Bendigo Heritage Policy Citations Review Citations

Bendigo Heritage Policy Citations Review

Citations

Prepared for

City of Greater Bendigo

Updated June 2011 The citations included in this volume are as follows:

Axedale

Name & Description Location

Stone culverts High Street, Axedale

California Gully

Name & Description Location

Stone house 326 Maiden Gully Road

Flagstaff Hill Service Basin Staley Street, California Gully

Derrinal

Name & Description Location

Stranger Rock Due west of the parking bay just north of where the bridge over the McIvor Creek enters Lake Eppalock at Derrinal

Eaglehawk

Name & Description Location

Symbester House 19 Symbester Crescent

Epsom

Name & Description Location

Rosemundy House 15 Rosemundy Road

Kangaroo Flat

Name & Description Location

Fmr Weighbridge Hotel 12 Lockwood Road

Fmr Liverpool Store 10 Lockwood Road

Uniting Church 10 Camp Street

St Mary the Virgin Anglican 193 High Street Church

Fmr Liverpool Arms Hotel 182 High Street

Pharmacy 116 High Street

Butcher’s shop 138 High Street

LOVELL CHEN 1 Victoria Store 143-147 High Street

Barber shop 149 High Street

Bonhaven 181 High Street

Millewa Hall 214 High Street

Fmr Rechabites Hall 15 Station Street

Hope Park 12 Weir Court

Myrnong 2 Myrnong Court

Dunedin House (fmr Hillside) 25 Morrison Street

Belmont 68-72 High Street

House 24 Chapel Street

Woodville 2 Olympic Parade

St Monica’s Catholic Church 97 High Street

Tweedside 39 Crusoe Road

Fmr Police Station & Quarters 7 Camp Street

Fmr Reservoir View Hotel 214 Crusoe Road

Lockwood

Name & Description Location

Ark Hall 1419 Calder Alt Hwy

Lockwood South

Name & Description Location

Happy Jack’s Emporium 748 Calder Alternative Highway

Uniting Church 813 Calder Alternative Highway

House (Hume’s Hovell) 630 Calder Alternative Highway

Belvoir Park 151 Belvoir Park Road

Maiden Gully

Name & Description Location

Pratty’s Patch 35 Monsant’s Road, Maiden Gully

LOVELL CHEN 2 Beale House 330 Maiden Gully Road

Rocky Vale Villa 7 Wick’s Road

Maiden Gully Community 5 Beckham's Road Centre

Ninnes Lone Grave 24A Pioneer Drive and 9 Kawana Drive

Byronsvale (fmr Turand) 51 Andrew’s Road

Marong

Name & Description Location

St Patrick’s Catholic Church, 53 High Street (church) and 31 Cathcart Street presbytery and stables (presbytery and stables)

Fmr Holy Trinity Anglican 35 High Street Church

Fmr Shire of Marong Hall 31 Adams Street (Calder Highway)

Marong School No. 400 10 Adams Street (Calder Highway)

Marong Family Hotel 26 Adams Street (Calder Highway)

Uniting Church 32 High Street

Park View 1810 Calder Alternative Highway

McKenzie’s Tomato Seed 550 McKenzie Road Extraction Factory

Neilborough

Name & Description Location

Fmr Shamrock Hotel 63 Whewell Street

Black Rock (Sentinel Point) Black Rock Road, near Neilborough

Hooper’s Eucalyptus Distillery CA 44A Welshs Road

Former Kamarooka Road CA 5A Elmore-Raywood Road School (Neilborough North) no. 1726

Raywood

Name & Description Location

St Mary’s Anglican Church 47-49 Sandhurst Street (Bendigo-Pyramid Road)

LOVELL CHEN 3 Uniting Church 28 Sandhurst Street (Bendigo-Pyramid Road)

Raywood School, no. 1844 18 Sandhurst Street (the Bendigo Pyramid Road at Raywood)

Fmr Morgan’s Store 54 Inglewood Street

Former store 57 Inglewood Street

Post Office and Quarters 33 Inglewood Street

Fmr railway gatekeeper’s 9 Inglewood Street house

Fmr McKay Farm House 3536 Elmore-Raywood Road, at Oxleys Road intersection

Raywood Hotel 48 Sandhurst Street

Fmr White Horse Hotel 49 Inglewood Street

Fmr Raywood Town Hall 50 Inglewood Street

Viewbank (ruin) 2856 Elmore Raywood Road,

Sebastian

Name & Description Location

Little Sebastian Hotel (fmr 112 Main Street White Horse Hotel)

Engi farmhouse 5 Sebastian Road

Harritables’ log buildings 3a Rothackers Road

Pierce’s Eucalyptus Distillery 257 Pierce Road

Shelbourne

Name & Description Location

Farm complex 550 McKenzie Road

LOVELL CHEN 4 The Whipstick

Name & Description Location

Roy Roger’s Tree The Whipstick

Woodvale

Name & Description Location

Fmr Royal Hotel Part CA 10 Loddon Valley Highway

Monmore Vineyard and 51 Bayliss Road Butter Factory

Mudbrick huts at Flett CA 11A Dalys Road farmstead

Woodvale Hall (frm school CA 11 Dalys Road no. 1531)

Fmr Old House at Home Hotel 610 Bendigo-Pyramid Road

Fmr Camp Hotel and Store 889 Eaglehawk-Neilborough Road

Flett’s Eucalyptus Distillery CA 11A Dalys Road

Kelly Cottage 117 Caldow Road

Fmr St Francis Xavier’s 10 Mulvahil Road Catholic Church

Bob the Shepherd’s Hill CA 4A Loddon Valley Highway (north of Derby Road intersection)

LOVELL CHEN 5 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Stone culverts Reference in 1998 N/A Marong Study

Address High Street, Axedale, between Map reference VicRoads 44 J6 Mitchell Street and Raglan Place East

Building type Bluestone culverts Survey date June 2010

Date of c. 1860s Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The bluestone culverts (spoon drains) are of local historical significance.

Left and right: Views of the bluestone culverts along the north side of High Street, Axedale.

Left: View of the culvert along the south side of High Street, showing modern incursion. Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the approximate extent of the culverts shown in pink, and designated HO853.1

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History Axedale, a small town located on the McIvor Highway between Bendigo and Heathcote, was surveyed and proclaimed in 1861. A post office opened the following year. In 1865, the town was under the control of the Strathfieldsaye Road Board. Axedale was a mining district, with diggings located 6.5km (4 miles) from the town centre. Agriculture also supported the local economy. In 1865 there were eight hotels in the district, when the township was a stopping point on the route between the diggings at Sandhurst (Bendigo) and Heathcote.2 Deep and wide stone culverts (open or spoon drains) line both sides of a section of High Street, in Axedale, and while the date of construction has not been 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 established, the materials and form of the roadside infrastructure indicates a nineteenth century origin, if not a mid-century date.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes: • 3.1: Establishing pathways

Description & Integrity Axedale is located on the crest of a shallow incline on the McIvor Highway. The tree-lined High Street slopes down at the east end of the township, approximately from Mitchell Street. The culverts line the south side of High street from Mitchell Street to Raglan Place East and the north side of High Street from Mitchell Street for approximately 100 metres3, at the east end of the township. The pitched drains are composed of bluestone and are typically seven pitchers wide. Crossovers to properties on either side are embanked but may originally have been timber. Circular concrete drains to channel stormwater are embedded in the earth embankments. The condition and intactness of the culverts varies. The stretch at the west end of the north side of High Street is particularly intact. However, in some areas, including along the south side of High Street, the culvert has been built over with modern concrete kerbs. In other areas, the sides of the culverts are overgrown, with evidence of pitchers below. In considering the extent to which these elements are original, it is probable that they have (at least in sections) been repaired and/or modified over time, as required to maintain their function.

Comparative Analysis Bluestone spoon culverts of the type at Axedale, dating to the nineteenth century, survive in a number of rural towns and cities in Victoria. There is an example of comparable age at the south of Hesse Street in Queenscliff, and a particularly fine example along Sturt Street in Ballarat. While the culverts at Axedale are therefore not rare elements, in this instance they survive relatively intact for a lengthy section of a wide street, on both sides.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The bluestone culverts (spoon drains) are historically significant as surviving examples of nineteenth century roadside infrastructure (drains) on a main street in the former goldfields town of Axedale. The town was proclaimed in 1861 and was a small settlement in close to proximity to gold diggings, on the main road (McIvor Highway) between Bendigo and Heathcote. Deep and wide stone culverts (open or spoon drains) line both sides of a section of High Street.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

The bluestone culverts (spoon drains) at Axedale are examples of roadside open spoon drains of the type built in townships and rural centres across Victoria in the nineteenth century. The culverts demonstrate the basic form and function of these elements. While they are not rare elements, in this instance they survive relatively intact for a lengthy section of a wide street, on both sides. 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

N/A

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion G: Strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. This includes the significance of the place to Indigenous peoples as part of their continuing and developing cultural traditions.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The bluestone culverts (spoon drains) at Axedale, between Mitchell Street and Raglan Place East, are surviving examples of nineteenth century roadside infrastructure (drains). The deep and wide stone culverts are examples of roadside open spoon drains of the type built in townships and rural centres across Victoria during the nineteenth century.

How is it significant?

The bluestone culverts (spoon drains) at Axedale are of local historical significance.

Why is it significant?

The bluestone culverts (spoon drains) that flank the High Street at Axedale are historically significant (Criterion A) as surviving examples of nineteenth century roadside infrastructure. The culverts were constructed following the proclamation of Axedale in 1861. Axedale was a settlement in close to proximity to gold diggings, on the main road (McIvor Highway) between Bendigo and Heathcote. The culverts also demonstrate the basic form and function of roadside open spoon drains, and while they are not rare, in this instance the culverts survive relatively intact for a lengthy section of a wide street on both sides (Criterion D).

Recommendations The bluestone drains are recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified by Not known.

Specific: 1 Map changed from Heritage Policy Citations Review, 2011. November 2011 2 F F Bailliere, in the Victorian Gazetteer and Road Guide, 1865, p. 15. 3 Changed from Heritage Policy Citations Review, 2011 to reflect absence of blue stone culverts on the north side of High Street, east end. November 2011.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Sandstone dwelling Reference in 1998 CG2 Marong Study

Address 326 Maiden Gully Road, Map reference VicRoads 607 M2 California Gully

Building type Private residence Survey date July 2010

Date of 1920 (upgraded or rebuilt Recommendation Not recommended construction 1941) for the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The dwelling at 326 Maiden Gully Road is not of local heritage significance, and is not recommended for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

Left: North elevation of no. 326 Maiden Gully Road. Right: Verandah.

Left: West wall. Right: Recent sandstone structure to the west.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

Intactness  Good Fair Poor 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History California Gully was one of many early gold fields that supported sizeable tent populations during the initial rushes to Bendigo in 1851-52. Significant and more permanent development subsequently took place in the area between the 1860s and 1880s. However, with the decline of gold mining in the early 1900s, and the advent of World War I (1914-1918), the 1930s Depression, and World War II (1939- 1945), very little housing was built in California Gully until a new burst of albeit limited development of the area during the post-war years.1

City of Greater Bendigo rate books indicate that a dwelling at 326 Maiden Gully Road was built by 1920. In 1933, the property was owned by the Carlton and United Breweries. Edward J Yates took possession the following year, when the net asset value (NAV) was £3. The NAV increased to £13 pounds in 1941, suggesting that the property was significantly upgraded or rebuilt at that time.2 Edward Yates was a miner, working during the fading years of Bendigo's long period of quartz reef mining. The vernacular nature of the present dwelling, and the low cost of the locally available materials, suggest that the property was self-built. The rear of the property was damaged during the bush fires of 2009.3

The Yates family was well-known in the local area, and is also associated with the construction in the 1930s of number 330 Maiden Gully Road.4

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  4.5: Gold mining  6.8: Living on the fringes

Description & Integrity The property at no. 326 Maiden Gully Road, which is believed to have taken on its present form in 1941, is a single-storey gable roof bungalow-style dwelling built of local sandstone. It is located on a sloping site, within a large allotment. The sandstone walls are coursed, with red brick dressings to the openings and corners. The gabled roof is clad with corrugated steel sheet, painted green. The gable ends are clad in asbestos cement sheet, with strapping and a central fixed louvred vent, in the manner of a Californian bungalow. The street-facing elevation (north) is symmetrical with double hung windows flanking a central doorway. The timber door has two glass panels with a glazed highlight above. There is an elevated timber posted bull nosed verandah with central ladder frame frieze and fretted spandrels (framing the entrance). The floor of the verandah is rough concrete, and the brick base is in poor condition.

The dwelling is in fair condition.

There are a number of timber additions to the rear of the dwelling, incorporating a brick chimney. These were damaged during the 2009 bushfires. A large sandstone building, also with gable ends, of more recent construction (c. 1990s) is located to the west of the house. This appears to be a garage or store. It has a shallow pitched roof and a double-width timber door. Both structures are set back from Maiden Gully Road, behind an open garden. Vegetation, including a variety of mature and semi- mature trees are located around the property.

Comparative Analysis The use of locally-available materials in the construction of self-built homes dates to the earliest years of settlement in the Bendigo goldfields. Surviving early examples include Tweedside, at 39 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat (c. 1856), which was built of locally-made brick for a wealthy migrant, who also imported glass sheets for use in his new home. A more contemporary equivalent to the subject property, albeit built about ten years later and of mud brick and timber, is no. 330 Maiden Gully Road. This property is also believed to have been associated with, and built by, the Yates family. The bungalow style of the subject building is also of interest, being a comparatively late example of this style in the Victorian context.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The sandstone building at 326 Maiden Gully Road, which took on its present form in 1941, is of some historical interest as a late example of a vernacular dwelling built at low cost with local materials by miner Edward Yates, a member of the Yates family, well known locally. Its construction maintains a long tradition of ingenuity and self-sufficiency established by miners during the early gold rushes of the 1850s. The building is also of interest as a property constructed at California Gully during the mid-twentieth century, a period of relatively limited construction activitiy coming comparatively late in the history of the area, and following the Depression and during World War II.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The sandstone building at 326 Maiden Gully Road is of some, albeit limited, aesthetic value as a modest property of vernacular construction that is substantially intact. Properties of similar construction, being self-built and using local materials, were relatively common in the Bendigo goldfields from the late-1850s, but the subject property is a late example. The bungalow style of the subject building is also of interest, being a comparatively late example of this style in the Victorian context.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion F: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

The property was upgraded or rebuilt in 1941 by miner Edward Yates. The Yates family was well known in the California Gully area. This association is of local interest.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Statement of Significance The sandstone building at 326 Maiden Gully Road, upgraded or rebuilt in 1941, is of some historical interest as a late example of a vernacular dwelling built by miner Edward Yates, a Yates family, well known in the California Gully area. Its construction maintains a long local tradition of ingenuity and self-sufficiency established by miners during the early gold rushes of the 1850s. The building is also of interest as a property constructed at California Gully during the mid-twentieth century, a period of relatively limited local construction activity. The building additionally has some, albeit limited, aesthetic value as a modest property of vernacular construction that is substantially intact. Similar properties were relatively common in the Bendigo goldfields from the late-1850s, but the subject building is a late example. The bungalow-style of the dwelling is also of interest but is a comparatively late example of this style in the Victorian context. The association of the dwelling with the Yates family is of local interest.

Recommendations The property is not recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the City of Greater Bendigo Planning Scheme. While the building has some historical interest and aesthetic value, these attributes of the property are not considered to be of sufficient significance to warrant inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

External Paint Colours

Internal Alterations Controls

Tree Controls

Outbuildings and fences exemptions

Victorian Heritage Register

Prohibited uses may be permitted

Incorporated plan

Aboriginal heritage place

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 City of Greater Bendigo Community Profile, http://profile.id.com.au/Default.aspx?id=134&pg=101&gid=240&type=enum 2 Borough of Eaglehawk Rate Books: 1933, 1934-41, cited in ‘Stone House’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 3 Pers comm, Neil Hunt (property owner) and Adam Mornement (Lovell Chen), 9 July 2010. 4 Pers comm William Bice and Mrs Ray Bice (former owners of no. 330 Maiden Gully Road) and Ray Wallace (historian), 13 August 1998, cited in ‘Former Beale House’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Flagstaff Hill Service Basin Reference in 1998 Marong CG4 Study

Address 328 Staley Street, California Map reference VicRoads 607 M2 Gully (access from laneway)

Building type Reservoir Survey date June and August 2010

Date of 1927-28 Recommendation Include in the construction Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Flagstaff Hill Service Basin is of is of local historical and technical significance.

Flagstaff Hill Service Basin viewed from the west side of the circular embankment.

The basin viewed from the east side of the embankment. Note the cast iron outlet tower and remains of stone lining (left foreground). 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Left: Aerial view of the Flagstaff Hill Service Basin, 2010 (City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown as CG4. Note the extent of the overlay is indicative only.1

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History Access to adequate water supplies, required for both mining and domestic purposes, was a major concern in the early years of settlement in the Bendigo goldfields. Early residents of California Gully were reliant on the water in the gullies for drinking and household purposes, but this source was soon polluted by alluvial mining practices. Eaglehawk Borough Council investigated the potential for a reservoir at California Gully in 1866, but the exploratory work came to nothing. A number of other initiatives to provide a regular supply of fresh water to California Gully were explored and enacted in the later decades of the nineteenth century, including water troughs for horses and drinking taps in the streets. However, water pressure remained a problem until the 1920s.2

The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin was constructed in 1927-28 as part of improvements to water supply in the Eaglehawk area. The allotment, located on elevated ground with expansive views to the north, extends over three acres (1.35ha). It was gazetted as a water supply reserve in 1931.3 The name of the site, Flagstaff Hill, implies that it was previously the location of a flagstaff, perhaps used as a marker for miners disorientated in the dense bush; this occurred elsewhere in the region.4 The reservoir was constructed by the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission (SRWSC, constituted under the Water Act of 1905), with responsibility for the local Coliban Water Supply System having being transferred to the SRWSC in 1906. In this period (late 1920s) improvements in the management and supply of water to country areas across Victoria was carried out under the SRWSC chairmanship of William Cattanach (1863-1932).5

The reservoir was connected to the mains water supply, and at night, pressure from the mains forced water up through a cast iron water tower to fill the basin; the tower was located to the east of the circular reservoir. This created a viable water pressure for California Gully residents during the day.6 The reservoir remained in use until the early-1970s; its eventual abandonment is presumed to have been associated with the completion of the Eppalock Reservoir in 1962-63.

Children were officially forbidden from entering the reservoir reserve, although this didn’t prevent the facility from being used for swimming in the summer months.7

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes: • 4.6: Exploiting other mineral, forest and water resources • 4.7: Transforming the land and waterways

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Description & Integrity The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin, accessed from Staley Street, California Gully is an abandoned reservoir constructed in 1927-28 to resolve the long-standing problem of poor water pressure in California Gully. It has a capacity of 8.1 megalitres and consists of a large circular basin, at least in part stone-lined, with a surrounding earthen embankment, and a flat bottom approximately four metres below the top of the embankment.8 A cast iron water tower is located towards the east of the basin. During its years of operation (1928 to the early 1970s), the basin was connected to the mains water supply. The tower survives, as does some evidence of the stone lining and a square concrete- lined pit to the north of the basin. Some stone rubble is also scattered about, likely to have been associated with the original reservoir. The basin has revegetated in places.

While the basin is in a secure area, the fence at the end of the path from Staley Street is in poor condition and appears to have allowed for some public access.

Comparative Analysis The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin compares in a general sense with other contemporary water-supply works in the Bendigo area including the Specimen Hill and the Spring Gully reservoirs, both built in 1927-28.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin, constructed in 1927-28, is of historical significance as a water supply facility constructed to address the ongoing and long-term problem of providing a reliable water supply and water pressure to the residents of California Gully. From the earliest years of the Bendigo goldfields, the provision of reliable water supplies for domestic and mining purposes was problematic. This included California Gully, where a reservoir for the mining settlement was first proposed in 1866. The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin was eventually constructed by the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission under the chairmanship of William Cattanach, who oversaw improvements to the management and supply of water in country areas across Victoria. Flagstaff Hill was also one of a number of reservoirs built during the late-1920s in the Bendigo region, along with the Specimen Hill and the Spring Gully reservoirs.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

N/A

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin is of technical significance for its ability to demonstrate the design and operation of a local domestic water supply facility. The reservoir retains its overall form and shape, including the circular stone-lined basin with its flat bottom and earthen embankment, and the original cast iron water tower. The elevated location of the reservoir also helps demonstrate its operation, including the connection to the mains water supply and the maintenance of water pressure.

N/A

Criterion F: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin at California Gully is an abandoned reservoir. It has a capacity of 8.1 megalitres and consists of a large circular basin, at least in part stone-lined, with a surrounding earthen embankment and a flat bottom approximately four metres below the top of the embankment. The reservoir was constructed in 1927-28 to address the long-standing problem of poor water pressure in California Gully. During its years of operation (1928 to the early 1970s), the basin was connected to the mains water supply. The tower survives, as does some evidence of the stone lining and a square concrete-lined pit to the north of the basin.

How is it significant?

The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin is of local historical and technical significance.

Why is it significant?

The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin, constructed in 1927-28, is of local historical and technical significance. It is historically significant (Criterion A) as evidence of a long-sought solution to the problem of water supply and water pressure in California Gully. From the earliest years of the Bendigo goldfields, the provision of reliable water supplies for domestic and mining purposes was problematic. This included California Gully, where a reservoir for the mining settlement was first proposed in 1866. The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin was eventually constructed by the State Rivers and Water Supply Commission under the chairmanship of William Cattanach, who oversaw improvements to the management and supply of water in country areas across Victoria. The former reservoir is of technical significance (Criterion F) for its ability to demonstrate the design and operation of a local domestic water supply facility. The reservoir retains its overall form and shape, including the large circular stone-lined basin with its flat bottom and earthen embankment, and the original cast iron water tower. The elevated location of the reservoir also helps demonstrate its operation, including the connection to the mains water supply and the maintenance of water pressure.

Recommendations The Flagstaff Hill Service Basin is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the City of Greater Bendigo Planning Scheme. The recommended extent of the overlay is indicated in the map above. The significance is embodied in the crater-like form of the facility, emphasised by the lower level of the basin and the surrounding embankment. The plan and form of the basin and embankment should be retained, as should the remaining stone lining, the cast iron water tower, and the square concrete-lined pit to the north of the basin. An area or curtilage of approximately 10

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 metres around the basin is also important for maintaining the natural setting to the basin, and an ability to read it in the landscape.

The formalisation of public access to the former reservoir could be considered, to enable an appreciation of the structure. This experience would also be enhanced by an interpretation panel which describes the history and significance of the Flagstaff Hill Service Basin.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

1 Specific: 1 Map changed from Heritage Policy Citations Review, 2011. November 2011. 2 Noelene Wild, California Gully: The Township and Gold Mines, self-published, 2009, p. 50. 3 ‘Flagstaff Hill Servive Basin’ citation included in Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. Source uncited. 4 See description of ‘Flagstaff Hill’ at Neilborough East, Marie H Manning (ed), Back-To Raywood and District Souvenir Booklet, 1973, pp. 12-13. 5 Ronald East, ‘Cattanach, William (1863-1932)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, Melbourne University Press, 1979, p. 591. 6 Noelene Wild, California Gully: The Township and Gold Mines, self-published, 2009, p. 50. 7 Noelene Wild, California Gully: The Township and Gold Mines, self-published, 2009, p. 50. 8 ‘Flagstaff Hill Servive Basin’ citation included in Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. Source uncited.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name ‘Stranger Rock’ (aka Reference in N/A ‘Dunns Rock’) 1998 Marong Study

Address Due west of the parking Map reference VicRoads 45 B7 bay just north of where the bridge over the McIvor Creek enters Lake Eppalock at Derrinal

Building type N/A Survey date July 2010 (inspected by Pat McCarthy, of DSE)

Date of N/A Recommendation Not recommended for construction inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Stranger Rock is not is not of local heritage significance and is not recommended for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

Stranger Rock (Source: Pat McCarthy, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heathcote).

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History Stranger Rock is a geological anomaly (or ‘erratic’), being a type of hard rock (granite) not typically found in this area of the Victoria. The local landscape is comprised of Ordovician sedimentary rock dropped from the toe of an ice sheet moving north and west from the Great Dividing Range. Stranger Rock is both much larger and harder than the majority of rocks in the area. Former names for the erratic include ‘Dunns Rock’.1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  1.6: Appreciating and protecting Victoria’s natural wonders

Description & Integrity Stranger Rock is located on private land near the north shore of Lake Derrinal, close to Moorabbee Road and the McIvor Highway, approximately 10 km west of Heathcote. It is a large (c. 100-ton) granite boulder with a pink hue. Its upper surface is marked with grooves and striations, legacies of glacial activity.2

Comparative Analysis Stranger Rock is a geological anomaly (‘erratic’). In this regard it compares with Black Rock, near Neilborough (N2). However, Black Rock is much larger than Stranger Rock. It has not been established during research for this report whether Black Rock is a legacy of glacial activity. Black Rock also differs to Stranger Rock in that it was historically a popular destination for residents of Neilborough.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria (based on Heritage Victoria Landscape Assessment Criteria, updated January 2009)

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Stranger Rock is of some historical interest, as an anomalous landscape element/natural feature which has been known by local people from the early years of European settlement in the Heathcote/Derrinal area.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

N/A

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

N/A

Criterion F: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance Stranger Rock is of some historical interest, as an anomalous landscape element/natural feature which has been known by local people from the early years of European settlement in the Heathcote/Derrinal area.

Recommendations Stranger Rock is not recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. While the geological formation has some historical interest, due to it being recognised as a geological anomaly in the local Lake Derrinal landscape, this public recognition and interest is not sufficient to demonstrate historical significance, nor to warrant inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

External Paint Colours -

Internal Alterations Controls -

Tree Controls -

Outbuildings and fences exemptions -

Victorian Heritage Register -

Prohibited uses may be permitted -

Incorporated plan -

Aboriginal heritage place -

Identified By Not known.

References N/A

Specific: 1 The information for this brief history was compiled from information provided by the Tourist Information Office at Heathcote. 2 See photograph (page 1), and brochure provided by the Tourist Information Office at Heathcote.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Symbester House Reference in 1998 EF1 Marong Study

Address 19 Symbester Crescent, Map reference VicRoads 603 Q/R7 Eaglehawk1

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of Built c. 1859 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Symbester House is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Symbester House south elevation. Right: East elevation. Note rear addition, and modern development to the west (rear).

