Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1990-2001

CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE 1990-2001

- Machine readable Codebook -

Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung an der Universität zu Köln Bachemer Str. 40 D-50931 K öln E-mail: [email protected] Study_No. ZA4054 Internet: http://www.gesis.org/za Inter ZA4054 Seite 2 von 275

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION:

Titel: Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1990-2001

ZA-Study-Number: ZA4054

Producer: Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung=Central Archive for Empirical Social Reserach - Universität zu Köln=University of Cologne

Place of Production: Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung an der Universität zu Köln Bachemer Str. 40 D-50931 Köln Germany

Series: Post-Communist Publics Study (PCP)

Bibliographic Reference: Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1998-2001: A Fifteen Country Study (Continuation of the 1990-92 Post-Communist Publics Study in Eleven Countries) coordinated by Edeltraud Roller, Dieter Fuchs, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Bernhard Wessels (Social Science Research Center Berlin, WZB), and János Simon (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest). Machine readable codebook.

Guide to Documentation: NOTE: The questionnaire used in the second wave is not completely identical with the one used in the first data collection. Please find an overview of matching/differing variables in the attachment (Other Study Material, file "overview_var_wav.pdf"). Some variables have been generated after the data collection (v4, v310-v313, v317-v321, v609, v610, v581, v582, v592, v612, v630, v632). The description of the procedure is given with the respective variable and/or in the attachment (Other Study Materials, files: "V632_SizeCommunity.pdf", "V592_Education.pdf"). Also note that there was no value coded as 8 "DK", 98 "DK", etc. throughout the 1st wave. Abbreviations used in the dataset: COUNTRIES: BE - Belarus, BG - Bulgaria, CZ - Czech Republic, ES - Estonia, E-GE - East Germany, W-GE - West Germany, GE - Germany, HU - Hungary, LV - Latvia, LT - Lithuania, PL - Poland, RO - Romania, RU - Russia, SK - Slovakia, SL - Slovenia, UA - Ukraine, KR - Krasnoyarsk; WAVE: W1 - 1st wave, W2 - 2nd wave; VALUE LABELS: NAP - Not applicable (filter); NAV - Not available (data not collected in a certain wave/country); Other c. - Other country (data not collected in certain countries);

Documentation status: Finished

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STUDY DESCRIPTION:

Title: Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1990-2001

Subtitle: Cumulation of the Post-communist Publics Study (PCP) I (1990-1992) and II (1997-2001)

ZA-Study-Number: ZA4054

Distributer: Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung=Central Archive for Empirical Social Reserach - Universität zu Köln=University of Cologne www.gesis.org/za

Depositor: Prof. Edeltraud Roller

Principal Investigators: David Rotman, Belarus Sociological Service "Public Opinion", Minsk (Belarus); Andrei Raychev and Kancho Stoychev, BBSS Gallup International, Sofia, (Bulgaria); J. Hartl, Institute of Sociology, Prague (Czechoslovakia); J. Misovic, IVVM - Public Institute for Public Opinion Research, Prague (Czechoslovakia); Zdenka Mansfeldova, Institute of Sociology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague; (Czech Republic); Andrus Saar, Saar Poll Ltd., Tallinn (Estonia); Dieter Fuchs, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Edeltraud Roller, Bernhard Wessels, Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB) (Germany); L. Bruszt, Institute of Political Science, Central European University, Budapest (Hungary); János Simon, Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary); Ilze Koroleva, Foundation for Advancement of Sociological Studies (FASS), Riga (Latvia); E. Staneika and E.-K. Sviklas, Lithuanian Center of National Research, Vilnius (Lithuania); Rasa Alisauskiene, Baltic Surveys - Gallup, Vilnius (Lithuania); R. Siemienska-Zochowska, Institute of Sociology, University of Warsaw (Poland); Radoslaw Markowski, Institute of Political Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland); Krzysztof Zagórski, CBOS (Public Opinion Research Center), Warsaw (Poland); P. Campeanu, Central Independent de Studii Social si Sondaje, Bucharest (Romania); Ioan Marginean, Institute for the Quality of Life, Bucharest, (Romania); V. Nemirovsky, Social Research Center, Krasnoyarsk State University (Russia); Yuri Levada and Lev Gudkov, VCIOM (The Russian Centre for Public Opinion and Market Research), Moscow (Russia); Niko Tos, Faculty of Social Sciences, Public Opinion Research Centre, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana (Slovenia); I. Burov, Kiev (Ukraine); Nikolay Churilov, SOCIS - Ukraine Gallup International, Kiev (Ukraine); Olga Balakireva, Ukrainian Institute for Social Research, Kiev (Ukraine); Y. Golovaha, J. N. Pakhomov, Institute of Sociology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev (Ukraine) N. Panina, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine);

Funding Agencies: German Research Foundation, Bonn BMW, Center for German and Eurpean Studies, Georgtown University, Washington Foundation of German-Polish Co-operation, Warsaw German Press and Information Office, Berlin Social Science Research Center Berlin

