Insect Science (2005) 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Meigen (Diptera: ) 57

A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae)

CHUN-TIAN ZHANG1,2 and HIROSHI SHIMA3 1State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Institute of Entomology, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, 2Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China and 3 Biosystematics Laboratory, Graduate School of Cultural and Social Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Abstract The genus Trixa Meigen, 1824 is revised. Dexiotrix Villeneuve, 1936 and Trixella Mesnil, 1980, each of which was sometimes treated as a distinct genus, are treated as junior synonyms of Trixa Meigen. Two species from Sichuan and Yunnan, China, are described as new to science, viz. Trixa chinensis sp. nov. and T. chaoi sp. nov. T. alpina Meigen is treated as a junior synonym of T. caerulescens Meigen. T. nox (Shima) and T. pubiseta (Mesnil) are newly recorded from China. Males of T. pubiseta (Mesnil) and T. longipensis (Villeneuve) are described for the first time. Diagnoses, figures and a key to twelve species in Trixa are given. Key words Diptera, new species, new synonym, systematics, Tachinidae, Trixa DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2005.00008.x

Introduction Asia and the Oriental region, we examined many speci- mens from Asia and Europe and found that male terminalia Trixa Meigen is a genus of the tribe (Diptera: and external morphology of Dexiotrix, Trixella and Trixa Tachinidae) known only from the Palaearctic region. It is are very similar to each other. They all have a broad and flat easily distinguished from the other genera of the tribe face, undeveloped or at most weakly developed facial Dexiini in having bare arista, short antennae and a strong carina, short prementum, long and inflated palpi, bare anteroventral seta at the apex of the fore-tibia. Mesnil proepisternum, usually hairy second costal sector of the (1980) included two species, T. pyrenaica Villeneuve and wing ventrally, reddish-yellow tarsi, abdominal syntergites T. variegata Meigen in Trixa Meigen. Herting (1993) and 1+2 always excavated half-way to the posterior margin, Tschorsnig (1994, 1998) treated T. variegata Meigen as a and male genitalia with bluntly rounded surstylus at the synonym of Trixa conspersa (Harris, [1776]) and found apical half and a short gonopod. Furthermore, three species that both Trixa and Murana Meigen have a strong av apical from China and Nepal are intermediate among distinguish- seta on the fore-tibia, by which they are distinguished from ing charcteristics as described by authors of Dexiotrix, the other genera of the tribe Dexiini. At the time they Trixella and Trixa, such as structure of face, arista, tibial understood the genus Murana as a junior synonym of seta and abdominal setae. Thus, the three genera are placed genus Trixa which comprises five species. in synonymy in this study. Mesnil (1980) erected the genus Trixella Mesnil with In this paper, nine species of Trixa Meigen including two three species in East Asia, separating it from the genus newly recorded species from China and two new species Dexiotrix Villeneuve, based on its broad and flat face, from the mountains of Sichuan and Yunnan in China are narrow parafacial and pubescent arista. Dexiotrix has dis- reported, and a key to twelve species of the genus Trixa tinct facial carina, wide parafacial, and plumose arista and Meigen and some diagnostic figures are also given. includes two species from China and Madagascar. In the study of the tribe Dexiini of Tachinidae from East Materials and methods

Correspondence: Chuntian Zhang, Institute of Entomology, Specimens used in this study are from the collections of: Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China. Tel & Biosystematics Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, fax: +86 24 8657 4895; e-mail: [email protected] Japan (BLKU); the Canadian National Collection of ,

www.blackwellpublishing.com/ins 57 Science 12, 57J71 58 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima

Ottawa, Canada (CNC); the Institute of Zoology, Chinese strongly inflated and longer than or subequal to antenna, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS); the Swed- prementum short and thick, 1J2.5 times as long as wide. ish Museum of National History, Stockholm, Sweden Proepisternum bare, postpronotal lobe with 2J3 setae. (SMNH); Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, 2J4+3J4 dc setae. Costal spine absent or present, at most Germany (SMNS); Shenyang Normal University, 1/2 length of crossvein r-m, second costal sector of wing Shenyang, China (SNUC); the National Museum of Natu- usually with fine hairs ventrally. Tarsi usually reddish- ral History, Washington, USA (USNM); and the Forest yellow, mid-tibia with 1J5 ad, hind tibia with 2 or 3 Research Institute, Warszawa, Poland (FRIP). The type preapical d setae. Abdomen reddish-yellow, syntergites specimens of new species are kept in BLKU and IZCAS. 1+2 excavated to anterior 1/3J3/4 way to posterior margin. Measurements and terminology follow Tschorsnig and Male with short gonopod, surstylus bluntly rounded at Richter (1998). The following abbreviations of the apical half. chaetotaxy are used for thorax and leg setae: ac, acrostichal; Distribution. China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, dc, dorsocentral; ia, intra-alar; sa, supra-alar; a, anterior; Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan and Yunnan), Japan (Hokkaido), ad, anterodorsal; av, anteroventral; d, dorsal; p, posterior; Nepal, Russia (Far East); Europe; North Africa and pd, posterodorsal; pv, posteroventral; v, ventral. Madagascar.