Left: Aerial view, 2010, prior to the development of the sites to the east and west of Symbester House, indicated by the arrow (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map with the subject site shown as EF01.2

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History William Bruce (1834-1916), of the Shetland Islands north of Scotland, arrived in Melbourne in 1852. He worked briefly in Melbourne, before leaving for the Ballarat and Forest Creek (Castlemaine) diggings.3 He had arrived at Bendigo by the end of 1852 and opened a shop on Bridge Street, Bendigo (then known as Irishtown).4 In partnership with a George Reade, Bruce subsequently opened stores at Sydney Flat (Woodvale) in 1854, Beelzebub Gully, Ironstone Hill and Eaglehawk Flat. Reade left the partnership in 1858 and became a commercial traveller.5 By then, Bruce had built the subject property, Symbester House, at Eaglehawk Flat (also known as Jackass Flat). The property was located close to the main road between Eaglehawk and Epsom, with access to Eaglehawk Creek to the north and Jobs Creek to the south.6 In October 1860 Bruce was granted a license to manufacture ginger beer7 and subsequently built a ginger beer factory (recently demolished) on the Symbester House property. Through the 1860s until the mid-1870s, Bruce maintained and developed his 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 interests in the aerated waters, ginger beer, stouts and ales business, trading in partnership with Michael McNamara, James Fawns and later Eaglehawk publican Thomas Barrell. In the early 1870s he also acquired the Old House at Home Hotel in Sydney Flat (Woodvale). In July 1875, Bruce’s house and factory at Eaglehawk Flat were offered for sale. He died in Bendigo on 12 June 1916, aged 82.8

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes: • 5.2: Developing a manufacturing capacity • 5.3: Marketing and retailing • 5.8: Working

Description & Integrity Symbester House, built c. 1859, is a single-storey brick house located on Symbester Crescent, directly north of the main road between Eaglehawk and Epsom, and close to the intersection with the Neilborough-Eaglehawk Road. The land is flat and located between two creeks: Eaglehawk Creek to the north and Jobs Creek to the south. Land to the south, east and west of the subject property has been subdivided and developed for housing, construction of which was underway at the time of the survey. The ginger beer factory (built c. 1860), previously in close proximity to the house, has been demolished.

Symbester House is a symmetrically composed brick house with a brick chimney to its east and a single ridge hipped roof, clad with corrugated galvanised steel. The original building is of one-room depth. The chimney stack and cornice are in brick, now overpainted, with the cornice formed from two projecting brick courses. A breakfront in rendered stucco surrounds the centrally placed front door to the principal façade (south facing), with the name Symbester House in raised sans-serif capital lettering above the fanlight. The cambered door lintel has a projecting and vermiculated keystone. The four-panelled door has a fanlight and two sidelights in a timber-framed door-case. The brick and rendered wall surfaces have all been overpainted. There are four windows to the main original building component, two symmetrically placed to the façade, one to each of the side walls. Each is a timber-framed double-hung sash with two panes to each sash. The window soffits are cambered and each window is flanked by paired brick courses, rendered and alternating in width to resemble quoins. The house is built close to the street, with a shallow front setback. The low timber picket fence and a lamppost to the east are of recent origin. The property has been extended to the rear, including a brick main wing, trailing from the centre of the main house. There are skillion-roofed lean-tos to the east and west of the rear wing. Although Symbester House has been overpainted, the walls to the east, south and west elevations of the original property appear to be intact.

The citation for the property prepared in 1998 referred to the ginger beer factory as being located next to the house, and described it as ‘ … a large [building] of random coursed stone with brick dressings … with a corrugated iron clad roof and louvred windows. The stone appears to have been obtained from the mines.’9 No above-ground evidence survives of the building.

Comparative Analysis Symbester House is typical of small single-hip, symmetrically fronted houses built throughout Victoria, particularly in the 1850s and 1860s. Similar houses, with accentuated quoins, are also found throughout Tasmania and South Australia. The house, despite the rear extension, remains distinctive in the clear expression of its original dimensions and one-room depth. The combination of house and ginger beer factory, from the 1860s, is unusual, but the latter building does not survive. In the co- location of residence and factory on a single property from the 1860s, Symbester House compares with Rosemundy House at nearby Epsom. In both cases, the factory has been demolished.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Symbester House, built c. 1859, on Symbester Crescent, Eaglehawk Flat (Jackass Flat), is of historical significance. The small symmetrically composed brick house is associated with refreshments entrepreneur and publican, William Bruce (1834-1912), who after arriving on the goldfields in 1852 established a number of stores to service the goldfields population. From the early 1860s he also manufactured aerated drinks in the factory located adjacent to Symbester House. Prior to the demolition of the factory, the two buildings also helped demonstrate an historical association whereby a residence and place of work, including a manufacturing place, were co-located.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Symbester House, built c. 1859, is of aesthetic/architectural significance. It is a largely intact small single-hip symmetrically composed dwelling. The original building component, despite the overpainting, retains its original detailing and presentation to Symbester Crescent, including the framed front door with prominent sans-serif lettering at the top of the central breakfront, and the windows with quoining. Modifications, including the extension to the rear, have not unacceptably compromised the original design intent or impacted upon the appearance of the house when viewed from Symbester Crescent. The original one-bay depth remains readable, reflecting the modest dimensions of this small 1850s house. The shallow setback to the street also helps demonstrate its early origins in the local context, where the prominence of the building in the once more generally open setting has been significantly reduced by the surrounding recent housing development.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

Symbester House is of interest in the local context for its association with refreshments entrepreneur and publican, William Bruce (1834-1912), who after arriving on the goldfields in 1852 established a number of stores to service the goldfields population. From the early-1860s he also manufactured and sold aerated drinks, including from the ginger beer factory located adjacent to Symbester House (demolished).

Statement of Significance What is significant? 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Symbester House, built c. 1859, is a predominantly intact small single-hip symmetrically composed dwelling. It retains its original detailing and presentation to Symbester Crescent, including the framed front door with prominent sans-serif lettering at the top of the central breakfront, and the windows with quoining. The property is located between two creeks directly north of the main road between Eaglehawk and Epsom, and close to the intersection with the Neilborough-Eaglehawk Road. The ginger beer factory (built c. 1860), previously in close proximity to the house, has been demolished. The house and factory were built for William Bruce (1834-1916), a publican and manufacturer of aerated drinks.

How is it significant?

Symbester House is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Symbester House, c. 1859, on Symbester Crescent, Eaglehawk Flat (Jackass Flat), is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance. Historically (Criterion A), the dwelling is associated (Criterion H) with refreshments entrepreneur and publican, William Bruce (1834-1912), who after arriving on the goldfields in 1852 established a number of stores to service the goldfields population. From the early-1860s he also manufactured and sold aerated drinks, including from the ginger beer factory located adjacent to Symbester House (demolished). Architecturally (Criterion E), Symbester House is a largely intact small single-hip symmetrically composed dwelling. The original building component, despite the overpainting, retains its original detailing and presentation to Symbester Crescent, including the framed front door with prominent sans-serif lettering to the central breakfront, and the windows with quoining. Modifications, including the extension to the rear, have not unacceptably compromised the original design intent or impacted upon the appearance of the house when viewed from Symbester Crescent. The original one-bay depth remains readable, reflecting the modest dimensions of this small 1850s house. The shallow setback to the street also helps demonstrate its early origins in the local context, which is in the process of transformation with recent housing development.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, with the significance concentrated in the original c. 1859 building component and its presentation to the street. The low timber picket fence to the front and the lamppost to the east are of recent origin and not significant elements. However, a low-to-medium scale and semi-transparent fence, such as a timber picket fence, is appropriate as it maintains views of the building façade. In preference, the external paintwork should be removed and the original face brick presentation of the building reinstated.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

References Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003.

Ray Wallace, Sydney Flat Gold to Woodvale Green, Woodvale Progress Association, 1984.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Changed suburb from Jackass Flat also known as Eaglehawk Flat, Heritage Policy Citations Review, 2011. November 2011. 2 Changed map, Heritage Policy Citations Review, 2011.November 2011. 3 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003, p. 407. 4 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003, p. 407. 5 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003, p. 407. 6 ‘Symbester House’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998, source uncited. 7 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003, pp. 407-08. 8 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, The Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castleton Publishers, 2003, pp. 407-08. 9 ‘Symbester House’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998, source uncited.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Rosemundy House Reference in 1998 E1 Marong Study

Address 15 Rosemundy Road, Epsom Map reference VicRoads 604 D6

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of Built in multiple phases from Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction 1858 to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Rosemundy House is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: John Goyne’s factory (demolished), undated (Source: Nola Aicken, present owner of the property). Right: South elevation of Rosemundy House, with the scullery, c. 1858 at centre, the ‘gold office’ at right and the west wing, c. 1890s, at left.

Left: East elevation, the verandahed component at left dates to c. 1867, the facetted bay window to the 1890s and the north wing, at right, to 2007. Right: West elevation, 1890s.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map. Note, the extent of the property boundary and the heritage overlay are indictive only.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

History John Goyne (1826-1907) was a Cornishman, born at Rosemundy, St Agnes. He was working as a miner by at least the age of 15, and in 1847, he married Catherine Letcher of Truro.1 In 1853, when Goyne departed for the Australian colonies, the couple had four children. It would be 14 years before the family was reunited, in Epsom, north of Sandhurst (Bendigo).2 Goyne followed the diggings from Creswick to Ballarat and then to Bendigo. By 1858, he had raised sufficient funds to establish the business that later made his fortune. Goyne had noticed that the established process of passing gold- bearing quartz through gauze wire gratings was inefficient, resulting in significant loss of gold. These gratings contained 36 small punctures per square inch. Goyne developed a system that could create 49 punctures per square inch; the process was ultimately refined to achieve 290 punctures per square inch. Manufacture of these quartz stamper components, in the factory on his Epsom property, grew into a business that thrived from the 1860s until the 1890s, when quartz reef mining began to slow. 3 During this period Goyne received orders for his components from all the gold-producing Australian colonies, as well as New Zealand, South Africa and Batavia (Indonesia).4

The weatherboard factory (see page 1) was located to the south-east of the present house; it was a substantial structure comprising flanking bays projecting from a central double-height volume, with a tall circular brick chimney at the rear. The factory has been demolished. Goyne’s original house (built c. 1858) was a small brick construction at the south of the present house, now known as the scullery. As the business prospered, Goyne sent for his wife and children (arriving in 1866 and 1867 respectively), and the house expanded to the north, with a passage leading from the scullery, providing access to bedrooms and reception rooms. At this time, the principal presentation of the property was oriented to the east, facing the Bendigo Creek. At its height the property comprised eight hectares (20 acres), of which six acres were orchards.5 As well as the main house, built structures at the estate included a laundry, stables (also demolished) and a ‘gold office’. The latter is still extant and is assumed to have had an administrative function associated with the factory operation, rather than a role involving the storage or holding of gold, or perhaps even a household/domestic role, although that would run contrary to its name. Public gold offices or sub- treasuries were established by the Government across the Victorian goldfields, for the safe storage of gold in transit. The building on the subject property was unlikely to have served this purpose, unless gold processing (such as quartz crushing) or some form of gold handling occurred here.

John Goyne was a prominent member of the local community. He was elected to the Huntly Shire Council in 1881, becoming shire president in 1883 and 1895. In total he served as a councillor for 15 years. During the later years of the nineteenth century, and into the twentieth century, Goyne’s son Davey took an increasingly active role in running the factory.6 Davey’s house survives at number 131 Goynes Road.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  4.5: Gold mining  5.2: Developing a manufacturing capacity  5.3: Marketing and retailing  6.5: Living in country towns

Description & Integrity Rosemundy House, built from 1858 for John Goyne, is located on Rosemundy Road, to the east of Goyne’s Road. The large, asymmetrical allotment comprises a substantial and evolved single-storey Italianate red brick and stuccoed house to the west, a freestanding ‘gold office’ and outbuildings to the east. A depression between the house and outbuildings, which was the site of the former factory, is used as a barbeque/seating area.

The earliest part of Rosemundy House, forming the south wing, is a small red brick construction, rectangular in plan with a gable roof clad with corrugated galvanised sheet steel, crude barge boards 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 and a simple face brick chimney at its west end. There is distinctive post-supported convex verandah to the south elevation. Between 1858 and 1867 this was John Goyne’s principal residence. A relatively recent infill connects the 1858 component (known as the scullery) to the main component of the residence to the north, built in 1867 with additions in the 1890s and 2007.

The main component of the building has a hipped roof in corrugated galvanised steel, with steel finials and cream bricks to the chimney corbels. Its principal presentation is to the east, facing Bendigo Creek. This east elevation, L-shaped in plan, comprises a recessed timber-posted verandah, with elaborate cast iron lacework, and a projecting bay to the north. The projecting bay, which provided a formal reception space, is believed to date to the 1890s and has facetted windows with elaborate, classically-inspired moulding surrounds. Internally, the space survives with a high level of integrity. The original west elevation of the 1867 addition has been enclosed by a symmetrically-composed west wing, also believed to date from the 1890s, with hipped roof and full-width verandah supported by metal poles with an elaborate cast iron lacework frieze. There is a central door with fanlight and sidelights, although the door itself is modern, and a flanking pair of double hung sash windows. The 2007 addition to the north is a long narrow wing, with a facetted north window. The addition continues the red face brick, hipped roof form and generally Italianate character of Rosemundy House.

The ‘gold office’ to the east of the house is a single-storey construction built of red face brick. Although on a tight rectilinear footprint the building achieves a sense of verticality. The gable roof is clad with corrugated galvanised sheet steel. There is an external chimney breast to the south, and an addition (WC?) to the north. The face brick chimney stack is surmounted by dog tooth brickwork and a two-course cornice. The north gable has decorated barge boards, a gable cross-bar, a square timber vent and timber finial. The timber work is generally in poor condition. The date of the building has not been established

To the north, east and south there is a generous garden, with open fields to the east and the creek beyond. The footings of the former stables, a two storey timber building, are to the north of the house, and a cellar is to the west of the scullery (the 1858 part of the house). A gable roofed outbuilding with bush pole frame and timber slab walls is also located to the west of the allotment. The open setback and turning circle to the south is of recent origin; it is believed that the property was originally accessed from the north. Some machinery related to the factory, including a large boiler, survives at the site.

Comparative Analysis In the co-location of a residence and factory at a site established from the 1850s, Rosemundy House compares with Symbester House at nearby Eaglehawk Flat. In both cases, the factory has been demolished. However, the survival of the ‘gold office’ at Rosemundy House is also an unusual element, in combination with the residence and former factory site. Architecturally, the evolved dwelling at Rosemundy House demonstrates John Goyne’s growing wealth and status. An evolved building of this nature is not uncommon, and in this instance the high degree of intactness of the different building components helps to distinguish the property. The earliest (1858) component is a humble red brick building with limited architectural pretension, typical of goldfields buildings of the 1850s. The 1867 and 1890s additions are essentially Italianate in character but of far greater scale and substance.

Assessment against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Rosemundy House, an essentially Italianate residence at Epsom built in stages from 1858, is of historical significance. It was built by the successful miner turned stamper component manufacturer, John Goyne (1826-1907). The site, adjacent to Bendigo Creek at Epsom, was originally developed with a timber factory and a small red brick dwelling to its east; the factory has been demolished, but the original 1858 dwelling survives (as the scullery). The expansion of Rosemundy House in 1867 and again in the 1890s reflects Goyne’s growing commercial success and social status. The 1867 addition also provided accommodation for Goyne’s family, with whom he was reunited after a long separation. 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

At its height, the estate extended for over eight hectares, and included a substantial orchard and two- storey stables, of which the footings survive. In the combination of private residence and factory at a single property, Rosemundy House demonstrates a particular way of life on the goldfields, where it was not uncommon for a residence and place of work to be co-located. The survival of the free standing ‘gold office’ is also an unusual element, which enhances the significance of the property. The association with John Goyne is additionally significant, as he was a prominent and respected member of the local community, a councillor for 15 years from 1881, and president of Huntly Shire in 1883 and 1895; his local importance is also reflected in the naming of ‘Goyne’s Road’ directly to the east. His son, Davey, continued to manage the factory after John’s retirement. However, business slowed from the 1890s, with the decline of quartz reef mining.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Rosemundy House, built from 1858 with additions in 1867, the 1890s and 2007, is of aesthetic/architectural significance. It is a substantial evolved dwelling set within a generous garden setting. The earliest (1858) component is a humble red brick building with limited architectural pretension, typical of goldfields buildings of the 1850s. The 1867 and 1890s additions are essentially Italianate in character, and of greater scale and substance. All of these elements are substantially intact to their periods of construction and reflect John Goyne’s growing commercial success and social status. The interiors of the principal formal spaces survive with a high degree of integrity; the 2007 addition is sympathetic in scale and style. The ‘gold office’, although modest, is also of significance and if it proved to be an original gold storage/handling facility it would be a rare surviving building type on a private property. Its simple detailing and vertical proportions are distinctive; its visual relationship with the main house and former factory site is additionally an aspect of its significance, emphasising its original role within the property. The property overall is further enhanced by the substantial garden setting, with open fields to the east.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion F: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Rosemundy House is significant for its association with John Goyne, a successful industrialist who was a prominent and respected member of the local community, being a councillor for 15 years from 1881, and president of Huntly Shire in 1883 and 1895.

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Rosemundy House is a substantial and evolved single-storey Italianate red brick and stuccoed house. It was built in multiple stages from 1858. As originally built, a weatherboard factory was located to the east of the house. The factory was used for the manufacture of the quartz stamper components that made Goyne’s fortune. A depression to the east of the house indicates the location of the factory. Goyne’s original house was a small brick construction at the south of the present house, now known as the scullery. As his business prospered, the house was expanded to the north, with a passage leading from the scullery providing access to bedrooms and reception rooms. At its height the property comprised eight hectares (20 acres). As well as the main house, built structures included a laundry, stables (also demolished) and a ‘gold office’. The latter is extant and is assumed to have had an administrative function associated with the factory operation, rather than a role involving the storage or holding of gold, or perhaps even a household/domestic role.

How is it significant?

Rosemundy House is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Rosemundy House at Epsom, an essentially Italianate residence built in stages from 1858, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance. Historically (Criterion A), Rosemundy House was established by the successful miner turned quartz stamper component manufacturer, John Goyne (1826-1907). The property was originally developed with a timber factory (since demolished) and a small red brick 1858 dwelling to its east, which survives as the scullery to the enlarged residence. The expansion of Rosemundy House in 1867 and again in the 1890s reflects Goyne’s growing commercial success and social status; the 1867 addition also provided for Goyne’s family with whom he was reunited after a long separation. At its height, the estate extended for over eight hectares, and included a substantial orchard and two-storey stables, of which the footings survive. Rosemundy House is also significant for the combination of private residence and factory/place of work at a single property. The survival of the free standing ‘gold office’ is also an unusual element, which enhances the significance of the property. The association with John Goyne is additionally important (Criterion F), as he was a prominent and respected member of the local community, a councillor for 15 years from 1881, and president of Huntly Shire in 1883 and 1895. His son, Davey, continued to manage the factory after John’s retirement, although business slowed from the 1890s with the decline of quartz reef mining.

Rosemundy House is of local aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E). It is a substantial evolved nineteenth century dwelling set within a generous garden setting. The earliest (1858) component is a humble red brick building with limited architectural pretension, typical of goldfields buildings of the period. The 1867 and 1890s additions are essentially Italianate in character and of greater scale and substance. All these elements are substantially intact to their periods of construction. The ‘gold office’, although modest, is also significant. Its simple detailing and vertical proportions are distinctive; its visual relationship with the main house and former factory site is additionally an aspect of its significance, emphasising its original role within the property. The property overall is further enhanced by the substantial garden setting, with open fields to the east.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The recommended extent of the Overlay is indicated in the map above, with the significance concentrated in the evolved main residence, ‘gold office’ and sites of former buildings such as the factory and stables (see below for potential archaeological value), with a curtilage to the structures and the garden setting. The evolved nature of the residence is also important with the nineteenth 5

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 century additions being significant components of the dwelling. The original face brickwork of the historic buildings should remain unpainted. The current vehicle turning circle and driveway and the 2007 additions, although sympathetic, are not original or early and hence not significant elements.

No detailed investigation of the footings and remnants of the factory or stables building has been undertaken, and further survey would assist in clarifying if these elements are of archaeological value. The gable roofed outbuilding with bush pole frame and timber slab walls has also not been investigated in detail and may be a significant element. Clarification of the original construction and use of the ‘gold office’ would confirm if this building is in fact a rare building type on a private property.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions Yes

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Nola Aicken, ‘John Goyne 1826-1907),’ unpublished paper, citing details of the British census of 1841 and 1851 2 Nola Aicken, ‘John Goyne 1826-1907),’ unpublished paper. 3 Nola Aicken, ‘John Goyne 1826-1907),’ unpublished paper. 4 Nola Aicken, ‘John Goyne 1826-1907),’ unpublished paper, see also W.B. Kimberly (ed), Bendigo and vicinity: a comprehensive history of her past, and a resume of her resources ; together with the biographies of her representative pioneers, public, commercial and professional men, F W Niven & Co, Melbourne, 1895. 5 Nola Aicken, ‘John Goyne 1826-1907),’ unpublished paper. 6 Pers comm, Nola Aicken (present owner), and Adam Mornement (Lovell Chen), 23 June 2010.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Former Weighbridge Hotel Reference in 1998 KF02 Marong Study

Address 12 Lockwood Road, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Flat

Building type Shop Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1875 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The former Weighbridge Hotel is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: South and east elevations, Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane respectively, c. 1980s (Source: Ruth Hopkins, Moving Forward, Looking Back: the History of the Marong Shire, 1985, p. 59). Right: South and east elevations (2010).

Left: Detail of south elevation. Right: Rear (north) elevation.

Left: Aerial 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo); the non-original western section of the building is evident. Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map. The Weighbridge Hotel is shown as KF02.

Intactness Good  Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History The first publican’s licenses in Kangaroo Flat were granted to William Gunn and James Jamieson on 9 August 1854.1 Gunn’s Glasgow Arms Hotel (established shortly afterwards and now demolished), located at the corner of Station and High streets, was a Kangaroo Flat landmark. The former Weighbridge Hotel (subject building), whose name relates to the former public weighbridge opposite, was built in 1875 by Henry Alger, the previous owner and publican of the Crown & Anchor Hotel at Lockwood.2 The building was located in Kangaroo Flat’s historic commercial core. The Weighbridge Hotel was also one of nine hotels in Kangaroo Flat included in the Liquor Register of Licensee renewals granted at the Court of Petty Sessions in Sandhurst on 22 December 1884. The township of Kangaroo Flat was proclaimed in 1886. Robert Slessar was the licensee at that time.3 In 1907-08 the licensee was G Brooks,4 and in 1910 the Licenses Reduction Board presided over its closure, the owner being paid £200 in compensation and the occupant £45.5 The property is presently used as a barber’s shop.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  5.6: Entertaining and socialising  5.8: Working

Description & Integrity The former Weighbridge Hotel is a single-storey brick building located at the corner of Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane in Kangaroo Flat. It is constructed to the south and east property boundaries (zero setbacks). The west portion of the building (shops) is of recent origin.

The former Weighbridge Hotel itself has a chamfered corner entry bay, with door. There is another door to the south elevation, which is flanked by two windows. There are a further three windows to the Dunlop Lane elevation. All the window and door openings in the original hotel component to Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane appear original or early, while later openings have been made to the rear (north) elevation. The window to the east of the corner entry door is a double hung sash, with two panes to each sash. The upper panes are framed by a moulded and arched timber plate, suggesting that it may be earlier than the other window openings, which are double hung timber framed sashes with cambered headers. The original hotel walls are built in a variant of English bond with one header course for every three stretcher courses. The bricks walls are overpainted.

There is a stepped parapet to the south and north elevations, with a bracketed projecting course of headers surmounted by stretcher bricks, topped by a further course of headers set back. The parapet continues to the recent addition to the west. Behind the parapet, and with generally limited visibility, is a galvanised steel-clad pitched roof (to the original hotel component). There are three chimneys, including two mounted flush with the five step parapet rear wall. This suggests that this south elevation and the roof it screens were alterations, possibly of the period c.1900-20s. The timber- framed skillion-roofed verandah to the south (front) elevation facing Lockwood Road is of recent origin

A skillion roofed rear addition to the original hotel, evident in the c. 1980s image (see page 1), has been demolished. The rear yard is paved in asphalt. The property appears generally to be in sound condition.

Comparative Analysis In its combination of a brick-patterned and then recessed parapet with a corner entrance and cambered head double-hung sash windows, the former Weighbridge Hotel parallels other hotels in the area, including: the now demolished Windermere Hotel, also in Kangaroo Flat, which had a chimney attached to its parapet as with the rear parapet here;6 Gunn’s Hotel at the High and Station street intersection (demolished);7 the former Liverpool Arms Hotel at Kangaroo Flat (W6); and the former Royal Hotel at Woodvale (W1).8 More generally, the low spreading proportions and chamfered corner typify historic goldfields hotels. These goldfields hotels lso differ from proportionally similar single- storey hotels in, for instance, the Port Fairy or Port Albert districts in having parapet frontages.9 The

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 distinctive parapet treatment with recessed upper courses and dog-tooth or detail brickwork is also common to hotels and shops in the Kangaroo Flat area and is something of a local signature.

Assessment against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The former Weighbridge Hotel (built 1875), at the corner of Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane in Kangaroo Flat, in the town’s historic commercial core, is of historical significance. It is an example of a hotel built during the early years of the development of Kangaroo Flat, prior to its proclamation as a township in 1886. The former hotel also survives as one of nine hotels in Kangaroo Flat included in the Liquor Register of Licensee renewals in December 1884. The name recalls the weighbridge which was historically located opposite the property, now demolished.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

The former Weighbridge Hotel retains some of the principal characteristics of historic single-storey hotels in the area. These include the low proportions, chamfered corner entry bay and cambered head double-hung sash windows.

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The former Weighbridge Hotel is of aesthetic/architectural significance. It is a surviving hotel of the Victorian period which is similar in its low proportions and chamfered corner, and details including the brick-patterned and recessed parapet, and cambered head double-hung sash windows, to a number of historic hotels in the former Rural City of Marong, and the goldfields region more generally. The distinctive parapet treatment with recessed upper courses and dog-tooth or detail brickwork is also common to hotels and shops in the Kangaroo Flat area and is something of a local signature.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The former Weighbridge Hotel is a single-storey brick building located at the corner of Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane in Kangaroo Flat. It is constructed to the south and east property boundaries. The west portion of the building (shops) is of recent origin. The hotel was constructed in 1875. Its name relates to the former weighbridge opposite. The building has a chamfered corner entry bay, with door. There is another door to the south elevation, which is flanked by two windows. There are a further three windows to the Dunlop Lane elevation. All the window and door openings in the original hotel component to Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane appear original or early, while later openings have been made to the rear (north) elevation. The original hotel walls are built in a variant of English bond with one header course for every three stretcher courses.

How is it significant?

The former Weighbridge Hotel is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The former Weighbridge Hotel (1875) is historically significant (Criterion A) as an example of a hotel built during the early years of the development of Kangaroo Flat, prior to its proclamation as a township in 1886. The former hotel also survives as one of nine hotels in Kangaroo Flat included in the Liquor Register of Licensee renewals in December 1884. The name recalls the weighbridge which was historically located opposite the property, now demolished. The former hotel is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E). It is a surviving hotel of the Victorian period which is similar in its low proportions and chamfered corner, and details including the brick-patterned and recessed parapet, and cambered head double-hung sash windows, to a number of historic hotels in the former Rural City of Marong and the goldfields region more generally. The distinctive parapet treatment with recessed upper courses and dog-tooth or detail brickwork is also common to hotels and shops in the Kangaroo Flat area and is something of a local signature (Criterion D).

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the City of Greater Bendigo Planning Scheme. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, with the focus of significance on the original hotel component. The western addition to the building (modern shops); the non-original verandah; and the rear yard are not elements of significance. In preference, the external paintwork should be removed, and the original face brick presentation of the building returned. The advice of a heritage practitioner should be sought prior to undertaking these works. Further investigation is required to determine the original verandah form (if any).