ZA-Category: Political attitudes and behaviour

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Content/Topics: Content: Current state of the democratic consolidation in the newly implemented democracies. Topics: Political activities: discussions, convince friends, work in community, political meeting, contact politicians, work for party; meaning of democracy; democracy best form of government; democracy in (country) best; respect for individual human rights; importance of freedom and equality; Left-Right self placement; meaning of "Left" and "Right; membership in organisations and political parties; satisfaction with democracy; tolerance against: minority opinion, extremist demonstrations, free speech, too much freedom, critics on the way of life, right to own opinion, foreign critics; free market economy: right/wrong for country; satisfaction with free market; economic situation during present government, next year and compared to the socialist/communist regime; country's economic situation during present government, next year and compared to the socialist/communist regime; conditions of workers, peasants, middle class, entrepreneurs during present government and compared to the socialist/communist regime; corruption during present government; public safety during present government, next year and compared to the socialist/communist regime; income differences right/wrong; one's own financial situation compared to that of parents and neighbours; speed of change; satisfaction with present government and with the socialist/communist regime; communism good idea; better performance in: education, economy, poverty, black market, inflation, unemployment, public security, participation, corruption, public health, representation of interests, crime; pride in citizenship; pride to live in country; citizenship; women care of house; accept homosexuals; abortion; trust in institutions; medical care: self/governmental; income limits; government protects citizens; ecology vs. economy; conflicts: rich/poor, law-abiding/-breaker, speak language/not; (in Germany: conflicts between East/West), left/right, young/old, church moral/not, nationalists/others; police force against demonstrators; sentence against protestors, law against demonstrators, troops against strikes; big interests vs. all the people; trust in government; election best way to choose government; need for parliament; vote in last parliamentary election; vote intention; government responsible for providing job, health care, living standard for old and unemployed people, reduce income differences; governmental priorities; actions against bad governmental and local decisions; living conditions in western country; democracy in country: needs western development, never consolidated, same as in western countries, consolidation difficult process, notyet accomplished; Russia: country has own, difficult way; democracy problem will be solved; national political situation; change in political situation; state of democracy; parties: need of parties, no difference between parties, provide participation, for leaders' interests; development since the end of the socialist/communist regime; characteristics of capitalist and socialist economy: strike, freedom, inequality, technical progress, wealth, selfishness, power, profit, justice, scarcity, humane, progress, planning, efficacy, repress, corruption; capitalist economy best; capitalist economy solves problems; management of industrial enterprises; close to party; political protest; one-person vs. multi-person system; interest in government; politicians against peoples' interference; everybody can have say; better not get involved in politics; no trust in politicians; politicians seek views of people; people excl from power; make fortune get in politics; politicians only interested when trouble; participation is duty; satisfaction with changes: workers, engineers, artists, scientists, clerks, peasants, miners, entrepreneurs, politicians, army officers, policemen, leaders communist party; country where the living is better, better equality, people greater influence; importance in life: everybody voice in public matters, work for all, equality, everybody well-off, no arbitrary will, no big income differences, no state interference, live without worries, rest/entertain, free organisations, free speech, learn/access to culture; partner work outside; partner work full-/part-time; religion at birth; degree of religiosity; main language; in Russia: nationality; since when in neighbourhood; relations with neighbours; paid for work; reasons for not being paid; work full-/part- time; monthly income compared to average; percent of savings; one's own social class and that of the parents; entrepreneur in family; family produce agricultural goods; easy replacement for job; work overtime/extra work; income of extra work; region; Germany: size of household and persons over 18 years, East-West socialization; weighting.

Name of the Series: Post-communist Publics Study (PCP)

About this Series: The main goal of the comparative research project on "Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe" is to analyze the current state of consolidation of the newly implemented democracies in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. A key criteria for evaluating democratic consolidation is the emergence of a political culture which is congruent to the created democratic structures. After a decade of personal experience with the new political and economic systems, the most interesting question refers to the effects of this specific experience on the formation of the political culture. The following topics will be analyzed in particular: - How do citizens evaluate the political and economic development in their own countries and do these evaluations affect their basic attitudes towards democracy and market economy? - How does socialization in a state-socialist system affect current attitudes towards democracy and market economy? - What are the differences in political culture between former state-socialist countries and countries in Western Europe? - How did the political culture in Central and Eastern Europe change since the early 1990s after a decade of experience with the actual functioning of the new political and economic systems? What future trends can be determined? The database of the project consists of representative population surveys (18 ZA4054 Seite 5 von 275 years and older) that have been conducted by national research teams in fourteen Central and Eastern European countries (including East Germany) between 1998 and 2001. Additionally, the survey has been carried out in West Germany. The research project is coordinated by Edeltraud Roller, Dieter Fuchs, Hans- Dieter Klingemann, Bernhard Wessels (Social Science Research Center Berlin, WZB), and János Simon (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest). Already in 1990-92 comparable data have been collected in eleven Central and Eastern European countries. These countries are Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Ukraine, Central Russia (Krasznojarszk), and East Germany (where the survey was conducted in 1992). This offers an opportunity for cross-time comparison. The 1990-92 data have been collected by the comparative research project "Post-Communist Publics" coordinated by László Bruszt (Central European University, Budapest) and János Simon (Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest). The data are distributed by the Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung der Universität zu Köln under the ZA study number ZA3218 ("The Post-communist Citizen 1990-1992"). Results of the first wave of the Post-Communist Publics Study were published in the book "The Postcommunist Citizen" edited by Samuel H. Barnes and János Simon (Budapest: Erasmus Foundation and the Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1998).

Bibliographic Reference: Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe 1990-2001. Cumulative Data from a fifteen country study in 1997-2001 and the 1990-92 Post-Communist Publics Study in eleven countries coordinated by Edeltraud Roller, Dieter Fuchs, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Bernhard Wessels (Social Science Research Center Berlin, WZB), and János Simon (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest).

Participating Countries: Belarus (BE) Bulgaria (BG) Czech Republic (CZ) Estonia (ES) East Germany (E-GE) West Germany (W-GE) Hungary (HU) Latvia (LV) Lithuania (LT) Poland (PL) Romania (RO) Russia (RU) Slovakia (SK) Slovenia (SL) Ukraine (UA) Krasnoyarsk (KR)

Universe: Research area: First wave: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak Republic), Estonia, East Germany, Hungary, Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Ukraine. Second wave: Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, East Germany, West Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine. First wave: The adult residents aged 18 and older living in permanent residence. Czechoslovakia: Quota sampling (age, education and economic status) Slovenia: Three stage systematic sample with random start. Second wave: Representative sample of the population 18+ years of age.

