DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Download INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0468 Pyroghatsiana: A new genus of fire-colored beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Southern Ghats, India Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Date of Issue: February 12, 2016 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Daniel K. Young Pyroghatsiana: A new genus of fire-colored beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Southern Ghats, India Insecta Mundi 0468: 1-8 ZooBank Registered: LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:54B85614-0E0F-4F0D-A755-714A73F522D6 Published in 2016 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi pub- lishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Abstracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an indi- vidual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Manuscript preparation guidelines are availablr at the CSE website. Chief Editor: Paul E. Skelley, e-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor: David Plotkin Head Layout Editor: Eugenio H. Nearns Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen, Michael C. Thomas Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Manuscript Preparation Guidelines and Submission Requirements available on the Insecta Mundi web-page at: http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries: CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (On-Line ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format: Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduc- tion in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Michael C. Thomas 0468: 1-8 2016 Pyroghatsiana: A new genus of fire-colored beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Southern Ghats, India Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. [email protected] Abstract. Pyroghatsiana, a new genus of pyrochroine Pyrochroidae is described from the Southern Ghats of the Indian continental southern tip. The only known specimen is a female, Pyroghatsiana madurensis (Pic), new combi- nation, originally placed in Dendroides Latreille, and subsequently transferred to Pseudodendroides Blair. Several striking differences including the dorsal interocular width between the compound eyes, shape and length of the third antennal segment, and shape of the pronotum preclude placement of Pyroghatsiana in either Dendroides, Pseudodendroides, or any other existing pyrochroine genus. Key words. Pyroghatsiana madurensis (Pic), new genus, new combination, Southern Ghats, India. Introduction For more than a hundred years following its inception, Dendroides (Latreille 1810) was generally misapplied to nearly any pyrochroine pyrochroid whose males exhibit strongly, often delicately pectinate antennae and dorsally enlarged, nearly holoptic compound eyes. Blair (1914: 311) observed, “... the genera of the Pyrochroidae have been very generally misunderstood.” With respect to Dendroides in particular, Blair (1914: 313) noted, “Considerable misconception seems to have existed in the minds of European coleopterists as to the scope of this genus, and the numerous Old-World species assigned to it by various authors (e.g., Lewis, Pic, and myself) are really quite apart from it.” In 1912, Pic described the female of a new pyrochroid species from “Indes: Madura,” attributing it to Dendroides. While reorganizing the generic classification of Pyrochroidae, Blair (1914) described several new genera. One of these, Pseudodendroides, was proposed to receive D. niponensis Lewis, D. ocularis Lewis, D. assamensis Pic, as well as Pic’s Dendroides madurensis. The Japanese Dendroides niponensis Lewis was designated as the type species for the new genus. Aside from two additional new species added to Pseudodendroides by Pic: P. distinctipennis (1938, China: Kansou) and P. nitidicollis (1955, Sikkim), the genus received no additional attention until Young (1999) transferred the Japanese Pseudopyrochroa amamiana Nakane and Taiwanese Pseudopyrochroa umenoi Kôno to Pseudodendroides and discussed the scope of both genera. More recently, Young (2004) transferred D. assamensis to the new Dendroidopsis Young, and D. ocularis to Frontodendroidopsis Young. Through the kindness of Mrs. Azadeh Taghavian and Dr. Thierry Deuve, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, I was able to borrow the only known specimen of P. madurensis. According to Pic’s original description he had only the female before him. Upon examination of Pic’s “type” of D. madurensis, it is clear that neither its original placement in Dendroides nor subsequent transfer to Pseudodendroides is tenable. Materials and Methods Measurements. The specimen was measured for total length dorsally along the meson and humeral width transversely across an elytral base at the apex of the scutellum. Elytral length was measured along the sutural margin from the anterior mesoscutellar margin to the elytral apex and width was calculated by doubling the humeral width. Total length was determined in the following manner: head, pronotum, and elytra were measured separately and recorded. Thus, a value for body length was ob- 1 