Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study

Townsville City Council 27 July 2011 Document No. 60212663

Base-line Flooding Assessment

AECOM Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study

Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study Base-line Flooding Assessment

Prepared for Townsville City Council

Prepared by

AECOM Australia Pty Ltd 21 Stokes Street, PO Box 5423, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia T +61 7 4729 5500 F +61 7 4729 5599 www.aecom.com ABN 20 093 846 925

27 July 2011

60212663

AECOM in Australia and New Zealand is certified to the latest version of ISO9001 and ISO14001.

AECOM has prepared this document for the sole use of the Client and for a specific purpose, each as expressly stated in the document. No other party should rely on this document without the prior written consent of AECOM. AECOM undertakes no duty, nor accepts any responsibility, to any third party who may rely upon or use this document. This document has been prepared based on the Client’s description of its requirements and AECOM’s experience, having regard to assumptions that AECOM can reasonably be expected to make in accordance with sound professional principles. AECOM may also have relied upon information provided by the Client and other third parties to prepare this document, some of which may not have been verified. Subject to the above conditions, this document may be transmitted, reproduced or disseminated only in its entirety.

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Quality Information

Document Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study

Ref 60212663

Date 27 July 2011

Prepared by Vadivu Verakumaran / Wen Han Ooi

Reviewed by Paul Glenn

Revision History

Authorised Revision Revision Details Date Name/Position Signature

A 27-Jul-2011 Final Copy Stephen Downes Technical Director - Water

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Table of Contents Executive Summary i 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Study Area 1 1.3 Scope of Works 1 1.4 Study Approach 1 2.0 Available Data 4 2.1 Spatial Data 4 2.2 Previous Reports 4 2.2.1 Bohle River Floodplain Management Study, April 2001 4 2.2.2 Ring Road Stages 2 & 3 – Bohle River Flooding, September 2006 4 2.2.3 Liberty Rise Development Flooding Assessment, September 2008 4 2.2.4 Kern Drain Trunk Drainage Assessment, January 2008 4 2.2.5 Kalynda Chase Flood Modelling, February 2008 4 2.2.6 Bohle Plains Flood Planning Report, April 2010 4 2.2.7 Little Bohle Flood Plain Study, June 2011 4 3.0 Hydrology Assessment 5 3.1 Overview 5 3.2 XP-RAFTS 5 3.3 Base-case Hydrology 5 3.3.1 Catchment 5 3.3.2 Design Rainfall 12 3.3.3 Probable Maximum Precipitation 12 3.3.4 Rainfall Loss 13 3.3.5 Channel Routing / Link Lagging 13 3.3.6 Design Storm Flows 14 3.3.7 Comparison with Previous Models 15 3.4 Future Urbanisation Hydrology 16 3.4.1 Urbanised Case Design Storm Flows 16 4.0 Hydraulic Assessment 18 4.1 Overview 18 4.2 MIIKEFLOOD Hydraulic Model 18 4.2.1 MIKE11 18 4.2.2 MIKE21 18 4.3 Model Development 18 4.3.1 Roughness 18 4.3.2 Boundary Conditions and Inflow Source Points 22 4.3.3 Hydraulic Structures and Open channel drains 24 4.4 Sensitivity Analysis 26 4.4.1 Roughness 26 4.4.2 Tailwater Levels 26 4.5 Design Flood Assessment 31 5.0 Flooding Assessment 40 5.1 Base-case 40 5.1.1 Rural Flooding Summary 42 5.1.2 Developments Summary 42 5.1.3 Main Arterial Roads Summary 45 5.2 Future Urbanisation Scenario 48 6.0 Summary, Conclusions & Recommendations 51 7.0 References 52 Appendix A Base-case and Future Urbanised Case Hydrology Input Parameters A Appendix B Hydraulic Modelling Results B

