DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 8. Paleozoic Invertebrate Ichnology of Grand Canyon National Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 8. Paleozoic Invertebrate Ichnology of Grand Canyon National Park Chapter 8. Paleozoic Invertebrate Ichnology of Grand Canyon National Park By Anne E. Miller1, Lorenzo Marchetti2, Heitor Francischini3, and Spencer G. Lucas4 1Grand Canyon National Park 1824 S Thompson St, Suite 200 Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 2Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP / Burg Lichtenberg (Pfalz) Burgstraße 19 D-66871 Thallichtenberg, Germany 3Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 4New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 1801 Mountain Road N.W. Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87104 Introduction Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) encompasses an extensive stratigraphic record that typifies the evolution of diverse ecosystems and their inhabitants throughout the Paleozoic. The occurrence of invertebrate traces (ichnofossils) is not uncommon in these strata and represents direct evidence of interactions between the organisms and the substrates on which and/or in which they lived. During the Paleozoic, a diverse array of invertebrate groups were capable of producing trace fossils on or within the substrates where they lived, including arthropods (such as crustaceans, insects, arachnids, trilobites, and xiphosurans), mollusks (especially bivalves and mobile benthonic groups), brachiopods, cnidarians, echinoderms, various worm taxa (such as annelids and priapulids), and other rare taxa. Some ichnogenera are specific to ichnofacies that reflect the bathymetry and/or the depositional features of marine or terrestrial depositional environments (Seilacher 1964; Hunt and Lucas 1998, 2007; MacEachern et al. 2010). Certain ichnofacies encompass many different types of ichnogenera, depending on the depositional context of the formation. These groupings of ichnogenera model the organisms’ interaction with the sediment based on recurring behaviors and provide further interpretation of their depositional environments (MacEachern et al. 2010). They are reflected in most of the Grand Canyon’s Paleozoic strata and provide valuable information on the paleoecology of invertebrate organisms. Thus, protection of such trace fossils is crucial to advancing the field of ichnology and to enabling interpretation of the ancient environments represented by the strata exposed in the Grand Canyon. 277 Trace Fossil Classifications Trace fossils differ from body fossils in that they are classified by an organism’s behavior, rather than the organism’s anatomy (morphology). They are, quite literally, the record of interaction between an organism and its substrate. Thus, they are classified primarily by their trace morphology that reflects specific behavior, which can be related to the anatomy of the producer, especially for trackways (e.g., Bertling et al. 2006; Minter et al. 2007; Marchetti et al. 2019a). The morphology of a trace fossil is not only a reflection of the behavior of an organism and the nature of preservation, but it also variably reflects the anatomy of the producer (e.g., Minter et al. 2007). In particular, trackways record the foot structure and some other aspects of producer anatomy, whereas burrows do so less, in part because different organisms with very different anatomy can more readily produce the same burrow structure than they can produce the same kinds of trackways. This is why vertebrate ichnology, which mostly focuses on trackways, often treats the morphology consistent with the anatomy of the producer, but not the taxonomy of the producer, as a key element in ichnotaxonomy (e.g., Marchetti et al. 2019a). In invertebrate taxonomy, what can be called the problem of homeomorphy—same trace fossil structure, different producers—is more prevalent, so the emphasis in ichnotaxonomy is on morphological features indicative of behavior, rather than of producer anatomy. Invertebrate trace fossils are classified independent of the identity of their producer (and its taxonomy) using a binomial nomenclature (i.e., the ichnogeneric plus the ichnospecific epithets) analogous, but parallel to, the taxonomic classification of zootaxa (ICZN 1999). This is why the classification of trace fossils, or ichnotaxonomy, can be considered a parataxonomy. Ichnofamilies may be used to group ichnogenera into larger ichnotaxonomic groups, but they are generally less extensively studied and discussed than in the phylogenetic taxonomy of body fossils (Pemberton and Frey 1982). This is because ichnotaxonomy is separated from the taxonomic classification of zootaxa and has an ethological component (Pemberton and Frey 1982), therefore it is more difficult to group morphologies and assign categories that are a complex result of different behaviors and different anatomies. The list of valid ichnotaxa in a defined unit and/or locality is named an ichnoassociation, and the composition of an ichnoassociation can be used to define ichnodiversity. A further informal approach to trace fossil classification evaluates ichnodisparity (e.g., Buatois et al. 2017), which is the evaluation of the structural complexity of the ichnoassociations based on the number of architectural designs that are present. For such analysis, 79 architectural designs have been introduced that encompass 523 invertebrate-produced ichnogenera (Buatois et al. 2017). Seilacher (1964) created a broad ethological classification consisting of