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0468, February 2016 YOUNG tained by adding the three measurements (head + pronotum + elytra). This procedure has been em- ployed when measuring specimens of Pyrochroinae due to the considerable variation observed in the distance between the posterior margin of the head and the anterior pronotal margin (i.e. cervical disten- tion and tilting of head) as well as variation in the distention of soft tissue between the prothorax and the elytral bases. Specimen data. Label data are presented verbatim. Line breaks on labels are denoted by a double slash (//); metadata (not written on the labels, themselves) are presented in brackets ([]); when data are included on more than one label, this is noted with curved brackets ({}). Scientific names are uniformly presented in italics. Figures. Images were captured as TIFF files from a JVC® KY-F75U digital camera attached to a Leica® Z16 APO dissecting microscope with apochromatic zoom objective and motor focus drive, using a Synchroscopy Automontage® System and software. Multiple images for a given “figure,” generally a “stack” of 10–30 images, were used to facilitate building the final image. Most images were illuminated with a combination of an LED ring light attached to the end of the microscope along with multiple gooseneck fiber-optics units positioned at various angles to reduce glare and shadows. The montaged images created were edited using a variety of software applications to form the final figure plates. Anatomical term. The ocular index (= OI) was originally described for application to the tax- onomy of alleculine Tenebrionidae (Campbell and Marshall 1964) wherein it, “permits making a positive statement with regard to the distance separating the [compound] eyes [dorsally], and ... facilitates treat- ing an important key character quantitatively”. The OI is calculated as follows: Minimum dorsal distance between compound eyes OI = Maximal dorsal width across compound eyes x 100 Collection acronyms. Pic’s type is housed in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (PMNH). My personal collection (DYCC) houses material of all other pyrochroine genera and species used in making comparisons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iiillllllllli'lllll | US005627051A United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 5,627,051 Duman [45] Date of Patent: May 6, 1997
    llilll|||l|l|||||ll||||||i|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.nIiillllllllli'lllll | US005627051A United States Patent [191 [11] Patent Number: 5,627,051 Duman [45] Date of Patent: May 6, 1997 [54] NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCES ENCODING LG. Duman et al.. ‘Thermal hysteresis proteins”. Advances DENDROIDES ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS in Low Temperature Biology, vol. 2. pp. 131-182, (1993). [75] Inventor: John G. Duman. South Bend. Ind. D. Tursman et al., “Cryoprotective eifects of Thermal Hys teresis Protein on Survivorship of Frozen Gut Cells from the [73] Assignee: University of Notre Dame du Lac, Freeze Tolerant Centipede Lithobius for?catus”, Journal of Notre Dame, Ind. Experimental Zoology. vol. 272, pp. 249-257 (1995). D.W. Wu et al., “Activation of antifreeze proteins from [21] Appl. No.: 485,359 larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis”, Comp. Physiol. [22] Filed: Jun. 7, 1995 B, vol. 161, pp. 279-283 (1991). [51] Int. Cl.6 ........................... .. C12P 21/02; C07H 21/04 D.W. Wu et al., “Puri?cation and characterization of anti [52] US. Cl. .. 435/69.1; 536/235; 536/2431 freeze proteins from larvae of the beetle Dendroides [58] Field of Search .............................. .. 435/3201, 69.1; canadensis”, Comp. Physiol. B, vol. 161, pp. 271-278 536/235. 24.31 (1991). [56] References Cited Primary Examiner—Dian C. Jacobson PUBLICATIONS Assistant Examiner-Kawai Lau J.G. Duman et al., “Hemolymph proteins involved in insect Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Barnes & Thomburg subzero tolerance: Ice nucleators and antifreeze proteins”, In Insects at Low Temperatures, Chapman and Hall (N .Y.), pp. [57] ABSTRACT 94-127 (1991). The present invention is directed to nucleic acid sequences D.W.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus of Fire-Colored Beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Sunda Shelf, with a Key to the Three Species Daniel K
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2014 Sundapyrochroa: A new genus of Fire-Colored Beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Sunda Shelf, with a key to the three species Daniel K. Young University of Wisconsin - Madison Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Young, Daniel K., "Sundapyrochroa: A new genus of Fire-Colored Beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Sunda Shelf, with a key to the three species" (2014). Insecta Mundi. 846. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/846 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0341 Sundapyrochroa: A new genus of Fire-Colored Beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Sunda Shelf, with a key to the three species Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology 445 Russell Laboratories University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1598 USA Date of Issue: January 31, 2014 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Daniel K. Young Sundapyrochroa: A new genus of Fire-Colored Beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Sunda Shelf, with a key to the three species Insecta Mundi 0341: 1-18 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:994D7E0D-D7DF-49A3-9A25-25EE0B3D7F22 Published in 2014 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physiology of Cold Hardiness in Terrestrial Arthropods*
    REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 96: 1-10, 1999 ISSN 1210-5759 The physiology of cold hardiness in terrestrial arthropods* L auritz S0MME University of Oslo, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Terrestrial arthropods, cold hardiness, ice nucleating agents, cryoprotectant substances, thermal hysteresis proteins, desiccation, anaerobiosis Abstract. Insects and other terrestrial arthropods are widely distributed in temperate and polar regions and overwinter in a variety of habitats. Some species are exposed to very low ambient temperatures, while others are protected by plant litter and snow. As may be expected from the enormous diversity of terrestrial arthropods, many different overwintering strategies have evolved. Time is an im­ portant factor. Temperate and polar species are able to survive extended periods at freezing temperatures, while summer adapted species and tropical species may be killed by short periods even above the freezing point. Some insects survive extracellular ice formation, while most species, as well as all spiders, mites and springtails are freeze intoler­ ant and depend on supercooling to survive. Both the degree of freeze tolerance and supercooling increase by the accumulation of low molecular weight cryoprotectant substances, e.g. glycerol. Thermal hysteresis proteins (antifreeze proteins) stabilise the supercooled state of insects and may prevent the inoculation of ice from outside through the cuticle. Recently, the amino acid sequences of these proteins have been revealed. Due to potent ice nucleating agents in the haemolymph most freeze tolerant insects freeze at relatively high temperatures, thus preventing harmful effects of intracellular freezing.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Ice-Binding (Antifreeze) Proteins and Glycolipids: an Overview with Emphasis on Physiological Function John G
    © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2015) 218, 1846-1855 doi:10.1242/jeb.116905 REVIEW Animal ice-binding (antifreeze) proteins and glycolipids: an overview with emphasis on physiological function John G. Duman* ABSTRACT Storey and Storey, 2012, 2013). However, certain adaptations have Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) assist in subzero tolerance of multiple evolved in widely divergent organisms, for example, antifreeze cold-tolerant organisms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria etc. IBPs proteins (AFPs) and other ice-binding proteins (IBPs), as well as include: (1) antifreeze proteins (AFPs) with high thermal hysteresis antifreeze glycolipids (AFGLs). antifreeze activity; (2) low thermal hysteresis IBPs; and (3) ice- AFPs were first discovered by DeVries in Antarctic marine fish nucleating proteins (INPs). Several structurally different IBPs have (DeVries and Wohlschlag, 1969; DeVries, 1971), where, as their evolved, even within related taxa. Proteins that produce thermal name implies, they function to prevent freezing. Since then, AFPs hysteresis inhibit freezing by a non-colligative mechanism, whereby have been identified in numerous other organisms, such as freeze- they adsorb onto ice crystals or ice-nucleating surfaces and prevent avoiding insects and other terrestrial arthropods. However, proteins further growth. This lowers the so-called hysteretic freezing point with similar, but considerably lesser, antifreeze (thermal hysteresis below the normal equilibrium freezing/melting point, producing a or TH) activities have been found in freeze-tolerant species, where difference between the two, termed thermal hysteresis. True AFPs they do not prevent organismal freezing, but instead function to with high thermal hysteresis are found in freeze-avoiding animals control the site and temperature of ice formation, ice crystal structure (those that must prevent freezing, as they die if frozen) especially and rate of freezing.