Date of Collection: June 1990 to November 1992 February 1998 to September 2001

Data Collectors: Belarus Sociological Service "Public Opinion", Minsk, Belarus; BBSS Gallup International, Sofia; Bulgaria; Institute of Sociology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Saar Poll Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia; Infratest dimap Berlin, Germany; L. Bruszt, Institute of Political Science, Central European University, Budapest, and J. Simon, Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Foundation for Advancement of Sociological Studies (FASS), Riga, Latvia; E. Staneika and E.-K. Sviklas, Lithuanian Center of National Research, Vilnius, Lithuania Baltic Surveys - Gallup, Vilnius, Lithuania; ZA4054 Seite 6 von 275

R. Siemienska-Zochowska, Institute of Sociology, University of Warsaw, Poland CBOS - Public Opinion Research Center, Warsaw, Poland; Institute for the Quality of Life, Bucharest, Romania; V. Nemirovsky, Social Research Center, Krasnoyarsk State University, Russia VCIOM - The Russian Centre for Public Opinion and Market Research, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Public Affairs, Bratislava, Slovakia; CJMMK - Center of Public Opinion and Mass Communication Research at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; SOCIS - Ukraine Gallup International, Kiev, Ukraine

Frequency of Data Collection: Data was collected twice: for the first time between 1990 and 1992 and for the second time between 1998 and 2001.

Sampling Procedure: First wave: Representative sample of residents aged 18 and older living in permanent residence. Czechoslovakia: Quota sampling (age, education and economic status) Slovenia: Three stage systematic sample with random start. Second wave: Representative sample of the population 18+ years of age.

Collection Method: Personal interview with standardized questionnaire.

Research Instrument: Basic core questionnaire in English. Structured questionnaires in the native language of the participating countries: Belarus: Belarusian, Russian Bulgaria: Bulgarian Czech Republic: Czech Estonia: Estonian, Russian East Germany: German West Germany: German Hungary: Hungarian Latvia: Latvian, Russian Lithuania: Lithuanian, Russian Poland: Polish Romania: Romanian Krasnojarsk: Russian Russia: Russian Slovakia: Slovak Slovenia: Slovenian Ukraine: Ukrainian, Russian

Analytical Unit: Individuals

Kind of Data: Cumulated survey data.

Further Remarks: Field work period first wave: Bulgaria: June 1990 Czechoslovakia: October-November 1990 Estonia: June 1991 East Germany: November 1992 Hungary: November 1990 Russia: January 1991 Lithuania: July 1991 Poland: January 1991 Romania: December 1990 Slovenia: May-June 1991 Ukraine: January 1991 Field work period second wave: Belarus: September to October 1998 Bulgaria: 1999 Czech Republic: February 2001 Estonia: November to December 2001 East Germany: October to November 2000 West Germany: October to November 2000 Hungary: May 1999 Latvia: September 1998 Lithuania: September 2001 Poland: March 2000 Romania: March to May 1998 Russia: February to March 1998 Slovakia: February 2001 Slovenia: May to September 1999 Ukraine: November to December 1998 The 28926 cases of the data set are distributed among the individual countries and years as follows: Belarus: 1000 (2. wave) Bulgaria: 1074 (1. wave); 1021 (2. wave) Czech Republic: 1003(1. wave); 1004 (2. wave) Estonia: 943 (1.wave); 1000 (2.wave) East Germany: 1087 (1. wave); 1013 (2. wave) West Germany: 1022 (2. wave) Hungary: 1277 (1. wave); 1086 (2. wave) Latvia: 1099 (2. wave) Lithuania: 918 (1. wave); 1005 (2. wave) Poland: 919 (1. wave); 1369 (2. wave) Romania: 1234 (1. wave); 1208 (2. wave) Krasnojarsk 1485 (1. wave) Russia: 1500 (2. wave) Slovakia: 1033 (2. wave) Slovenia: 686 (1.wave); 1001 (2. wave) Ukraine: 1739 (1.wave); 1200 (2. wave)

Weighting Wave 2: To adjust the Bulgarian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish and Russian sample a weighting factor is provided. For Germany there or two weighting factors : 1. for the overall analysis of german data and 2. for the separate analysis of East and West Germany.

Data Access: Category A (data and documents are released for academic research and teaching)

Related Publications: Results of the first wave of the Post-Communist Publics Study were published in the book "The Postcommunist Citizen" edited by Samuel H. Barnes and János Simon (Budapest: Erasmus Foundation and ZA4054 Seite 7 von 275 the Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1998). Related Publication: The Postcommunist Citizen

FILE DESCRIPTION:

Overall Case Count: 28926 Overall Variable Count: 670 Type of File: SPSS, NSDstat

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VARIABLE DESCRIPTION:

V1 ZA STUDY NUMBER

Decimals: 0 Missing values:

Question: ZA Study number.

Value Label 4054 . 4054

V2 ID NUMBER

Decimals: 0 Missing values:

Question: ID number.

Value Label

V3 COUNTRY

Decimals: 0 Missing values:

Question: Country.

Value Label 1 . Belarus 2 . Bulgaria 3 . Czech Republic 4 . Estonia 5 . East Germany 6 . West Germany 7 . Hungary 8 . Latvia 9 . Lithuania 10 . Poland 11 . Romania 12 . Russia 13 . Slovakia 14 . Slovenia 15 . Ukraine 16 . Krasnoyarsk

Further Information: "Czech Republic" contains the sample drawn in the Czech Republic 2001 and the Czech part of the Czechoslovak sample drawn in 1990. The same applies to "Slovakia". ZA4054 Seite 9 von 275

V4 WAVE

Decimals: 0 Missing values:

Question: Wave in which data was collected.

Value Label 1 . W1 2 . W2

Further Information: W1: Data collected during the first wave of the Post-Communist Publics Study between June 1990 and November 1992. W2: Data collected during the second wave of the Post-Communist Publics Study between February 1998 and February 2001.

V5 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: NEWSPAPER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Some people do quite a lot in politics while others find they haven't the time or perhaps the interest to participate in political activities. I'll read to you briefly some of the things that people do and I would like you to tell me how often you do each of them. How often do you read about politics in the newspaper?

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) 2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V6 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: DISCUSSING

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) 2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA ZA4054 Seite 10 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V7 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: CONVINCE FRIENDS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) 2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V8 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: WORK IN COMMUNITY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) 2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V9 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: POLITICAL MEETING

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) ZA4054 Seite 11 von 275

2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V10 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: CONTACT POLITICIANS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) 2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V11 POLITICAL ACTIVITY: WORK FOR PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Often (Very often - UA, W2) 2 . Sometimes (Often - UA, W2) 3 . Seldom 4 . Never (Practically n. - UA, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V12 TIME WATCHING NEWS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: How many days in the past week did you watch the news on television?