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

References Ken Arnold, Bendigo; Its Environs; The Way It Was, Crown Castleton, Bendigo, 2003.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 82. 2 Alexander Sutherland, Victoria and Its Metropolis: the colony and its people in 1888, Melbourne, 1888, cited by Gordon and Shirley Roberts in ‘The Search for the Crown & Anchor and the Mystery of Happy Jack,’ unpublished paper, provided courtesy of City of Greater Bendigo. 3 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 82-3. 4 Sands and McDougall, Bendigo, Suburban, and District Directory for 1907-08, cited in ‘Former Weighbridge Hotel’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 5 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 82-84. 6 Wesley Hammill and Dorothy Wild, Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, private publication, Kangaroo Flat, 1994, volume 2, not paginated. 7 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 53. 8 Ken Arnold, Bendigo; Its Environs; The Way It Was, Crown Castleton, Bendigo, 2003, p. 74-5, see also pp. 256-7. 9 Compare examples illustrated in The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981: these include the former Derwent Hotel in Port Albert (p.3/122) or the Merrijig Inn and Caledonian Hotel at Port Fairy (pp. 3/110-111).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Former Liverpool Store Reference in 1998 KF03 Marong Study

Address 10 Lockwood Road, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Flat

Building type Premises of the Y Service Survey date June 2010 (external Club (YMCA) inspection only)

Date of Believed to have been built in Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction the 1860s to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The former Liverpool Store is of local historical, aesthetic/architectural and social significance.

Left: The former ‘Liverpool Store’ complex included a timber shop to High Street, now demolished. Note the unpainted east wall of the subject building at upper left of image (dated 1870s). (Source: Courtesy Peter Bimpson, City of Greater Bendigo). Right: South elevation (Lockwood Road) of the former Liverpool Store, c. 1990s (Source: National Library of Australia).

Left: South and east elevations. Right: Rear elevation; note lantern roof.

. Left: East elevation, note angled brick course, evidence of a pre-existing structure in this location. Right: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown as KF03.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

History The double-height brick former store located in Kangaroo Flat’s historic commercial core is believed to have been built during the 1860s, at which time the population of the township was approximately 1,200.1 The former store was built as the centrepiece of W Roger's ‘Liverpool Store’ complex, which included a post office and a single-storey timber shop, with gable ends and street verandah, acting as the retail outlet for the store.2 The timber shop addressed High Street, with a low-scale rear wing which abutted the east elevation of the existing building (see ‘Curnow and Anderson’ picture, c. 1870s, page 1). It is also possible that the former post office or a residence abutted the north end of the east elevation of the subject building. The former store is the only surviving component of the complex.

The premises passed from Roger to H Algier and then to Curnow and Anderson, grocers, ironmongers and produce dealers, in the 1870s. It was later occupied by Earl's bakery, and in 1907-08 by F Lapsley for his Corn Store.3 In the mid 1930s Mr Jeffery, who was to become one of Bendigo's most prominent bakers, purchased the property. It was subsequently used as the YMCA hall. The property is now the premises of the Y Service Club, which supports the YMCA and the community.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  5.3: Marketing and retailing  5.8: Working

Description & Integrity The former Liverpool Store is a double-height brick building located at the south-east corner of Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane in Kangaroo Flat, with no setback to Lockwood Road. The property was not inspected internally; references to internal elements in the following are from the previous survey carried out in 1998.4

The former store has a square plan and is built on a sandstone base. The break fronted and trabeated front (south) elevation, addressing Lockwood Road, is divided into three bays with a cornice and parapet carried on pilasters. The parapet has a central pediment moulding supported on each side by half ogee cornices. The central entry has a flat head surmounted by a round arch filled in by a recent metal fanlight with slender radial framing. The entry doors are also recent, in four leaves with plate- glass windows and a kick-bar one quarter the way up. The entry, which may have originally been a vehicle entry, is flanked in each bay by a single window, bricked up but possibly always having been blind. The bays are divided by pilasters which break up through the main cornice and rise across the parapet. These have deep indentations (recessed panels) that rise through the parapet. The side and

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 end walls are windowless. With the exception of the rear, all elevations are overpainted. The roof is a four-sided hip, with steel cladding and a proportionally large, similarly hipped and clad central lantern extending over about half the roof area.

A bricked-up door opening at the south end of the east elevation may have provided a connection to the former timber shop that formed part of the original Liverpool Store complex. An embedded angled brick course is evident at the north end of the east elevation, indicating that a gable roofed structure pre-existed the former Liverpool Store in this location.

Inside (as of 1998), the floor is subdivided into a central section with aisles divided by timber posts supporting a complicated system of ties and struts to carry the roof.

The side yard to the building’s immediate east is paved in concrete, and the Lockwood Road paving is a mixture of cement with inset brick paving at the Dunlop Lane corner.

Comparative Analysis Stores of this type, with a parapet, central vehicle-sized entry and symmetrical flanking bays, are found throughout Victoria, including in Melbourne suburbs. The form was also used for market buildings as at Castlemaine (1861-2).5 Later, with simpler roof forms, the basic form was reworked in early motor garages such as Hawthorn Motors at Glenferrie (1912). The narrow pilaster indentations are rarer elements, although a related indented brick surfacing can be seen in hotel piers and parapets around the Geelong waterfront area. These stores also had formal similarities to institutional halls, including the Temperance Hall in View Street, Bendigo, with the frontage treatment by James Blair (c. 1895).6 The street entry to Bendigo’s former Fuse Factory is also similar in principle.7

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The former Liverpool Store (built c. 1860s) at the south-east corner of Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane, Kangaroo Flat, and located in the town’s historic commercial core, is historically significant. The former commercial building dates to the earliest phase of settlement at Kangaroo Flat; it is also the only surviving element of the former ‘Liverpool Store’ complex, which is also believed to date to the 1860s, and included a timber shop addressing High Street, and a post office.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The former Liverpool Store, as a two-storey brick structure dating to the 1860s, is a rare surviving building of its type in the former Shire of Marong, and offers evidence of an historic commercial operation.

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The former Liverpool Store is of aesthetic/architectural significance. Its double-height and robust presence to the street, as well as the trabeated and substantially intact south elevation, give the 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 property a high degree of prominence in its context. The brick building, which is among the most substantial (non religious) buildings in Kangaroo Flat, also emphasises the historic importance of the former commercial (Liverpool Store) operation. Elements of note include the roof lantern, and in relation to the facade the pedimented parapet, evidence of the former vehicle entry, symmetrical flanking bays, and pilaster indentations.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

The former Liverpool Store is of social significance in the local context, for its present use as premises of the Y Service Club, which supports the YMCA and the community, and for its historic use as retail premises. The social value of the property is enhanced by its large scale and prominence at the south end of Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip.

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The former Liverpool Store is a double-height brick building located at the south-east corner of Lockwood Road and Dunlop Lane in Kangaroo Flat. It was built in the 1860s as the centrepiece of W Roger's ‘Liverpool Store’ complex, which included a post office and a single-storey timber shop, with gable ends and street verandah, acting as the retail outlet for the store. The extant brick building has a square plan and is built on a sandstone base. The break fronted and trabeated front (south) elevation, addressing Lockwood Road, is divided into three bays with a cornice and parapet carried on pilasters. A bricked-up door opening at the south end of the east elevation may have provided a connection to the former timber shop that formed part of the original Liverpool Store complex. An embedded angled brick course is evident at the north end of the east elevation, indicating that a gable roofed structure pre-existed the former Liverpool Store in this location.

How is it significant?

The former Liverpool Store is of local historical, aesthetic/architectural and social significance.

Why is it significant?

The former Liverpool Store (c. 1860s) is historically significant (Criterion A) as a former commercial building which dates to the earliest phase of settlement at Kangaroo Flat. It is also the only surviving element of the former ‘Liverpool Store’ complex, which is also believed to date to the 1860s, and included a timber shop addressing High Street, and a post office. The building is additionally a relatively rare surviving building of its type in the Marong area, offering evidence of an historic commercial operation (Criterion B). The former Liverpool Store is of local social significance (Criterion G), for its present use as premises of the Y Service Club, which supports the YMCA and the community, and for its historic use as retail premises. The social value of the property is enhanced by its large scale and prominence at the south end of Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip.

The former ‘Liverpool Store’ is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E). Its double- height and robust presence to the street, as well as the trabeated and substantially intact south elevation, give the property a high degree of prominence in its context. The brick building, which is

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 among the most substantial (non religious) buildings in Kangaroo Flat, also emphasises the historic importance of the former commercial (Liverpool Store) operation.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the City of Greater Bendigo Planning Scheme. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, and extends to the title boundary. However, the focus of significance is on the 1860s brick building, and particularly its roof lantern, the pedimented parapet, symmetrical flanking bays and pilaster indentations. In preference, the external paintwork should be removed, and the original face brick presentation of the building returned. The advice of a heritage practitioner should be sought prior to undertaking these latter works. Further research is also required in order to clarify the original form and treatment of the large central opening to the facade.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 F F Bailliere, Victorian Gazetteer and Road Guide, 1865, Melbourne, p. 200. 2 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 40-48. 3 Sands and McDougall, Bendigo, Suburban, and District Directory for 1907-08, cited in ‘YMCA’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Geelong Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 4 ‘YMCA’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Geelong Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 5 The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981, pp. 3, and 151-53, though Castlemaine Market had a more complex plan, a portico and flanking towers. 6 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo: Tour Guide of Historic Buildings, National Trust of Victoria, Bendigo, 1987, p. 15. 7 The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981, p. 3/148.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Uniting Church (former Wesleyan Reference in 1998 KF04 Church) Marong Study

Address 10 Camp Street, at the south- Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 west corner of Church and Camp streets, Kangaroo Flat1

Building type Church Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1871 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The Uniting Church is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: North and west elevations, addressing High and Camp streets respectively. Right: Rear (east) of the Uniting Church complex.

Left: East elevation. The addition was built in 1986 following a fire. Right: Interwar Sunday School.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the Uniting Church shown as KF04.

Intactness Good  Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History The Methodist sects were well represented in the former Marong Shire from the earliest years of European settlement, arguably more so than any other denomination, reflecting the presence of Cornish miners in the district.2 The Wesleyans were the first sect to hold services in the former shire, from 1854, in a slab building at Kangaroo Flat. Also, in September of 1854, J D Mowbray opened a Wesleyan Day School at Kangaroo Flat, operating from a tent. He established a Sunday School shortly afterwards.3 Mowbray’s tent was one of the first denominational schools in the former shire.4 The Wesleyans at Kangaroo Flat relocated to the present site, on elevated ground to the south-west of the Camp and High street intersection, in 1856. A brick church was constructed there in 1858, designed by Reverend Joseph Dare. The foundation was laid by magistrate Lachlan McLachlan in August 1858.5 The foundation stone of the present church was laid on 7 March 1871 by Thompson Moore, MLA for Mandurang and successful local businessman. It was designed by the eminent firm of Melbourne architects Crouch and Wilson who undertook many church commissions. The builder was Gibbons of Castlemaine and the cost £1,150. The church was opened on 4 July 1871, from which point the earlier brick church was used as the Sunday School.6 The trustees of the new Wesleyan Church were Thompson Moore, J S Lithgo, David Weir, Sidney Courtier and J J Christian. The 1858 church was extended in 1936, and inn 1952 the original section of the 1858 church was demolished and replaced with a new Sunday School Hall and a vestry. These new additions were opened on 25 September 1954.7 In 1977, the Methodists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists combined to form the Uniting Church, and in May 1982 a fire damaged a weatherboard addition at the rear (east) of the 1871 church. It was replaced with additional accommodation and a new brick wall in 1986.8

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  8.1: Maintaining spiritual life  8.2: Educating people

Description & Integrity The Uniting Church (former Wesleyan) complex comprises a substantial gabled bichrome brick Gothic Revival church (1871) and brick Sunday School (1936). The buildings are located to the west end of a deep site, on elevated ground behind a small open landscaped park close to Kangaroo Flat’s historic centre. The main presentation is to the west (High Street), behind the deep setback.

The gabled west façade of the 1871 church, facing High Street, is subdivided into three elements, having a central geometric arched west window and doors in each flanking bay, with three oculus windows outlined in cream brick, one over each door, the other above the main window. The main window has four lancets rising to support three quatrefoils with seven linking triangular lights. The side windows are all simple lancets with diamond-pattern lead pane joints. Their heads are expressed in cream brick. The plinth is of rough-cut sandstone and there is a decorated wrought iron cross at the gable apex, set in a chamfered block-finial. The steeply pitched roof has slate tile cladding, capped with a notched ridge, and with three dormer vents on each side. The lower gable edges are finished with two kneelers delineated in cream brick. The facade also has a pair of diagonal two-stage buttresses in red brick with cream brick off-sets, and this treatment is repeated on the six other buttresses to the side walls, these being set at right angles. The breakfront around the main window is topped by a gable with two more kneelers projecting to each side and finishing a run of cream brick up each breakfront corner, each laid in three course sets of alternating length to produce quoin imagery. The plan is a basic nave, and there is no chancel expressed externally.

A larger addition has been made to the Church Street (east) side of the church, in the wake of the 1982 fire. This includes a broad porch to the north side that continues around to Church Street. The outer component has a large flat roof with timber fascia and metal decking, supported by blade piers in brick. It breaks open at the north-east corner to include an integral pergola with diagonal beams. On the Church Street side, this pier theme becomes a set of wing walls separating five (sashed) window bays. The porch entry is a floor-to-ceiling set of fixed glass panes with a main door. Immediately behind the flat roofed area is a lean-to pitched roof forming a gable-hip with the church’s original east end gable. The lean-to east end roof is clad in Marseilles pattern tiles and standard tile 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 ridge capping. A timber fascia set above a row of clerestory windows. The addition is not a sympathetic element and conceals the original gable end to which it is attached.

The inter war Sunday School to the immediate south of the church is directly linked to the flat roofed component of the 1980s addition, with metal-deck roofing running through and linking with its north porch wing. This obscures the Sunday School’s east elevation, apart from the plain brick rear gable; the addition also internalises the south windows of the 1871 church.

The Sunday School is of red brick with a rough cast gable end, decorated panels in clinker brick, a central gable vent and a broad gable eave, supported by four diagonal timber brackets. It has a cruciform pitched truss roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel, with two transverse wings to each side of the main gable as it faces High Street. The corbelled side gables are plain brick panels, and the main (High Street) wall is dominated by a four-light timber-framed central fanlight window bisected with a brick pier. The fanlights have pent heads, carrying the Gothic influences further. This window is crowned by a Tudor-looking hood mould with label-stops, and flanked by a pair of two- stage buttresses with cement-rendered off-sets. The High Street wall has a thick, flush course line in rendered cement running across its front.

A toilet block is located to the west (front) of the Sunday School, with a flat roof clad in steel decking, red face brick walls and boxed eaves. A timber ramp has been added to the north-west corner of the Sunday School, and its framing supports a recent lean-to porch roof. The toilet entries are screened by crimped steel panels attached to a light steel frame. The steel ridge-vents above the hall are recent. These elements are also not sympathetic to the Sunday School and obscure views of its main façade.

The open space to the west of the deep site was landscaped as a small municipal park during the early 1990s, by arrangement with the former Rural City of Marong.9

The original fabric of the church appears to be in generally sound condition but shows evidence of structural movement. This is marked along the north side walls, where mortar courses have fallen out at various places. A conspicuous vertical crack has opened between the bricks alongside one of the side lancet windows and runs down to the base.

Comparative Analysis The original 1871 church resembles a number of churches completed for dissenting congregations in Victoria, including on the goldfields. Crouch and Wilson, the architects, were leaders in this genre and had been designing compositionally and proportionally similar churches since the 1850s in Melbourne (as at Glen Iris) and around Victoria. The bichrome brick had also spread through Victoria after Reed and Barnes’ pioneering use of it in the Independent Church and St Jude’s churches in Melbourne (1866-7). Breakfronts coupled to major west windows can be seen in Charles Webb’s Anglican Church in New Street Brighton (1856-7), the breakfront being coupled to a bellcote. Camberwell Uniting, from 1889, is another with strong parallels. Charles Webb’s dissenting Churches, as with the John Knox (1863) and Welsh Churches in Melbourne, also have parallels in the broad west frontage, although this design avoids Webb’s signature of two turrets on the west front.10

The Church Street additions typify more recent porch and office extensions to older churches and are popular in both Uniting and Anglican Church circles.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The 1871 Uniting Church (former Wesleyan Church) at the corner of Church and Camp streets, Kangaroo Flat is of historical significance. The site has been the centre of Methodism at Kangaroo Flat since 1858, and the present church has been the focus of Methodism since 1871, initially as the Wesleyan Church and since 1977 as the Uniting Church. The Methodist sects were well represented in the former Marong Shire from the earliest years of European settlement, reflecting the presence of 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Cornish miners in the district. The presence of the Methodists, and this substantial 1871 church, also provides evidence of the diversity of religious communities on the broader goldfields. The 1936 Sunday School additionally is of significance, and provides evidence of the ongoing role and presence of the church in the local community into the first half of the twentieth century.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The 1871 Uniting Church (former Wesleyan Church) at the corner of Church and Camp streets, Kangaroo Flat is of aesthetic/architectural significance. The building, although unsympathetically modified and extended, remains a substantial and prominent gabled bichrome brick Gothic Revival church. It is an example of the work of Crouch and Wilson, noted Melbourne architectural practice, which demonstrates the tri-partite façade treatment which was a characteristic of the firm's churches. Elements of note include the central geometric arched west window with four lancets rising to support three quatrefoils with linking triangular lights; three main gable oculus windows outlined in cream brick; side windows with simple lancets and diamond-pattern leadlights; picturesque steeply pitched roof; wall buttressing; and brick quoining. The church also has landmark qualities by virtue of its scale and presentation, as well as its location on a generous, informally landscaped and elevated site at the south of Kangaroo Flat’s historic core. The 1936 Sunday School is also of note. While appropriately subservient to the church in scale and footprint, the smaller building has elements of interest including the distinctive cruciform pitched truss roof with two transverse wings to each side of the main gable; use of red brick with a rough cast gable end, and decorated panels in clinker brick; a central gable vent and a broad bracketed gable eave; and the Gothic influenced four-light timber- framed central fanlight window, flanked by a pair of two-stage buttresses.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

The Uniting Church at Kangaroo Flat is of social significance in the local context, as the focus of the Methodist community, initially the Wesleyan Church and later the Uniting Church, since 1871.

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant? 4

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

The Uniting Church (former Wesleyan) complex at Kangaroo Flat comprises a substantial gabled bichrome brick Gothic Revival church (1871) and a brick Sunday School (1936). The buildings are located on elevated ground behind a small open landscaped park close to Kangaroo Flat’s historic centre. The 1871 church, designed by Melbourne architects Crouch and Wilson, superseded an earlier (1858) church within the same allotment. The 1858 church then became a Sunday School, prior to its demolition in 1936 and replacement with the present Sunday School. Despite the unsympathetic modifications and additions to the east, the 1871 church remains a substantial and prominent structure with a strong Gothic Revival character. The gabled west façade of the 1871 church, facing High Street, is subdivided into three elements, having a central geometric arched west window and doors in each flanking bay, with three oculus windows outlined in cream brick. The main window has four lancets rising to support three quatrefoils with seven linking triangular lights. The side windows are all simple lancets with diamond-pattern lead pane joints, and heads expressed in cream brick. The plinth is of rough-cut sandstone and there is a decorated wrought iron cross at the gable apex. The steeply pitched roof has slate tile cladding. The lower gable edges are finished with two kneelers delineated in cream brick. The facade also has a pair of diagonal two-stage buttresses in red brick with cream brick off-sets, a treatment repeated on the six other buttresses to the side walls. The plan is a basic nave, and there is no chancel expressed externally.

How is it significant?

The Uniting Church is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The 1871 Uniting Church (former Wesleyan Church) is historically significant (Criterion A) as the centre of Methodism at Kangaroo Flat since 1858, with the present church the focus of Methodism since 1871, initially as the Wesleyan Church and since 1977 as the Uniting Church. The Methodist sects were well represented in the former Marong Shire from the earliest years of European settlement, reflecting the presence of Cornish miners in the district. The presence of the Methodists, and this substantial 1871 church, also provides evidence of the diversity of religious communities on the broader goldfields. The 1936 Sunday School additionally is of significance, and provides evidence of the ongoing role and presence of the church in the local community into the first half of the twentieth century. Socially (Criterion G), the Uniting Church is significant as the focus of the Methodist community, initially the Wesleyan Church and later the Uniting Church, since 1871.

The Uniting Church is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E). The building, although unsympathetically modified and extended, remains a substantial and prominent gabled bichrome brick Gothic Revival church. It is an example of the work of Crouch and Wilson, noted Melbourne architectural practice, which demonstrates the tri-partite façade treatment which was a characteristic of the firm's churches. Elements of note include the central geometric arched west window with four lancets rising to support three quatrefoils with linking triangular lights; three main gable oculus windows outlined in cream brick; side windows with simple lancets and diamond-pattern leadlights; picturesque steeply pitched roof; wall buttressing; and brick quoining. The church also has landmark qualities by virtue of its scale and presentation, as well as its location on a generous, informally landscaped and elevated site at the south of Kangaroo Flat’s historic core. The 1936 Sunday School is also of note. While appropriately subservient to the church in scale and footprint, the smaller building has elements of interest including the distinctive cruciform pitched truss roof with two transverse wings to each side of the main gable; use of red brick with a rough cast gable end, and decorated panels in clinker brick; a central gable vent and a broad bracketed gable eave; and the Gothic influenced four-light timber-framed central fanlight window, flanked by a pair of two-stage buttresses.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the City of Greater Bendigo Planning Scheme. Although the extent of the Overlay is shown in the above map, reflecting the property boundary, the focus of significance is on the 1871 and 1936 buildings. The face brick walling should remain unpainted. The additions are not significant, and if removed in the future could provide the opportunity to reinstate the original church building form. It is recommended that the property be inspected for structural movement. 5

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Changed address from 161 High Street, Heritage Policy Citations Review, 2011. November 2011. 2 Ruth Hopkins, Moving Forward, Looking Back: The History of Marong Shire, Shire of Marong, 1985, p. 101. Methodist sects included the Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists, Bible Christians, Congregationalist Presbyterians and Independents. 3 David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 106. 4 Ruth Hopkins, Moving Forward, Looking Back: The History of Marong Shire, Shire of Marong, 1985, pp. 103. 5 David Horsfall (ed)Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 106-07. 6 David Horsfall (ed)Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 107. 7 David Horsfall (ed)Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 107. 8 David Horsfall (ed)Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 107. 9 David Horsfall (ed)Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 107. 10 See The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981, pp. 3/12 item 4 (Brighton Anglican Church), 3/42-3 (St Jude’s), 3/52 (Independent Church), 3/60 (John Knox).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name St Mary the Virgin Anglican Reference in 1998 KF5 Church (demolished) Marong Study

Address 193 High Street, accessed from Map reference VicRoads 613 M4 Church Street, Kangaroo Flat

Building type Church (demolished) Survey date June 2010

Date of 1862 (demolished 2009) Recommendation Recommended for construction inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory

Significance St Mary the Virgin Anglican Church (site of) is not of sufficient heritage significance to be included in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay, but is recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory.

Left: East elevation of former St Mary the Virgin Anglican Church, undated. (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, private publication, Kangaroo Flat, 1994, volume 1, not paginated.) Right: Aerial view of the Anglican reserve, February 2007. The church is circled (Source: Google Earth).

Left: Aerial of the Anglican reserve, May 2010, following the fire of December 2008. (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: The Anglican reserve pictured from the west, with the site of the former church at left (void) and the present church (former parish hall) at right (2010).

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History The first Anglican services at Kangaroo Flat are believed to have been held in 1858, in the school room in Kangaroo Gully. The present two-acre Anglican reserve, south of Kangaroo Flat’s historic core, was granted in 1862.1 The original reserve has not been subdivided, with the exception of two blocks in the south-west. A church was constructed on the site in 1862, designed by the prolific and notable church architect Nathaniel Billing. Its construction was supervised by the architect and land surveyor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

William Smith. The foundation stone was laid by the first Bishop of Melbourne, Charles Perry on 30 June 1862. Bishop Perry was also present at its opening on 30 October 1862.

St Mary the Virgin was a small polychrome brick church in the early English Gothic Revival manner. The nave was divided into four buttressed bays with coupled lancet arched windows and a plain end wall. Modifications and extensions were carried out in 1952 (new sanctuary), 1967 (internal refurbishment) and 1987 (narthex). A parish hall – the present St Mary’s Anglican Church – was constructed in 1969-70 to the south of the church. It was dedicated by the Right Reverend R E Richards, Bishop of Richards on 8 February 1970. The weatherboard parish hall of 1890 was demolished in 1992.

St Mary the Virgin was extensively damaged in a fire on 11 December 2008. The vestry, including some church records and memorabilia, was saved. However, the damage was sufficiently extensive to warrant the removal of the building in its entirety in July 2009.2

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  8.1: Maintaining spiritual life

Description & Integrity The St Mary the Virgin Anglican Church complex comprises the former parish hall (St Mary’s Anglican Church since December 2008), and subsoil remnants (footings, etc) of the original St Mary’s (1862, demolished 2009).

The former Parish Hall, built in 1969-70, is a double-height face brick construction with a shallow gable roof. The windowless front (east) elevation features two broad projecting brick piers flanking an open-sided single-storey entry vestibule whose gabled roof is carried on a steel frame. A cross is fixed to the east elevation at the apex of the vestibule roof. The entry is a pair of timber door leafs painted red. There are highlight windows to the north and south elevations. A concrete ramp is located at the rear (west) entrance, which mirrors the east elevation, in being windowless with a central door opening. The A demountable structure is located to the south.

The site includes a number of trees and plantings of some age, presumed to have been planted by the Anglican Church which has occupied the site since 1862. As noted, with the exception of two blocks subdivided in the north-east corner, the two-acre site retains its original (1862) dimensions.

Comparative Analysis N/A

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

N/A

Statement of Significance N/A

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Victorian Heritage Inventory (VHI). The process to be followed for a site to be included in the VHI is typically undertaken by an archaeologist, and involves a site inspection and completion of a ‘Heritage Inventory Site Card’ to be filed with Heritage Victoria. Details of the process are at, www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/heritage, ‘Archaeology and Heritage Inventory’. Notwithstanding the Heritage Act 1995 provision that all sites older than 50 years are automatically protected, the inclusion of the St Mary the Virgin Anglican Church site in the VHI, in the 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 absence of Heritage Overlay controls, would provide an appropriate mechanism for the future management/protection of the sub-surface remnants.

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong Study Area), Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 107. 2 The Bendigo Advertiser, 12 December 2007 and 27 July 2009; ABC News online, www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/12/11/2443507.htm) 11 December 2008.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Former Liverpool Arms Hotel Reference in 1998 KF06 Marong Study

Address 182 High Street, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Flat

Building type Retail premises Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of Before 1884 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The former Liverpool Arms Hotel is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: East elevation, addressing High Street. Right: South elevation, addressing View Street.

Left: Detail of external wall at corner of High and View streets. Right: Aerial view.

Left: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown as KF06

Intactness Good  Fair Poor 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  5.6: Entertaining and socialising  5.8: Working

Description & Integrity The former Liverpool Arms Hotel on the High Street at Kangaroo Flat is a single storey construction of bichromatic brick (overpainted) built to the boundaries of its corner site. Being located at a corner, the building has frontages to both streets (High and View streets), with the principal presentation to High Street. A non-original return verandah, over the street, is located to both frontages (elevations).

