bacia do Rio Negro. Uma pesquisa de 25 anos da fauna béntica de igarapés da Amazônia Central resultou em redes alimentares caraterizadas por alta diversidade de espécies, por intensa omnivoria e por alta densidade populacional. Para demonstrar a generalidade taxonômica de omnivoria no bentos dos igarapés, são apresentados as listas de presas / recursos de 18 espécies de consumidores, sendo Protozoa (2 epécies), Platyhelminthes (1 espécie), insetos (2 espécies), peixes (6 espécies) e camarões (Decapoda, 7 espécies).
    [Show full text]
  • Itinerary & Primer: Neotropical Rainforest
    ITINERARY & PRIMER: NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST FIELD ECOLOGY COURSE by Marc G. M. van Roosmalen This course is a personalized introduction to the Amazon rainforest realm that will be offered by David and Marc while we are following some of the footsteps of the great naturalists of the 19th century on the path of evolution (e.g., Von Humboldt, Wallace, Spix, Martius, Bates and Spruce). Through the study of the intricate web of plant-animal relations in the dynamics of pristine, over more than 70 million years evolved ancient forest and testing Alfred Wallace's river barrier hypothesis, we will unveil the long standing academic question why the Amazon harbors the by far highest biodiversity of all terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, we have to look up-close at the continent's geomorphology going back in time at least to the Miocene. Which major vicariant events have taken place and what role the over one thousand major tributaries of the Amazon proper have played and still play, together with their floodplains, in the genetic isolation of plant and animal populations, radiation of species and speciation. This is best demonstrated through the distribution of extant primates (i.e., Neotropical monkeys) which, at least in non-volant mammals, strongly supports the phylogenetic species concept. On our boat voyage through part of the Rio Negro Basin we will further look into each exclusive all- Amazonian phenomenon and issues such as the different types of water, the annual tide, the major floodplain and terra firme (never inundating) forest types linked to water type and soil conditions, their phyto-sociological composition, physiognomy, phyto-chemistry, animal guilds, ecological niches, seed dispersal syndromes, seed/seedling predation, co-evolution, and seasonal lateral migration of the entire frugivorous community from nearby terra firme (upland) hinterland into the black- and clear-water floodplain called igapo to feed on its bounty of fruits during the peak of the flood season (in the Rio Negro Basin taking place in the period June- August).
    [Show full text]
  • Discover Magazine 2007 Black Gold of the Amazon.Pdf
    BLACK GOLD OF THE AMAZON Fertile, charred soil created by pre-Columbian peoples sustained surprisingly large settlements in the rain forest. Secrets of that ancient “dark earth” could help solve the Amazon’s ecological problems today. On August 13, 2005, American archae- ologist James Petersen, Brazilian archae- ologist Eduardo Neves, and two colleagues pulled up to a restaurant on a jungle road near Iranduba in the Brazilian Amazon to have a beer. At about 6:45 p.m., two young men, one brandishing a .38 revolver, en- tered the restaurant and demanded the patrons’ money. The archaeologists turned over their money and the bandits started to leave. Then, almost as an afterthought, one of them shot Petersen in the stomach. Neves and the others raced Petersen to the hospital, but their friend bled to death be- fore they could reach help. State and municipal police reacted quickly to the news, cordoned off roads, 68 C M Y K 69 C M Y K This peninsula in the Amazon was home to communities with roads, irrigation, and brought suspects to the restaurant soil management, and extended trade. for identification. Within 24 hours the po- lice had arrested the two armed bandits and their driver and learned there were two others involved. The had been developing a workshop for teachers in the region on the crime was front-page news in Manaus, the capital of the state, a city science and archaeology surrounding terra preta. The discovery of more than a million about an hour north of the study site, across held meaning for more than archaeologists, however.