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    US005633451A ‘ United States Patent 1191 [11] Patent Number: 5,633,451 Duman [45] Date of Patent: May 27, 1997 [54] TRANSGENIC PLANTS HAVING A NUCLEIC J. G. Duman et al., “Adaptations of insects to subzero ACID SEQUENCE ENCODING A temperatures”, Quart. Rev. Biol. 66, (4) PP. 387-410 (1991). DENDROlDES ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN J. G. Duman et al., “Hemolymph Proteins involved in the [75] Inventor: John G. Duman, South Bend, Ind. cold tolerance of terrestrial arthropods: Antifreeze and Ice Nucleator Proteins”. In Water and Life, Springer-Verlag, [73] Assignee: University of Notre Dame du Lac. Chapters 17 & 18 pp. 282-315, (1992). Notre Dame, Ind. J. G. Duman et al., ‘Thermal hysteresis proteins”, Advances in Low Temperature Biology, vol. 2, pp. 131-182, (1993). [21] Appl. No.: 569,594 D. Tursman et al., “Cryoprotective effects of Thermal Hys [22] Filed: Dec. 8, 1995 teresis Protein on Survivorship of Frozen Gut Cells from the Freeze Tolerant Centipede Lithobius for?catus”, Journal of Related US. Application Data Experimental Zoology, vol. 272, pp. 249-257 (1995). [62] Division of Ser. No. 485,359, Jun. 7, 1995. D. W. et al.. “Activation of antifreeze proteins from larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis”, Comp. Physiol. B, [51] Int. Cl.6 ............................. .. A01H 1/00; A01H 1/06; vol. 161, pp. 279-283 (1991). A01H 5/10; A01G 13/00; C12N 5/04; C12N 15/82 [52] US. Cl. ....................... .. 800/205; 800/250; 435/69.1; D. W. Wu et al., “Puri?cation and characterization of anti 435/419; 536/235 freeze proteins from larvae of the beetle Dandroides [58] Field of Search ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Range Protein–Water Dynamics in Hyperactive Insect Antifreeze Proteins
    Long-range protein–water dynamics in hyperactive insect antifreeze proteins Konrad Meistera, Simon Ebbinghausa, Yao Xub, John G. Dumanc, Arthur DeVriesd, Martin Gruebelee, David M. Leitnerb, and Martina Havenitha,1 aLehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität, 44801 Bochum, Germany; bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; dDepartment of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and eDepartments of Chemistry and Physics, and Center of Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 Edited by Michael L. Klein, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, and approved November 27, 2012 (received for review August 29, 2012) Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are specificproteinsthatareabletolower accepted molecular mechanism can explain hysteresis at fairly the freezing point of aqueous solutions relative to the melting point. high protein concentrations, but a completely local mechanism Hyperactive AFPs, identified in insects, have an especially high ability cannot fully explain how some AFPs prevent freezing at very to depress the freezing point by far exceeding the abilities of other low concentrations, when water is present in great excess. AFPs. In previous studies, we postulated that the activity of AFPs can Therefore, the role of water molecules in the hydration shell be attributed to two distinct molecular mechanisms: (i) short-range of the AFP protein has become the focus of attention (12–15). direct interaction of the protein surface with the growing ice face Evolution has produced two structurally different solutions to and (ii) long-range interaction by protein-induced water dynamics the antifreeze problem, the AFPs and AFGPs, which have similar extending up to 20 Å from the protein surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Antifreeze Proteins in the Primary Urine of Larvae of the Beetle <Em
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Biological Sciences, Department of Publications 5-1-2013 Antifreeze Proteins in the Primary Urine of Larvae of the Beetle Dendroides canadensis Philip K. Nickell University of Notre Dame Sandra Sass University of Notre Dame Dawn Verleye University of Notre Dame Edward M. Blumenthal Marquette University, [email protected] John G. Duman University of Notre Dame Published version. Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 216, No. 9 (May, 2013): 1695-1703. DOI. © 2013 Company of Biologists. Used with permission. 1695 The Journal of Experimental Biology 216, 1695-1703 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi:10.1242/jeb.082461 RESEARCH ARTICLE Antifreeze proteins in the primary urine of larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis Philip K. Nickell1, Sandra Sass1, Dawn Verleye1, Edward M. Blumenthal2 and John G. Duman1,* 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and 2Biological Sciences Department, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) SUMMARY To avoid freezing while overwintering beneath the bark of fallen trees, Dendroides canadensis (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) larvae produce a family of antifreeze proteins (DAFPs) that are transcribed in specific tissues and have specific compartmental fates. DAFPs and associated thermal hysteresis activity (THA) have been shown previously in hemolymph and midgut fluid, but the presence of DAFPs has not been explored in primary urine, a potentially important site that can contain endogenous ice- nucleating compounds that could induce freezing. A maximum mean THA of 2.65±0.33°C was observed in primary urine of winter- collected D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary, Annotated List of Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the UW-Milwaukee Field Station Daniel K
