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Maurice Goddard Educator Guide | Pennsylvania Conservation Heritage Project Maurice Goddard “Someone once asked…how I could work for both Democratic and Republican governors, and I said, ‘Well, a forest fire’s not a Democratic fire or a Republican fire. It’s just a fire.’” — Maurice Goddard Early Years other states. Acquiring civil service Project 500 – the Land and Water Maurice K. Goddard, born in 1912 in status for the positions could Conservation Reclamation Act – Lowell, Massachusetts to Norman O. establish secure, professional was passed by Gov. Shafer. This and Susan Kimball Goddard, spent positions. Gov. Leader signed an bond issue provided $500 million his childhood in Pretty Prairie, executive order requiring minimum for land acquisition, recreational Kansas where his father served as qualifications for state forestry facilities and environmental minister of the Swedenborgian personnel in October 1956, but it projects. Church. Maurice’s mother, homesick wasn’t until 1963, during the By 1970, Pennsylvania had 71 state for her eastern forests, planted trees Scranton administration, that the law parks open, 20 more that were under all around the house to break up the granting civil service protection development and 12 that were in final endless view of flat, open land. passed. stages of acquisition. During high school, the family Vision for Expansion of State Parks moved to Toronto, Canada, then to In 1955, there were 45 state parks in Maine, where Maurice earned a B.S. Pennsylvania. A number of trends Goddard’s in forestry from the University of helped fuel Maurice’s vision of a park Maine in 1935. He taught for several within 25 miles of every citizen – a Criteria for New years at Penn State’s Mont Alto national movement for parks near campus before pursuing a master’s cities; better roads statewide; Park Locations degree in forestry from the University increased automobile ownership; (From Pennsylvania’s New State of California at Berkeley. In 1940, he increased leisure time; and demand Parks: A Report to the General married Ethel Mae Catchpole, and for outdoor recreation. To address Assembly on Act 256) they had two sons, Kimball and Mark. this growing trend, Maurice created Maurice served in World War II on the Bureau of State Parks in 1962 to Clean bodies of water to serve as the staff of General Eisenhower. His specialize in park management, the centerpiece of a park service earned him two distinguished officially separating park and forestry Reasonably level ground awards – the Bronze Star and the operations. Historical or scenic values Legion of Merit. Following his army Funding the Vision Able to accommodate 25,000 stint, he returned in 1946 to Mont The problem from the start was how visitors a day Alto to run the forestry school, and to fund the expansion of parks. Near population, because, in the then to Penn State’s University Park Knowing that building more parks end, the report noted, “parks are for campus to direct the School of would cost money, Maurice went to people.” Forest Resources, where he work to establish dedicated sources remained until 1955. of funding: Mr. Secretary Oil and Gas Lease Fund, 1955: In January, 1955, Gov. George Leader revenue from oil and gas leases on appointed Maurice secretary of state lands dedicated for Forests and Waters, a position he conservation, recreational held for an unmatched 24 years, development and land acquisition through five governors. Project 70, 1963: a bond issue that When asked about his greatest raised $70 million for public lands accomplishments as secretary, and facilities. Matching federal Maurice said, “It was my people. I’ve dollars for Project 70 came from got the finest staff of any the federal Land and Water Kayakers at Prince Gallitzin State Park department in this country.” At the Conservation Fund, established for time he came into office, all the staff recreation development in the In This Guide employed by his department were eastern states. Revenue from Fact Sheet……………………………… 1 political appointees and not offshore oil and gas drilling from Fast Facts………………………………. 3 necessarily trained foresters. A the Gulf of Mexico provided $100 Close-Up: Goddard Era Parks…... 4 change was desperately needed to million to Pennsylvania in the Close-Up: Tocks Island……………. 