Social Imapct Assessment Study

SOCIAL IMAPCT ASSESSMENT STUDY

FINAL REPORT Entrusted by District Administration, Kollam LAND ACQUISITION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY OVER BRIDGE, MAYYANAD IN KOLLAM TALUK, KOLLAM DISTRICT

REQUIRING BODY SIA UNIT 15-12-2020

RajagirioutREACH nd Rajagiri College of Social 2 Floor, Preethi Building Sciences (Autonomous) Rajagiri P.O., Kalamassery MV Road, Palarivattom Kochi- 683104, Kerala Kochi- 682025, Kerala 0484 2911330- 0484-2338205 332/2550785 [email protected] [email protected] www.rbdck.com www.rajagirioutreach.in

CONTENTS

List of Tables and Figures

List of Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

1.1 Project and public purpose 1.2 Location 1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition 1.4 Alternatives considered 1.5 Social impacts 1.6 Mitigation measures

Chapter 2 Detailed Project Description

2.1 Background of the project, including developer’s background and governance/ management structure 2.2 Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the act 2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks 2.4 Examination of alternatives 2.5 Phases of the project construction 2.6 Core design features and size and type of facilities 2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities 2.8 Work force requirements (temporary and permanent) 2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports 2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

Chapter 3 Team Composition Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the Social Impact Assessment

3.1 List of all team members with qualification 3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect information for the social impact assessment 3.3 Sampling methodology used 3.4 Overview of information/ data sources used

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3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public hearings conducted

Chapter 4 Land Assessment

4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources 4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition) 4.3 Total land requirement for the project 4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area 4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project 4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project 4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns 4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses 4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years

Chapter 5 Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families and Assets

5.1 Estimation of families 5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired) 5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights 5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood 5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition 5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for proceeding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land 5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition 5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands)

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5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.

Chapter 6 Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and Resettlement Site)

6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area 6.2 Income and poverty levels 6.3 Vulnerable groups 6.4 Land use and livelihood 6.5 Local economic activities 6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods 6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization 6.8 Administrative organization 6.9 Political organization 6.10 Community based and civil society organizations 6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes 6.12 Quality of the living environment

Chapter 7 Social Impact Management

7.1 Approach to mitigation 7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact 7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act 7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal 7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA 7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy 7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

Chapter 8 Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures 8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations

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8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any 8.4 Timelines for each activity

Chapter 9 Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation Plan

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs 9.2 Annual budget and plan of action 9.3 Funding sources with break up

Chapter 10 Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators 10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles 10.3 Plan for independent evaluation

Chapter 11 Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition

11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs 11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

References

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List of Tables

Table No, Contents

1.5.1 Social Impact of Project in general 2.3.1 Salient Features of the Alignment 2.3.2 Abstract of Estimate 2.3.3 Project Risk and Mitigation Measures 3.1 Team Members 3.5 Schedule of Consultation Meetings 4.7 Statistics of Crops/Trees Affected 5.1.1 List of Affected Persons 6.1 Marital Status of Adults 7.4 Risk and Mitigation Measures 7.6 Social impact management plan 9.1 Land Acquisition and RR Cost

List of Exhibits and Figures

Figure No, Contents

Figure 1.1 Project location Figure 2.1 Organization Structure of RBDCK Ltd. Figure 4.1 Project Location Map Figure 4.2 Project Location Photograph Figure4.7.1 Classification of Land Figure4.7.2 Uses of Land Figure4.8.2 Year of Ownership Figure4.8.3 Forms of Ownership Figure6.1.1 Religion Figure6.1.2 Gender Figure6.1.3 Age of Affected Persons Figure6.1.4 Education Figure6.2.1 Income Level Figure6.2.2 Ration Card

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List of Abbreviations

APL Above Poverty Line BA Bachelor of Arts BPL Below Poverty Line DPR Detailed Project Report DSR Delhi Schedule of Rates DSS Diploma in Social Services FGD Focus Group Discussion FIDIC Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils GAD General Arrangement Drawing GDP Gross Domestic Product GO Government Order GoK Government of Kerala INR Indian Rupee IRC Indian Roads Congress KM Kilo Meters LA Land Acquisition LC Level Cross M2 Square Meter MA Master of Arts MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MSW Master of Social Work OBC Other Backward Communities PhD Doctor of Philosophy PM & IR Personnel Management & Industrial Relations PRICE Project Information and Cost Estimation PWD Public Works Department RBDCK Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. RCC Reinforced Concrete Piles RD Revenue Department The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land RFCTLAR&R Act Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 Rs Rupees SC Scheduled Caste SIA Social Impact Assessment UG Under-Graduation UP Upper Primary WBS Work Breakdown Structures

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Chapter 1

Executive Summary

1.1 Project and public purpose

Kollam district is located in the southwest cost of India. It is a trade centre of Southern Kerala. The district is connected to other parts of Kerala and India through the National Highways – NH 66, NH 183 and NH 744.Mayyanad is a village in Kollam district. It is located in the south western suburbs of Kollam district, Mayyanad lies about 10 kilometres south of the city centre and 6 kilometres north of Paravur Town. Mayyanad is situated on the banks of the Paravur Lake and has an Arabian sea coastline noted for its fishing. Several temples, churches and mosques are situated in Mayyanad including the Umayanalloor Sri Balasubramanya Swami Temple and Our lady of Immaculate

Conception church. It is the birthplace of several prominent social reformers, such as C. Kesavan and C. V. Kunhiraman. The Malayalam daily newspaper

Kerala Kaumudi was founded in Mayyanad in 1911. Mayyanad railway station is one among the major railway stations in Kollam district. Mayyanad beach have a speciality that, there is a place where the lake and Sea merges. The major connectivity to Mayyanad is through public transports viz. Busses and train.The Level Cross (LC) located near to Mayyanad Railway station in Kottiyam‐Mayyanad road adds its importance. The approach roads to LC in Kottiyam‐Mayyanad road are narrow roads with sharp curves having a width of 7m approx. It will be practically difficult to widen and straighten the approach roads passing through densely built‐up and densely populated area as it may give rise to high social impact. Hence the construction of a two lane ROB which having a width of 10.20m will not be feasible at the existing LC. Thus the proposal of ROB is made slightly away from the existing LC at about 100 m

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 8 west; starting near to post office road junction in Kottiyam-Mayyanad road which terminates near to Mayyanad KSEB office in Kottiyam‐Mayyanadroad after tracing the existing Mayyanad Government school road.

1.2 Location

Mayyanad is a village in Mukhathala block in Kollam district. The Railway gate at Mayyanad with Level Cross (LC) No. 551 lies in Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram trunk line between Eravipuram and Mayyanad railway stations. This LC is situated in Kottiyam‐Mayyanad road in Kollam taluk of Kollam district. This is a major road in the district which connects Kootikkada with two major towns Kottiyam and Mayyanad. The project is being planned in Kollam district in Kollam Taluk of Mayyanad village of ward numbers 15 & 19 covering survey numbers 376,383,171,382,381,77,181,180.

Fig. 1.2 Project location

1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition

The project is mapped to acquire 83.60 Ares of land in Mayyanad village and most plots are being used as residential land. The identified land comprises of

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 9 private as well as public land and includes Dry land, Well, PWD Road, 3 Harijan families and a government higher secondary school.

1.4 Alternatives considered Alternative 1

In alignment option 1, the ROB starts near the Junction between post office Road and Kootikkada Mayyanad road, traces the existing Mayyanad Mukkom Road in front ofGovernment Higher Secondary School Mayyanad, deviates towards east, crosses the LC at about 100m north of existing railway gate and rejoins the Kottiyam Mayyanad Road and ends near to Mayyanad co‐operative bank. The ROB extends to an approximate length of358 m. In this option the existing LC can function during the construction period. The length of the railway span is 25.00 m and the length of approach on Kootikkada side is 220.0m and NH side is 138.0 m. The proposed width of the ROB and approach road is10.20 m and the service road is 5.0 m including drain. The vertical profile of option 1follows a gradient of 1 in 20 on both Koottikada and NH 66 side. The land to be acquired for the proposed ROB is approximately 160 cents with a total land acquisition cost of Rs.890.20 Lakhs. The total project cost for Option 1 is Rs 36.08 Cr.

Alternative 2

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 10 total length of alignment is 427.5 including railway portions. The number buildings affected along the alignment are 20. The land to be acquired for the proposed ROB is approximately 160 cents with a total land acquisition cost of Rs. 998.8 Lakhs. The total project cost of the ROB for this option is Rs 42.28 Cr. Alternative 3

In alignment option 3, the alignment of ROB is almost same as that of option 2, but the G+3 is avoided from acquisition. Also the health centre and Mayyanad Cooperative bank is saved. The total length of alignment is 427.5 including railway portions. The number buildings affected along the alignment are 20. The land to be acquired for the proposed ROB is approximately 165 cents with a total land acquisition cost of Rs. 958.8 Lakhs. The total project cost of the ROB for this option is Rs 39.97 Cr. After the Preliminary study details and analysis of the options, alignment option 1 was finalised for the DPR preparation which was found to be more feasible. The proposed alignment runs away from the existing road thereby affecting least number of structures compared to the present location of LC which is heavily built.

1.5 Social impacts

As per the present alignment for the acquisition of land for Mayyanad Flyover, Twenty Six (26) land owners will lose land and out of which, Five (5) residential buildings, One school building, P.W.D road and Seventeen (17) commercial units will be affected. The other adverse effects include loss of water-bodies, farm land & crops and livelihood opportunities for the business establishment and its employees. A brief summary of major adverse impacts are as follows

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 11

Loss of Residential building and land : 26 families including 3 Harijan families. Loss of Land : 26 families Loss of Livelihood Opportunities : 9 Families Threat to Social Institution : A portion of Compound Wall and the Building of Vellamanal Government Higher Secondary School.