The building has a parapet to High Street, with a recessed stuccoed panel for signage; the parapet returns to View Street for a bay and then lowers. The cornice treatment is straightforward, being a flat plate of bricks projecting slightly from the parapet face and fronted with a reverse ogee moulded string course. The windows in the two bays of the façade to each side of the south-east corner, appear to be original. The paired doors and windows to the west elevation along View Street are later, being part of an addition; the windows are of different proportions. There is an outbuilding visible from View Street, on the west side of the former hotel, which repeats the window treatment on the later component of the View Street elevation. The outbuilding is separated from the main building by a backyard vehicular entry. The four doors facing High and View streets are panelled with tall glazed panes in their upper panels. The timber-posted verandah, including the roofing, lacework frieze and posts are all later elements. The building has different roof forms, including a hipped roof at the centre of the building with galvanised steel cladding painted a dull green. The roof behind the parapet facing High Street has a mono-pitched metal deck roof, as does the wing projecting west along View Street. There are unpainted bi-chrome brick chimney stacks. The north side of the building abuts a contemporary restaurant building. Alterations, other than those noted above – including the verandah, west additions/alterations and overpainting – also include internal works, to adapt the former hotel to a restaurant and shop. The building appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis In its combination of a moulded and then recessed parapet top with low, spreading proportions and cambered headed double-hung sash windows, the former Liverpool Arms Hotel parallels other single- storey historic hotels in the area. These include the now demolished Windermere Hotel and the former Weighbridge Hotel both in Kangaroo Flat (although these hotels had chamfered corner entrances, a form which was not adopted for the subject building);4 the former Royal Hotel at Woodvale; and the former Happy Jack’s (Crown and Anchor) Hotel, Lockwood South.5 William Gunn’s Glasgow Arms Hotel (c. 1854-60, and later demolished)6 at the High and Station streets corner was similarly spreading in its proportions. The former Liverpool Arms Hotel’s combination of differing roof forms parallels both the former Glasgow Arms hotel and the earlier, single-storey version of the Rifle Brigade Hotel in View Street, central Bendigo.7

Other Bendigo hotels similar to the former Liverpool Arms include the Manchester Arms Hotel in Long Gully by H E Tolhurst (1866); and the Queen’s Arms Hotel in Russell Street, Quarry Hill by Moffat and 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Brady, who were also active in Kangaroo Flat (1872). The latter is a corner design with return verandah. The Camp Hotel on the Neilborough-to-Eaglehawk Road in the Whipstick (1868) shows the characteristic window and door treatment seen in the Kangaroo Flat’s former hotels.8 The breadth of examples cited indicates the popularity and longevity of this hotel type in the Bendigo region.

More generally, the low proportions and spreading street frontage typify Central Victorian hotels and shop buildings in the Loddon Valley and elsewhere, especially on flat sites. They differ from proportionally similar single-storey hotels in, for instance, Victoria’s Western District in having parapet frontages. The distinctive parapet treatment with recessed upper courses above either a moulded or projecting brick course is common in hotels and shops in the Bendigo area and the combination is something of a regional signature.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The former Liverpool Arms Hotel (built before 1884), at the corner of High and View streets in Kangaroo Flat, is of historical significance as an example of a hotel built during the early years of the development of Kangaroo Flat, prior to its proclamation as a township. The former Liverpool Arms Hotel was one of nine hotels at Kangaroo Flat in 1884, and although de-licensed in 1915, remains as evidence of the proliferation of hotels in the goldfields settlements. Its prominent location on High Street also emphasises the role of hotels on main roads.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

The former Liverpool Arms Hotel retains some of the principal characteristics of historic single-storey hotels in the area. These include the moulded and recessed parapet with stuccoed panel for signage; the low, spreading proportions; cambered headed double-hung sash windows; and multiple doors in the two street frontages for providing entry to different areas (and internal functions) of the building.

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The former Liverpool Arms Hotel, although an evolved building (with additions and modifications), is of aesthetic/architectural significance. It retains the distinctive elements of other single-storey historic hotels in the area, including the moulded and recessed parapet with a stuccoed panel for signage; the low, spreading proportions; and cambered headed double-hung sash windows. The multiple doors in the two street frontages also reflect its historic hotel function, in originally providing entry to different areas of the building such as the public bar and the residence. Its location at the southern entry to Kangaroo Flat, on the township’s main street, additionally gives the property a degree of prominence in the local context.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The former Liverpool Arms Hotel (built before 1884), located prominently at the corner of High and View streets in Kangaroo Flat, is a single storey bichromatic brick (overpainted) building constructed to the boundaries of its corner site. The building has frontages to both streets (High and View streets), with the principal presentation to High Street. The return verandah to these building frontages is not original. Significant elements include the moulded and recessed parapet with a stuccoed panel for signage; the low, spreading proportions; the cambered headed double-hung sash windows; and the multiple doors in the two street frontages. The location at the southern entry to Kangaroo Flat, on the township’s main street, is also important.

How is it significant?

The former Liverpool Arms Hotel at the corner of High and View streets, Kangaroo Flat, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The former Liverpool Arms Hotel (built before 1884), at the corner of High and View streets in Kangaroo Flat, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance. It is historically significant (Criterion A) as an example of a hotel built during the early years of the development of Kangaroo Flat, prior to its proclamation as a township. The former Liverpool Arms Hotel was one of nine hotels at Kangaroo Flat in 1884, and although de-licensed in 1915, remains as evidence of the proliferation of hotels in the goldfields settlements. Its prominent location on High Street also emphasises the role of hotels on main roads. The former Liverpool Arms Hotel, although an evolved building (with additions and modifications) is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E); and retains some of the principal characteristics of historic single-storey hotels in the area (Criterion D). The latter include the distinctive elements of single-storey historic hotels, such as the moulded and recessed parapet with a stuccoed panel for signage; the low, spreading proportions; and cambered headed double-hung sash windows. The multiple doors in the two street frontages also reflect its historic hotel function, in originally providing entry to different areas of the building (bar and residence). Its location at the southern entry to Kangaroo Flat, on the township’s main street, additionally gives the property a degree of prominence in the local context.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, with the focus of significance on the evolved former hotel building. In preference, the external paintwork should be removed, to return the building to its original bichromatic brick presentation. The advice of a heritage practitioner should be sought prior to undertaking these works.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 82. 2 David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 82-3. 3 Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, citation for the Fotmer Liverpool Arms Hotel (KF6), 1998, source uncited. 4 Wesley Hammill and Dorothy Wild, Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, private publication, Kangaroo Flat, 1994, volume 2, not paginated, p. 77. 5 Ken Arnold, Bendigo, Its Environs: The Way It Was, Crown Castleton, Bendigo, 2003, p. 74-5. See also, Arnold, pp. 256-7. 6 David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 82-3. 7 David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 53; Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), Bendigo, 1982, p. 14. 8 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), Bendigo, 1982, p. 106 (Manchester Arms), p. 130 (Camp Hotel) and p. 151 (Queen’s Arms).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Priceline Pharmacy Reference in 1998 KF7 Marong Study

Address 116 High Street, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Flat

Building type Retail premises (former post Survey date June 2010 (external office) inspection only)

Date of c.1880s Recommendation Not recommended for construction the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The Priceline Pharmacy is not of local heritage significance, and is not recommended for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

Left: East elevation (High Street). Right: North elevation, showing rear additions.

Left: Detail of original wall fabric to upper section of the east elevation. Right: Aerial view 2010 (source: City of Greater Bendigo).

Intactness Good Fair  Poor

Existing HV AHC NT Heritage Status

History The pharmacy at 116 High Street is understood to have formed part of the Kangaroo Flat post office. The original date of construction has not been established but is assumed to have been c.1880s- 1890s. The post office was located on the north side of the property, with a residence, which had a dedicated entrance, to the south. A timber rear addition comprised the kitchen and other amenities. The post office is recorded as having had an open fire and timber counter. A cast iron drinking fountain was located in front of the building.1 In 1907-08 the postmistress was a Mrs M A Davidson; it was later run by a Mrs Robinson. Subsequent postal managers included Miss Hocking (1930s), Miss

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Davidson, Fred Jackson (1940s) and J Clarke2 who ran the post office until R Tyndall’s chemist shop was established there in 1950. The property remains in use as a pharmacy.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  5.8: Working  8.3: Providing health and welfare services

Description & Integrity The single storey building is located on the west side of High Street, with an asphalt-paved car park fronting Dunlop Lane at the rear. The building comprises three components: the original front component (the long-standing High Street shop), a large gabled addition to its rear, and a more recent awning attached to the addition.

The shop front on the east of the building (facade) has a parapet with a curved pediment with recessed tympanum, and dogs tooth cornice returning on the side elevations. The pitched roof is clad with corrugated sheet metal. As built, the wall facing High Street is believed to have been exposed brick, which is now overpainted. The facade has large modern openings, including double doors and irregularly-spaced display windows, although the cambered brick headers of the original windows and door can still in part be discerned above these openings. Original sandstone quoins are also still evident. There is a bull-nosed verandah with faux ‘1880s’ lace around the timber posts and a neo- Federation frame-frieze. The addition abutting the original building component (to the rear) is fronted on its north side by a stepped back wall in umber brown brick, with a side door and topped by pitched roofing carried on gables fronted with cement sheet. Behind that is a more recent awning addition with large signage panel and entry ramp facing Dunlop Lane. The additions, which have not been dated, have steel deck or corrugated galvanised steel roof cladding. The building appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis The original building was similar to single-storey parapet-fronted shops all over Victoria, built from the later nineteenth century into the 1920s, with various frontage forms and of various materials. They were generally marked by symmetrical shopfronts, or had the door offset simply to one side, and the parapets on these shops often had a recess or panel set out for signage. The quoin usage was familiar to that found elsewhere in the Bendigo-Castlemaine area, although usually on more imposing buildings such as the various post offices or Castlemaine Market. The later verandah, with its inauthentic combination of Federation and 1880s elements, is an example of recent verandah additions, often found on historic shopfronts.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The pharmacy building at 116 High Street, Kangaroo Flat, c. 1880s-90s, is of historical interest as a surviving historic commercial building in the township’s main street. It is believed to have formed part of the Kangaroo Flat post office and quarters and has been used as a pharmacy for at least 60 years.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The pharmacy building at 116 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is of limited aesthetic/architectural value. The facade retains some intact original elements, including the parapet with a curved pediment with recessed tympanum and dog's tooth cornice but is otherwise an altered frontage. The shopfront openings are modern, and the verandah is not original.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance The Priceline Pharmacy at 116 High Street Kangaroo Flat, c 1890s-1900s, is of some historical interest and limited aesthetic/architectural value. Historically, the c. 1880s-90s building is a surviving historic commercial building in the township’s main street, which is believed to have formed part of the Kangaroo Flat post office and quarters, and was subsequently used as a pharmacy for at least 60 years. Aesthetically, the facade retains some intact original elements, including the parapet with a curved pediment with recessed tympanum and dog's tooth cornice but is otherwise an altered frontage. The shopfront openings are modern, and the verandah is not original.

Recommendations The property is not recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. While the property has some historical and aesthetic interest, the building is altered, and the majority of the building (footprint) is not original. The historical interest and limited aesthetic/architectural value are not sufficient to warrant inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

External Paint Colours -

Internal Alterations Controls -

Tree Controls -

Outbuildings and fences exemptions -

Victorian Heritage Register -

Prohibited uses may be permitted -

Incorporated plan -

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Aboriginal heritage place -

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 3. 2 Details of postal managers derive from the citation for ‘John Jones Pharmacy’ included in the City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998, by Andrew Ward et al. The source is presumed to have been personal communication between Ray Wallace, local historian, and Dorothy Wild, 16 September 1998.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Butcher's shop Reference in 1998 in KF08 Marong Study

Address 138 High Street, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Flat

Building type Retail premises Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1882 Recommendation Recommended for the construction Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The butcher’s shop at Kangaroo Flat is of local historical and social significance.

Left: East elevation (High Street). Right: Aerial view (highlighted).

Proposed Heritage Overlay map. The subject site is shown as KF08.

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History William Sparks Petherick erected this building in 1882 as the first butcher's shop in Kangaroo Flat. Slaughtering was carried out at the rear of the premises with the offal being thrown into pits and the blood running through the network of street drains. The proprietor's sons, Alf and Ted, were both butchers, Alf taking over the shop and living in a timber house between the shop and the Kangaroo Flat hotel. Alf Petherick was a successful harness-racing horse trainer. In the early 1930s he constructed Bonhaven, at 181 High Street (KF11), apparently with the winnings from his champion trotter Glideaway, and in 1935 he transferred to a butcher's shop in Hargreaves Street, Bendigo. Alf’s brother Ted carried on the business at Kangaroo Flat until the 1950s. Subsequent owners were a Mr 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Young and Ray Wilkinson. It is understood the building once had a flywire screen instead of the present plate glass windows at the front and there was a large ceiling height ice box across the back wall to keep the meat cool.1

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes: • 5.3: Marketing and retailing • 5.8: Working

Description & Integrity The butcher’s shop at number 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is a small single-storey brick building with a prominent parapet. The parapet has a dogs tooth cornice and curved pediment, stepped in a reverse ‘S’ profile down to the side walls. Two S-bars have been added to strengthen the parapet. The rear elevation, facing a back yard that leads toward Dunlop Lane, has a single gable in exposed face brick with a diamond pattern gable vent perforated in the brick and a chimney at the north-west corner, placed flush with the rear wall. Extensive works were carried out to the shop frontage in the 1940s or ‘50s, including the renewal of the shop front, incorporating a chromium-plated trim. The brickwork to the High Street facade has also been overpainted. The cantilever awning is an addition, being anchored to the lower parapet by two capped I-girders. At the rear, the building has been extended, and has a low pitched roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel covering two parallel wings toward the backyard. These have asbestos-cement sheet walls and timber-framed windows, being probably of similar age to the shop front renewal (1940s or 50s). They obscure most of the original rear elevation. The property appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis The dogs tooth parapet detail, coupled to a recessed course above it, is something of a Kangaroo Flat signature, similar to parapets in the former Weighbridge Hotel at 12 Lockwood Road, and the former Liverpool Arms Hotel, at 182 High Street. The shop is otherwise typical of many similar nineteenth (and early) twentieth century, single-storey and single-fronted retail/commercial buildings in Victoria.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The butcher’s shop at number 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1882) is of local historical significance as the first butcher's shop in Kangaroo Flat, and for its ability to recall the late-nineteenth century development of Kangaroo Flat. The shop, which remains in use for its original intended purpose, was established by William Sparks Petherick, who was also a successful harness racing horse owner and trainer. It is believed that Petherick paid for the construction of his nearby house Bonhaven (KF11) from the winnings of the champion trotter Glideaway. The butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat was later taken over by his sons, and remained in the Petherwick family until the 1950s.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects. 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

In its general scale, proportions and restrained decorative detail the butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is typical of many similar nineteenth (and early) twentieth century, single-storey and single-fronted retail/commercial buildings in Victoria.

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is of limited aesthetic/architectural value. While it retains the original parapet with dogs tooth cornice and curved pediment, which recalls its 1880s date of construction, the shopfront has been modified and dates to the mid-twentieth century. The cantilevered awning is also of recent origin.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

The butcher’s shop is of social significance in the local context as a commercial property that has been used for its original purpose for over 130 years. The building’s social significance is enhanced by its location on Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip.

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The butcher’s shop at number 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is a small single-storey brick building with a prominent parapet. The parapet has a dogs tooth cornice and curved pediment, stepped in a reverse ‘S’ profile down to the side walls. Extensive works were carried out to the shop frontage in the 1940s or ‘50s, including the renewal of the shop front, incorporating a chromium-plated trim. The brickwork to the High Street facade has also been overpainted. The cantilever awning is an addition, being anchored to the lower parapet by two capped I-girders. At the rear, the building has been extended, and has a low pitched roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel covering two parallel wings toward the backyard. These have asbestos-cement sheet walls and timber-framed windows, being probably of similar age to the shop front renewal (1940s or ‘50s).

How is it significant?

The butcher’s shop at Kangaroo Flat is of local historical and social significance.

Why is it significant?

The butcher’s shop at number 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1882) is historically significant (Criterion A) as the first butcher's shop in Kangaroo Flat, and for its ability to recall the late- nineteenth century development of Kangaroo Flat. The shop, which remains in use for its original intended purpose, was established by William Sparks Petherick, who was also a successful harness racing horse owner and trainer. It is believed that Petherick paid for the construction of his nearby house Bonhaven (KF11) from the winnings of the champion trotter Glideaway. The butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat was later taken over by his sons, and remained in the Petherick family until the 1950s. The butcher’s shop is of local social significance (Criterion G) as a commercial property that has been used for its original purpose for over since construction in 1882. Its social 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 significance is enhanced by its location on Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip. In its general scale, proportions and restrained decorative detail the butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is typical of many similar nineteenth (and early) twentieth century, single-storey and single-fronted retail/commercial buildings in Victoria (Criterion D).

Recommendations The butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay of the City of Greater Bendigo Planning Scheme. The focus of significance is on the 1880s building.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Specific: 1 The history derives from ‘The Old Butcher’s Shop,’ included in David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 101.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Former ‘Victoria Store’ Reference in 1998 KF09 Marong Study

Address 143-147 High Street, Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Kangaroo Flat

Building type Retail/restaurant Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1870, with later additions Recommendation Include in the Schedule to construction the Heritage Overlay

Significance The former ‘Victoria Store’ is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Former ‘Victoria Store,’ pictured c. 1870, prior to additions (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Former ‘Victoria Store’ pictured in 1902. Note the expansion to the north and south (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

Left: West elevation of the former Victoria Store. Right: Detail of the west elevation.

Left: Two storey structure at the rear of the property. Right: Aerial view of the property, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Proposed Heritage Overlay map. The subject site is shown as KF09.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

History A timber store was erected by James Stevenson at no. 145 High Street in 1861, being replaced by a brick structure in 1870.1 Stevenson sold a range of goods, including ironmongery, clothing, millinery, boots and groceries. By 1872 the ‘Victoria Store’ was recorded in the Marong Shire Rate Books as a, ‘brick hotel and store’.2 Stevenson died in 1891, aged 56, after which his widow and their son, Richard, ran the shop. Richard (Dick) and his wife Mary subsequently took over the management of the premises until their deaths on 14 April 1945 and 27 May 1944 respectively. In the 1980s, Dick Stevenson was still fondly remembered locally for his visits by bicycle to take orders and for his gifts of sweets in a paper ‘twist’.3 His death ended the Stevenson family’s 84-year association with the ‘Victoria Store’. There have been a number of subsequent owners.

Since 1870 the original shop (145 High Street) has been expanded to the north and south. A two- storey gable roofed building (residence?) on a narrow footprint has also been constructed at the rear. The date of this building has not been established. This two-storey structure is evident in photography dating to 1902. The detached property at no 149 High Street (the barber’s shop, KF10) was originally associated with the Victoria Store, although built slightly later.4 The former Victoria Store is presently used as a coffee shop (no. 143), noodle restaurant (no. 145) and shop (no. 147).

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  5.3: Marketing and retailing  5.8: Working

Description & Integrity The Victoria Store comprises a single-storey brick building at nos 143-147 High Street, and a two- storey brick building at the rear. The High Street frontage of numbers 143-47 High Street has a simple stuccoed parapet and cornice with plain frieze, relieved by a single cyma recta string course moulding. The shopfronts were originally in exposed face brick; nos 145-147 were later clad to door height level with square ceramic tiling, relieved by a strip of repeated art deco patterning. Although now overpainted, these appear interwar in their embossed outlines; the door furniture also appears to be from the 1930s. The shop front of no. 143 is also modified, with a chromium-plated trim window, possibly dating to the 1950s or ‘60s. The arched wall vents below the shop windows also appear to date to the interwar period, as do the square wall vents lower down. The non-original High Street awning is cantilevered, with a more recent fascia and a set of thin posts designed to make the awning read as a lean-to verandah.

To the rear of no. 145 High Street is a largely externally intact two-storey brick building, on a narrow rectilinear plan, with a timber skillion-roofed attachment (lean-to) and a single ridge gable roof and 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 gable coping treatment characteristic of the area. The roof is clad in corrugated galvanised steel; the two chimneys at the north end are in unpainted cream brick. The brick walling is overpainted. Its three east-facing windows are double-hung sashes, with cambered soffits and stone or rendered sills. There is a single similar window under the south gable. The lean-to windows are probably later, with timber reveals. A steel and timber framed fence with crimped steel sheet panels separates the two- storey building from the rear yard. The two-storey component (and perhaps its timber and weatherboard lean-to) may originally have been separate from the shop fronts but is now attached to the back of the shops.

The buildings appear to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis The physical fabric of the former ‘Victoria Store’ property encompasses Kangaroo Flat development from the 1870s into the 1930s and beyond. The single storey property to High Street is believed to have originally encompassed a hotel and in this way invites comparison with the former Weighbridge Hotel (12 Lockwood Road, KF02) and Liverpool Arms (182 High Street, KF06). The frontage to High Street otherwise reads as a more typical historic commercial building, with its parapeted facade. The shopfronts also date from the interwar and post-WWII periods, which is more typical of historic retail strips in Melbourne, where interwar makeovers to shops were common. The two-storey gabled property at the rear is unusual in its combination (on the same property) with the former ‘Victoria Store’ building; it also suggests with its tight footprint and verticality the early Italianate proportions of the two-storey 1860s railway stations of that period, including Kangaroo Flat station itself (1863).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The former ‘Victoria Store’ at 143-147 High Street, Kangaroo Flat (built from 1870) is of historical significance. The brick commercial building dates to the early period of settlement at Kangaroo Flat, supplanting an earlier 1861 store by the same owner, James Stevenson, and providing the local community with a range of goods, including ironmongery, clothing, millinery, boots and groceries. By 1872 the ‘Victoria Store’ was also recorded as operating as a hotel. The Stevenson family maintained its association with the premises until the 1940s, and the property has provided multiple functions over time, including use as a shop, hotel and residence.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The former ‘Victoria Store’ is of aesthetic/architectural significance. The physical fabric of the property encompasses Kangaroo Flat development from the 1870s and later. The 1870 building frontage to 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

High Street, although altered and extended, retains its parapet and cornice. The property is also distinguished through its association with the largely externally intact two-storey gabled building at the rear. This building, with its tight footprint and verticality, suggests the early Italianate proportioning of two-storey 1860s railway stations including Kangaroo Flat station itself (1863).

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The former ‘Victoria Store’ at 143-147 High Street, Kangaroo Flat, comprises a single-storey brick building at nos 143-147 High Street, which dates from 1870; and a two-storey brick building to the rear, which pre-dates 1902. The frontage of the former store has a surviving nineteenth century parapet and cornice with plain frieze and string course moulding. To the rear of no. 145 High Street is the largely externally intact two-storey brick building, on a narrow rectilinear plan, with a single ridge gable roof and gable ends. The shopfronts incorporate later elements of the interwar (1930s) and post-WWII (1950s and 1960s) periods. This fabric is of interest but is not as significant as the surviving nineteenth century fabric.

How is it significant?

The former ‘Victoria Store’ at 143-147 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The historical significance (Criterion A) of the former ‘Victoria Store’ derives from the 1870 building’s association with the early period of settlement at Kangaroo Flat. It supplanted an earlier 1861 store by the same owner, James Stevenson, and provided the local community with a range of goods, including ironmongery, clothing, millinery, boots and groceries. By 1872 the ‘Victoria Store’ was also recorded as operating as a hotel. The Stevenson family maintained its association with the premises until the 1940s, and the property has provided multiple functions over time, including use as a shop, hotel and residence. Aesthetically and architecturally (Criterion E), the fabric of the property encompasses Kangaroo Flat development from the 1870s and later. The 1870 building frontage to High Street, although altered and extended, retains its parapet and cornice. The property is also distinguished through its association with the largely externally intact two-storey gabled building at the rear. This building, with its tight footprint and verticality, suggests the early Italianate proportioning of two-storeyed 1860s railway stations.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is shown in the above map, and extends to the property boundary.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Significant elements of the complex are the surviving elements of the nineteenth century shopfront (including the parapet and cornice), and the two-storey structure at the rear.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia, (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Sands and McDougall, Bendigo, Suburban and District Directory for 1907-08.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 ‘Stevenson and His Store,‘ David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 75. 2 ‘Shops, former Victoria Store’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 3 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia, (Vic), 1987, p. 139. 4 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 3.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Barber Shop Reference in 1998 KF10 Marong Study

Address 149 High Street, Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Kangaroo Flat

Building type Shop Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of construction c. 1880s Recommendation Include in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The barber’s shop is of local historical significance.

Left: No. 149 High Street (centre) pictured in November 1993. (Source: Andrew Ward, courtesy of City of Greater Bendigo.) Right: West elevation, addressing High Street, 2010.

Left: Verandah detail. Right: Rear of the property (centre of image).

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map. The subject site is shown as KF10. Intactness Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History No. 149 High Street was erected in the mid-1880s as part of the adjoining former Victoria Store complex, directly to the north, which had been established slightly earlier in the 1870s (143-147 High Street, KF09).1 The property was occupied by miner, Jim Blake, in the 1920s. Blake practised in the evenings as a barber. Subsequent barbers who have operated from the premises include Sam Jenkins and Danny McKay, a Kangaroo Flat identity, in the 1940s. Jack Taylor took over the business after World War II.2 The property has not always been a barber shop; Freda Neerhut (nee Johanson) also ran a dressmaking business from the premises.3 It has also been the base of Fry’s Taxi Service and was the first ANZ bank in Kangaroo Flat.4 The property is presently again in use as a barber shop.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes: • 5.3: Marketing and retailing • 5.5: Banking and finance • 5.8: Working

Description & Integrity No. 149 High Street is a small detached single-storey, single-fronted brick shop on a sandstone base with a single doorway and window to the High Street facade. It has a plain parapet with brick courses, including a double projecting frieze course. The double-hung sash window appears to be original or early, while the door and its fanlight appear to be later but have not been dated. A tiled dado, now overpainted, has been installed to the same height as that on the neighbouring Victoria Store (presumed to date to the interwar period); as noted at the ‘History,’ the barber shop was built as part of the Victoria Store complex. The exposed brick of the front wall has also been overpainted. The north side wall is in unpainted, exposed red face brick; the south side wall has been overpainted with contemporary advertisements and other paint schemes. The rear wall is cement rendered brick with parapet detailing similar to that on the High Street frontage. The roof is of monopitch form, sloping slightly northward, and clad in corrugated galvanised steel. The present barber shop sign is a comparatively recent addition, of lightweight sheet set on a simple rectangular frame. Other modifications and additions to the property include the neo-Federation style verandah, added in the 1990s, with red and white-painted posts; a garage, opening north, behind the building; and a weatherboard lean-to added to the rendered rear wall.

