DOCUMENT RESUME

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AUTHOR Woods, Martha P. TITLE Secret of . : An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7. INSTITUTION State Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh. Div. of Parks and Recreation. PUB DATE Feb 94 NOTE 59p.; For related guides, see SE 054 736-744 and SE 054 746. AVAILABLE FROMNorth Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, NC 27611-7687. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Instructional Materials (For Learner)(051) Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS 'Archaeology; Cataloging; Environmental Education; *Equipment; Grade 5; Grade 6; Grade 7; Intermediate Grades; Junior High Schools; Parks; *Research Methodology; Science Activities; Science Education IDENTIFIERS *Algonquin (Tribe); Environmental Awareness; Hands On Experience; Mountains; Native Americans; *North. Carolina State Parks System

ABSTRACT This activity guide, developed to provide hands-on environmental education activities geared to Pettigrew State Park in North Carolina, is targeted for grades 5, 6, and 7 and meets curriculum objectives of the standard course of study established by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. Three types of activities are included: pre-visit, on-site, and port-visit. The on-site activity is conducted at the park, while pre- and post-visit activities are designed for the classroom. Major concepts included are: archeology, Carolina Algonkian Indians, preservation of cultural resources, research methods, and protection. Includes a vocabulary list, scheduling worksheet, parental permission form, North Carolina Parks and Recreation program evaluation, and information about the Pettigrew State Park and Native Americans of Eastern North Carolina. An appendix contains a reference guide to projectiles points and ceramic vessels found at Lake Phelps. (MKR)

*********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *****************::***************************************************** SECS OF

- .e r 104I1 LAKE PHELPS

U.S. OEPAWFIAZNT OF EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO Deuce o Eddcatttoor get.aatcn adoimdloveraertt MATERIAL HAS REPRODUCE THIS BEEN GRANTED EDUCATIONAL RE JuRcesINF ORMAItON BY CENTE9 cERICt J.B. ThisdOCuMent h&S Deedretrodoced as Halisey eceedfrom+ the oetson otwolttabon oodtrtattno nl enanpes been made tO reptoductt0A Ovahty 12S Ot .ew00.nlons stated ,Intsdockt TO THE represent att,c.a. EDUCATIONAL mem do no' aecessatoy INFORMATION RESOURCES OEFII dosdort or 0011Cy CENTER (ERIC)."

Pettigrew State Park An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7 SECRETS OF

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stiWliogro, - 44.44 LAKE PHELPS

Pettigrew State Park An Environmental Education Learning Experience Designed for Grades 5-7 "The archaeological significance of Lake Phelps lies in the fact that the sites there represent use of the lake and its surrounding environment during every known cultural period of North Carolina prehistoly and history; more important, the lake has preserved the wooden boats used by the people who inhabited the sites to seek out the resources they required. Lake Phelps offers a unique opportunity to study human use of a special environmental niche in the North Carolina coastal plain."

- David Sutton Phelps

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Funding for this publication was generously provided by C P&L 111111111P1111111

5 ii This Environmental Education Learning Experience was developed by

Martha P. Woods. Lead Interpretation and Education Ranger. Pettigrew State Park

N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources

James B. Hunt, Jr. CoATA E Ft Jonathan B Howes Governor Secretary Other Contributors...

Park volunteers;

Dr. David Sutton Phelps, Professor of Anthropology and Associate Director, Institute for Historical and Cultural Res arch. East Carolina University:

Stephen R. Clageett, State Archaeologist, Office of State Archaeology. Division of Archives and History. N.C. Department of Cultural Resources:

Richard Lawerence, Mark Wilde-Ramsing, Leslie Bright and Julep Gillman-Bryan. Underwater Archaeology Unit, Division of Archives and History, N.C. Department of Cultural Resources:

Mrs. Beatrice 's 1993 fifth grade class, Washington County Union School, Roper. N.C.:

Frank Kenan Barnard:

The N.C. Department of Public Instruction:

The N.C. Department of' Environment. Health and Natural Resources:

and the many individuals and agencieswhoassisted in the review of this publication.

5(X) copies of this public document v. ere printed at a cost of SI.750 or S3.5() per cop}

Pnnted on recycled paper.

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1.Introduction Introduction to the North Carolina State Parks System 1.1 Introduction to Pettigrew State Park Introduction to the Activity Packet. for Pettigrew State Park 1.6 Introduction to the Native Americans of Eastern North Carolina 1.7

2.Activity Summary

3.Pre-Visit Activity Trip to Lake Phelps 3. 1

4.On-Site Activity Archaeology at Lake Phelps 4.1

5.Post-Visit Activity Puzzle Pieces 5. 1

6.Vocabulary 6.1

7.References 7. 1

8.Appendix 8.1

9.Forms 9.1

10.Notes 10.1

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Preserving and protecting That was in 1915. The As one of North Carolina's North Carolina's natural North Carolina State Parks principal conservation agen- resources is actually a rela- System has now been estab- cies, the Division of Parks and tively new idea. The seeds of lished for more than three Recreation is responsible for the conservation movement quarters of a century. What the more than 125,000 acres were planted early in the 20th started out as one small plot that make up our state parks century when citizens were of public land has grown into system. The Division man- alerted to the devastation of 59 properties across the state. ages these resources for the Mount Mitchell. Logging including parks, recreation safe enjoyment of the public was destroying a well-known and protects and preserves landmark - the highest peak them as a part of the heritage east of the Mississippi. As we will pass on to generations the magnificent forests of to come. this mile-high peak fell to the An important component lumbermen's axe, alarmed of our stewardship of these citizens began to voice lands is education. Through their opposition. Gover- our interpretation and environ- nor Locke Craig joined mental education services, them in their efforts to the Division of Parks and save Mount Mitchell. Recreation strives to offer Together they convinced enlightening programs which the legislature to pass a bill lead to an understanding and establishing Mount Mitchell areas, trails, rivers, lakes and appreciation of our natural as the first state park. natural areas. This vast net- resources. The goal of our work of land boasts some of environmental education the most beautiful scenery in program is to generate an the world and offers endless awareness in all individuals recreation opportunities. But which cultivates responsible our state parks system offers stewardship of the earth. much more than scenery and recreation. Our lands and contain unique and valuable archaeological. geological and biological resources that are important parts of our natural heritage. For more information contact:

NC Division of Parks and Recreation P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 919/ 733-4181 9

Pettigrew State Park. NC 1. 1 February 1994' Introduction to Pettigrew State Park

Pettigrew Sate Park is state park has a rich and fasci- ventured into this "haunt of comprised of 16,600 acre Lake nating history, offering a beasts" to hunt and to look for Phelps and the 1,143 acres of glimpse into the relationship farmland. Most of the men land on which the park facili- of human cultures and nature turned back, but as the remain- ties are located. These include: over the past 10.000 years. ing few were about to leave, picnic area, information center, Native American Life Benjamin Tarkington climbed campground, trails and boat a tree and saw the lake a short ramp. The park is located off Artifacts found in the area distance away. His companion, of US 64. sewn miles south are evidence that Native Josiah Phelps, ran into the of Creswell, North Carolina, Americans were present as water while Tarkington was in Washington and Tyrrell early as 8000 B.C. Thousands still up in the tree. The first in counties. of relics. including pottery the Water. he claimed the right and spearpoints, have been to name it Lake Phelps. Lake Phelps uncovered. The most fascinat- Lake Phelps was formed ing discovery is a collection on a vast peninsula between of dugout found sunken The area surrounding Lake the and the in the lake, some of them Phelps was developed by Pamlico River. Scientists long nearly 4.400 years old. Josiah Collins, who emigrated have puzzled about its origin and have proposed many hypotheses, including under- ground springs, wind and wave action, meteor showers. peat burn and glacial activity. As of yet, no one theory has won universal acceptance. Sitting at one of the highest elevations in the area. Lake Phelps is shallow with anaver- age depth of 4.5 feet and a maximum depth of 9 feet. Its crystal clear waters are not fed by streams or springs but de- pend upon rainfall, making it one of the cleanest lakes in the Discovery of Lake Phelps from England and settled in state. The unusual ecology of Prior to the colonial discov- Edenton. Collins and his two the lake supports many speciesery of Lake Phelps in 1755, partners in the Lake Company of animals that usually do not the swampy area was known drained the swamp, transform- thrive in such an environment. as the Great Eastern Dismal ing the land into productive History Highlights and the Great Alligator Dis- agricultural fields and prosper- mal. The wilderness was ous plantations. Somerset From the mysterious origin so fearsome that explorers Place, named for Collins' home of Lake Phelps to the present refused to enter it. Tradition county of Somersetshire in day. North Carolina's largest holds that a group of hunters England, was established about

