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Ao meu esposo Alcemir F. Cristiano, que tanto colaborou para o término deste trabalho e aos meus pais, incansáveis parceiros na jornada em busca do conhecimento. E em memória de Jorge Amiltom de Medeiros Machado, Primo no sangue, mas irmão amado e amigo no coração, onde sempre esteve e para sempre estará. Meus agradecimentos ao orientador, professor João Bosco da Mota Alves, que com paciência contribuiu com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, e aos colegas do RexLab, especialmente ao Maurício de Paula e Luiz Rodrigues Maia Neto, que colaboraram imensamente com a realização deste. À Muriel de Fátima Bernhardt, amiga e companheira de todos os momentos alegres e difíceis dessa caminhada em busca do conhecimento. À Andréia Miranda, que com carinho acolhe a todos, esbanjando seu carisma, e a todos os amigos conquistados no período de desenvolvimento deste trabalho. SUMÁRIO RESUMO .......................................................................................................................ix ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................x11ii 1 INTRODUÇÃO..........................................................................................................13 2 DO UNIX AOS SISTEMAS ABERTOS ...................................................................16 2.1 CONCEITO DE SOFTWARE LIVRE ............................................................................... 19 2.2 LICENÇAS ....................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1 BSD (BERKELEY SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION).................................................... 21 2.2.2 GPL (GNU PUBLIC LICENSE) ................................................................................. 22 2.2.3 LGPL (LIBRARY GPL).............................................................................................. 23 3 LINUX........................................................................................................................24 3.1 LINUX EMBARCADO..................................................................................................... 25 3.1.1 FREESCO................................................................................................................... 27 3.1.2 CYCLADES ............................................................................................................... 27 3.2 CRIANDO SUA PRÓPRIA DISTRIBUIÇÃO LINUX....................................................... 29 3.2.1 CRIANDO UMA INSTALAÇÃO BASE .................................................................... 31 4 FREEBSD...................................................................................................................34 4.1 CONFIGURANDO O FREEBSD ...................................................................................... 36 4.3 PICOBSD .......................................................................................................................... 40 4.3.1 COMO CONSTRUIR UMA VERSÃO PERSONALIZADA DO PICOBSD................ 40 4.4 JUNIPER........................................................................................................................... 42 4.4.1 CONFIGURANDO O FIREWALL BÁSICO NO FREEBSD ...................................... 44 5 DESENVOLVENDO O PROTÓTIPO......................................................................50 5.1 CONFIGURANDO O FREEBSD COMO ROTEADOR..................................................... 53 6 CONCLUSÕES..........................................................................................................56 7 ANEXOS ....................................................................................................................58 LICENÇA GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (LGPL) ...................................... 58 LICENÇA BSD....................................................................................................................... 69 LICENÇA XFREE86 PROJECT.............................................................................................. 71 LICENÇA TCL/TK................................................................................................................. 72 ARTISTIC LICENSE .............................................................................................................. 74 APPLE PUBLIC SOURCE LICENSE ..................................................................................... 77 JUNIPER PUBLIC LICENSE.................................................................................................. 86 PARTE DO CÓDIGO FONTE JUNIPER ................................................................................ 88 ROTINAS DE CONTROLE DE ACESSO........................................................................... 88 JUNIPER FIREWALL – ROTINAS DE KERNEL .............................................................. 95 ANÁLISE GRAMATICAL DO ARQUIVO JUNIPERD.CONF..........................................108 LISTA DE PLACAS DE REDE COMPATÍVEIS ...................................................................130 MÓDULOS DE REDE DISPONÍVEIS...................................................................................133 QUANTOS FREEBSD HACKERS SÃO NECESSÁRIOS PARA TROCAR UMA LÂMPADA? ..................................................................................................................................................................139 7 BIBLIOGRAFIA...................................................................................................... 142 vii LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURA 1 - LOGO DO LINUX..................................................................................................................... 25 FIGURA 2 - CYCLADES NL-1000................................................................................................................ 28 FIGURA 3 - LOGO FREEBSD...................................................................................................................... 35 FIGURA 4 - MENU PRINCIPAL DO CLOSEDBSD. [SIM – 16] .................................................................. 54 FIGURA 5 - MENU DE CONFIGURAÇÃO DO CLOSEDBSD. [SIM - 16]................................................... 54 viii RESUMO Sistemas de computação embarcados, presentes em equipamentos como Microondas, telefones celulares, automóveis, naves espaciais, etc., já fazem parte do cotidiano. Especialmente nas soluções dedicadas a aplicações simples e sem conectividade, onde o hardware é projetado para resolver uma aplicação específica, e o sistema operacional e todo o software aplicativo, auto- suficientes, possuem interface de usuário limitada: celulares, microondas, etc. Com o crescimento da Internet, estes sistemas começaram a crescer em sua complexidade. Para resolver problemas clássicos de sistemas embarcados, passou a ser exigido dos desenvolvedores uma atenção maior à conectividade, para enviar e receber dados ou prover um método automatizado para atualizar as versões de software. Uma das principais preocupações no desenvolvimento em soluções embarcadas está na escolha de um hardware que seja compatível com cada nova versão. Com o rápido desenvolvimento do setor de alta tecnologia, soluções de hardware e software devem ser flexíveis o bastante para satisfazer as necessidades da constante evolução de mercados e clientes. Dessa forma, a união de hardwares com a utilização de softwares de códigos abertos tornaram-se o mais viável, no que diz respeito a essas novas especificações com custos mais baixos. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar um modelo de plataforma de desenvolvimento de ix sistemas de computação embarcados com software livre, comparando-o com sistemas comerciais atuais, e visando baixar custos com sistemas similares, como CYCLADES ou FREESCO desenvolvido em LINUX,
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