five major behavioral (ethological) categories for invertebrate traces that has since been expanded into 13 categories, plus some subordinate subcategories (MacEachern et al. 2010; Vallon et al. 2016). Seilacher’s (1964) original five comprise: Domichnia (dwelling), Fodinichnia (feeding), Pascichnia (grazing), Repichnia (locomotion), and Cubichnia (resting). The subsequently proposed additional groups comprise: Agrichnia (farming), Calichnia (brooding), Chemichnia (chemosymbiotic traces), Digestichnia 278 (digestion), Ecdysichnia (molting), Fixichnia (attachment), Fugichnia (escaping), and Praedichnia (predation) (MacEachern et al. 2010; Vallon et al. 2016). These behaviors seen in the trace fossil record reveal the way in which organisms respond to environmental changes such as climate, food resources, lithology, soil moisture, turbidity, water table fluctuations, and the energy of deposition (MacEachern et al. 2010). The dynamics of the depositional environment can be inferred based on the range of behavior present. However, the use of these ethological terms is rare among ichnologists, and behavior is more often described in simple descriptive terms (e.g., “feeding trace”, “dwelling trace”, etc.). One can also informally classify trace fossils on a toponomic basis (relationship to the sediment) in order to understand their orientation and preservation within the sediment. Seilacher (1964) differentiated full-relief trace fossils, occurring within the sediment, from semi-relief traces, which are preserved along bedding surfaces. He grouped the semi-relief traces as epirelief (top surface of a bed) and hyporelief (bottom surface of a bed), in which they each can be concave (mold) or convex (cast). Martinsson (1970) went further and created four general groups of toponomic classification: endichnia, epichnia, exichnia, and hypichnia. Endichnia refers to traces within the medium, similar to Seilacher’s (1964) full-relief traces. Epichnia refers to ridges or grooves on the top surface of a bed. The opposite is hypichnia, referring to ridges or grooves on the bottom surface of a bed. Exichnia refers to traces that have been filled in with sediment different from the surrounding medium. Trace fossils reflect behavioral adaptations to specific environmental conditions. Some ichnotaxa are restricted to environmental settings or even to particular lithofacies. Therefore, ichnoassociations will be recurrent over geologic time whenever the respective environmental conditions recur. These ideas were used by Seilacher (1964) as the foundation for the concept of ichnofacies. Ichnofacies are distinct and recurrent (in space and time) associations of fossil traces (ichnoassociations) that reflect specific combinations of the organisms’ responses to particular environmental conditions (MacEachern et al. 2007). In his seminal work, Seilacher (1964) recognized six archetypical ichnofacies, based on associations of invertebrate traces: Skolithos Ichnofacies, Cruziana Ichnofacies, Zoophycos Ichnofacies, Nereites Ichnofacies, Glossifungites Ichnofacies, and Scoyenia Ichnofacies. Among them, only the last one is present in continental settings. This framework was consequently expanded so that nine other invertebrate ichnofacies were proposed: Celliforma Ichnofacies, Coprinisphaera Ichnofacies, Cubiculum Ichnofacies, Octopodichnus–Entradichnus Ichnofacies, Palaeoscolytus Ichnofacies, Psilonichnus Ichnofacies, Teredolites Ichnofacies, Termitchnus Ichnofacies, and Trypanites Ichnofacies (MacEachern et al. 2007; Hunt and Lucas 2007; Lucas 2016). These new ichnofacies recognize greater ichnofaciological diversity in continental settings than was known to Seilacher (1964), and thus represent a more diverse array of environmental settings (paleosols, eolian dunes, supratidal deposits, etc.). The following will discuss the ichnological record of some units from the Grand Canyon in the light of the ichnofacies paradigm, but more complete and updated information on ichnofacies in general can be found in MacEachern et al. (2012). Ichnology is essential in providing missing paleoecological information for those organisms whose fossilized bodies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biostratigraphic Precision of the Cruziana Rugosa Group: a Study from the Ordovician Succession of Southern and Central Bolivia
    Geol. Mag. 144 (2), 2007, pp. 289–303. c 2007 Cambridge University Press 289 doi:10.1017/S0016756807003093 First published online 9 February 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom Biostratigraphic precision of the Cruziana rugosa group: a study from the Ordovician succession of southern and central Bolivia SVEN O. EGENHOFF∗, BERND WEBER†, OLIVER LEHNERT‡ &JORG¨ MALETZ§ ∗Colorado State University, Department of Geosciences, 322 Natural Resources Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1482, USA †Freie Universitat¨ Berlin, Institut fur¨ Geologische Wissenschaften, Fachrichtung Geologie, Malteserstrasse 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany ‡University of Erlangen, Institute of Geology and Mineralogie, Schlossgarten 5, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany §Department of Geology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 772 Natural Sciences and Mathematics Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260-3050, USA (Received 10 October 2005; revised version received 1 May 2006; accepted 22 May 2006) Abstract – Cruziana ichnospecies have been repeatedly reported to have biostratigraphic significance. This study presents a re-evaluation of the arthropod ichnotaxa of the Cruziana rugosa Group from bio- and/or lithostratigraphically well-defined Lower to Upper Ordovician siliciclastic sections of southern and central Bolivia. With the exception of Cruziana rouaulti, the ichnofaunas contain all the members of the Cruziana rugosa Group throughout the Ordovician (Arenig to Caradoc) successions in Bolivia. The Bolivian material therefore indicates that these arthropod ichnofossil assemblages are suitable for recognizing Ordovician strata in Bolivia. These findings cast doubt on their use as reliable indicators for a global intra-Ordovician (Arenig to Caradoc) biozonation of Peri-Gondwanan sedimentary successions. Keywords: Cruziana, biostratigraphy, Bolivia, Ordovician. 1. Introduction to the present study.
