Journal of Global Biosciences ISSN 2320-1355 Volume 5, Number 1, 2016, pp. 3539-3558 Website: www.mutagens.co.in E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Research Paper ENUMERATION OF ANGIOSPERM MEDICINAL PLANTS OF GAVISIDDALINGESHWARA SACRED GROVE, CHINTANPALLI OF DISTRICT,

Rajasamarsen K Modi and Pratima Mathad Department of Post studies & Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585 106, Karnataka- .

Abstract In recent decades, there has been vigorous effort to document, conserve and promote knowledge of plant drugs and to develop research programmes for the benefit of both traditional and modern medical systems. Sacred groves are traditionally managed forest patches that functionally link, social life and forest management system of the region and are small or large patches of vegetation of varying sizes, conserved through man’s spiritual belief and faith. Medicinal plants and their rich therapeutic, traditional knowledge in the region has made us to think over the utility of this nature’s gift for the benefit of society. The present study is an attempt to make an inventory of angiosperms medicinal plant wealth of the Gavisiddalingeshwara sacred grove which are grown and nurtured in the grove located in Chintanapalli of Yadgir district. Study revealed 114 useful medicinal plants belonging 47 families. Among them 41 trees, 18 shrubs, 37 herbs and climbers treating for various ailments and used in commercial drug manufacture. Key words: Gavisiddalingeshwara sacred grove, Medicinal Plants and Yadgir District.

INTRODUCTION Since time immemorial man relied on natural products, and plant in particular to promote and maintain good health and to fight sickness, pain and disease. Medicinal plants for the main resource base of traditional systems of medicine their value as a medicinal agent is almost serving, 65% of the world’s populations through primary modality of health care is a known fact[5] Indians have an incredible knowledge of phytomedicine driven apparently by a tremendous passion for the study of medicinal plants. This is evident both in the living folk traditions in the rural communities, as well as the scholarly systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Tibetan. The goals is to use plants as sources of therapeutic agents and to isolate bioactive compounds or as direct use as drugs as whole plant or part of it as an herbal remedy. Sacred groves are patches of vegetation preserved on religious grounds and are grove varies from a few trees to some acres. Each grove has patron deity and folklore associated with it. Sacred groves, in general, act as a nursery and storehouse of many of the tribal and folk medicines, fruits, fodder, fuel wood, spices, etc. A study of the tree wealth in the life and economy of the tribal people in Andhra Pradesh revealed that various species are used by the Journal of Global Biosciences Vol. 5(1), 2016 pp. 3539-3558 ISSN 2320-1355 different ethnic groups for various purposes including the treatment of common diseases and disorders [12]. Presence of a large number of medicinal plants is reported in ‘Kavus’ of Kerala[10] and ‘Hariyali’ sacred site of Garhwal Himalaya [18]. Problems and prospects of the development of medicinal plant resources in different regions of the country have also been highlighted by several researchers [3,4,15&19]. There is a need to record and document their knowledge of various medicinal plants, which are used for treating different ailments by local practitioners [8]. Information on the use of medicinal plants is scattered and very little work of scientific value was done till today concerned to Medicinal plants of sacred groves. Although some literature on floristic is available for region to the scientific community, it is indeed a first attempt to study and enumerate medicinal plant with respect to sacred grove of this region and make it known to common people for their understanding and appreciation of the virtues of sacred grove also show to the people and to policy makers of Hyderabad Karnataka Region which is known as dry climatic zone to suggest to importance of sacred groves with respect to medicinal plants and realize threats and suggests conservation measures. This paper deals with the enumeration and documentation of Medicinal plants of “Gavisiddalingeshwara “Daivi Vana” a temple grove located near Chintanapalli of Yadgir district, Karnataka and to discuss their importance in conservation of sacred grove diversity which is a treasure house of Medicinal plants.