GenusTrixa Meigen, 1824 Key to species of Trixa Meigen

Trixa Meigen, 1824: 222. Type-species: Trixa dorsalis 1 Arista bare or nearly bare; 1J2+2 ac setae; fore-tibia with Meigen, 1824 (= Musca conspersa Harris, 1776). Stein, 2J4 strong pd and 2 p setae and a strong apical av seta; mid 1924: 28 (key). Villeneuve, 1928: 50 (description). tibia always with a strong v seta ...... 2 Townsend, 1936: 105 (key of Trixini, Oestridae). Townsend, - Arista pubescent or plumose; 0+1J2 ac setae; fore tibia 1938: 243 (redescription in Oestridae). Emden, 1954: 31 usually without pd and apical av seta or with a short av, (key). Herting, 1960: 129 (biology). Verbeke, 1962: 95 if pd and strong apical av setae present, then male mid (note). Zimin et al., 1969, 1988: 1274 (key). Kolomiets, tibia without v seta ...... 5 1973: 85 (key and notes). Kolomiets, 1974: 143 (notes). 2 Abdominal syntergites 1+2 with irregular discal setae; Mesnil, 1980:12 (Palaearctic ). Herting, 1984: scutellum without crossed apical setae; antenna and 137 (catalog). Richter & Farinets, 1984: 144 (first instar aristavery short, antenna occupying at most upper 2/5 of larvae of Dexiini). Herting & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 355 face...... 3 (catalog). Belshaw, 1993: 106 (note). Tschorsnig & - Abdominal syntergites 1+2 without discal setaeat most Herting, 1994: 79 (key). Sabrosky, 1999: 315 (family- with weak discal setae; scutellum with crossed apical group names). seta; antenna longer, occupying at least upper 1/2 of face Murana Meigen, 1824: 223. Townsend, 1938: 239 ...... 4 (validated). Mesnil, 1980: 11. 3 Vibrissa present, well differentiated from subfacial hairs; Crameria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 59 (preoccupied abdominal tergite 3 with 2J4 median and 2J3 lateral by Crameria Hubner, 1819). marginal setae; upper postocular setae weak, about 1/3 as Trixella Mesnil, 1980: 8. Type-species: Dexiotrix pubiseta long as inner vertical seta; prosternum hairy ...... Mesnil, 1967 (original description). Herting, 1984: 138 ...... T. pauciseta (Mesnil) (catalog). Herting & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 356 (catalog). - Vibrissa undeveloped, not differentiated from subfacial Chao, 1996: 2155 (note). Syn. nov. hairs; abdominal tergite 3 with a complete row of mar- Dexiotrix Villeneuve, 1936: 330. Type-species: Dexiotrix ginal setae; postocular setae stronger, about 1/2 as long as longipennis Villeneuve, 1936. Mesnil, 1976:37, 48 (key inner vertical seta; prosternum bare ...... and description). Crosskey, 1976: 179 (catalog). Crosskey, ...... T. caerulescens Meigen 1977: 604 (catalog). Crosskey, 1980: 832 (catalog). Mesnil, 4 Prosternum 5J6 times as long as wide; facial carina short, 1980: 8 (in key). Herting, 1984: 138 (catalog). Herting & ending at lopwer 1/3 of face; wing not distinctly clouded Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 356 (catalog). Syn. nov. on crossveins...... T. pyrenaica Villeneuve Generic diagnosis. Face flat and broad, facial carina - Prosternum 3 times as long as wide, facial carina extend- undeveloped or at most weakly developed at upper portion, ing to lower margin of face; crossveins r-m and dm-cu parafacial usually 1J2 times as wide as first flagellomere. distinctly brownish tinged ...... T. conspersa (Harris) Antenna short, first flagellomere usually 1J2.5 times as 5 Intermediate abdominal tergites with irregular discal long as pedicel, arista bare or pubescent or plumose. Palpus setae; fore tibia with a strong apical av seta; mid tibia

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 59

usually without v seta in male...... T. chinensis sp. nov. - Legs reddish yellow, fore femur sometimes dark brown - Intermediate abdominal tergites without discal seta; fore on posterodorsal portion in male; first flagellomere at tibia with a weak av seta or without it; mid tibia with or most 2 times as long as pedicel; thorax and abdomen without v seta ...... 6 without such pollinosity; abdomen broadly reddish 6 Total width of arista including plumosity about 2 times as yellow except for black mid dorsal longitudinal portion wide as first flagellomere, the latter 2.5J3 times as long as in male, entirely black in female ...... 11 pedicel; face narrow, about 1/3 as wide as high at the level 11 Abdominal syntergites 1+2 without median marginal of vibrissae; parafacial at narrowest point 1.5J2.5 times seta; abdomen with thin whitish pollinosity at most on J as wide as first flagellomere of antenna; mid tibia with 1 anterior 1/2 of tergites 3 and 4; wing vein R4+5 with 1 2 ad seta ...... 7 setulae only on basal node dorsally and ventrally; antenna - Arista pubescent or short plumose, total width including entirely reddish yellow; mid tibia with 2 strong v setae in plumosity at most as wide as first flagellomere; face male ...... T. rufiventris (Mesnil), comb. nov. wider, at least 1/2 as wide as high at vibrissal level; - Abdominal syntergites 1+2 with 2 median marginal setae; parafacial at narrowest as wide as first flagellomere; mid abdominal tergites with dense whitish pollinosity; vein J tibia with 1 4 ad setae ...... 8 R4+5 usually setulose dorsally from its base to 3/4 way to 7 Thoracic dorsum with 3 longitudinal black vittae; basal r-m crossvein; first flagellomere of antenna dark brown and apical scutellar setae short, about 1/2 as long as on its apical 1/2; mid tibia without v seta in male ...... subapical scutellar seta; tarsi black; abdomen black in ...... T. pubiseta (Mesnil), comb. nov. ground color, syntergites 1+2 with pale yellowish hairs ventrally; male fore claws shorter than 5th tarsomere (after Mesnil, 1976) ...... Descriptions ...... T. empiformis (Mesnil), comb. nov. - Thoracic dorsum with 4 longitundinal black vittae; basal Trixa chinensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1) and apical scutellar setae only slightly shorter than subapical scutellar seta; tarsi yellow; abdomen broadly Male. Head grayish-white pollinose; frontal vitta dark reddish yellow except mid dorsal longitudinal portion in brown; lunule, antennae, palpi and labella reddish-yellow, male, broadly black in female; abdominal hairs all black; first flagellomere sometimes reddish-brown; arista dark male fore claw longer than pulvillus or 5th tarsomrere brown; prementum reddish-brown to dark brown. Eyes ...... T. longipennis (Villeneuve), comb. nov. bare. Vertex 0.15J0.18 of head width, frontal vitta weakly 8 Tegula and basicosta reddish yellow to brownish; 2J3+3 narrowed posteriorly, about 3 times as wide as fronto- dc setae; aristal hairs longer than aristal base ...... 9 orbital plate at middle height, fronto-orbital plate with a - Tegula and basicosta brown to dark brown; 3J4+3J5 dc row of black hairs along frontal setae; face rather flat, 1.8J setae; arista pubescent, hairs about as long as aristal base 2.2 times as long as wide, facial carina very weakly, at most ...... 10 narrowly developed, not visible in profile, lower margin 9 2+3 dc, 0+2 ia setae; fronto-orbital plate almost bare, flat and at the same place as upper position, parafacial bare, only with fine hairs along frontal setae; femora reddish parallel-sided, about 2 times as wide as first flagellomere yellow; abdominal tergites 4 and 5 with a dark brownish in profile; gena 0.46J0.47 times of eye height. Inner median vitta and dark posterior bands ...... vertical seta about 0.63 times of eye height, outer vertical ...... T. nox (Shima), comb. nov. seta 0.4J0.5 times as long as inner vertical seta, ocellar seta - 3+3 dc, 0+1 ia setae; fronto-orbital plate with some black proclinate, as strong as upper frontal setae and shorter than hairs; femora dark brown except for reddish yellow apex inner vertical seta, 9J10 inclinate frontal setae, facial ridge ventrally; abdominal tergites 4 and 5 yellow, no dark with fine setae on lower 1/3; vibrissa nearly level with median vitta and posterior bands ...... T. chaoi sp. nov. lower margin of face; upper occiput with 2J3 rows of black 10 Legs black, tibiae somewhat reddish brown at median hairs behind postocular setae, with pale whitish hairs portion; first flagellomere of antenna about 3 times as medially and ventrally. Antenna short, falling short of long as pedicel; when seen from front dense silvery white lower margin of face by about antennal length, first pollinosity distinct on thoracic dorsum and abdominal flagellomere about 2 times as long as pedicel. Arista short syntergites 1+2 to anteior 1/2 of tergite 4; abdomen pubescent, hairs shorter than basal width of aristal base. broadly reddish yellow in ground color, black on mid Palpus inflated, with many seta-like hairs, subequal in dorsal longitudinal portion and posterior 3/5 of tergite 4 length to antenna; prementum short, slightly shorter than and entire tergite 5 ...... first flagellomere, labella small...... T. pellucens (Mesnil), comb. nov. Thorax brownish gray pollinose, postpronotal lobe red-

