For More Information Visit: http://www.HawkeyeCWMA.org

ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABELS. Common Proper training for prescribed fires is highly recommended. First Year Second Year Plant Old Flower Heads Basic training can be found online at Teasel http://training.nwcg.gov/courses/s130.html Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec and fullonum http://training.nwcg.gov/courses/s190.html

1 Related Websites: http://www.iowadnr.com/forestry/invasive.html 2 http://plants.usda.gov www.invasivespecies.gov www.nps.gov/plants/alien

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Credits: 4 Photographs: www.mobot.org; Chris Evans, River to River CWMA; David Cappaert, Michigan State University; Steve Dewey, Utah State University; USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database; www.bugwood.org

Brochure Created By: Sarah Chmielewski, Karen Clauson Management Techniques 1. (Spring) Digging. Make sure to get as much of the root as possible. Pulled plants must be bagged Last updated: 4/19/2011 and removed from the area. This should be followed by technique 2. The Hawkeye Cooperative Weed Management 2. (Late May) Cut the stalks just before the plant flowers. However, make sure the plant is past the full Area (HCWMA) is a collective group of county, bud stage, otherwise the plant will send up a new flowering stalk. Seeds can mature if the flower state, and federal agencies, nonprofit organiza- tions and community associations who have has opened, so be sure to bag these and remove them from the area. This should be followed by come together to combat the technique 3. problem in Eastern Iowa. The HCWMA serves Benton, Cedar, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Linn, and 3. (Late Spring) Prescribed fire. This should be done before native vegetation starts to green up. This Louisa Counties and is open to all interested parties. The Term CWMA, or Cooperative Weed should be followed by technique 4. Management Area, refers to a local organization that integrates invasive species management A S ERIOUS T HREAT 4. (Growing season) Foliar spray. Apply herbicide to leaves using a sprayer, preferably before the resources across jurisdictional boundaries in flowering stalk is sent up. In general, this technique will have a deeper root- kill if used in the fall, order to benefit entire regions. To but can be used to top kill the plant in the spring and summer. Choose ONE of the following Funding for this brochure provided by the US Forest Service through a Healthy Forest Initiative Grant. Iowa’s Prairies/Grasslands herbicides: All Hawkeye CWMA members (agencies, organizations, and a. 2% Triclopyr solution (if temp. is between 30°F and 80°F) individuals) are equal opportunity providers and employers. b. 7 ounces per acre of Aminopyralid solution ______A similar problem plant, Cutleaf What is Common Teasel? What does Common Teasel Look Flowers: A biennial . • Common Teasel has purple flowers Teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus) • Came to America as early as the 1700’s. Like? that are tightly packed into egg • Is native to Europe. Identifying traits: The stalk reaches 6 or 7 feet tall. shaped heads with flat bases. Similar Characteristics: • Popular in dried flower arrangements. The purple flowers are small and oval shaped. The Each of these flower heads are 1¼ Cutleaf teasel was probably introduced in the • Introduced for use in the creation of fabric, stems of the plant are prickly. The leaves have a and (possibly) accidently with other plant to 4 inches long. They have spiny, 1700’s from Europe. It grows in open, sunny, wrinkled appearance. The plant has a taproot that materials. stiff bracts that curve upward from disturbed areas like roadsides. It can also be seen can be over 2 feet in length and 1 inch in diameter. the bottom of the flower head. ______in high quality areas such as prairies, savanna, Flower heads are made up of seeps, and sedge meadows. It grows up to 6 feet First Year Plant: individual flowers which are ½ to ¾ tall and has small flowers which are arranged in Common Teasel starts inches long and bloom from June egg shaped flower heads. as a basal rosette, with through October.

either oval or oblong leaves. ______Differences from Common Teasel: The main difference between Cutleaf Teasel and Common Teasel is Leaves: that the leaves of The leaves have a Cutleaf Teasel are wrinkled appearance. much flatter, and have They are long and very deep lobes, arranged opposite unlike the wrinkled along the stem. leaves of Common Leaves contain short Teasel. Another thorn-liked hairs, difference is that the especially on the flower of Cutleaf Common Teasel Line Drawing lower side of the midrib. Teasel is White, instead of purple. What is the threat to Iowa? Prairie Cinquefoil (Potentilla arguta)- • Teasel takes over roadsides, ditches, waste Native Alternatives: places, riparian sites, fields and pastures. Compass Plant (Silphium lacinatum)- Prairie Cinquefoil is a • Dead stalks and flower heads can stay native prairie perennial around for one year, preventing light from This yellow flowered native that blooms from July getting to native plants. prairie plant grows between 5 to August. The petals • Its use in flower arrangements has helped and 9 feet tall, and blooms are white with a vibrant to spread it’s seeds, especially in between July and September. yellow center. The cemeteries. Compass Plant is able to flower will grow up to 3 • Humans and livestock cannot utilize the tolerate poor soils and drought feet tall, and is drought land it grows on. conditions. The flowers of the tolerant. It can grow in Compass Plant are large, • Each stalk can produce 2000 seeds that soil that has sand, clay, showy, and attract butterflies. stay viable for up to 2 years. or rocky material in it. • Leaves can shade out areas, creating empty spaces for teasel seeds to become Cutleaf Teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus) established.