MATERIAL AND METHODS Field work and survey Extensive field visits were carried out at monthly intervals during 2012-15 to document the floristic diversity in the grove and also conducted an ethno botanical survey with respect to use of medicinal plants of the area. Specimens of flowering plants were collected and identified with the aid of different regional floras [13,14,16 & 17] & Flora of Baramathi district by [11] Flora of Pondicherry [9] and voucher specimen are pressed and deposited in the Herbaria Gulbarga University Gulbarga. Prepared a conclusive lists of medicinal plants found in the sacred groves used by local people also with help of published works. [1] Study site Gavisiddalingeshwar sacred grove From Yadgiri via Gurmitkal near Kandkoor - chapatla there is a place 'Chintanalli' famous for the temple of lord 'Gavi Siddeshwara' where the lord resides in a cave with natural water flowing over the temple and falling at the entrance and thus making every devotee to have a shower before having lords blessings. Surrounding area topographically consists of about 2000 hectares of forest which are under the ownership of forest department. ( Plate –I). The highest point altitude recorded in the Gavisiddeshwara sacred is 560 M and lowest point in the stream level 445m and mean 500m. Latitude 16.79 N Longitude 77.14 E. The average Annual Rainfall recorded during 2011-15 is 638mm and about 104mm recorded from January to June.

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(Plate-I) Location Map and Floristic view of the Gavissidalingeshwara sacred grove

(Plate-II) Few Medicinal Plants of the grove http://mutagens.co.in 3541 Journal of Global Biosciences Vol. 5(1), 2016 pp. 3539-3558 ISSN 2320-1355

(Table- 1) Enumeration Angiosperm Medicinal plants of Gavisiddalingeshwara sacred grove (Daivi Vana), Chintanapalli of Yadgir District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Plant Medicinal Vernacular/Local Habi N Family properties Name t o & Uses 1 The whole plant udrf purifying Andrographis ACANTHACEAE Nelabevu H breast-milk, paniculata Nees. intrinsic haemorrhage, vomiting. 2 Barleria prionitis Leaves used Mullu jaji H (L.) Roth. for tooth ache 3 Whole plant is Indonesiella used in echioides (L). H Ativisha nervous Sreem disorder 4 Alangium Root bark ALANGIACEAE salvifolium Ankaligida T used for skin (L.f.)Wang. problems 5 Achyranthes Useful for gall AMARANTHACEAE Uttarani H aspera L. bladder stones 6 Aerva lanata (L.) Decoction to Juss. Ex Schult. . Bilihindi soppu H treat Syn. Achyranthes gonorhoea lanata L. 7 Used for cough Agave amaericana in veterinary AMARYLLIDACEAE Rakspatti S L., system of medicine 8 Mangifer a indica Leaf latex used ANACARDIACEAE Mavina mara T L., for eye boil 9 The fruit is Semecarpus acrid hot and Karigeru T ancardium L.f. act as abortificient 10 Annona squamosa Leaves used in ANNONACEAE seethapala T L. diabetes 11 The fresh leaves are antihelminthic internally and Annona reticulate Ramaphal T suppurant L. externally. The bark is astringent and tonic 12 Decoction of Wrightia tinctoria Seed and bark APOCYNACEAE Kodumuruki T R. Br. used treat wound,

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digestive fire, dysentery, diarrhea with fever, piles, abdominal pain and pain in bones 13 Leaves used as ARISTOLOCHIACE Aristolochia antidote for Eshwari balli Tw AE indica L., poisonous stings 14 Leaves as an antidote for snake bite. Floral buds along with ASCLEPIADACEAE Calatropis pepper used Yekkada gida S gigantea (L.) R.Br. for shivering fever. IT is also used in ethno veterinary for ophthalmic 15 leaves used to Calatropis procera treat painful Bili yekkada gida S R. Br. joints or Swellings, 16 Good source of antioxidants and used as adjunctive Caraluma therapy in the stalagmifera Mangana kodu H treatment of Fischer. diabetes, diarrohoea, hyperlipidemi a 17 Diarrhoea, Cryptolepis Fever, Cough, buchananii Roem. Haluballi C Dyspepsia, & Schult. itching, Vata rakta 18 Leaves used in Cryptostegia Rubber hombu C cardiac grandiflora R. Br., diseases 19 Leaves used Gymnema sylvestre Madhunashini C for diabetes (Retz.) R.Br. and fracture 20 Leaves are used for Hemidesmus Sogadeberu, C lactation in indicus (L.) Schult anantamula women. Root decoction for