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Executive Summary AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) was engaged by Townsville City Council (TCC) to develop refined base-case and future urbanisation hydrologic and hydraulic flood models for the Upper Bohle Plains area based on previously developed and calibrated models as part of the City Wide Flood Constraints Project. The purpose of the City Wide Flood Constraints Project is to: - identify flood constraints for new planning development projects; - develop concepts for trunk stormwater and flood mitigation infrastructure for future capital investment; and - assess escape routes and flooding along major arterials. Study Area The study area (Figure 1-1) intersects catchments of the Bohle River, Saunders Creek, Stony Creek and the Black River and is bounded by the Alice River in the west and the Bohle River in the east. Major road features passing through the study area include Hervey Range Road and the Ring Road (northern part named Shaw Road) near the southern and eastern extents, respectively and existing residential developments within the study area include Kalynda Chase, Rangewood and the north eastern portion of Rupertswood. Scope of Works The scope of works for the Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study includes: - collation and review of available data and previous models relevant to the study; - site assessment of the Rangewood and Kalynda Chase developments as well as Shaw Road to identify any additional hydraulic constraints and verify available as-built plans; - update of existing XP-RAFTS hydrologic models within the study area to determine:  base-case runoff for the 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100-year annual recurrence interval (ARI) storm events and the Probable Maximum Precipitation ( PMP) event;  runoff for the 50 and 100 year ARI storm events with future catchment urbanisation; - develop a MIKE FLOOD hydraulic model within the study area to determine:  base-case flood extents, velocity and depth of flow for the 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100-year ARI storm events and PMP event;  peak flood envelopes for the 50 and 100 year ARI events for base-case and future catchment urbanisation scenarios. Study Approach The assessment builds on a number of previous flood assessments in the vicinity of the study area. Where possible, existing hydrologic and hydraulic models have been updated and refined to provide sufficient resolution according to the Preparation of Flood Studies and Reports - Guidelines (2010) developed by TCC. Existing XP-RAFTS hydrologic models developed for the Bohle Plains Flood Planning Study (BPFPS) and Lower Bohle River Flood Study – Base-line Flooding Assessment (LBRFS) were updated to include more recent Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data. The catchment delineation was refined within the Rangewood and Kalynda Chase development to better understand flow through existing open channel drain infrastructure and flooding of properties within the developments. A dynamically coupled 1D / 2D MIKE FLOOD hydraulic model was developed to assess base-line flooding conditions within the study area for the range of storm events and for the 50 and 100-year ARI future catchment urbanisation storm events. Additional culverts along Shaw Road were incorporated into the hydraulic model based on as-built plans and open channel drains within the Kalynda Chase development from the LiDAR topography. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations Model results include the 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 year and PMP critical duration events, water surface elevations, depth of flow and velocity for base-case and future urbanisation scenarios. Maximum flood envelopes have been

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developed for the 50 and 100 year ARI events for the same range of parameters and scenarios. All results are presented in Appendix B. The base-case and urbanised case scenario results indicate that rural areas, existing and proposed development and existing and proposed arterial roads may be impacted due to the 50-year Annual Recurrence Interval (ARI) or lesser storm event including: - approximately 22 rural lots may be impacted by flooding along Saunders and Stony Creeks; - approximately 29 lots may be impacted along the Rangewood development open channel drains; - approximately 4 local roadways may be impacted along the Kalynda Chase development open channel drains (further refinement of the model with respect to local drainage and storage may provide different results); - Shaw Road may need to be closed at the intersection with a Bohle River tributary in the northeast corner of the model during a 10-year or greater ARI storm event; - Tomkins Road may need to be closed along most of its entirety during a 2-year or greater ARI storm event. - Proposed industrial areas around Tompkins Road may be inundated during a 2-year or great ARI storm event and access to facilities may be limited due to flooding on Tompkins Road In all cases, mitigations options would include: - upstream detention basins on the west side of the proposed Ring Road alignment that detain flows from Saunders Creek and tributaries of the Bohle River may relieve flooding of Shaw Road, Tomkins Road and reduce the required culvert sizes along the proposed Ring Road alignment; - raising roads and adding larger culverts; - realignment of roads to higher ground; - diversion of flows around major development areas. The primary recommendations for model and analysis refinements include: - alternative analysis for the placement of detention facilities to reduce downstream flooding impacts; - evaluation of raising or realigning roadways; - analysis of regional diversions to reduce impacts to developed areas.

