Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage Development Consent Order

Appendix 7.8 Chambers, S.P. (2012) Glyn Rhonwy Slate Quarries, Llanberis – Survey

Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage Final Environmental Statement Volume September Development Consent Order 3 2015

Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage Final Environmental Statement Volume September Development Consent Order 3 2015

This Appendix was previously submitted as part of the 2012 Environmental Statement. Where there are references to Quarry Battery Company (QBC), this now relates to Snowdonia Pumped Hydro (SPH) as this Appendix is submitted in support of the Development Consent Order (DCO) application.

Glyn Rhonwy Pumped Storage Final Environmental Statement Volume September Development Consent Order 3 2015

Glyn Rhonwy Slate Quarries, Llanberis – Lichen Survey. S. P. Chambers.

Background

Lichen habitats associated with the extensive abandoned Glyn Rhonwy slate quarries were surveyed over two days in October 2011 and February 2012. Most are diminutive organisms, the majority of individual thalli occurring at sub- centimetre to centimetre scale. This is especially true of saxicolous crustose species. The topographic complexity of the site coupled with its relative vast size at this small scale and the near-infinite surface area of the extensive slate waste tips means the survey should not be considered comprehensive or complete. Applying experience gained from surveying similar rock waste-dominated metal-mine habitats in Wales a targeted sampling approach was adopted. Promising habitat-type loci were selected by eye for sampling and close study during walkover survey. As a percentage of the total available substrate surface the areas investigated were small and necessarily selective but representative of overall habitat diversity and the findings should paint a reasonably accurate picture of the lichen flora of the site.

Areas supporting notable species, or assemblages of species typifying a habitat, were located in the field with a handheld Garmin 12-channel GPS providing 10-figure Grid Refs accurate to c. 8-14m. In the report notable species are shown emboldened and their conservation status given in Table 1.

Taxonomy and nomenclature follows Smith et al. (2009), updated since by published changes in the biannual bulletins of the British Lichen Society.

Results

Exposed fragments, flats and larger slabs of purple slate around the upper south to southwest rim of QV1 supported a range of saxicoles characteristic of well-insolated, smooth, hard, acid siliceous rock. Lichen cover on individual stone fragments was highly variable, ranging from c.1-2% to c.30% maximum, the highest cover values developed in more sheltered declivities and canyons running down tip sides. From standing height the majority of slate pieces appeared superficially ‘bare’.

Common species typifying the habitat included geographicum, R.lecanorinum (generally rarer than R.geographicum, but more common very locally on hotter, S-facing aspects), R.reductum, Fuscidea lygaea, Lecanora polytropa, Buellia aethalea, B.ocellata, Polysporina simplex, Porpidia crustulata, P.soredizodes, P.tuberculosa (occasionally fertile on damper pieces), Scoliciosporum umbrinum (chasmolithic in fissures) & Trapelia obtegens. A number of rarer species were also present in this habitat, including the Nationally Scarce Rimularia badioatra and R.intercedens. Both these Rimularia species occurred on slate fragments set in a Calluna-Erica heath mosaic at GR (GPS) SH5514659859, alt 390m. Other less frequent associates included Aspicilia grisea, Catillaria atomarioides & Lecidea swartzioidea (some large thalli on more stable larger slabs). Pertusaria lactea was

unusually frequent in places on flat angular blocks, often entirely dominating block surfaces to the exclusion of all other species. The environmentally harsh slate 1 surface substrate often reduced thalli of common species, for example Buellia Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

aethalea, , R.lecanorinum & R.reductum, down to radiating fimbriate black prothalline threads.

Damp peaty ground between patches of Calluna – bryophyte heath around the top of the void had rufus, diversa, baeomyces, Micarea leprosula, M.lignaria & Trapelia glebulosa, while pockets of drier U1 acid grassland held Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis, C.pyxidata & Peltigera hymenina. Large slate slabs in a section of derelict wall had Lecidea fuscoatra, Parmelia saxatilis (also terricolous hereabouts over consolidated slate fragments) & Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. vesuvianum. A suite of common calcicoles was recorded from the top of a low concrete structure in Calluna heath, including Caloplaca citrina, Candelariella aurella, Catillaria chalybeia, Lecanora campestris, Protoblastenia rupestris, Verrucaria hochstetteri, V.macrostoma & V.muralis. In the heath above, at GR (GPS) SH55091.59972, alt 395m, the under-recorded and only recently recognised in Britain Caloplaca asserigena was noted on sprig bilberry stems in sheep-grazed mossy Vaccinium myrtillus – Calluna heath, a new phorophyte for the species, associated with Fuscidea lightfootii and Lecanora symmicta on scurfy leaf axil scars on green stems.