Insect Science 12, 57J71 60 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima

Fig. 1 Trixa chinensis sp. nov. (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) abdominal sternite 5. Scale = 0.25 mm. dish yellow except for dark central portion; dorsum with 4 S-shaped. Lower calypter yellowish-white, with short fringe dark brown longitudinal vittae, 2 inner vittae only extend- on outer margin. Halter reddish-brown, yellow at apex. ing back to anterior 1/3 of postsutural scutum, scutellum Legs (femora, tibiae and tarsi) reddish-yellow except for reddish yellow or brown, lateral bases dark brown; anterior dark brown dorsal surface of femora especially in fore-and and posterior spiracles dark brown. 0+1 ac, 3+3 dc, 0+3 ia, mid-legs, reddish-brown claw and yellowish-brown pul- anterior one smaller, 4 sa setae. Prosternum bare, narrow, villus longer than fifth tarsomere; fore tibia with a row of 4J5 times as long as wide, proepisternum bare, 4 ad, and 2 median p setae, 1 strong av about as long as 1 pv postpronotal setae nearly arranged in a straight line, upper- seta at apex, mid tibia with 4J5 ad setae which becoming inner one smaller, 2+1 katepisternal setae. Scutellum with stronger from upper to lower, 2J3 pd and 2 pv setae, 3 pairs of long marginal and 4J8 erect discal setae, apical without v seta, hind tibia with 4J5 ad, 4 pd and 3J4 v setae, scutellar setae crossed horizontally. Wing brownish, longi- and 3 strong preapical d setae. tudinal veins reddish-brown, crossveins clouded or Abdomen long ovate, reddish-yellow, grayish white indistinct; tegula and basicosta dark brown. Costal spine pollinosity, with a wide black longitudinal median vitta absent. Second costal sector with fine hairs ventrally, and black hairs on tergites. Abdominal syntergites 1+2 relative lengths of second, third and fourth costal sectors excavated to 1/2 way to posterior margin, with 2 median J J approximately as 5 : 9 : 6, basal node of vein R4+5 with 2 marginal and 1 2 lateral marginal setae, tergite 3 with 2 J 4 black hairs dorsally and ventrally. Vein M1+2 at bent median marginal, 2 3 lateral marginal and irregular discal almost right angle, with appendage, which is equal in setae, tergites 4 and 5 each with a row of marginal, some length to or slightly shorter than crossvein r-m; vein dm-cu discal setae. Male genitalia: sternite 5 nearly square, its

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 61 posterior lobes slightly more than 2/3 of its entire length; seta or frontal seta, outer vertical seta absent, 10J13 cerci wide on basal 1/3 and slender on apical 2/3 and inclinate frontal setae; facial ridge with some setae on pointed at apex; and surstylus wide at base, becoming lower 1/3, vibrissa inserted at level of lower margin of distinctly narrow at apex in dorsal view; cerci narrow and face, some subvibrissae present below vibrissa; upper bent backward apically, and surstylus wide, blunt at apex occiput with yellowish pale hairs, a row of black hairs in profile; basiphallus about as long as paramere, distiphallus present behind postocular setae. Antenna short, falling slender, long bent L-shape in profile. short of lower margin of face by about length of first Female. Frontal vitta reddish-brown, equal to or slightly flagellomere and pedicel combined, first flagellomere narrower than fronto-orbital plate in width, latter black, slightly longer than pedicel; arista short plumose, total silver white pollinosity, parafacial reddish brown. Vertex width including plumosity slightly less thn or equal to wide, about 0.6 of head width, frons about 0.5 of head first flagellomere width; palpus with densely black seta- width at middle. Outer vertical seta 0.5J0.6 times as long like hairs inflated, about as long as first flagellomere and as inner vertical seta, 8 inclinate frontal setae, 3 proclinate pedicel combined; prementum 2J2.5 times as long as orbital setae and 2 upward provertical setae, ocellar seta wide, shorter than palpus. about as long as frontal seta, shorter than inner vertical seta. Thorax black, yellowish gray pollinose. 0+1 ac, 3+3 dc, Mid tibia with 1J2 v setae. Abdomen black, apical 1/3 of 0+1 ia, 2 sa setae. Postpronotal lobe with 3 setae nearly in tergite 5 and tergites 6J8 reddish yellow, covered with a straight line, anterior one weaker, notopleuron with black entirely grayish white pollinosity. Syntergites 1+2 with 2 hairs, 2 notopleural setae; prosternum bare, 1.5J2 times as median marginal setae, tergites 3 and 4 each with 2 median long as wide, proepisternum bare; posterior half of discal setae, tergite 5 with some discal setae. Other charac- anepisternum and katepisternum with densely long hairs, ters are same as in male. meron with long and black setae and hairs on post portion, Body length 9.8J12.8 mm. katepimeron with black hairs on anterior half, 1+1 Material examined. Holotype male, Xingduqiao, 2 450J katepisternal setae. Scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal and 3 700 m, Kangding, Sichuan, China, August 22, 1993, H. 1 pair of discal setae. Wings brownish, tegula red yellow to Shima; paratypes, China: 2 males, 1 female, H. Shima; 2 brown, basicosta brown, sometimes dark brown, alula males, 1 female, X. Liang; 1 male, Wenxia Zhang; 1 male, yellow. Costal spine absent, second costal sector with hairs A. Nakanishi, same place and date as holotype. One male, ventrally, relative length of second, third and fourth costal J Songfan, Erdaoban, 3 000 m, Sichuan, August 4, 1993, A. sectors approximately as 1 : 2 : 1, base of vein R4+5 with 2