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Overview AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) was engaged by Townsville City Council (TCC) to develop refined base-case and future urbanisation hydrologic and hydraulic flood models for the Upper Bohle Plains area based on previously developed and calibrated models as part of the City Wide Flood Constraints Project. The purpose of the City Wide Flood Constraints Project is to: - identify flood constraints for new planning development projects; - develop concepts for trunk stormwater and flood mitigation infrastructure for future capital investment; and - assess escape routes and flooding along major arterials.

1.2 Study Area The study area (Figure 1-1) intersects catchments of the Bohle River, Saunders Creek, Stony Creek and the Black River and is bounded by the Alice River in the west and the Bohle River in the east. Major road features passing through the study area include Hervey Range Road and the Ring Road (northern part named Shaw Road) near the southern and eastern extents, respectively and existing residential developments within the study area include Kalynda Chase, Rangewood and the north eastern portion of Rupertswood.

1.3 Scope of Works The scope of works for the Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study includes: - collation and review of available data and previous models relevant to the study; - site assessment of the Rangewood and Kalynda Chase developments as well as Shaw Road to identify any additional hydraulic constraints and verify available as-built plans; - update of existing XP-RAFTS hydrologic models within the study area to determine:  base-case runoff for the 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100-year annual recurrence interval (ARI) storm events and the Probable Maximum Precipitation ( PMP) event;  runoff for the 50 and 100 year ARI storm events with future catchment urbanisation; - develop a MIKE FLOOD hydraulic model within the study area to determine:  base-case flood extents, velocity and depth of flow for the 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100-year ARI storm events and PMP event;  peak flood envelopes for the 50 and 100 year ARI events for base-case and future catchment urbanisation scenarios.

1.4 Study Approach The assessment builds on a number of previous flood assessments in the vicinity of the study area. Where possible, existing hydrologic and hydraulic models have been updated and refined to provide sufficient resolution according to the Preparation of Flood Studies and Reports - Guidelines (2010) developed by TCC. Existing XP-RAFTS hydrologic models developed for the Bohle Plains Flood Planning Study (BPFPS) and Lower Bohle River Flood Study – Base-line Flooding Assessment (LBRFS) were updated to include more recent Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topographic data. The catchment delineation was refined within the Rangewood and Kalynda Chase development to better understand flow through existing open channel drain infrastructure and flooding of properties within the developments.

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A dynamically coupled 1D / 2D MIKE FLOOD hydraulic model was developed to assess base-line flooding conditions within the study area for the range of storm events and for the 50 and 100-year ARI future catchment urbanisation storm events. Additional culverts along Shaw Road were incorporated into the hydraulic model based on as-built plans and open channel drains within the Kalynda Chase development from the LiDAR topography.

J:\MMPL\60212663\6. Draft Docs\6.1 Reports\Clerical\Upper Bohle Plains Hydrology\final copy\report.doc Revision A - 27 July 2011 PALLARENDA C BUSHLAND BEACH A

YABULU P A

A TOWN COMMON R E CORAL SEA BEACH HOLM MOUNT LOW N D A

R D BLUEWATER BRUCE HWY

BOHLE ROWES BAY BELGIAN GARDENS NORTH BURDELL WARD T E B Y B U S R DEERAGUN R N E River U D C K C MOUNT ST JOHN O S E T H CASTLE HILL