The property appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis The barber’s shop at 149 High Street, Kangaroo Flat, is typical of small, single-storey, single-fronted, simply detailed and parapeted shops around Victoria, built from the nineteenth century through to the early years of the twentieth century. In Melbourne these are usually on corner sites in inner suburbs such as Hawthorn, Camberwell or Carlton, but in rural areas they often appear free standing on main street frontages, where they served either as small shops or in some cases (as here for a time) as bank branches. The interwar tiled dado to the subject building matches the neighbouring Victoria Store and is also consistent with later shopfront alterations in this area, in leaving the original front wall exposed above the window and door heads.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The barber’s shop at number 149 High Street is of historical significance. Although a modest building which is not necessarily distinguished, it is a surviving 1880s commercial building on Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip that was built as part of the adjoining Victoria Store complex. The survival of the latter property enhances the significance of the barber’s shop. It has also, interestingly, been used 2

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 intermittently as a barber’s shop since the 1920s, perhaps reflecting the small scale and footprint of the building, which is not suited to a retail or commercial operation requiring more floor space.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

The barber’s shop at number 149 High Street, Kangaroo Flat, is representative of many small, single- storey, single-fronted, simply detailed and parapeted shops around Victoria, built from the nineteenth century through to the early years of the twentieth century. In rural areas they are often free standing buildings on main street frontages, where they served either as small shops or in some cases (as here for a time) as bank branches. The comparative external intactness of this building, notwithstanding the later barber shop sign and neo-Federation style verandah, still enables it to be read as an historic shop premises; this enhances this aspect of significance. N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

N/A

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The barber’s shop at number 149 High Street, Kangaroo Flat was erected in the mid-1880s as part of the adjoining former Victoria Store complex. It is a small detached single-storey, single-fronted brick shop on a sandstone base with a single doorway and window to the High Street façade, and a plain parapet with brick courses, including a double projecting frieze course. An overpainted tiled dado, presumed to date to the interwar period, is at the same height as that on the neighbouring Victoria Store. The present barber shop sign is a comparatively recent addition; other modifications and additions to the property, which are not of heritage significance, include the neo-Federation style verandah, added in the 1990s; a garage, opening north, behind the building; and a weatherboard lean-to added to the rendered rear wall.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

How is it significant?

The barber’s shop at number 149 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is of local historical significance.

Why is it significant?

The barber’s shop, although a modest building which is not necessarily distinguished, is historically significant (Criterion A) as a surviving 1880s commercial building on Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip, which was built as part of the adjoining Victoria Store complex. The survival of the latter property enhances the historical significance of the barber’s shop. It has also, interestingly, been used intermittently as a barber’s shop since the 1920s, perhaps reflecting the small scale and footprint of the building, which is not suited to a retail or commercial operation requiring more floor space. The barber’s shop is additionally representative (Criterion D) of many small, single-storey, single-fronted, simply detailed and parapeted shops built around Victoria from the nineteenth century through to the early years of the twentieth century. In rural areas they are often free standing buildings on main street frontages, where they served either as small shops or in some cases (as here for a time) as bank branches. The comparative external intactness of this building, notwithstanding the later barber shop sign and neo-Federation style verandah, still enables it to be read as an historic shop premises; this enhances this aspect of significance.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The Overlay extent is indicated in the above map, although the focus of significance is on the small 1880s building. The later barber shop sign and neo-Federation style verandah are not elements of significance; the verandah is also not sympathetic to the original simple form and presentation of the building.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 ‘Kangaroo Flat Shopping Centre,’ David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 3. 2 ‘Shop: Kangaroo Flat Barber Shop’ citation prepared by Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 3 Kangaroo Flat Shopping Centre,’ David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 3. Ward et al notes that the dressmaker was a ‘Mrs Nesbit’.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

4 ‘Shop: Kangaroo Flat Barber Shop’ citation prepared by Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. Horsfall notes that the property was the premises of the E.S.A bank. See, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 3.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Bonhaven Reference in 1998 KF11 Marong Study

Address 181 High Street, Kangaroo Flat Map reference VicRoads 613 M3

Building type Residential Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1932-34 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Bonhaven is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Bonhaven pictured c. early 1990s (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, 1994, v. 1). Right: Bonhaven looking south-west, 2010

Left: Motor garage to the north of the house. Right: Rear view.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with Bonhaven shown as KF11.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Bonhaven was built in 1932-34 by the butcher and small goods manufacturer William Sparks Petherick, who established the butcher’s shop at 138 High Street, Kangaroo Flat, which he ran for many years (see KF8). From the 1920s, Petherick was also a prominent and successful harness racing horse owner and trainer. He is believed to have paid for Bonhaven out of the winnings of the champion trotter Glideaway.1 Bonhaven, built during the Great Depression, was reputedly widely admired, with visitors to the area being known to slow down to admire the property as they passed.2 The architect has not been identified.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  6.5: Living in country towns

Description & Integrity Bonhaven is a picturesque, single-storey, brick and stucco Mediterranean style interwar villa which reveals Arts and Crafts influences including Bungalow and Spanish Mission elements. It faces west and is located in a generous landscaped garden on a large corner allotment south of Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip. The property has hipped and gabled roof forms clad with terracotta tiles in the Marseilles pattern; there are four chimneys, each in red face brick with a clinker brick base and top. Projecting bricks form a neck and cornice for each chimney. The house has a projecting arcaded porch facing west, comprising one large central arch and two smaller flanking arches on columns. The tympanum is rendered in stucco, with a small trio of clinker brick insets as central decorations, and two moulded roundels to each side of the central arch. The porch gable is bracketed with a central jerkin-head and timber kneeler outlines at each end of its bargeboard. There is a concrete balustrade with waisted Italianate balusters on the terrazzo porch; the entry steps are bowed outward. Some ornamental glass work remains visible on the west side, being small paned in lead insets with neoclassical patterning. The south bay of the west frontage has a triple window with a bracketed concrete planter box at its sills. The north bay is a five-light curved bay with a bracketed ‘flat’ canopy and a brick apron. The west elevation has a three-course relieving band of clinker brick offsetting the otherwise plain red face brick frontage, carried as a dado up to almost window-head height. A stuccoed frieze separates this from the boxed eaves, which are slat-boxed under the main roof and solid-panelled under the front gable.

The north and south elevations have similar red face brick and stuccoed frieze treatment, with box- frame windows. A nook porthole to the side of the north chimney is corbelled out on several brick courses. The east (rear) side is similarly clad in face brick, with a wide lean-to enclosed verandah, entered by two doors. The brick garage with its scroll parapet and gable (revealing a Dutch influence) two-leaf doors, and similarly tiled roof, may even be original or at least early; the front path paving also appears to be of long standing. The fence is original, with red face brick piers, with their caps and lower parapets all clad in cement render and wrought iron panels in the sections between. There is also a wrought iron main gate, diagonally placed and a side gate with the integral metal outline name ‘BONHAVEN’ with the ‘N’s set round the wrong way.

The property appears to be in sound condition. At the time of the inspection, the house was not occupied, and the main front windows were temporarily clad in protective crimped steel sheet. The beam to the original lych gate, with name and house number attached (see 1990s picture, page 1), has been removed. The side fence to View Street has been renewed in crimped galvanized steel on a steel framing with concrete footings.

Comparative Analysis Bonhaven, of 1932-34, compares with a number of substantial houses built in regional Victoria during the later interwar period. These include noted development found in Sturt Street, Ballarat, south of Lake Wendouree; on the Upper Esplanade in Geelong; and selectively also in Bendigo. Locally, the house compares with another large early 1930s example, the Jefferey House at the corner of High Street and Lockwood Road,3 but this has been supplanted by a video shop and a set of offices. Stylistically the subject house is an eclectic mix, displaying Arts and Crafts influences, including a

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 mixture of Bungalow and Spanish Mission elements. The Spanish Mission shows especially in the three porch arches, and the Arts and Crafts in the curved bay. The Bungalow components show in the roof form, the jerkin-headed gable above the porch, and the low, spreading proportions. Combinations of Bungalow forms were still fairly common in Victoria after the Depression had reached its peak, and architects were producing Bungalow genre designs up to World War II. The survival of the brick fence, including the intact wrought iron panels and gates and the curbed paving and driveway are of note and again are characteristic of this period.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Bonhaven at 181 High Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1932-34) is of historical significance as a substantial property built by local butcher and horse owner and trainer, William Sparks Petherick. The property, one of few substantial residential buildings to be built locally during the 1930s Depression, is believed to have been funded by the winnings of Petherick’s champion trotter Glideaway. The Mediterranean-style of the dwelling, again unusual in the local context, was also much admired after its construction.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Bonhaven, a brick and stucco Mediterranean-style interwar villa of a relatively high level of external intactness, is of aesthetic/architectural significance. Stylistically the subject house is an eclectic mix, displaying Arts and Crafts influences including a mixture of Bungalow and Spanish Mission elements. The Spanish Mission is especially evident in the projecting arcaded porch with its three porch arches, stucco tympanum, clinker brick central decorations, and moulded roundels. The Arts and Crafts is seen in the curved bay. While the Bungalow components show in the roof form, jerkin-headed gable above the porch and the low, spreading proportions. The survival of the brick fence, including the intact wrought iron panels and gates and the curbed paving, driveway and garage, is also of note. The setting of the property in a generous landscaped garden complements the architectural style and enhances the aesthetic significance.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period. N/A

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Bonhaven at 181 High Street, Kangaroo Flat was built in 1932-34 by local butcher and small goods manufacturer, William Sparks Petherick. It is a single-storey, brick and stucco Mediterranean style interwar villa which reveals Arts and Crafts influences including Bungalow and Spanish Mission elements. The dwelling has hipped and gabled roof forms clad with terracotta tiles in the Marseilles pattern, with brick chimneys; and a projecting gabled and arcaded porch comprising one large central arch and two smaller flanking arches on columns with a concrete balustrade. The elevations have red face brick and stuccoed frieze treatment, and a variety of window forms including box-frame windows with concrete planter boxes to sills and a curved bay window. Other elements of significance include the brick fence with its intact wrought iron panels and gates; and the curbed paving, driveway and garage. The dwelling faces west and is set in a generous landscaped garden on a large corner allotment south of Kangaroo Flat’s main retail strip.

How is it significant?

Bonhaven at 181 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Bonhaven at 181 High Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1932-34) is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance. It is historically significant (Criterion A) as a substantial property built by local butcher and horse owner and trainer, William Sparks Petherick. The property, one of few buildings of note to be built locally during the 1930s Depression, is believed to have been funded by the winnings of Petherick’s champion trotter Glideaway. The Mediterranean-style of the dwelling was also much admired after its construction. Bonhaven, a brick and stucco Mediterranean-style interwar villa of a relatively high level of external intactness, is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E). The property is an eclectic mix, displaying Arts and Crafts influences including a mixture of Bungalow and Spanish Mission elements. The Spanish Mission is especially evident in the projecting arcaded porch with its three porch arches, stucco tympanum, clinker brick central decorations, and moulded roundels. The Arts and Crafts is seen in the curved bay. While the Bungalow components show in the roof form, jerkin-headed gable above the porch, and the low, spreading proportions. The survival of the brick fence, including the intact wrought iron panels and gates, and the curbed paving, driveway and garage, is also of note. The setting of the property in a generous landscaped garden complements the architectural style, and enhances the aesthetic significance.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, with the focus of significance on the interwar dwelling, and the complementary original fence, curbed paving and driveway, garage and garden setting.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions Yes

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 The history derives from ‘The Old Butcher’s Shop,’ included in David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 101. 2 Wesley Hammill and Dorothy Wild, Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, Photographic History Publications, Bendigo, 1994, v. 1, unpaginated. 3 Wesley Hammill and Dorothy Wild, Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, Photographic History Publications, Bendigo, 1994, v. 1, unpaginated.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Millewa Hall Reference in 1998 KF12 Marong Study

Address 214 High Street (north-west Map reference VicRoads 613 L4 corner of Wesley Street), Kangaroo Flat

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1872 Recommendation Include in the Schedule to construction the Heritage Overlay

Significance Millewa Hall is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Millewa Hall front (east) elevation, c. early 1990s (Source: Ruth Hopkins, Looking Back, Moving Forward, 1985, p. 38). Right: The east and south elevations of Millewa Hall.

Left: South elevation. Right: The former coach house/stables.

Left: Aerial view, 2010. Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown as KF12.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Millewa Hall1 was built in 1872 for Irishman, James Moore, brother of the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Mandurang, Thompson Moore.2 James himself was President of the Bendigo Liberal Association in the early1870s.3 In partnership with his brother and John Capper, James Moore traded as Moore Bros and Co. The partners had a store in Kangaroo Flat, later expanding to the Beehive Building in Pall Mall, Bendigo, and subsequently also to the Lyceum Store Co. Ltd in Pall Mall.4 Millewa Hall was built in 1872 and was designed by noted local architectural practice Vahland and Getzschmann. It was described by James Moore as ‘a bit of a place,’ being a 13-room dwelling set in a 2 ha (5-acre) site at the southern entrance to Kangaroo Flat.5 The property originally extended to the Bendigo Creek, to the west. James Moore died in 1881, when he was struck by a train on his way to the station at Kangaroo Flat.6 Millewa Hall is presently a private residence, having previously been adapted as a nursing home and accommodation for the aged.7

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  6.5: Living in country towns

Description & Integrity Millewa Hall is a substantial single-storey stuccoed Italianate villa on a rectilinear plan, in a large corner allotment, with generous setbacks to the main building frontage/address to High Street in Kangaroo Flat (east side) and Wesley Street (south side). The house has hipped roof forms clad in slate tiles with galvanised steel ridge capping. Behind the main north-south transverse hip are two trailing hips with a central valley joint. There are four chimneys, set inside each trailing ridge, but each offset from the other. Each chimney has its original cornice and stacks with recessed panels, set on square bases with plain surfacing and chamfered tops. The facade (east elevation to High Street) has a set of brackets under its front eave, and a symmetrical frontage, comprising a central door with sidelights and a three-paned fanlight, and two canted bays with double-hung sash windows. The verandah shown in the early 1990s image has been removed, and in its place is a terrace with a central porch with chamfered corners and smooth fascia framing the entrance, approached via a flight of curved steps with an undulating balustrade. These splay outwards into the garden and begin at the terrace floor, swelling to balustrade height by the first steps and continuing down into two piers surmounted by urns. The recent porch is supported on modern columns. The canted bay windows have a pilastrated treatment; the corners of the facade have a quoining treatment. The side windows have moulded surrounds with bracketed sills, each being a timber-framed double-hung sash.

There are a number of rear additions to the west side of the original 1870s building, including a parapet-fronted monopitch roofed wing with rendered walling and a rounded porch and lattice gable added in turn to that, probably in the 1980s. There is another outbuilding and large tank to the immediate south-west of the house, again probably later, and several more outlying structures including two rectangular buildings. The former coach house/stables, abutting Wesley Street to the south, have been converted to residential accommodation. This building has parapeted gables at its east and west ends, a rendered concrete wall divided into two with piers, with a shallow battered base plate. The building also has a lean-to addition with a monopitch roof in corrugated galvanised steel and overpainted face brick walling.

The house has spacious grounds originally dominated by two large Moreton Bay figs either side of the pathway addressing High Street. One of the Moreton Bay figs survives. A gazebo with faceted conical roof is located near the south-east corner of the garden.

Comparative Analysis Millewa Hall is an 1870s symmetrically fronted Italianate villa. The large scale of the sashes in each of the canted bays to the facade is unusual, even when compared with Melbourne or Geelong examples. Outside the Bendigo area, Victoria’s mid-nineteenth century canted bays tended to have their windows treated as openings in an otherwise continuous masonry bay wall. However, the Millewa Hall bay window treatment recurs at Hope Park (KF16) and Myrnong (KF17) in Kangaroo Flat, although the Myrnong bays are very lightly scaled and the window frames are not made to serve as pilasters, as

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 they do here and at Hope Park. In the context of the work of architects Vahland and Getzchmann, Millewa Hall compares with the Colbinabbin and Stanhope homesteads of 1867. The mature garden also compares with that at Park View in Marong (M7), especially in being dominated by voluminous Moreton Bay figs and in its linkage to the main garden area by a direct pathway axis running to the front door.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Millewa Hall (built 1872) at 214 High Street, Kangaroo Flat, is historically significant as a substantial mid-Victorian property at Kangaroo Flat. It was commissioned by James Moore, a successful businessman, local politician and prominent member of the local community. The property was also designed by the leading Bendigo architectural practice Vahland and Getzchmann, and is a significant example of their residential work.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Millewa Hall is of aesthetic/architectural significance as a large and prominent 1870s Italianate villa, which retains a comparatively high degree of external intactness, and is set in a generous landscaped garden at the southern entrance to Kangaroo Flat. The east elevation in particular is boldly expressed, with the canted bays and, albeit altered entrance arrangement with central porch and flight of curved steps with undulating balustrade. Elements of note include the symmetrical presentation, and the canted bays to the east facade with large scale window sashes to each of the bays. The presentation of the property is enhanced by its spacious landscaped garden, dominated by the mature Moreton Bay fig tree in the setback to High Street. The survival of the former coach house/stables, with the parapeted gable ends, is also of note. Millewa Hall is additionally an example of the work of prominent Bendigo architects Vahland and Getzchmann.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period. N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Millewa Hall is significant for its association with the leading Bendigo architectural practice Vahland and Getzchmann. It is an example of their residential work in an oeuvre which included many important public, civic and commercial buildings in the municipality. The property is also significant for its association with the original owner, James Moore, who was a successful businessman, local politician and prominent member of the local community.

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Millewa Hall at 214 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is a substantial single-storey, symmetrically fronted, stuccoed Italianate villa constructed in 1872. The building is set in a landscaped garden at the southern entrance to Kangaroo Flat, with generous setbacks to the main building frontage to High Street and also to Wesley Street. The significant components of the property include the 1870s building, the coach house/stables, and the landscaped garden including the mature Moreton Bay fig and the setbacks to High and Wesley streets.

How is it significant?

Millewa Hall (built 1872) at 214 High Street, Kangaroo Flat is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Millewa Hall (built 1872) is historically significant (Criterion A) as a substantial mid-Victorian property at Kangaroo Flat. It is also significant for its association (Criterion H) with the original owner, James Moore, a successful businessman, local politician and prominent member of the local community; and for its association with the leading Bendigo architectural practice Vahland and Getzchmann, being a significant example of their residential work. The practice was responsible for many important public, civic and commercial buildings in the municipality. Millewa Hall is additionally of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E) as a large and prominent 1870s Italianate villa, which retains a comparatively high degree of external intactness, and is set in a generous landscaped garden at the southern entrance to Kangaroo Flat. The east elevation in particular is boldly expressed, with the canted bays and, albeit altered entrance arrangement with central porch and flight of curved steps with undulating balustrade. Elements of note include the symmetrical presentation, and the canted bays to the east facade with large scale window sashes to each of the bays. The presentation of the property is enhanced by its spacious landscaped garden, dominated by the significant mature Moreton Bay fig tree in the setback to High Street. The survival of the former coach house/stables, with the parapeted gable ends, is also of note.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is illustrated in the above map, with the focus of significance on the 1870s building, the coach house/stables, and the landscaped garden including the mature Moreton Bay fig and the setbacks to High and Wesley streets.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls Yes

Outbuildings and fences exemptions Yes

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 The property is also slso spelt Milawa Hall, see Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 138. 2 Kathleen Thomson and Geoffrey Serle, A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament 1859-1900, www.parliament.vic.gov.au/re-member 3 Ruth Hopkins, Moving Forward, Looking Back: The History of The Marong Shire, Shire of Marong, 1985, pp. 37-38. 4 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 138. 5 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 138. 6 Ruth Hopkins, Moving Forward, Looking Back: The History of The Marong Shire, Shire of Marong, 1985, p. 37. 7 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 139.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Returned Soldiers League Hall Reference in 1998 KF14 (former Rechabites Hall) Marong Study

Address 15a Station Street, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Flat

Building type Public hall Survey date June 2010

Date of 1890 Recommendation Not recommended for construction the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The Returned Soldiers League Hall is not of local heritage significance, and is not recommended for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

Left: South (front) elevation, viewed from the west, 1995 (Source: National Library of Australia). Right: South elevation, viewed from the east. 2010.

Left: South and east elevations. Right: East elevation viewed from High Street.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

Intactness Good  Fair Poor 1

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Existing HV AHC NT Heritage Status

History This hall was built in 1890 as the premises of the Independent Order of Rechabites (IOR). The IOR promoted abstinence from alcohol during the late-nineteenth century heyday of the temperance movement. By 1907-08, the building was referred as the Temperance Hall.1 There have been many subsequent uses and occupants, including scouting groups, the YMCA and the Red Cross. The Returned Soldiers League (RSL) Hall acquired the building in 1953 and has met there since.2 An infant welfare centre operated from the building in the period1953 to 1959. The RSL subsequently extended the building, with a kitchen, meeting room and billiard room3 and made it available as a pre- school centre from 1959-61.4

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  8.2: Educating people  8.3: Providing health and welfare services  8.4: Forming community organisations  9.5: Advancing knowledge

Description & Integrity The Returned Soldiers League Hall at 15a Station Street, facing south along Dunlop Lane, is a small, bichromatic structure designed in the Classical Revival style. It has a moulded cornice in cream and red face brick and a cream brick lunette arch over the centrally located double front doors. This has an inset keystone with ‘Erected A.D. 1890’ incised in its face. On alignment with the top of the doors are two courses of cream brick bracketing a course of marginally darker red-brown brick headers. The metal awning over the front doors is modern (compare the photographs on p. 1). The pediment and its curving cornice appear to be a later if long-standing addition, being completed in a deep red face brick substantially different from the main brick frontage. The RSL signage is modern (post-1995). The side walls to the east and west have two high-mounted two-light windows with segmental soffits. The east wall has a two-leafed side door and cement-rendered lintel. The west wall has an attached chimney, battered outward to a square chimney-breast; the stack has a corbelled brick top.

The building has a large addition towards the rear (built 1959), with a hipped roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel, smooth boxed eaves and unusual large diamond-patterned window framing. The addition has an awkward relationship with the earlier hall building and clearly breaks into the rectilinear footprint of the original structure. Cooling plant over the hall and the ball vent fixed to the top of the chimney are recent additions. The building appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis This is one of many small, symmetrically fronted red brick halls found in regional Victoria and the goldfields in particular, with bichrome relief. It is also an unexceptional example. The Colonial Customs House at Wahgunyah (1886) generally compares in composition and proportions.5 The cream-brick entry arch is of interest, sustaining an arch detail seen in central Victorian court house and postal buildings from the 1860s and enjoying a revival in Victorian railway architecture at this time (see South Melbourne and Serviceton railway stations, 1885-90).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

The Returned Soldiers League Hall at 15 Station Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1890) is of historical interest. The building was constructed as the premises of the Independent Order of Rechabites (IOR), and provides evidence of the IOR’s activities on the goldfields, including their promotion of abstinence from alcohol during the heyday of the temperance movement. The hall has also been the premises of the RSL since 1953, and served as a public resource, being used as premises for the scouts, YMCA, Red Cross and as a pre-school centre.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

The RSL Hall at 15a Station Street shares some of the characteristics of many small halls found in regional Victoria, and the goldfields in particular, including its modest scale, symmetrical frontage, and (originally) simple plan. It is however an undistinguished and altered example of the type.

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The RSL Hall at 15a Station Street is of limited aesthetic/architectural value. While it is an historic (1890s) building in the Classical Revival style, which utilises bichrome brick, it is an unexceptional example of the style. It is also a modest and altered building, with a modified frontage - the pediment with its curving cornice appears to be a later albeit long-standing addition. It also has a prominent, and ill-fitting, large 1959 addition towards the rear, which visibly breaks with the rectilinear plan of the original building.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance The Returned Soldiers League Hall at 15 Station Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1890) is of historical interest and limited aesthetic/architectural value. The building was constructed as the premises of the Independent Order of Rechabites (IOR) and provides evidence of the IOR’s activities on the goldfields, including their promotion of abstinence from alcohol during the heyday of the temperance movement. The hall has also been the premises of the RSL since 1953, and served as a public resource, being used as premises for the scouts, YMCA, Red Cross and as a pre-school centre. The RSL Hall is of limited aesthetic/architectural value. While it is an historic (1890s) building in the Classical Revival style, which utilises bichrome brick, it is an unexceptional example of the style. It is also a modest 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 and altered building, with a modified frontage - the pediment with its curving cornice appears to be a later albeit long-standing addition. It additionally has a prominent, and ill-fitting, large 1959 addition towards the rear, which visibly breaks with the rectilinear plan of the original building. While the hall shares some characteristics with many small halls in regional Victoria, including its modest scale, symmetrical frontage, and (originally) simple plan, it is an undistinguished example of the type.

Recommendations The property is not recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. While the property has some historical and aesthetic interest, the building is a modest and altered hall and of no distinction in the context of late nineteenth century brick halls on the gold fields.

External Paint Colours

Internal Alterations Controls

Tree Controls

Outbuildings and fences exemptions

Victorian Heritage Register

Prohibited uses may be permitted

Incorporated plan

Aboriginal heritage place

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References David Horsfall, Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Sands and McDougall, Bendigo, Suburban, and District Directory for 1907-08, cited in ‘RSL,’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 2 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 162. 3 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 162. 4 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 124. 5 The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981, p. 3/181, item 12.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Hope Park Reference in 1998 KF16 Marong Study

Address 12 Weir Court, Kangaroo Flat Map reference VicRoads 607 L12 Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010

Date of 1867 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Hope Park is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Hope Park, undated (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, private publication, Kangaroo Flat, 1994, volume 1, not paginated.) Right: East elevation.

Left: North and east elevations. Right: Hope Park (centre) viewed from Alder Road to the north.

Left: Aerial view, 2010, with the historic property circled. Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay, with the subject property shown as KF16.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Hope Park is located in the north-west of Kangaroo Flat, close to the Golden Square boundary. The picturesque stone property was built in 1867 by Scottish architect David Weir, who also designed the building. The stone was quarried on site.1 Weir had two acres of vines planted on the grounds by 1872.2 In 1907 Jack Giudice purchased the property and established a dairy farm and trotting stud there, and Hope Park remained in the Giudice family for nearly 90 years. The Giudice family was also associated with Bendigo's Plaza Picture Theatre.3 In recent years the grounds (landholding) to the north, east and south of Hope Park have been subdivided and developed for residential purposes.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  4.1: Living off the land  4.3: Grazing and raising livestock  4.4: Farming  6.8: Living on the fringes

Description & Integrity Hope Park, set in a deep allotment oriented east-west, comprises an original L-shaped stone house setback from the road (Weir Court), with rear additions, outbuildings and mature trees. The house addresses the east.

The L-shaped stone house has a steeply pitched roof clad in Marseilles-pattern tiling and ridge capping, with prominent gables on its front (east) and side (north) elevations, each with a timber soffit and exposed purlins. The roof has two ridges at right angles, the transverse ridge running across the longitudinal ridge to form a large dormer gable on the south side. Chimneys are located over the windows at the extremities of the two ridges. The rear rooms are under a broad mono-pitch roof that slopes back from the main gable group; this may have a membrane cladding, and it has new vents. The front wing has a timber-framed canted bay with half pyramidal tiled roof over and an apron sill, in the east gable and a diagonally angled central entry porch. The north bay is also gabled, with elongated double hung timber sash windows with stone sills, under two unusual pent drip courses of inset stone slabs.