Naganishi (BLKU). One male, Hongyuan, 3 500 m, Sichuan, 5 hairs on dorsal and ventral surfaces, vein R4+5 merged August 29, 1983, Xuezhong Zhang (IZCAS). with vein M at apex, bend of vein M blunt angle, without Etymology. Specific epithet is taken from China. appendage. Calypters yellowish, lower calypter with short Remarks. This species is distinguished from other spe- fringe on outer margin. Halters reddish-yellow, its apex cies of Trixa in having flat and broad face, first flagellomere about same size as posterior spiracle. Coxa of leg reddish 2 times as long as pedicel, arista short pubescent, prosternum yellow except for dark brown dorsal surface, femur dark 4 to 5 times as long as wide, scutellum reddish yellow, with brown except for yellow on apical 1/2 ventrally; tibia, rather scattered erect discal setae, 1 apical av seta on the tarsus, claw and pulvillus yellow to reddish-yellow; claw fore-tibia and 3 apical d setae on the hind tibia, irregular and pulvillus slightly longer than 5th tarsomere, fore tibia discal setae on abdominal tergites 3 and 4. with 1J4 short ad and 2 p setae, mid tibia with 1 ad and 2 Distribution. China (Sichuan). p setae, without v seta, hind tibia with 2 av, 2J4 ad (2 smaller) and 2 pd setae, and 1 v, 1 ad and 1 d setae at apex. Trixa chaoi sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Abdomen long-ovate, with reclinate even and densely black hairs, yellow, with a dark brown median vitta which Male. Head densely yellowish white pollinose, frontal extending from median excavation of syntergites 1+2 to vitta brown; antennae, palpi and proboscis reddish yellow; anterior half of tergite 3, grayish-white pollinosity on arista brown. Eye bare. Vertex 1/9J1/10 of head width, anterior and both sides of tergites, no dark black on poste- frontal vitta slightly wider than fronto-orbital plate, latter rior portion of tergites, syntergites 1+2 excavated to poste- with some black hairs. Face broad and flat, its width rior 1/2J3/4 way from hind margin, with 1 lateral marginal between vibrissae nearly 3/4 as long as vibrissa, facial and 1 latero-discal setae, without median marginal seta; carina narrow, low and indistinct, lower margin of face tergite 3 with 2 median marginal, 2J4 lateral marginal and not protruding forward, parafacial bare, 1.5J2 times as 1J2 latero-discal setae, without median discal seta; tergite wide as first flagellomere, gena 0.4J0.5 of eye height. 4 and 5 each with a row of marginal setae and latero-discal Inner vertical seta about 1/2 eye height, as long as ocellar setae, without discal setae. Sterinite 1 with black hairs on

Insect Science 12, 57J71 62 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima

Fig. 2 Trixa chaoi sp. nov. (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) abdominal sternite 5. Scale = 0.25mm.

margins. Male terminalia. Sternite 5 subsquare, its poste- bent, vein R4+5 opened with M at ends. Legs reddish- rior lobe wide, slightly pointed apically, V-shaped median yellow; mid tibia with 1 av, 2 ad and 2 p setae, claw and cleft very wide and deep; cerci bluntly rounded on basal pulvillus shorter than 5th tarsomere. Abdomen ovate, half, slender, straight and pointed on apical half, surstylus reddish-yellow, only dark brown on median excavation of wide, bluntly rounded apically, gonopod short, paramere syntergites 1+2 and antero-median portion of tergite 3. longer than flattened basiphallus, distiphallus slender and Other characters are same as male. straight, sclerotized basal part about twice as long as Body length 8.8J11.2 mm. membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme small, shorter Material examined. Holotype, male, Lidiping, 3 100J than 1/3 of aedeagal apodeme length. 3 200 m, Weixi, Yunnan, China, August 14J16, 1984, Female. Frontal vitta reddish yellow. Vertex slightly Shuyong Wang (IZCAS). Paratypes 1 male, 1 female, more than 5/13 of head width, parafacial about 2 times as same data as holotype (IZCAS). wide as firstflagellomere, gena about 1/2 of eye height. 10 Distribution. China (Yunnan). fine inclinate frontal setae, 2 strong proclinate orbital setae Etymology. Specific name is dedicated to Professor and 1 outward prevertical seta, inner vertical seta crossed, Chienming Chao for his contributions to the systematic stronger than frontal seta. Postpronotal lobe and postalar work of Chinese Diptera. callus reddish brown to reddish yellow; scutellum yellow Remarks. This species is close to Trixa nox (Shima) in except for dark base. Vein M with a short appendage at external morphology, but differs from the latter in having