BLACK RIVER W JENSEN R

Y GARBUTT A SOUTH TOWNSVILLE Alice INGHAM RD River

I WOOLCOCK L ST (BR INGHAM W UCE HW PERCYRD ST Y) INGHA D A Bohle M RD R Y WEST END S H R A

U V HYDE E

MOUNT LOUISA G SHAW PARK W Creek H O RAILWAY ) CURRAJONG T S ESTATE

RD T D S VINCENT R R R HERMIT PARK E E GULLIVER T

V W Saunders R

A A RI PIMLICO B OONOONBA

River H

HEATLEY H O S STUART C S W River A

S Canal Creek RD MUNDINGBURRA E B

O R VE N Alice RI B SS O Bohle (R RO AITKENVALE R T BOHLE PLAINS D T RANGEWOOD Three Mile Creek KIRWAN S

DR CRANBROOK T

T STUA IDALIA

Creek H

E ANNANDALE CLUDEN RT

RANGE DEVELOPME R N I Scrubby ERVEY TAL R SS RIVER RD DR (H D) E D N GE R RO AN G River Y R RVE RIV HE River Bohle BRUCE R S D T U River A Bohle River Alice DOUGLAS WULGURU R Creek LittleBohle T HWY CONDON D Little Bohle R MURRAY Middle ST HERVEY ALICE RIVER

RANGE ER GUMLOW OOD NT THW RD OU S HU MOUNT STUART ROSENEATH RASMUSSEN

PINNACLES

KELSO BROOKHILL

PROJECT ID 60212663 Scale: 1:75,000 UPPER BOHLE PLAINS LAST MODIFIED dxe 23-May-2011 (when printed at A3) Legend FLOOD STUDY FILE NAME 60212663G_WR_01 ¹ Location Map Cadastre - © 2010 The State of Queensland Model Extent StreetPro © 2010 Pitney Bowes Software Pty Ltd Roads, Rivers - © 2010 PSMA Australia Pty Ltd

AECOM does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information displayed in this Contours (5m Intervals) map and any person using it does so at their own risk. AECOM shall bear no responsibility 0 500 1,000 2,000 Metres or liability for any errors, faults, defects, or omissions in the information. Figure 1-1 AECOM Upper Bohle Plains Flood Study 4

2.0 Available Data

2.1 Spatial Data TCC provided the following data for the study: - topography data from in the form of contours and XYZ tiles at 1 meter (m) spacing based on 2009 LiDAR survey; - aerial photography flown between 19 and 29 June 2009 with pixel sizes of 0.125 m; - digital cadastral database containing property boundaries (TCC, 18/3/2011).

2.2 Previous Reports This study was developed based on a number of relevant previous flood studies that were completed by AECOM including. 2.2.1 Bohle River Floodplain Management Study, April 2001 The Bohle River Floodplain Management Study (BRFMS) project assessed the hydraulics and mapped the extents of the of the Bohle River floodplain from Kelso Drive to its outlet at Halifax Bay. RORB hydrologic and 1- dimensional (1D) MIKE 11 hydraulic models were developed to complete the flood extents analysis. 2.2.2 Ring Road Stages 2 & 3 – Bohle River Flooding, September 2006 The Ring Road Stages 2 & 3 – Bohle River Flooding project assessed flood levels adjacent to Ring Road, determined approximate bridges sizes and assessed flood mitigation options. The BRFMS MIKE 11 model was updated to a MIKE FLOOD model to more accurately represent the two-dimensional (2D) floodplain hydraulics from Gollogly Lane in the south to Mount Louisa in the north. Details of recently constructed developments were incorporated into the RORB hydrologic model for the analysis. 2.2.3 Liberty Rise Development Flooding Assessment, September 2008 The Liberty Rise Development Assessment project analysed flooding for the Liberty Rise development project. The MIKE FLOOD model developed for the Ring Road project (September 2006) was used as the basis for the assessment and base-case model updated to include the Liberty Rise development information. 2.2.4 Kern Drain Trunk Drainage Assessment, January 2008 The Kern Drain Trunk Drainage Assessment project established 50 year ARI hydraulic grade lines for Kern Drain based on as-built plans. The RORB model used for the BRFMS was converted to an XP-RAFTS hydrologic model, which was refined to include all new developments since the 2001 study. 2.2.5 Kalynda Chase Flood Modelling, February 2008 The Kalynda Chase Flood Modelling project assessed flooding upstream and downstream due to the development and mitigation measures to ensure “no worsening”. Large open channel drains were preliminarily designed based on the analysis. 2.2.6 Bohle Plains Flood Planning Report, April 2010 The Bohle Plains Flood Planning Report (BPFPR) consolidated all modelling studies completed in the Bohle Plains area since the BRFMS. The assessment included hydrological and hydraulic modelling of the Bohle River, Saunders Creek, Stony Creek and Black River catchments for the 50 year ARI storm event. 2.2.7 Little Bohle Flood Plain Study, June 2011 The Little Bohle River Flood Study (LBRFS) assessed base-case flooding for the Little Bohle River. Hydrologic and hydraulic models for the Black River, Saunders and Stony Creek catchments were updated using TCC LiDAR topography flown in 2009 within the project area.

