Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 965–980, 2017 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/965/2017/ doi:10.5194/acp-17-965-2017-supplement © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

Supplement of Biomass burning aerosols and the low-visibility events in

Hsiang-He Lee et al.

Correspondence to: Hsiang-He Lee ([email protected])

The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence. 26 Table S1. Population of 50 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) cities 27 City County Population 1 10135030 2 Bangkok Thailand 8305218 Ho Chi Minh 3 Vietnam 7981411 City 4 Hanoi Vietnam 7067000 5 Singapore Singapore 5399000 6 Yangon Myanmar 5451439 7 Indonesia 2843114 8 Quezon City Philippines 2761720 9 Indonesia 2575478 10 Indonesia 2510951 11 Indonesia 2185789 12 Indonesia 2001925 13 Hai Phong Vietnam 1946000 14 Indonesia 1869681 15 Manila Philippines 1652171 16 Indonesia 1575058 17 Indonesia 1561959 18 Caloocan Philippines 1489040 19 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 1475337 20 Davao City Philippines 1449296 21 Indonesia 1436187 22 Indonesia 1398804 23 Phnom Penh Cambodia 1242992 24 Can Tho Vietnam 1237300 25 Indonesia 1142646 26 Pekan Baru Indonesia 1030742 27 Indonesia 1022022 28 Da Nang Vietnam 1007000 29 Bien Hoa Vietnam 1104495 30 Bandar Indonesia 923970 31 Johor Bahru Malaysia 916409 32 Mandalay Myanmar 896783 33 Indonesia 876880 34 Cebu City Philippines 866171 35 Indonesia 856412 36 Indonesia 843284 37 Indonesia 842691 38 Zamboanga City Philippines 807129 39 George Town Malaysia 738500 40 Malaysia 704572 41 Taguig Philippines 695793 42 Indonesia 683386 43 Antipolo Philippines 677741 44 Indonesia 675030 45 Shah Alam Malaysia 671282 46 Pasig Philippines 669773 47 Indonesia 645866 48 Indonesia 643101 49 Petaling Jaya Malaysia 638516 50 Kuching Malaysia 617887 28

2 (a) (f)

29 (b) (g)

30 (c) (h)

31 (d) (i)

32 (e) (j)

33

34 35 Figure S1. Same as Fig. 9 but during August to October, 2003–2014. 36

3 37 (a) (b)

Days

38 39 (c)

Days

40 41 421 Figure S2. Hovmöller (time vs. longitude) plot of daily precipitation (mm day-1) in 2006 43 derived from: (a) TRMM, (b) FNL_FINN, and (c) ERA_FINN. Latitude average is from 44 10°S to 10°N. 45

4 46 (a)

47 (b)

48 (c)

49 (d)

50 51 Figure S3. (a) Seasonal mean surface wind (m sec-1) in NCEP-FNL reanalysis data during 52 February to April 2003-2014. (b) Same as (a) but during August to October. (c) Seasonal 53 mean surface wind in ERA-Interim reanalysis data during February to April 2003-2014. 54 (d) Same as (c) but during August to October.

5 55 (a)

56 (b)

57 (c)

58 (d)

59 60 Figure S4. (a) The wind difference between FNL_FINN and NCEP-FNL reanalysis data 61 during February to April 2003-2014. (b) Same as (a) but during August to October. (c) 62 The wind difference between ERA_FINN and ERA-Interim reanalysis data during 63 February to April 2003-2014. (d) Same as (c) but during August to October. Units are in 64 m sec-1.

6 65 66 (a) 14 Bangkok, Thailand 12 10 8 6 4

visibility (Km) 2 obs. FNL_FINN FNL_GFED 0 A A A A A A A A A A A A M M M M M M M M M M M M

67 (b) 2003 F 2004 F 2005 F 2006 F 2007 F 2008 F 2009 F 2010 F 2011 F 2012 F 2013 F 2014 F 14 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 12 10 8 6 4 visibility (Km) 2 0 S S S S S S S S S S S S O O O O O O O O O O O O

68 2003 A 2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 2007 A 2008 A 2009 A 2010 A 2011 A 2012 A 2013 A 2014 A (c) 14 Singapore, Singapore 12 10 8 6 4

visibility (Km) 2 0 S S S S S S S S S S S S O O O O O O O O O O O O

69 (d) 2003 A 2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 2007 A 2008 A 2009 A 2010 A 2011 A 2012 A 2013 A 2014 A 14 Kuching, Malaysia 12 10 8 6 4

visibility (Km) 2 0 S S S S S S S S S S S S O O O O O O O O O O O O

70 2003 A 2004 A 2005 A 2006 A 2007 A 2008 A 2009 A 2010 A 2011 A 2012 A 2013 A 2014 A 71 Figure S5. Comparison of daily visibility between GSOD observation (black lines), 72 FNL_FINN modeled result (red lines) and FNL_GFED modeled result (green lines) in: 73 (a) Bangkok, (b) Kuala Lumpur, (c) Singapore, (d) Kuching during the fire seasons from

7 74 2003 to 2014. F, M and A in the x-axis of (a) indicates February, March and April, 75 respectively. A, S and O in the x-axis of (b) – (d) represents August, September, and 76 October, respectively. 77 78

8 (a) 0.6 0.5 FINNv1.5_s2 0.4 GFEDv4.1s_s2 0.3 0.2 (Tg/year) 0.1 ire PM2.5 emission 0.0 01/06 11/06 21/06 01/07 11/07 21/07 31/07 79 (b) 350 obs. 300 FNL_FINN 250 FNL_GFED 200 150

(ug/m3) 100 50

PM2.5 concentration 0 01/06 11/06 21/06 01/07 11/07 21/07 31/07 80

(c) (d) FINNv1.5 PM2.5 emission GFEDv4.1s PM2.5 emission

81 -1 82 Figure S6. (a) Time series of daily mean PM2.5 emissions (Tg year ) in (s2) from 83 FINNv1.5 (red line) and GFEDv4.1s (green line). (b) Time series of daily mean PM2.5 84 concentration (µg m-3) in Singapore from observation (black line), and modeled results 85 from FNL_FINN (red line) and FNL_GFED (green line). (c) Monthly mean PM2.5 86 emissions (Tg year-1) from FINNv1.5 in June 2013. (d) same as (c) but from GFEDv4.1s. 87

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