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Value Label 1 . 1 day 2 . 2 days 3 . 3 days 4 . 4 days 5 . 5 days 6 . 6 days 7 . Every day 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V13 ATTENTION PAID TO TV

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: How much attention did you pay to television news about politics?

Value Label 1 . Great deal 2 . Quite a bit 3 . Some 4 . Very little 5 . None 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V14 DAYS READ DAILY NEWSPAPER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: How many days in the past week did you read a daily newspaper?

Value Label 1 . 1 day 2 . 2 days 3 . 3 days 4 . 4 days 5 . 5 days 6 . 6 days 7 . Every day 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V15 ATTENTION PAID TO NEWSPAPER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ; ZA4054 Seite 13 von 275

Question: How much attention did you pay to newspaper articles about politics?

Value Label 1 . Great deal 2 . Quite a bit 3 . Some 4 . Very little 5 . None 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V16 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: FREEDOM

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention: - Freedom (basic rights).

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Freedom (basic rights)" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: freedom, free life; freedom of speech, of criticism; expressing opinions without fear or reprisal; freedom of the press, openness; freedom of activity; everybody can do what he wants to do; freedom of entrepreneurship; freedom of religion and belief; moral freedom; independence of the country; to live without the Russian; Freedom of travel;

V17 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: PARTICIPATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Participation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Participation" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: indirect/direct participation; input in decisions; paying attention to opinions; people's power, people's government, people's will; workers' power, paying attention to workers' interests; they listen to opinions; they take opinions into account in decisions; paying attention to interests;

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V18 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: SOC. ECON. DEMOCRACY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Social and economic democracy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Social and Economic Democracy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: equality, just distribution of goods; general welfare, social security; higher wages, secure means of living; normal material circumstances, just wages; jobs, unemployment; eight hour work, eight hour rest; social pact, social partnership, price rises, misery, poverty; improving the economic situation, better maintenance;

V19 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: PARTIES, ELECTIONS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Parties, elections.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Parties, elections" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: political pluralism; multi-party system, competitive parties; free elections, elected government; franchise, possibility to stand for elections; parliamentary government with elected representatives; leaders elected from below; replaceable, recallable politicians; secret and multi- candidate elections; no electoral duty;

V20 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: LEGAL-INSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Legal-institutional democracy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK ZA4054 Seite 15 von 275

9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Legal-institutional democracy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: constitutional state, legal protection; respecting human rights; protection of workers' rights; ensemble of rights and duties; equality before the law; equality of rights; protection of minorities and ethnic groups, racial equality; respect of the law; right to strike, right to demonstrate;

V21 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: VALUES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Values" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: community life; tolerance, agreement, dialogue; peace, tranquillity, progress; life without fear; progress, development, transition; better understanding of another; respectful attitude; work discipline;

V22 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: EMOTIONS, ATTITUDES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Emotions, attitudes.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Emotions, attitudes" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: Good, better, bad, worse; pretty word, empty speech; nothing, the big zero, complete failure; lots of promises, what we want; joy, sorrow and melancholy; desire, utopia, disillusion;

V23 MEANING OF DEMOCRACY: OTHER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 1st mention - Other. ZA4054 Seite 16 von 275

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the first answer as "Other" only, if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes! e.g. America, Switzerland, Austria; communist period, capitalist period; end of communists, the capitalists are coming; dictatorship of the elite; the past, the present, the future; a story, I would be right sometimes too, not just my wife;

V24 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - DEM: FREEDOM (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Freedom (basic rights).

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Freedom (basic rights)" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: freedom, free life; freedom of speech, of criticism; expressing opinions without fear or reprisal; freedom of the press, openness; freedom of activity; everybody can do what he wants to do; freedom of entrepreneurship; freedom of religion and belief; moral freedom; independence of the country; to live without the Russian; Freedom of travel;

V25 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU -DEM: PARTICIPATION (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Participation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Participation" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: indirect/direct participation; input in decisions; paying attention to opinions; people's power, people's government, people's will; workers' power, paying attention to workers' interests; they listen to opinions; they take opinions into account in decisions; paying attention to interests;

V26 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU -DEM: SOC ECON. DEM. (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 17 von 275

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Social and economic democracy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Social and Economic Democracy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: equality, just distribution of goods; general welfare, social security; higher wages, secure means of living; normal material circumstances, just wages; jobs, unemployment; eight hour work, eight hour rest; social pact, social partnership, price rises, misery, poverty; improving the economic situation, better maintenance;

V27 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU -DEM: PARTIES, ELECTIONS (2ND MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Parties, elections.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Parties, elections" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: political pluralism; multi-party system, competitive parties; free elections, elected government; franchise, possibility to stand for elections; parliamentary government with elected representatives; leaders elected from below; replaceable, recallable politicians; secret and multi- candidate elections; no electoral duty;

V28 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - DEM: LEGAL-INSTITUTIONAL DEM. (2ND MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Legal-institutional democracy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Legal-institutional democracy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: constitutional state, legal protection; respecting human rights; protection of workers' rights; ensemble of rights and duties; equality before the law; equality of rights; protection of minorities and ethnic groups, racial equality; respect of the law; right to strike, right to demonstrate;

V29 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - DEM: VALUES (2ND MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Values" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: community life; tolerance, agreement, dialogue; peace, tranquillity, progress; life without fear; progress, development, transition; better understanding of another; respectful attitude; work discipline;

V30 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - DEM: EMOTIONS, ATTITUDES (2ND MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Emotions, attitudes.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Emotions, attitudes" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: Good, better, bad, worse; pretty word, empty speech; nothing, the big zero, complete failure; lots of promises, what we want; joy, sorrow and melancholy; desire, utopia, disillusion;

V31 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - DEM: OTHER (2ND MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 2nd mention - Other.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the second answer as "Other" only, if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes! e.g. America, Switzerland, Austria; communist period, capitalist period; end of communists, the capitalists are coming; dictatorship of the elite; the past, the present, the future; a story, I would be right sometimes too, not just my wife;

V32 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: FREEDOM (3RD MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Freedom (basic rights).