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3.0 Hydrology Assessment

3.1 Overview XP-RAFTS was used to model existing and future hydrology for the portions of the Black River, Saunders Creek, Stony Creek and the Bohle River catchments flowing into the study area. Existing XP-RAFTS models were updated to include: - detailed contours from 2009 LiDAR generated topography; - land use changes; - refinement of sub-catchment boundaries to produce inflow hydrographs at key locations within the Rangewood and Kalynda Chase developments for input into the hydraulic model.

3.2 XP-RAFTS XP-RAFTS is a rainfall-runoff routing model that predicts flow versus time hydrographs at discrete locations based on Laurenson’s non-linear routing method. Catchments are represented by nodes that are inter-connected by links. Each node in the model represents the characteristics of a sub-catchment and each link represents the flow path length and slope. The factors that affect the volume and peak flow generated within a catchment include: - area; - flow path length; - slope; - land use; - rainfall intensity and temporal pattern; - soils; - initial abstraction and storage. Hydrological models are calibrated to stream gauge data with input from rain gauge data by adjusting parameters such the roughness coefficient (Manning’s ‘n’) and the initial and continuing losses until a close comparison between historical and modelled flow rates and volumes are observed. Models are typically verified with an independent data set to evaluate the calibration.

3.3 Base-case Hydrology 3.3.1 Catchment Figure 3-1 shows the location and extent of catchments within the study area. Details of Black River, Saunders Creek, Stony Creek, Bohle River 1 and Bohle River 2 sub-catchments are shown in Figures 3-2 to 3-6 and parameter details are presented in Appendix A. Note that percent impervious is considered as the portion of the area that is 100-percent impervious. Changes from previous models included: - redirecting 180 hectares (ha) from the Stony Creek catchment to Black River based on the refined 2009 LiDAR existing topography; - revising impervious fraction and roughness from more recent aerial photography (TCC, 29/06/2009); - refining catchments within the Rangewood and Kaylnda Chase developments.

J:\MMPL\60212663\6. Draft Docs\6.1 Reports\Clerical\Upper Bohle Plains Hydrology\final copy\report.doc Revision A - 27 July 2011 CLEMANT SHELLY BEACH

BR PALLARENDA UC BLUEWATER C

E A BEACH HOLM BLUEWATER PARK HW YABULU P BUSHLAND BEACH E Y CORAL SEA

P TOWN COMMON A L

MOUNT LOW E N D A

R D BOHLE ROWES B BAY E R BURDELL T U Y C S R BLUE HILLS DEERAGUN E E BU K H MOUNT ST JOHN ND O C S W T Y ING GARBUTT CASTLE HAM RD HILLTOWNSVILLE BLACK RIVER JENSEN INGHA CITY M RD SHAW WEST END LYNAM RAILWAY MOUNT LOUISA HYDE PARK CURRAJONG ESTATE D T HERMIT R VINCENT S PARK