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 63 fronto-orbital plate with some black hairs, 3+3 dc, 0+1 ia, Material examined. Holotype male of Dexiotrix pellucens dark brown femora except for reddish yellow ventral Mesnil, Sichuan (Szechuen), China, Muping, July 1929, 1 apices, abdominal tergites 4 and 5 without dark median 220J2 135m, D.C. Graham (USNM). Other specimens: vitta and posterior band. China: 1 male, Muping, Sichuan (Szechuen), July 1929, 1 220J2 135m D.C. Graham (CNC). Two males, Sanji- Trixa nox (Shima, 1988), comb. nov. angkou, Daguan, Yunnan, July 3, 1991, Su Lin (BLKU). One male, Jiulaodong, 1 900J1 900 m, Mts. Emei, Sichuan, Trixella nox Shima, 1988: 2. August 20, 1957, Z. Wang (IZCAS). Diagnosis. Antenna reddish yellow. Vertex 0.1J0.13 of Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan). head width, parafacial narrowed below, about 3/4 as wide Remarks. This species is distinguished from the other as first flagellomere at middle height. First flagellomere species of Trixa in having long first flagellomere, black 2.2J2.5 times as long as pedicel. Arista short plumose, legs (tarsi), abdominal tergites 2J4 yellow, covered with including plumosity at most 2/3 as wide as first flagellomere. silver white pollinosity and posterior 1/2J3/5 of tergite 4 0+1 ac, 2+3 dc, 0+2 ia, 2 sa Tegula and basicosta yellowish. and entire 5 black. Legs yellow, mid tibia without v seta. Claw and pulvillus long. Abdomen broadly reddish yellow in ground color; Trixa pubiseta (Mesnil, 1967), comb. nov. (Fig. 4) mid dorsal portion of syntergites 1+2 to tergite 5 longitu- dinally dark brown, dark longitudinal band expanded pos- Dexiotrix pubiseta Mesnil, 1967: 54 (original description). teriorly on each tergite and posterior of tergite 4. Crosskey, 1976: 179 (catalog). Crosskey, 1977: 604 Body length 8.3J11.9 mm (after Shima, 1988). (catalog). Material examined. Holotype male of Trixella nox Shima, Trixella pubiseta: Mesnil, 1980: 8 (in key, type species). 1988, Nepal, Salpa La (2 900 m), August 25, 1981, J. Herting, 1984: 138 (catalog). Herting & Dely-Draskovits, Emoto (light trap); paratypes: 4 males, 1 female, Nepal: 1993: 356 (catalog). Salpa La, 2 900 m, July 25, 1981, J. Emoto, light trap; 1 Male. Head rather densely white pollinosity on parafacial male, Phulchoki, 2 762 m, September 18J21, 1987, M. and face, frontal vitta brown, face dark brown, lunule and Limbu (BLKU). One male, Jilong, 2 800 m, Tibet, China, gena reddish-brown, latter grayish-white pollinose. An- July 27, 1976, Xuezhong Zhang (IZCAS). tenna reddish-yellow except for brown to dark brown Distribution. China (newly recorded), Nepal. apical half of first flagellomere, arista brown, palpi and Remarks. This species is different from the other species proboscis yellow. Vertex 0.08J0.14 of head width, frontal of Trixa Meigen in having wide face and weak facial carina vitta slightly wider than fronto-orbital plate at middle, and rather short plumose arista and 2+3 dc setae. latter with fine black hairs, parafacial bare, 1.2J1.5 times as wide as first flagellomere, face broad, the distance Trixa pellucens (Mesnil, 1967), comb. nov. (Fig. 3) between two vibrissal more than gena height, facial carina indistinct, facial ridge distinct; gena 0.35J0.53 of eye Dexiotrix pellucens Mesnil, 1967: 53. Crosskey, 1976: height, lower margin of face not protruding forward. Inner 179 (catalog). Crosskey, 1977: 604 (catalog). vertical seta crossed, about 1/2 of eye height, and stronger Trixella pellucens: Herting, 1984: 138 (catalog). Herting than ocellar seta, outer vertical seta hair-like, about 1/2 as & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 356 (catalog). long as inner vertical seta, ocellar seta about as long as Diagnosis. Antenna dark except for reddish yellow base of frontal setae, prevertical and proclinate orbital setae absent, first flagellomere. Parafacial 1J1.5 times as wide as first 10J11 inclinate frontal setae. Vibrissal area with flagellomere, facial carina indistinct, gena about 1/3 of eye subvibrissal setae and setulae, upper occiput with 2J4 height. First flagellomere 2.3J3 times as long as pedicel, rows of black hairs below postocular setae. Antenna falling prementum 2.5J3 times as long as wide. 0+1 ac, 3+3J5 dc, short of lower margin of face by about antenna length, 0+2 ia, 3J4 sa, second sa short, 2+1 katepisternal setae. pedicel with a long seta, which about as long as antenna, Tegula dark brown and basicosta brownish; vein M with first flagellomere 1J1.8 times as long as pedicel, arista short appendage at bending. Legs black, tibiae somewhat pubescent, aristal hairs about as wide as diameter of aristal brownish especially on median portion of fore tibia. Abdo- base; palpi inflated, with dense hairs on distal part, as long men brown black on anterior 1/3 of syntergites 1+2, mid as antenna and longer than prementum, latter short, about dorsal longitudinal portion of tergits 2J4, posterior 1/2J3/ 2 times as long as wide. 5 of tergite 4 and entire tergite 5, covered with dense silver Thorax black, yellowish-gray pollinose, with 4 longitu- white pollinosity on tergites 2J4. dinal black vittae, which not reaching scutellum; anterior Body length 14.0J15.6 mm. and posterior spiracles yellowish; scutellum covered with

Insect Science 12, 57J71 64 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima

Fig. 3 Trixa pellucens (Mesnil), comb. nov. (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) sternite 5. Scale = 0.25 mm.

gray pollinosity on dorsal surface and black on base and vein R4+5 usually with a row of fine hairs dorsally from its margin. Postpronotal lobe with 3J4 setae, 3 of them nearly base to half-way to r-m crossvein, sometimes bare, basal standing in a straight line, prosternum bare, 2.5J3 times as node hairy dorsally and ventrally. Halters reddish yellow. long as wide, notopleura hairy, proepisternum and Calypters yellowish, lower calypter with short fringe on katepimeron bare, 0+1 ac, 3J4+3J4 dc, 0+2 ia, 4 sa, outer margin. Leg reddish-yellow (coxa, apical 1/3 of anterior one as long as posterior two and shifted outward, femur, tibia, tarsus and claw and pulvillus) except for black 2J3+1 katepisternal setae, scutellum with 3 pairs of mar- basal 2/3 of femora, claw and pulvillus slightly longer than ginal and a pair of discal setae. Wing hyaline, tegula fifth tarsomere, fore tibia with a row of short ad on upper reddish yellow, basicosta brown. Costal spine absent, 2/3 and 2J3 p setae, 1 pv and 1 weak av setae at apex; mid second costal sector with hairs ventrally, relative length of tibia with 2J4 ad, 2J3 pd and 2J3 v setae, hind tibia with second, third and 4th costal sectors approximately as 1 : 2. 2J4 av, 5 ad and 4J6 p setae, and 1 ad, 1 d and 1 av setae

5 : 1.2 , vein M1+2 at bending mostly without an appendage, at apex.