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Freedom (basic rights)" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: freedom, free life; freedom of speech, of criticism; expressing opinions without fear or reprisal; freedom of the press, openness; freedom of activity; everybody can do what he wants to do; freedom of entrepreneurship; freedom of religion and belief; moral freedom; independence of the country; to live without the Russian; Freedom of travel;

V33 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: PARTICIPATION (3RD MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Participation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Participation" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: indirect/direct participation; input in decisions; paying attention to opinions; people's power, people's government, people's will; workers' power, paying attention to workers' interests; they listen to opinions; they take opinions into account in decisions; paying attention to interests;

V34 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: SOC. ECON. DEM. (3RD MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Social and economic democracy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Social and Economic Democracy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: equality, just distribution of goods; general welfare, social security; higher wages, secure means of living; normal material circumstances, just wages; jobs, unemployment; eight hour work, eight hour rest; social pact, social partnership, price rises, misery, poverty; improving the economic situation, better maintenance;

V35 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: PARTIES, ELECTIONS (3RD MENTION)

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Missing values: 0 ;

Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Parties, elections.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Parties, elections" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: e.g. political pluralism; multi-party system, competitive parties; free elections, elected government; franchise, possibility to stand for elections; parliamentary government with elected representatives; leaders elected from below; replaceable, recallable politicians; secret and multi- candidate elections; no electoral duty;

V36 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: LEGAL-INSTITUTIONAL DEM. (3RD MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Legal-institutional democracy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Legal-institutional democracy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: constitutional state, legal protection; respecting human rights; protection of workers' rights; ensemble of rights and duties; equality before the law; equality of rights; protection of minorities and ethnic groups, racial equality; respect of the law; right to strike, right to demonstrate;

V37 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: VALUES (3RD MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Values" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: community life; tolerance, agreement, dialogue; peace, tranquillity, progress; life without fear; progress, development, transition; better understanding of another; respectful attitude; work discipline;

V38 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: EMOTIONS, ATTITUDES (3RD MENTION) ZA4054 Seite 21 von 275

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Emotions, attitudes.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Emotions, attitudes" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: Good, better, bad, worse; pretty word, empty speech; nothing, the big zero, complete failure; lots of promises, what we want; joy, sorrow and melancholy; desire, utopia, disillusion;

V39 BE, ES, LT, RU - DEM: OTHER (3RD MENTION)

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy? 3rd mention - Other.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Additionally, code the third answer as "Other" only, if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes! e.g. America, Switzerland, Austria; communist period, capitalist period; end of communists, the capitalists are coming; dictatorship of the elite; the past, the present, the future; a story, I would be right sometimes too, not just my wife;

V40 DEMOCRACY BEST FORM OF GOVERNMENT

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Question: Do you believe that democracy is the best form of government or is there another form of government which is better?

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . Undecided 3 . Other better 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "undecided".

V41 DEMOCRACY IN (COUNTRY) BEST ZA4054 Seite 22 von 275

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Question: Do you believe that the democracy that we have in ______(country e.g. Hungary) is the best form of government or is there another form of government which is better?

Value Label 1 . In (COUNTRY) best 2 . Undecided 3 . Other better 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "undecided".

V42 INDIVIDUAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN (COUNTRY)

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Question: How much respect is there for individual human rights nowadays in ______(country)? Do you feel there is ...

Value Label 1 . A lot of respect 2 . Some respect 3 . Not much respect 4 . No respect at all 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V43 IMPORTANCE FREEDOM/EQUALITY

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Question: Which of these two statements comes closest to your own opinion? 1 - I find that both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider personal freedom more important, that is, everyone can live in freedom and develop without hinderance. 2 - Certainly both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider equality more important, that is, that nobody is underprivileged and that social class differences are not so strong.

Value Label 1 . Freedom 2 . Neither 3 . Equality 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__

ZA4054 Seite 23 von 275

V44 LEFT-RIGHT SCALE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Many people think of political attitudes as being on the "left" or the "right". This is a scale stretching from the "left" to the "right". When you think of your own political attitudes, where would you put yourself? Please mark the scale in the box "X".

Value Label 1 . Left 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Right 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__. (The scale presented to the respondent should not contain any numbers)

V45 MEANING LEFT: GENERAL VALUES

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Values: general values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Values: general values" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: freedom, equality, equity, social justice;

V46 MEANING LEFT: ATTITUDES AND TRAITS

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Values: attitudes and traits.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No ZA4054 Seite 24 von 275

0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Values: attitudes and traits" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: humanist, honest, reliable; egoist, aggressive, not prepared to compromise; critical, moderate;

V47 MEANING LEFT: SOCIAL CHANGE

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Values: social change values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Values: social change values" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: radical, traditionalist, progressive, reactionary;

V48 MEANING LEFT: IDEOLOGIES AND IDEAS

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Ideologies and ideas.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Ideologies and ideas" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: communist, marxist, socialist, conservative, christian, liberal, fascist, nationalist, chauvinist, ideas in general, other ideas or ideologies;

V49 MEANING LEFT: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Relation to the power: forms of government.

Value Label 1 . Yes ZA4054 Seite 25 von 275

2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Relation to the power: forms of government" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: democracy, democratic, dictatorship, dictatorial, authoritarian, non-democratic;

V50 MEANING LEFT: RELATION TO GOVERNMENT

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Relation to the power: relation to the government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Relation to the power: relation to the government" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: government, support for government; opposition, support for opposition;

V51 MEANING LEFT: REGIMES

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Relation to the power: regimes, systems.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Relation to the power: regimes, systems" if, for example, one of the following is actual regime; previous communist regime, old regime; capitalist system, communist system;

V52 MEANING LEFT: PARTIES

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Parties.