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fever 21 Leaves are used as a Tylophora indica Adumuttada balli C emetic. Roots (N.Burm)Merr. are used for jaundice 22 Plant used for Ageratum Muguthigida/ooralag ASTERACEAE S wounds, and conyzoides L. ida skin diseases 23 Used as Echinops Brahmadande H anthelmintic echinatus Roxb. in animals 24 Used for improving hair colour, hair Eclipta prostrata Bhrungaraja H fall, dandruff (L.) L. and also for cuts, wounds and ear ache 25 The juice of the fresh leaves used to Emilia sonchifolia Ilikivi H relieve sore (L.) DC.,ex Wt. ears, sore eyes and night blindness 26 Plant used to Sphaeranthus Moodugattina gida/ H cure inspect indicus L. poison 27 Plant used as aphrodisiac and also for cuts and Tridax procubens wounds Leaf Tike soppu H L. juice possesses antiseptic, insecticidal properties 28 Vernonia cinerea Used to cure Karehindi H (L.)Less piles 29 Leaves of this plant and seeds of Sesamum Dolichandrone indicum used BIGNONIACEAE Oodi mara T falcate Seem for bone fracture. Leaves are also used for diabetis 30 Trichodesma Useful in the BORAGINACEAE Katte soppu H indicum treatment of

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(L.)Lehman scabies. 31 Furits are edible and Opuntia dillenii plant has CACATACEAE Papas kalli S (Ker-Galwer)Haw. antidiabetic propertiesm fruits for piles 32 Capparis Anticonvlusce CAPPARACEAE T divaricata Lam nt activity 33 Bark and Maytenus seeds used to CELASTRACEAE senegalensis Tondarasi S treat tooth (Lam.)Excell. ache and fresh wounds 34 Bark, resin useful in diabetes, piles anaemia, Anogeissus COMBRETACEAE Dindigada mara T digestive, latifolia (DC) Wall. improves taste. Also used in skin diseases 35 Possessess Combretum antioxidant albidum G.Don properties Edatiga C Syn. Combretum Leaves are ovalifolium Roxb. good mosquito repellent 36 The bark powder & decoction to treat heart diseases, Terminalia arjuna consumption, (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wt. Hole matti T spermaturea, &Arn skin diseases, fracture, wound, piles, and skin diseases 37 Fruits powder to treat fever, diarrhoea, lack of appetite, indigestion, Terminalia chebula piles, Alalekayi mara T Retz. vomiting, cough, asthma, anaemia and jaundice, enlargement of liver and

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spleen, obesity, diabetes 38 Considered as Commelina COMMELIANCEAE Gubbacchi bale H laxative, used benghalensis L. in leprosy 39 Plant used for impotency. Tubers are Ipomoea CONVOLVULACEAE Nelagumbala C used for the mauritiana Jacq. treatment of sexual disabilities 40 Leaves applied for inflammations. Seeds used to prevent Diplocyclos Bekkina miscarriage in CUCURBITACEAE palmatus (L.) C toradu/Shivalingi women. Fruit Jeffrey used as aphrodiaiac tonic. Seeds used against tonsils 41 Mukia maderaspatana Root decoction (L.)Roem Syn. useful in Gubbi savatikayi C Melothria flatulence and maderaspatana tooth ache Cgn. 42 Used as fodder Cyperus CYPERACEAE Vusumani hullu H for cattle and compressus L. coolent 43 Paste prepared from Fimbristylis leaves and dichotoma (L.) Neeru sabbasige H rhizomes used Vahl. to treat kidney problems 44 Leaves- carminative, laxative, diuretic, styptic, bark Diospyros EBENACEAE Beedi yele, Tumari S astringent; melanoxylon Roxb. used in dyspepsia and diarrhea; unripe fruit- carminative 45 Tincture of EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha indica L. Kuppe gida H fresh plant is

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used in homoeopathy for incipient phthisis with blood expectorations , emaciation and arterial haemorrhage 46 Seed oil applied on painful joint Breynia vitis-idaea pains. Roots S (N.Burm) Fischer and barks posses antioxidant properties 47 Latex used for Euphoribia Kol Kalli gida T application for tirucalli L. boils. 48 The latex is used to treat Jatropha curcas L. Adi Oudalu S swollen gum, skin disease 49 Latex used to Kirganelia bandage the reticulata (Poir.) Huligida S wounds cure Baill fast 50 Fruit acrid, cooling, diuretic, laxative. Root Phyllanthus and bark Bettada nelli T emblica L. astringent, seeds used for asthama, bronchitis and biliousness 51 Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher & Thonn. Whole plant is Syn Phyllanthus Nela nelli H used for fraternus L. jaundice Webster= Phyllant hus niruri acut. non. L. 52 Flacourtia Plant used in indica (Burm. f.) snake bite, Mulluthare/Mullukar FLACOURTIACEAE Merr syn. T cough cold and e Flacourtia in abdominal ramontchi pain 53 GENTIANACEAE Canscora diffusa H Whole plant is