    [Show full text]
  • Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- an Overview
    Lowland Vegetation of Tropical South America -- An Overview Douglas C. Daly John D. Mitchell The New York Botanical Garden [modified from this reference:] Daly, D. C. & J. D. Mitchell 2000. Lowland vegetation of tropical South America -- an overview. Pages 391-454. In: D. Lentz, ed. Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the pre-Columbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York. 1 Contents Introduction Observations on vegetation classification Folk classifications Humid forests Introduction Structure Conditions that suppport moist forests Formations and how to define them Inclusions and archipelagos Trends and patterns of diversity in humid forests Transitions Floodplain forests River types Other inundated forests Phytochoria: Chocó Magdalena/NW Caribbean Coast (mosaic type) Venezuelan Guayana/Guayana Highland Guianas-Eastern Amazonia Amazonia (remainder) Southern Amazonia Transitions Atlantic Forest Complex Tropical Dry Forests Introduction Phytochoria: Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela Caatinga Chaco Chaquenian vegetation Non-Chaquenian vegetation Transitional vegetation Southern Brazilian Region Savannas Introduction Phytochoria: Cerrado Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia Roraima-Rupununi savanna region Llanos de Moxos (mosaic type) Pantanal (mosaic type) 2 Campo rupestre Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited 3 Introduction Tropical lowland South America boasts a diversity of vegetation cover as impressive -- and often as bewildering -- as its diversity of plant species. In this chapter, we attempt to describe the major types of vegetation cover in this vast region as they occurred in pre- Columbian times and outline the conditions that support them. Examining the large-scale phytogeographic regions characterized by each major cover type (see Fig. I), we provide basic information on geology, geological history, topography, and climate; describe variants of physiognomy (vegetation structure) and geography; discuss transitions; and examine some floristic patterns and affinities within and among these regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Suspended Sediment in the Anavilhanas Archipelago, Rio Negro, Amazon Basin
    water Article Analysis of Suspended Sediment in the Anavilhanas Archipelago, Rio Negro, Amazon Basin Rogério Ribeiro Marinho 1,2,* , Naziano Pantoja Filizola Junior 1,3 and Édipo Henrique Cremon 4 1 Postgraduation Program CLIAMB, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)—Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Ave. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus CEP 69060-001, Brazil; nazianofi[email protected] 2 Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Ave. General Rodrigo Otávio, Jordão Ramos 6200, Campus Universitário, Coroado I, Manaus CEP 69077-000, Brazil 3 Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Ave. General Rodrigo Otávio, Jordão Ramos 6200, Campus Universitário, Coroado I, Manaus CEP 69077-000, Brazil 4 Grupo de Estudos em Geomática (GEO), Instituto Federal de Goiás (IFG), Rua 75, 46, Setor Central, Goiânia CEP 74055-110, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 7 April 2020; Published: 9 April 2020 Abstract: This article analyzes the flows of water and total suspended sediment in different reaches in the lower course of the Negro River, the largest fluvial blackwater system in the world. The area under study is the Anavilhanas Archipelago, which is a complex multichannel reach on the Negro River. Between the years 2016 and 2019, data about water discharge, velocity, and concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) were acquired in sample sections of the Negro River channels located upstream, inside, and downstream of the Anavilhanas Archipelago. In the study area, the Negro River drains an area greater than 700,000 km2, and the mean water discharge observed before the Anavilhanas was about 28.655 m3 s 1, of which 97% flows through two channels of the Archipelago close to the · − right and left banks.
    [Show full text]
  • Suspended Sediment Variability at the Solimoes and Negro Confluence Between May 2013 and February 2014
    geosciences Communication Suspended Sediment Variability at the Solimões and Negro Confluence between May 2013 and February 2014 Thiago Marinho 1,* ID , Naziano Filizola 2, Jean-Michel Martinez 3, Elisa Armijos 4 and André Nascimento 1 1 Department of Geography, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Department of Geosciences, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69080-900 Manaus, Brazil; nazianofi[email protected] 3 GET, UMR 5563, IRD/CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 31400 Toulouse, France; [email protected] 4 Instituto Geofísico del Perú—IGP, 15012 Lima, Peru; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-92-993-493-644 Received: 5 July 2018; Accepted: 16 July 2018; Published: 19 July 2018 Abstract: This study focuses on the confluence of two major rivers of the world, the Solimões River (white waters) and Negro River (black waters). Surface suspended sediment samples (SSC) and spectroradiometer taken along transverse profiles at 500 m intervals over a distance of 10 km, as well as satellite images (MODIS) during the hydrological year, were used to follow suspended sediment variability. In January and February, the confluence is dominated by white waters from the Solimões River in the two banks, and in June and July in the right bank by black waters from the Negro River and in the left bank by clear waters from the Solimões River. We found that indirect tools, such as reflectance obtained by spectrometer or MODIS images, can be used to determine surface suspended sediments in a contrasting zone. Keywords: MODIS image; spectrometry; suspended sediments; Negro River; Amazon River; Amazon Basin 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Legibility Notice 5