Pettigrew State Park, NC 1.2 10 February 1994 1787. Enslaved people were Commission apply to fisher- weed, buttercup, mist flower brought from to dig a men on Lake Phelps. and periwinkle. 6-mile cana: connecting Lake Boating A great place for bird- Phelps with the Scuppernong boats share Lake watching. Lake Phelps and its River. The , a remarkable Phelps with a variety of plea- adjoining woodlands are a feat of engineering for its time, sure craft. Canoes, , primary wintering ground served as a transportation route rowboats and power vessels for , geese and swans. and a channel for draining the all have ample room to enjoy December is the best month swamp between the ri and the clear shallow water. Lake to view such migrating birds Lake Phelps. Today, Somerset Phelps offers ideal conditions as the tundra swan, Canada Place is a state historic site for sailing in shallow draft goose and a variety of ducks. occupying eight acres of land boats. Access to the lake is Other birds such as , within Pettigrew State Park. It available at the rear the park and hawks make their is administered by the Div;sion office where two boat ramps homes in Pettigrew's giant of Archives and History of with piers offer facilities for trees, while the lakeshore pro- the Department of Cultural launching and docking boats. vides a habitat for kingfishers, Resources. Caution must he taken as boat- herons. egrets and a host of The Pettigrews ing conditions on the lake can other avians who seek food at the water's edge. Catch a Adjacent to Somerset Place change rapidly. glimpse of black hear or white- is what was once the Pettigrew Nature Study tailed deer or spot opossum, family farm, Bonarva. General An information center near fox, , , mink James Johnston Pettigrew, the the boat ramps displays Native and . Confederate Civil War hero for American dugout canoes and whom the pad: is named, and Program Options offers interpretive exhibits for his family left an indelible your enjoyment. Abounding with natural mark upon the history of the history. Pettigrew State Park state. General Pettigrew died Flora and Fauna is an excellent place to teach at an early age from a wound The mighty trees attract ecology, environmental issues, received during General Rob- quite a lot of attention. Big biology, conservation ert E. Lee's retreat following trees, many of them state the . The champions. can he found at Pettigrew family cemetery is Pettigrew State Park includ- located in the park. ing: pawpaw, swamp tupelo. \ Water Sports green ash, swamp bay, elderberry, hazel alder and Fishing sweetleaf. The trunks of Lake Phelps is an angler's haldcypress trees measure up paradise. known throughout to 10 feet in diameter and the East for its bass fishing. poplar trunks exceed six feet. The lake teems with large- Other species have trunks mouth bass, yellow perch and well over five feet in diameter. many species of sunfish, such Wildflowers lend color as , shellcracker and and beauty to the forests of pumpkinseed. Other - Pettigrew. Those often seen 1..4,10 1.4 fish found in the lake include I in the park include Atamasco pickerel and catfish. Regula- lily, Jack-in-the-pulpit, jewel- tions of the Wildlife Resources

Pettigrew State Park. NC 11 February 1994 and earth science, as well as to please contact the park office While at the Park: enjoy recreation. The area is at least 30 days in advance to Please obey the following rich with cultural resources andobtain a permit application. rules: provides a wonderful outdoor Before you make the Trip: 1. To help you get the most out classroom for learning about of the experience and increase Eastern North Carolina. 1. Complete the pre-visit activity in the Environmental the chance of observing wild- Groups are encouraged Education Activity Packet. life, be as quiet as possible to visit the park during all while in the park. 2. Visit the park without the seasons of the year for hikes, 2. On hikes, walk behind the exploration, nature study and participants prior to the group trip. This will allow you to leader at all times. Stay on the other activities. Leaders may trails. Running is not permit- choose to design and conduct become familiar with facilities ted. their own activities or to use and park staff-and to identify the Environmental Education any potential problems. 3. All plants and animals Activity Packet, "The Secrets 3. Group coordinators should within the park are protected. of Lake Phelps.- Park staff discuss park rules and behav- Breaking plants and harming will be happy to assist you ior expectations with adult animals are prohibited in all with your programming needs, leaders and participants. state parks. This allows future They will make every effort to Safety should he stressed. visitors the same opportunity to enjoy our natural resources. accommodate persons with 4. Inform the group about the disabilities. possibility of encountering 4. Picnic in designated picnic areas only. Help keep the park Scheduling a Trip: poison ivy, ticks, snakes and insects. Discuss the need to clean and natural: do not litter. 1. Please contact the park at use insect repellent from late 5. In case of accident or emer- least two weeks in advance to spring through early fall. gency. contact park staff make a reservation. 5. Everyone should wear a immediately. 2. Complete the scheduling name tag. Please color-code worksheet provided at the hack Following the Trip: tags (for groups) and establish of the activity packet on page I.Complete the post-visit a buddy system. 9.1. activity in the Environmental 6. Encourage everyone to wear 3. Research activity permits Education Learning Experi- appropriate, comfortable cloth- may be required for sampling ence packet. ing.and walking shoes. activities. If your group plans 2. Build upon the field to collect any plant. animal 7. Group leaders experience and encourage or mineral within the park, are responsible for participants to seek answer` obtaining a consent to questions and problems form .front each par- encountered at the park. ticipant including a 3. Relate the experience to listing of any health con- classroom activities and siderations and medical needs. curriculum through reports, These forms are available in projects, demonstrations, the activity packet on page 9.2. displays and presentations. 8. If you will be late or !wed to cancel your trip, please notify q ''; the park as .far ahead as pos- 1/I 7,p sible i! ts:*,..06. it v).;..rt). r.v 12 Pettigrew State Park. NC 1.4 Februar 1994 Introduction to the Activity Packet for Pettigrew Statp Park

The Environmental Educa- ground and vocabulary for the The first time a vocabulary tion Learning Experience, on-site activity. We encourage word is used in these activities "Secrets of Lake Phelps," you to use the post-visit activ- it is indicated in bold type. was developed to provide ity to reinforce concepts, skills Definitions are listed in the hands-on environmental edu- and vocabulary learned in the vocabulary section. A list of cation activities for the class- pre-visit and on-site activities. the reference materials used room and the outdoor setting These activities may be per- in developing the activities of Pettigrew State Park. This formed independently or in follows the vocabulary list. activity packet. designed to a series to build upon the stu- This document was de- be implemented in grades 5 dents' newly gained knowl- signed to be reproduced, in through 7, meets established edge and experiences. part or in its entirety. for use curriculum objectives of the The Environmental Educa- in North Carolina classrooms. North Carolina Department tion Learning Experience. If you wish to photocopy or of Public Instruction. Three "Secrets of Lake Phelps," adapt it for other uses, please types of activities are included: will expose the student to the credit the NC Division of Pre-visit activity following major concepts: Parks and Recreation. On-site activity Archaeology Post-visit activity Carolina Algonkian NOTE: Students will be re- The on-site activity will be Indians quired to hike to the on-site conducted at the park, while Preservation of cultural activity location. Poison ivy pre-visit and post-visit activi- resources and insects may be encountered ties are designed for the class- Research methods on the trail. Students should room. The pre-visit activity wear appropriate clothing and Protection shoes which cover their feet. should be introduced prior to Water and restroom facilities the park visit so that students are available at the park office. will have the necessary back-

13 Pettigrew State Park, NC 1.6 February 1994 4. Give tests or evaluations, Park Information: Other Educational Options if appropriate, to determine Address: in the area: if students have gained the Pettigrew State Park Address: desired information from the experience. Route 1, Box 336 Somerset Place State Creswell, NC 27928 Historic Site 5. File a written evaluation of Phone 919-797-4475 P.O. Box 337 the experience with the park. Hours of Operation: Creswell, NC 27928 Evaluation forms are available Tel: 919-797-4560 in the activity packet on page Nov Feb 8:00 a.m.- 6:00 p.m. 9.3. Mar. Oct 8:00 a.m.- 7:00 p.m.Pocosin Lakes National Apr.May,Sep 8:00 a.m.- 8:00 p.m.Wildlife Refuge Jun Aug 8:00 a.m.- 9:00 p.m. Route 1, Box 195-B Creswell, NC 27928 Tel: 919-797-4431

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Pettigrew State Park, NC 1.5 February 1994 Introduction to the Native Americans dr of Eastern North Carolina ,