One of the richest areas for photophillic saxicoles was located just above here on the S-facing slope of a slate tip, centred on GR (GPS) SH55062.59991, alt 395m. Large slab-like slate pieces, c. 1-2ft across, had Miriquidica leucophaea (rare), Placopsis lambii, Rimularia intercedens (very locally frequent over area c.5 x 8m at foot of tip slope, seen on at least 20+ slabs making it perhaps one of the best populations in Britain), Schaereria fuscocinerea, Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. nodulosum, Tephromela atra, Xanthoparmelia mougeotii (locally frequent on some slabs and associated with Rimularia intercedens) & X.conspersa. Of particular note was the Red Data Book Protoparmelia atriseda, a species whose British stronghold appears to be through central and N.Wales. Its tiny (c.3-5mm diam.), glossy, convex, shiny brown areoles were seen on and around thalli of its primary host Rhizocarpon geographicum (and once on R.lecanorinum),on four steeply inclined S-facing slate slabs near the middle of the tip slope and likely present on more. The lichenicolous Polycoccum squamarioides was seen on Placopsis lambii.

Rimularia intercedens occurred on flat, well-lit shale pieces right the way along the S side of QV1. Protoparmelia badia was noted once on the edge of a flat slate slab in an area of waste rock.

A steep, but stable, SE-facing tip slope, at GR (GPS) SH55244.59989, with an exceptionally good cover of lichens, including abundant Rhizocarpon geographicum and R.lecanorinum, represented a prime example of the slate tip lichen community at peak development. Protoparmelia atriseda was again noted here in trace amount on three slabs, together with Catillaria atomarioides, Lecanora intricata, Miriquidica leucophaea, Rimularia intercedens, Schaereria fuscocinerea &Tephromela atra. Shaded N-facing damper tip sides with more bryophyte cover, especially of Racomitrium lanuginosum, held fewer interesting lichens and were typically

dominated by common Pertusaria and Porpidia species. However, at GR (GPS)

SH55256.59984, a damp, mildly basic block at the foot of a N-facing tip slope had a 2

minute streak of Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis. Also here were Ionaspis lacustris, Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

Micarea coppinsii, M.peliocarpa, Pertusaria pseudocorallina, Porpidia cinereoatra and a small patch of Porpidia striata. The dusty moist edge of a slate had Lecidella scabra. The tops of large boulders sitting in grassland between tips had Melanelixia fuliginosa, M.glabratula, Umbilicaria polyphylla (one small weak colony), Lecidea lithophila, L.plana (seen on three) & Micarea coppinsii. Dry to damp heathland patches supported common Cladonia species, with C.arbuscula (very locally frequent), C.ciliata var. ciliata, C.floerkeana, C.furcata, C.gracilis (rare), C.macilenta, C.portentosa, C.subcervicornis & C.uncialis ssp. biuncialis. Cetraria aculeata was rare in this community. Sheep-nibbled Bilberry twigs in the heath had more Caloplaca asserigena, Hypotrachyna revoluta & Fellhanera bouteillei. An excellent area of damp lichen-heath, supporting abundant Cladonia arbuscula, occurred on the E-facing side of a shaded gully over well-vegetated small slate tips at the NE end of QV1 at GR (GPS) SH55312.60125. Nearby an enriched (from perching birds) boulder top had Acarospora fuscata, Candelariella coralliza, Parmelia sulcata (hosting Marchandiomyces corallinus), Pertusaria pseudocorallina & Protoparmelia badia.

Species recorded from wooden fence posts around the workings included Fuscidea lightfootii, Hypogymnia physodes, H.tubulosa, Jamesiella anastomosans, Lecanora aitema, L.pulicaris, L.symmicta, Micarea denigrata (macropycnidial anamorph), Parmelia saxatilis, P.sulcata, Placynthiella icmalea, Trapeliopsis flexuosa, Usnea florida, U.subfloridana & Xanthoria candelaria.

At GR (GPS) SH55503.60422, on the N side of QV2, shale fragments lying on a slope had Placopsis lambii & Rimularia badioatra.

