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Burgas Wetlands, Bulgaria: a Conservation Area of European Priority for Roosting of the Pygmy Cormorant, Microcarbo Pygmeus (Pallas, 1773)

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Burgas Wetlands, Bulgaria: a Conservation Area of European Priority for Roosting of the Pygmy Cormorant, Microcarbo Pygmeus (Pallas, 1773) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282852634 Burgas Wetlands, Bulgaria: a Conservation Area of European Priority for Roosting of the Pygmy Cormorant, Microcarbo pygmeus (Pallas, 1773) Article in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica · September 2015 CITATIONS READS 0 63 5 authors, including: Vladimir Mladenov Denitsa Mariyanova Kovacheva Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds University of Vienna 13 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Ralitsa Georgieva Georgieva Yurii Valentinov Kornilev Calidris Ltd National Museum of Natural History, Sofia 12 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 43 PUBLICATIONS 116 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Smartbirds (Pro) – online database for biological observation View project “Urgent Measures to Restore and Secure Long-term Preservation of the Atanasovsko Lake Coastal Lagoon” Life+ project (LIFE11 NAT/BG/000362) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Yurii Valentinov Kornilev on 06 August 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Applied Zoology ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Research Article Acta zool. bulg., 67 (3), 2015: 435-442 Burgas Wetlands, Bulgaria: a Conservation Area of European Priority for Roosting of the Pygmy Cormorant, Microcarbo pygmeus (Pallas, 1773) Vladimir R. Mladenov, Denitsa M. Kovacheva, Ralitsa G. Georgieva, Diyan Z. Rusev, Yurii V. Kornilev* Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (Nature Conservation Centre “Poda”), P.O. Box 189, 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria Abstract: The pygmy cormorant (Microcarbo pygmeus) has been increasing its population and since the 1980s has extended its wintering range to include the Balkans and Bulgaria. Although the Burgas wetlands on the southern Black Sea coast have been known to be used for wintering by the cormorants, their potential and importance seem to have been underestimated. In the winters of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, we carried out counts on 15 occasions at two known roosting sites at the Burgas Lake. We recorded two record-high num- bers (15,137 in December 2011 and 11,541 in January 2012), combined for the two sites. This represented roughly a quarter of the breeding individuals in Europe. Altogether, we recorded 76,077 observations of roosting birds, with only 11,479 of them at the second location. We counted almost twice the number of birds in 2011/2012, as compared to 2012/2013 (48,367 during eight counts vs 27,710 during seven counts). The birds moved to roost to new locations in 2013/2014. The time of arrival (on a monthly and daily basis) was consistent with previous records. Pygmy cormorants likely forage in the rivers flowing into the Burgas wetlands, suggesting the overall importance of the region beyond the two roosting sites. Keywords: record count, Microcarbo, Burgas Lake, Mandra, Poda, SPA, NATURA 2000 Introduction The pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmeus (PALLAS , At the national and European level, the species 1773) [after Del HOYO et al. 2014] (=Phalacrocorax is included in Annexes 2 and 3 of the Biodiversity pygmeus) is a small-sized fish eating bird of the law and Annex 1 of Directive 2009/147/EO (“Birds family Phalacrocoracidae. Its distribution has been Directive”). Moreover, it is included in Annex 2 of characterised as sarmatian (VOOUSE 1962). The glo- both the Bern and Bonn Conventions, as well as in the bal population has been estimated at 85,000-180,000 African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement. individuals (DELANY , SCOTT 2006), with the current The population has generally increased, and its sta- European population estimated at 28,000-39,000 tus has improved from Threatened (1988) to Least pairs (75-94% of the global breeding range). The Concern (2005), with the final assessment made in species breeds in South-eastern Europe, Russia, 2012 (BIR D LIFE INTERNATIONAL 2012). The status of Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and some populations is still undetermined (DELANY , Uzbekistan, with key territories Azerbaijan (esti- SCOTT 2006). mated 8,000-12,000 pairs) and Romania (11,500- The species is Endangered (EN) according to 14,000 pairs; BURFIEL D et al. 2004). It winters prima- the Bulgarian Red data book (NIKOLO V et al. 2011), rily in the Balkan Peninsula states, Turkey, Cyprus, although it is frequently found migrating, winter- Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Israel, Romania and Syria ing and nesting (PLAC H IYSKI et al. 2014). The main (BIR D LIFE INTERNATIONAL 2012). nesting sites are along the Danube River, the Black *Corresponding author: [email protected] 435 Mladenov V. R., D. M. Kovacheva, R. G. Georgieva, D. Z. Rusev, Y. V. Kornilev