When "discovered- by Euro- colonists in later decades. The Only the most general infor- pean colonists in the 16th Roanoke colonists, on the mation can be gathered from century. the region that would coast, encountered natives of official records of the time. become the Carolinas was not the Algonkian culture, a large despite the influence Native an empty wilderness. Previous grouping of tribes that occu- Americans had on the colonial colonists had long since estab- pied the entire nid-Atlantic economy. particularly in the lished a thriving, complex region. De Sotcwhile ex- lucrative deerskin trade. Unof- society in the region. These ploring the in T. met Native ficial writings by John Lederer. first colonists were the ances- Americans spoke differentWilliam Bartram and John tors of the Native Americans languages. now recognized as Lawson give us insights into who greeted Hernando de being Catawba. Cherokee and the native cultures as they Soto's Spanish expedition in Creek. declined which are comparable the 1540's and the Roanoke These Native Americans. to the accounts of White and with their diverse languages Ha riot. and traditions, nonetheless shared a common culture By the nineteenth century. which archaeologists call the the greatest part of the native Woodland culture. This cul- cultures was lost forever. ture is recognized primarily by We have retained only scant, the bow and arrow, the use of incomplete information about pottery and the development the Native Americans of of an agricultural economy. Carolina from the historic The Woodland culture did period. What, then, can we not, however, include the know about the prehistoric development of any written ancestors of those people. language. What little we knowthose who lived in the Caroli- about the historic native inhab- nas before the times of written itants of the Carolinas comes history? With no written to us from colonial records. records and their oral traditions Thomas Harriot's writings and lost, how can we learn about John White's paintings from these prehistoric populations? the early years of the EuropeanWhat remains of these prehis- colonization provide us with toric populations can only be detailed accounts of Carolina learned through the painstak- Native Americans. Most other ing work of archaeologists. early colonial accounts only Archaeology is the study mention Native Americans in of past cultures through the passing while documenting the systematic recovery and analy- exploration of the new land, sis of what that culture has left the search for treasures and the behind, such as buildings, tools establishment of the colonies. and pottery. Unfortunately, The later colonial period is many aspects of a culture, such equally sketchy in its accounts as language (not to mention of the native populations. dialect), accurate tribal names 15 Pettigrew State Park. NC February 1994 and social or political organiza-affected by the glaciers, stay- sites have been found in all tion leave no evidence which ing cooler and wetter than areas of North Carolina, from archaeologists can find and today. Paleo-Indians were the coastal estuaries to the such details can never be re- hunter /gatherers who used mountains. Evidence from covered. group hunting techniques these sites indicates that the Paradoxically, this is what against animals like prehistoric Archaic Indians remained makes archaeological arti- elephants (mammoths and hunter/gatherers, living in facts all the more important mastodons), giant ground small, often temporary camps and valuable. Artifacts don't sloths, wild horses, camels and and villages. Gradually, need to be great lost treasures. giant bison. These animals toward the end of the Archaic Archaeologists can tell us a lot all became extinct in America period, limited agriculture, the about how and where people with the end of the ice age. making of pottery and the in- lived by examining the most Other animals they hunted vention of the bow and arrow common objects. By compar- include moose, caribou, elk transformed the Archaic cul- ing artifacts :eft by prehistoric and porcupine. These animals, ture into the Woodland culture. Carolina natives to what is once common to North Woodland Culture known about other prehistoric Carolina. retreated to cooler The transition from Archaic Native Americans, archaeolo- climates as the ice caps shrank. to Woodland culture is not gists have developed a sur- Archaic Culture clearly defined in any archaeo- prisingly clear picture of the The Paleo-Indian culture logical site. There are many ancestors of the Carolinas' was succeeded at the start of questions about how and when historic native populations. the Holocene era, about 9.000 the changes occurred. Did the Paleo-Indian Culture B.C.. by the Archaic culture. The earliest inhabitants The Archaic period, from of North Carolina. known around 9,000 B.C. to 2,000 as Pa leo-Indians, prolxibly B.C.. was notably different arrived about 11.000 'ears ago. from the preceding era. The just a few generations after ice sheets were gone. the Fabric Impressed Dipper their predecessors crossed into animals were different, the AD 800-1650 North America from Siberia at forests were changed. Cultural development of pottery occur the end of the Pleistocene era. changes occurred to deal with only after the Archaic Indians the last ice age. Remarkably these environmental differ- settled into stable villages, en- similar artifacts found across ences. couraging the use of the fragile the American continents. pots? Or did the agricultural particularly projectile points. villages develop only after the suggest that the Pa leo-Indians invention of pottery provided rapidly spread out across the safe storage of large harvests? ice-free regions of the New When was the bow invented? World. Though As the Woodland culture the great ice developed, certain changes sheets did not Croaker Landing Plain Vesselbecame apparent. Thbugh reach North 1700-1000 BC Woodland sites have been Carolina. the found in all regions. the ten- ji.Ak3 Archaic Indians produced a climate here was dency was for villages to be \Al; wide variety of tools and weap- larger and established along Palmer point ons of stone, wood and bone. stream valleys suitable for 10000-8000 BC as well as basketry. Archaic

Pettigrew State Park. NC 1.8 16 February 1994 agriculture. The Woodland I groups or nations. Archaeolo- economy, growing maize, ndians still used the hunter/ gists theorize those boundaries tobacco, beans and squash, gatherer techniques of their may reflect the early language and hunting individually, or in ancestors, but archaeological divisions between what be- small groups, for deer, turkey evidence of larger houses, came the Siouan, Iroquoian and fish. It is this culture village defensive walls and and Algonkian societies in the which early colonists docu- storage facilities, indicates theyregion. mented, however imperfectly. were strongly committed tr) This Woodland culture was And it is this culture which village life. In fact, studies of dominant when the European provides the window through the distribution of artifacts and colonists arrived in North which archaeologists look to pottery styles seem to indicate Carolina. Most Native Ameri- see more clearly into the pre- that during the Woodland cans were living in small, history of North Carolina's period territorial boundaries semi-permanent villages with Native Americans. began to develop between a well established agricultural

17 Pettigrew State Park, NC 1.9 February 1994 The following outline provides a brief summary of each activity, the major concepts intro- duced and the objectives met by completion of the activity. I. Pre-Visit Activity #1 Trip to Lake Phelps (page 3.1.1) Working in groups, students will read a story introducing them to vocabulary and concepts used in the activities. Students will then complete a till-in-the-blank worksheet. Major Concepts: Archaeology Carolina Algonkians Preservation of cultural resources Research Objectives: Define archaeology. List two examples of archaeological artifacts found at Pettigrew State Park. Define cultural and natural resources. Define hypothesis. Explain why it is important to study and protect natural and cultural resources. II. On-Site Activity #1 Archaeology at Lake Phelps (page 4.1.1) Students will experience hands-on methods of archaeology used at Lake Phelps. Students will systematically catalog their finds and make assumptions or field identifications of their finds. Major Concepts: Archaeological survey Protection Research methods Objectives: Perform a systematic search of an archaeological site. Collect, classify and catalog each artifact in a field book. Explain the importance of accurate research techniques. Discuss the importance of protecting a research site.

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Pettigrew State Park. NC 2. 1 February 1994 III. Post-Visit Activity Puzzle Pieces (page 5,1.1) Students will write a report describing their simulated archaeological researchat bake Phelps. Included will be site description, survey techniques,purpose, artifact inventory, analysis and conclusion. Students will identify artifacts usinga cultural sequence chart and a reference guide. Students will also note environmental changes during periods representedon the chart. Major Concepts: Archaeology Research Objectives: Write a research report including purpose, analysis and conclusions. Explain why one does research. Relate three artifacts to each other and the period and phase theyrepresent. Describe how to use the time line found ona cultural sequence chart.

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Pettigrew State Park, NC 2.2 February 1994 p A A s 1

Curriculum Objectives: Appropriate Season: Any Educator's Information Grade 5 'This activity is designed to Communication Skills: lis- Materials: I provide the students with tening, reading, vocabulary Provided by the educator: the background information and viewing comprehension Per group "The Secrets of Lake Guidance: competency for Phelps" story they will need for the on-site interacting with others Per student "The Secrets of activity. For more information Social Science: gather, Lake Phelps" worksheet, pencil on archaeology and Carolina organize and analyze infor- Algonkians, read the Introduc- mation. draw conclusions. participate effectively in Major Concepts: tion to the Native Americans of Eastern North Carolina, or. groups Archaeology page 1.7. Carolina Algonkians Grade 6 Communication Skills: lis- Preservation of cultural Instructions: tening, reading, vocabulary resources Divide the class into six and viewing comprehension Research groups. Have each group read Guidance: competency and the story and then complete the skill for interacting with Objectives: worksheet. Review the an- others. variety and complex- Define archaeology. ity of occupations swers as a classroom discus- Science: how science helps List two examples of sion. archaeological artifacts us Suggested Extensions: Social Studies: gather, found at Pettigrew State organize and analyze infor- Park. 1. Complete the application mation, draw conclusions Define cultural and natu- and permit for recovering arti-

facts prior to visiting the park. . Grade 7 ral resources. Communication Skills: lis- Define hypothesis. This gives the students an un- tening, reading, vocabulary Explain why it is impor- derstanding of the process of and viewing comprehension tant to study and protect applying for an actual permit. Guidance: being responsible in a group natural and cultural 2. Find out more about carbon Science: science and its rela- resources. 14 dating. tionship to human endeavor, interaction of people and the environment Social Studies: know the importance of natural resources, gather, organize and analyze information. draw conclusions

Location: Classroom

Group Size: 30 or smaller

Estimated Time: 45 to 60 minutes

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Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.1 February 1994 'A Trip to Lake' Phelps

It seemed funny seeing the area where there was a sand Bonnie got the life jackets and sun still so low in the east on bar that went out a long way the picnic lunch. They piled a Saturday morning. Bonnie into the lake. The water was the gear against two signs at and her brother Doug had got- crystal-clear and only three the end of the dock. While ten up at six o'clock. They feet deep. Bonnie and Doug were wait- usually slept late on days when Bonnie and Doug started ing for their parents to launch they were not going to school, getting the gear out of the car. the boat. Bonnie read the but today was special. Their Doug got the tackle boxes signs. The first sign was a parents had promised to take and the fishing poles while welcome sign. them to Pettigrew State Park for a day of fishing in Lake Phelps. It was May. almost summer. and in Bonnie's mind Welcome... there was no better place for an early taste of summer than North Carolina State Park the lake. Help preserve our natural resources by observing the following: The trip to Pettigrew State Fires are permitted in designated areas only. Park seemed to take forever. Doug was anxious to get on The destruction, damage or removal of any the lake so he could catch a hit, plant, rock or mineral is prohibited. bass. They arrived just as the It is unlawful to possess firearms or lethal ranger was opening the gate. weapons. "It's going to he a good day for fishing,- their dad said as Our State Parks are wildlife preserves. Hunting is prohibited. Wildlife Resources he drove to the boat ramp. He Commission regulations apply for fishing. stopped to let his passengers out and unload the car before Alcoholic be verages are prohibited. hacking the trailer into the wa- ter. Pets must be on a leash no longer than 6 feet. Doug and Bonnie scrambled Camping is permitted in designated areas only. out of the car. They had vis- ited Pettigrew. State Park only :. 1. iet.er.i; Statute, 1 laa4 ahil1:f..ri .ac pans rua., are codificd It. I tile 1 ". ('hapter 01 the Norm Carolina Acitninistratui CodeN. iolators of any park or recreation area rule are subirct U. arrest and .1 tine of or imprisonment up to flu day, once before. and that was two Coeipiet come. irt park, Niles are posted at the park Olive and at the courthouse of the years ago. Both of them were co.,e,er (saint° 'itch loc,V, excited about the fishing trip. For information or assistance contact it park ranger or write: Dept of Natural Rrsourcus and Commun.:, De% elooment On their previous trip they had Division of Parks and Recreation P.O. Box 276H7 caught lots of fish and had Raleigh. N. C 27611.767 spent time at a place called Have a safe and enjoyable visit. "Big Point.- That was an