Accessible rock substrates on the interior of QV2 were inspected where possible, though the vast majority of faces in all QVs were physically out of reach. Moist bryophyte mats on heathy slopes had Cryptodiscus (Bryophagus) gloeocapsa, Micarea botryoides, M.lignaria & Trapeliopsis granulosa. Damp peaty ledges had Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa. Localised crevices of surprisingly basic slate (with Asplenium adiantum-nigrum) had Pertusaria lactea, while more acidic faces had species-poor Fuscideetum communities, with Buellia aethalea, Fuscidea cyathoides & Rhizocarpon geographicum. The usually epiphytic Normandina pulchella was seen growing over Frullania in a seepage-trickle in one place on the N side of the void. Shale fragments on a scree slope had frequent Placopsis lambii. A damp block of a non-slate siliceous rock type had small amounts of Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis. On the NW side of the central part of the void it proved possible to safely reach and inspect the main high face. Dry parts yielded Fuscidea praeruptorum & F.recensa, while a distinctly metal-rich ochraceous-ferruginous section, no larger than c. 1 x 1 ft, produced dispersed areolar specks of Lecanora epanora (an obligate metallophyte), Myriospora smaragdula & Scoliciosporum umbrinum. Conspicuous metal (iron)-rich weeps on a face further along, c. 30m to the SW, had more Lecanora epanora and other metallophytes, including Rhizocarpon oederi & Stereocaulon pileatum, all in tiny quantity. Lecanora epanora was also visible at the rear of a recessed, horizontal, c. 6ft high, rock layer prominent in the face here, on a

crumbly-textured iron-rich rock contrasting with the surrounding harder slates, but

the exposure was too dangerous to reach and inspect safely. 3 Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

The basic influence in the slate rock in QV2 appeared to strengthen with increasing depth and may be related in part to wet flushing. On the S side, a slightly basic ledge below a water seep had fertile scrappy mats of Peltigera membranacea, a dog-lichen of mesotrophic-type grasslands, and sterile squamules of Agonimia tristicula over cyanobacterial films. A sheltered, NE-facing, damp face on a pinnacle of rock (with colony of Asplenium trichomanes) had Lepraria vouauxii and fertile Lecidella scabra. Nearby, a damp, neutral-sub-basic boulder on a scree slope had Rhizocarpon lavatum & Trapelia coarctata and on the well-lit dry side Rhizocarpon distinctum. Across a narrow rock isthmus, a part-flushed rib had common species indicative of neutral rock, including Catillaria chalybeia, Pertusaria lactea & Trapelia placodioides.

Down in the depths of QV2 at the NE end, c. 30m W of the adit entrance, a high, flushed, decidedly basic, dark dank vertical face had species indicative of weakly calcareous rock, including Agonimia tristicula (over lumps of cyanobacterial jelly), Protoblastenia rupestris, , Trapelia placodioides, together with tiny, fragmentary, poorly developed lobes of Collema cristatum var. marginale, a strict calcicole usually found on pure limestone. The face also had irregular white patches of a crustose species later identified as the common Phlyctis argena, occurring here over damp moribund soily bryophyte mats. Just W of the adit entrance a damp N-facing slate face had extensive dark fuzzy wefts of a species tentatively (and provisionally) identified as Thermutis velutina, a rarely recorded and highly critical blue-green cyanobacterial lichen outwardly identical (when sterile) to certain genera of non-lichenised filamentous free-living cyanobacteria, e.g. Scytonema, from which it cannot be distinguished without microscopic examination. Material appeared to have the required haustorial hyphae and the collection is currently with a referee.

Scattered thorn bushes and Rowan trees occurred over the upper parts of the site, with more extensive areas of scrub woodland present particularly around the southern sides of QVs 3a-5. Peripheral areas of QV6 had more continuous areas of scrub and woodland. Epiphytic habitats were not studied in any detail and the wooded areas around QV6 were not surveyed as time was prioritised for rock habitats. Young trees and scrub, mostly Fraxinus excelsior, Crataegus monogyna, Sorbus aucuparia, Betula and Salix, had common epiphytes, including Arthonia didyma, A.radiata, Arthopyrenia analepta, A.punctiformis, Buellia griseovirens, Candelariella reflexa, Cladonia coniocraea, Evernia prunastri, Flavoparmelia caperata, Fuscidea lightfootii, Graphis elegans, Hypogymnia physodes, H.tubulosa, Hypotrachyna revoluta, Lecanora chlarotera, Lecidella elaeochroma, Lepraria lobificans, Melanelixia glabratula, M.subaurifera, Normandina pulchella, Opegrapha atra, Parmelia saxatilis, P.sulcata, Parmotrema perlatum, Peltigera membranacea (on Ash trunk base and terricolous on grassy mounds around), Physcia aipolia, P.tenella, Placynthiella dasaea, Punctelia subrudecta, Ramalina farinacea & Xanthoria parietina. The Nationally Scarce (though very under-recorded) Halecania viridescens was seen (sterile) on a Willow twig on the S side of QV5.