Despite the negative impacts, the proposed project is expected to be beneficial for the people in the region as it ensures safer and faster transportation and better access with other regions in the district.

Table 1.5.1. Social Impacts of the Project in General

Sl.No. Impact Description 1 Displacement of families 5 families will be displaced ( including 3 Harijan families) 2 Loss of land 26 families 3 Impact on infrastructure Electric post, telephone post, pipe facilities line connection and well. 3 Loss of livelihood 9 families and labours working in the affected shops will lose their livelihood 4 Loss of Income Shop Owners and labours working in the affected shops will lose their income. 5 Impact on Structures 17 shops (partially), Front portion of a house. 5 Impact on Government A portion of Vellamanal Govt. Institutions H.S.S.

6 Loss of trees/Crops 86 trees (approximately)

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 12

Note: The above data is arrived as per the information provided by the respondents during the Survey. Supporting documents need to be verified during Land acquisition.

1.6 Mitigation measures

 Compensation as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 and Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015.  Resettlement procedures as per the Policies vide G.O.(Ms)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and G.O.(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for acquisition of land in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013.  For avoiding residential problems of the families timely rehabilitation shall be taken for the affected houses.  Rehabilitation measures will be taken before the evacuation of the shops to not cause more impact on the livelihood of families.  The resettlement of the basic facilities like toilet, septic tank, well etc. will be ensured without causing inconvenience to the families.  Ensure that the functioning of the shops which are not included or partially included in acquisition is not hindering during the project construction period. Otherwise consider for compensation for the affected livelihood during the construction period.  Timely measures should be taken to rebuild the affected portion of Vellamanal Govt. Higher Secondary School.

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 Take possible measures to recreate income source for the directly and indirectly affected persons or provide legal compensation  Distribute saplings and take initiatives to plant trees to safeguard the environment.  Safety of the people while constructing the flyover and healthy disposal of wastages which may arise out of construction should be ensured.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 14

Chapter 2

Detailed Project Description

2.1 Background of the Project, including developer’s background and

governance/ management structure Roads in India are considered as the most crucial mode of transportation; being cost effective and preferred for freight and passenger transport. India has the second largest road network in the world connecting every nook and corner of the country with its 5.23 Million Kilo Meter roads comprising of National/State Highways, Districts and Village Roads (National High Way Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17). It is estimated that road transportation contributes nearly 4.7 % towards India’s GDP; whereas the railways contribute only 1 %. Besides its significance to the economy, roads enable social integration by connecting different regions, institutions and people across the country.

As per the Kerala PWD-Road Bridge Maintenance Policy Order (22/10/2016), the State has a network of roads over 1.5 Lakh KMs and except the National Highways (1542 KM), all other major roads are being constructed, maintained and managed by Kerala Public Works Department with the funding from Government of Kerala.

Kerala Public Works Department (Kerala PWD) is one of the important departments in the Government of Kerala and operates under Ministry of PWD. Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. (RBDCK) is a company under the Public Works Department of Government of Kerala and is established under the Companies Act 1956 on 23rd September 1999. RBDCK mainly deals with the properties and assets comprising movables and

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 15 immovable including land, road projects, railway over bridge projects, toll collection rights and works under construction. The RBDCK is envisioned to create well developed network of roads, flyovers, bridges, other transport infrastructure facilities for improved productivity and economic efficiency of transport that will act as catalyst to the overall development in the State of Kerala. The organisation is headed by a Managing Director and supported by various level managers, officers and support staff.

Figure 2.1

Organisation Structure of RBDCK

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 16

Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the North‐east and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. Mayyanad is a small town in Mukhathala taluk in Kollam district. It covers 2,491square kilometers (962 sq mi), with an average elevation of 3m. The proposed ROB is at Mayyanad (LC No. 551 at Km 163/9‐164/0) between Eravipuram and Mayyanad railway stations. Vide Government Order GO (Rt) No.942/2017/PWD dated 10.07.2017, Government of Kerala has accorded the administrative sanction for the construction of new flyover. KITCO, a leading infrastructure consulting and design firm undertook a detailed project and feasibility study for the construction of flyover at Mayyanad and submitted the report in June 2018.

2.2 Rationale of the project including how the project fits the public purpose criteria listed in the Act As per the traffic survey conducted in 2017 by KITCO, 66 trains and around 8801road vehicles pass through Mayyanad LC on a daily basis. It is observed that Mayyanad railway gate is situated in Kottiyam‐Mayyanad road in Kollam district. This is a major road in the district which connects major towns Koottikkada, Kottiyam and Mayyanad. A number of Schools, Banks, Hospitals like Government HSS, Mayyanad HSS,DJM Hospital, Dr. Sheyas Hospital, Park, Market, etc. and number of Masjids and Temples are also located in the near vicinity of Mayyanad LC location are the major source of traffic at the project location.

The total length of the ROB including Railway Portion will be 386.26 m and the railway span is 27.40 m would fit in the rationale for public purpose as the project likely to reduce travelling time, traffic, pollution and energy

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 17 consumption and ensures a safer transportation through the region. Further, as per Section 2 b (i) of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (RFCTLAR&R Act), the project fits in for public purpose.

2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and risks

Table 2.3.1- Salient features of alignment

Sl No. Unit Area Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs) Amount (Rs in lakhs)

Land cost

Mayyanad Cent 160 4,86,000.00 7,77,60,000.00 777.6 subtotal land 777.6 Structures

Pucca m2 591.25 11,600.00 68,58,500.00 68.585 Kuchha m3 217.07 10,000.00 21,70,700.00 21.707 subtotal 90.292 structures sub total for 8,67,89,200.00 867.892 land & structure R & R 15,30,000.00 15.3 sub total 8,83,19,200.00 883.192 contingency 44,15,960.00 44.16 5% total 9,27,35,160.00 927.35

Table 2.3.2‐ Abstract of Estimate

Sl. No. Description Amount (Rs.)

1 Cost of construction 18,54,75,422.02 2 Utility Shifting 15,00,000.00 3 Maintenance during defect liability period 10,00,000.00

4 Tender Charges 5,00,000.00

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 18

5 Land Acquisition 9,27,35,160.00 6 Cost of alignment demarcation, Laying of 11,00,000.00 boundary stone, preparation of structural valuation report and survey report, auctioning and overhead charges 7 Preliminary expenses and taxes 2,32,57,050.64

Total 30,55,67,632.66 Say 30.56 Cr

It is expected that the land for the project will be acquired using KIIFB/Government fund by appropriate land acquisition procedures. This level cross is established under “Deposit Scheme” terms. Hence railway will not share the construction cost. Total cost of construction including railway portion and the entire amount for the acquisition of landshould be availed by government because State has to mobilize the entire amount required for the land acquisition and for the construction of the approach portions (From DPR June 2018).

The major risks identified with the project are adverse weather condition, unforeseen shortages of labour or materials, strikes, disputes and damage to person and property due to fire, flood, earth quake, etc. The chances of occurrence of various unexpected and adverse effects were analysed considering the ground condition and subsequently the mitigation measures were proposed.

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Table 2.3.3Project Risk and Mitigation Measures

Sl. Risk Mitigation measures proposed No School building& property of 3 Harijan 1 Land acquisition families shall be acquired for smooth progress of the work and complete project on time. Adverse weather Proper planning and works below ground 2 condition level to be completed before monsoon. Proper work scheduling Shortage of 3 labour and Shall be handled by the Contractor by materials making the same available

This shall be accounted by additional 4 Strikes working hours/ augmentation of resources thereafter Increased communication and reviews to avoid occurrences of disputes. 5 Disputes Any disputes to be settled without delay by properly assessing the situation and arriving at a win-win situation Damage to person Proper safety measures shall be ensured 6 and property due to during construction. safety issues or force Insurance coverage majeure Project Management Institutionalizing an activity based project risks schedule

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This includes change Regular reviews and assessment of progress in priorities, Shall be avoided by appointing well 7 overload, experienced and reputed organizations as communication issues, implementation agencies. lack of coordination, Proper monitoring Inexperienced work Constant reviews force, etc. Organizational risk : This includes Each unit in the Project Management 8 inexperienced staff, Organization is planned considering insufficient time minimizing the organizational risk toplan, loosing critical staff at critical time, Inconsistent cost,time, scope and quality objectives Objectionfromt Settled by setting a time limit without 9 helocal affecting the work progress community Contractual The chance of occurrence of the same is very 10 relations: less as the frame works are completed and Issues arise due finalized in the initial stage itself. However, to permit and in case of occurrence immediate measures license, new shall be adopted stake holders, priority changes,

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funding changes Proper ID cards

Security issues Surveillance measures 11 due to laborers Entry restrictions Minimum activities during peak time

2.4 Examination of alternatives

The three alternatives examined are detailed as follows.