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Vahl R. Br. used for Malaria fever, urinary trouble cough and skin disease 54 It is used as stomachic, Enicostemma laxative, hyssopifolium Biliranjaka H antidiabetic, (Willd) leaves possess antiulcer property 55 Carminative, Hyptis suaveolens antispasmodic, LAMIACEAE Nayi tulasi H (L.) Poit. used in urinal infections 56 Used in Leonotis bronchial nepetifolia (L.) Kadu tumbe gida H asthama, R.Br. diarrhoead, fever 57 It is used as Leucas plukenetii mosquito (Roth) Spreng Tumbe H repelnt in Syn. Leucas aspera house holds 58 Cassia auriculata Used for injury LEGUMINOSAE L. along with Sub Family: Honnambare gida H Syn. Senna Diospyros Caesalpinaceae auriculata L. chloroxylon 59 Plant is used in case of snake bite and Cassia fistula L. Kakke gida T scorpion sting. Root used for breast diseases 60 Plant used for skin diseases, indigestion, Cassia tora L. Chogache S also possesses laxative properties. 61 Flowers in the treatment of Asthama and Caesalpinia S malarial fever. pulcherima (L) Sw The bark is considered as abortificient. 62 Pterolobium Bark used as hexapetalum C hair cleanser (Roth) S & Wagh and hair tonic

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Syn. Pterolobium indicum A.Rich. 63 The paste of the tender leaves of is mixed with Tamarindus water, Hunase T indica L. strained and added with salt. It is useful in bleeding piles. 64 The gum dental injury and to kill the worms LEGUMINOSAE present in the Acacia chundra Sub Family: Terada kanti T stomach. The (Rottler)Willd Mimosae fruit has sweet acrid which is extensively used as a cooling agent. 65 The leaves are used for curing dysentery and Acacia ferruginea liver DC. Syn. Mimosa Banni mara T complaints. ferruginea (DC.) Leaves are Roxb. eaten to avoid foul smell from the mouth 66 Bark and heart wood are used Acacia farnesiana as substitute (L.) Willd Syn, for Acacia Vachellia Jagi gida T catechu in the farnesiana (L.) W treatment of & A. Leprosy. Flower in perfume 67 Gum and stem bark used for Acacia leucophloea Bili jaali T the treatment (Roxb.)Willd. of ulcers and boils 68 Equal quantity of fruits, Acacia nilotica (L.) Kari jaali T flowers, leaves Willd and bark were powdered and

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mixed with sugar (250g) About 10 g of this mixture was dissolved in a cup of milk and given once a day to cure premature ejaculation of semen. 69 For caries of teeth, atrophy, emaciation, scabies, Albizia amara syphilis (Roxb.) Boiv. Syn. Chigare mara T sores,child Mimosa amara birth Roxb. complaints, stop bleeding after abortion, bite of tiger 70 Fresh soft bark was grind in water and 50ml of the infusion was Albizia lebbeck Galimara T orally (L.). Benth. administered thrice a day for snake bite and scorpion sting. 71 Fruits are shade dried, powdered and Mimosa hamata Sagari mullu gida T mixed with Willd. lemon juice to cure ulcers in animals. 72 The roots seeds and leaves used to treat stiffness LEGUMINOSAE in the arm, Abrus precatorius Sub Family: Gulaganji C dental caries, L. Papilionaceae baldness, dandruff, defects of vision and skin diseases 73 Atylosia Adavi togari C Nervine tonic,

