IRRI ' , INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OAB INTERNATIONAL Riceland of South and Cover photographs

Top left: Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand) feeding on a . Top right: Pardosa pseudoannulata spiderling preying on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). Bottom left: Argiope eatenulata (Doleschall) female on a web with wrapped prey, Oxya hyla intrieata Stal. Bottom right: Spiderling of Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell preying on green leafhopper Nephotettix vireseens (Distant). Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia

A. T Barrion and J.A. Litsinger Entomology Division International Rice Research Institute

CAB INTERNATIONAL in association with the International Rice Research Institute CAB INTERNATIONAL Tel: Wallingford +44 (0)149[ 832[11 Wallingford Telex: 847964 (COMAGG G) Oxon OXlO SDE E-mail: [email protected] UK Fax: +44 (0)[49[ 833508

© CAB INTERNATIONAL 1995. All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically. by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners.

Published in association with:

International Rice Research Institute PO Box 933 1099 Manila The Philippines

A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 0 85[98 967 5

Typeset by Coiset Pte Ltd, Printed and bound in the UK at the University Press. Cambridge Contents

Abstract xvii

Acknowledgements xix

I Introduction 1 Historical background

II External Anatomy 3 Cephalothorax 3 Eyes 3 Mouthparts 3 5 Maxillae 5 Labium 6 Sternum 6 Legs 6 Abdomen 8 ill Life History 9

IV Materials and Methods 11 Collection sites 11 Sampling techniques 11 Preservation of specimens. 11 Photographing and preparation for illustrations 11 Classification 13 Measurements 13 Rearing methods 14

V Classification of the Families 15 Order Araneae 15

VI A Key to Identification of F:amiIies of Philippine Spiders 17

VII Descriptions 21 Family Theraphosidae Thorell 21 BaccalJbrapo n. gen. 21 BaccalJbrapo bundokalbo n. gen. and sp. 22

v vi Contents

Family Barychelidae Pocock 24 Idioctis Koch 24 Idioctis sierramadrensis n. sp. 25

Family Uloboridae Cambridge 27 KEY TO THE ULOBORID GENERA AND 27 Genus Zosis Walckenaer 27 Zosis geniculatus (Olivier) 27 Genus Miagrammopes O. Pickard-Cambridge 29 Miagrammopes maigsieus n. sp. 29 Miagrammopes brooksptensis n. sp. 30

Family Dictynidae Cambridge 31 Genus Dictyna Sundevall 32 Dictyna siniloanensis n. sp. 32

Family Oonopidae Simon 32 Genus Opopaea Simon 33 Opopaea batangueiia n. sp. 33

Family Pholcidae Koch 35 KEY TO THE PHOLCID GENERA AND SPECIES 35 Genus Artema Walckenaer 35 Artema sp. 36 Genus Pholcus Walckenaer 36 Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin) 37

Family Scytodidae Blackwall 37 Genus Scytodes Latreille 37 Scytodes thoracica (Latreille) 37

Family Salticidae Blackwall 40 KEY TO THE SALTICID GENERA AND SPECIES 40 Genus Thorell 43 Spartaeus uplandicus n. sp. 43 Genus Simon 45 Phaeacius mainitensis n. sp. 45 Genus Emathis Simon 47 Emathis astorgasensis n. sp. 47 Emathis makilingensis n. sp. 49 Genus Myrmarachne Macleay 50 Myrmarachne bidentata Banks 50 Myrmarachne markaha n. sp. 51 Myrmarachne pinakapalea n. sp. 54 Myrmarachne vulgarisa n. sp. 55 Myrmarachne caliraya n. sp. 56 Myrmarachne onceana n. sp. 58 Myrmarachne pinoysorum n. sp. 61 Genus Bianor Peckham and Peckham 61 Bianor hotingchiehi Schenkel 62 Genus Gangus Simon 64 Gangus manipisus n. sp. 64 Genus Hyllus C.L. Koch 64 Hyllus maskaranus n. sp. 65 Genus Epeus Peckham and Peckham 67 Epeus edwardsi n. sp. 68 Epeus hawigalboguttatus n. sp. 68 Contents vii

