Fall of the

Reasons for the Fall

I. First great history book was ______written by

______

a. Claimed the reason Rome fell was because of ______

b. Main argument:

______

______

______

II. Other Arguments why Rome fell

a. Slavery

i. ______

______

______

b. Invasion

i. ______

______

______

c. Corruption

i. ______

______

______

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d. Invasion

i. ______

______

______

e. Insanity

i. ______

______

III. Was there a single reason Rome fell?

a. ______

______

Problems facing Empire

I. Death of Commodus

a. Commodus wastes Roman money on

______

b. Killed by his ______who was hired by

______

c. Left Empire facing many problems

II. Civil War

a. After Commodus’ death, Rome ruled by a series of ______

i. Definition:

______

______

______

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ii. Rome Experiences ______Emperors in ______years

b. Left ______in the Roman borders as generals fought one another

i. From ______Rome had ______vying for the throne

III. Size

a. Roman Emperor had become too large to rule from a single city

b. Problems with corrupt or rebellious ______

c. Unable to ______

d. Civil wars left Rome with ______

IV. Famine

a. Throughout the ______, Europe undergoes a ______

i. ______drop significantly

ii. ______shorten leading to ______

iii. Europe experiences ______

iv. Ironically, ______

______

1. One of the motivating factors stopping from invading Italy was

______

V. The Money

a. Too much of the coinage was being ______

i. Definition:

______

______

ii. Allowed Rome to ______but drastically

______

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iii. Allowed barracks emperors to quickly ______

VI. Invasion of Barbarians

a. Tribes from ______and ______invading Roman

territory

b. Military too weak to stop it

Attempts at Reform

I. Emperor

a. Defeats ______by turning his barbarian armies against

him

b. Attempted to solve 2 problems simultaneously

i. ______

ii. ______

c. Made his assistant ______into a ______

d. Gave him control of ______and moved his capital to

______in ______

e. Divided military into a ______

i. Definition:

______

______

______

f. Great Persecution

i. Diocletian targeted ______to be tortured or killed

ii. Feared them because ______

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iii. Blamed ______on Christians

iv. Burned ______

v. Punishments were so harsh that

______

Emperor Constantine

I. Constantine takes over after Diocletian ______

a. Definition:

______

______

b. Oldest of Diocletian’s sons

II. Finalized Diocletian’s reforms by ______

a. He makes Rome ______

instead of ______

b. Takes control of Byzantium and renames it ______

c. Gives control of Rome to ______

III. Why ?

a. Strategic: ______

b. Wealthy: ______

c. Safe: ______

IV. Constantine’s conversion

a. 313, Edict of : Constantine declares that Christians can follow faith without fear of

______

b. Constantine then ______

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i. Claims he saw ______

ii. Real reason more likely his ______

c. Closes all ______and dismisses all ______

d. Replaces ______with ______

i. Gives ______

e. Ends ______

f. Constantine takes a direct hand in shaping the religion

g. While Constantine does not make it a requirement for citizens to convert he does ____

______

i. This means ______

h. Replaces Roman holidays with ______

i. Allows Romans to ______

V. Council of Nicea

a. Problem:

______

______

b. Constantine calls church leaders to Nicea:

i. Leaders decide on a single ______

ii. Declares all other writings ______

iii. Breaks Christianity from Jewish traditions such as ______

iv. Declares ______to be leader of Church

VI. Religious Conflict

a. Not all Romans ______

b. Julian the Apostate(361-363)

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i. Attempted to retake ______territory lost to ______

______

ii. Moved capital to ______

iii. Reinstated all ______

1. Was killed in battle possibly by one of his own soldiers

2. Christianity restored by ______

VII. Military Collapse

a. Much of Roman military moved to ______-

b. Rome left to hire ______

i. Definition:

______

______

The Barbarians

I. Barbarian comes from the ______language

a. Means:

______

______

b. To the Romans, Barbarian meant:

______

II. The

a. Originally come from ______

b. United by a war chief called a ______

i. Greatest of these was ______

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c. The Huns were the masters of the ______

d. They were masters of the ______

i. Developed ______which allowed them to

______

e. Typically Huns would ride into battle with ______

i. Switch mid-battle when they ran out of arrows or spears f. Attila the Hun

i. Called “______” by the Romans

ii. Inherited various tribes of ______

1. Unified them into a single army g. By ______the Huns had devastated ______and were raiding

______h. Threatened Empire because

______

i. Eventually would attack ______

ii. Destroyed city of ______so thoroughly even its foundation could

not be identified

iii. Dissuaded from attacking Rome only when ______

______i. Attila in Europe

i. Dissuaded from attacking France only when ______

______

ii. Defeated Roman armies at ______and ______

1. Stopped only at gates of ______

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j. Treaty of Margus

i. Romans fully admit they cannot defeat Attila, agree to ______

1. Offer ______

2. Huns ultimately ______

k. Attila’s death:

III. The Goths

a. ______tribes from ______

b. Several different tribes that included the ______, the

______and the ______

c. Pushed out of their original territory by the ______

d. Invaded Roman Territory

i. Took control of ______and ______

e. Ostrogoths

i. Eastern tribe that was ______

1. After Attila’s death they ______

f.

i. Escaped both ______and ______rule to challenge the Empire

ii. Defeated and killed ______at the ______

1. Seen as the final defeat of the Roman military in ______

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g. The Vandals

i. Originally from ______

ii. Fled Hun invasion all the way to ______

iii. Resisted all ______

1. Eventually ______in 455CE

2. Though portrayed as savages they were master ______

IV. The Franks

a. Group of Germanic tribes that invaded ______

b. Take territory without a fight

c. Rome acknowledges Frankish Kingdom in ______

d. Franks build ______to protect their territory

The Sack of Rome

I. Last Emperor of the was ______

II. Placed on the throne by his ______

III. Rome invaded by ______led by ______in

______

IV. Last Emperor replaced by ______who declares himself ______

a. Pope chooses to endorse this change (rather than by murdered)

Was this the end of Rome?

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