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Field Station Bulletins UWM Field Station 2013 A Preliminary, Annotated List of Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the UW-Milwaukee Field Station Daniel K. Young University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/fieldstation_bulletins Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Young, D.K. 2013. A preliminary, annotated list of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the UW-Milwaukee Field Station. Field Station Bulletin 33: 1-17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Field Station Bulletins by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Preliminary, Annotated List of Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the UW-Milwaukee Field Station Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison [email protected] Abstract: Coleoptera, the beetles, account for nearly 25% of all known animal species, and nearly 18% of all described species of life on the planet. Their species richness is equal to the number of all plant species in the world and six times the number of all vertebrate species. They are found almost everywhere, yet many minute or cryptic species go virtually un-noticed even by trained naturalists. Little wonder, then, that such a dominant group might pass through time relatively unknown to most naturalists, hobbyists, and even entomologists; even an elementary comprehension of the beetle fauna of our own region has not been attempted. A single, fragmentary and incomplete list of beetle species was published for Wisconsin in the late 1800’s; the last three words of the final entry merely say, “to be continued.” The present, preliminary, survey chronicles nothing more than a benchmark, a definitive starting point from which to build.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Lethal Temperatures in Three Cold-Tolerant Insects Are Higher in Winter Than in Summer Henry M
    © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 2726-2732 doi:10.1242/jeb.161331 RESEARCH ARTICLE Upper lethal temperatures in three cold-tolerant insects are higher in winter than in summer Henry M. Vu* and John G. Duman ABSTRACT phospholipids in the winter lowers the functional temperature Upper lethal temperatures (ULTs) of cold-adapted insect species in range of the membranes (Hazel and Williams, 1990; Hazel, 1995; š winter have not been previously examined. We anticipated that as Ko tál, et al., 2003). the lower lethal temperatures (LLTs) decreased (by 20–30°C) with the Overwintering adaptations of larvae of the non-diapausing, Dendroides canadensis onset of winter, the ULTs would also decrease accordingly. freeze-avoiding beetle Latreille 1810 have Consequently, given the recent increases in winter freeze–thaw been investigated for over 40 years, mainly in the region around cycles and warmer winters due to climate change, it became of South Bend, IN, USA. Mechanisms to lower their supercooling interest to determine whether ambient temperatures during thaws points (SCPs) and thereby depress their lower lethal temperatures were approaching ULTs during the cold seasons. However, beetle (LLTs) in winter include the production of antifreeze proteins Dendroides canadensis (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) larvae had (AFPs) and antifreeze glycolipids (AFGLs), clearance of ice- nucleating microorganisms from the gut, reduction of ice-nucleating higher 24 and 48 h ULT50 (the temperature at which 50% mortality proteins in the hemolymph, and accumulation of high occurred) in winter than in summer. The 24 and 48 h ULT50 for D. canadensis in winter were 40.9 and 38.7°C, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Antifreeze Protein Complements Cryoprotective Dehydration in the Freeze-Avoiding Springtail Megaphorura Arctica Laurie A
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Antifreeze protein complements cryoprotective dehydration in the freeze-avoiding springtail Megaphorura arctica Laurie A. Graham1, Marie E. Boddington1, Martin Holmstrup2,3 & Peter L. Davies1* The springtail, Megaphorura arctica, is freeze-avoiding and survives sub-zero temperatures by cryoprotective dehydration. At the onset of dehydration there is some supercooling of body fuids, and the danger of inoculative freezing, which would be lethal. To see if the springtails are protected by antifreeze proteins in this pre-equilibrium phase, we examined extracts from cold-acclimated M. arctica and recorded over 3 °C of freezing point depression. Proteins responsible for this antifreeze activity were isolated by ice afnity. They comprise isoforms ranging from 6.5 to 16.9 kDa, with an amino acid composition dominated by glycine (>35 mol%). Tryptic peptide sequences were used to identify the mRNA sequence coding for the smallest isoform. This antifreeze protein sequence has high similarity to one characterized in Hypogastrura harveyi, from a diferent springtail order. If these two antifreeze proteins are true homologs, we suggest their origin dates back to the Permian glaciations some 300 million years ago. Te springtail, Megaphorura arctica Tullberg 1876, is widely distributed in the northern parts of the Palaearctic region where it is common and abundant along sea shores1. Aggregations of the species are ofen found in decay- ing seaweed of the supra-littoral zone, under stones and in moss below bird colonies2,3. Measurements of the winter temperature of its habitat show that the species in the feld is able to survive temperatures of −20 °C or lower4.