Alternative 1

In alignment option 1, the ROB starts near the Junction between post office Road and Kootikkada Mayyanad road, traces the existing Mayyanad Mukkom Road in front of Government Higher Secondary School Mayyanad, deviates towards east, crosses the LC at about 100m north of existing railway gate and rejoins the Kottiyam Mayyanad Road and ends near to Mayyanad co‐operative bank. The ROB extends to an approximate length of358 m. In this option the existing LC can function during the construction period. The length of the railway span is 25.00 m and the length of approach on Kootikkada side is 220.0 m and NH side is 138.0 m. The proposed width of the ROB and approach road is10.20 m and the service road is 5.0 m including drain. The vertical profile of option 1follows a gradient of 1 in 20 on both Kootikkada and NH 66 side. The land to be acquired for the proposed ROB is approximately 160 cents with a total land acquisition cost of Rs.890.20 Lakhs. The total project cost for Option 1 is Rs 36.08 Cr.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 22

Alternative 2

In alignment option 2 the ROB starts near to Chettiyar Mukku in Kootikkada‐Mayyanad road deviates from the existing road and later crosses the railway track at around 75.0mnorth of the existing LC and traces the Kootikkada‐Mayyanad road, passing the Mayyanad Regional Cooperative Bank. The G+3 building under construction near the junction of Kootikkada Mayyanad road and Mayyanad Mukkom road is affected in this option. The total length of alignment is 427.5 including railway portions. The number buildings affected along the alignment are 20. The land to be acquired for the proposed ROB is approximately 160 cents with a total land acquisition cost of Rs. 998.8 Lakhs. The total project cost of the ROB for this option is Rs 42.28 Cr. Alternative 3

In alignment option 3, the alignment of ROB is almost same as that of option 2, but the G+3 is avoided from acquisition. Also the health centre and Mayyanad Cooperative bank is saved. The total length of alignment is 427.5 including railway portion. The number buildings affected along the alignment are 20. The land to be acquired for the proposed ROB is approximately 165 cents with a total land acquisition cost of Rs. 958.8 Lakhs. The total project cost of the ROB for this option is Rs 39.97 Cr. After the Preliminary study details and analysis of the options, alignment option 1 was finalised for the DPR preparation which was found to be more feasible. The proposed alignment runs away from the existing road thereby affecting least number of structures compared to the present location of LC which is heavily built.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 23

2.5 Phases of the project construction

The requiring body has adopted Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and a detailed Work Program Schedule is enclosed with Annexure IV in DPR. WBS in project management and systems engineering, is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components. WBS is a hierarchical and incremental decomposition of the project into phases, deliverables and work packages. It shows a subdivision of effort required to achieve an objective; for example a program, project and contract.

2.6 Core design features & size and type of facilities The Design Standards given in IRC codes, guidelines and special publications and MoRTH circulars as applicable to National Highways are followed for this project. For aspects not covered by IRC and BIS, international standard practices are followed. General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) and Alignment Plan showing the salient features of the road over bridge and structures proposed to be constructed / reconstructed along the road sections are covered in the DPR. These salient features such as alignment, overall length, span arrangement, cross section, deck level, founding level, type of road over bridge components (superstructure, substructure, foundations, bearings, expansion joint, return walls etc.) are finalised based upon the hydraulic and geotechnical studies, cost effectiveness and ease of construction. The GAD is supplemented by Preliminary designs. With respect to span arrangement and type of road over bridge, a few alternatives with cost-benefit implications are checked and the best alternative was selected. Sub Structure design is performed as per the standard loadings with IRC 112 – 2011. A possible aesthetic design is expected to be followed. The following are some of the main features of the project.

The Details of ROB is as follows.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 24

 The total length of the ROB including Railway Portion will be 386.26 m. The railway span is 27.40 m.  Koottikkada side – 220.08, having 100.08 m on embankments with retaining walls,120 m on RCC trestles.  The NH side – 138.78m, 78.78 m on embankments with retaining walls and balance 60 m portion on RCC trestles  Footpath is considered on one side and RCC crash barrier on either sides of the carriage way.  Total width of the 2‐lane approach is 10.20 m, with carriageway of width 7.5m.  Bored cast in‐situ piles of diameter 1.00m are provided for foundation. Piles are to be taken to a depth of 52 m below the existing ground level. M 35 grade concrete is provided.  Pile cap for covering all the 3 piles are provided at pier points. M35 grade concrete and Fe 500 steel are used.  Pre stressed cement concrete T girders are used. Concrete grade is M40. The design used for similar structures is adopted here. High tensile strength steel issued for pre-stressing.  M30 grade RCC is used for Deck slab.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM The requirement of roadside drainage system and the integration of the same with proposed cross‐drainage system shall be worked out for the entire length of the project section. Considering scope for future expansion, permanent drains are to be done at allocations. The designed drainage system should show locations of turnouts/outfall points with details of outfall structures fitting into natural contours.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 25

TRAFFIC SAFETY DESIGNS, ROAD FURNITURE AND ROAD MARKINGS Suitable traffic safety features and road furniture including traffic signals, signs, Markings, overhead sign boards, crash barriers, delineators etc. are designed.

The locations of these features are given in the reports and also shown in the drawings.

2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities

The proposed Mayyanad flyover project at LC No. 551 at Km 163/9‐164/0 in Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram trunk line between Eravipuram and Mayyanad railway stations is significant for the development of the region considering the train and road traffic. The project covers Flyover Bridge with two lane carriageway with footpath on one side. Construction of approach roads, Railway span, drainages, traffic safety infrastructure and movement of existing utilities have also incorporated in the Detailed Project Report (DPR). The future needs such as Bus Station and roads etc. may be included while implementing the project as per the scheme and provisions. 2.8 Workforce requirements (temporary and permanent)

Project Management Organisation (RBDCK) shall manage the project with a 3 member technical team which involves in taking up the important decisions for the project. The external project management consultant appointed by RBDCK Ltd. will be responsible for quality control, safety at site and also involves in monitoring the day to day activities at site. The Engineer in charge of the project is bound to hold the responsibilities and authority as mentioned in Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils (FIDIC) book 1987, 4th edition.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 26

The contractor will be appointed through competitive bidding and has to execute the work as per the conditions mentioned in the contract agreement. The work schedule for the project is prepared by the contractor which will be reviewed by the Project management organisation (RBDCK Ltd.) and external consultancy on a regular basis to ensure timely completion of the project.

2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already conducted and any technical feasibility reports

As per the Detailed Project Report (June 2018), the proposed Flyover doesn’t fall under protected areas such as Forest/Wild Life Sanctuary/NP Areas/Biodiversity Areas/Ecologically Sensitive Areas and hence the prior clearances are not applicable under Forest Conservation Act,1980 nor Wildlife Protection Act,1972.

The DPR published in June 2018 included Technical Feasibility Studies, Cost Benefit Analysis, Risk Assessment and other major investigations such as Topographical /Traffic surveys and Hydraulic/ Geotechnical studies. However as per the available information, no studies to assess social impact of the project are conducted in the past.

2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

The applicable laws on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement for the proposed land acquisition for constructing Mayyanad ROB are: . The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. . Kerala The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015 . Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition vide G.O (Ms) NO.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 27

. Government of Kerala, Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for Land Acquisition in the State in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013 vide GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017. . Right to Information Act, 2005

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 28

Chapter 3

Team Composition, Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the Social Impact Assessment

3.1 Team Members

As per the Gazette Notification No.1484 Vol.9 published on 18/06/2020 and Gazette Notification No.1666 dated 06/07/2020 and notification no. LA 11- 112579/18 dated 16/03/2020 issued by district collector Kollam, the SIA Unit of Rajagiri Outreach, Ernakulam was appointed to conduct Social Impact Assessment Study and to prepare a Social Impact Management Plan as per section 4 (1) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLAR&R) Act, 2013. Further, a team was constituted with experts who have engaged in similar projects and deployed them into the project with a set of definite roles and responsibilities.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 29

Table 3.1- Team members

Sl. No Name Qualification and Experience Designation 1. Dr. Binoy Joseph Ph.D, MA(HRM), 26 years in teaching, LLB, research and training Consultant 2. Dr.(Fr.)Saju.M.D. M.Phil,Ph.D 13 years in teaching, Consultant research and training 3. Fr.Shinto Joseph MSW 5 years in teaching, Consultant research and training 4. Meena Kuruvilla MSW 33 years in development Chairperson sector

5. Maria Tency. V.S M.A.,D.S.S. 29 years in development Research Associate sector

6. Biju C P B.A. 24 years in development Development sector Officer-SIA 7. Mr. Tony Babu MSW 2 years in Development Research Associate sector

Mr. Albin Noble MSW. 1year in development 8. Research Associate sector

3.2 Methodology and Rationale

As per the Gazette Notification No.1484 Vol.9 published on 18/06/2020and Gazette Notification No.1666 dated 06/07/2020 and notification no. LA 11- 112579/18 dated 16/03/2020 issued by district collector Kollam, public and private lands are reported to be acquired in Mayyanad Village in order to construct Mayyanad railway over bridge. However, our researchers have identified 26 directly affected Persons who own and hold the land in the Survey

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 30

Nos.- 376, 383, 171, 382, 381, 77, 181, and 180 through which the alignment has been marked (Survey Marker) for the project. Further 17 business units and employees working in the units were also included in this study. To infer crucial information required to assess the impact and to prepare Mitigation and SIA Management Plan, our field investigators have visited households and commercial offices in the region and collected information through a structured questionnaire. Further, to collect the information and assess the impact of one of the affected parties who was not available in the location during survey, a telephonic interview was held. Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interviews of Affected Persons, Administrators, Civil Officers and other important stakeholders were also held by the expert qualitative researchers of the SIA Unit to gather common, specific and perceived impact of the project. The published reports and designs from RBDCK Ltd., Ernakulam were also referred in this study.

3.3 Sampling

As the size of the land to be transferred for the project by the affected person and extent of impact due to latter is unique for each, a population Socio- Economic-Impact Survey was found to be appropriate over sampling method. Further, respondent size was found to be 26 land owners and 17 commercial units and hence was possible to collect the information in the limited timeframe

as per the scheme of the study.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 31

3.4 Overview of Data Sources

Both primary and secondary information were collected and analysed through mixed method by the expert quantitative and qualitative researchers. Secondary information and published reports from concerned offices of RBDCK/Revenue/Panchayat/Civil Stations were collected and referred by the field investigators at multiple stages.