A cryptogam-colonised mossy tarmac track beside the fence on the S side of QV5

had Aspicilia caesiocinerea, Buellia aethalea, Candelariella vitellina, Catillaria chalybeia, Porpidia soredizodes, Rhizocarpon reductum, Scoliciosporum umbrinum 4

(on tar-coated chips), Trapelia glebulosa & Xanthoparmelia conspersa. Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

At GR (GPS) SH56461.60626, well-lit slates on the S-facing side of a tip slope by QV5, just in from the fence, were sparsely colonised by dispersed thalli and more continuous patches of Buellia ocellata, Polysporina simplex, Lecanora stenotropa, Lecidea swartzioidea (good amounts on some slab faces), Rhizocarpon geographicum, R.lecanorinum, Tremolecia atrata and a few small thin patches of Lecidea plana. A well-lit slate fragment had Catillaria atomarioides. At the foot of the tip damp mossy wads and acid soil between slate blocks had , Cladonia pyxidata, Micarea leprosula & Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa. More sheltered slab sides in an E-facing gully above had sterile thin thalli of Fuscidea cyathoides. A siliceous boulder had Fuscidea lygaea and Myriospora (Acarospora/Silobia) smaragdula. Though never abundant, Buellia ocellata was much more frequent than B.aethalea on sun-exposed waste slate across the site, often occurring in association with Polysporina simplex.

On the S edge of QV5 a flat terrace-like expanse of very dry NVC U1-type acid (to neutral, with Thymus polytrichus) grassland, with sparse Calluna and Erica cinerea, had Catillaria atomarioides (on slate pieces), Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis (carpets locally, associated with Polytrichum piliferum), C.furcata, C.ciliata var. ciliata, C.portentosa & Peltigera hymenina. Slightly damper areas with deeper bryophyte carpets had Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis & terricolous thalli of Parmelia saxatilis. Xanthoparmelia conspersa was very locally conspicuous on flat slate pieces. At GR (GPS) SH56473.60686 the lichenicolous Roselliniella cladoniae was collected on moribund Cladonia portentosa. Also in the vicinity a distinctly base-rich slope with mats of Thymus polytrichus associated with a crumbling low wall terrace had terricolous sterile squamules of Agonimia tristicula.

A short distance to the W, at GR (GPS) SH56461.60626, a good, steeply W-facing tip slope appeared slightly less xeric, perhaps from interception of rainfall. Large slate slabs here had, inter alia, Pertusaria lactea, Rhizocarpon lavatum & frequent (on some slabs) Rimularia badioatra. To the N, at GR (GPS) SH56406.60633, a clitter-like tip slope of massive slate blocks (some boulder-sized, c. 3-5ft across),with deep sheltered recesses, had Opegrapha gyrocarpa (fertile), Melanelixia glabratula (large spreading thalli), Micarea peliocarpa (pycnidiate anamorph), Porina chlorotica, Porpidia macrocarpa, P.tuberculosa (hosting Endococcus propinquus) & Trapelia placodioides. M.glabratula seemed a characteristic species of sheltered block faces in such mini-voids between boulder-sized blocks on tip slopes right over the site. Exposed large boulders here had good fertile Fuscidea cyathoides and some Lecanora polytropa (hosting Cercidospora epipolytropa).

On a ledge edge (with a conspicuous Hawthorn bush) on the isthmus between QVs 4 & 5, above the E end of QV4, at GR (GPS) SH56356.60729, a small open area of damp flat ground, c.4 x 1m, was inspected closely as the surface texture appeared similar to metalliferous-heath areas on metal-mines. The Nationally Rare ephemeral facultative metallophyte Coppinsia minutissima was detected twice, just starting to fruit on algified moist soil, associated with Dibaeis baeomyces & Micarea lignaria.

Also here were dispersed phyllocladial tufts of juvenile morphs of Stereocaulon condensatum, another facultative metallophyte and occasional associate of 5

Coppinsia on metal-mines in Wales. The damp side of an iron-rich boulder beside a Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

track crossing the tips to the N had Lecidea lithophila, Porpidia melinodes & Rhizocarpon oederi. Placynthiella icmalea (on dry peaty lump) and P.uliginosa (on damp peaty soil) were recorded from a heathy area above the tips.