    [Show full text]
  • People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: a Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada
    Portland State University PDXScholar Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations Anthropology 2012 People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada Douglas Deur Portland State University, [email protected] Deborah Confer University of Washington Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Deur, Douglas and Confer, Deborah, "People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada" (2012). Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations. 98. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac/98 This Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Pacific West Region: Social Science Series National Park Service Publication Number 2012-01 U.S. Department of the Interior PEOPLE OF SNOWY MOUNTAIN, PEOPLE OF THE RIVER: A MULTI-AGENCY ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW AND COMPENDIUM RELATING TO TRIBES ASSOCIATED WITH CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA 2012 Douglas Deur, Ph.D. and Deborah Confer LAKE MEAD AND BLACK CANYON Doc Searls Photo, Courtesy Wikimedia Commons
    [Show full text]
  • Trip Planner
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Grand Canyon National Park Grand Canyon, Arizona Trip Planner Table of Contents WELCOME TO GRAND CANYON ................... 2 GENERAL INFORMATION ............................... 3 GETTING TO GRAND CANYON ...................... 4 WEATHER ........................................................ 5 SOUTH RIM ..................................................... 6 SOUTH RIM SERVICES AND FACILITIES ......... 7 NORTH RIM ..................................................... 8 NORTH RIM SERVICES AND FACILITIES ......... 9 TOURS AND TRIPS .......................................... 10 HIKING MAP ................................................... 12 DAY HIKING .................................................... 13 HIKING TIPS .................................................... 14 BACKPACKING ................................................ 15 GET INVOLVED ................................................ 17 OUTSIDE THE NATIONAL PARK ..................... 18 PARK PARTNERS ............................................. 19 Navigating Trip Planner This document uses links to ease navigation. A box around a word or website indicates a link. Welcome to Grand Canyon Welcome to Grand Canyon National Park! For many, a visit to Grand Canyon is a once in a lifetime opportunity and we hope you find the following pages useful for trip planning. Whether your first visit or your tenth, this planner can help you design the trip of your dreams. As we welcome over 6 million visitors a year to Grand Canyon, your
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon
    CHAPTER 2 PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE GRAND CANYON PAIGE KERCHER INTRODUCTION The Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon is defined as the time between 542 and 251 million years before the present (ICS 2010). The Paleozoic Era began with the evolution of most major animal phyla present today, sparked by the novel adaptation of skeletal hard parts. Organisms continued to diversify throughout the Paleozoic into increasingly adaptive and complex life forms, including the first vertebrates, terrestrial plants and animals, forests and seed plants, reptiles, and flying insects. Vast coal swamps covered much of mid- to low-latitude continental environments in the late Paleozoic as the supercontinent Pangaea began to amalgamate. The hardiest taxa survived the multiple global glaciations and mass extinctions that have come to define major time boundaries of this era. Paleozoic North America existed primarily at mid to low latitudes and experienced multiple major orogenies and continental collisions. For much of the Paleozoic, North America’s southwestern margin ran through Nevada and Arizona – California did not yet exist (Appendix B). The flat-lying Paleozoic rocks of the Grand Canyon, though incomplete, form a record of a continental margin repeatedly inundated and vacated by shallow seas (Appendix A). IMPORTANT STRATIGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS • Principle of Original Horizontality – In most cases, depositional processes produce flat-lying sedimentary layers. Notable exceptions include blanketing ash sheets, and cross-stratification developed on sloped surfaces. • Principle of Superposition – In an undisturbed sequence, older strata lie below younger strata; a package of sedimentary layers youngs upward. • Principle of Lateral Continuity – A layer of sediment extends laterally in all directions until it naturally pinches out or abuts the walls of its confining basin.