21 BEST COPY AVAILABLE

Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.2 February 1994 state," her mom said. The Di- vision of Parks and Recreation NOTICE- is also responsible for preserv- ing the natural resources. You PROTECTED AREA know what natural resources It is illegal to dig, excavate, disturb the are, right?" ground, or to collect archaeological "Sure," said Bonnie, "Natu- artifacts in this area. ral resources are like the lake, Violators are subject to:(1) criminal trees. flowers, animalsall the things that are found in nature. penalties involving fines up to $2,000 We learned all about that in or imprisonment (up to sixmonths) or science." both; (2) civil fines up to $5,000; and "Well, cultural resources arc (3) forfeiture of vehicles and equipment all those things that are found used in connection with a violation. in a culture, that make up the North Carolina General Statute way people live. Things like 70-12d(3), 70-15, 70-16, 70-17. how the families live, their reli- gion. music, what food they eat, the things they make," her VIOLATORS WILL mom said. "Archaeological artifacts are objects made or BE PROSECUTED used by a past culture that tell This sign is the property of North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources us what that culture was like." Division 01 Archives and ifistory. Just then the park ranger came driving up to the infor- The second sigh was a said that a big part of the job mation building near the boat notice. was to interpret plant and ani- ramp. Bonnie asked her mom mal life, geology and all other Bonnie knew about state if she could ask the park ranger parks from the time a park natural features and processes included in the parks. Bonnie about the archaeological arti- ranger visited her school. She facts at Lake Phelps. "Of wasn't sure exactly what the remembered the ranger saving course," her mom said, "that's ranger meant by "interpret." that the state parks belonged what she's here for. See if Talk about them, she guessed. to all the people of North Doug wants to go with you The ranger also talked about Carolina and their visitors. while your father and I get preserving and protecting sci- The ranger told her class the boat ready." entific sites of statewide im- the purpose of the state parks portance. She had not heard Bonnie and Doug approach- system is to "preserve and about a "Protected Area" and ed the park ranger. protect natural areas of wondered what "archaeologi- "How can I help you?' She unique or exceptional scenic cal artifacts" and "cultural asked with a smile. value. not only for the inspira- resources" were. She asked tion and benefit of the present "I want to find out about her mom. generations but also for gen- that sign," Bonnie said, point- erations to come," and to "The Division of Archives ing to the dock. "I thought this "provide recreational use of and History along with Divi- place was just for fishing." natural resources and out- sion of Parks and Recreation "It is used for fishing, and door recreation in natural sur- is responsible for preserving has been for thousands of roundings." The ranger also the cultural resources of the

Pettigrew State Park, NC 22 February 1994 years. Native Americans usedDivision of Parks and Recre- old wood are really canoes this lake, and we've found ation." which were preserved by the some important archaeological "If you're interested, we acidic water and burial in the sites that need to be protected. have some things in the infor- lake bottom sediments. There The sign was put up here be- mation building that you can have been 30 canoes found, cause Lake Phelps is protected look at." and 23 of them have been by both the Division of Parks measured and studied. The With their parents permis- and Recreation and the Divi- oldest found so far is sion, Doug and Bonnie went sion of Archives and History over 4,380 years old," the into the building. There they as an important archaeological ranger explained. saw two long pieces of old resource. That means there wood inside display cases. "Cool!" said Bonnie. "How are material remains of past The ranger explained that the do you know how old the human life here which are at Native Americans of the area canoes are?" least 50 years old and are of used to come to Lake Phelps "Have you ever heard of ra- archaeological interest." to fish. They were at Lake diocarbon dating?" the ranger "You mean we could find Phelps perhaps as long as asked. old stuff here?" asked Doug. 11.000 years ago. They used The kids shook their heads. "That's why it's protected; baldcypress trees to make "Carbon 14 is a product so that only people who are dugout canoes. The ranger of natural radiation," she ex- supposed to can find the "old pointed to a drawing on the plained. "It's absorbed into stuff," responded the ranger. wall. the tissues and bones of all Since Lake Phelps is part of "This drawing shows how living things. When they die Pettigrew State Park, it is state the Carolina Algonkians used the Carbon 14 is no longer ab- land. To collect artifacts on a small fire at the base of the sorbed and it begins to decay at state land, an archaeologist, tree to burn it down, split the a slow rate By measuring the a person who studies past log, then burn and scrape the amount of Carbon 14 left in things that were once living, scientists can determine how long they have been dead. In !44'.1. this case. we took a sample of the wood from the canoe and pesiimn: sent it to a special lab for radio- carbon dating. Scientists at the lab determined when the tree died aria that told 'Is approxi- mately when the canoe was made." "How'd you find the canoes, after they'd been under the lake for so long?" Asked Bonnie. "The canoes were found along the northern and western shores near Big Point. In the cultures, must first apply for interior of the canoe until the summer of 1984, water was permits with the Department desired shape and size was ob- pumped from Lake Phelps to of Cultural Resources and the tained. These two pieces of fight a big forest fire on the

Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.4 23 February 1994 south shore of the lake. Dry "Whether it was what?" "What's a projectile point'?" weather during the rest of that asked Doug. asked Bonnie. year and in following years "Tempered," repeated the "I know, that's arrowheads, kept the lake level below nor- ranger. "That means some- right'?" said Doug. mal until the spring of 1993. thing was added to the clay." In the fall of 1984, fishermen "You're right, but not just She pointed to a pot in the arrowheads. Bows and arrows began to report seeing artifacts display case. on the lake bottom. You know are actually pretty how shallow and crystal-clear recent inventions. the water is. Some of these The evidence of artifacts included partial and the earliest human whole clay pots and stone ob- presence at Lake jects. The first dugout canoe Phelps consists of was discovered by park em- two small spear points ployees in 1985. That discov- of the Palmer type, dated to ery, along with the unusually 8.00()- 9.000 B.C. well preserved artifacts, "But rocks and clay pots brought attention to the ar- were never alive." objected chaeological resources at Lake Colington Pot AD Dou.. "How can you date Phelps. A research project 800-1650 them?'. started, with the goal of under- "This type of pot here was "Ask them out to a movie." standing the secrets of Lake made starting in A.D. 800 and suggested Bonnie. Phelps' past cultures. is called Colington Phase. The ranger laughed. "What secrets could be It was tempered with pieces "That's a good question. learned from a piece of of shell. Other pots were Cy doing radiocarbon testing pottery?" Bonnie asked. tempered with pieces of soap- they can find out how old stone." organic artifacts are that were "There is even a type of found at the same place. Then, pottery called the "Pettigrew by cataloging every style of Variety" of the Croaker pot or projectile point, they NA, Landing phase because of can compare new finds with Jo- the unusual decorations with what they already know, make u wavy lines on the surface. The an accurate estimate." alletwxL) decorations on the outside of "Most projectile points, the pot are known as surface pots and canoes found at Lake finishing. This style has only Phelps were made between Pettigrew Variety Potsherd been found at Lake Phelps." 1,700-1,000 B.C. 300 B.C. and A.D. 800 That's "Even stone objects such as more than at any other prehis- The ranger smiled and said, spear points or arrowheads tell tc,tic time. Prehistoric time is "A piece of pottery, or a pot- the secrets of their age by the time before written language. sherd. can tell lots of secrets. many different types, sizes and Why do you think more arti- Archaeologists can tell when shapes in which they are facts would be found from this the pot was made from the found. Each projectile point time period'?" style of pot, the material used can he dated to a particular Bonnie thought for a minute to make it and whether it was time i'eriod by its characteris- tempered or not." and then said, "There must tics." have been more people here 24 Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.5 February 1994 then. That would mean that "The Carolina Algonkians were located in a lot of the they would need more pots to who visited Lake Phelps, and same places where villages cook in and more projectile perhaps set up seasonal camps and towns can he found today." points to hunt and fish with," on the north-west shore of the "Hey, guys, ready to go?" "You just made a very good lake, were most likely membersTheir dad stuck his head in the hypothesis," the ranger said, of the Moratoc society. Their door. territory included the south "What's an hypothesis?" "Dad! You should look at side of the Albemarle Sound Doug asked. this stuff. It's really cool!" from the Scuppernong River Doug said. "Well," the ranger said, to the mouth of the Roanoke "we know from the archeologi- River. The maps of the early "Tell me all about it out on cal research that more artifacts Algonkian settlements by the lake," said dad. Maybe we from that time period were John White provide historic in- can come back and look at it found than from any other time.formation about the settlement later. The fish are waiting for What Bonnie did was take that patterns of the Native Ameri- us." fact a step further and come up cans along the coast of North Bonnie and Dow.' regretfully with the idea that there must Carolina. These settlements pulled themselves away from have been more people here the displays. Bonnie was fasci- then than during any other nated by what she had learned time. That is called an hypoth- about archaeology and about esis.It's an explanation that the people who first fished at accounts for a set of facts that Lake Phelps. Even Doug, who can he tested by further investi- lived for fishing, was disap- gation." pointed when his father called "And she's right. Archaeo- them out to the boat. They logical research indicates that wanted to learn more about around A.D. 8()0 the people in the secrets of Lake Phelps. the area started to farm more As their boat pulled away efficiently. As they became from the dock, Bonnie could better farmers. they could pro- just imagine the people in their duce more food, so it can he dugout canoes fishing in the hypothesized that they did not same crystal-clear water. She need to travel to Lake Phelps wondered what it would he like as often for fishing. This to spend the day on the lake would explain why fewer arti- with the Moratoc people... facts have been found which were made after A.D. 800."