The walls of the dwelling are reputedly 750mm thick,4 in gallet stonework (where large stone blocks are infilled with chip and spall), with some quoin definition at the front wing corners. The gable bargeboards are simple planks, and the random coursed wing chimney, set directly above the canted bay, has rubble stone necking and a roughly bracketed cornice. The house has a square plan terrace filling in its basic L-shape, with an angled entry step. This terrace is built up with a stone wall laid in a random (irregular) pattern. The north gabled wing is coupled to another canted timber bay and a stone-walled rear wing. Modifications to the property include the roof tile cladding, which replaced the original shingle, possibly in the early twentieth century. The shingle-fronted entry porch may be later, and its waisted, arrow-headed finial is unusual. There is a later screen door. The various out buildings are of weatherboard or of corrugated galvanised steel cladding, painted, and the shed and monopitch roofs are all clad in corrugated galvanised steel, mostly painted. The grounds, although significantly reduced and developed, feature a number of plantings including two cypress pines and two tall palms located to the north-east and south-west sides of the dwelling respectively. The property is enclosed by a modern wire mesh fence.

Comparative Analysis The term cottage orné, characterised by free treatment of medieval forms and loosely picturesque or rustic Gothic motifs, had currency from c.1795.5 The genre appeared in Australia in the 1830s, as with Lindsay at Darling Point, New South Wales (1834), and Major Thomas Mitchell’s Carthona in the same suburb (1839-41).6 Homesteads such as Banyule (1842-6) and Overnewton (1849-59) in Victoria; and Melbourne suburban houses such as Invergowrie (1846-1869) and The Hawthorns (1846-47), all consolidated the genre in Victoria. As the names suggest these picturesque houses were often to evoke Scottishness, a pattern maintained by Scottish architect David Weir at Hope Park. Generally the cottage orné was L-shaped in plan, with steep-pitched roofs, conspicuous gabling and

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 bargeboards, stone or masonry drip-mouldings, prominent or imposing chimneys, and canted bay windows in the projecting wings, as here. These dwellings generally addressed their sites diagonally rather than frontally, and wall materials were usually left exposed rather than rendered, all as here. The lightly framed bay is another example of this detail locally: timber canted bays, or bays developed around expanded mullions, recurred in other Kangaroo Flat houses such as Millewa Hall (1872) and earlier as in Myrnong (1857-58).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Hope Park (built 1867) at 12 Weir Court, Kangaroo Flat is of historical significance. The picturesque stone property, constructed of stone quarried on site, was designed and built by Scottish architect David Weir. Hope Park is also an early agricultural property in the north-west of Kangaroo Flat and significant as one of the few surviving properties dating to the early years of settlement in this area of the expanding suburb. The property was associated with the local Guidice family for some 90 years.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Hope Park, in the cottage orné-style, is an unusual dwelling in the Marong and broader municipal context. It retains many of the distinctive characteristics of the style including an L-shaped plan, steeply pitched roofs, gabling and bargeboards, prominent chimneys, canted bay windows in projecting wings, and a diagonal presentation to the site.

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Hope Park is of aesthetic/architectural significance. The property demonstrates many of the key characteristics of the cottage orné-style, including an L-shaped plan, steeply pitched roofs, conspicuous gabling and bargeboards, stone or masonry drip-mouldings, prominent chimneys, canted bay windows in the projecting wings, and addressing the site diagonally rather than frontally. The picturesque cottage orné-style, introduced in Australia from the 1830s, was generally associated with settlers of Scottish descent, as occurred here. The property is additionally prominent in its immediate context, with the high gabled wings making it one of the taller buildings in the surrounding modern suburban development, and visible in views from the roads to the north and west. The mature cypress pines and palm trees also have a high degree of visibility and enhance the presentation of the property.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Hope Park (built 1867), at 12 Weir Court, Kangaroo Flat, was built in 1867 for Scottish architect David Weir. The dwelling is set in a deep allotment and comprises an original L-shaped stone house setback from the road (Weir Court). The house has a steeply pitched roof clad in Marseilles-pattern tiling with ridge capping, prominent gables to its east and north elevations, a timber-framed canted bay window with a half pyramidal tiled roof over in the east gable, and a diagonally angled central entry porch. The north gabled wing is coupled to another canted timber bay and a non-original stone-walled rear wing. The house also has a square plan terrace filling in its basic L-shape, with an angled entry step; the terrace is built up with a stone wall laid in a random pattern. The grounds, although significantly reduced and developed, feature a number of plantings including two cypress pines and two tall palms located to the north-east and south-west sides of the dwelling respectively.

How is it significant?

Hope Park (built 1867), at 12 Weir Court, Kangaroo Flat, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The picturesque dwelling Hope Park, constructed in 1867 of stone quarried on site and designed and built by Scottish architect David Weir, is historically important (Criterion A). It is an early agricultural property in the north-west of Kangaroo Flat, and significant as one of the few surviving properties dating to the early years of settlement in this area of the expanding suburb. The property was associated with the local Guidice family for some 90 years. Hope Park, in the cottage orné-style, is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E) and an unusual style of dwelling in the Marong and broader municipal context (Criterion B). The picturesque cottage orné-style, introduced in Australia from the 1830s, was generally associated with settlers of Scottish descent, as occurred here. The property demonstrates many of the key characteristics of the cottage orné-style, including an L- shaped plan, steeply pitched roofs, conspicuous gabling and bargeboards, stone or masonry drip- mouldings, prominent chimneys, canted bay windows in the projecting wings, and addressing the site diagonally rather than frontally. The property is additionally prominent in its immediate context, with the high gabled wings making it one of the taller buildings in the surrounding modern suburban development, and visible in views from the roads to the north and west. The mature cypress pines and palm trees, on the north-east and south-west sides of the dwelling respectively, also have a high degree of visibility and enhance the presentation of the property.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The Overlay extent is indicated in the above map, although the focus of significance is on the original stone house, its setback from Weir Court, and the area/setting enclosed by the modern wire mesh fence (the fence is not significant) which includes cypress pines and two tall palms in the immediate curtilage to the building. The non-original rear wing is not a significant element.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls Yes

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed). Kangaroo Flat, A History: Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, ‘Back To’ Committee, Bendigo, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History: Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, ‘Back To’ Committee, Bendigo, 1993, p. 89. 2 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 141. 3 ‘Hope Park,’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 4 Noted by Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 141. 5 James Stevens Curl, Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Oxford, 2006, p. 206. 6 See Joan Kerr and James Broadbent, Gothick Taste in the Colony of New South Wales, Ell, Sydney, 1980, esp. Chs. 5, 6; The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981, pp. 3/3, item 1 (Banyule); 3/35 item 9 (Overnewton). Philip Goad and others, Melbourne Architecture, Watermark, Sydney, 2009, pp. 19 item 10 (Banyule), 19 item 13 (The Hawthorns), 20 item 16 (Invergowrie).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Myrnong Reference in 1998 KF17 Marong Study

Address 2 Myrnong Court, Map reference VicRoads 613 M4 Kangaroo Flat

Building type Private residence Survey Date June 2010

Date of 1857-58 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Myrnong is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

West elevation of Myrnong.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map. Myrnong is indicated as KF17.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Myrnong was built by Englishman, John Cappy, in 1857-58.1 Cappy was associated with deep lead mining and believed that a reef ran through his property. However, he refused to allow mining on his land. As a result Myrnong does not appear on mining maps.2 In 1872, Myrnong was described in the Bendigo Advertiser as an, ‘English gentleman’s home,’ with privet hedges and a trellis covered in the grape vines. The property at that time covered an area of 2.6 ha (6.5 acres), and the house had 10 or 12 rooms. The property was presumably used as a horse stud (?), as in 1872 it had 14 stables with space for 28 horses, living quarters for the stable hands, and a blacksmith’s area.3 The coach house was demolished in about 1980.4 The driveway to the house was originally from the north. However, the early configuration of the property has been completely obscured by subdivision. Myrnong is now located at the end of a cul-de-sac on a suburban allotment.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  6.5: Living in country towns

Description & Integrity Myrnong is a symmetrical single-storey, hipped and gabled, early Gothic-influenced house with its front elevation facing west. The original face brick external walls have been overpainted. The roof forms, which are clad in corrugated galvanised steel, comprise a transverse ridge over the linking central section of the building, and gables over the projecting flanking (north and south) wings. There is a cast concrete cornice to the parapets and a reconstructed timber posted verandah to the central building section. Two large brick chimneys are visible from the street (Myrnong Court), with proportionally broad bases and plain uncorniced stacks. The front door is offset to the north end of the verandah. The flanking wings have canted window bays with light timber frames and large-scaled sashes. The front yard has been reorganised since the 1990s and a paved driveway leads past the house on its south side, diagonally to its right. A swimming pool has been installed to the rear, and a large asphalted apron leading to a large outbuilding in on the south side of the house. This outbuilding is roofed in corrugated galvanised steel. The rear of the house has a verandah roofed in corrugated galvanised steel with three polycarbonate light sheeting, and a square, flat roofed wing, apparently recent, runs off the south wing toward the swimming pool. Two skylights have been added to the south wing. There is a further shed on the property’s south-west side and a circular formal garden immediately south of the driveway. The property appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis As a building dating to the 1850s, Myrnong’s only Kangaroo Flat equivalent is Tweedside at 39 Crusoe Road (c. 1856). Dwellings dating to the 1850s in the City of Greater Bendigo include Dudley House at 60 View Street, Bendigo (1858); Specimen Cottage at 178-180 Hargreaves Street, Bendigo (1856); and Myrnong (1857-58). All are among the oldest surviving dwellings on the Bendigo goldfields. With regard to aesthetic presentation, Myrnong is an early local example in the picturesque genre, albeit with loosely Gothic details. The gable detailing includes an emphatic gable moulding with unusual turned-down gable-shoulders and a large a drip-moulding. Other common elements of the genre include exposed brickwork, albeit this has been overpainted at Myrnong; conspicuous chimneys; a steep pitch to roofs, and canted bays. These are also typical of Colonial picturesque architecture and its usual domestic variant, the cottage orné5 and had been well-tried in earlier and more thoroughgoing examples such as Lindsay and Carthona in the Sydney suburbs (1834-1844); and in Melbourne at The Hawthorns (1846-7), Invergowrie (1846-69), Banyule (1846) and Overnewton (1849).6 In this company Myrnong is an interesting although rather tentative example, with limited Gothic details and moderately pitched roofing. The lightly framed window bay is also another example of this detail locally: timber canted bays, or bays developed around expanded mullions, recurred in other Kangaroo Flat houses including later examples such as Hope Park (1867) and Millewa Hall (1872).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Myrnong, at 2 Myrnong Court, Kangaroo Flat, is of historical significance. It was built in 1857-58 for Englishman John Cappy, who was associated with deep lead mining. By the 1870s, Mynong was a substantial ‘gentleman’s residence,’ with extensive stabling and horse facilities. At that time the property was also located in a generous landscaped setting, although the early configuration of the property, and the scale of the grounds, has been obscured and reduced through subdivision. Myrnong is also one of the oldest residential buildings in Kangaroo Flat and one of the few remaining 1850s dwellings on the Bendigo goldfield.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Myrnong, as a building dating to the 1850s, is one of the few dwellings of this period in Kangaroo Flat and in the City of Greater Bendigo generally, and a rare example of a property dating to the 1850s which was built on the fringes of Bendigo. It is also among the oldest surviving dwellings on the Bendigo goldfields.

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Myrnong is of aesthetic/architectural significance. The 1850s dwelling is an early local example in the picturesque Gothic genre, albeit simply detailed but with prominent gabling and canted window bays. Its symmetrical façade, with the tranverse roofed central section and flanking gabled wings, is evocative of the mid-Victorian period. Other elements of note include the large brick chimneys and the light timber frames and large-scaled sashes to the canted window bays. The dwelling is also substantially externally intact, albeit overpainted (i.e. not retaining its original face brick presentation).

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Myrnong, at 2 Myrnong Court, Kangaroo Flat, was built in 1857-58 for Englishman John Cappy, who was associated with deep lead mining. Myrnong, set in a generous allotment, is a symmetrical single- storey, hipped and gabled, early Gothic-influenced house with its front elevation facing west. The original face brick external walls have been overpainted. The roof forms, clad in corrugated galvanised steel, comprise a transverse ridge over the linking central section of the building, and gables over the projecting flanking wings. There is a cast concrete cornice to the parapets and a reconstructed timber posted verandah to the central building section. The flanking wings have canted window bays with light timber frames and large-scaled sashes.

How is it significant?

Myrnong, at 2 Myrnong Court, Kangaroo Flat, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Myrnong is historically significant (Criterion A) as a dwelling built in 1857-58 for Englishman John Cappy, who was associated with deep lead mining. By the 1870s, Mynong was a substantial ‘gentleman’s residence,’ with extensive stabling and horse facilities. At that time the property was located in a generous landscaped setting, although the early configuration of the property, and the scale of the grounds, has been obscured and reduced through subdivision. Myrnong as a building dating to the 1850s, is also one of the few dwellings of this period in Kangaroo Flat and in the City of Greater Bendigo generally, and a rare example of a property dating to the 1850s which was built on the fringes of Bendigo. It is also among the oldest surviving dwellings on the Bendigo goldfields (Criterion B). Myrnong is additionally of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E), as an early local example in the picturesque Gothic genre, albeit simply detailed but with prominent gabling and canted window bays. Its symmetrical façade, with the tranverse roofed central section, and flanking gabled wings, is evocative of the mid-Victorian period. Other elements of note include the large brick chimneys and the light timber frames and large-scaled sashes to the canted window bays. The dwelling is also substantially externally intact, albeit overpainted.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, with the focus of significance on the 1850s building and its presentation to Myrnong Court. In preference, the external paintwork should be removed and the original facebrick presentation of the building returned. The advice of a heritage practitioner should be sought prior to undertaking such works.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 The surname is also given as ‘Capper,’ by Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), 1987, p. 141. 2 Cited by David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 87. 3 Cited by David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 86, and Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Victoria), 1987, p. 141. 4 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 86 5 James Stevens Curl, Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Oxford, 2006, p. 206. Jane Austen notes the cottage ornee as a usual form in her incomplete manuscript Sanditon (1817). 6 See Joan Kerr and James Broadbent, Gothick Taste in the Colony of New South Wales, Ell, Sydney, 1980, esp. Chs. 5, 6; The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1981, pp. 3/3, item 1 (Banyule); 3/35 item 9 (Overnewton). Philip Goad and others, Melbourne Architecture, Watermark, Sydney, 2009, pp. 19 item 10 (Banyule), 19 item 13 (The Hawthorns), 20 item 16 (Invergowrie).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Dunedin House (formerly Hillside) Reference in 1998 KF18 Marong Study

Address 25 Morrison Street, Kangaroo Flat Map reference VicRoads 612 K4 (front entrance on Dudley Street)

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1873 Recommendation Include in the construction Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Dunedin House is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Front (north) elevation, c. early 1990s (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, 1994, v. 1). Right: North elevation and front garden, 2010.

Left: West elevation, viewed from Morrison Street. Right: South elevation.

Left: Aerial view 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject property shown as KF18.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Dunedin House (formerly known as Hillside) was built in 1873 for the barrister J A C Helm, who forewent a position at Cambridge University to travel to the colonies and became an expert on mining law. When established, the grounds of the property extended to Crusoe Road to the east.1 The architects were Moffat and Brady. Joseph M Brady was, at this period, supervising the completion of the nearby Crusoe waterworks and was therefore conveniently placed to oversee the construction of Helm's home. He was in partnership with the mining engineer Robert Moffat during the 1870s and ran a successful practice at this time, designing the former ‘Bendigo Independent’ offices in Williamson Street, central Bendigo and the former ‘Golden Eagle’ flour mill, also in Williamson Street. He undertook various residential and commercial commissions and is believed to have acted as the Sandhurst Diocesan architect for the Catholic Church, designing the former Bishop's Palace in McCrae Street as well as St Patrick’s Catholic Church in Marong.

Helm moved to Melbourne in 1889, where he died four years later. Subsequent owners of Dunedin House included Dr H L Atkinson, who named the property Hillside,2 and John and Alice McNair, who acquired the property in 1924, selling it to a Mr Hieneman in 1942.3 The name Dunedin House was re-established in the late twentieth century, when the building was in use as hostel accommodation for students from the Bendigo Regional Institute of TAFE.4 Works at the property since 2002 include alterations to the main house, the construction of a swimming pool and a new garage.5

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  6.5: Living in country towns

Description & Integrity Dunedin House is a substantial single-storey verandahed mid-Victorian Italianate villa sited on a large asymmetrical block on the east side of Morrison Street, between Dudley Street and Victoria Avenue, Kangaroo Flat. The main presentation of the property is to the north, to Dudley Street.

The massing of the building is in two broad parts. The eastern component has a U-shaped hipped roof and verandah anchored below the main roof eave on three sides, facing a new subdivision around Victoria Avenue. The western component is asymmetrical, with a main hipped roof and valleys coupled to a porch hip and two projecting side hips. There is also a pyramidal-roofed component at the house centre. The dwelling is built of bichrome red and cream face brick with stuccoed dressings, with vermiculated quoins and panels to the chimneys. The chimneys also use vermiculation in their stack and collar panels, above plain pedestals. Windows to the verandah elevations are timber- framed double hung sashes, with window sills overhung to receive sliding louvered shutters; while those to the western section have semi-circular cream window arches. The elevated entry is approached by a flight of granite steps with curved balustrades, entry piers and urns, all in moulded or rendered cement or stucco. The timber posted verandah has a timber frieze rail and cast iron lace frieze to the principal elevations and is terminated by the projecting wings.

The property includes remnants of an early garden layout, including mature trees and plantings and a vehicle turning circle accessed from the north (Dudley Street) entrance. A modern garage, clad in corrugated galvanised steel, is at the property’s south-west corner. A modern timber picket fence fronts the Dudley Street boundary. The vehicle entrance comes through a set of wrought iron gates which may or may not be original or early. The bluestone piers to the gates are not original, with more recent materials in the piers indicating they are of more contemporary origin.

Comparative Analysis As a large Italianate property of the nineteenth century, Dunedin House is generally characteristic of its period, as reflected in the lacework cast iron verandah frieze and hipped roofing plan. However, the use of stucco is more sparing than was customary in the 1870s domestic Italianate genre.6 Its exposed red brick and semi-circular cream window arches owe more to a similar combination in brick courthouses, railway stations and other government buildings appearing during the 1850s and early 1860s in a broadly Italianate manner.7 This carries over into Kangaroo Flat’s former Independent

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Order of Rechabites Hall on Station Street (KF14) and is seen in a number of earlier buildings in the region, such as Kangaroo Flat Railway Station (1863). These influences may have derived from the architects, Moffat and Brady’s varied experience and commissions, including ecclesiastical, residential, commercial and even industrial buildings. Significantly, the vertically-panelled chimney stacks and conspicuous quoins on Dunedin House are both seen in the latter railway station, although the treatment here of these elements is more detailed, with projecting vermiculated panels in each case.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Dunedin House (formerly known as Hillside), is historically significant as a substantial single-storey mid-Victorian Italianate villa built in 1873 at 25 Morrison Street, Kangaroo Flat. It was built for the barrister J A C Helm, an expert on mining law, and designed by architect Joseph M Brady, then in partnership with engineer Robert Moffat, and busy with several other local commissions. The current property is a remnant of a once more extensive landholding, whereby the grounds originally extended to Crusoe Road to the east.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Dunedin House is a rare example of a substantial property dating to the 1870s, which was built on the fringes of Bendigo.

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Dunedin House, built in 1873, is of aesthetic/architectural significance as a substantially externally intact, large Italianate bichromatic brick villa. The massing of the building is of interest, with two distinct components including the asymmetrical west end with a main hipped roof and valleys coupled to a porch hip and projecting side hips; this component also has finely detailed semi-circular cream window arches. The east component has a U-shaped hipped roof and extensive verandah to three sides, with more finely detailed work, including the cast iron lacework frieze. Other elements of note include the stuccoed dressings, with vermiculated quoins and panels to the chimneys and the elevated entry on the north elevation which is approached by a flight of granite steps with curved balustrades, entry piers and urns, all in moulded or rendered cement or stucco. The substantial landscaped garden, which retains much of its early layout, enhances the aesthetic significance. The scale and grandeur of the property also reflects the eminence of the man who commissioned it, English barrister J A C Helm.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

Dunedin House is significant for its association with its first owner, barrister J A C Helm, who commissioned the design and construction of the house. Helm forewent a position at Cambridge University to migrate to the colonies where he became an expert on mining law, and was for a time an important and influential member of the local community. The property is also associated with Bendigo architect Joseph M Brady who, in partnership with the mining engineer Robert Moffat, ran a successful practice in the Bendigo region. The architect was involved in a number of local developments including the Crusoe waterworks near Kangaroo Flat; the ‘Bendigo Independent’ offices in Bendigo; and the former ‘Golden Eagle’ flour mill in Bendigo. Brady also reputedly held the position of Sandhurst Diocesan architect for the Catholic Church, where he was involved in designing the former Bishop's Palace in McCrae Street and St Patrick’s Church in Marong.

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Dunedin House (formerly known as Hillside), at 25 Morrison Street was built in 1873 and is a substantial single-storey verandahed mid-Victorian Italianate villa sited on a large asymmetrical block on the east side of Morrison Street, between Dudley Street and Victoria Avenue, Kangaroo Flat. The main presentation of the property is to the north, to Dudley Street. The massing of the building is in two broad parts, with the eastern component having a U-shaped hipped roof and verandah to three sides. The western component is asymmetrical, with a main hipped roof and projecting side hips. There is also a pyramidal-roofed component at the house centre. The dwelling is built of bichrome red and cream face brick with stuccoed dressings, with vermiculated quoins and panels to the chimneys. Windows to the verandah elevations are timber-framed double hung sashes, while those to the western section have semi-circular cream window arches. The elevated entry is approached by a flight of granite steps with curved balustrades, entry piers and urns, all in moulded or rendered cement or stucco. The timber posted verandah has a timber frieze rail and cast iron lace frieze to the principal elevations and is terminated by the projecting wings. The property also includes remnants of an early garden layout, including mature trees and plantings and a vehicle turning circle accessed from the north (Dudley Street) entrance. The vehicle entrance comes through a set of wrought iron gates which may or may not be original or early (this has not been confirmed).

How is it significant?

Dunedin House is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Dunedin House is historically significant (Criterion A) as a local example of a substantially externally intact, large mid-Victorian Italianate bichromatic brick villa. The current property is a remnant of a once more extensive landholding, whereby the grounds originally extended to Crusoe Road to the east. It is also significant for its association with the first owner, barrister J A C Helm, who commissioned the design and construction of the house. Helm forewent a position at Cambridge University to migrate to the colonies where he became an expert on mining law, and was for a time an important and influential member of the local community (Criterion H). Dunedin House is also associated with architect Joseph M Brady, who in partnership with engineer Robert Moffat, ran a successful practice in the Bendigo region and was involved in a number of local developments including the Crusoe waterworks near Kangaroo Flat; the ‘Bendigo Independent’ offices in Bendigo; and the former ‘Golden Eagle’ flour mill in Bendigo. Brady also reputedly held the position of the Sandhurst Diocesan architect for the Catholic Church, where he was also involved in designing the former Bishop's Palace in McCrae Street and St Patrick’s Church in Marong.

Dunedin House is of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E). The massing of the building is of interest, with two distinct components including the asymmetrical west end with a main hipped roof 4

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 and valleys coupled to a porch hip and projecting side hips. This component also has finely detailed semi-circular cream window arches. The east component has a U-shaped hipped roof and extensive verandah to three sides, with more finely detailed work, including the cast iron lacework frieze. Other elements of note include the stuccoed dressings, with vermiculated quoins and panels to the chimneys and the elevated entry on the north elevation which is approached by a flight of granite steps with curved balustrades, entry piers and urns, all in moulded or rendered cement or stucco. The substantial landscaped garden, which retains much of its early layout, enhances the aesthetic significance. The scale and grandeur of the property also reflects the eminence of the man who commissioned it, English barrister J A C Helm. The property is additionally a rare example of a substantial property dating to the 1870s that was built on the fringes of Bendigo (Criterion B).

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, with the focus of significance on the substantial 1870s residence; its associated landscaped setting, including the vehicle turning circle; and the presentation of the property to Dudley Street. The bichrome brick walling and stucco should remain unpainted.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 142. 2 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 143. 3 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 199, p. 85. 4 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 142. 5 City of Greater Bendigo, Building and Planning Applications. 6 See James Stevens Curl, Encyclopedia of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Oxford, 2006, has entries on both Italianate and Italian Villa Style, both relevant to Australian experience, on p. 389. See also Richard Apperly and others, A Pictorial Guide to Identifying 5

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Australian Architecture, Angus and Robertson, 1994, ‘Victorian Italianate’ pp. 70-73.In Australia Italianate normally refers both to picturesque, asymmetrical detached house design and to urban and public emulations of the 15th and 16th century Italian palazzo. 7 Michael Challinger illustrates several related red-brick Italianate buildings in the region, immediately predating Dunedin House. See Historic Court Houses of Victoria, Pallisade, Melbourne, 2001, esp. Eaglehawk (1879), p.79; Inglewood (1868), p.102; Maldon (1861), p. 121, and Newstead (1865), p. 143.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Medical Centre (formerly Reference in 1998 KF19 known as Belmont) Marong Study

Address 68 High Street, at corner with Map reference Vicroads 613 M2 Lansell Street, Kangaroo Flat

Building type Medical centre (former private Survey date June 2010 (external residence) inspection only)

Date of Built from the early 1870s Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The medical centre is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: East elevation, addressing High Street, c. Early 1990s (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, 1994, v. 1). Right: East and north elevations, 2010.

Left: South wing. Right: Rear of the medical centre, with car park pictured right.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map. The subject site is shown as KF19.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Thomas Luxton (1850-1911) commissioned the construction of Belmont, a red brick dwelling, in the early-1870s. The property was located next to the former Devonshire Arms Hotel, of which Thomas’ father James Luxton had been licensee following the family’s arrival in the Bendigo district in the 1850s. Thomas Luxton worked at Kangaroo Flat grocery store before finding success as a mining speculator and subsequently helping to form the Bendigo Stock Exchange.1 He married Sarah Schooling of Kyneton in 1872. Their first son, Harold (later Sir Harold) was born at Belmont.2 During the 1870s, Thomas Luxton was an eminent member of the Kangaroo Flat community. He was on the Marong Shire Council from 1874 to 1877 and also served as a guardian of St Mary’s Church of England (demolished 2009, KF05).3 In the 1880s the family moved to Melbourne, where Thomas continued to prosper as a broker and investor and became Mayor of Prahran in 1894. In his later years Luxton became a prominent philanthropist. By the time of Luxton’s relocation to Melbourne, Belmont comprised nine rooms including a small ballroom.4 In the mid-1950s, Belmont was acquired by Dr Peter Kirby, who established his medical practice there, which was maintained for the next 40 years.5 Dr Kirby added a brick surgery to the rear of the original building and made modifications to the verandah.6 Belmont remains a large medical centre. The property has been refurbished in recent years, with additions and alterations carried out at the rear.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  6.5: Living in country towns  8.3: Providing health and welfare services

Description & Integrity The medical centre (formerly Belmont) is a large single-storey asymmetrical mid-Victorian villa in the Italianate style, with complex hipped and gabled roof forms, located on a prominent site at the corner of High and Lansell streets, Kangaroo Flat. The number of rooms in the earliest 1870s component of the building is not known, but the earliest elements include the High Street (east) elevation and the rendered faceted window bay to the north. As noted in the ‘History’ above, the original building expanded to include nine rooms and a small ballroom by the 1880s. The property was also extended in the 1950s, and more recently, as part of its adaptation to a medical centre. Additions and alterations have generally been concentrated to the rear (west) and south. The east elevation, comprising a recessed verandah and projecting gabled bay to the south, is distinguished by stuccoed quoins, and the gable end treatment of the south bay which features an oculus. The front door, accessed from the verandah, includes the lettering ‘Belmont’ to the frosted highlight. The windows to the verandah recess are double-hung timber-framed sashes; the window to the south bay has a cambered soffit and two narrow sidelights. A stuccoed chimney with terracotta pots is set back from the east elevation of the south wing. There is a narrower chimney, also stuccoed, above the north bay. It is possible that the east elevation – the L-shaped frontage to High Street – may be later than the north bay. The sashes in the latter faceted bay are of an earlier type than the three-light wing window facing High Street; there is also a marked difference in eave height; and the quoining to the wall edges in the east elevation do not appear in the rest of the building. There are two later additions to the south side, facing Lansell Street. The rear (west) elevation includes weatherboard and brick additions begun in Dr Kirby’s time. These have thick-framed double-hung sashes characteristic of the 1940s and 1950s.