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 26 von 275

1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Parties" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: liberal parties, socialist parties, conservative parties, other specific parties, governing parties, opposition parties) 50 - Economy (e.g. state property; (private) property; market, money, entrepreneurs) 60 - Representation of interests (e.g. individual, minorities, workers; the people, the community, the nation; the poor, the rich, capitalist; other specific groups) 70 - International relations (e.g. West, East; Moscow, Washington; imperialism, others) 80 - General evaluation (e.g. good, better; bad, worse; negative evaluation; positive evaluation) 90 - Others (Use only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes) 98 - DK 99 - NA

V53 MEANING LEFT: ECONOMY

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Economy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Economy" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: state property; (private) property; market, money, entrepreneurs;

V54 MEANING LEFT: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Representation of interests" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: individual, minorities, workers; the people, the community, the nation; the poor, the rich, capitalist; other specific groups;

V55 MEANING LEFT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - International relations.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "International relations" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: West, East; Moscow, Washington; imperialism, others;

V56 MEANING LEFT: GENERAL EVALUATION

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - General evaluation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "General evaluation" if, for example, one of the following is mentioned: good, better; bad, worse; negative evaluation; positive evaluation;

V57 MEANING LEFT: OTHERS

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 1st mention - Others.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Others" only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes.

V58 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: GENERAL VALUES (2ND MENTION)

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Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Values: general values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V59 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: ATTITUDES AND TRAITS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Values: attitudes and traits.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V60 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: SOCIAL CHANGE (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Values: social change values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V61 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: IDEOLOGY AND IDEAS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Ideologies and ideas.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No ZA4054 Seite 29 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V62 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Relation to the power: forms of government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V63 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: RELATION TO GOVERNMENT (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Relation to the power: relation to the government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V64 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: REGIMES (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Relation to the power: regimes, systems.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

ZA4054 Seite 30 von 275

V65 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: PARTIES (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Parties.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V66 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: ECONOMY (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Economy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V67 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V68 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 31 von 275

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - International relations.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V69 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: GENERAL EVALUATION (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - General evaluation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V70 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - LEFT: OTHERS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 2nd mention - Others.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Others" only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes.

V71 LT, RU - LEFT: GENERAL VALUES (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Values: general values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention) ZA4054 Seite 32 von 275

V72 LT, RU - LEFT: ATTITUDES AND TRAITS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Values: attitudes and traits.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V73 LT, RU - LEFT: SOCIAL CHANGE (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Values: social change values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V74 LT, RU - LEFT: IDEOLOGY (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Ideologies and ideas.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

ZA4054 Seite 33 von 275

V75 LT, RU - LEFT: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Relation to the power: forms of government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V76 LT, RU - LEFT: RELATION TO GOVERNMENT (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Relation to the power: relation to the government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V77 LT, RU - LEFT: REGIMES (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Relation to the power: regimes, systems.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V78 LT, RU - LEFT: PARTIES (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 34 von 275

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Parties.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V79 LT, RU - LEFT: ECONOMY (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Economy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V80 LT, RU - LEFT: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V81 LT, RU - LEFT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - International relations.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No ZA4054 Seite 35 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V82 LT, RU - LEFT: GENERAL EVALUATION (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - General evaluation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V83 LT, RU - LEFT: OTHERS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "left" in politics? 3rd mention - Others.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Others" only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes.

V84 MEANING RIGHT: GENERAL VALUES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Values: general values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 36 von 275

V85 MEANING RIGHT: ATTITUDES AND TRAITS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Values: attitudes and traits.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V86 MEANING RIGHT: SOCIAL CHANGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Values: social change values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V87 MEANING RIGHT: IDEOLOGIES AND IDEAS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Ideologies and ideas.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 37 von 275

V88 MEANING RIGHT: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Relation to the power: forms of government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V89 MEANING RIGHT: RELATION TO GOVERNMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Relation to the power: relation to the government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V90 MEANING RIGHT: REGIMES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Relation to the power: regimes, systems.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 38 von 275

V91 MEANING RIGHT: PARTIES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Parties.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V92 MEANING RIGHT: ECONOMY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Economy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V93 MEANING RIGHT: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 39 von 275

V94 MEANING RIGHT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - International relations.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V95 MEANING RIGHT: GENERAL EVALUATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - General evaluation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V96 MEANING RIGHT: OTHERS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 1st mention - Others.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Others" only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes.

ZA4054 Seite 40 von 275

V97 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: GENERAL VALUES (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Values: general values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V98 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: ATTITUDES AND TRAITS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Values: attitudes and traits.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V99 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: SOCIAL CHANGE (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Values: social change values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V100 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: IDEOLOGY AND IDEAS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 41 von 275

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Ideologies and ideas.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V101 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Relation to the power: forms of government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V102 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: RELATION TO GOVERNMENT (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Relation to the power: relation to the government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V103 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: REGIMES (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Relation to the power: regimes, systems.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No ZA4054 Seite 42 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V104 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: PARTIES (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Parties.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V105 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: ECONOMY (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Economy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V106 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

ZA4054 Seite 43 von 275

V107 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - International relations.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V108 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: GENERAL EVALUATION (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - General evaluation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

V109 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - RIGHT: OTHERS (2ND MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 2nd mention - Others.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 2nd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Others" only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes.

V110 LT, RU - RIGHT: GENERAL VALUES (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 44 von 275

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Values: general values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V111 LT, RU - RIGHT: ATTITUDES AND TRAITS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Values: attitudes and traits.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V112 LT, RU - RIGHT: SOCIAL CHANGE (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Values: social change values.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V113 LT, RU - RIGHT: IDEOLOGIES AND IDEAS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Ideologies and ideas.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

ZA4054 Seite 45 von 275

V114 LT, RU - RIGHT: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Relation to the power: forms of government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V115 LT, RU - RIGHT: RELATION TO GOVERNMENT (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Relation to the power: relation to the government.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V116 LT, RU - RIGHT: REGIMES (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Relation to the power: regimes, systems.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

ZA4054 Seite 46 von 275

V117 LT, RU - RIGHT: PARTIES (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Parties.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V118 LT, RU - RIGHT: ECONOMY (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Economy.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V119 LT, RU- RIGHT: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V120 LT, RU - RIGHT: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 47 von 275

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - International relations.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V121 LT, RU - RIGHT: GENERAL EVALUATION (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - General evaluation.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

V122 LT, RU - RIGHT: OTHERS (3RD MENTION)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What do you mean by "right" in politics? 3rd mention - Others.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (No 3rd mention)

Interviewer-Instruction: (Open question) Record exactly:______. Aditionally, code as "Others" only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes.