Genus Cosmophasis Simon 70 Cosmophasis estrellaensis n. sp. 70 Cosmophasis parangpilota n. sp. 71 Cosmophasis trioipina n. sp. 73 Genus Phintella Strand 74 Phintella bunyiae n. sp. 74 Phintella piatensis n. sp. 76 Genus Mantisatta Warburton 77 Mantisatta longicauda Cutler and Wanless 78 Genus Telamonia Thorell 78 Telamonia masinloc n. sp. 79 Telamonia parangfestiva n. sp. 80 Genus Plexippus C.L. Koch 81 Plexippus calcuttaensis (Tikader) 81 Plexippus petersi (Karsch) 83 Plexippus paykulli (Audouin) 83 Genus Thiania C.L. Koch 86 Thiania viscaensis n. sp. 86 Genus Rhene Thorell 86 Rhene hinlalakea n. sp. 86 Rhene habahumpa n. sp. 89 Genus Harmochirus Simon 89 Harmochirus brachiatus (Thorell) 90 Genus Hasarius Simon 92 Hasarius adansoni (Audouin) 92 Genus Gambaquezonia n. gen. 94 Gambaquezonia itimana n. gen. and sp. 95 Genus Chalcotropis Simon 96 Chalcotropis luceroi n. sp. 96 Genus Simaetha Thorell 99 Simaetha damongpalaya n. sp. 99 Simaetha makinanga n. sp. 99

Family Clubionidae Wagner 102 KEY TO THE CLUBIONID GENERA AND SPECIES 102 Genus Clubiona Latreille 106 Clubiona drassodes O.P. Cambridge 106 Clubiona charleneae n. sp. 108 Clubiona gallagheri n. sp. 111 Clubiona japonicola Boesenberg and Strand 111 Clubiona pahilistapyasea n. sp. 114 Clubiona pototanensis n. sp. 116 Clubiona kapataganensis n. sp. 116 Clubiona topakea n. sp. 119 Clubiona hugisva n. sp. 121 Clubiona victoriaensis n. sp. 122 Clubiona dikita n. sp. 124 Clubiona unanoa n. sp. 126 Clubiona krisisensis n. sp. 126 Clubiona katioryza n. sp. 128 Clubiona paranghinlalakirta n. sp. 128 Clubiona venusae n. sp. 131 Clubiona maysangarta n. sp. 133 Clubiona hugispaa n. sp. 133 viii Contents

Clubiona leonilae n. sp. 136 Clubiona zandstrai n. sp. 136 Clubiona parangunikarta n. sp. 139 Clubiona unikarta n. sp. 140 Clubiona manipisea n. sp. 142 Genus Clubionoides Edwards 144 Clubionoides kawitpaaia n. sp. 144 Clubionoides bukaea n. sp. 146 Clubionoides turongdaliriana n. sp. 147 Genus Kakaibanoides n. gen. 149 Kakaibanoides paranga n. gen. and sp. 149 Genus Cheiracanthium C. Koch 152 Cheiracanthium daquilium n. sp. 152 Cheiracanthium liplikeum n. sp. 154 Cheiracanthium payateus n. sp. 156 Cheiracanthium itakeus n. sp. 156 Cheiracanthium Iigawsolanum n. sp. 159 Cheiracanthium tigbauanensis n. sp. 161 Cheirancanthium tingilium n. sp. 164 Cheiracanthium bikakapenalcolium n. sp. 165 Cheiracanthium hugiscium n. sp. 167 Cheiracanthium catindigae n. sp. 168 Genus Alaeho n. gen. 170 Alaeho linoi n. gen. andSfl. 170 Genus Castianeira Keyseding 171 Castianeira tiranglupa n. sp. 172 Genus Agroeca Westring 172 Agroeca kltina n. sp. 174 Genus Phrurolithus C.L. Koch 174 Phrurolithus ulopatulisus n. sp. 174 Genus Scotinella Banks 178 Scotinella tinikitkita n. sp. 178