The derelict building remains on the N side of QV4 were cursorily inspected. Though mainly of drystone slate construction, the interior of some structures had been patchily pointed in places with a coarse lime-mortar (at x20 containing cinder and clinker granules, perhaps from the smithy). Common calcicoles on the mortar included Agonimia tristicula, Bilimbia sabuletorum, Botryolepraria lesdainii (along deep sheltered crevices), Placynthium nigrum, Protoblastenia rupestris, Verrucaria hochstetteri & V.muralis. Lichen colonisation on the building exteriors was poor, where Rhizocarpon petraeum was noted a few times. Shaded interior wall blocks on a near-intact roofed quarryman’s hut near QV3a had abundant Lepraria ecorticata.

To the W of the main buildings a flushed outcrop by a rock-cut passageway had Baeomyces rufus, Cladonia subcervicornis, Lepraria incana, Micarea lutulata, Opegrapha gyrocarpa, Pertusaria pseudocorallina, Porina lectissima, Porpidia contraponenda, Psilolechia lucida & Verrucaria margacea. Mossy faces on a heathy slope above had Cladonia caespiticia & Hypogymnia physodes. Just over the fence on the N side large blocks in brackeny grassland and on the side of a mountainous waste-rock heap had Acarospora fuscata, Lecanora intricata, Lepraria caesioalba, Melanelixia fuliginosa, Pertusaria corallina (hosting Sclerococcum sphaerale), Placopsis lambii, Porpidia cinereoatra, Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. vesuvianum & Tephromela atra. A small saxicolous thallus of Flavoparmelia caperata was seen on the sheltered vertical side of one large boulder.

Within QV3 well-lit boulder slabs on the S side had good thalli of Tremolecia atrata. Towering smooth high faces along the rear S side of the void were patchily colonised by common saxicoles, including good thalli of Pertusaria lactea and, locally along crevices, Arthrorhaphis citrinella. Mossy shale scree at the toe of the face supported Cladonia polydactyla. Compared with QV2 slate faces in this quarry were distinctly more acidic. Underhangs had Opegrapha gyrocarpa and Enterographa zonata, though the latter was quite rare here. At the W end cushions of Stereocaulon evolutum were recorded on a sloping tip face. Also here was locally frequent Placopsis lambii (fertile thalli occasional) and conspicuous patches of Pertusaria lactea. A distinctly more neutral-enriched face had fertile Lecidella scabra. To the N, beyond the void, a rich moss-lichen heath, with stunted Calluna and Erica cinerea, developed over a large flat area of waste slate between building remains, at GR (GPS) SH56022.60663, supported carpets of Cladonia arbuscula and occasional C.ciliata var. ciliata.

Between QVs 3a and 4, at GR (GPS) SH56101.60590, alt 290m, a damp, slightly base- and iron-rich low boulder, c. 2.5 x 1ft, sitting in grassland below a section of old raised stone trackway, had Cladonia diversa, Porpidia cinereoatra (hosting frequent Cecidonia xenophana), Lecidea fuscoatra, Scoliciosporum umbrinum and, notably, two large patches (with several smaller satellites) of Stereocaulon

leucophaeopsis and one tuft of S.dactylophyllum.

6 Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

On the hillside below a scatter of large erratic boulders contributed an oceanic- submontane element, with Clauzadeana macula (a few thalli on S-facing side of one), Halecania spodomela (fertile), Micarea coppinsii, Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. pycnocarpa (one small streak), Parmelia omphalodes (hosting Marchandiomyces corallinus) & Sphaerophorus globosus. A flushed, low rock exposure in grassland had a small colony of Ephebe lanata.

Table 1. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi [LF] recorded at Glyn Rhonwy, 2011-2012. Notable species are shown emboldened - evaluations follow Woods & Coppins (2003) [ updated using Smith et al. (2009)], but this publication does not treat most lichenicolous taxa. Abbreviations: NS: Nationally Scarce; NR: Nationally Rare (VU: Red Data Book (RDB) Vulnerable); DD: RDB Data Deficient; NT: RDB Near Threatened; IR: RDB International Responsibility.