5 create stability and attract 1960s for the development of state Guiding Questions…………………… 7 professionals – all 55 graduates of and local parks. Activities………………………………… 9 the 1955 class of Penn State’s School Project 500, 1968: to address Links……………………………………… 11 of Forestry took more secure jobs in additional funding demands, Maurice K. Goddard | December 2016 1 paconservationheritage.org Educator Guide | Pennsylvania Conservation Heritage Project Water, Water Everywhere turned. In May, 1978, Penn State Witnessing the heartbreaking effects In January, 1971, DER was created announced a proposal to establish of the widespread flooding from to merge the departments of Forests the Goddard Chair in the School of hurricanes Connie and Diane in 1955, and Waters, Mines and Mineral Forest Resources for a faculty Maurice dedicated himself to Industries, and other related areas. position to focus on outreach and managing water as a primary Although Maurice opposed the policy. The position was fully funded resource for Pennsylvania. He saw merger, Gov. Shapp appointed him by 1982 and first occupied by Art water as Pennsylvania’s future and acting secretary, and he was formally Davis in 1984, who went on to floods as our pre-eminent problem. appointed in 1975. Maurice’s become DER secretary in 1991. He also connected the opportunity to extraordinary public service career In his retirement, Maurice stayed maintain livability of our metropolitan through five governors and changing extremely active as a voice for areas with the same facilities that political parties came to an end in Pennsylvania’s natural resources, provided water, flood control and 1979 when Gov. Thornburg appointed serving on the boards of a number of recreation. He felt that multiple-use Cliff Jones to replace him. conservation groups. He advocated dams and flood control projects were Maurice’s Legacy for establishing a separate agency for necessary for the public good. Recognition for Maurice’s legacy parks and forestry; and in 1995, Flood control projects – during his began long before his retirement. In Governor Tom Ridge created the first four years as secretary, over 1969, Sandy Creek State Park, a park Department of Conservation and 400 flood control projects were acquired under Project 70 and Natural Resources. funded, including stream clearing developed under Project 500, was Maurice died later that same year. and flood control construction, renamed for Maurice. When Over 300 friends gathered for his such as paved stream channels, announcing the honor, Gov. Shafer memorial service where the minister flood walls and silting basins. At said, “Maurice Goddard ranks with stated, “Maurice K. Goddard’s eulogy the time, these were the best Gifford Pinchot as one of America’s has been written. It was his life.” solutions available, but Maurice greatest conservationists.” Maurice served an unprecedented later came to also see the and probably never-to-be-repeated importance of non-structural 24 years as a cabinet officer. He solutions for stormwater and realized his vision of a park within 25 floodplain management. miles of every Pennsylvanian. He 1961 State Planning Board Growth doubled the size of the state park through Recreational Areas system, adding 45 new parks and Development Plan – called for 130,000 acres of park land, gaining three large federal projects, Tocks national recognition for our park Island, Kinzua Dam and Raystown system. He established state forest natural and wild areas and Lake, as well as a ring of parks Sandy Creek State Park was renamed professionalized forestry and around the state’s 14 metropolitan as Maurice K. Goddard State Park in environmental management in state areas. Much of this development 1969, over Goddard’s objections – he government. A leader in water was funded through Project 70. disliked personal tributes. Multi-state/agency cooperation resource management, he inspired around water resources – Maurice environmental awareness nationwide. was an active member of Incodel and later the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC), multi-state commissions working to manage the Delaware River for water supply and control. He became nationally known as a leader in water resource management and was also drawn into one of Pennsylvania’s biggest environmental controversies of the 1960s-1970s, Tocks Island. Changing Environmentalism For much of Maurice’s career, building dams to create lakes for flood control, water supply and recreation was considered part of a sound conservation strategy, but the science around the importance of wetlands and free flowing rivers was starting to change. By the time the Tocks Island dam proposal was finally ready to start, the tide had Cucumber Falls, Ohiopyle State Park Maurice K. Goddard | December 2016 2 paconservationheritage.org Educator Guide | Pennsylvania Conservation Heritage Project Maurice Goddard FAST FACTS BORN in 1912 in Lowell, MA, to AGE 18 | 1931 Starts at Norman and Susan University of Maine to Kimball Goddard. study forestry and joins At age 3, the family ROTC to help pay for moves to Pretty school AGE 12 | 1924 Maurice’s Prairie, KS when family moves to Toronto his father becomes and then to Portland, ME minister of a where Maurice runs church. track and finishes high AGE 22 | 1935 Hired by Penn State school, spending as a forestry instructor at the Mont summers with his family Alto campus. Takes leave of at church camp. absence in 1937 to earn masters in forest management from UC Berkeley and returns to Penn State AGE 29 | 1942 Called to AGE 27 | 1940 marries Ethel main campus as assistant professor active duty. Serves in the Mae Catchpole who he’d met of forestry in 1938.
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