Family Gnaphosidae Pocock 180 KEY TO THE GNAPHOSID GENERA AND SPECIES 180 Genus Micaria Westring 181 Micaria siniloana n. sp. 181 Genus Zelotes Gistel 182 Zelotes capiliae n. sp. 184 Zelotes cavaleriei Schenkel 184 Genus Poecilochroa Westring 187 Poecilochroa dayamibrookiana n. sp. 187 Poecilochroa otonensis n. sp. 190 Poecilochroa alcala n. sp. 190 Poecilochroa parangunijascigera n. sp. 191 Genus Geodrassus Chamberlin 194 Geodrassus ellenae n. sp. 194 Genus Scotophaeus Simon 195 Scotophaeus leoi n. sp. 195 Scotophaeus cecileae n. sp. 197

Family Thomisidae Sundevall 198 KEY TO THE THOMISID GENEM.AND SPECIES 199 Genus Borboropactus Simon 203 Borboropactus mindoroensis n. sp. 203 Contents ix

Borboropactus umaasaeus n. sp. 203 Borboropactus bangkongeus n. sp. 206 Genus Cupa Strand 208 Cupa ka/awitana n. sp. 208 Genus Tharrha/ea L. Koch 209 Tharrha/ea mariae n. sp. 210 Genus Stiphropus Gerstaecker 210 Stiphropus sangayus n. sp. 210 Genus Loxobates Thorell 213 Loxobates kawilus n. sp. 213 Loxobates masapangensis n. sp. 214 Genus Tmarus Simon 216 Tmarus dostinikus n. sp. 216 Genus Monaeses Thorell 217 Monaeses habamatinikus n. sp. 218 Monaeses acicu/us (Simon) 220 Genus Runcinia Simon 220 Runcinia sangasanga n. sp. 221 Runcinia a/bostriata Boesenberg and Strand 224 Runcinia acuminata (Thorell) 225 Genus Thomisus WaIckenaer 228 Thomisus ita/ongus n. sp. 228 Thomisus okinawensis Strand 229 Thomisus iswadus n. sp. 232 Thomisus ilocanus n. sp. 234 Genus Taypaliito n. gen. 234 Taypaliito iorebotco n. gen. and sp. 236 Genus Camaricus Thorell 237 Camaricus florae n. sp. 237 Camaricus formosus Thorell 238 Camaricus parisukatus n. sp. 240 Genus Misumenoides F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 241 Misumenoides matinikus n. sp. 241 Misumenoides pabilogus n. sp. 242 Genus Misumena Latreille 244 Misumena maputiyana n. sp. 244 Misumena tapyasuka n. sp. 245 Misumena menoka Tikader 247 Genus Xysticus C.L. Koch 247 Xysticus pa/awanicus n. sp. 247 Genus Diaea Thorell 250 Diaea carangali n. sp. 250 Diaea tadtadtinika n. sp. 252 Genus Synaema Simon 252 Synaema g/obosum (Fabricius) 252 Synaema batarasa n. sp. 255 Genus Lysite/es Simon 256 Lysite/es umalii n. sp. 257 Lysite/es sorsogonensis n. sp. 259 Lysite/es suwertikos n. sp. 260 Lysite/es boteus n. sp. 262 Lysite/es magka/apitus n. sp. 264 Genus Misumenops F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 264 Misumenops morrisi n. sp. 266 x Contents

Misumenops maygitgitus n. sp. 267

Family Philodromidae Walckenaer 268 Genus Philodromus Walckenaer 269 Philodromus kianganensis n. sp. 269 Genus Thanatus C.L. Koch 269 Thanatus parangvuigaris n. sp. 270

Family Eusparassidae Simon 272 KEY TO THE EUSPARASSID GENERA AND SPECIES 272 Genus Heteropoda Latreille 274 Heteropoda cyperusiria n. sp. 274 Heteropoda garciai n. sp. 276 Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) 276 Genus Olios Walckenaer 281 Olios paaiongus n. sp, 281 Olios mahabangkawitus n. sp. 283 Olios perezi n. sp. 283 Genus Theicticopis Karsch 284 Theicticopis huyopiata n. sp. 285 Theicticopis kianganensis n. sp. 287 Theicticopis simpierta n. sp. 288 Theicticopis kaparanganensis n. sp. 290 Genus Isopeda L. Koch 292 Isopeda sungaya n. sp. 292 Isopeda igraya n. sp. 293 Isopeda catmona n. sp. 295 Isopeda pseudokumanga n. sp. 297 Isopeda tuhodnigra n. sp. 297 Isopeda bicoiana n. sp. 299