    LEGIBILITY NOTICE 5 A major purpose of the Techni- cal Information Center is to provide the broadest dissemination possi- ble of information contained in DOE's Research and Development Reports to business, industry, the academic community, and federal, state and local governments. Although a small portion of this report is not reproducible, it is being made available to expedite the availability of information on the research discussed herein. 1 L ORNL/TM— 9712 DE87 002330 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION FOREST SUCCESSION IN THE UPPER RIO NEGRO OF COLOMBIA ANU VENEZUELA* J. G. Saldarriaga D. C. West M. L. Tharp Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 2694 •Submitted as a thesis by Juan G. Saldarriaga to the Graduate Council of The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy % 11 § I ft 1 f a.-8 lpg-8 § a Date of Issue: November 1986 __ D S 5' § cl^i^fjill bihmvr»a s ^ — <t 51 n » 3 8 I ai. = 33 | a, o s 8 § S- ~ „ "t 3 Prepared by the I Z I 2. ° O it| B-f.1 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY £ - Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 6 sf a operated by MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 2- 3 * §u £ m for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY o under Contract No. DE-AC05-840R21400 IRRMs S, 3 «• a.<I < 1-2 s .8 i ? s- §• 31S T § §.?>=s . - , . " 8" 2s Oo 9i DISTRIBUTION of i«is m^f tsmmW MASTER * iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We express our gratitude to those people who contributed to this work with their patience and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon River Investigations Reconnaissance Measurements of July 1963
    Amazon River Investigations Reconnaissance Measurements of July 1963 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 486 Prepared in cooperation with the University of Brazil and the Brazilian Navy Amazon River Investigations Reconnaissance Measurements of July 1963 By R. E. Oilman, H. O'R. Sternberg (University of Brazil), F. C. Ames, and L. C. Davis, Jr. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 486 Prepared in cooperation winS the University of Brazil and the Brazilian Navy Washington 7964 United States Department of the Interior STEWART L UDALL, Secretary Geological Survey William T. Pecora, Director First printing 1964 Second printing 1967 Free on application to Jfie U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, O.C. 20242 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract. ___________________________ 1 Results of discharge measurements __ 4 Introduction_________________________ 1 Procedures for observing quality ____ 9 Acknowledgments_________________ __ 2 Results of water-quality observations. 10 Procedures for measuring discharge___ 3 References.-----___-________-__--_ 15 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Map showing the reach in which observations were made______________________ 5 2. Map showing location of measuring sections in vicinity of Manaus______________ 5 3. Cross sections and mean velocity in verticals at measuring sites __-___-_-_-___ 7 4. Daily river stages at Manaus for the period 1903 52 by decades, and for the year 1953 __________________________________________________________ 8 TABLES Page Table 1. Summary of measurements of the Amazon River and tributaries------__________ "6 2. Variation of velocity in vertical_____________________________._______________ 6 3. Water-quality observations, Amazon River, Brazil____________________________ .11 III Amazon River Investigations Reconnaissance Measurements of July 1963 By R. E. Oltman, H. O'R. Sternberg,1 F. C. Ames and L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Federation of Indian Organizations of the Negro River's
    Athenea Digital - 11(2): 73-83 (julio 2011) -ARTÍCULOS-ISSN: 1578-8946 The Federation of Indian Organizations of the Negro River’s journey for traditional land demarcation in Brazil La jornada de la Federación de Organizaciones Indígenas del Río Negro para la demarcación de las tierras tradicionales en Brasil Fernanda Martinez de Oliveira*, Jacqueline Brigagão**, Peter Spink* * Getulio Vargas Foundation; ** University of São Paulo [email protected] Abstract Resumen The article aims to present the fight for government El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la lucha por el recognition of indigenous collective rights to land reconocimiento gubernamental de los derechos ownership in the Upper Rio Negro region in Brazil. It colectivos indígenas de la propiedad de la tierra en la contextualizes the historical aspects of the colonization región del Alto Río Negro en Brasil. Se contextualizan process in the region and the efforts to create the los aspectos históricos del proceso de colonización de Federation of Indian Organizations of the Negro River la región y los esfuerzos para crear la Federación de (FOIRN). Focus of particular interest is how the Organizaciones Indígenas del Río Negro (FOIRN). El organizational strategy adopted by the FOIRN has foco de interés particular es cómo la estrategia de allowed the Indian population of the Upper Rio Negro to organización adoptada por la FOIRN ha permitido a la active participate in the land demarcation process, with población indígena del Alto Río Negro participar their opinions heard and respected. The article was activamente en el proceso de demarcación de tierras, written with basis on information obtained from a variety escuchando y respetando sus opiniones.
    [Show full text]