Acarospora fuscata Agonimia tristicula Arthonia didyma Arthonia radiata Arthopyrenia analepta Arthopyrenia punctiformis Arthrorhaphis citrinella Aspicilia caesiocinerea Aspicilia grisea Baeomyces rufus Bilimbia sabuletorum Botryolepraria lesdainii Buellia aethalea Buellia griseovirens Buellia ocellata Caloplaca asserigena Caloplaca citrina Candelariella aurella Candelariella coralliza Candelariella reflexa Candelariella vitellina Catillaria atomarioides NS Catillaria chalybeia Cecidonia xenophana [LF] NS Cercidospora epipolytropa [LF] Cetraria aculeata Cladonia arbuscula Cladonia caespiticia Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata Cladonia coniocraea Cladonia diversa

Cladonia floerkeana

Cladonia furcata 7

Cladonia gracilis Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

Cladonia macilenta Cladonia polydactyla Cladonia portentosa Cladonia pyxidata Cladonia subcervicornis Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis Clauzadeana macula NS Collema cristatum var. marginale Coppinsia minutissima NR Cryptodiscus gloeocapsa NS Dibaeis baeomyces Diploschistes scruposus Endococcus propinquus [LF] Enterographa zonata Ephebe lanata Evernia prunastri Fellhanera bouteillei NS Flavoparmelia caperata Fuscidea cyathoides Fuscidea lightfootii Fuscidea lygaea Fuscidea praeruptorum NS Fuscidea recensa Graphis elegans Halecania spodomela DD; NR Halecania viridescens NT, NS Hypogymnia physodes Hypogymnia tubulosa Hypotrachyna revoluta Ionaspis lacustris Jamesiella anastomosans Lecanora aitema Lecanora campestris Lecanora chlarotera Lecanora epanora NS Lecanora intricata Lecanora polytropa Lecanora pulicaris Lecanora stenotropa NS Lecanora symmicta Lecidea fuscoatra Lecidea lithophila Lecidea plana NS Lecidea swartzioidea NS Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidella scabra

Lepraria caesioalba

Lepraria ecorticata NS 8

Lepraria incana Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

Lepraria lobificans Lepraria vouauxii Marchandiomyces corallinus [LF] Melanelixia fuliginosa Melanelixia glabratula Melanelixia subaurifera Micarea botryoides Micarea coppinsii Micarea denigrata Micarea leprosula Micarea lignaria Micarea lutulata Micarea peliocarpa Miriquidica leucophaea Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. pycnocarpa NS Myriospora smaragdula (syn. Acarospora smaragdula) Normandina pulchella Opegrapha atra Opegrapha gyrocarpa Parmelia omphalodes Parmelia saxatilis Parmelia sulcata Parmotrema perlatum Peltigera hymenina Peltigera membranacea Pertusaria aspergilla Pertusaria corallina Pertusaria lactea Pertusaria pseudocorallina Phlyctis argena Physcia aipolia Physcia tenella Placynthiella dasaea NS Placynthiella icmalea Placynthiella uliginosa Placynthium nigrum Polycoccum squamarioides [LF] Polysporina simplex Porina chlorotica Porina lectissima Porpidia cinereoatra Porpidia contraponenda NS Porpidia crustulata Porpidia macrocarpa Porpidia melinodes NS Porpidia soredizodes

Porpidia striata ?NS

Porpidia tuberculosa 9

Protoblastenia rupestris Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

Protoparmelia atriseda VU (D2); NR Protoparmelia badia Psilolechia lucida Punctelia subrudecta Ramalina farinacea Rhizocarpon distinctum Rhizocarpon geographicum Rhizocarpon lavatum Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Rhizocarpon oederi Rhizocarpon petraeum Rhizocarpon reductum Rimularia badioatra NS Rimularia intercedens NS Roselliniella cladoniae [LF] Schaereria fuscocinerea Sclerococcum sphaerale [LF] Scoliciosporum umbrinum Sphaerophorus globosus Stereocaulon condensatum NS Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Stereocaulon evolutum Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis NS Stereocaulon pileatum Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. nodulosum NS Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. vesuvianum Tephromela atra Trapelia coarctata Trapelia glebulosa s.l. Trapelia obtegens Trapelia placodioides Trapeliopsis granulosa Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa Tremolecia atrata Umbilicaria polyphylla Usnea florida Usnea subfloridana Verrucaria hochstetteri Verrucaria macrostoma Verrucaria margacea Verrucaria muralis Xanthoparmelia conspersa Xanthoparmelia mougeotii Xanthoria candelaria Xanthoria parietina

Taxa = 178

10

Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers

References

Smith, C.W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B.J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. & Wolseley, P.A. (eds.) (2009) The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British Lichen Society.

Wood, R.G. & Coppins, B.J. (2003) A Conservation Evaluation of British Lichens. British Lichen Society, London.

11 Page Glyn Rhonwy Lichen Survey, S.P.Chambers