BOWEN RD W HEATLEY H A

G PIMLICO OONOONBA H RD U S VER RI H RANGEWOOD BOHLE PLAINS KIRWAN S MUNDINGBURRA S O AITKENVALE THURINGOWA R IDALIA CENTRAL ANNANDALE (HERVEY RANGE DEVELOPME ANGE RD NTAL RD) CRANBROOK RVEY R HE CLUDEN D THE RING RD R E G DOUGLAS N WULGURU A CONDON R Y E V MURRAY R E H ALICE RIVER

GUMLOW ROSENEATH RASMUSSEN HERVEY RANGE

MOUNT STUART

KELSO

PINNACLES OAK VALLEY

GRANITE VALE

ROSS RIVER

PROJECT ID 60212663 Scale: 1:120,000 Legend UPPER BOHLE PLAINS LAST MODIFIED dxe 23-May-2011 (when printed at A3) FLOOD STUDY FILE NAME 60212663G_WR_01 ¹ Model Extent Bohle River 2 Catchment Kirwan Catchment Stony Creek Catchment Extent of Model Catchments Cadastre - © 2010 The State of Queensland StreetPro © 2010 Pitney Bowes Software Pty Ltd Black River Catchment Middle Bohle Catchment Louisa Creek Saunders Creek Catchment Roads, Rivers - © 2010 PSMA Australia Pty Ltd

AECOM does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information displayed in this Little Bohle Catchment Middle Bohle Catchment Condon Catchment Bohle River 1 Catchment map and any person using it does so at their own risk. AECOM shall bear no responsibility 0 5001,000 2,000 Metres or liability for any errors, faults, defects, or omissions in the information. Figure 3-1 BRUCE H AC3-b MLP1

B7-a River WY DEERAGUN BURDELL AC3-a BRUCE MOUNT ST JOHN

B7-b HW Y BOHLE Alice INGHAM RD

River

40 30 WOOLCO 20 CK ST 20 10 (BRUCE HW 20 20 Y) JENSEN 10

AC2 0 50 20 Bohle 20 10 40 20 20 B6-b 20 10 50 B6-a A5 10 30

20 40 30 20 20

20 10

20 50 20 Creek 10 10 20 30 20 10 30 10 20 10 MOUNT LOUISA 10

20 B5 20 20 10 BLACK RIVER 20 D 30 R

10 30 30 W 10

A Saunders SHAW

H S LC3 River 20 30

10 10 20 10 30 30 30 River Canal Creek A4 Alice 30 20 30 20

CC3 30 Bohle

BOHLE PLAINS 10

RANGEWOOD 30 20 20 KIRWAN Three Mile Creek

10 A3-9 R R2 30 THURINGOWA Creek 20 G CENTRAL

N 30 I

SC3 R E 40 A3-8 30 H D 20 R

A3-7 T 20 R Scrubby 20 VE 40 20 RI HERVEY RANGE R2-b-a 10 SS A3-4 30 20 RO 30 CC2 A3-3 River A3-6 R2-g 40 SC3-1 A3-5 River Bohle R2-d-c 40 20 10 40 30 20 10 R2-h-i 30 DOUGLAS

River 20 AliceA3-1 R2-f-e ALICE RIVER Bohle 20 River

20 SC-2 A3-2 Creek Bohle CONDON Little 10 40 30 GUMLOW 20 A2-8 30 Bohle A2-7 A2-9 Little MOUNT STUART A2-3 A2-4 A2-5 A2-6 Middle

PROJECT ID 60212663 Scale: 1:40,000 UPPER BOHLE PLAINS LAST MODIFIED dxe 23-May-2011 (when printed at A3) Legend FLOOD STUDY FILE NAME 60212663G_WR_03 ¹ Black River Catchment Cadastre - © 2010 The State of Queensland Model Extent Index Contours (10m) StreetPro © 2010 Pitney Bowes Software Pty Ltd Roads, Rivers - © 2010 PSMA Australia Pty Ltd

AECOM does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information displayed in this Black River Catchment Contours (2m) map and any person using it does so at their own risk. AECOM shall bear no responsibility 0 500 1,000 2,000 Metres or liability for any errors, faults, defects, or omissions in the information. Figure 3-2