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scarabaeoides (L.) used in Benth. spermatorrho ea, and good antibacterial agent. Seeds taeniafuge 74 Urinary problems, aphrodisiac, blood purifier, Butea astringent, monosperma Muttugada gida T contraceptive (Lam) Taub and rejuvenator. Alsofor snake bite 75 Root, bark and leaves used for Dalbergia latifolia tooth ache as Beete T Roxb. alactagogue and for swellings. 76 Plant said to Desmodium Kadu avare H be useful for triflorum (L.) DC. diarrhea. 77 The seed, root and leaves used in the form of powder to Psoralea treat skin corylifolia L. diseases, , Bavanchi gida H Syn. Cullen poisoning, for corilifolia L conception, caries, deafness, filaria, Also used to treat Leprosy 78 It is often referred as Indian licorice as its Taverniera roots are cuneifolia H sweet and (Roth.)Arn. taste very similar to that of Jeshta Madhu 79 Root paste Tephrosia Koggi gida, applied for H purpurea (L.) Pers shrapunka indigestion also use in

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pimples 80 Plant used as galactagogue, Asparagus increasing LILIACEAE Halavu makkala balli C racemosus Willd milk in pregnant women 81 The root is used in the form of powder to treat arthritis, Gloriosa superba piles, boils, for Agnishikhe C L. extraction of foreign body, for easy delivery, baldness, and ear diseases 82 Tubers used in Scilla hyacinthina traditional Adi ulla gaddi H (Roth) Mc bride medicine. As Aphrodisiac 83 The seed used in the form of powder to Strychnos LOGANIACEAE Chilli beejada gida T treat eye potatorum L.f. diseases, calculi and diabetes. 84 Leaves used for fever and dysentery, Abutilon indicum urinary MALVACEAE Mudre gida S (L.) Sweet disorders, Roots nervine tonic, seeds laxative 85 Roots and leaves Pavonia zeylanica H astringent, (L.) Cav. used for gonorrhea 86 Plant is diuretic used for Sida acuta N. Bhimana kaddi H hemorrhoids Burm and also to cure impotency 87 Plant juice Sida cordifolia L. Bala H invigorating, spermatopoiet

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ic used in spermatorrho ea, roots for neurological disorder 88 Whole plant used to treat fever, bleeding Azadirachta piles, wound, MELIACEAE Bevina mara T indica Juss. gout, skin diseases, diabetes, and jaundice 89 Plant used for bone fracture, stomach pain, Soymida febrifuga Some mara T urinary (Roxb.) A Juss. problems. In animals used for easy 90 Used for Cocculus hirsutus MENISPERMACEAE Dagadi balli C spermatorrho (L.) Diels. ea 91 It is used as anthelmintic Tinospora in animals, for cordifolia (Wild.)J Amruta BAlli C diabetes, Hook & Thoms jaundice, fever and for many other diseases 92 Ficus benghalensis Plant used as MORACEAE Alada mara T L. aphrodisiac 93 Bark leaf and fruits used as a laxative, Ficus religiosa L. Arali mara T coolant and in treating skin diseases 94 Used for stomach Ficus racemosa L. Atti mara T problems and hydrocoel 95 Used for various Psidium guajava MYRTACEAE Japala kayi, T ailments like L. tooth ache, diabetes etc 96 Bark and fruits used in Syzigium cumini Nerale, Neelada treating T (L.) Skeels hannu dysentery. Fruits used for diabetes

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97 Plant used for various Boerhaavia diseases NYCTAGINACEAE Punarnava H diffusa L. specially frequent urination` 98 Roots, seeds and latex used Argemone to treat pox, PAPAVARACEAE Daturi gida S mexicana L. skin diseases gonorrhea and rabies 99 Possess cooling properties. The juice of the leaves used to treat POACEAE Cynodon dactylon fresh cuts and Karike/doorve H (Graminae) (L.) Pers wounds. A good remedy for piles. Rhizome is in genitor urinary troubles. 100 Heteropogon Roots contortus (L.) P. Oobu hullu H stimulant and Beavu diuretic. 101 The powdered root bark has carminative. Ventilago Externally RHAMNACEAE maderaspatna C itisapplied to Gaertn . relieve from itches and other skin irritations. 102 Leaves are Zizyphus Bare hannina mara T used for mauritiana Lam scorpion sting 103 Fruit used to improve Zizyphus oenopila imuune (L.) Mill. Syn. Sondaligida T system. Root Rhamnus oenoplia bark used to L. treat fresh wounds. 104 Canthium Fruits edible Khare mullina gida S parviflorum Lam fir thirst 105 Catunaregam Pulp of the RUBIACEAE spinosa Kare kayi T fruit is in (Thunb.)Truv dysentery and