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Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1 .6 February 1994 A I a Ai

Instructions: After reading the story, complete this worksheet.

1) Things that represent the customary beliefs. 8) An explanation that accounts for a set of social systems and material traits of a group of facts and that can be tested by further investi- people are called gation is called an The Division of and is responsible for preserving these. 9) If you were an archaeologist applying for a permit to collect or research artifacts on 2) Objects made by humans from past state land you would contact the Department cultures are of

3) Trees, water, wild plants and animals 10) is filename for are examples of the type of pottery found at Lake Phelps with Examples used to make pots by Native shells added to the clay. This type of pottery Americans are clay, soapstone and shells. was made around A.D 8(X).

4) The trees used by Native Americans to 11) A is another name for a make the dugout canoes at Lake Phelps are piece of pottery.

12) A Palmer type 5) is the method represents the earliest human presence at Lake of determining the absolute age of something Phelps. This type of point was made between that was once living. The oldest canoe found 80(X) 9000 B.C. so far at Lake Phelps ;s approximately 4.380 years old.. The Division of and is responsible for the management and protec- 6) An is a scientist who tion of Pettigrew State Park. studies past cultures. 14) The very last words on the "Welcome to 7) is time before North Carolina State Parks" sign are: Have a written language. and visit!

26

Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.7 February 994 A II

Instructions: After reading the story, complete this worksheet.

1) Things.tha represent the customary beliefs, 8) An explanation; _accounts for a set of social saktais ad:material traifs of a group facts and tharcw e:Sed by further investi- ,..- of peopitticialled ources. The gation is called thesis. f'iciiilies and Fik,foolfor Parks . A and R iIioi) is responsible for preserving 9) If you were an arehaeologist 'doing for these. a permit to collect or research artiliets on p state land you would,eontactAeDepa: rtment 2) Objzetiaç.byhumarLs from past of Cultur4,&52.' . cultures arektbatiOlogical artifacts. 10) Coliuton phaseis the name for-the type 3) '1 ter, wild plants and animals of pottery famdiftake Phelps with shells are examples of natural resources. added bite bia);;This type of pottery:was Exampie.S used/to make pots by Native made ar809.#, Americans are clay, soapstone and shells.

0. A, 11) A pOtilierdisinotlier nal:T*10a piece of 4) The trees*sed by Native Americans to pottery. makc the,OlOtit canoes at Lake Phelps are baldcypr 12) A Palmer type projectile point represents the earliest human presence at Lake Phelps. S) Radio dating is the method of This type of point was made between determiningibe absoluteage of something 8000 9000 B.C. that was once living. The oldest canoe found so far at Lake Phelps is approximately 4.380 13) The Diviqon of Parks and &creation is years old.' responsible for the managemem and protec- tion of Pettigrew State Park. 6) An arc/geologist is a scientist who studies. past cultures: 14) The very last words on the "Welcome to North Carolina State Parks" sign are: Have a 7) Prehistoiic. tiine is time before written safe and enjoyably visit! language!

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Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.8 February 1994 APPLICATION FOR PERMIT Exploration, Recovery and Salvage of Submerged Cultural Resources

(Prior to completing this form applicant should read "North Carolina General Statute 121, Article 3" and "North Carolina Administrative Code T07:04R.1000") Please type or print and fill in all blanks. If information is not applicable. so indicate by placing N/A in blank. I.Applicant Information A. Name Last First Middle B. Address Street, P. 0. Box or Route

City or Town State Zip Code Phone C. Institutional or other affiliation II. Location of Proposed Project A. County B. City, Town, Community or landmark C. Creek, river, sound, bay or ocean beach in or near which project is located

III. Description of Proposed Project A. Provide a statement of the purpose and objectives of the project

(attach additional pages if more space is necessary) B. Provide the schedule for the proposed project including beginning and completion dates of all phases _

28 Pettigrew State Palk. NC 3.1.9 February 1994 N. Project Personnel A. Project Director: Person responsible for the initiation and successful completion of the proposed project (if same as applicant (I. A.) enter "same") Name Last First Middle Address Street, P. 0. Box or Route

City or Town State Zip Code Phone Institution of other affiliation B. Archaeologist: Person responsible for the archaeological supervision of the proposed project (if same as IV. A. enter (same). Name Last First Middle Address Street, P. 0. Box or Route

City or Town State Zip Code Phone C. Approximate number of people to be involved in the proposed project V. Disposition of Artifacts A. Is the objective of the proposed project the salvage of submerged cultural resources for

commercial purposes? . If yes, provide the name and location of the facility where the salvaged materials will he stored until final disposition as set forth in the required salvage contract. Name of Facility Address Street, P.O. Box or Route

City or Town State Zip Code Phone B. Is the objective of the project the recovery of material for archaeological research

purposes? .If yes, provide the name and location of the facility where recovered materials will he stored, analyzed and conserved. Name of facility Address Street, P.O. Box or Route

City or Town State Zip Code Phone VI. Any permit issued pursuant to this application will allow only the activities described in the application. Applicants should therefore describe in the application all anticipated activities. Applicant's Signature Date 29 February 1994 Pettigrew State Park. NC 3. 1.10 Permit Number

PEWIT for Exploration Recovery Salvage

Issued to ,authorizing this group to participate in the "A Trip to Lake Phelps" in Washington County at Pettigrew State Park. As requested in the permittee's application dated

Signed by the authority of the Chief of Operations, NC Division of Parks & Recreation

%Pro.

permii and its conditions are hereby accepted.

Signature of Permittee

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Pettigrew State Park. NC 3.1.11 February 1994 A

Curriculum Objectives: Grade 7 Estimated Time: 1 to 2 hours Grade 5 Communication Skills: lis- Communication Skills: lis- tening, mating, vocabulary Appropriate Season: tening, reading, vocabulary and viewing comprehension, March-August, October and viewing comprehension, speaking techniques speaking techniques, writing Guidance: being responsible Materials: Guidance: competency for in a group Provided by the educator interacting with others Mathematics: solve problems Per Group - Field books Mathematics: solve problems in measurement Provided by the park: thermom- in measurement Science: science and its rela- eter, 5 metric tapes, nylon cord, Social Science: gather, tionship to human endeavor, brushes, 5 buckets, artifact organize and analyze infor- interaction of people and the examples - pottery, projectile mation, draw conclusions, environment, points, canoe, gorgets, mystery use maps, participate effec- Social Studies: know the items, collection bags, pencils, tively in groups importance of natural storage boxes resources, gather, organize Grade 6 and analyze information. Communication Skills: lis- draw conclusions Major Concepts: tening, reading, vocabulary Archaeological survey and viewing comprehension, Location: Protection writing, speaking techniques Lake Phelps program site Guidance: competency and Research methods skill for interacting with Group Size: others, variety and complex- 30 students, class size Objectives: ity of occupations Perform a systematic Healthful Living: how people search of an archaeologi- affect the environment, Mathematics: solve problems cal site. in measurement Collect, classify and Science: how science helps catalog each artifact in a us field book. Social Studies: gather, Explain the importance organize and analyze infor- mation, draw conclusions, of accurate research use maps techniques. Discuss the importance of protecting a research site.

Pettigrew State Park, NC February 1994 Educator's Information over hundreds to thousands will record the information in of years cause the sediments the field book, and one student rr he purpose of this activity to shift. Often, archaeologists will clean, catalog and store 1 is to introduce the studentsperform a surface collection the finds. to the archaeological research in water. This is what the stu- Prior to arriving at the park. methods used at Lake Phelps. dents will be simulating. The divide the class into groups This activity will help the stu- students will do a grid search of five. Assign each student dents to understand methods in a simulated section of the the role they will perform of archaeology and should lake. They will collect, record while at the "research" site. stimulate their thoughts and notes. make field identifica- Recording the data is the most develop their interests to pro- tions (preliminary hypotheses difficult task. Have them list duce their own hypotheses. of what is found) and catalog their names on the front of It is riot necessary for the stu- all the artifacts they find. The their group's field book. dents to be correct in identify- students will work in groups Park staff will prepare the ing artifacts. of five: one student will be site pricy to the class's arrival. When performed in water. "excavating." the artifacts. Educators familiar with the as at Lake Phelps. archaeology two students will measure the activity may choose to prepare is not as precise as on dry land. location of the find using the the site themselves. Wave and water movement metric system, one student

32

Pettigrew State Park. NC 4.1.2 February 1994 Student's Infornition:

In the summer of 1984. an report seeing artifacts on the of Lake Phelps. A cooperative extensive forest tire in the lake bottom through the shal- research project. with the goal vicinity of Lake Phelps was low. crystal clear water. One of understanding the secrets of fought with water pumped year later. in the fall of 1985, past cultures at Lake Phelps, from the lake, lowering its the first of a number of dugout was established by the North water level. Dry weather dur- canoes was discovered. It was Carolina Division of Parks ing the remainder of that year that discovery, along with the and Recreation. North Caro- and succeeding years kept the unusually %Yell preserved arti- lina Division of Archives and lake level down. In the fall facts. that focused attention on History and East Carolina of 1984. fishermen began to the archaeological significance University. Research techniques such as aerial surveys for artifacts. underwater archaeological sur- veys by divers, surface collec- tions and probing for artifacts were used. Methods had to be specially adapted to the situa- tion. for Lake Phelps is a unique place. Archaeologists use the standard of measurement sci- entists around the world use. the metric system. Lengths of measurement include millime- ters, centimeters and meters. Units of weight include grams and kilograms. In your research. you must work together as a team. It is important for each of you to remember what your specific job is. If you need help, ask one of your team members first.