Family Mimetidae Simon 301 KEY TO THE MIMETID GENERA AND SPECIES 301 Genus Mimetus Hentz 301 Mimetus marjorieae n. sp. 301 Genus Ero C.L. Koch 303 Ero salittana n. sp. 303 Ero iuzonensis n. sp. 304

Family Zodariidae Thorell 306 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF ANT·EATING SPIDERS 306 Genus Asceua Thorell 307 Asceua gruezoi Barrion and Litsinger 307 Genus Langbiana Hogg 309 Langbiana panchoi Barrion and Litsinger 310 Langbiana pricei n. sp. 311 Langbiana siaburuprica n. sp. 313 Langbiana calilungae Barrion and Litsinger 315

Family Oxyopidae Thorell 316 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF LYNX SPIDERS 317 Genus Peucetia Thorell 318 Peucetia myanmarensis n. sp. 318 Genus Oxyopes Latreille 321 Oxyopes bikakaeus n. sp. 321 Oxyopes tiengianensis n. sp. 324 Oxyopes javanus Thorell 326 Contents xi

Oxyopes matiensis n. sp. 329 Oxyopes aspirasi n. sp. 332 Oxyopes pingasus n. sp. 334 Oxyopes /ineatipes (C.L. Koch) 334 Oxyopes delmonteensis n. sp. 337

Family Hahniidae Bertkau 338 Genus Hahnia C.L. Koch 339 Hahnia tuybaana n. sp. 339 Genus Neoantistea Gertsch 339 Neoantistea kaisaisa n. sp. 339

Family Pisauridae Simon 342 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF NURSERY WEB SPIDERS 342 Genus Pisaura Simon 343 Pisaura putiana n. sp. 343 Pisaura parangbusta n. sp. 345 Genus Perenethis L. Koch 345 Perenethis kawangisa n. sp. 345 Perenethis unijasciata (Doleschall) 348 Genus Thalassius Simon 350 Thalassius bottrelli n. sp. 350 Thalassius balingkinitanus n. sp. 352 Thalassius albocinctus (Doleschall) 352

Family Lycosidae Sundevall 355 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF WOLF SPIDERS 356 Genus Venonia Thorell 359 Venonia gabrielae n. sp. 359 Genus Hippasa Simon 360 Hippasa partita (Cambridge) 361 Hippasa holmerae Thorell 362 Genus Artoria Thorell 364 Artoria luwamata n. sp. 364 Genus Pirata Sundevall 366 Pirata luzonensis n. sp. 366 Pirata blabakensis n. sp. 368 Genus Schizocosa Chamberlin 371 Schizocosa cotabatoana n. sp. 371 Genus Arctosa C.L. Koch 372 Arctosa tanakai n. sp. 373 Genus Trochosa C.L. Koch 376 Trochosa alviolai n. sp. 376 Trochosa canapii n. sp. 378 Genus Pardosa C.L. Koch 378 Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand) 379 Pardosa sumatrana (Thorell) 382 Pardosa irriensis n. sp. 385 Pardosa birmanica Simon 386 Pardosa mackenziei (Gravely) 389 Pardosa patapatensis n. sp. 392 Pardosa aposto/i n. sp. 393 Pardosa magkasalubonga n. sp. 394 Pardosa ca/iraya n. sp. 396 Pardosa dani/oi n. sp. 398 Pardosa sacayi n. sp. 399 xii Contents

Pardosa hawakana n. sp. 402 Pardosa warayensis n. sp. 402 Pardosa santamaria n. sp. 403 Pardosa mabinii n. sp. 405 Pardosa pahalanga n. sp. 406 Genus Hogna Simon 409 Hogna rizali n. sp. 409 Hogna bonifacioi n. sp. 409

Family Hersiliidae Thorell 411 Genus Hersilia Audouin 411 Hersilia clathrata Thorell 411