A unique structured questionnaire was prepared, tested and validated to collect information from affected persons through Socio-Economic-Impact Survey. A separate questionnaire was prepared for directly affected (land owners) as well as for indirectly affected (tenants and employees of tenants). All affected persons were participated in the survey and have responded to the questionnaire interview. Survey contained questions aimed to collect the information such as Demographic/ Economic/ Family/ Livelihood, details of performing/non-

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 32 performing assets in the project land and the types/degree of impact. Further, qualitative data through Key Informant Interviews and FGD were also included in the study. The response and data points were analysed through statistical software and findings have reported along with recommendations.

3.5 Schedule of Consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public hearings conducted.

As part of the study, multiple meetings/interviews/discussions were held with important stakeholders.

Table 3.5-Schedule of Consultation Meetings

Date Activity/Event/Meeting Venue 23/01/2020 Pilot Study and Key Informant Mayyanad Panchayat Office Interviews 23/01/2020 Socio-Economic Survey and Key Mayyanad Informant Interviews 23/01/2020 Meeting with Land Acquisition Collectorate, Kollam Officer, 17/09/2020 Distribution of Notice and Mayyanad broadcasting about Public Hearing Meeting 29/09/2020 Public hearing Panchayat Hall, Mayyanad

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 33

Land Acquisition for the construction of Mayyanad Railway Over Bridge in Kollam District

Public Hearing

Date : September 29, 2020

Venue : Panchayat hall,Mayyanad

Official from RBDCK, Land acquisition office and SIA team members are present in the public hearing held on 29th September 2020. During the hearing RBDCK officials shared the following.

R.B.D.C.K

Mayyanad railway over bridge construction in Kollam district is a government project for public interest. The alignment has been approved after the evaluation of project documents, technical evaluation, alternatives considered by Govt. / KIIFB with regards to less land acquisition, low cost and less social impacts. There will not be any possibility to change the present alignment. The acquired private land and buildings and other structures were compensated according to RFCTLARR Act 2013. The present over bridge includes service road of width 5 meters on both sides. Land acquisition will not cause hindrance to access transportation.

Table 3.5.2 Queries raised by public hearing and reply from concerned authorities

Sl.No Name of the Queries Reply from the affected person Concerned Authority 1 Dr. Appukumaran The land acquisition procedure is going to L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. happen without considering me as a senior The requisition 181/11 citizen. Around 6 cent of the front portion of authority RBDCK is the the house is entirely acquiring and access to answerable person. the house will be blocked. Consider an RBDCK alignment with low social impact The surveyor in the land acquisition office will survey the land and only after that how much land, building parts of each

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 34

were can be identified. Smooth measures were taken for the people who lose their land. The loss of land and other structures were compensated according to RFCTLARR Act 2013. The land owners have chance to produce their anxieties/ objection during different phases of land acquisition. The alignment has been proposed with minimum land acquisition and less impact. 2 N.Surendranath The 1/3rd portion of the property will be L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No.382/2- acquired. The flyover passes above the The requisition 2 bedroom. 12 houses surrounding our home authority RBDCK is the will be demolished and our home will be answerable person. isolated because of this. There will not be RBDCK any consideration given to me as a senior The surveyor in the citizen. land acquisition office will survey the land and only after that how much land, building parts of each were can be identified. 12 houses were not affected. According to SIA draft report 5 houses were only affected. Isolation cannot be happen. Transportation cannot be hindered because service road is on both sides. Compensation were given to loss of land

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 35

and buildings according to land acquisition act 2013.

3 Ranjith p 11 lakh per cent for my property is needed L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. 385/5 for me to buy property in the centre of In this phase correct Mayyanad and build a house with same compensation cannot square feet. Otherwise government should be calculated because buy some land for me to build a house in survey procedures were mayyanad. not completed and 11(1) notification is not published. Compensation shall be given according to the land acquisition act 2013 section 26 to 30. RBDCK According to requisition the land from the survey no. 385 is not acquiring. The correct information about the acquiring land is only get from after completing the survey procedures from LA office. District collector will decide the land price according to section 26 of RFCTLARR Act 2013. PWD building section will decide the building value, multiple factor along with land value 100% solatium 12% increment (from 4(1) notification dated onwards) will get according to law. If it is not satisfied with the compensation application can be given to District collector/ LAO to refer to R&R authority (District court)

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 36

according to section 64 of RFCTLARR Act 2013.

4 S.Sudha I am a senior citizen and widow having L.A Special Tahsildar Survey no. several health issues. The flyover destruct The requisition 381/3/5, 381/2 over half of the house and 40 cent property. authority RBDCK is the 381/1 I have no other facilities for relocation. So answerable person. that please consider an alignment with lower RBDCK social impact. Presently the current alignment is the most suitable and less land acquisition needed. The statement that the flyover destruct half of the house is wrong. The acquiring land and building will get compensation according to RFCTLARR Act 2013. So they can move to the remaining land. The project will benefit for the people in the region including the affected people. 5 RasiyaBeevi I am a senior citizen with lots of health L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. 177 issues. The flyover over passes above the 5 The requisition shops which is the only income source of us. authority RBDCK is the For the past 17 years I have been under answerable person. treatment for thyroid in R.C.C. The RBDCK treatment expense is running from the The loss of shops and income which is receiving from these shops. income will be So that consider an alignment option which compensated as per has lower social impacts. law. The current alignment is the one with less social impact. District collector, LAO and RBDCK will give consideration to those who lose land and shops.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 37

6 Subi V The bridge lands 30 meters from my L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. 379/8- property. About 10 meters of width, land is The requisition 34 acquired from my property. About 5 cents of authority RBDCK is the land will be acquired. The tomb of my answerable person. beloved son is situating in the current RBDCK property. The current road has 12 meters of The loss of land and width. After acquiring the 10 meters the additional structures width of the road will be 22 meters. The will get compensation remaining portion of the road will become and R&R package as per unauthorized land. School, bhagavathi law. Applicant can use temple were located in the landing portion the remaining land after of the bridge. So I request that construct acquisition. It cannot be bridge through the current road and do not changed to impact my property. unauthorized land. 7 Binu V The bridge lands 20 meters from my L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. 379/8- property. About 12 meters of width, land is The requisition 17 acquired from my property. About 9 cents of authority RBDCK is the land will be acquired. School, bhagavathi answerable person. temple were located in the landing portion RBDCK of the bridge. So I request that construct The loss of land and bridge through the current road and do not additional structures impact my property. will get compensation and R&R package as per law. Applicant can use the remaining land after acquisition. Presently the current alignment is the most suitable and less land acquisition needed. So the plan to build bridge through the current road is not possible. 8 Sharafuneesa. M I am a senior citizen with a lot of health L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. issues. I find it very difficult taking over my The requisition 177/19-3 ancestral home. It was learned that there is authority RBDCK is the another design with less social impact. I answerable person. request to consider any of it and exempt my RBDCK family from land acquisition. R&R package will be given its maximum for those who lose their land and house. Another alignment with less social impact not there so the present acquisition procedure cannot be excluded 9 Naji. M I am a senior citizen with a lot of health L.A Special Tahsildar Survey issues. I find it very difficult taking over my The requisition No.177/26, home and land. It was learned that there is authority RBDCK is the

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 38

177/28 another design with less social impact I answerable person. request to consider any of it and exempt my RBDCK family from land acquisition. R&R package will be given its maximum for those who lose their land and house. Another alignment with less social impact not there so the present acquisition procedure cannot be excluded 10 J. Nivia, Rashida I am a senior citizen and a widow. Like L.A Special Tahsildar M everyone else I too want to spend my days in The requisition Survey No. my house. Upon enquiring I found that there authority RBDCK is the 177/25, 177/27 are other outlines with less impact on us. answerable person. Kindly choose one of them and exempt our RBDCK homes. R&R package will be given its maximum for those who lose their land and house. Another alignment with less social impact not there so the present acquisition procedure cannot be excluded 12 C. Sunildhathan I am a retired government worker. My family L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. 382/4 consists of a wife and two children. My The requisition youngest son is physically challenged. He authority RBDCK is the needs help for everything. I have already answerable person. spent lot of money for his treatment. So I am RBDCK far behind financially. I will lose a total of R&R package will be 15.5 cents of land due to the flyover. I and given its maximum for my family have no other land or property. those who lose their Upon enquiring I found that there are other land and house. outlines with less impact on us. Kindly Another alignment with choose one of them and exempt my home. less social impact not there so the present acquisition procedure cannot be excluded. The loss of 15 cent land is not correct. The survey from LAO office has to conduct and superintendent has to approve then it is know that how much land is going to acquire. The remaining land after acquisition can be used. Another alignment with

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 39

less impact is not there. The statement is not correct. The current alignment is the one with less land acquisition and less social impact. 13 Badaruneesa. M I am a senior citizen with a lot of health L.A Special Tahsildar 177/19 issues. I find it very difficult taking over The requisition ancestral home and land. It was learned that authority RBDCK is the there is another design with less social answerable person. impact. I accept any of it and request that RBDCK my family be exempted from land R&R package will be acquisition. given its maximum for those who lose their land and house. Another alignment with less social impact not there so the present acquisition procedure cannot be excluded. 14 Niran Jamaal With the construction of the flyover I am L.A Special Tahsildar 379/7 going to lose 10 cents that I made working The requisition on my own. Most of the land belongs to my authority RBDCK is the family. Therefore by acquiring the land, the answerable person. heritage of my family is wiped out. Please RBDCK consider the outlines that has less social The loss of 10 cent land impact and exempt my home. is not correct. The survey from LAO office has to conduct and superintendent has to approve then it is know that how much land is going to acquire. The remaining land after acquisition can be used. Another alignment with less impact is not there. The statement is not correct. The current alignment is the one with less land acquisition and less social impact. 15 Ashokan, The flyover is coming through the only 3 cent L.A Special Tahsildar Sharadambika, property that we have inherited from our The requisition Anil, Sunitha ancestors. We belongs to harijan authority RBDCK is the Survey No. community. I learned that there are other answerable person. 382/15-2,3,4 plans beside the proposed one. Kindly RBDCK 382/15-7,6,5 choose another plan and save us from this Compensation as per