    [Show full text]
  • FALL 2017 President’S Reflections
    PriscumPriscum NEWSLETTER OF THE VOLUME 24, ISSUE 1 President’s Reflections Paleobiology, the finances of both journals appear secure for INSIDE THIS ISSUE: the foreseeable future, and with a much-improved online presence for both journals. To be sure, more work lies ahead, Report on Student but we are collaborating with Cambridge to expand our au- 3 Diversity and Inclusion thor and reader bases, and, more generally, to monitor the ever-evolving publishing landscape. Our partnership with The Dry Dredgers of 10 Cambridge is providing additional enhancements for our Cincinnati, Ohio members, including the digitization of the Society’s entire archive of special publications; as of this writing, all of the PS Embraces the 13 Hydrologic Cycle Society’s short course volumes are now available through the member’s portal, and all remaining Society publications will be made available soon. We are also exploring an exciting PS Events at 2017 GSA 14 new outlet through Cambridge for all future Special Publica- By Arnie Miller (University of tions. Stay tuned! Book Reviews 15 Cincinnati), President In my first year as President, the Society has continued to These are challenging times for move forward on multiple fronts, as we actively explore and Books Available for 28 scientists and for the profes- pursue new means to carry out our core missions of enhanc- Review Announcement sional societies that represent ing and broadening the reach of our science and of our Socie- them. In the national political ty, and providing expanded developmental opportunities for arena, scientific findings, policies, and funding streams that all of our members.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization and Hydraulic Behaviour of the Complex Karst of the Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park, USA
    Characterization and hydraulic behaviour of the complex karst of the Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park, USA CASEY J. R. JONES1, ABRAHAM E. SPRINGER1*, BENJAMIN W. TOBIN2, SARAH J. ZAPPITELLO2 & NATALIE A. JONES2 1School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, NAU Box 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA 2Grand Canyon National Park, National Park Service, 1824 South Thompson Street, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park in the USA contain both shallow and deep karst systems, which interact in ways that are not well known, although recent studies have allowed better interpretations of this unique system. Detailed characterization of sinkholes and their distribution on the surface using geographical information system and LiDAR data can be used to relate the infiltration points to the overall hydrogeological system. Flow paths through the deep regional geological structure were delineated using non-toxic fluorescent dyes. The flow character- istics of the coupled aquifer system were evaluated using hydrograph recession curve analysis via discharge data from Roaring Springs, the sole source of the water supply for the Grand Canyon National Park. The interactions between these coupled surface and deep karst systems are complex and challenging to understand. Although the surface karst behaves in much the same way as karst in other similar regions, the deep karst has a base flow recession coefficient an order of magnitude lower than many other karst aquifers throughout the world. Dye trace analysis reveals rapid, con- duit-dominated flow that demonstrates fracture connectivity along faults between the surface and deep karst.