Family Theridiidae Sundevall 413 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF COMB·FOOTED SPIDERS 413 Genus Phoroncidia Westwood 417 " Phoroncidia bukolana n. sp. 417 Genus Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge 418 Chrysso argyrodiformis (Yaginuma) 419 Chrysso anei n. sp. 422 Chrysso tiboli n. sp. 423 Chrysso isumbo n. sp. 423 Genus Coleosom� O. Pickard-Cambridge 427 Coleosoma octomaculatum (Boesenberg and Strand) 427 Coleosoma blandum Cambridge 427 Coleosoma caliothripsum n. sp. 428 Coleosoma pseudoblandum n. sp. 431 Coleosoma saispotum n. sp. 432 Coleosoma pabilogum n. sp. 432 Coleosoma matinikum n. sp. 435 Genus Achaearanea Strand 436 Achaearanea brookesiana n. sp. 436 Genus Achaearyopa n. gen. 437 Achaearyopa pnaca n. gen. and n. sp. 438 Genus Landoppo n. gen. 438 Landoppo misamisoriensis n. gen. and n. sp. 439 Genus Theridion Walckenaer 441 Theridion bitakum n. sp. 441 Theridion necijaensis n. sp. 444 Theridion kambalum n. sp. 444 Theridion ischagosum n. sp. 445 Theridion" antheae n. sp. 447 Theridion otsospotum n. sp. 449 Theridion punongpalayum n. sp. 449 Theridion lumabani n. sp. 449 Genus Anelosimus Simon 451 Anelosimus salaensis n. sp. 452 Anelosimus nigrobaricus n. sp. 453 Genus Dipoena Thorell 453 Dipoena ruedai n. sp. 454 Dipoena tuldokguhitanea n. sp. 456 Genus Latrodectus Walckenaer 457 Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius) 457 Genus Argyrodes Simon 458 Argyrodes saganus (Doenitz and Strand) 458 Contents xiii

Argyrodes bonadea (Karsch) 461 Genus Steatoda Sundevall 462 Steatoda ngipina n. sp. 462 Genus Enoplognatha Pavesi 463 Enoplognatha philippinensis n. sp. 464 Enoplognatha kalaykayina n. sp. 465 Enoplognatha tuybaana n. sp. 465 Enoplognatha yelpantrapensis n. sp. 467 Enoplognatha eariasoi n. sp. 469 Enoplognatha malapahabanda n. sp. 471 Enoplognatha puifltuberculata n. sp. 471 Enoplognatha maysanga n. sp. 471 Enoplognatha apaya n. sp. 473

Family Linyphiidae Blackwall 475 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF SHEET-WEB SPIDERS 475 Genus Bathyphantes Menge 476 ?Bathyphantes tagalogensis n. sp. 476 Genus Atypena Simon 477 Atypena adelinae n. sp. 477 Atypena thailandiea n. sp. 480 Genus Erigone Audouin 481 Erigone malvari n. sp. 481 Erigone bifurea Locket 482

Family Theridiosomatidae Vellard 484 Genus Wendilgarda Keyserling 485 Wendilgarda liliwensis n. sp. 486

Family Tetragnathidae Menge 486 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF LONG-JAWED SPIDERS 487 Genus Dysehiriognatha Simon 490 Dysehiriognatha hawigtenera n. sp. 490 Genus Pachygnatha Sundevall 492 Pachygnatha oehongipina n. sp. 492 Genus Tetragnatha Latreille 494 Tetragnatha javana (Thorell) 494 Tetragnatha desaguni n. sp. 497 Tetragnatha liavaea n. sp. 497 Tetragnatha virescens Okuma 502 Tetragnatha vermiformis Emerton 503 Tetragnatha okumae n. sp. 505 Tetragnatha iwahigensis n. sp. 507 Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell 509 Tetragnatha eeyloniea Cambridge 513 Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer 516 Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin) 518

Family Metidae C.L. Koch 520 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF METID SPIDERS 521 Genus Phonognatha Simon 522 Phonognatha guanga n. sp. 522 Genus Meta C.L. Koch 525 Meta baywanga n. sp. 525 Meta tiniktirika n. sp. 526 Genus Ty/orida Simon 530 xiv Contents