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 40

predicament. RFCTLARR Act 2013 land will be given to the affected families with road facilities will be provided to constructed home for the affected.So there is no need to get anxious. The present alignment is the one which has less social impact and less land requirement needed. There is no other alignment with less social impact. 16 Susheela I am a senior citizen and a widow. Currently L.A Special Tahsildar Shivadas the main source of income is the rent from The requisition Survey No. the 2 shop rooms built with the loan. With authority RBDCK is the 181/12 the coming of the flyover, these income will answerable person. loss. With the commencement of the piling RBDCK work of the bridge, my house will be in the The anxiety regarding state of collapse. All this will create a the collapse of house financial burden. I therefore request a design during piling work is not which has a lesser social impact and a correct. The transparent and appropriate report to be construction will submitted. proceed only after ensuring safety measures. The present alignment is the one which has less social impact and less land requirement needed. There is no other alignment with less social impact. 17 Sabin. S. S The land is in my mother’s name. My L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. widowed mother and me live here. Our only The requisition 181/12-3 income is the rent of the shop rooms on my authority RBDCK is the mother’s property. I had decided to start my answerable person. own business when I came to know about RBDCK the acquisition of land for the flyover. With Those who lose land the commencement of the piling work of the and shops will get bridge, my house will be in the state of compensation according collapse. All this will create a financial to RFCTLARR Act 2013. burden. I therefore request a design which The anxiety regarding has a lesser social impact and a transparent the collapse of house and appropriate report to be submitted. during piling work is not correct. The construction will proceed only after

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 41

ensuring safety measures. The present alignment is the one which has less social impact and less land requirement needed. There is no other alignment with less social impact. 18 Sajeer My livelihood depends on my medical lab L.A Special Tahsildar Survey No. located at the proposed area of Compensation shall be 181/19 construction. There are 3 employees who given according to land have been working there for more than 5 acquisition act 2013 years. So, I would like to know the section 26 to 30 and compensation details that we would receive. rehabilitation and resettlement were given according to section 31 for the shop owner and authorized worker. RBDCK For the land and building included in acquisition as per the survey conducted by LA office compensation and R&R package will be provided as per RFCTLARR Act 2013. The authorized workers who lose their job will also provide with R&R package. 19 Pramod My livelihood depends on the shop rooms L.A Special Tahsildar located at the proposed area of Compensation shall be construction. There are 4 shop owners who given according to land have been doing business there for more acquisition act 2013 than 20 years. So, I would like to know the section 26 to 30 and compensation details. rehabilitation and resettlement were given according to section 31 for the shop owner and authorized worker. RBDCK For the land and building included in acquisition as per the survey conducted by LA office compensation and R&R package will be provided as per

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 42

RFCTLARR Act 2013. The authorized workers who lose their job will also provide with R&R package. 20 Dr. Manoj My clinic on a 2 cent land will be completely L.A Special Tahsildar lost with the coming of the flyover. That Compensation shall be makes it very difficult for me, so I want to given according to land know more about the land acquisition. acquisition act 2013 section 26 to 30 and rehabilitation and resettlement were given according to section 31 for the shop owner and authorized worker. RBDCK For the land and building included in acquisition as per the survey conducted by LA office compensation and R&R package will be provided as per RFCTLARR Act 2013. The authorized workers who lose their job will also provide with R&R package. The information were known in the time of hearing. 21 Alexander John I have been running a tailoring shop in L.A Special Tahsildar Tenant Pramod’s property for the last few years. According to the land The shop is my only source of income and acquisition act 2013 will be lost due to the proposed flyover. I section 31 rehabilitation would like to know the compensation details and resettlement were regarding this. given. RBDCK According to Government order G.O. (M.S) No. 448/2017/RD Thiru. Dated 29.12.2017, loss of shop, tenants who is running the shop, the employees in the shop will get compensation according to R& R package were given by district collector from

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 43

the approval of land revenue commissioner according to law. 22 Ram Singh I have been running the shop for the past L.A Special Tahsildar Tenant few years in Razia Beevi’s property. My only According to the land source of income will be lost due to the acquisition act 2013 proposed flyover. So, I would like to know section 31 rehabilitation more about the placement and the and resettlement were compensation details. given. RBDCK According to Government order G.O. (M.S) No. 448/2017/RD Thiru. Dated 29.12.2017, loss of shop, tenants who is running the shop, the employees in the shop will get compensation according to R& R package were given by district collector from the approval of land revenue commissioner according to law.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 44

Public Hearing Photos

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 45

Chapter 4

Land Assessment

4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and primary sources

The proposed Mayyanad ROB project would require 83.60 Ares (Approximate) of land in Mayyanad Village of Kollam Taluk, Kollam. The identified land comprises of both private as well as public land and includes Dry land, Well, PWD Road, SC Colony and government school. The ROB will replace Level Cross No. 551 at km 163/9-164/0 in Kottiyam-Mayyanad Railway line and connects Kottiyam and Koottikada, ensuring faster and safe transportation between Kottiyamand Koottikada via Mayyanad. Project location with the help of Google Map is in the figure below.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 46

Figure 4.1- Project location Map

As per the primary sources, five residential building which includes a SC Colony and seventeen commercial units will be fully affected due to the proposed Mayyanad ROB. Further the noon meal hall and compound wall of Vellamanal Government Higher Secondary School will also be affected. Project site also includes numerous trees and farming activities of the people.

4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area for acquisition)

Mayyanad is a village in Kollam district. It is located in the south western suburbs of Kollam district, Mayyanad lies about 10 kilometres south of the city centre and 6kilometres north of Paravur Town. The major connectivity to Mayyanad is through public transports viz. Busses and train. The LC located

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 47 near to Mayyanad Railway station in Kottiyam‐Mayyanad road adds its importance. The public transportation via Mayyanad would require faster and safer road networks. Further, there are many religious/ educational institutions and civil organisations located across the railway track and the proposed flyover replacing Mayyanad LC will have a significant positive impact in the region. Figure 4.2- Project Location Photograph

4.3 Total land requirement for the project

As per the Notification and Schedule released by District Collector, a total extent of 83.60 Ares of land in block 26 having survey No’s – 376, 383, 171, 382, 381, 77, 181 and 180from Mayyanad Village of Kollam Taluk, Kollam district is mapped to be acquired. The identified land comprises of both private as well as public land and includes Dry land, Well, PWD Road, 3 Harijan families and a government higher secondary school.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 48

4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area

PWD road and a government higher secondary school are included in the project land for the construction of Mayyanad flyover which would replace Level Cross No. 551 at km 163/9-164/0 in Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram railway line.

4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended use for each plot of land required for the project

The concerned authorities have mapped to acquire 83.60 Ares of land for the proposed construction of Mayyanad ROB. As per the available information from the concerned departments, no land has been either leased or purchased for the project yet.

4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project

Mayyanad is a village located between Koottikada and Kottiyam and 83.60 Ares of land in Survey Nos. - 376, 383, 171, 382, 381, 77, 181 and 180 of Block No. 26 are identified to be acquired for the project. Paddy and fish farming have been the traditional means of income for the people in the region. The quality of soil is known to be strong enough for heavy structures, but would require piling and other measures at certain areas subject to the inspection and validation of the competent civil bodies.

Though included in the approved DPR, the existing design and alignment have been opposed by the affected persons as the project is likely to displace 5 families including newly built residential house and 3 Harijan families. The petitioners have mentioned there is malice happened in the project, where in no

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 49 major structure will be affected and the requiring body may consider the design duly inspected and take alteration if any.