    [Show full text]
  • PROGRAMME ABSTRACTS AGM Papers
    The Palaeontological Association 63rd Annual Meeting 15th–21st December 2019 University of Valencia, Spain PROGRAMME ABSTRACTS AGM papers Palaeontological Association 6 ANNUAL MEETING ANNUAL MEETING Palaeontological Association 1 The Palaeontological Association 63rd Annual Meeting 15th–21st December 2019 University of Valencia The programme and abstracts for the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Palaeontological Association are provided after the following information and summary of the meeting. An easy-to-navigate pocket guide to the Meeting is also available to delegates. Venue The Annual Meeting will take place in the faculties of Philosophy and Philology on the Blasco Ibañez Campus of the University of Valencia. The Symposium will take place in the Salon Actos Manuel Sanchis Guarner in the Faculty of Philology. The main meeting will take place in this and a nearby lecture theatre (Salon Actos, Faculty of Philosophy). There is a Metro stop just a few metres from the campus that connects with the centre of the city in 5-10 minutes (Line 3-Facultats). Alternatively, the campus is a 20-25 minute walk from the ‘old town’. Registration Registration will be possible before and during the Symposium at the entrance to the Salon Actos in the Faculty of Philosophy. During the main meeting the registration desk will continue to be available in the Faculty of Philosophy. Oral Presentations All speakers (apart from the symposium speakers) have been allocated 15 minutes. It is therefore expected that you prepare to speak for no more than 12 minutes to allow time for questions and switching between presenters. We have a number of parallel sessions in nearby lecture theatres so timing will be especially important.
    [Show full text]
  • Continental Invertebrate and Plant Trace Fossils in Space and Time: State of the Art and Prospects
    48 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CONTINENTAL ICHNOLOGY, ABSTRACT VOLUME & FIELD TRIP GUIDE Continental invertebrate and plant trace fossils in space and time: State of the art and prospects M. GABRIELA MANGANO1 *, LUIS A. BUATOIS1 1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2, Canada * presenting author, [email protected] Continental invertebrate ichnology has experienced a substantial development during the last quarter of century. From being a field marginal to mainstream marine ichnology, represented by a handful of case studies, continental ichnology has grown to occupy a central position within the field of ani- mal-substrate interactions. This evolution is illustrated not only through the accumulation of ichnolog- ic information nurtured by neoichnologic observations and a detailed scrutiny of ancient continental successions, but also through the establishment of new concepts and methodologies. From an ichnofacies perspective, various recurrent associations were defined B( UATOIS & MÁNGANO 1995; GENISE et al. 2000, 2010, 2016; HUNT & LUCAS 2007; EKDALE et al. 2007; KRAPOVICKAS et al. 2016), a situation sharply contrasting with the sole recognition of the Scoyenia ichnofacies as the only valid one during the seventies and eighties (Table 1; Fig. 1). The ichnofacies model now includes not only freshwater ich- nofacies, but also terrestrial ones, most notably those reflecting the complex nature of paleosol trace fossils (GENISE 2017). Trace fossils are now being increasingly used to establish a chronology of the colonization of the land and to unravel the patterns and processes involved in the occupation of ecospace in continental set- tings (e.g. BUATOIS & MÁNGANO 1993; BUATOIS et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Kenney Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon
    Michael Kenney Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon The Paleozoic Era spans about 250 Myrs of Earth History from 541 Ma to 254 Ma (Figure 1). Within Grand Canyon National Park, there is a fragmented record of this time, which has undergone little to no deformation. These still relatively flat-lying, stratified layers, have been the focus of over 100 years of geologic studies. Much of what we know today began with the work of famed naturalist and geologist, Edwin Mckee (Beus and Middleton, 2003). His work, in addition to those before and after, have led to a greater understanding of sedimentation processes, fossil preservation, the evolution of life, and the drastic changes to Earth’s climate during the Paleozoic. This paper seeks to summarize, generally, the Paleozoic strata, the environments in which they were deposited, and the sources from which the sediments were derived. Tapeats Sandstone (~525 Ma – 515 Ma) The Tapeats Sandstone is a buff colored, quartz-rich sandstone and conglomerate, deposited unconformably on the Grand Canyon Supergroup and Vishnu metamorphic basement (Middleton and Elliott, 2003). Thickness varies from ~100 m to ~350 m depending on the paleotopography of the basement rocks upon which the sandstone was deposited. The base of the unit contains the highest abundance of conglomerates. Cobbles and pebbles sourced from the underlying basement rocks are common in the basal unit. Grain size and bed thickness thins upwards (Middleton and Elliott, 2003). Common sedimentary structures include planar and trough cross-bedding, which both decrease in thickness up-sequence. Fossils are rare but within the upper part of the sequence, body fossils date to the early Cambrian (Middleton and Elliott, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • 001-012 Primeras Páginas