    [Show full text]
  • Antifreeze Proteins Govern the Precipitation of Trehalose in a Freezing-Avoiding Insect at Low Temperature
    Antifreeze proteins govern the precipitation of trehalose in a freezing-avoiding insect at low temperature Xin Wena,b,1, Sen Wanga,2, John G. Dumanc, Josh Fnu Arifina, Vonny Juwitaa, William A. Goddard IIIb, Alejandra Riosa,b,d, Fan Liub, Soo-Kyung Kimb, Ravinder Abrolb, Arthur L. DeVriese, and Lawrence M. Henlingf aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032; bDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; dDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032; eDepartment of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and fBeckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 Edited by David L. Denlinger, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and approved April 28, 2016 (received for review January 30, 2016) The remarkable adaptive strategies of insects to extreme environ- than anhydrous trehalose in water (12); and (iii) the crystal structure ments are linked to the biochemical compounds in their body fluids. of trehalose dihydrate lacks intramolecular hydrogen bonding (13). In Trehalose, a versatile sugar molecule, can accumulate to high levels nature, crystallization or solidification of physiological solutes in body in freeze-tolerant and freeze-avoiding insects, functioning as a fluids can be lethal. As the primary sugar in insects, trehalose is mainly cryoprotectant and a supercooling agent. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), stored in the hemolymph (14), and its production, however, can be known to protect organisms from freezing by lowering the freezing inducedtohighlevelsinthewinterhemolymphinresponsetoharsh temperature and deferring the growth of ice, are present at high environmental stresses including low temperature (15, 16).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19. 11 Patent Number: 5,633,451 Duman 45 Date of Patent: May 27, 1997
    IIIIUS005633451A United States Patent (19. 11 Patent Number: 5,633,451 Duman 45 Date of Patent: May 27, 1997 54 TRANSGENIC PLANT'S HAVING ANUCLEIC J. G. Duman et al., "Adaptations of insects to subzero ACID SEQUENCE ENCODING A temperatures”, Quart. Rev. Biol. 66, (4) PP. 387-410 (1991). DENDRODESANT FREEZE PROTEN J. G. Duman et al., "Hemolymph Proteins involved in the 75) Inventor: John G. Duman, South Bend, Ind. cold tolerance of terrestrial arthropods: Antifreeze and Ice Nucleator Proteins”. In Water and Life, Springer-Verlag, 73 Assignee: University of Notre Dame du Lac, Chapters 17 & 18 pp. 282-315, (1992). Notre Dame, Ind. J. G. Duman et al., "Thermal hysteresis proteins", Advances in Low Temperature Biology, vol. 2, pp. 131-182, (1993). 21) Appl. No.: 569,594 D. Tursman et al., "Cryoprotective effects of Thermal Hys 22 Filed: Dec. 8, 1995 teresis Protein on Survivorship of Frozen Gut Cells from the Freeze Tolerant Centipede Lithobius forficatus”, Journal of Related U.S. Application Data Experimental Zoology, vol. 272, pp. 249-257 (1995). 62) Division of Ser. No. 485,359, Jun. 7, 1995. D. W. et al., "Activation of antifreeze proteins from larvae 151 Int. Cl. ................. A01B 1/00; A01 H 1/06; of the beetle Dendroides canadensis". Comp. Physiol. B, A01B 5/10; A01G 13/00; C12N 5/04; C12N 15/82 vol. 161, pp. 279-283 (1991). 52 U.S. Cl. ......................... 800/205; 800/250; 435/69.1; D. W. Wu et al., "Purification and characterization of anti 435/419; 536/23.5 freeze proteins from larvae of the beetle Dandroides (58) Field of Search ................................
    [Show full text]