V123 MEMBER: ASSOCIATION, CLUB

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Are you a member of any organization that appear on this list? (W1) Now I am going to read off a list of organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are a member or not? (W2) Free time association, club.

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No ZA4054 Seite 48 von 275

8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V124 MEMBER: LOCAL ASSOCIATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V125 MEMBER: POLITICAL PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: If yes, ask which party: ______

V126 BE - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

10 . BRP Belar. Party of Labour 11 . BPP Belar. Patriotic Party 12 . BRepP Belar. Republican Party 13 . BSDG Belar. Soc.-Democr. Gramada 14 . BSDPNG Belar. Soc.-Democr. Party 'People's Gramada' 15 . BSP Belar. Socialist Party 16 . BSSP Belar. Social-Sports Party 17 . BKhDP Belar. Christ.-Democr. Party 18 . BEP Belar. Ecol. Party 19 . NFBA 'Belar. People Front 'Adradzhennie' 20 . Belarusian Christ.-Democr. Union 21 . BDZN Movmt. to Defence of People 22 . DDSPS Movmt. for Democr., Soc. Progr. and Justice 23 . ZKhDD Women's Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 24 . KPB Communist Party of Belarus 25 . LDP Liberal-Democr. Party of Belarus 26 . NPV People's Party 'Vozrozhdenie' 27 . NDPB Nat.-Democr. Party of Belarussians 28 . OGP United Civic Party of Belarus 29 . PZS Party of Common Sense 30 . PKB Party of Communists of Belarus 31 . PDBZh Pol. Movmt. 'Belar. Women' 32 . RP Republican Party 33 . RPPS Republican Party of Labour and Justice 34 . Slavonic Sobor 'Belaya Rus' 35 . KhDV Christ.-Democr. Choice 36 . BNF Belarusian People's Front 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125)

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v308 and v402.

V127 BG - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Not documented 2 . Not documented 8 . Not documented 9 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 99 .

V128 CZ - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ; ZA4054 Seite 50 von 275

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 7 . OF Civic Forum/ODS Civic Democratic Party 10 . KSCS/KSCM Communist P. of CSFR/of Bohemia & Moravia 17 . SZ Green Party 19 . SD Social Democracy/CSSD Czech Soc.-Democr. Party 23 . K4 Four-Party Coalition 28 . SPR-RSC Assoc. for the Rep./Rep. Party of Cz. 29 . DZJ Pensioners for Life Securities 30 . CSNS Czech Nat. Social Party 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v310 and v404. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ OF CIVIC FORUM/ODS CIVIC DEMOCRATIC PARTY: The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) officially came into being in February 1991 after the break-up of Civic Forum. 1995 it absorbed the Christian democratic party (KDS). Actually the OF was divided into two groups: the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the Civic Movement (OH). For the OH is not listed here, ODS is equated with OF. ++ KSCM: The party in its current form was founded in March 1990, but it is effectively the successor party to the KSCS (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia), in power from 1948-1989 ++ K4 PARTY COALITION: Since the Senate elections in 1998 K4 is a coalition formation of Christian Democratic Union/Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU -CSL), Freedom Union (US), Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) Democratic Union (DEU).

V129 ES - MEMBER. WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 10 . EM/EME/ERL Estonian People's Union 19 . ELDP Liberal Democrats/ER Estonian Reform Party 25 . PK Farmers Assembly 26 . KESK Estonian Center Party 27 . EKRP Estonian Christian People's Party 28 . ESDTP Estonian Social Democratic Labour Party 29 . EÜRP Estonian United People's Party 30 . IERSP Isamaaliit - Homeland Alliance 31 . M Moderates 32 . VBEE Russian Baltic Party in Estonia 33 . VEE Russian Party in Estonia 34 . VÜP Russian Unity Party 99 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125)

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v311 and v405. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ ELDP ESTONIAN LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY/ER ESTONIAN REFORM PARTY: ELDP contested parliamentary elections 1992 as part of the Pro Patria coalition. ER was founded 1994 and from then on ZA4054 Seite 51 von 275 included also the ELDP. ++ IERSP ISAMAALIIT/HOMELAND ALLIANCE: In 1995 the Fatherland National Coalition (RKI) (an alliance of different christian democratic and right-of-center parties) and the Estonian National Independence Party (ERSP) merged into the IERSP. ++ M MODERATES: Electoral coalition for the 1992 and 1995 elections, formed by the Estonian Social Democratic Party (ESDP) and the Estonian Rural Center Party (EMK). The Moderates were registered as a party 1996. ++ EM/EME/ERL ESTONIAN PEOPLE'S UNION: EME was founded in 1994 from a rural parliamentary caucus existing since 1992. 1999 it changed its name to ERL and merged with the Estonian Rural Union (EM) and the Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (EPPE - not listed here) in 2000. The new party retained the name ERL. This is why EM (in W1) and ERL (in W2) are combined in one value.

V130 GE - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . SPD Social Democrats 2 . CDU/CSU Christ. Democr. Union/Christ. Social Union 3 . Alliance 90/Greens 4 . F.D.P Free Democrats 5 . PDS Party for Democr. Socialism 6 . REP The Republicans 7 . DVU German Peoples Union 8 . NPD National Democr. Party of Germany 9 . FWG Community Party 10 . DKP German Communist Party 90 . Other Party 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show precoded partylist.

Further Information: Precoded question.