In recent years the property has been extensively refurbished. Works include generally unsympathetic treatment to the front verandah, with timber columns, quasi-Federation details around the post and lintel intersections, and a simple steel balustrade. A similar fabric has been added to form a second verandah at the junction of the north side and the faceted bay wing, where it shelters a mural added to the east elevation. In addition, the gable cross-bar and finial to the south wing addressing High Street is modern; the cross-bar inappropriately cuts across the gable oculus. The roof has been reclad in corrugated galvanised steel. The rendered north bay and its lug-bordered windows facing north, parallel with High Street has been painted a light colour, increasing its differential with the rest of the house. The bagged brick front fence is another complete refurbishment. The property has a generous curtilage to all sides, with a large asphalted car park to the west, and lawns to the south, east and north. There are no plantings of obvious age.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Comparative Analysis The medical centre (formerly Belmont) presents generally as an Italianate property, with its original or early proportions and detailing related to Kangaroo Flat railway station (1863), completed about ten years earlier.7 The steep roof pitch gives the property a faintly Gothic character. The house was planned and/or evolved asymmetrically and inflects diagonally onto its site in characteristic Italianate manner.8 Belmont is also more insistently asymmetrical in composition than its Kangaroo Flat counterparts, including Dunedin House (KF18).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The medical centre (formerly Belmont) at the corner of High and Lansell streets, Kangaroo Flat, the original component of which dates to the early 1870s, is historically significant as a large and prominently-sited mid-Victorian villa. It was commissioned by Thomas Luxton, an eminent member of the Kangaroo Flat community, who was a local politician and philanthropist, a successful mining speculator who helped form the Bendigo Stock Exchange, and later (in the 1890s) the Mayor of Prahran. From the 1950s to the 1990s, the property was also the long-standing surgery of local general medicial practitioner, Dr Kirby. This later use of the property, as medical centre, continues.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City the of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The medical centre is a rare example of a substantial property dating to the 1870s which was built on the fringes of Bendigo. It is also one of the oldest properties of this type in Kangaroo Flat.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The medical centre (formerly Belmont) originally constructed in the early 1870s, is of aesthetic/architectural significance. It is a large asymmetrical mid-Victorian villa in the Italianate manner, with complex hipped and gabled roof forms and prominent chimneys, located on a prominent site at the corner of High and Lansell streets. Although an evolved building, with some substantial additions, the original and early components remain evident and clear, particularly on the diagonally- oriented east and north sides of the building. This is also notwithstanding that these two most prominent early bays (building components) appear to have been constructed at different times.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

The medical centre (formerly Belmont) is significant for its association with its first owner, Thomas Luxton, an eminent member of the Kangaroo Flat community, who was a local politician and philanthropist, a successful mining speculator who helped form the Bendigo Stock Exchange, and later (in the 1890s) the Mayor of Prahran.

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The medical centre (formerly Belmont) is located on a prominent site at the corner of High and Lansell streets, Kangaroo Flat. It is a large single-storey asymmetrical mid-Victorian villa in the Italianate style, with complex hipped and gabled roof forms. The original component of the building dates to the early 1870s, and includes the High Street (east) elevation and the rendered faceted window bay to the north. The dwelling had expanded by the 1880s to include nine rooms and a small ballroom. The east elevation, comprising a recessed verandah and projecting gabled bay to the south, is distinguished by stuccoed quoins, and the gable end treatment of the south bay which features an oculus. The front door, accessed from the verandah, includes the lettering ‘Belmont’ to the frosted highlight. There are two later additions to the south side, facing Lansell Street. The rear (west) elevation includes weatherboard and brick additions of the 1950s. There are also more recent works associated with the property’s adaptation to a medical centre. Additions and alterations have generally been concentrated to the rear (west) and south.

How is it significant?

The medical centre (formerly Belmont) at the corner of High and Lansell streets, Kangaroo Flat, the original component of which dates to the early 1870s, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The medical centre (formerly Belmont) is of local historical significance (Criterion A) as a large and prominently-sited mid-Victorian villa. It is associated with the first owner Thomas Luxton, an eminent member of the Kangaroo Flat community, who was a local politician and philanthropist, a successful mining speculator who helped form the Bendigo Stock Exchange, and later (in the 1890s) the Mayor of Prahran (Criterion H). From the 1950s to the 1990s, the property was also the long-standing surgery of local general medicial practitioner, Dr Kirby. This later use of the property, as medical centre, continues. The medical centre (formerly Belmont) is also of aesthetic/architectural significance, as a large asymmetrical mid-Victorian villa in the Italianate manner, with complex hipped and gabled roof forms and prominent chimneys, located on a prominent site at the corner of High and Lansell streets. Although an evolved building, with some substantial additions, the original and early components remain evident and clear, particularly on the diagonally-oriented east and north sides of the building. This is also notwithstanding that these two most prominent early bays (building components) appear to have been constructed at different times. The medical centre is additionally one of the oldest properties of this type in Kangaroo Flat, and a rare example of a substantial property dating to the 1870s which was built on the fringes of Bendigo (Criterion B).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 later additions and works, including those which supported the adaptation of the dwelling to a medical facility, are not elements of significance. The brick walling should remain unpainted. In preference, replace the unsympathetic treatment to the front verandah.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 J Ann Hone, 'Luxton, Thomas (1850-1911)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5,Melbourne University Press, 1974, p. 113. 2 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 142. 3 J Ann Hone, 'Luxton, Thomas (1850-1911)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5,Melbourne University Press, 1974, p. 113. 4 Andrew Ward et al, ‘Belmont’ citation, included in City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. The original source is not cited. 5 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 65. 6 Mike Butcher and Gill Flanders, Bendigo Historic Buildings, National Trust of Australia (Vic), 1987, p. 142. 7 See Wesley Hamill and Dorothy Wild, Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, Photographic History series, Bendigo, 1994, volume 1, unpaginated. 8 The diagonal inflection in later Victorian house designs is discussed by Miles Lewis in Richard Apperly and others, (eds., contrib.) The History and Design of the Australian House, Oxford, Melbourne, 1985, pp. 79-81. For Italianate more generally see James Stevens Curl, Encyclopedia of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Oxford, 2006, for ‘Italianate’ and ‘Italian Villa Style’, p. 389. In Australia, Italianate is understood to refer to both the style of 15th and 16th century Italian urban palaces, and also to more picturesque and usually asymmetrical detached houses.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Reference in 1998 KF20 Marong Study

Address 24 Chapel Street Map reference VicRoads 613 M3

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of construction 1872 Recommendation Not recommended for the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The property at 24 Chapel Street is not of local heritage significance, and is not recommended for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

Left: Front elevation, facing north-east (Chapel Street). Right: Rear elevation (Hill Street).

Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

Intactness Good  Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History The blacksmith, James White, had purchased lot 82, section D, Parish of Sandhurst, Shire of Marong by11 October, 1871.1 He built this house in 1872, the net asset value being £50. For many years the property was owned by the Kangaroo Flat miner, George Shelton, known as ‘Sweet Orange George’ because of a well known and loved sweet-fruited orange tree in his front garden.2 The large cellar attached to the house at one time was used as the billiard room. It has been suggested that this house was the last coaching stop before Sandhurst, but it may also be that the nearby Viaduct Hotel, where there was also a cab rank, served this purpose.3 In 1999 the house was owned by Robert Cameron, Member of the Legislative Assembly for Bendigo West.4

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  6.5: Living in country towns

Description & Integrity No. 24 Chapel Street is located on an asymmetrical allotment at the intersection of Hill and Chapel streets to the east of Kangaroo Flat, in close proximity to the rail line. The property comprises the original 1870s house, to the north, with a very substantial addition to the rear. The emphasis of the following description is on the historic property.

The original house, addressing Chapel Street, is a symmetrical single-storey red brick villa with a hipped roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel. The Chapel Street elevation, facing north-east, is distinguished by its pilastrated verandah columns, each fluted with Roman Doric necking. The verandah has a concave roof, also clad in corrugated galvanised steel. The original windows are timber-framed, double-hung sashes with cambered soffits. The entry is approached by slate steps and the brick reveal to the doorway is rebated to give it visual emphasis. There are plain cement render quoins and moulded bricks to the chimneys.

Rear additions have been made to the original 1870s dwelling, which are substantially larger than the original house. Although these appear to have been sympathetically executed in terms of brick and roofing materials, the additions have effectively overwhelmed the original and more modest house, wrapping around its rear (west) and south sides. This is evident in the aerial image above; the additions are also visible from the rear property address to Hill Street.

The garden includes a mature Moreton Bay Fig, presumed to be associated with early occupants. The property appears to be in sound condition.

Comparative Analysis The direct Kangaroo Flat comparison is with 2 Olympic Parade Street (1872, KF22). Further afield, 24 Chapel Street also compares with the former Michael Bourke farmstead at no. 550 McKenzie Road, Woodstock-on-Loddon (WL01). This latter property is believed to date to the 1870s. All three have symmetrical fronts with shallow eaves and concave verandah roofs. Kangaroo Flat verandahs are invariably either bull-nosed or straight-sheeted, and the concave form is an early colonial one that really peaked in Victoria in the mid-1850s. The window details at 24 Chapel Street are basic and usual in the Bendigo region, being double-hung sashes with round-arched headers and single block stone sills. The quoins were frequent in regional Victoria, and in this case may owe something to the conspicuous quoins on Kangaroo Flat railway station (1863), along with other railway buildings of the early 1860s. The bricks are exposed throughout, whereas in many other Bendigo buildings this finish was stuccoed over as part of later works.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

No. 24 Chapel Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1872) has some historical interest for its association with the early years of the development of Kangaroo Flat. It was built for blacksmith James White, and subsequently occupied for many years by miner George Shelton, known as ‘Sweet Orange George’ because of a well known orange tree in his front garden.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The original (1872) component of no. 24 Chapel Street, Kangaroo Flat has some aesthetic value as a symmetrical 1870s single-storey red brick villa, with the Chapel Street elevation distinguished by its concave verandah with pilastrated columns, and slate entry steps. The mature Moreton Bay figs to the garden are also of interest. However, the very substantial rear addition has impacted on the property. While the original component remains readable, the addition has detracted from its presentation and encroached into the setting of the more modest 1870s dwelling.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance No. 24 Chapel Street, Kangaroo Flat (built 1872) is of some historical and aesthetical interest. The property derives some historical interest from its association with the early years of the development of Kangaroo Flat. It was built for blacksmith James White, and subsequently occupied for many years by miner George Shelton, known as ‘Sweet Orange George’ because of a well known orange tree in his front garden. The original (1872) component also has some aesthetic value as a symmetrical 1870s single-storey red brick villa, with the Chapel Street elevation distinguished by its concave verandah with pilastrated columns, and slate entry steps. The mature Moreton Bay figs to the garden are also of interest. However, the very substantial rear addition has impacted on the property. While the original component remains readable, the addition has detracted from its presentation and encroached into the setting of the more modest 1870s dwelling.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Recommendations The property is not recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. While the property has some historical and aesthetical interest, specifically in the original 1870s component, the extent of this original fabric is limited, with the modern addition/works effectively constituting the majority of built form/fabric on the site.

External Paint Colours

Internal Alterations Controls

Tree Controls

Outbuildings and fences exemptions

Victorian Heritage Register

Prohibited uses may be permitted

Incorporated plan

Aboriginal heritage place

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Shire of Marong rate book, 1872, cited in citation for no. 24 Chapel Street, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 2 Pers comm, Lindsay Shelton, and Ray Wallace, 11 March, 1999, , cited in citation for no. 24 Chapel Street, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 3 Pers comm, Bill Pettit and Ray Wallace, 11 March, 1999, , cited in citation for no. 24 Chapel Street, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 4 Pers comm., Robert Cameron, Ray Wallace, 2 March, 1999, , cited in citation for no. 24 Chapel Street, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Woodville Reference in 1998 in KF22 Marong Study

Address 2 Olympic Parade, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 613 L3 Flat

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010 (external inspection only)

Date of 1872 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Woodville is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: 2 Olympic Parade, front (south) elevation. Right: Side (west) elevation.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown as KF22.

Intactness Good Fair Poor

History John Scott Lithgo purchased lot 50, section 15, Parish of Sandhurst, Shire of Marong, on 26 August, 1870. In that year there were stables on the land, with a net asset value (NAV) of 10 shillings. The present house had been erected by 1872, with a NAV of £50.1 Lithgo was a valuer in 1870 and by 1875 he was self-employed as a storekeeper. He was also a prominent local Wesleyan Methodist and an original trustee of the Kangaroo Flat Wesleyan Church in 1871.2

The City of Greater Bendigo approved the subdivision of the property into two lots, for the construction of two dwellings on 11 May 2009.3

1 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes: • 6.5: Living in country towns • 8.1: Maintaining spiritual life

Description & Integrity Woodville, at no 2 Olympic Parade, Kangaroo Flat, is a single-storey symmetrical bichrome brick mid- Victorian villa with a later addition at the rear. The front (south) of the house has a pyramidal roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel, with shallow eaves and slender chimneys. The rear configuration of the house comprised two trailing wings with monopitch (skillion) roofs; one of these narrow wings may be extant on the east side (visibility was restricted), while the other on the west side may also be early but appears to have been modified. The area between the trailing wings has been covered over/infilled, with a single-ridge gable with polycarbonate panels (for lighting). The original house is constructed of face red bricks relieved by cream bricks in alternating headers and stretchers, creating a small-grained quoin effect. This treatment is carried through to the openings on the facade (south elevation); the facade also has a concave verandah with a plain fascia, formerly timber posted, but now supported by pipe columns. Original windows at the front and sides are timber-framed double- hung sashes with cambered headers and simple block sills. The front door, possibly dating to the Federation period, has two sidelights and accompanying panels, and a fretworked screen door. There are four bichrome brick chimneys, two of which are on the rear wings, with a pot remaining on one and chimney cans on two others. Three of the chimneys have cornices and collars in corbelled brick; the fourth at the rear, while repeating the brick patterning, has neither. It is keyed to the dimensions of the narrower front chimney stack.

The house occupies a large asymmetrical plot, narrowing to the south, with views to Kangaroo Flat cemetery. The long south-west frontage to Olympic Parade is lined with a corrugated steel fence, rising in height in proximity to the house. There appear to be no plantings or trees of long-standing in the garden.

Comparative Analysis Woodville’s direct Kangaroo Flat comparisons are 24 Chapel Street (1871, KF20) and Tweedside (1850s, KF24) at 39 Crusoe Road. Further afield, it also compares with the former Michael Bourke farmstead at 550 McKenzie Road, Woodstock-on-Loddon (WL01). All four have symmetrical fronts with shallow eaves. No. 550 McKenzie Road, Woodstock-on-Loddon and 24 Chapel Street have similar concave verandah roofs. Woodville also shares its bichrome brick chimneys with several High Street commercial properties, such as the former Liverpool Arms Hotel at 182 High Street. More generally, the quoin-like patterning of the bichrome brick reflects the popularity of quoin work in buildings in the Kangaroo Flat area.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Woodville, at 2 Olympic Parade, Kangaroo Flat (built 1872) is historically significant as an example of a substantial brick residence built during the early years of development of Kangaroo Flat. It was built for John Scott Lithgo, a local storekeeper and prominent member of the local Wesleyan Methodist church community. Lithgo was an original trustee of the Kangaroo Flat Wesleyan Church in 1871. The siting of the dwelling, and its large asymmetrical allotment, also indicate an earlier property in Kangaroo Flat with an atypical orientation to more recent subdivisions.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

2 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Woodville (built 1872) is of aesthetic/architectural significance. It is a simply detailed mid-Victorian villa with a symmetrical presentation, concave verandah and steeply pitched pyramidal roof. The bichrome brickwork, including the quoin-like patterning, is typical of many buildings in the Kangaroo Flat area; here it is also carried through to the chimneys. Save for the rear addition and the non- original verandah columns the property is largely externally intact as built.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Woodville at 2 Olympic Parade, Kangaroo Flat, was built in 1872 for John Scott Lithgo, a local storekeeper and member of the Wesleyan Methodist church. It is a single-storey symmetrical bichrome brick mid-Victorian villa, with a later addition at the rear, and a steeply pitched pyramidal roof with slender chimneys to the front building component. The rear of the house had two trailing narrow wings, one of which may be extant on the east side while that on the west side may also be early but appears to have been modified. The original house component is constructed of face red bricks relieved by cream bricks in alternating headers and stretchers, creating a small-grained quoin effect. The facade also has a concave verandah with a plain fascia, formerly timber posted, but now supported by pipe columns. Original windows at the front and sides are timber-framed double-hung sashes with cambered headers and simple block sills. The front door possibly dates to the Federation period. The house occupies a large asymmetrical plot, narrowing to the south, with views to Kangaroo Flat cemetery.

How is it significant?

Woodville at 2 Olympic Parade, Kangaroo Flat (built 1872) is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Woodville is historically significant (Criterion A) as an example of a substantial brick residence built during the early years of development of Kangaroo Flat. It was built for John Scott Lithgo, a local 3 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 storekeeper and prominent member of the Wesleyan Methodist church community. Lithgo was an original trustee of the Kangaroo Flat Wesleyan Church in 1871. The siting of the dwelling, and its large asymmetrical allotment, also indicate an earlier property in Kangaroo Flat with an atypical orientation to that of the more recent subdivisions. Woodville is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E) as a simply detailed mid-Victorian villa with a symmetrical presentation, concave verandah and steeply pitched pyramidal roof. The bichrome brickwork, including the quoin- like patterning, is typical of many buildings in the Kangaroo Flat area; here it is also carried through to the chimneys. Save for the rear addition and the non-original verandah columns the property is largely externally intact as built.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map. However, with the focus of significance on the 1870s dwelling, consideration could be given to reducing the Overlay extent to the building, a curtilage around it, and a generous portion of the long south-west frontage (setback) to Olympic Parade, albeit the latter is not distinguished for its plantings or treed character. The face brickwork should be remain unpainted; the timber verandah posts could also be reinstated.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Shire of Marong rate books, 1870-72, cited in ‘Woodville’ citation, Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998. 2 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 107. 3 City of Greater Bendigo, Building and Planning Applications.

4 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name St Monica's Catholic Church Reference in 1998 KF23 Marong Study

Address 97 High Street, corner Station Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 Street, Kangaroo Flat

Building Type Church Survey date June and July 2010

Date of 1926 Recommendation Include in the Schedule to construction the Heritage Overlay

Significance St Monica’s Catholic Church is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: Presentation of St Monica’s at the corner of High and Station streets. Right: Rear (east) view, with sanctuary at centre and sacristy to the right.

Left: South elevation. Right: Entry to the sacristy (north elevation).

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with St Monica’s shown as KF23.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

1 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History The first Mass in Kangaroo Flat was held in 1857, at Mr Hiemann's International Hotel, located on the site of the present St Monica’s Church (built 1926). Hiemann, a German Lutheran, is believed to have made the International Hotel available to the Catholic community following a proposal for the first Mass to be held in a slab hut at the north-east corner of High and Station streets, opposite the International.1 In the early-1860s, the site of the slab hut was developed as school, church and hall, dedicated to St Monica. The (then) church building, designed by prominent Bendigo architects Vahland and Getzschmann, was built of locally-fired bricks, and blessed by the Bishop of Melbourne, the Most Reverend James Goold, on 24 July 1864. It served as a school during the week and a church at weekends, until the completion of the present church on a separate site in 1926. The 1864 building was demolished in 1992.2 In the early 1920s, the site of the present St Monica’s Church was acquired by Bishop John McCarthy, the third Bishop of Sandhurst – by then the International Hotel was long since de-licensed. The foundation stone was laid by Bishop McCarthy on Sunday 16 May 1926, and the church was blessed by the Bishop on Sunday 7 November 1926. The total cost of the building and fittings was £4,000. The architect was George Austen; the contractor was Frank Brown.3 Austen also designed Bendigo's former Limerick Castle Hotel in Williamson Street, again in1926.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  8.1: Maintaining spiritual life

Description & Integrity St Monica’s Church is located on the south-east corner of High and Station streets, south of St Monica's Primary School (formerly the site of the slab hut and 1864 Vahland and Getzschmann church, see ‘History’, above). It is located in the approximate centre of a rectangular allotment, with an open landscaped area to the west, a row of specimen trees to the north and a car park to the east (rear). There is a public pathway to the south and a modern toilet block to the south-east corner of the site. The building addresses the west.

St Monica’s is a richly decorated, gabled and buttressed, Gothic Revival red brick church with tuckpointing and white stuccoed contrasts. The roof is steeply pitched and clad with original slate tiles. The gable ends have characteristic Gothic Revival copings with crosses at the apexes; the main west gable has a rose window with a dressed course and blind triangular panel above, and a sloping parapet, dressed apex, four kneelers and angled buttresses. The nave measures 16.7m by 8.2m, and is 9.1m high; the sanctuary is 5.2m by 5.2m, and the sacristy, on the east side of the sanctuary is 4.3m by 3.7m.4

The large rose window to the west gable has a broad intrados and moulded extrados, acting as a drip- mould, and ending in ballflowers halfway round. It has radial bar tracery, like a wheel window, converging on a quatrefoil. The nave windows are all lancets with trefoliated inner frames, each with conspicuous quoin surrounds and a thick, smooth intrados coupled to a moulded extrados ending in ballflowers at the impost. The side buttresses are two-stepped with cement-rendered offsets; the west gable has conspicuous three-step angle buttresses with cement-rendered gablets capped with square-plan gablet pinnacles. The pinnacles and upper third step of these buttresses have recessed panels ending in trefoils. The front porch also has two buttresses with two steps, the upper being cement rendered with recessed oblong coffer panels filled with foliate ornament. There is a faceted apsidal sanctuary with attached vestry. The chancel windows are sited high, being paired lancets with trefoliated frames and similar quoined architraves to those of the side nave windows. The vestry cuts across these chancel windows on the north-east side. It is dominated by a large gable with a crucifix finial, apex stone, kneelers, and two tall flanking corbels each capped by a gablet. The south-east wall of this vestry has a high mounted two-light window with timber frames and mullions, each pane with depressed three-centred arches cut in the window frames. These are surmounted by a flat head, above which was a depressed pointed arch. This flat head with surmounting pointed arch is matched by the side porch door and the vestry door. The nave’s south-west side has a two-leafed door set in the fourth bay. The external doors are planked and appear to be long standing.

2 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

The trees to the to the north boundary are a variety of species and appear to have been planted at the same time or soon after the construction of the church.

Comparative Analysis St Monica’s is a characteristic interwar church of the 1920s. It inherits the vigorous and robustly scaled detail seen in a series of August Fritsch’s Roman Catholic churches around Melbourne from c.1906 onward, as in his St Joseph’s Church in Stanhope Street, Malvern (1908). This robustness continued in his much larger red brick Catholic churches such as St Mary’s, Bairnsdale (1913); and in churches by others, such as St Joseph’s Benalla by Kempson and Connolly (1907-8).5 St Monica’s architects, Keogh and Austin, had also designed similar churches, as with the Church of the Immaculate conception at St Arnaud (1906-7). Clegg, Miller and Riley went in similar directions with St Michael’s and St John’s Horsham (1913), soon after E F Eberach had completed the John Knox Presbyterian Church at Swan Hill (c.1912). On a tall plinth, this latter building included similar buttress-pinnacles, rose windows and gabled porch with paired lancets. The quoins and cement- dressed surfaces at the St Arnaud church are also of similar weight to those of St Monica’s.6 The difference here is that George Austen used Gothic influences, where Fritsch and other Melbourne- based Catholic Church architects preferred Romanesque. In texture and colour St Monica’s resembles other vivid red brick churches of the period in Victoria, such as the Methodist Church in Kerang (1928). The main window detailing, a simple trefoil inside a lancet, was related to the square-headed trefoil being used consistently by newer architects such as Alexander North and Louis Williams, especially in their Trinity College Chapel for the University of Melbourne (1909-15). The thick, flat extrados surfaces on St Monica’s are deliberately emphatic and heavy, and such emphasis was common in the middle and later 1920s, part of an effort to make churches more visible and sturdy in appearance. The multiple kneelers on the side gable were common throughout the red-brick period of church design between c. 1890 and 1930, as were the pitched gable parapets and the cement dressing. The subject church is also emphatically processional; and proportionally long churches predominated in Victoria’s church architecture during this period, climaxing with Payne and Dale’s St Dominic’s at Camberwell, and Newman College Chapel (1938-42).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

St Monica’s Catholic Church, at the corner of High and Station streets, Kangaroo Flat (built 1926), is historically significant as the principal Catholic Church and centre of Catholic worship at Kangaroo Flat since 1926. The first Mass at Kangaroo Flat was held in 1857 on the site of the present church, then the International Hotel. The association between Catholicism and this part of High Street is reinforced by St Monica’s Primary School, located to the north-east of the Station and High streets intersection, on a site originally developed by the Catholic community from the 1860s.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

3 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

St Monica’s Catholic Church is of aesthetic/architectural significance. The 1926 building is a substantially intact, richly decorated, gabled and buttressed, Gothic Revival brick church with tuckpointing and white stuccoed contrasts, and a steeply pitched slate clad roof. It is a vigorous and robustly scaled church, with vivid red brick walling, and distinguished by Gothic Revival elements including copings with crosses at the gable apexes, and a large rose window with a dressed course and blind triangular panel above to the west gable end. Other elements of note include the lancet windows with trefoliated inner frames to the nave; two-stepped side buttresses with cement-rendered offsets; the three-stepped angle buttresses with cement-rendered gablets capped with pinnacles to the west gable; the buttressed front porch; and the faceted apsidal sanctuary with attached vestry. The unusually thick and emphatic extrados surfaces on St Monica’s reflect an emphasis on making churches more visible and sturdy in appearance during the 1920s. The subject church is also emphatically processional and demonstrative of the proportionally long churches which predominated in Victoria’s church architecture during this period. St Monica’s, which has not been significantly modified since construction, also occupies a prominent location on High Street at the north end of Kangaroo Flat’s retail strip.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

St Monica’s Catholic Church is of social significance in the local context, as the centre of the local Kangaroo Flat Catholic community since 1926, including the focus of church services and worship.