33

Pettigrew State Park. NC 4.1.3 February 1994 Instructions: C.The Recorder records 6. After the research teams 1. Lead a brief discussion these measurements and plots have completed their field focusing on past archaeologicalthem on the graph in the field work have any team(s) which research at Lake Phelps. book. found a canoe cover it over again. Then, gather the whole 2. Be sure each member of the D. Next, the Excavator re- group togeti-,.:r and have them team understands their respec- moves each artifact from the share their findings. Discuss tive roles in the activity: lake bottom, brushes away the sediment and dips it in the wa- what these findings tell us Excavator- finds and care- ter bucket for the final clean- about Lake Phelps and the fully "digs out" the artifacts. ing. cultures that used the lake. Measurers - measure where Summarize the discussion E. The Cataloger assigns a the artifact is/was located. emphasizing what happens serial number to each artifact. Recorder - records all next with these artifacts and The serial number should pertinent archaeological field books. Discuss the types include the zone and a number. information. of artifacts found, i.e., pottery, For example. the first artifact Cataloger - properly labels wood. stone points, and not found in zone 3 could be Z3-1 and stores the artifacts, and found. i.e.. baskets, hones, fur. (ZONE 3, artifact #1). Finally, distributes the necessary Emphasize the protection of the Cataloger should place the equipment: the lake and research site. excavator trowel and dry artifact into a bag and label 7. Carefully transport the brush the bag with the serial number artifact storage boxes to the measurerstape measure; and field identifkation prior to lab (classroom) for further recorderpencil and field placing the bag in the storage research! book box. cataloger - bucket, brush. Note: The whole team Suggested Extension: water, pencil, bags and should work together to make Make copies of the field storage box a field identification of the book for each team member. 3. Give the entire class a walk- artifact and make sure the Have each team member com- through example of the survey. serial number on the bag cor- plete the description of the Assign each team a grid. 2 relates to what is written in activity, draw all the artifacts meters by 3 meters, to search the field book. in their individual field book in the simulated lake bottom. F. I f the team finds a canoe. and label the measurements of Have the team fill in the date they are to excavate around theprojectile points in millimeters and weather information on canoe and measure the canoe (mm). the field book prior to starting. only in their zone. The width. 4. The process should go as length. height and location follows: within the search area should be recorded but the canoe A.The Excavator locates should be left in place. any visible artifacts. The Excavator should uncover but 5. Remind them of the impor- not move the artifacts, being tance of protecting the finds careful not to damage them. and taking accurate informa- tion, especially in labeling B.The Measurers determine the artifacts and recording the the distance from the baseline exact measurements of the and gridline to where the arti- locations where artifacts are facts were found and report Clovis point found. these distances to the recorder. 12,000-10,000 3C 34 Pettigrew State Park, NC 4.1.4 February 1994 Distance From: /, e'' li . -1 1,.If P . SI' -i.,,, a i .,;.( . Book Weather: + u t.i-, s...; 4 N r . 0 Temperature: ,., , % C° Recorder: Team Mbers ,,,,,,w,,,,.., .- . a+ .- f , Cataloger;Measurers:Excavator: 40 i ,;. 4 1,,-, Msistants: Y , Descriptions: -..-. ,T i , ,.. ., ..i , - . I ) Describe the activity; 1 ' . . f (11 , , I r .5 35 , 0 Site Drawing co provided.Draw the objectLibel thefound artifacts and describe using serial it on numbers. the back in the space

20cm 40cm 60cm 80cm Baseline 37 0 imr:tor 38 Z3- 1 Artifact Serial # Distance From:1 m54cmGrid._las_Bas52 em 1 m 70cm im,e1. Z3 --3 42 8232 cm 2 m 501 mcm 70 cm 70 cm FieldDate: Book ,.e.. ... Weather: .. , .- Z3 5 1 m27 cm 50cm Tempt *Imre: t.: : . -': ' C° Measurers:Excavator:Recorder: Team Merabers Descriptions: Z3 - 1 : projectile point Assistants:Cataloger: Z3Z3 52 43: potsherd,: potsherdstone smooth cordnet with impressed marked plainsurface, surface unknown identity DescribeCounty,of artifacts the N.C. atactivity: Lake/Zone Phelps #3 in Washington Surface collection 39 4 Site Drawing E. provided.Draw the objectLabel thefound artifacts and describe using serial it on numbers. the back in the space #1 projectileZone #3point ..: #2 potsherd, net impressed *#4 *01 #3 stop #4 potsherd, plain surface Baseline #5 potsherd, cord marked 41 0 20 cm 40 cm 60 cm 80 cm 1 meter 42 p

Curriculum Objectives: Grade 7 Major Concepts: Grade S Communication Skills: lis- Archaeology Communication Skills: lis- tening, reading, vocabulary Research tening, reading, vocabulary and viewing comprehension, and viewing comprehension. study skills using environ- Objectives: study skills using environ- mental sources, speaking Write a research report mental sources, speaking techniques including purpose, analysis techniques, writing Guidance: being responsible and conclusions. Guidance: competency for in a group, develop an aware- Explain why one does interacting with others ness of alternative points of Library/Media Skills: work view research. independently and creatively Science: science and its rela- Relate three artifacts to in preparing assignments tionship to human endeavor, each other and the period Mathematics: solve problems interaction of people and the and phase they represent. in time and measurement environment Describe how to use the Social Science: gather. orga- Social Studies: know the nize and analyze information, importance of natural time line found on a draw conclusions, use maps. resources, gather, organize cultural sequence chart. participate effectively in and analyze information. groups draw conclusions Educator's Information

Grade 6 Location: Classroom his activity is perhaps Communication Skills: lis- 1 the most important part tening, reading, vocabulary Group Size: of the archaeological process. and viewing comprehension, 30 students, class size Students will share the notes study skills using environ- from their field books. The mental sources, writing, Estimated Time: 3 to 4 hours speaking techniques students are to write a report Guidance: competency and Appropriate Season: Any which provides information skill for interacting with about all the sites. The report others Materials: is outlined in the Student's Library/Media Skills: work Provided by the educator: field Information. Have the stu- independently creatively in books from "Archaeology at preparing assignments Lake Phelps" activity, artifacts dents present and discuss their Science: how science helps Per five students, to be shared - conclusions with the class. us cultural sequence chart, Discuss with the class if the Social Studies: gather, "Reference Guide to Projectile activity was realistic and, if organize and analyze infor- Points and Ceramic Vessels at not, what could have been mation, draw conclusions, Lake Phelps," metric rulers use maps done to make this activity more realistic.

Suggested Extension: As a class, complete a re- port on the entire site. Make a site map combining all field book maps.

43 Pettigrew State Park. NC 5.1.1 February 1994 8'

When the site survey (the Instructions: Purpose of Survey. field research at the It is now your job to write A. Statement of why the park) is complete, the next a report which will put all the survey was done. step is to write a report. If you pieces back together. think of the site as a jigsaw IV. Artifact Inventory. puzzle, you can imagine that The following outline will A. List what was found. before the native people left help you write a good report. B. State what periods and the site the picture was whole. Use the "Cultural Sequence phases are represented (deter- all the pieces were there. The Chart" and "Reference Guide mine the % of artifacts found process of time took the pieces to Projectile Points and Ce- for each phase or period). ramic Vessels at Lake Phelps" apart. At Lake Phelps, the V. Analysis of the Facts. change in the water level as (found in the Appendix) to A. Describe when the site well as the movement of the help identify and date the was occupied. water currents perhaps moved artifacts. B. State who you think oc- the artifacts around on the Title: cupied the site. lake bottom. For us to under- Author: C. What clues were found stand past cultures, we have I. Site Description. reflecting upon their daily life? to look closely at the smaller D. Were there any artifacts pieces which have been left. A. Statement of where the site that did not fit? However, it is also important is iocated: state, county and for us not to loose any of the place. VI. Conclusions. puzzle pieces. B. Acknowledgements. A. Describe what you IL Techniques of Site Survey. learned. A. Statement of how the B. What can you hypoth- survey was done. esize from what you learned?

..4

Pettigrew State Park. NC 44 February 1994 PEST COPY AVAILABLE'.'.` To Get You Started: Title:Lake Phelps Site Author:

I. The Lake Phelps Site is located near Big Point in Lake Phelps, Washington County, N.C. We would like to thank the Division of Parks and Recreation, East Carolina University's Department of Sociology and-Anthropolos!v. and the Division of Archives and History for their assistance in completing this survey. Zone1, 2.... is an area of the lake which imeters by meters. The area was covered with approximately 0.6 meters (60 cm) of water at the time of the survey, however, the level of water in the lake canary greatly depending upon the amount of rainfall. The lake bottom in the survey area is sand.

II. The surve\ was completed h\ doing a controlled surface collection of artifacts from the site area.

III. The purpose of the project was to collect artifacts to add to our understanding of the prehistory of Lake Phelps.

Complete the report using the information from your survey and the outline provided. IV. Artifact Inventory...