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 65

Abdomen reddish-yellow, grayish-white pollinosity, with membranous portion, ejaculatory apodeme small and short. a longitudinal black median vitta on tergites, syntergites Female. Vertex 0.36J0.4 of head width, frontal vitta 1+2 narrowly excavated to base, not to posterior margin, it nearly parallel-sided, slightly narrower than fronto-orbital and tergite 3 each with 2 median marginal, 2J3 lateral plate at middle, parafacial weakly narrowed below, about discal and 2J3 lateral marginal setae, tergite 4 and tergite 1.25 times as wide as first flagellomere at middle. Inner 5 each with a row of marginal setae and 2J3 lateral discal vertical seta strong, about 2/3 of eye height, crossing each setae. Male genitalia: sternite 5 subtriangular, its posterior other; outer vertical seta about 3/4 as long as inner seta, lobe wide and blunt apically, V-shaped median cleft deep ocellar seta rather fine, about 1/2 as long as inner vertical and very wide, surstylus wide and blunt apically, cerci seta, 1 outwardly directed prevertical seta, slightly shorter long, apical half slender and pointed, gonopod short, than outer vertical seta, 2 proclinate frontal setae, subequal paramere about as long as basiphallus, distiphallus long, in length to outer vertical seta, 11J12 rather fine frontal basal sclerotized portion about 2 times as long as apical setae, lowest seta inserted at level of base of pedicel. Claws

Fig. 4 Trixa pubiseta (Mesnil), comb. nov. (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) abdominal sternite 5. Scale = 0.25 mm.

Insect Science 12, 57J71 66 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima and pulvilli slightly shorter than 5th tarsomere. Abdomen or longer than 5th tarsomere. Abdomen broadly reddish ovate, entirely black in ground color; thin grayish white yellow, brown-black on mid-dorsal longitudinal area pollinosity present on entire dorsum. Other characters are from syntergites 1+2 to anterior 1/2 of tergite 5, tergites same as male. without discal seta. Syntergite 1+2 with 2J3 lateral Body length 8.6J14.3 mm. marginal setae, median marginal seta absent. Material examined. Holotype female of Dexiotrix Material examined. Holotype male of Dexiotrix pubiseta Mesnil, Japan, Hokkaido, S.Takano, July 18, rufiventris Mesnil, China, Kina, S. Gansu (Kansu), Sven 1963, Nukabira (CNC). Other specimens: Japan: 1 male, Hedins, Dr. Hummel (USNM). Other specimens: China: 1 Kunashir, July 26, 1964, K. Elberb. Hokkaido, Mts. male, Fengqukou, Menyuan, Qinghai, July 21, 1990, M- Daisetsu, Aizankei, 2 males, 2 females, August 6J7, 410 (IZCAS). 1967, H. Shima, 4 males, 1 000J1 800 m, August 15J17, Distribution. China (Gansu, Qinghai ), Russia (Far East). 1986, H. Shima, 3 males, 1 female, 550J800 m, August Remarks. This species is similar to T. pubiseta (Mesnil), 18J20, 1986, H. Shima, 1 male, Mt. Bippu, August 11, but differs from it in having reddish yellow antenna, 1967, H. Shima, 1 male, 1 000J1 800 m, July 15, 1986, lacking of median marginal seta on the abdominal

Abe leg.; 1 female, Nishou-touge, 1000 m, August 24, syntergite 1+2 and vein R4+5 without fine setulae dorsally 1995, T. Tachi, 1 female, Shiretoke-touge, 600 m, August on its base. 30, 1995, T. Tachi; Ginmeisui, 3 males, 1 female, M. Honda; 4 males 1 female, A. Nakanishi, 4 males, T. Trixa longipennis (Villeneuve, 1936), comb. nov. (Fig. 5) Saigusa, August 11, 1967 (BLKU). China: 1 male, Wuying, Yichun, Heilongjiang, July 6J10, 1996, Chuntian Zhang; Dexiotrix longipennis Villeneuve, 1936: 330. Crosskey, 3 males, Shenshu, Yichun, Heilongjiang, July 11J13, 1976: 179 (catalog). Crosskey, 1977: 604 (catalog). Herting, 1996, Chuntian Zhang (SNUC). 1984: 138 (catalog). Herting & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: Distribution. Japan, China (Heilongjiang, newly 356 (catalog). recorded). Male. Head densely grayish white or yellowish white Remarks. The male of Trixella pubiseta (Mesnil) is pollinose, frontal vitta dark brown, face, lower fronto- described here for the first time. This species differs from orbital plate and lower occiput whitish; antennae, palpi and the other species of Trixa in having 2 median marginal prementum reddish-yellow; arista brown. Eye bare, ver- J setae on the abdominal syntergite 1+2, and wing vein R4+5 tex 1/8 1/7 of head width, frontal vitta at narrowest point with a row of fine hairs dorsally from base beyond half way about as wide as frono-orbital plate; latter and parafacialia to crossvein r-m. bare, parafacialia 2.5J3 times as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina distinct, narrow and low, longer than antenna, Trixa rufiventris (Mesnil, 1967), comb. nov. gena about 1/2 of eye height, lower margin of face not protruding forward. Inner vertical seta 0.6J0.7 of eye Dexiotrix rufiventris Mesnil, 1967: 52. Crosskey, 1976: height, as strong as frontal seta, outer vertical seta hair-like, 179 (catalog). Crosskey, 1977: 604 (catalog). about 1/2 as long as inner vertical seta, 8J9 inclinate Trixella rufiventris: Herting, 1984: 138 (catalog). Herting frontal setae. Vibrissa inserted at level of lower margin of & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 356 (catalog). Ziegler & Shima, face, subvibrissae under vibrissa and 2J3 slender setae 1996: 428 (note). Chao, 1996: 2155 (note). above vibrissa; upper occiput with 1J2 rows of black hairs Diagnosis. Male: Antenna and palpus reddish-yellow. below postocular setae. Antenna short, falling short of Vertex 0.08J0.09 of head width, parafacial about 1.5 lower margin of face by about as long as first flagellomere, times as wide as first flagellomere at middle height, face latter 2J2.5 times as long as pedicel, pedicel with 1 seta, rather weakly concave, nearly flat, without keel. first about as long as antenna, arista including plumosity about flagellomere about 2 times as long as pedicel. palpus 2 times as wide as first flagellomere, palpus inflated at short and wide, weakly swollen anteriorly, nearly equal to apex, longer than first flagellomere or prementum, or longer than first flagellomere. 3J4 postpronotal setae, prementum 1.5J2 times as long as wide. 3 of them nearly in a straight line; katepimeron hairy. 0+1 Thorax black on dorsum, grayish yellow pollinose, with ac, 3+3J4 dc, 0+2 ia, 3J4 sa, anterior one short, 2J4+1 2 wide and 2 narrow black longitudinal vittae, inner vitta katepisternal setae. Tegula and basicosta brown. Legs about 1/4 as wide as pollinose portion between inner and reddish yellow, black on posterodorsal portion of fore outer vittae; postpronotal lobe, scutellum and postalar femur, mid tibia with 2J3 ad, 3 pd and 1J2 v setae, hind callus and around wing bases reddish yellow. thoracic tibia with a row of irregular 3J6 ad, 2J3 pd and 3 v setae, pleura gray pollinose, anterior spiracle yellow, long-ovoid, and 2 d and 1 av setae at apex. Claw or pulvillus equal to posterior lappets of posterior spiracle sub-circular, dark