4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation coverage and cropping patterns

As a village located at Arabian Sea basin, Mayyanad is a fertile and water- sufficient region and is known for paddy and fishing activities. However, due to rise in residential and commercial buildings and poor cost efficiency, the farming has been gradually decreased in the last two decades. Our field investigators have identified 26 directly affected persons whose land is mapped to acquire for the proposed Mayyanad flyover project. The socio-economic survey reveals that all the land plots are classified as ‘Purayidam.’ (Figure 4.7.1) The present uses of land are found to be diverse.19 land plots are used for residential purpose, 6 land plots are used for commercial purpose and 1 land remains unused.(Figure 4.7.2)As per the primary data source, the affected land has Six (6) Well and for the irrigation as well as for drinking water requirements. The project land also has various types of crops and the details of the classification of tress and units to be affected are given in the table 4.7.1.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 50

Classification of Land 30

15 Purayidam 10

0 Frequency

Figure 4.7.1

Use of land 20 18 19 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 6 2 1 0 unused residential commercial

Figure 4.7.2

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 51

Table 4.7.1 - Statistics of crops/trees affected Sl. Type of Tree No. of No. Units 1 Mango Tree 19 2 Pepper Vine 9 3 Sandal 1 4 Jackfruit Tree 5 5 Anjili 1 6 Coconut Tree 38 7 Teak 6 8 Cashew Tree 2 9 Mahagony 1 10 Padumaram 4

4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of residential houses

As per the present design and alignment, the Mayyanad ROB project would directly affect 26 persons whose land is mapped for the acquisition procedures. The survey reveals that Five (5) residential houses will be affected and shall displace these families. The year on which the affected person hold ownership ranges from 20 years to 100 years and decade wise ownership status of the affected land is presented in Figure 4.8.1. While 42% of the population have inherited the land from their ancestors, 58% of the population have bought the land to arrive at ownership (Figure 4.8.3)

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 52

12 Year of Ownership

0 20 years 40 years 60 years 80 years 100 years

Figure 4.8.1 Year of ownership

Forms of Ownership

42% inherited bought 58%

Figure 4.8.3-Forms of Ownership

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 53

4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the last three years

The perceptive market value of the land is reported to be around 8 Lakhs per cent and will be varied based on the size of plots and value in the specific area. Majority of them have inherited and owns the land for more than 20 years and above.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 54

Chapter 5

Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families and Assets

5.1 Estimation of families

As per the notification from District Collector, Kollam, Ten (10) plots comprising of public and private lands are aligned for the construction of Mayyanad flyover in Mayyanad Village at Kollam Taluk. Contrary to this, land plots owned by Twenty Six (26) persons are found to be affected by the field investigators of the SIA unit as guided by the Survey Stones fixed by the Revenue Department. While Five (5) residential buildings which includes a SC colony are known to be affected, Seventeen (17) units engaged in commercial activities as well as a portion of a Government Higher Secondary School will also are impacted.

5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired) Table 5.1.1 – List of affected persons

Sl. Name of the Address Ward Survey No Affected Person No. No. 1 Nasar Thengazhiyam (H) Mayyanad P O 15 Mayyanad 2 RijuNasar Thengazhiyam (H) Mayyanad P O 15 Mayyanad 3 Syam Pushpavilasam (H) Mayyanad P O 19 Mayyanad 4 Surendranath Mukkadayil West, Mayyanad P O 15 382/2/2 Mayyanad 5 Binu Indeevaram, Chettikulangara P O 379/8 Alappuzha 6 Subi V. Simla, Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 379/34

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 55

7 S.Rajaram Manalil (H) Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 379/10

8 S.Sudha Naveena (H) Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 381/3/5 381/2 381/1 9 Rasheeda Thengazhiyam (H) Mayyanad P O 15 Mayyanad 10 Padmakumar Abhiramam, Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 379/25 11 Muraleedharan Haritham (H) Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15

12 Suseela Viswavilasam, Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 181/12 181/12- 3,2 13 Gopalakrishnan Manalilveedu, Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 19 181/10 181/13

14 Shyamala Sreesabarya (H) Mayyanad P O 19 181/4/4/ Mayyanad 4, 181/4/4/ 1,2 15 Sajithakumar Karthika- Poundazhikam, Mayyanad P O 19 181/24/ Mayyanad 2 16 Anil ManalilKizhakketh (H) Mayyanad P O 15 382/15- Mayyanad 4,15- 3,15-2 17 Gomathi Poundazhikam, Mayyanad P O 19 181/25 Mayyanad 18 Asokan Manalilveedu, Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 382/15- 7,15- 6,15-5 19 S.Raghu Indulayam, Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15 171/18,3 79/13,38 3/8 20 Murali R RadhikaBhavan, 12 379/7-4 KunnathazhikamMayyanad P O Kollam 21 Sunil ManalilKizhakkel,Mayyanad P O 15 382/17 Mayyanad

22 Rohan Hamsam (H) Robinson road, Palakkad 19 181/11

23 Najeeb Thengazhiyam (H) Mayyanad P O 15 Mayyanad 24 Niran Thengazhiyam (H) Mayyanad P O 15 Mayyanad

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 56

25 Kanjana S.K Bhavanam, ManalilKizhakkethil, 15 382/8/2 Mayyanad P O Kollam 26 Sunildath Manalil (H) Mayyanad P O Mayyanad 15

5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost any of their forest rights

Mayyanad is situated on the banks of the Paravur Lake and has an Arabian Sea coastline. The project is expected to have an effect on 3 Harijan families among others. Neither any Scheduled Tribes, nor any other community with special forest rights are reported to be affected with the project.

5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood

As reported in the Socio-economic survey, no property resources such as Canal, Pond etc. are not shared among the affected persons at present and hence no adverse effect on the same.

5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition

No families in recent years were assigned land by any government and no such land will be affected.

5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land

Mayyanad is a small village in Kollam district. As reported in the Survey conducted by SIA unit, most of the affected persons have been residing in the village for a longer period and none is found to be moved from an urban area in the last three years.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 57

5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition

Three affected families have reported that the major source of income in their familiy is the income from rent, and others have pension, Salary and Three of the families have daily wage. And the acquisition of land for mayyanad ROB will affect livelihood of many families. Further, land plots owned by Twenty Six (26) persons, Five (5) residential buildings which includes a 3 Harijen families are known to be affected, Seventeen (17) units engaged in commercial activities, Vellamanal Government Higher Secondary School in the village will also have an adverse impact as the project land alignment included portion of the school building.

5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by the acquisition of own lands) The proposed Mayyanad ROB is also expected to affect the livelihood of sixteen tenants who runs commercial units such as Medical shop, Laboratory, Stationary shops and other small business units. Income in the families of all staffs employed by the latter will also have an adverse impact due to the aforesaid project.

5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.

The in and around areas of Mayyanad Level Cross is a known habitat for living as well as for farming and is reported that Five (5) residential buildings will be affected including the recently built structures. In addition to the functioning school building, seventeen units engaged in commercial activities are also fall in the project site. Statistics of productive trees and crops to be affected are illustrated in Table 4.7.1.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 58

Chapter 6

Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and Resettlement Site)

6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area

Religion As given in the figure 6.1.1, Hindu faith is dominated among the affected persons as 81% follow the religion. The remaining 19% families follow Islam.

Figure 6.1.1 Religion

Religion

hindu Muslim

19%

81%

Gender

The gender statistics of the affected families reveal that female population (N= 49) is higher than the male group (N=45). Figure 6.1.2

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 59

Figure 6.1.2 Gender

Male, 45 Female, 49

Age of Affected Persons While analyzing age of the affected population (Figure 6.1.3), it is found that adult in the age group of 26-40 outnumbered the rest with 18 of them followed by 25 persons falling in 41-60 age group. Similarly, presence of younger children (0-6) and elders (60-80) in the families are comparatively high with 8 and 16 numbers respectively. Number of children under age group of 7-18 and adults in 19-25 age group have counted as 7 and 17 each. There is One (1) person falls in the age group of >80 category.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 60

Figure 6.1.3 Age of Affected Persons

Age of affected Persons

18 17 16

8 7

0 to 6 7 to 18 19 to 25 26 to 40 41 to 60 61 to 80 >80 Age Group of Affected Persons

Marital Status As illustrated in Table 6.1 detailing the marital status of adults in the affected families, about more than half of the population is married (N=55) and Twenty nine (29) are reported as unmarried. Survey also counts Eight (8) person as widow and 1 person as separated.

Table 6.1 Marital Status

Marital Status of Adults

Status Population Married 55 Unmarried 29 Separated 1 Widowhood 8

Education With regards to the education background of the affected persons, survey reveals that Nineteen (19) people in the affected families have High School qualification, whereas Fifteen (15) are either pursuing or completed Higher

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 61

Secondary School education. While Two (2) have LP School qualification, No. of persons with UP School qualification is only Five (5). Number of individuals with UG and PG qualification are Twenty Eight (28) and Seventeen (17) respectively. (Figure 6.1.4)

Figure 6.1.4 Education

EDUCATION

19 17 15

5 2

LP UP High School Higher UG PG Secondary Level of Education

6.2 Income and poverty levels

With regards to the income level of the population, Twenty Six (26) affected families have promptly participated in the survey and one respondent didn’t give the required information. Income level of the affected families is found to be diverse, ranging from INR 10,000 to INR 100000 per month. Figure 6.2.1 furnishes the income level of 26 families and Seven (7) families earn an income in the range of INR <10,000 per month, followed by Five (5) families fall in INR 10,000-20,000 category. While Two (2) families earn between INR 30,000 and 50,000, Four (4) families earns INR 50,000 -70,000 and Three (3) families earns 70,000-1 lakh in a month. Also Five (5) families does not responded to their monthly family income.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 62

Figure 6.2.1 Income Level

INCOME LEVEL

not responded, 5 <10000, 7

70000 to 1 lakh, 3

50000 to 10000 to 70000, 4 20000, 5 30000 to 50000, 2

As illustrated in Figure 6.2.2, Four (4) families hold Pink ration card and is classified into Below Poverty Line. Eight (8) families having Blue ration card and Twelve (12) families holding White ration card indicates that the majority of the affected population live above poverty line as per the government standards. Also 2 families not responded about the ration card they hold.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 63

Figure 6.2.2 Ration Card

Ration card 14 12 10 8 6

No.of Families 4 2 0 pink blue white Not know Ration card 4 8 12 2

6.3 Vulnerable groups

The proposed Mayyanad flyover project at LC No. 551 at Km 163/9‐164/0 in Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram trunk line between Eravipuram and Mayyanad railway stations. Though major aspects of Human Development Index such as education, income, health etc. are found to be positive, there are certain vulnerable groups especially children and elders who would require special attention while implementing the project. No. of Children under 6 years of age is Eight (8) and elders whose age is above 60 years is Seventeen (17). Further there are Eight (8) widows One (1) separated and Two (2) cardiac patients, Two (2) cancer patients, one (1) cerebral palsy, One (1) Parkinson and One (1) Stroke among the affected persons who would also be vulnerable due to the project.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 64

6.4 Land use and livelihood

The socio-economic survey reveals that all the land plots are classified as ‘Purayidam.’ (Figure 4.7.1) The present uses of land are found to be diverse.19 land plots are used for residential purpose, 6 land plots are used for commercial purpose and 1 land remains unused. The survey reveals that the livelihood opportunities of 9 families will be affected.