V. Analysis of the Facts...

VI. Conclusions...

45

Pettigrew State Park. NC 5.1.3 Febniary 1994 Cultural Sequence of Native

Date Period Phase Projectile Points Canoes 1984 1715 1650Historic Moratoc

7.1rSmall Late Colington t-5Roanoke

800

A.D. Mount Middle Pleasant B.C. 300

Early Deep Creek Large Roanoke 1000 Croaker Landing Dugout Canoe 2000 Late Savannah' Savannah Savannah River River II River I 3000 Morrow Middle V. Mountain Halifax Morrow Guilford Mountain I 5000

Early Kirk Kirk Kirk Corner Stemmed Knotched 8000

Late Palmer Palmer

46

Pettigrew State Park. NC 5.1.4 February 1994 Americans at Lake Phelps

Vessels Cultural Changes EnvironmentalChanges Peat FireLowers Lake Level, Artifacts (spanning 10,000 yr.) Found at Lake Phelps

Carolina Colington0 Algonkian Colington

. & . .

V W II V Gravy ; Miniature Agriculture

/ 4- 4 \*: . Deep " Creek I 4 p, er Bow &Domestic. ± Arrow Plants , ik. ,i,ift,.17J0 On Croaker Forest Types of Today 1144,. Landing Plain Cypress, Mixed Simple --,'4" :1-w/lug handles Deciduous Forest Bowl

011 Atlatl ._ ID Weight Soapstone Vessel h..---,...!=;.,-tiIfq,11--s: (J.qr. r--- IIIII lit Hunting Colder Temperatures Fishing Conifers Gathering

Atlatl

47 Pettigrew State Park. NC 5.1.5 February 1994 A

Algonkian (also Algonquian) - Colington Phase - A style 1..;,' Any of several Native American of cla / pot made in the tribes related by language and cul- Carolinas. tempered with ture. inhabiting an area from eastern bits of shell. Canada to the Carolinas between the Culture The beliefs, social Atlantic coast and the Rockies. system and material traits of a group. Anthropology - The study of humanity. Cultural resources Things which represent Archaeology - ( also archeology) The recovery the customary belief, social system and mate- and study of past cultures using scientific rial traits of a group of people. methods. Division of Archives and History- The Archaeological artifact An object made by agency of state government, within the Depart- humans from a past culture. ment of Cultural Resources, which protects the Archaeological resource An area where cultural resources of the state. material remains of past human life, at least 50 Division of Parks and Recreation- The years old and of archaeological interest, have agency of state government, within the been found. Department of Environment, Health and Archaeologist - A scientist who studies past Natural Resources, which protects the natural cultures. and cultural resources of the state found in State Parks and Recreation Areas. Archaic - Belonging to a much earlier time: archaeologically. the Native American Hypothesis (plural, hypotheses) An explana- cultures which succeeded the Paleo-Indians tion that accounts for a set of facts that can be tested by further investigation. in the Holocene era, between 9,000 B.C. and 1000 B.C. Metric system- A standard of measurement Artifact See archaeological artifact. often used by scientists throughout the world. Baldcypress A tree found in swamps and Moratoc SocietyCarolina Algonkian tribe whose territory included the south side of the damp ground whose wood is resistant to decay. Albemarle Sound from the Scuppemong River Native Americans used the tree's trunk to construct dugout canoes. to the mouth of the Roanoke River. Carbon 14 A naturally radioactive carbon Native Americans The original inhabitants isotope with atomic mass 14 and half-life of of America, preceding the European coloniza- tion. 5,700 years, used in dating ancient carbon- containing objects. Natural area A place that has not been Carolina Algonkians- Native Americans developed and exists in its natural state. of the Algonkian language group that inhabited Natural resources an area of the North Carolina coastal plain Resources, such as trees, from the Neuse River. north. The culture water, plants and animals, "4: 7"'`'. evolved between A.D. 800 to 1650. (See found in nature. Algonkian.)

Pettigrew State Park. NC 4 86.1 February 1994 Pa leo-Indians The earliest aboriginal inhab- Radiocarbon dating - A method of dating itants of America who crossed into the New objects of organic origin which is based on World from Siberia during the latter stages of the measurement of the radioactive decay of the Pleistocene era, about 12,000 years ago. carbon in organic materials. Potsherds - Pottery fragments. Soapstone - Material most often used by early Native Americans to construct cooking vessels Pottery - Ceramic vessels constructed for and objects until approximately 1500 B.C. cooking, storage of food and water, works of when it was replaced by pottery during the art crafted from clay. archaic period. Prehistoric - From a time before recorded Tempering - The process of adding materials history. added to the clay when a pot is made. Com- Projectile point - A stone monly used materials were shells, soapstone, or other hard object small pebbles and chunks of clay. crafted into a sharp tool Woodland culture - The Native American used as a tip on an culture which followed the Archaic period. arrow or spear. Woodland culture survived until contact with Protected area An area of cultural or natural European settlers, from about 2,000 B.C. to significance which is managed to prolong its between A.D. 1600 and 1800. Woodland existence. culture is typified by settlement in small villages, the adoption of agriculture, use of pottery and the invention of the bow.

4J

Pettigrew State Park. NC 6.2 February 1994 References

Barnard, Frank Kenan. (1983) 1991. How Johnson, Roy F.1972. The Algonquians, to Find and Identify Arrowheads and Other Indians of That Part of the New World First Indian artifacts, Southeastern . y'isit by the English, Volume 2, History and For more information, contact Frank Barnard, Traditions. Murfreesboro, NC: Johnson 8240 Lindley Mill Road, Graham. NC 27253. Publishing Company. Brennan, Louis A. 1975. Artifacts of Prehis- Koper, Philip. 1986. The Smithsonian Book toric America. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Books. Smithsonian Books. Brennan. Louis A. 1975. Beginner's Guide Lawson, John. 1967. A New Voyage to Caro- to Archaeology. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole lina. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Books. Carolina Press. Ceram, C. W. 1971. The First American, Mauldin. L., D. Frankenberg, and J. Bazzolo. A Story of North American Archaeology. New June 1979. Coastal Beginnings, N. C. Marine York, NY: Har .ourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Education Manual, UNC-SG 78-14-E, Univer- sity of North Carolina Sea Grant publication, Claggett. Stephen R. "The First Colonists: Raleigh, NC. 12,000 Years Before Roanoke," The Ligature. For more information, contact Archaeology North Carolina State Museum of Natural Branch, NC Department of Cultural Resources. Sciences. 1986. "Native American Foods 109 E. Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27611. and Cookery." For more information, contact North Carolina State Museum of Natural Coe, Joffre Lanning. (1964) 1987. "The Sciences, Bicentennial Plaza, P. 0. Box 27647, Formative Cultures of the Cr rolina Piedmont." Raleigh, NC 27626-0555. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Reprint. Philadelphia, PA. North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 70, Article 2, "Archaeological Resources Protec- Deetz, James. 1967. Invitation to Archaeology. tion Act," 1981. Garden City, NY: The Natural History Press. Phelps. David Sutton. 1982. Archaeology Fundaburk, Emma Lila, Mary Foreman, and of the Chowan River Basin: A Preliminary Douglass Fundaburk. 1957. Sun Circles and Study. Greenville, NC: For more information, Human Hands. Fairhope, AL: Southern Publi- contact Archaeology Laboratory, Department cations. of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Hulton, Paul. 1984. America. 1585 The Greenville, NC 27858. Complete Drawings of John White. Chapel Phelps, David Sutton. 1980. Archaeological Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Salvage of the Thrope Site, and Other Investi- Press and British Museum Publications. gations along the U.S. 64 Bypass, Rocky Johnson, Roy F. 1972. The Algonquians, Mount, North Carolina. Greenville, NC: Indians of That Part of the New World First For more information, contact Archaeology Visited by the English, Volume I Pre-History. Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Murfreesboro, NC: Johnson Publishing East Carolina University, Greenville, NC Company. 27858. 50 Pettigrew State Park, NC 7.1 February 1994 Phelps, David Sutton. 1983. "Archaeology of Potter, Eloise F. and John B. Funderburg. the North Carolina Coast and Coastal Plain, 1986. Native Americans, The People and Problems and Hypotheses." in The Prehistory How They Lived. North Carolina. For more of North Carolina: An Archaeological Sympo- information, contact State Museum of Natural sium, (M. Mathis and J. Crow, editors). For Sciences, 102 N. Salisbury, Raleigh. NC more information, contact Divisio3 of Archives 27626-0555. and History, North Carolina Department of Rights, Douglas L. 1957. The American Cultural Resources, 109 E. Jones Street, Indian In North Carolina. Winston-Salem, Raleigh, NC 27601. NC: John F. Blair, Publisher. Phelps. David Sutton. 1984. Archaeology of Taylor, Mark. July 1987. "The People Before the Tillett Site: The First Fishing Community Us." Wildlife in North Carolina, Vol. 51, at Wanchese, Roanoke Island. Greenville, NC: Number 7: For more information, contact For more information, contact Archaeology N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, Laboratory, Department of Anthropology. East 512 N. Salisbury Street, Archdale Building. Carolina University. Greenville. NC 27858. Raleigh, NC 27611. Phelps. David Sutton. 1989. Ancient Pots and Wilde-Ramsing. Mark. 1992. "Underwater Dugout Canoes. North Carolina Humanities Archaeologists Dig Up Clues." Tar Heel Council Grant 1989. For more information. Junior Historian, The State History Journal contact Pettigrew State Park. Route 1. Box 336, For Inquiring Students. Volume 31, Number 2. Creswell, NC 27928.