Sea coast, and along the Maritsa, Arda and Tundzha for breeding (five-ten pairs), with some birds winter- Rivers. The breeding pairs have been assessed at ing (one-thirteen ind.) (KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 350-500 in 2007 (KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 2007) 2007). and 100-500 in 2011 (NIKOLO V et al. 2011). Most The rest of the Burgas wetlands are also of rec- likely, some nesting birds from Bulgaria migrate to ognised importance. A six-year monthly water bird Turkey and Greece to overwinter; some birds from monitoring (1996-2002) provided valuable informa- the Danube River delta fly over Bulgaria on their tion on the species and the Burgas wetlands and es- way to Greece (CRAM P , SIMMONS 1977), and possibly timated that up to 10,592 ind. utilise the wetlands some of them stay to winter. complex (DIMITRO V et al. 2005). In the Mandra-Poda During winter roosting, M. pygmeus usually complex records exist of 0-30 breeding pairs, 246- aggregates with densities of hundreds of individuals 3,235 migrant ind., and 17-4,520 wintering ind. (PLAC H IYSKI et al. 2014). It utilises clusters of low (KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 2007), with wintering trees, reed beds of Phragmites and Typha, and other numbers being of international significance. For vegetation (PLAC H IYSKI et al. 2014). Birds tend to ap- Atanasovsko Lake 0-1 breeding pairs, 14-565 mi- pear at the roosting location about two hours before grating ind., and 1-32 wintering ind. have been re- sunset, with the numbers peaking around sunset; few corded (KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 2007). if any birds come afterwards (IV ANO V , MURA V EE V The Burgas Lake has been identified as an im- 2002). The flocks might be comprised of hundreds portant roosting site as well (VASSILE V et al. 2013), of birds. They leave the roosting site at sunrise en with 9-16 breeding pairs, 7-266 migrating ind., and masse, hindering accurate counting. The roosting 142-7,323 wintering ind. (DIMITRO V et al. 2005; sites are relatively stable in time (PLAC H IYSKI et al. KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 2007). The Burgas Lake 2014). Birds generally choose roosts with limited roost was formed around 1997, with 6,850 birds in disturbance from predators and humans, but might 2000 (MIC H E V , PROFIRO V 2003). settle close to urbanised areas (e.g. near the cities of Although the literature data contain clear indi- Plovdiv and Burgas, the downtown of Simeonovgrad) cation of the importance of the Burgas wetlands, our (PLAC H IYSKI et al. 2014). prior observations from the field and historic data It has been long suggested that Bulgaria is suggest that the area might be of even higher impor- of key importance for the wintering of the global tance for roosting than previously recorded. The aim population, as well as for the migration of signifi- of our study was to obtain current information on cant numbers between wintering and breeding sites the numbers and temporal dynamics of M. pygmeus (IV ANO V , MURA V EE V 2002). Until the 1980s, Bulgaria roosting around the Burgas wetlands. was at the periphery of the wintering grounds, with less than 500 birds observed. In 1982-1984, winter- Material and Methods ing birds started to visit more frequently the Balkan Peninsula, centred in the valley of Maritza River Study site (5,030-6,950 ind.) (NIKOLO V et al. 2000). Between The mosaic of the Burgas wetlands includes 1995-2000, the midwinter count was 7,000-13,000 three large coastal lakes (from north to south: ind. according to NIKOLO V et al. (2011) and 13,095 Atanasovsko, Burgasko, and the Mandra-Poda according to MIC H E V , PROFIRO V (2003). complex), their tributaries, and several smaller wet- The most recent information on M. pygmeus lands such as the Chengene Skele Bay (Fig. 1). The from Bulgaria has been compiled and analysed in three lakes and Chengene Skele have been included the Action Plan for the Conservation of the Pygmy in the European network of protected sites Natura Cormorant in Bulgaria (2014-2023) (see PLAC H IYSKI 2000 (Special protected areas [SPAs], respective et al. 2014). codes: BG0000270, BG0000273, BG0000271, The Black Sea coastline is of high ornitho- BG0000242). Parts of them have received addition- logical importance as part of the major migration al designations on national and international level route Via Pontica. The Burgas coastal wetlands are (IBAs, Protected areas, Ramsar sites). one of the three most important areas of concentra- These water bodies consist of diverse water tion of waterfowl on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast habitats: hypersaline and shallow (0.1-1 m) in the (KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 2007). Seven Important traditional saltwork at Atanasovsko Lake; the fresh- Bird Areas have been included specifically for M. water and deep (1-15 m) Mandra Lake; and various pygmeus (KOSTA D INO V A , GRAMATIKO V 2007). Only intermediate freshwater to brackish habitats in the Chengene Skele (Natura 2000 site, BG0000242) is Burgasko Lake (depth ca.
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