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 67 brown, its margin yellowish. Prosternum bare, about 2 lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin. Leg times as long as wide, postpronotal lobe with 2 setae, 0+1 including coxa, femur, tibia, tarsus, claw and pulvillus ac, 3+3 dc, 0+2 ia, 3 sa, anterior one as long as posterior wholly yellow to reddish yellow, fore tibia with 2J4 ad on two, proepisternum bare, notopleuron bare, at most with upper 2/3, 2 p setae (0J3), mid tibia with 1 ad, 2 p setae, 2J3 black hairs, 1+1 katepisternal setae, katepimeron with without v seta, hind tibia with 2J3 av, 2 ad and 2 pd setae, 1J2 small black hairs on anterior portion, meron with a row and 1 ad, 1 d and 1 v setae at apex; tarsus longer than head of strong setae on posterior part; scutellum with 3 pairs of height, claw and pulvillus slightly longer than fifth marginal and a pair of weak discal setae. Wings brownish, tarsomere. tegula and basicosta reddish yellow to brown; costal spine Abdomen yellow, long ovate, with a dark brown longi- about 1/2 length of crossvein r-m, second sectors of costa tudinal median vitta, posterior portion of tergite 4 and hairy ventrally, relative length of second, third and fourth anterior 4/5 of tergite 5 dark brown. Sternite 1 yellow. costal sectors approximately as 1 : 2 : 1, vein M from dm- Abdominal tergites without discal seta, syntergites 1+2 cu crossvein to its bend subequal to the distance between excavated to middle portion away from posterior margin, the bend and wing margin, vein M at bent blunt angle, with 1J2 lateral marginal setae, 1J3 lateral discal setae, without short appendage, narrowly opened with vein R4+5 without median marginal seta, tergite 3 with 2 median at end; Halters reddish yellow. Calypter brownish yellow, marginal, 1J2 lateral marginal and 1J3 lateral discal

Fig. 5 Trixa longipennis (Villeneuve), comb. nov. (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) abdominal sternite 5. Scale = 0.25 mm.

Insect Science 12, 57J71 68 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima setae, terigte 4 and 5 each with a row of posterior marginal 1997, H. Shima; 1 male, Shuimoping, 1 500J1 800 m, SW. and some lateral discal setae. Sternite 1 with black hairs of Banfangzi, Zhouzhi, Shaanxi, July 6, 1997, T. Saigusa. on margin. Sternite 5 nearly square, posterior lobe long, 3 males, Mts. Alishan, Chiai Hsien, Taiwan, June 6, 1970 wide, and bluntly round apically, V-shaped median cleft and July 4J5, 1975, H. Kurahashi; 1 male, Tengpu Nantou, deep, cerci slender and pointed, slightly short and pointed July 5J10, 1977, Taiwan, H. Takizawa (BLKU). on apical half; surstylus long, wide and bluntly round Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan). apically; gonopod short and slightly bent at apex, paramere Remarks. The male of this species is described here for longer than basiphallus, latter flattened and pointed the first time. This species differs from the other species of apically; distiphallus slender, plate-shape, sclerotized Trixa in having bare fronto-orbital plate, wide parafacial basal part long than membranous apical part, ejaculatory and plumose arista. apodeme small, shorter than 1/3 length of aedeagal apodeme. Trixa caerulescens Meigen, 1824 (Fig. 6) Female. Vertex 0.34J0.40 of head width, parafacial slightly more than 2 times as wide as first flagellomere at middle, Trixa caerulescens Meigen, 1824: 224. Kolomiets, 1973: face rather weakly concave, with week facial carina, gena 106 (note). Mesnil, 1980: 11 (as a subspecies of alpina). about 0.6J0.8 of eye height. Inner vertical setae strong, Herting, 1984: 138 (catalog). Zimin, (1967)1988: 1274 crossed each other, about 2/3 of eye height, outer vertical (key). Herting & Dely-Draskovits, 1993: 355 (catalog). setae fine, about 2/3 of inner one, ocellar seta subequal in Belshaw, 1993: 107 (note). Tschorsnig & Herting, 1994: length to outer vertical seta, 6J8 frontal setae, fronto-orbital 79 (key). Bergström, 2002 (misidentification). plate only with several fine hairs; occiput with many fine Trixa alpina Meigen, 1824: 223. Syn. nov. black hairs on upper half. First flagellomere about 2.6 times Synonyms: Trixa ferruginea Meigen, 1824: 224. Trixa as long as pedicel, arista plumose, including plumosity grisea Meigen, 1824: 224. grisea Robineau- slightly more than 1.5 times as wide as first flagellomere, Desvoidy, 1830: 314. Trixa scutellata Newman, 1833: prementum short, palpus inflated at apical 2/3. Costal spine 507. Trixa schummeli Rotermund, 1836: 86. Trixa limbata absent or short, about 1/2 as long as crossvein r-m. Mid tibia Zetterstedt, 1838: 630. Trixa obscura Zetterstedt, 1838: with 2 ad setae, hind tibia with 3 preapical d setae, posterior 630. Trixa aurea Kolomiets, 1973: 109. seta fine but distinct, without distinct apical pv seta. Claw Diagnosis. Antenna short, 1/4J1/2 of gena height. and pulvillus shorter than 5th tarsomere. Abdomen ovate, Prosternum bare; scutellum reddish-yellow at apex, with reddish-brown to dark brown in ground color; dorsum with some straight discal setae, without crossed apical scutellar thin grayish-white pollinosity which is well visible on ante- setae. Femora reddish-yellow, hind tibia with 2 apically d rior 1/3 of tergite 3, 1/2 of tergite 4 and entire tergite 5 in setae. Abdominal syntergites 1+2 and tergite 3 with some posterior view. Syntergites 1+2 without median marginal irregular discal setae, tergite 3 with wide black transverse seta. Other characters are same as male. band and a complete row of marginal setae. Body length 8.3J13.2 mm. Material examined. Germany: 1 female, Arnsbg Wald Material examined. Lectotype female of Dexiotrix Straß, 229, June 15, 1956, B. Herting, det. Tschorsnig longipennis Villeneuve, Mt. Eme (Omei), Si Gi Pin, Sichuan (BLKU). Two males, 1 female, Lpm and Boh provinces, (Szechuen), China, August 1925, G.C. Graham (USNM). Sweden, Boheman (SMNH). Other specimens: China: 2 males, Mts. Emei, Jiulaodong, 1 Distribution. Europe, Russia (West Siberia). 800J1 900 m, Sichuan, July 30JAugust 2, 1957, Y. Yu; 3 Remarks. The status of T. alpina Meigen and T. males, July 31JAugust 2, 1957, Keren Huang, 1 male, caerulescens Meigen has not been completely solved. August 14, 1957, Fuxing Zhu, all same place as above; 1 They are very similar to each other and difficult to be female, Liangfengya, 1 900J2 100 m, Fuping, Shaanxi, discriminated in general features. The former is treated as July 24, 1998, Jian Yao (IZCAS). 65 males, 4 females, H. a junior synonym of latter here. This species differs from Shima, 10 males, 8 females, Xin Lin, 8 males, 1 female, A. other species of Trixa in having reddish yellow scutellum Nakanishi, Jiuzhaigou, Tazhan, 2 200 m, Sichuan, August and femora, 2 apical d setae on the hind tibia, a complete 1, 1993; 14 males, 5 females, Daoba, 2 400 m, Jiuzhaigou, row of marginal setae on the abdominal tergite 3, and Sichuan, August 3, 1993, H. Shima; 1 male, 1 female, lacking of crossed apical scutellar setae. Liangfengya, 2 000J2 100 m, 12 km WNW, Longcaoping, Fuping, Shaanxi, June 24, 1997, H. Shima; 3 males, Xigou, Trixa conspersa (Harris, 1776) (Fig. 7) 1 340J1 400 m, 5 km NW of Longcaoping, Fuping, Shaanxi, June 27, 1997, H. Shima; 2 males, Bridge 3 km Musca conspersa Harris, [1776]: 38. Mesnil. 1980: 14 NW of Donghetai, 1 500 m, Fuping, Shaanxi, June 28, (Description). Richter & Farinets, 1984: 150 (first instar