Tylorida striata Thorell 530 Genus Mesida Kulczynski 532 Mesida realensis n. sp. 533 Mesida matinika n. sp. 533 Genus Leucauge White 535 Leucauge parangscipinia n. sp. 537 Leucauge decorata (Blackwall) 539 Leucauge mahabascapea n. sp. 540 Leucauge jastigata (Simon) 540 Leucauge argentina (Van Hasselt) 543 Leucauge bontoc n. sp. 544 Leucauge celebesiana (Walckenaer) 545 Leucauge iraray n. sp. 547 Family Araneidae Dahl 548 KEY TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF ARANEJD SPIDERS 548 Genus Gasteracantha Sundevall 553 Gasteracanthajanopol n. sp. 553 Gasteracantha mammosa C.L. Koch 554 Gasteracantha parangdiadesmia n. sp. 555 Gasteracantha diadesmia Thorell 557 Gasteracantha kuhlii C.L. Koch 559 Genus Nephila Leach 560 Nephila maculata (Fabricius) 560 Nephila antipodiana (Walckenaer) 563 Genus Nephilengys L. Koch 565 Nephilengys kenmorei n. sp. 565 Nephilengys malabarensis (Walckenaer) 565 Genus Gea C.L. Koch 566 Gea subarmata Thorell 568 Gea zaragosa n. sp. 569 Genus Argiope Audouin 569 Argiope catenulata (Doleschall) 570 Argiope luzona (Walckenaer) 573 Argiope aemula (Walckenaer) 575 Argiope sapoa n. sp. 577 Genus Poltys C.L. Koch 579 Poltys i/Iepidus C.L. Koch 579 Genus Cyrtarachne Thorell 581 Cyrtarachne tuladepilachna n. sp. 581 Genus Parawixia F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 581 Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall) 582 Genus Acusilas Simon 584 Acusilas dahoneus n. sp. 584 Genus Cyrtophora Simon 585 Cyrtophora exanthematica (Doleschall) 585 Cyrtophora parangexanthematica n. sp. 586 Cyrtophora unicolor (Doleschall) 587 Cyrtophora koronadalensis n. sp. 590 Genus Cyc/osa Menge 590 Cyclosa ipilea n. sp. 591 Cyc/osa banawensis n. sp. 592 Cyc/osa mulmeinensis (Thorell) 593 Cyclosa parangmulmeinensis n. sp. 594 Cyclosa krusa n. sp. 596 Contents xv

Cye/osa insulana (Costa) 598 Cye/osa otsomarka n. sp. 601 Cye/osa dosbukolea n. sp. 601 Cye/osa parangtarugoa n. sp. 603 Cye/osa saismarka n. sp. 605 Cye/osa baakea n. sp. 605 Cye/osa bifida (Doleschall) 608 Genus Singa C.L. Koch 610 Singa hilira n. sp. 610 Genus Hyposinga Ausserer 610 Hyposinga pygmaea (Sundevall) 611 Genus Larinia Simon 612 Larinia fusiformis (Thorell) 612 Larinia phthisica (L. Koch) 614 Larinia parangmata n. sp. 617 Genus Neoscona Simon 618 Neoscona dostinikea n. sp. 618 Neoscona yptinika n. sp. 620 Neoscona usbonga n. sp. 620 Neoscona oriemindoroana n. sp. 624 Neoscona theisi (WaIckenaer) 625 Neoscona molemensis Tikader and Bal 627 Neoscona nautica (L. Koch) 629 Neoscona rumpfi (Thorell) 630 Genus Araneus Clerck 631 Araneus inustus (C.L. Koch) 631 Araneus tinikdikitus n. sp. 635 Araneus dospinolongus n. sp. 635 Araneus tatsulokeus n. sp. 636 Araneus mitificus (Simon) 638 Araneus ellipticus (Tikader and Bal) 639 Araneus santacruziensis n. sp. 640 Genus Eriovixia Archer 640 Eriovixia laglaizei (Simon) 641 Eriovixia excelsa (Simon) 643 Genus Tukaraneus n. gen. 644 Tukaraneus palawanensis n. gen. and sp. 645 Tukaraneus mahabaeus n. gen. and sp. 645 Tukaraneus patulisus n. gen. and sp. 649

VIII Common Relatives of Spiders 651 Order Acari 651 Order Opiliones 651 Order Pseudoscorpiones 652

IX Spider Diversity in Philippine Rice Environments 653

X Distribntion Maps of Riceland Spiders 657

XI Glossary 687

XII References and Fnrther Reading 693

XIII Species Index 697

Colored Plates of Some Common Spiders 701