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

St Monica’s Catholic Church, at the corner of High and Station streets, Kangaroo Flat, was built in 1926, south of St Monica's Primary School. The church is a richly decorated, gabled and buttressed, Gothic Revival red brick church with tuckpointing and white stuccoed contrasts. The roof is steeply pitched and clad with original slate tiles. The gable ends have characteristic Gothic Revival copings with crosses at the apexes; the main west gable has a large rose window with a dressed course and blind triangular panel above; and nave windows which are all lancets with trefoliated inner frames and conspicuous quoin surrounds. The side buttresses are two-stepped with cement-rendered offsets; the west gable has three-step angle buttresses with cement-rendered gablets capped with pinnacles. The front porch also has two buttresses; there is a faceted apsidal sanctuary with attached vestry. The external doors are planked and appear to be long standing. The church addresses the west and is located in the approximate centre of a rectangular allotment, with an open landscaped area to the west, a row of specimen trees to the north and a car park to the east (rear). The trees to the to the north boundary are a variety of species and appear to have been planted at the same time or soon after the construction of the church.

How is it significant?

St Monica’s Catholic Church, at the corner of High and Station streets, Kangaroo Flat (built 1926), is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

St Monica’s Catholic Church is historically significant (Criterion A) as the principal Catholic Church and centre of Catholic worship at Kangaroo Flat since 1926. The first Mass at Kangaroo Flat was held in 4 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

1857 on the site of the present church, then the International Hotel. The association between Catholicism and this part of High Street is reinforced by St Monica’s Primary School, located to the north-east of the Station and High streets intersection, on a site originally developed by the Catholic community from the 1860s. It is also of social significance (Criterion G) as the centre of the local Kangaroo Flat Catholic community since 1926, including being the focus of church services and worship. Aesthetically and architecturally (Criterion E) St Monica’s is a substantially intact, richly decorated, gabled and buttressed, Gothic Revival brick church with tuckpointing and white stuccoed contrasts, and a steeply pitched slate clad roof. It is a vigorous and robustly scaled church, with vivid red brick walling, and distinguished by Gothic Revival elements including copings with crosses at the gable apexes, and a large rose window with a dressed course and blind triangular panel above to the west gable end. Other elements of note include the lancet windows with trefoliated inner frames to the nave; two-stepped side buttresses with cement-rendered offsets; the three-stepped angle buttresses with cement-rendered gablets capped with pinnacles to the west gable; the buttressed front porch; and the faceted apsidal sanctuary with attached vestry. The unusually thick and emphatic extrados surfaces on St Monica’s reflect an emphasis on making churches more visible and sturdy in appearance during the 1920s. The subject church is also emphatically processional and demonstrative of the proportionally long churches which predominated in Victorian church architecture during this period. St Monica’s, which has not been significantly modified since construction, additionally occupies a prominent location on High Street at the north end of Kangaroo Flat’s retail strip.

Recommendations St Monica’s is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map. The focus of significance is on the 1920s church building, and its presentation to the west and north. The walls should remain unpainted.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References

J Hattam, The Church of St. Monica, Kangaroo Flat, unpublished paper, 1976.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 108. 2 Wesley Hammill and Dorothy Wild, Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, Photographic History series, Bendigo, 1994, Volume 2, unpaginated. 5 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

3 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 108-09. 4 Measurements cited in J Hattam, The Church of St. Monica, Kangaroo Flat, unpublished paper, 1976. 5 Miles Lewis (ed., contrib.), Victorian Churches, National Trust, Melbourne, 1991, pp. 76 item 109 (Malvern), 93 item 162 (Bairnsdale), 103 item 202 (Benalla). 6 Miles Lewis (ed., contrib.) Victorian Churches, National trust, Melbourne, 1991, p. 148 item 377.

6 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Tweedside Reference in 1998 KF24 Marong Study

Address 39-41 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat Map reference VicRoads 612 K6

Building type Private residence Survey date June 2010

Date of 1850s Recommendation Include in the construction Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance Tweedside is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: West elevation of Tweedside, c. early-1990s (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, Bendigo, 1994, Volume 1, unpaginated). Right: Tweedside, note wing projecting from the south-east corner.

Left: Detail of verandah. Right: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo).

Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown asKF24.

Intactness  Good Fair Poor

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History Tweedside, located on the flats of the Bendigo Creek, south of Kangaroo Flat, is believed to have been built in the mid-1850s, for successful drover and stock dealer Archibald Parkes McColough. McColough and his wife, Elizabeth, arrived in Victoria from Nova Scotia, Canada in 1852. McColough’s occupation as a drover may explain the then historically relative isolation of his house on Crusoe Road, at that time a stock route.1 Family folklore records that Elizabeth McColough was determined that her children would not be born in a tent: Emma McColough was born on 20 October 1853, followed by Mary Ella on 21 September 1856, Evangeline on 20 April 1859 and then three subsequent children. It is assumed that the house was constructed in this mid-1850s period. The property is shown on the map of the area prepared by District Surveyor Richard Larritt, dated 3 March 1859.2 The McColoughs were well prepared, bringing with them construction materials including heavy plate glass. The bricks for the property are believed to have been made on site.3

By 1860, the McColough’s dwelling was described as having four rooms. It was offered for sale at that time but was not purchased. Additions, undertaken possibly as early as the 1860s, brought the house to six rooms with stables, coach house, servants' quarters and kitchen.4 Tweedside was purchased in a derelict state by the Londey family in 1929-30 and it is thought that the verandah was reconstructed around this time. Works were carried out at the property in the 1950s, including the construction of a new kitchen.5

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  2.5: Migrating and making a home  4.1: Living off the land  4.3: Grazing and raising livestock  6.5: Living on the fringes

Description & Integrity Tweedside is a single-storey c.1850s brick dwelling, with a wing projecting from the south-east. The property is set to the rear of its allotment, with a generous landscaped garden setting to Crusoe Road. The garden, which is bisected by an asphalt drive, includes a number of trees and plantings which partially obscure views of the property from the street.

The original component of the property is a symmetrical brick structure with a hipped roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel. The walls were originally in exposed brick, now overpainted. The Arts and Crafts-influenced timber posted verandah is later (c. 1930). There are four chimneys in overpainted brick, one of which is diagonally angled (the chimney on the south-west side of the roof). The chimneys have large bases and cornices of corbelled brick courses. The windows are generally timber-framed double-hung sashes with cambered soffits and simple block sills. The date of the south wing is not known, but it is possible that it includes fabric dating to the extension of the property in the 1860s (see ‘History’, above). The façade of this wing, where it faces Crusoe Road, has a variety of openings, including a large multi-paned opening with French glass doors that appears to date from the 1980s or 1990s.

The property appears to be in generally sound condition.

Comparative Analysis In terms of age, Tweedside (1850s) compares with Dudley House at 60 View Street, Bendigo (1858), Specimen Cottage at 178-180 Hargreaves Street, Bendigo (1856,) and Myrnong (1857-58), at Myrnong Court, Kangaroo Flat as among the oldest surviving dwellings on the Bendigo goldfields. It is also possible that Tweedside predates all of these, if constructed before the birth of the McColough’s first two children, being Emma (October 1853) and then Mary Ella (September 1856), as family tradition suggests. With regard to form and style, Tweedside’s Kangaroo Flat equivalents include Woodville at 2 Olympic Parade, although its hipped roof is larger in area and more complex, and the original brickwork is still exposed. As with Woodville, Tweedside has a verandah frame of probably

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010 later date and has rear alterations of similar date. Tweedside’s angled chimney is unusual in the area. Its prominent chimney bases are also more characteristic of Bendigo.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Tweedside at no 39 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat, is of historical significance as one of the oldest dwellings in the Kangaroo Flat area and more broadly on the Bendigo goldfield. It is believed to have been constructed in the 1850s, possibly c. 1856, by Archibald Parkes McColough, a drover and stock dealer who arrived in Victoria from Nova Scotia with his wife in 1852. The location of the property provides an insight into early patterns of settlement in the area, potentially related to McColough’s occupation as a drover and stock dealer. The early construction of the property, utilising bricks burned on site and materials brought to Victoria by the McColoughs, also provides evidence of approaches to building substantial dwellings in the early gold rush period.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

Tweedside is significant for being one of the oldest dwellings in the Kangaroo Flat area and more broadly on the Bendigo goldfield; it is additionally a rare example of a property dating to the 1850s, which was built on the fringes of Bendigo.

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

Tweedside is of aesthetic/architectural significance as a largely externally intact, simple but well- proportioned early (1850s) brick villa in Kangaroo Flat. It would have been a substantial structure at the time of its construction, particularly given its then isolated location. In its roof form, chimneys, external brick walls and generous setback from the street, the property retains much of its original presentation. The angled chimney is a particularly early element, providing an indication of the building’s early date of construction.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A 3

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Statement of Significance What is significant?

Tweedside at no 39 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat, is believed to have been constructed in the 1850s, possibly c. 1856, by Archibald Parkes McColough. It is a single-storey brick dwelling, with a wing projecting from the south-east. The original component is a symmetrical brick structure with a hipped roof; the walls were originally in exposed brick, now overpainted. The Arts and Crafts-influenced timber posted verandah is later (c. 1930). There are four chimneys in overpainted brick, with large bases and corbelled brick cornices, one of which (on the south-west side of the roof) is diagonally angled, an indication of its early date. The windows are generally timber-framed double-hung sashes. The date of the south wing is not known, but it may include fabric dating to the 1860s extension of the property. The façade of this wing has a variety of openings, including a large opening with French glass doors that appears to date from the 1980s or 1990s. The property is set to the rear of its allotment, with a generous landscaped garden setting to Crusoe Road.

How is it significant?

Tweedside at no 39 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat, is of local historical and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

Tweedside is historically significant (Criterion A) as one of the oldest dwellings in the Kangaroo Flat area and more broadly on the Bendigo goldfield. Tweedside is also a rare example of a property dating to the 1850s, which was built on the fringes of Bendigo (Criterion B). It is believed to have been constructed in the 1850s, possibly c. 1856, by Archibald Parkes McColough, a drover and stock dealer who arrived in Victoria from Nova Scotia with his wife in 1852. The location of the property provides an insight into early patterns of settlement in the area, potentially related to McColough’s occupation as a drover and stock dealer. The early construction of the property, utilising bricks burned on site and materials brought to Victoria by the McColoughs, also provides evidence of approaches to building substantial dwellings in the early gold rush period. Tweedside is also of aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E) as a largely externally intact, simple but well- proportioned early (1850s) brick villa in Kangaroo Flat. It would have been a substantial structure at the time of its construction, particularly given its then isolated location. In its roof form, chimneys, external brick walls and generous setback from the street, the property retains much of its original presentation. The angled chimney is a particularly early element, providing an indication of the building’s early date of construction.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is indicated in the above map, while the focus of significance is on the 1850s dwelling, together with its (believed to be early) south wing. In preference, the external paintwork should be removed and the original brick presentation of the building reinstated. The advice of a heritage practitioner should be sought prior to undertaking these works.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, p. 87. 2 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993, pp. 87-88. 3 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back To Committee, 1993p. 88, citing, M Butcher and W Gregson, ‘So Now You See It,’ Bendigo Advertiser, 1992, pp. 79-80. 4 M Butcher and W Gregson, ‘So Now You See It,’ Bendigo Advertiser, 1992, pp. 79-80. 5 Tweedside citation included in Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998, source not cited.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Former police station and Reference in 1998 KF25 quarters Marong Study

Address Corner of Camp and Church Map reference VicRoads 613 M3 streets, Kangaroo Flat

Building type Police station (disused) Survey date June and August 2010

Date of 1883 Recommendation Include in the Schedule construction to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The former police station and quarters is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Left: East elevation of the police station and quarters, showing the three 1880s transverse gables,

Left: Rear view of the police station and quarters, with the classroom addition at left (east). Right: West elevation of the freestanding 1963 addition at the south-west corner of the site.

Left: Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Bendigo). Right: Proposed Heritage Overlay map, with the subject site shown as KF25.

Intactness Good  Fair Poor

1 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

History The Kangaroo Flat district was first policed in the 1850s with a station opened at the gold mining settlement of Crusoe Gully (also known as Robinson Crusoe). From the mid-1850s, a Constable Black was a regular presence in Kangaroo Flat,1 and by the end of the decade Sergeant Babington, who served for a long period as head of the Kangaroo Flat police station, is recorded as having been called to attend a number of incidents at the Italian camp in the nascent settlement.2 However, the policing of the area was a matter of concern to residents. In 1863, local surgeon George O’Donnell wrote to the Bendigo Advertiser to complain that only two policeman were present to manage a population of 3,000-4,000 over an area spreading for six miles (10km).3

In 1883, the present four-room, double-fronted timber police station and quarters was built on the corner of Camp and Church streets, shortly before the proclamation of the township in 1886. The building was drawn by architect John R Brown and approved by Charles Barrett, an architect with the Victorian Public Works Department. Brown was noted for his ornamental designs utilising sunshades, multi-gabled facades with decorative woodwork, Gothic roof vents and elaborate chimneys. The Kangaroo Flat design was one of nine double-fronted four-roomed police station and quarters complexes erected in Victoria during the first half of the 1880s.4

The station was closed in late 1922, with the officer-in-charge being transferred to nearby Golden Square. It was not until 1963, after several submissions from local representatives, that a local police presence was again established. At that time, a new police station was erected at the south-west corner of the site and the former police station and quarters reconfigured internally.5 Kangaroo Flat Police Station closed again between 1971 and 1974, and operations finally ceased in 2006. The property is presently redundant. A recent fire caused some damage to the north wall of the rear gable, internally and externally.6

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  7.3: Maintaining law and order

Description & Integrity The disused 1883 police station and quarters at the corner of Camp and Church streets, Kangaroo Flat, occupies a large asymmetrical site, with street frontages to the south, east and west. The built elements are located on the south of the allotment and include the 1880s police station and quarters, a demountable classroom addition to the north-east and a small freestanding police station (1963) to the south-west. Open landscaped areas are located to the south of the site and at the south-east corner. There is a large concrete area to the north of the buildings, and there are a number of freestanding lock-ups and demountables at the site, used for storage.

The original 1880s weatherboard police station and quarters addresses Camp Street (south). Asymmetrically planned, it comprises a pair of transverse gables and is connected to a rear wing of similar age and appearance. The building has a timber-framed roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel and a timber-posted verandah. The front door is in a filled-in verandah bay. Some early timber- framed windows survive, although some have been replaced. The Camp Street frontage comprises a projecting wing and recessed verandah. Each of the gables is fronted by long finials with square bases. The east end of the building is framed by a large brick chimney, repeated in the gabled block immediately behind and seen from Church Street. The chimneys are in overpainted brick with broad backs and brick cornices, tapering in to the stacks. The stacks are panelled on the two facing Church Street, and all five chimneys’ upper levels have tapered tops above angled header bricks, forming notched collars and capped by cylindrical flues or chimney-cans. The timber gable finials, accentuated bargeboards and chimney details are broadly expressive of the Gothic Revival. The stepped chimneys and serrated ornamentation are prominent elements.

The demountable block facing Church Street is a standard timber school room of the post-war period, with horizontally proportioned top-hung windows and an apron of vertical planking. It has a roof clad in corrugated galvanised steel, rather rusty. The 1960s police station, at the Smith and Camp Streets corner, is also timber with vertical planking and a low pitched roof.

2 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

The 1880s police station and quarters appears to be in fair condition. Successive internal renovations and modifications, and the recent fire damage, have had some impact on the building.

Comparative Analysis The disused police station and quarters at Kangaroo Flat was one of nine similar double-fronted four- roomed police station and quarters complexes erected in Victoria between 1880 and 1886, to standard Public Works Department designs (see also ‘History’ page 2). Analysis of other surviving examples has not been undertaken for this report. More generally, timber properties of this age are relatively rare in the local context, although examples include the former Gunn’s Hotel at Raywood (1873, R10) and the former Kamarooka Road School (Neilborough North) no. 1726 (1876, SU1).

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The disused 1883 police station and quarters at the corner of Camp and Church streets, Kangaroo Flat is of historical significance, as the focus of policing activity in Kangaroo Flat for a long period from 1883, albeit intermittently, having been closed between 1922 and 1963, and again between 1971 and 1974, before operations finally ceased in 2006. The disused facility recalls the early development of the township and the formalisation of the settlement in the build-up to the proclamation of Kangaroo Flat in 1886. The former police station is also historically significant as a surviving example of a standard Public Works Department design of a timber police station with quarters dating to the 1880s.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

The weatherboard police station and quarters is of aesthetic/architectural significance. While it is a standard Public Works Department design for a timber police station with quarters of the period (1880s) and subsequently modified and extended, it remains a picturesque and highly detailed building which retains many of the original Gothic Revival architectural elements. These include the asymmetrical planning; the striking combination of the three transverse gables; gabled ends with long finials and accentuated bargeboards; and the stepped chimneys with tapered tops.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

3 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

The former police station is of some local significance as the focus of police work and activity in Kangaroo Flat, albeit intermittently, from the 1880s to 2006.N/A

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance What is significant?

The former police station and quarters at the corner of Camp and Church streets, Kangaroo Flat, dates from the 1880s and operated intermittently as a police station until 2006. The original 1883 components are on the south of the allotment and comprise the weatherboard police station and quarters which is asymmetrically planned, has a pair of transverse gables with roofs clad in corrugated galvanised steel, and a timber-posted verandah. This is connected to a rear wing of similar age and appearance. Each of the gables is fronted by long finials with square bases; large brick chimney are also attached to the gables, which are in overpainted brick with broad backs and brick cornices, tapering in to the stacks. The timber gable finials, accentuated bargeboards and chimney details are broadly expressive of the Gothic Revival. The stepped chimneys and serrated ornamentation are prominent elements. The demountable block facing Church Street is a standard timber school room of the post-war period. The 1960s police station, at the Smith and Camp Streets corner, is also timber with vertical planking and a low pitched roof. Open landscaped areas are located to the south of the site and at the south-east corner. There is a large concrete area to the north of the buildings, and there are a number of freestanding lock-ups and demountables at the site, used for storage.

How is it significant?

The former police station and quarters at Kangaroo Flat is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance.

Why is it significant?

The former police station and quarters at Kangaroo Flat is of local historical, social and aesthetic/architectural significance. The property is of historical significance (Criterion A) as the focus of policing activity in Kangaroo Flat for a long period from 1883, albeit intermittently, having been closed between 1922 and 1963, and again between 1971 and 1974, before operations finally ceased in 2006. The disused facility recalls the early development of the township and the formalisation of the settlement in the build-up to the proclamation of Kangaroo Flat in 1886. The former police station and quarters is also historically significant as a surviving example of a standard Public Works Department design of a timber police station with quarters dating to the 1880s. The former police station is additionally of some local significance as the focus of police work and activity in Kangaroo Flat, over periods from the 1880s to 2006 (Criterion G). With regard to its aesthetic/architectural significance (Criterion E), and while it is a standard Public Works Department design for a timber police station with quarters of the period (1880s), and subsequently modified and extended, it remains a picturesque and highly detailed building which retains many of the original Gothic Revival architectural elements. These include the asymmetrical planning; striking combination of three transverse gables; gabled ends with long finials and accentuated bargeboards; and the stepped chimneys with tapered tops.

Recommendations The property is recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay. The extent of the Overlay is illustrated in the above map, reflecting the current property boundary. However, the focus of significance is on the 1880s building, and consideration could be given to reducing the Overlay extent to cover this building, a curtilage around it and the setbacks to Camp and Church streets. While the demountable classroom addition to the north-east and small freestanding police station (1963) to the south-west, provide evidence of the evolution of the property, these are not elements of heritage significance. The north of the site is also not of heritage value.

4 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Further research would assist in clarifying the extent to which other examples survive of the original nine double-fronted four-roomed police station and quarters complexes erected in Victoria during the 1880s.

External Paint Colours No

Internal Alterations Controls No

Tree Controls No

Outbuildings and fences exemptions No

Victorian Heritage Register No

Prohibited uses may be permitted No

Incorporated plan No

Aboriginal heritage place No

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Arnold, Bendigo; Its Environs; The Way It Was, Crown Castleton, Bendigo, 2003.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 13. 2 David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 14. 3 Bendigo Advertiser, cited in David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, p. 16. 4 Bruce Trethowan, The Public Works Department of Victoria 1851-1900: An Architectural History in Two Volumes, The Public Works Department of Victoria 1851-1900, volume 2. 5 ‘Gold Rush Days Recalled: New Station Opened at Kangaroo Flat,’ in Police Life, July 1963. 6 Pers comm., John Savage, Bendigo Police (Golden Square) and Adam Mornement, Lovell Chen, August 2010.

5 City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Name Former Reservoir View Hotel Reference in 1998 KF26 Marong Study

Address 229 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Map reference VicRoads 612 J7-G8 Flat

Building type Private residence (former Survey date June 2010 (external hotel) inspection only)

Date of By 1874 Recommendation Not recommended for construction inclusion in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay

Significance The former Reservoir Hotel is not of local heritage significance, and is not recommended for inclusion in the Heritage Overlay.

Left: Reservoir View Hotel, c. 1890s (Source: Photographic History of Kangaroo Flat, 1994, v. 1). Right: Former Reservoir View Hotel, east elevation.

Left: South elevation. Right: North elevation, with garden in foreground.

Aerial view, 2010 (Source: City of Greater Geelong).

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Intactness Good Fair  Poor

Heritage Status HV AHC NT

History Crusoe Gully (also known as Robinson Crusoe) was one of a number of mining settlements established in the area to the east of the Calder Highway and west of Lockwood during the 1850s. Others in the vicinity were Big Hill and Break O’Day.1 Crusoe Road was also one of the main roads through the area, connecting Lockwood and Kangaroo Flat. After the initial rushes, Crusoe Gully was sustained by the establishment of a reservoir. Andrew Logiannis (also recorded as Lagogiannis) purchased land at Crusoe (lot 23, section G, Parish of Sandhurst, Shire of Marong) on 29 April 1873. It was in this year that the Crusoe Reservoir was opened. Logiannis was working as a publican by 1874,2 and some time later ran a store in one of the rooms of the Reservoir View Hotel. The hotel, which is also referred to as the Crusoe View,3 was located near the Crusoe Inn (established in 1857) and in close proximity to the local cricket pitch. Boats for use on the reservoir could also be rented from the premises. Crusoe Gully had a population of c. 75 from the 1870s-1890s, from which point it increased to c. 130. Today the area previously known as Crusoe Gully is at the south of Kangaroo Flat. Boating on the reservoir was a popular pastime from c. 1880 until the hotel was de-licensed on 31 December 1908. Harry and George Miller subsequently lived there for many years. The property remains in use as a private residence.

Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes Victoria’s themes and sub-themes:  5.6: Entertaining and socialising  5.8: Working

Description & Integrity The former Reservoir View Hotel is located to the west of the Crusoe Reservoir. The property, much modified from its original 1870s form, comprises a single-storey brick building with an open landscaped setting to the north.

As pictured in the late nineteenth century (see page 1), the building had a two part verandah, parapeted on the two side bays to the south and with a concave roof on the three bays to the north. The main roof was pyramidal, accompanied by a single ridge transverse-pitch roof to the left, behind the parapet verandah. The face-brick walls were exposed. There was a substantial outbuilding or addition to the rear. As pictured, Crusoe Reservoir appears quite close – c. 30-40m from the hotel – much closer than it is today.

The earlier configuration of the hotel is difficult to read in the present building. The front doors were replaced in the Federation period or possibly later (c. 1905-1925) with basket-arched doors and have Federation or interwar door hardware. The door reveals, including the cambered fanlight lintels, appear older and match the flanking sash windows. The original double hung sash windows with their cambered soffits and simple block sills remain. The chimneys also have an early twentieth century appearance, being simple stacks with no cornices or bases of the type usual in the area and capped with bricks set on end, rather in the manner of 1920s bungalow designs. The verandah fascia has exposed rafters and a Federation appearance, and the exposed rafters continue around the sides of the original block. The verandah soffit has been boxed with plasterboard sheeting and sealed with battens. A door on the south side has been sheeted over with corrugated galvanised steel. The transverse pitched roof and its accompanying rooms have been removed, leaving only the pyramidal roof. The floor of the former hotel’s south end is still evident in the cleared space to the side of the current building, with a low cutting to the south side. The building’s brick and timber has been overpainted. Two stained timber bays were added to the north and south elevations, possibly in the 1970s; only the north bay survives. The outhouse to the north side is linked by a monopitch timber and corrugated galvanised steel roof to the house, providing a sheltered area.

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Comparative Analysis In its original form the Reservoir View Hotel compared with its contemporary counterparts in Kangaroo Flat, including the former Weighbridge Hotel (KF2) and the former Liverpool Arms Hotel (KF6), in having a fairly low pitched hipped roof and a lean-to verandah with timber posts. The windows were also typical of commercial buildings in main street frontages in the Kangaroo Flat area, as were the exposed brick walls. All the later treatment of the building, however, is more domestic in nature. The Federation or early twentieth century renewal of the doors facing the reservoir effectively recast the building as a house and the side bays probably added in the 1970s reinforced this residential character.

Assessment Against Criteria Amended Heritage Victoria Criteria

Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

The former Reservoir View Hotel at 229 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat, is of some historical interest as a former hotel which operated from the 1870s until 1908, in the isolated and small settlement known locally as Crusoe Gully. The area was initially a mining community, being sustained by its location on the main road between Lockwood and Kangaroo Flat and, from the early 1870s, by the construction of the Crusoe Reservoir. The hotel property was also a store, a not uncommon combination on the goldfields. The property has been in use as a private residence since 1908 and has been subject to multiple alterations.

Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the City of Greater Bendigo’s cultural history.

N/A

Criterion D: Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places or objects.

N/A

Criterion E: Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics in the context of the municipality.

As built, the former Reservoir View Hotel at 229 Crusoe Road was generally representative of mid- Victorian hotels, being of brick construction with a low-pitch hipped roof and a lean-to verandah. Alterations to the property over time have significantly compromised its original form, and the current building is only of very limited interest aesthetically.

Criterion F: Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

N/A

City of Greater Bendigo, Heritage Policy Citations Project Lovell Chen, 2010

Criterion H: Special association with life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in the City of Greater Bendigo’s history.

N/A

Statement of Significance The former Reservoir View Hotel at 229 Crusoe Road, Kangaroo Flat, is of some historical interest. It is a former hotel which operated from the 1870s until 1908, in the isolated and small settlement known locally as Crusoe Gully. The area was initially a mining community, being sustained by its location on the main road between Lockwood and Kangaroo Flat and, from the early 1870s, by the construction of the Crusoe Reservoir. The hotel property was also a store, a not uncommon combination on the goldfields. The property has been in use as a private residence since 1908, and has been subject to multiple alterations. Aesthetically, the original building was generally representative of mid-Victorian hotels. However alterations to the property over time have significantly compromised its original form, and the current building is of very limited interest aesthetically.

Recommendations The property is not recommended for inclusion in the Schedule to the Greater Bendigo Heritage Overlay.

Identified By Andrew Ward, 1998.

References Arnold, Bendigo; Its Environs; The Way It Was, Crown Castleton, Bendigo, 2003.

David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993.

Andrew Ward et al, City of Greater Bendigo Heritage Study (Marong) Study Area, Stage 2, 1998.

Specific: 1 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, the Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castelton Publishers, 2003, p. 55. 2 Shire of Marong rate books, 1874. See also, David Horsfall (ed), Kangaroo Flat, A History, Gold, Goats and Peppercorns, Back to Committee, 1993, pp.83-84. 3 Ken Arnold, Bendigo its Environs, the Way it Was, Volume 1, Crown Castelton Publishers, 2003, p. 63.