    PUBLICACIONES DEL INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO DE ESPAÑA Serie: CUADERNOS DEL MUSEO GEOMINERO. Nº 9 ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH IN ADVANCES ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH IN ADVANCES planeta tierra Editors: I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and Ciencias de la Tierra para la Sociedad D. García-Bellido 9 788478 407590 MINISTERIO MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN E INNOVACIÓN ADVANCES IN TRILOBITE RESEARCH Editors: I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and D. García-Bellido Instituto Geológico y Minero de España Madrid, 2008 Serie: CUADERNOS DEL MUSEO GEOMINERO, Nº 9 INTERNATIONAL TRILOBITE CONFERENCE (4. 2008. Toledo) Advances in trilobite research: Fourth International Trilobite Conference, Toledo, June,16-24, 2008 / I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and D. García-Bellido, eds.- Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, 2008. 448 pgs; ils; 24 cm .- (Cuadernos del Museo Geominero; 9) ISBN 978-84-7840-759-0 1. Fauna trilobites. 2. Congreso. I. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, ed. II. Rábano,I., ed. III Gozalo, R., ed. IV. García-Bellido, D., ed. 562 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher. References to this volume: It is suggested that either of the following alternatives should be used for future bibliographic references to the whole or part of this volume: Rábano, I., Gozalo, R. and García-Bellido, D. (eds.) 2008. Advances in trilobite research. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Fullerton Arboretum Friday, April 22, 2016
    Department of Geological Sciences California State University, Fullerton Fullerton Arboretum Friday, April 22, 2016 The Department of Geological Sciences at California State University, Fullerton is an interdisciplinary education and research community whose members are active mentors and role-models. Our mission is to provide a student-centered educational and research experience that emphasizes critical thinking, communication, and scientific citizenship. ‘Research Day’ is an extension of this mission, where students are afforded the opportunity to share their research findings and scientific experiences with faculty, student peers, friends, family, and members of the professional geological community in an informal and supportive environment. Thank you for participating in this year’s event! 7th Annual Geology Research Day California State University, Fullerton ~ Department of Geological Sciences Fullerton Arboretum April 22, 2016 Abstract Volume Table of Contents Undergraduate Proposal Category EXAMINING THE GEOCHEMICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TWENTYNINE PALMS AND QUEEN MOUNTAIN PLUTONS IN JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK Student: Alexander Arita Faculty Advisor: Dr. Vali Memeti EXPLORING THE MOJAVE-SNOW LAKE FAULT HYPOTHESIS USING LASER- INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY Student: Eduardo Chavez Faculty Advisor: Dr. Vali Memeti INVESTIGATING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN SEDIMENTATION ON INTERTIDAL MUDFLATS Student: Dulce Cortez Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joseph Carlin A PALEOECOLOGY OF PLEISTOCENE OYSTER BEDS, SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA Student: Ditmar, Kutcher, Rue Faculty Advisor: Dr. Nicole Bonuso USING K-FELDSPAR MEGACRYSTS AS RECORDERS OF MAGMA PROCESSES IN THE TWENTYNINE PALMS PLUTON IN JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK Student: Lizzeth Flores Urita Faculty Advisor: Dr. Vali Memeti ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CARBON ANALYSES OF SHALLOW SEDIMENTS AT OVERFLOW LAKE, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA. Student: Shayne Fontenot Faculty Advisor: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Ecology, Macroevolution and More by Michelle M
    Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Ecology, Macroevolution and More By Michelle M. Casey1, Perry Kennard2, and Bruce S. Lieberman1, 3 1Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, 2Earth Science Teacher, Southwest Middle School, USD497, and 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 Middle level laboratory exercise for Earth or General Science; supported provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-1256993 and EF-1206757. Learning Goals and Pedagogy This lab is designed for middle level General Science or Earth Science classes. The learning goals for this lab are the following: 1) to familiarize students with the anatomy and terminology relating to trilobites; 2) to give students experience identifying morphologic structures on real fossil specimens 3) to highlight major events or trends in the evolutionary history and ecology of the Trilobita; and 4) to expose students to the study of macroevolution in the fossil record using trilobites as a case study. Introduction to the Trilobites The Trilobites are an extinct subphylum of the Arthropoda (the most diverse phylum on earth with nearly a million species described). Arthropoda also contains all fossil and living crustaceans, spiders, and insects as well as several other extinct groups. The trilobites were an extremely important and diverse type of marine invertebrates that lived during the Paleozoic Era. They only lived in the oceans but occurred in all types of marine environments, and ranged in size from less than a centimeter to almost a meter across. They were once one of the most successful of all animal groups and in certain fossil deposits, especially in the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Devonian periods, they are extremely abundant.
    [Show full text]