6.5 Local economic activities

The experts from Socio-Economic Survey reports that Business in local towns, government jobs and pension constitute the major source for household income and livelihood, yet a minority is engaged in farming and other daily wage jobs.

6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods

Fishing and farming were the two prominent and traditional livelihood activities in the village and also government jobs contribute to the livelihood opportunities of the people. The growing town of Kottiyam also attracted many businessmen and workmen from the village and finds livelihood means.

6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization

As observed by the expert team of SIA, people generally live in harmony and work together for the development of the region. Schools, Religious and Cultural Organisations are also present in the region and the most notable being is Vellamanal Government Higher Secondary School.

6.8 Administrative organization

Mayyanad Village, Mayyanad Grama Panchayat Office, Community health centre etc. are some of the administrative organisations located in the vicinity of

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 65 project site; however none are being affected directly with the proposed Mayyanad ROB.

6.9 Political organization

Mayyanad is a small village and centred on the gated Railway Cross in the busy

Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram railway line. No political organisation is observed to be located in the immediate vicinity of the project site.

6.10 Community based and civil society organizations

No religious or community based organisations are directly affected with the project.

6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes

Mayyanad is a region situated in Kollam taluk in Kollam district. The region is known for its cultivation for paddy and cashew trees. The Level Cross has been functional since the existing road was constructed, connecting Kottiyam and Koottikkada decades ago. Since then, it has evolved as the commercial centre of the village. To leapfrog the development of the region, a faster and safer road network is essential and the proposed Railway Over bridge is likely to become catalysts for the same.

6.12 Quality of the living environment

Major population in the project area live Above Poverty Line with access to facilities such as Schools, Religious Centres, Civil Organisations, Social Groups etc.. Due to its close access with Kottiyam town, the facilities in the town are also being used widely especially for Health, Education and Livelihood.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 66

Chapter 7

Social Impact Management

7.1 Approach to mitigation

To assess the mitigation, the expert research team of SIA Unit has adopted an approach that is spanned in three phases. In the first phase, a physical observation of the area was held and conducted a pilot study to understand major risks and opportunities involved with the project. Through a structured questionnaire, detailed dynamics of risks of each affected person is collected and analysed. Further, to understand generic and common risks involved with the project, in-depth interviews were held with selected key persons and stakeholders of the project. A public hearing is being scheduled for a comprehensive measurement of risk and to mitigate it in the third phase.

7.2 Measures to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact

The construction of Mayyanad ROB replacing (LC No. 551 at Km 163/9‐164/0) in Thiruvananthapuram-Kollam railway line was proposed by Roads and Bridges Development Corporation of Kerala Ltd. Among the three alternatives under scrutiny, RBDCK Ltd. has adopted the existing design, considering not only the lower estimated cost of the project, but the minimal impact to the residential buildings as well. However, with the existing alignment plan, Five (5) residential buildings are understood to be affected and total of Twenty Six (26) families are to be directly impacted. Further, the tenants and employees working in the owned and rented organisation/ commercial units are known to

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 67 be indirectly affected with the project. The following measures may be taken to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact.

 Compensation shall be provided to the land owners as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013&Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015.  The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package shall be provided to the affected families as per the Policies issued by Revenue (B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O. (MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and vide G.O. (Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013.  For avoiding residential problems of the families timely rehabilitation shall be taken for the affected houses.  Rehabilitation measures will be taken before the evacuation of the shops to not cause more impact on the livelihood of families.  The resettlement of the basic facilities like toilet, septic tank, well etc. will be ensured without causing inconvenience to the families.  Ensure that the functioning of the shops which are not included or partially included in acquisition is not hindering during the project construction period. Otherwise consider for compensation for the affected livelihood during the construction period.  Timely measures should be taken to rebuild the affected portion of Vellamanal Govt. Higher Secondary School.  Take possible measures to recreate income source for the directly and indirectly affected persons or provide legal compensation

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 68

 Distribute saplings and take initiatives to plant trees to safeguard the environment.  Safety of the people while constructing the flyover and healthy disposal of wastages which may arise out of construction should be ensured.

7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act

Measures to be taken to provide compensation and Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the RFCTLARR Act 2013 and the Policies issued by Revenue (B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 and G.O. (Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCT LAR&R Act 2013.

7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal Table 7.4-Risk and mitigation measures

Sl. Risk Mitigation measures proposed No 1 Land acquisition School building area shall be acquired for smooth progress of the work and complete project on time. 2 Adverse weather Proper planning and works below ground condition level to be completed before monsoon.

Proper work scheduling 3 Shortage of labour and Shall be handled by the Contractor by materials making the same available

This shall be accounted by additional 4 Strikes working hours/ augmentation of resources thereafter

Increased communication and reviews to

avoid occurrences of disputes.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 69

5 Disputes Any disputes to be settled without delay by properly assessing the situation and arriving at a win-win situation Damage to person and Proper safety measures shall be ensured 6 property due to safety during construction. issues or force majeure Insurance coverage Project Management Institutionalizing an activity based project risks : schedule

This includes change

7 in priorities , overload, communication issues, lack of coordination , Regular reviews and assessment of progress in experienced work force, etc.

Shall be avoided by appointing well experienced and reputed organizations as implementation agencies.

Proper monitoring

Constant reviews Organizational risk :

This includes in 8 experienced staff, in Each unit in the Project Management sufficient time to plan, Organization is planned considering loosing critical staff at minimizing the organizational risk critical time, Inconsistent cost, time, scope, and quality objectives Objection from 9 Settled by setting a time limit without the local affecting the work progress community Contractual 10 relations: Issues arise due The chance of occurrence of the same is to permit and very less as the frame works are completed and finalized in the initial stage itself. license, new However, in case of occurrence immediate stake holders, measures shall be adopted priority changes,

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 70

funding changes

Proper ID cards

Security issues 11 due to laborers Surveillance measures

Entry restrictions

Minimum activities during peak time

7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during SIA

The requiring body stated that the alignment selected for the project with minimum social impact. However as per the existing alignment Five (5) residential buildings are included in acquisition. During the survey and public hearing conducted as part of SIA, most of the project affect families suggested to consider an alternate alignment.

7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy

To mitigate the social impact of the proposed land acquisition, compensation and R&R package should be provided to the families as per the Policies issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(MS)No.485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015and G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the compensation and R & R package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 by strictly following the time plan and procedures stated in the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 71

Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.

Table 7.6.1 Social Impact Management Plan

Sl. Social Impact Time Frame Mitigation No. Impact Management Indicators 1 Loss of Provide Time frame as per Sensitize the land compensation as the Kerala Right to affected families per the 1st Fair Compensation about the schedule of and Transparency reasonable price RFCTLARR Act in land and other legal 2013 and the Acquisition, benefits of the land related policies Rehabilitation and of the State Resettlement Government Rules 2015. 2 Impact on Provide Speedy houses compensation resettlement including and R&R procedures. eviction package as per Resettlement 1st and 2nd before eviction. schedule of Ensure the families RFCTLARR Act will not difficult 2013 and the even for a day. related policies of the state government. 3 Loss of Provide Assets should be

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 72

assets compensation as measured in the attached to per the 1st presence of the the land schedule of land owners and RFCTLARR Act inform them the 2013 and the procedures of its related policies valuation of the State Government 4 Loss of Provide R&R Compensation shall livelihood/ package as per be given to the land income the 2nd schedule owners and the of RFCTLARR people with legal Act 2013 and the documents who related policies works in the of the State project area for Government more than 3 years. 5 Eviction of Compensation Resettlement shops and R&R procedures shall be package as per done before the the 1stand 2nd eviction of shops schedule of RFCTLARR Act 2013 and the related policies of the State Government 6 Impact on Compensation Ensure timely Public and R&R resettlement of the

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 73

institution( package as per affected facilities Vellamanal the 1stand 2nd without affecting Govt. schedule of the functioning of Higher RFCTLARR Act the school. Secondary 2013 and the School) related policies of the State Government. 7 Insufficienc Compensation Consider full y of the and R&R acquisition if remaining package as per possible concession land for the 1stand 2nd in related laws. reconstructi schedule of Ensure the affected on RFCTLARR Act house basic 2013 and the facilities and related policies livelihood were of the State properly Government. compensated. 8 Resettleme Resettlement The affected basic nt of basic procedures as facilities shall be facilities per the resettled timely like Septic 2ndschedule of without causing tank and RFCTLARR Act inconvenience to Drinking 2013 and the the families. If the water tank related policies remaining land is of the State insufficient for Government construction, consider the

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 74

rehabilitation of the family 9 Loss of Adequate Ensure adequate Entrance entrance to the entrance to the shops and houses and shops houses nearby near by the bridge the bridge shall after the project be included in implementation the project design 10 Hindering Construction Provide Ensure the pleasant the shall be planned compensation in functioning of the functioning as unhindered the income lose shops in the project of the shops the functioning time itself to meet area during the during of shops which the day to day construction period constructio are not included expenses of the or compensate the n period or partially families income loss during included in the time of impact. acquisition. If hinders income loss shall be compensated 11 Traffic Plan and Plan before the Measures shall be block and implement safety construction taken to hindering measures and period unhindered the public develop plan of vehicle movement mobility action before the and public mobility during project during construction

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 75

constructio construction for period n period the undisrupted transportation and movement of people 9 Disposal of Scientific Plan before the Ensure the constructio disposal of construction scientific and n waste construction period timely disposal of waste shall be construction waste done on time has done before the project implementation without causing environmental issues to the region

7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

Not Applicable

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 76

Chapter8

Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each mitigation measures

RFCTLARR Act, 2013 section 43and The Kerala RFCTLARR Rules 2015 Rule 22 define the Administrator appointed by the State Government would be the person responsible for Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme for affected families of Land Acquisition. Subject to the superintendence/ directions / control of the appropriate Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme shall vest with the Administrator. Special Tahsildar (LA) KIIFB is the Administrator of the land acquisition from Mayyanad for the Construction of Railway over Bridge.