5.1

Pettigrew State Park, NC 7.2 February 1994 A

I a I I I 10

0

* Projectile Point Nomenclature

Blades: (edges) Straight Concave4444Convex Serrated Recurved Incurvate Excurvate Saw Tooth

Shoulders:

Straight Pronounced44iTapered Rounded44Barbed

Stems:

444-A4Straight Tapered Expanded Bulbous Bifurcated

Bases:

Straight Rounded4444Concave Earred Pointed

(side) I Points:(front)4 Standard Wide Narrow Standard Thick Thin

Notches:

* Drawings and text courtesy of Corner Side Frank Kenan Barnard.

Pettigrew State Park, NC 8.1 52 February 1994 -

Clovis Palmer Clovis (12,000-10,000 BC) The Palmer (10,000-8,000 BC) is one of the oldest projectile is a small fairly thin, triangular points in the United States point with distinct corner and is found in just about all notchings. The edges of the point parts of the country, including are straight to rounded and often southeastern North Carolina. serrated. Many Palmers have sharp Most Clovis points are easily barbs that are created by deep notch- recognized by a prominent ing. The base is slightly rounded to slightly flute, which is a large flake or concave, and most bases, as well as notches, blade, which has been removed are ground. Length: Range 28 mm.- 60 mm.; from the base of the point. The Average 35 mm. Clovis is a thin point. lanceolateor leaf-like in shape. It was probably usedon the tip of Kirk a thrusting spear. Length: Average 60 mm. The Kirk corner notched Hardaway (8,000-5,000 BC) sides may be straight to rounded The Hardaway Dalton and occasionally serrated. (10,000 -9,000 BC) is The bow and arrow were a broad and thin point. not invented until several The edges of the point thousand years later. yet the are sharply tapered Palmer and Kirk corner yet not as sharp as the notched points are often Hardaway side notched. mistakenly considered to be The sides are straight to "typical arrowheads." Length: slightly rounded with Range 40 mm. 100 mm.; occasional, light serration. Average 60 mm. The base is deeply concave. Length: Range 50mrn.-80mm.; The Kirk stemmed points Average 60 mm. (8,000-5,000 BC) have long The Hardaway side notched dagger-like blades with (10,000-9,000 BC) is a small, deep serrations and broad broad, thin triangular point stems. The edges are straight with straight to rounded sides to concave or recun,.e, and which taper to a sharp point. often serrated. These points The base is concave. Length: have pronounced shoulders Range 28 mm. 50mm.; which taper into large corner Average 35 mm. notches. The stem expands toward the base. Length: Range 70 mm. 150 mm.; Average 100 mm.

Note: Projectile pointsare actual size. 53

Pettigrew State Park. NC 8.2 February 1994 Savannah River Halifax The Savannah River I The Halifax point (4,000 BC to 3,000 BC) (3,000-2,000 BC) is a is fairly thick. The blade of large, heavy triangular the Halifax is usually long, and point with straight to the edges are slightly rounded rounded sides. The to slightly concave. The widest prominent shoulders part of the Halifax is at the are usually at right shoulder which tapers into a angles to the stem. shallow side notch. The base The stems are mostly may be straight to slightly con- straight, but some cave. Both base and side notches very broad points have are usually ground. Most Halifax tapered stems. Bases points are made of milky quartz. Length: are straight to concave. Range 29 mm. 56 mm.: Average 44 mm. Length: Range 70 mm. 170 mm.; Average 100 mm. Guilford Lanceolate Guilford points (4.000-3.000 BC) are characterized by having long, thick blades The Savannah River II and lanceolate appearances. The bases and (3,000-1,900 BC) is a lower parts of Guilfords are usually ground. heavy triangular point. The most common Guilford points have Most points have straight straight to rounded bases. Length: Range to rounded sides. While 50 mm. 120 mm.; Average 90 mm. most shoulders are at right angles to the stem, some are rounded, and some are barbed. Length: Average 50

Stan ly The Stan ly point (6,000-4,000 BC) is a broad, thick triangular point. The edges may be straight to con- cave and often deeply serrated. The wide, pronounced shoulders taper into a short square stem. The base of the Stan ly point has a shallow notch. Length: Range 40 mm. - 80 mm.; Average 55 mm. 54

Pettigrew State Park, NC 8.3 February 1994 Morrow Mountain Roanoke The Morrow Mountain I (5,000-3,000 BC) The large Roanoke is a broad triangular point with (1,000 BC -AD 1715) straight, rounded, or convex are triangular in shape. edges. On some Morrow The large Roanoke points Mountain. I points the have straight to concave sides edges are faintly serrated. and slightly concave bases. They have broad shoulders Length: Range 20 mm - 60 mm.; which taper into a short Average 43 mm. stem, which may be pointed. Length: Range 30 70 mm.: The small Roanoke point Average 45 mm. (1,000 BC AD 1715 ) is a smaller version of the large Roanoke. The Morrow Mountain II (4,000-3,000 BC) It is small to very small in size. point tends to have a longer. It is triangular in shape with straight narrower blade than the older to concave sides. The base can be Morrow Mountain I.Its straight to slightly concave. tapered and pointed stem is Length: Average 25 mm. also usually longer than the Morrow Mountain I. Length: Range 30 mm.- 80 mm.; A'.:-.-age 60 mm.

Pettigrew State Park. NC 8,4 February 1994 *Vessels Found at Lake Phelps

Croaker Landing Plain Vessel Colington Vessels with Lug Handles The Colington vessels have a surface which The Croaker Landing plain vessels with lug is plain, fabric impressed, simple stamped handles, Pettigrew variety, (1700-1000 BC) or incision (chevron) decorated. They are have a surface which is plain, cord marked or tempered with crushed oyster or mussel shells. covered with wavy lines. They are tempered Colington Phase with lumps of dried clay. Size: approximately Miniature Vessel 20 cm tall by 30.5 cm wide. (AD 8001650). Size: approximately 5 cm tall.

Colington Phase Plain Vessel (AD 8001650). Size: approximately 10 cm tall.

Mount Pleasant Colington Phase Net Impressed Vessel Fabric Impressed Mt. Pleasant net impressed vessels Vessel with (300 BC AD 800) have a surface finish Castellated Rim which is plain, cord marked impressed with (AD 8001650). net or fabric, or incision (chevron) decorated. Size: approximately They are tempered with sand and have pebble 18 cm tall. inclusions. Size: approximately 38 cm tall by 30.5 cm wide. Deep Creek Cord Marked Vessel Deep Creek cord marked vessels (1,000 - 300 BC) have a surface finish which is plain, cord- marked, net or fabric impressed or incision deco- rated. They are temperedwith * Drawings of vessels courtesy fine to coarse sand. 01 East Carolina University. Size: approximately 46 cm tall by 46 cm wide. Dept. of Anthropology

Pettigrew State Park, NC 8.5 5 6 February 1994 SCHEDULING WORKSHEET

For office use only: Date request received Request received by

I) Name of group (school)

2)Contact person name phone (work) (home)

address 3) Day/date/time of requested program

4) Program desired and program length

5) Meeting place

6) Time of arrival at park Time of departure from park

7) Number of students Age range (grade) (Note: A maximum of 30 participants is recommended.)

8) Number of chaperones (Note: One adult for every 10 students is recommended)

9) Areas of special emphasis

10) Special considerations of group (e.g. allergies, health concerns, physical limitations)

11) Have you or your group participated in park programs before? If yes, please indicate previous programs attended:

12) Are parental permission forms required? If yes, please use the Parental Permission form on page 9.2.

,have read the entire Environmental Education Learning Experience and understand and agree to all the conditions within it.

Return to: Pettigrew State Park Route 1, Box 336 Creswell, NC 27928 J7 Pettigrew State Park. NC 9.1 February 1994 PARENTAL PERMISSION FORM

Dear Parent:

Your child will soon be involved in an exciting learning adventurean environmental education experience at . Studies have shown that such "hands-on" learning programs improve children's attitudes and performance in a broad range of school subjects.

In order to make your child's visit to "nature's classroom" as safe as possible we ask that you provide the following information and sign at the bottom. Please note that insects, poison ivy and other potential risks are a natural part of any outdoor setting. We advise that children bring appropriate clothing!. (long pants, gear, sturdy shoes) for their planned activities.

Child's name

Does your child:

Have an allergy to bee stings or insect bites? If so, please have them bring their medication and stress that they, or the group leader, be able to administer it.

Have other allergies?

Have any other health problems we should be aware of?

In case of an emergency, I give permission for my child to be treated by the attending physician.I understand that I would be notified as soon as possible.

Parent's signature date

Parent's name Home phone (please print) Work phone

Family Physician's name phone

Alternate Emergency Contact

Name phone

53

Pettigrew State Park. NC 9.2 February 1994 NORTH CAROLINA PARKS & RECREATION PROGRAM EVALUATION

Please take a few moments to evaluate the program(s) you received. This will help us improve our service to you in the future.

1. Program title(s) Date Program leader(s)

2. What part of the program(s) did you find the most interesting and useful?

3. What part(s) did you find the least interesting and useful?

4. What can we do to improve the program(s)?

5. General comments

LEADERS OF SCHOOL GROUPS AND OTHER ORGANIZED YOUTH GROUPS 1 PLEASE ANSWER THESE ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS: 6. Group (school) name

7. Did the program(s) meet the stated objectives or curriculum needs? If not, why?

Please return the completed form to park staff. Thank you.

Pettigrew State Park Route 1, Box 336 Creswell, NC 27928

Pettigrew State Park, NC February 1994