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 69 larva). Herting, 1984: 138 (catalog). Herting & Dely- yellow, fore tibia with 1 strong av seta at apex, hind tibia Draskovits, 1993: 355 (catalog). Belshaw, 1993: 106 (note). with 3 apical d setae, tarsi longer than head height. Abdo- Tschorsnig & Herting, 1994: 79 (key). men of male reddish yellow, with a wide black median Synonyms: Trixa dorsalis Meigen, 1824: 225. Trixa vitta; abdomen of female black, densely grey pollinose, variegata Meigen, 1824: 225. Crameria oestroidea black on posterior portion. Syntergites 1+2 without or with Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 225. Trixa amsteinii Macquart, weak discal setae, tergite 3 with a complete row of marginal 1848: 103. Trixa imhoffi Macquart, 1848: 102. Trixa setae, tergites 3 to 5 with irregular discal setae. buchtarmaensis Kolomiets, 1973: 110. Material examined. Germany: 1 female, Württemberg, Diagnosis. Antenna and palpi reddish-yellow, antenna Öffingen, N. N. O. 20 km, Hart Kr. Waiblingen, 280 m, 1/2J2/3 of gena height, arista bare; prementum shorter July 6, 1963, A. Greb; 1 male, Württemberg, Hausen than antenna. Scutellum black, with strong and crossed (Fils), N. O. 1.25 km Hausener Fels Kr. Göppingen 720 scutellar apical setae; wing dark clouded on crossveins; m, September 1, 1963, A. Greb, det. Tschorsnig (BLKU). femora dark to reddish-brown, tibiae and tarsi reddish Russia: 2 males, 2 females, Bajkalski Reserve, Osinovka

Fig. 6 Trixa caerulescens Meigen (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) sternite 5. Scale = 0.25 mm.

Insect Science 12, 57J71 70 C. T. Zhang and H. Shima

Fig. 7 Trixa conspersa (Harris) (a) Dorsal view and (b) profile of epandrium, cerci and surstyli; (c) phallus in profile; (d) sternite 5. Scale = 0.25 mm.

Vall.Czum, August 7J11, 1999, C. Bystrowski (FRIP). Professor Wanqi Xue and Professor Mingfu Wang (SNUC), 1 male, Grissiehamn, Sweden, August 19, 1935, Uppl, Dr Hans-Peter Tschorsnig (SMNS), Dr James E. OHara Hedqren.; 1 female, Boh province, Sweden, 1 male, no (CNC, Sector of Systematic Entomology Agriculture and label, C. Bergström (SMNH). Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa), Dr Thomas Pape (SMNH), Distribution. Europe (Type-locality: England), Russia Dr N. E. Woodly (USNM) and Dr Cezary Bystrowski (Siberia), Kazakhstan, (FRIP), for their loans of specimens, especially to Dr H. P. Remarks. This species is the type species of Trixa Meigen Tschorsnig, who read our manuscript, for his critical re- and differs from other species in having bare arista, clouded view and suggestion. We are thankful to anonymous re- cross-veins, a strong av seta on apical fore tibia and a row viewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. The first of marginal setae on abdominal tergite 3. author thanks Professor T. Saigusa and Professor O. Yata, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Dr S. Shinonaga, Dr. H. Kurahashi and Dr M. Takahashi, Tokyo, Professor Yi Pang Acknowledgement and Dr Hong Pang, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, Dr Min Wang, South China Agricultural University, We are grateful to Professor Chienming Chao (IZCAS), Guangzhou, for their support and help. This study was

Insect Science 12, 57J71 A revision of the genus Trixa Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae) 71 supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Russian). (B)(1)(No.12440241) from the Japan Society for the Pro- Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. motion of Science and the China Postdoctoral Science Mémoires présentés par divers Savans à lAcadémie Royale Foundation (No. 2003034447). des Sciences de lInstitut de France, Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques, pp. 1J813. lAcadémie Royale des Sciences de 1 Institut de France, Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques, References Paris. Sabrosky, C. W., Thomson, F. C. and Evenhuis, N. L. (1999) Belshaw, R. (1993) Tachinid (Diptera: Tachinidae). Hand- Family-group Names in Diptera and Bibliography. North books for the Identification of British Insects Vol. 10, part 4a American Dipterists Society, Backhuys, Leiden. (i), pp. 1J168. Royal Entomological Society of London, Shima, H. 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