As per The Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules,2015 and the Policy framed by the State government via G.O. (Ms) No.485/2015/RD, dated 23/09/2015, for the land acquisition in Kerala State 2 committees shall be constituted. 1. District Level Fair Compensation, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee which comprises of following members: • District Collector • Administrator for resettlement and rehabilitation • Land Acquisition officer, • Finance Officer • Representatives of the requiring body empowered to take financial decisions on its behalf.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 77

• Representatives of Local Self Government Institution of the area where the land is situated. 2. The State Monitoring Committee for Rehabilitation Committee, which shall have the following members: • Chief Secretary • Revenue Secretary • Secretary of the Administrative Department • Law Secretary • Finance Secretary The District Level Fair Compensation, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee will finalize the estimate of a fair and reasonable price of land and compensation along with the Rehabilitation and Resettlement package to be given to the affected person/family and submit the same to the State Level committee. The State Level Empowered Committee shall approve the estimate or return it for reconsideration with suggestions/observations. After the approval of the State Level Monitoring Committee the District Level Fair Compensation Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee shall present the estimated compensation and resettlement and rehabilitation package to the affected family or affected person and explain the terms and conditions of the same. Upon receiving the consent of the affected person or affected family, the District Level Fair Compensation Resettlement and Rehabilitation Committee shall submit the consent along with the minutes of its proceedings to the District Collector for finalizing the conveyance of land in terms of the consent. The Compensation and package agreed upon shall be paid into the bank account, the details of which shall be submitted by the affected family or affected person alongwith the consent. On completion of the conveyance the Collector shall take possession of the land.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 78

8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations

RFCTLARR Act 2013 section 4 insists to conduct a Social Impact Assessment study whenever the Government intends to acquire land for a public purpose. As per the Rule 9 of The Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015, the Government shall empanel the individuals/ organizations as Social Impact Assessment units to conduct the Social Impact Assessment study of the land acquisition. Rajagiri outREACH, an NGO functioning in Rajagiri College of Social Sciences is entrusted by the District Collector Kollam via Notification No. LA 11-112579/18 dated 16/03/2020 to conduct the Social Impact Assessment Study of the land acquisition from Mayyanad village for the Construction of Railway over Bridge. Hence Rajagiri outREACH is responsible to conduct procedures for Social Impact Assessment including Public Hearing.

8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical assistance if any

RBDCK Ltd. may provide necessary information to the governing offices and shall finalise the resources and capacities in consultation meetings.

8.4 Timelines for each activity

Timeline will be finalized as per the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 79

Chapter 9

Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation Plan

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs a. The land area to be acquired depends on the width of the proposed ROB and the width of the service roads running adjacent to them. As far as land acquisition is concerned, around 160 cents of land is to be acquired. For estimation purposes, current market prices have been used for the land and the amount work out to Rs.777.60lakhs. b. There are RCC buildings, Wells, Compound Wall, Tiled roof buildings etc which are affected by land acquisition, and value of this amounts to Rs. 90.29 lakhs. c. Costs of resettlement and rehabilitation are proposed as Rs.15.30 lakhs as a token provision. The details of Costs of resettlement and rehabilitation are as follows.  Rent for 7 nos of Pucca buildings @ Rs. 15,000/‐ for 6 months amounts toRs. 6,30,000.00  Rent for 5 nos of Kuchha buildings @ Rs. 10,000/‐ for 6 months amounts toRs. 3,00,000.00  Shifting charges for 12 structures @ Rs. 50,000/‐ amounts to Rs.6,00,000.00. R&R value will vary based on the detailed survey done by dist. Collector. d. Contingency charge @ 5% of the total of (a), (b) and (c) above, amounting to Rs.44.16 lakhs is to be deposited to District Collector as per Rule 4(3) and 4(5) of GO(P) No. 470/2015/RD.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 80 e. Cost of alignment demarcation, laying of boundary stone, preparation of structural valuation report and survey report, auctioning and overhead charges comes to Rs.11.00 lakhs. The details of the area to be acquired and the estimated cost of acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement and agency charges are provided in the following table. Table 9.1‐ Land Acquisition and RR Cost Sl No. Unit Area Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs) Amount (Rs in lakhs) Land cost Cent 160 4,86,000.00 7,77,60,000.00 777.6 Mayyanad subtotal 777.6 land

Structures Pucca m2 591.25 11,600.00 68,58,500.00 68.585 Kuchha m3 217.07 10,000.00 21,70,700.00 21.707 subtotal 90.292 structures sub total for 8,67,89,200.00 867.892 land & structure R & R 15,30,000.00 15.3 sub total 8,83,19,200.00 883.192 contingency 44,15,960.00 44.16 5% total 9,27,35,160.00 927.35

9.2 Annual budget and plan of action

Not Applicable.

9.3 Funding sources with break up

Not Applicable.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 81

Chapter 10

Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators

 Land price and compensation amount  Resettlement procedures without affecting the livelihood of families  Time frame of the procedures and disbursement of compensation  Time bound clearance of construction waste from the site

10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles

Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles of the land acquisition for the Construction of Mayyanad Railway over Bridge will be as per the Rules stated in the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015. The Special Tahsildar KIIFB is the Administrator of the proposed project and he is responsible for the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme. A draft of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme prepared by the Administrator shall be finalized by the District Level Rehabilitation and Resettlement Committee formed for the project and shall be approved by the State Monitoring Committee.

10.3 Plan for independent evaluation

Not Applicable

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 82

Chapter 11

Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition

Road over‐bridge construction is an important aspect of the railway safety in the country. Faster and safer road networks are important determinants for the economic development and high living standards. Mayyanad is a small village in Kollam district and is located 4 KM away from Kottiyam town. The railway gate LC No. 551 at km 163/9-164/0 in Kollam- Thiruvanathapuram railway line at Mayyanad has been causing regular congestion and traffic issues and RBDCK Ltd. has proposed to construct a flyover replacing the gate. The proposed flyover, covering 386.26 Meters including railway span would fit in the rationale for public purpose as the project is likely to reduce travelling time, traffic, pollution and energy consumption; and ensures a safer transportation through the region.

The requiring body has considered three design options and opted the option which has a minimal project cost. However, the proposed design itself will displace 5 families and 26 families in total are to be affected directly.

The district authorities have estimated that 83.60 Ares (Approximate) of land comprising of private as well as public land would be required for the project. As per the Government Order dated 15-02-2019 by District Collector, Kollam, 8 plots in Block No. 26 having Survey Nos.- 379, 383, 171, 382, 381, 77, 181,

and 180 are identified to be acquired.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 83

The nature of impact varies from one to another. The project will displace Five (5) families whose residential buildings will be affected. The SIA study reveals that Twenty Six (26) families will be directly affected as their land/building lay in the alignment for the project. Besides, farming and commercial activities etc. will also be affected causing adverse impact on the livelihood of the people. Most of the affected families have been residing in the region for a long time and the emotional attachment to the region should also be considered appropriately during rehabilitation and resettlement. Fair compensation and R & R Package based on RFCTLAR&R Act, 2013 is expected to cover major risks through its mitigation measures. Further, the affected persons in general are positive on the benefit of the proposed flyover as it is expected to reduce traffic, improve connectivity with other locations and is likely to result in appreciation of commercial value for land and other assets.

11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or not.

Based on the analysis and assessment of the positive and negative impacts of the project of constructing Mayyanad ROB at Mayyanad Village in Kollam District, SIA Team recommends the project to implement with minimal impact with the affected families. The project is expected to improve quality of living in the region especially on transportation and the same is empathised by the affected persons despite the negative impact the project leaves. The following

are recommended to mitigate the impact.

 Compensation for the land owners as per the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 and Kerala Rules 2015.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 84

 Resettlement and Rehabilitation procedure as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLAR&R Act 2013.  For avoiding residential problems of the families timely rehabilitation shall be taken for the affected houses.  Rehabilitation measures will be taken before the evacuation of the shops to not cause more impact on the livelihood of families.  The resettlement of the basic facilities like toilet, septic tank, well etc. will be ensured without causing inconvenience to the families.  Ensure that the functioning of the shops which are not included or partially included in acquisition is not hindering during the project construction period. Otherwise consider for compensation for the affected livelihood during the construction period.  Timely measures should be taken to rebuild the affected portion of Vellamanal Govt. Higher Secondary School.  Take possible measures to recreate income source for the directly and indirectly affected persons or provide legal compensation  Distribute saplings and take initiatives to plant trees to safeguard the environment.  Safety of the people while constructing the flyover and healthy disposal of wastages which may arise out of construction should be ensured.

Land Acquisition for the Construction of ROB in Mayyanad in Kollam District 85

References

1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 2. Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules 2015. 3. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for acquisition of Land in the State in lieu of RFCTLAAR Act, 2013 G.O. (Ms) No. 448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017and G.O. (Ms) No. 485/2015/RD dated 23/09/2015 4. www.rbdck.com

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