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• LEGACY: HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF B.,C., 1919-1994 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 1919-1994 RT 81 C22 Glennis Zilm and Ethel Warbinek B8 '7. C)5 1994 HLTHSC _/ I ill --------------- ~ - -- I I ' I Ex LIBRIS UNIVERSITATIS " ®~ ---------MQ ALBERTENSIS • · < ' \ - I l I I I I I I ii l I I 1 \ - I l I I I I Ii l Legacy: History of Nursing Education at the University of British Columbia, 1919-1994 l \ I I I II I I l - GLENNIS ZILM AND ETHEL WARBINEK I I Legacy: History of Nursing Education at the University of British Columbia, 1919-1994 I UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF NURSING . ; . 1 - © Glennis Zilm and Ethel Warbinek 1994 All rights reserved Printed in Canada on acid-free paper oo ISBN 0-88865-234-8 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Zilm, Glennis. Legacy Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88865-234-8 1. University of British Columbia. School of Nursing. 2. Nursing-Study and teaching (Higher)-British Columbia­ I Vancouver. 1. Warbinek, Ethel. II. University of British I Columbia, School of Nursing. III. Title. RT8I.c22v395 1994 1: University of British Columbia School of Nursing 22II Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, BC v6T 2B5 (604) 822-7417 I i Distributed by UBC Press I University of British Columbia 6344 Memorial Rd Vancouver, BC v6T 1Z2 (604) 822-3259 i Fax: ( 604) 822-6083 : I I I I Design and typesetting by Brenda and Neil, Typographies West Index by Annette Lorek Printed and bound in Canada by D.W. Friesen & Sons Ltd. I UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA - Contents - Illustrations I vii Foreword I xiii I Linda Gomez, President Nursing Alumni Division Preface I xvii 1 A Climate for Change I 3 2 The Ethel Johns Years, 1919-1925 I 24 3 The Mabel Gray Years, 1925-194i I 60 4 The Evelyn Mallory Years, 1941-1967 I 100 I 5 The Beth McCann Years, 1967-1971 I 159 6 The Muriel Uprichard Years, 1971-1977 I 185 7 The Marilyn Willman Years, 1977-1993 I 216 I 8 Looking to the Future I 263 I Notes I 267 Bibliography I 285 Index I 299 About the Authors I 315 I I .I I I I I I '• I I I Illustrations Photographs were obtained from several sources and acknowledgment is given below. Where no indication of the source is given, the photograph .I is from the University of British Columbia School of Nursing Archival Collection. CHAPTER I 1.1 City Hospital located between Pender, Beatty, and Cambie Streets, 1888. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 7 1.2 Vancouver City Hospital grounds, 1902. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 7 1.3 Vancouver General Hospital students, class of 1908. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 8 1.4 VGH Ambulance donated by the Women's Auxiliary in 1902. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 8 1.5 Isolation cottages. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 9 1.6 Vancouver General Hospital building, 1916. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 10 1.7 Operating room at Vancouver General Hospital in 1906. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I IO I 1.8 Caseroom, Vancouver General Hospital, 1908, with nurses Miss I Hastie (later Montgomery) and Miss Stone (later Wilson). Courtesy I Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 11 1.9 East and West wings of the nurses' residence on 10th Avenue and Heather Street. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences i I Centre I II 1.10 New nurses' home erected in 1914 I 12 I.II Room in the new nurses' residence, 1915. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 13 1.12 Army tents on the University's Fairview site. Courtesy Special '• Collections, UBC Library I 14 I Vlll Illustrations r.13 "Fairview Shacks" with Vancouver General Hospital in the distance. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 14 11 r.14 Helen Randal, Superintendent of Nurses, Vancouver General Hospital, 1912-1916. Courtesy RNABC I 17 r.15 Malcolm T. MacEachern, first General Superintendent of Vancouver General Hospital, 1913-1923. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 21 CHAPTER 2 2.l Ethel Johns, Superintendent of Nurses at Vancouver General Hospital, 1919-1922 I 24 II 2.2 Ethel Johns with students enrolled in the UBC nursing program in I 1921 I 32 2.3 The Cowichan Health Centre in Duncan in 1920. Courtesy Canadian Public Health Association I 38 2.4 The first Diploma in Public Health Nursing was awarded to Louise Buckley, April 12, 192r. Donated by Des Jones, Louise Buckley's son I 39 2.5 Saanich War Memorial Centre opened in 1919, the first health ,, centre to be established in the province. Courtesy Canadian Public Health Association I 39 2.6 Nursing instruction in Heather Annex after the influenza epidemic, I circa 1919. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 46 2.7 Vancouver General Hospital nurses or students in nursing station, circa early 1900s. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences ! Centre I 47 2.8 Men's surgical ward in Heather Pavilion, 1918. Courtesy Vancouver I Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 47 I 2.9 Class of nursing students at Fairview. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC library I 49 2.10 UBC buildings at Fairview. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 51 I 2.II UBC students assembled outside the Arts building at Fairview. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 51 2.12 Great Trek parade from downtown Vancouver to Point Grey, October 29, 1922. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 52 2.13 Nursing students in the Great Trek parade, October 22, 1922. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 52 2.14 UBC students assembled on girders of the unfinished Science building. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 53 I Illustrations ix 2.15 Cairn located on Main Mall in front of the Chemistry building. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 53 2.16 Ethel Johns. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 58 CHAPTER 3 r 3-1 Mabel Gray, Nursing head of the UBC Department of Nursing and Health, 1925-1941 I 60 3.2 Science building, completed in 1925. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 64 3.3 Nursing laboratory in the Science building in 1931. Courtesy Special Collections, UBC Library I 65 H Reading room in the Science building, circa 1926 I 65 3.5 Margaret Kerr (BASc(N) 1926), public health nursing instructor and later assistant professor, 1929-1944 I 72 3.6 Margaret Kerr and Mabel Gray at the graduation tea for the class of 1933 I 73 J.7 Public health nursing diploma class of 1938. Courtesy Betty Merrick I 77 3.8 Nursing faculty, 1937 I 79 3.9 Anatomy class at Fairview, Vancouver General Hospital, circa 1935 I 82 J.10 Home visiting uniform worn in the 1920s I 83 3.II Esther Naden (BASc(N) 1924), charge nurse at the Saanich Health Centre. Courtesy Canadian Public Health Association I 84 3.12 Probationers practising bandaging in a demonstration room at the Vancouver General Hospital. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 87 J.13 Nursing Undergraduate Executive (NUE), 1933 I 88 J.14 Esther Paulson (DipPHN 1934). Courtesy Esther Paulson I 90 J.15 Marg McPhee (DipPHN 1933) at a well baby clinic. Courtesy Betty Hall I 94 J.16 Alice Beattie (DipPHN 1938) in front of the Cowichan Health Centre, Duncan, in 1939· Courtesy Canadian Public Health Association I 94 J.17 Marjorie (Staniforth) Wisby (BASc(N) 1941), a public health nurse in the Peace River district following graduation. Courtesy Canadian Public Health Association I 96 p8 Public Health Nursing class of 1938. Courtesy Betty Merrick I 98 CHAPTER 4 4.1 Evelyn Mallory, 1941-1967 I 100 4.2 In 1946, Nursing moved to the Orchard huts, former army barracks I II 3 4.3 Class of 1950 in front of one of the Orchard huts I u3 x Illustrations 4.4 The F.F. Wesbrook building opened in 1951 on the corner of University Boulevard and East Mall I u5 4.5 Students' common room in Wesbrook I II5 4.6 School of Nursing faculty, 1954 I u8 4.7 The new eight-storey student residence at Vancouver General Hospital I 120 4.8 Senior Tea, 1958 I 120 4.9 School of Nursing open house, 1955 I 123 4.10 UBC students assigned to the milk lab at Vancouver General Hospital. Courtesy Elizabeth Robertson (BSN 1958) I 124 4.II Elizabeth Robertson (BSN 1958) in the service room, Heather Pavilion, VGH. Courtesy Elizabeth Robertson I 125 I 4.12 Students in the class of 1958 ready for their operating room experience. Courtesy Elizabeth Robertson (BSN 1958) I 127 4.13 Pediatric experience for Arlene Aish (BSN 1958) in the Health Centre for Children. Courtesy Vancouver Hospital Health Sciences Centre I 128 4.14 Pediatric nursing in the Health Centre for Children I 128 4.15 Evelyn Mallory with Barbara (Blackwood) Kozier (BSN 1955) and ' Laurie Larsen (BSN 1955) I 131 4.16 Graduation day, 1950 I 132 4.17 Margaret Street, faculty member from 1962-1972. Courtesy Margaret Street I 136 4.18 Distinctive UBC uniform, circa 1960. Courtesy Brooke Richardson­ I Jenkins (BSN 1991) I 139 4.19 UBC School of Nursing pin, 1958 I 139 I 4.20 Aileen Bond (DipPHN 1942), senior public health nurse in Dawson Creek, Halfway Valley Reserve, in 1949· Courtesy Canadian Public Health Association I 142 4.21 The Woodward Biomedical Library in 1965 I 145 4.22 First capping ceremony held at St.
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