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Syn. Randia cure fever. dumetorum (Retz.)Poir. 106 Gum used in cutaneous diseases. Also used in treating snake- Gardenia bite, sores of 3555iarrh ( Roxb.) Bone kaare T hand and feet, Tirveng stomach problems. Root used to treat indigestion in childlren 107 Leaves are used for wound Aegle marmelos RUTACEAE Bilva patre T healing, and (L.) Corr. diabetis, fruit diarrhea and obesity. 108 Whole plant of Brahmi is used in the form of juice to treat insanity, SCROPHULARIACE Bacop a monnieri epilepsy, Neeru brahmi H AE (L.) Wett. pediatrics diseases, pox and a rejuvenative. And memory tonic 109 Balanites Used for vision aegyptiaca (Linn.) problems, SIMARUBACEAE Ingula T Stapf Syn . Fruit for B. roxburghii jaundice 110 The root powder is used to treat excessive emaciation, rheumatic Withania SOLANCEAE Ashwa gandha S ailments, somnifera cardiac diseases, suppression of urine, and for conception in sterility, 111 ULMACEAE Holoptelea Tapsi mara T Seed & paste

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integrifolia (Roxb.) of stem bark is Planch used in treating ringworm, for treating, diabetes, leprosy and other skin diseases 112 For giddiness, tuberculosis, VERBINACEAE Lantana camara L. Hunni gida S also mosquito repellent 113 Decoction with of (Tinospora cordifolia ), haritaki (Terminalia chebula ) and Vitex negundo L. Lakki gida S marica ( Piper nigrum ) in equal parts mixed with salt alleviates cough and asthma 114 Decoction of the plant and powder to intrinsic haemorrhage, Tribulus terrestris dysuria, to ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Neggi mullu H L. promote hair- growth, arthritis rejuvenative and as an aphrodisiac. H- Herb, S-Shrub, T: Tree, C- Climber, Tw: Twiner

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS The Plant wealth of any area is an index of the environment status of the region. The importance of sacred groves in conservation of biodiversity with respect to medicinal plants has recently gained wide acceptance; hence several studies have been carried out in India to assess the biodiversity of the groves. The results of the study are placed in the ( Table -1) . The present study records a total of 114 medicinal plant species belonging to 47 families and 100 genera among them 41 are tree species, 37 herbs (one aquatic) 18 shrubs and 18 are climbers/twiner (Plate-II ) which are enumerated alphabetical order with their local name, habit and their local and therapeutic uses and ailment cured. Similar studies were conducted [20] in the sacred groves of Maharashtra. 105 medicinal plant species recorded from Chilkigarh sacred grove in Midnapore district (West Bengal) [2]. A total of 120 medicinal plants widely used for the treatment of various ailments were reported from four sacred groves of Manipur [7]. Listed

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209 angiosperm species at Gavissidalingeshwar sacred grove of Chintanpalli and opinion that among them 57 are medicinally important and 12 are threatened plants in the grove [9]. A conclusive remarks of 3rd World Congress held at Chiang Mai on the theme “Medicinal plants for human Welfare” in 2003.[6] They include the need for coordinated conservation action based on both in situ and ex situ strategies, community participation and need for more information on medicinal plant trade. The role of sacred groves in the conservation of the regional medicinal plants has been emphasized in several studies from different parts of the country. Hence the present attempt gives a useful for information for further research.

CONCLUSIONS Plants constitute a major remedy in the traditional medical system. The practice continues today because of their biomedical benefits, their easy access and place in cultural beliefs. The statistical approach provides a floristic list of medicinal plants of the study area moreover it provide on important clue for knowing of new medicinal plant species in the area. The special significance of medicinal plants in conservation stems from their cultural, livelihood or economic roles. The enumerated data on the medicinal plants species of the Gavisiddalingeshwara sacred grove provide link between people and nature by means provide mental and spiritual comfort to people. It has been observed that a large number of medicinal plants are threatened and depleting day by day. It is essential to have a proper documentation of plants (floristic list) and to know the potential and values medicinal plants, if that treasure is preserved in the respective grove, may have great potential of diverse uses in the future also serve to preserve genotypes which may be useful in forest tree-breeding programmes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors are thankful to the Forest Department of Yadgir District for extending service during survey work also to Pujari of the temple grove, villagers and devotees for sharing their knowledge. Authors are also thankful to Research mates who helped during course of work.

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