Nilanjana Dasgupta
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Automatic Preference for White Americans: Eliminating the Familiarity Explanation
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36, 316–328 (2000) doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1418, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Automatic Preference for White Americans: Eliminating the Familiarity Explanation Nilanjana Dasgupta New School University Debbie E. McGhee and Anthony G. Greenwald University of Washington and Mahzarin R. Banaji Yale University Received March 19, 1999; revised September 30, 1999; accepted November 16, 1999 Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), recent experiments have demonstrated a strong and automatic positive evaluation of White Americans and a relatively negative evaluation of African Americans. Interpretations of this finding as revealing pro-White attitudes rest critically on tests of alternative interpretations, the most obvious one being perceivers’ greater familiarity with stimuli representing White Americans. The reported experiment demonstrated that positive attributes were more strongly associated with White than Black Americans even when (a) pictures of equally unfamiliar Black and White individuals were used as stimuli and (b) differences in stimulus familiarity were statistically controlled. This experiment indicates that automatic race associations captured by the IAT are not compromised by stimulus familiarity, which in turn strengthens the conclusion that the IAT measures automatic evaluative associations. © 2000 Academic Press National surveys indicate that racism in American society has declined steadily over the past 50 years (Schuman, Steeh, & Bobo, 1997). Despite this This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (SBR-9422242, SBR-9710172, SBR-9422241, and SBR-9709924) and from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41328, MH-01533, and MH-57672). The authors thank William Cunningham and Scott Ottaway for their comments on an earlier draft. -
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Case: 13-17247 03/18/2014 ID: 9020778 DktEntry: 11 Page: 6 of 85 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, MARICOPA COUNTY BRANCH, NATIONAL ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN WOMEN'S FORUM PlaintifJ.~-Appellants vs. TOM HORNE, Attorney General of Arizona, in his official capacity, ARIZONA MEDICAL BOARD and LISA WYNN, Executive Director of the Arizona Medical Board, in her official capacity, Defendants-Appellees On Appeal from the United States District Court For the District of Arizona Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-01079-PHX-DGC The Honorable David G. Campbell, Judge BRIEF OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGISTS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS SARAH E. BURNS Elizabeth Buechner, Caitlin Kelly & Alyson Zureick, Legal Interns Washington Square Legal Services, Inc. NYU School of Law 245 Sullivan Street New York, New York 10012 Telephone: 212-998-6464 Facsimile: 212-995-4031 Email: [email protected] Attorney for Amici Curiae Social Psychologists Case: 13-17247 03/18/2014 ID: 9020778 DktEntry: 11 Page: 7 of 85 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ......................................................... .iii-ix INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ........................................................ 1 RELEVANT FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND ...............2 ARGUMENT ................................................................................. 3 I. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH DEMONSTRATES THAT THE USE OF STEREOTYPES STIGMATIZES AND INJURES SOCIALLY MARGINALIZED GROUPS AND THEIR MEMBERS ...................................... 5 II. THE PERPETUATION OF STIGMA HAS SERIOUS AND FAR-REACHING CONSEQUENCES FOR THE HEALTH, COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC OUTCOMES OF MEMBERS OF TARGETED GROUP .......................................................................... 8 A. Stigma has a negative impact on a person's mental and physical health ................................................................... 10 B. -
1 Curriculum Vitae Nilanjana Dasgupta Department of Psychology
30 March 2011 Curriculum Vitae Nilanjana Dasgupta Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts-Amherst Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way Amherst, MA 01003 Tel: 413-545-0049; Fax: 413-545-0996 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://euryale.sbs.umass.edu/users/dasgupta/index.html Education Ph.D. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1998 Area: Social Psychology Dissertation: Pigments of the imagination: The role of perceived skin color in stereotype maintenance and exacerbation. Dissertation committee: Mahzarin R. Banaji (advisor), Peter Salovey, Duane T. Wegener, Woo-kyoung Ahn, Jerome Singer M.Phil. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1996 Area: Social Psychology Theme essay: Perceptions of group variability and its consequences for social judgment. M.S. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1994 Area: Social Psychology Master’s thesis: Implicit stereotyping in judgments of groups and individuals. Thesis committee: Robert P. Abelson, Mahzarin R. Banaji (advisors), Peter Salovey. A.B. Smith College, Northampton, MA. 1992 Major: Psychology, Minor: Neuroscience Summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Psi Chi, Highest honors for Honors Thesis Employment 9/2006-on Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts—Amherst 2003-8/2006 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts—Amherst 1999-2002 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research 1997-1999 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, University of Washington—Seattle Grants, Awards, and Honors 9/1/09-8/31/12 National Science Foundation (BCS-0921096). “Collaborative research: Investigating underlying mechanisms and behavioral consequences of emotion- induced implicit prejudice.” (PI: Dasgupta w/ DeSteno). $411,104 3/1/06-8/31/11 National Science Foundation (BCS 0547967). -
1 Curriculum Vitae Nilanjana Dasgupta Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts-Amherst Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way
20 June 2012 Curriculum Vitae Nilanjana Dasgupta Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts-Amherst Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way Amherst, MA 01003 Tel: 413-545-0049; Fax: 413-545-0996 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://euryale.sbs.umass.edu/users/dasgupta/index.html Education Ph.D. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1998 Social Psychology M.Phil. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1996 Social Psychology M.S. Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1994 Social Psychology A.B. Smith College, Northampton, MA. 1992 Major: Psychology, Minor: Neuroscience Summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Psi Chi, Highest honors for Honors Thesis Employment 9/2006-on Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts—Amherst 2003-8/2006 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts—Amherst 1999-2002 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research 1997-1999 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, University of Washington—Seattle Grants, Awards, and Honors 9/1/11-8/31/14 National Science Foundation (GSE 1132651). PI: Dasgupta. Title: “Peer Matters: When and how do peers influence young women’s participation in science, technology engineering, and mathematics (STEM)?” $524,580 May 2012 Mellon Mutual Mentoring Team Grant. Co-PI with Jennifer McDermott. $10,000 March 2011 Hidden Bias Research Prize ($10,000) awarded by Level Playing Field Institute for outstanding research article on gender equity in the classroom published by Stout, Dasgupta, Hunsinger, & McManus (2011), Journal of Personality & Social Psych 9/1/09-8/31/12 National Science Foundation (BCS-0921096). PI: Dasgupta (DeSteno as co-PI) “Collaborative research: Investigating underlying mechanisms and behavioral consequences of emotion-induced implicit prejudice.” $411,104 1 20 June 2012 3/1/06-8/31/11 National Science Foundation CAREER Award (BCS 0547967).