V131 LT - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

9 . LNDP Lithuanian National Democr. Party 10 . JL-NA 'Young Lith.'and New Nationalists Union 11 . SD2000 Lithuanian Party 'Socialdemocracy 2000' 12 . LPKTS "Lithuanian Union of Pol. Prisoners and Deportees" 13 . LRS Lithuanian Russians Union 14 . LSDP Lithuanian Soc.-Democr.Party 15 . LTS Lithuanian Nationalists Union 16 . LVP Lithuanian Peasants Party 17 . Modern Crist.-Democr. Union 18 . ND -WP New Democratic/Womens' Party 19 . NS New Union (Social Liberals) 20 . NKS Moderate Conservatives Union 21 . TS (LK) Homeland Union (Lith. Conserv.) 90 . Other Party 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 99 . NA

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v315 and v409.

V132 PL - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . PSL Polish Peasant Party 6 . UD Democratic Union/UW Freedom Union 13 . AWS Electoral Action 'Solidarity' 14 . ChD III RP Christ.Democr. of the 3rd Rep. 15 . KPEiR National Pensioners Party 16 . KPEiR RP National Alliance of Pensioners 17 . PL-D Peasant Democratic Party 18 . ROP Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 19 . SLD Alliance of the Democratic Left 20 . UPR Union of Political Realism 21 . UP Union of Labour 22 . ZZR 'SamoObrona', 'Selfdefence' 90 . Other Party 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v316 and v410. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UD/UW: ROAD (Citizens' Movement-Democratic Action) was founded in 1990 and later renamed into UD. 1994 the UD merged with the KLD (Liberal Democratic Congress - not represented in the list) to form the UW.

V133 RO - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY ZA4054 Seite 53 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . PD-FSN Dem. Party/Nat Salvation Front 2 . UDMR Dem. Alliance of Hungarians in Rom. 3 . PNL National Liberal Party 4 . PNTCD Christ. Dem. Nat. Peasants' Party 6 . PUNR Party of Rom. National Unity 7 . PDAR Dem. Agrar. Party of Romania 8 . PER Romanian Ecologist Party 9 . PSDR Rom. Socialist Dem. P./ PDSR Rom. Soc. Democracy P. 10 . PS Socialist Party 14 . PSM Socialist Party of Labour 15 . CDR Democratic Convention of Romania 16 . PRM Greater Romania Party 17 . USD (PD+PSDR) Social Dem. Union 18 . ANL Nat. Liberal Alliance 19 . PAC Civic Alliance Party 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v317 and v411. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ PD-FSN/USD: The National Salvation Front FSN that came to power on 22 Dec 1989 constitued itself as a party in February 1990. Since the elections 1992 it calls itself PD-FSN or simply PD. The Romanian Social Democratic Party PSDR (not to be confused with the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR) and the FSN-PD formed the electoral alliance USD in 1996. ++ PDSR - SOCIAL DEMOCRACY PARTY IN ROMANIA: The PDSR was founded by merger of the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR, the Democratic National Salvation Front FSND (splinter group of the FSN) and the Republican Party RP (the latter are not on the list). ++ CDR: The CDR was launched as an alliance in 1990. Major members have been PNTCD, PNL (out Apr 1992-Dec 1995), and the Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER). PSDR, PL'93 and PAC quitted in 1995. By early 2000 CDR was comprised by PNTCD, PNL, FER and the Romanian Ecologist Party (PER). ++ PUNR: The PUNR was organized as the political arm of the Romanian nationalist Romanian Heart (Vatra Romaneasca).

V134 SK - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 2 . DS Democratic Party 5 . VPS Public Against Violence/HZDS Movmt. for a Democ. Sk. 14 . SNS Slovak National Party 15 . KDH Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 17 . SZS Party of Greens (in Slovakia) 19 . SD Social Democracy/SDSS Soc.-Dem. Party in Slovakia 23 . KSS Communist Party of Slovakia 24 . SDL Party of the Democratic Left 25 . ZRS Association of Workers of Slovakia ZA4054 Seite 54 von 275

26 . MLHZP Hungarian Movmt. Reconciliation & Prosperity 27 . SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition 28 . SOP Party of Civic Understanding 29 . SDK Slovak Dem. Coalition 30 . SDKU Slovak Democr. & Christ. Union 31 . SMER Direction 32 . LDU Liberal-Democr. Union 36 . ROI Romany Civil Initiative 37 . STRED Center 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 99 . NA

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v318 and v413. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ SMK PARTY OF THE HUNGARIAN COALITION: In 1998 the three Magyar parties Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement (MKDM), CoExistence (ESWS) and Hungarian Civil Party (MPP, not on the list) merged into the SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition. ++ VPN/HZDS: In March 1991 VPN Public Against Violence split up and party leader V. Meciar founded the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) in June 1991 (together with approximately one third of the MP's of the VPN) The leftovers of the VPU renamed themselves into ODU - Civic democratic Union. Because ODU is not listed here, VPN is equated with HZDS. ++ KSCS/SDL, ZRS, KSS: With the communist defeat in 1989, the single political party KSCS was dissolved: The current KSS evolved in 1992 as the merger of two communist, marxist-leninist groups, and adopted the same name as he defunct KSS. SDL was founded by members of the former KSCS. ZRS former part of the SDL was founded as a party in 1994. Smer founded by former SDL deputy Róbert Fico in 1999. ++ SDK - SLOVAK DEMCRATIC COALITION: (1998-2001, comprising DS, SDSS, SZS, DU and KDH) SDK was set up in JulY 1998 as a five party coalition: KDH, DS, DU, the Social Democratic Party of Slovakia (SDSS) and the Green Party of Slovakia (SZS). Coalition leader and then Prime Minister Mikulás Dzurinda constituted his own party in NovEMBER 2000, the SDKU; DU decided to join the new force but KDH and DS refused to do so, although continued in the government.

V135 UA - MEMBER: WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ;

Question: Which party are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . KPU Communist Party of Ukraine 3 . DPU Democratic Party of Ukraine 5 . UkhDP Ukrain. Christ. Dem. Party 6 . LDPU Liberal-Democratic Party of UA 7 . URP Ukr. Republican Party 8 . PZU Green Party of Ukraine 10 . USDP Uk. Peasants' Dem. Party 12 . SDPU Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 13 . SPDU(o) United Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 14 . KDPU Constitutional Democratic Party 15 . APU Agrarian Party of Ukraine 16 . VZhI Allukr. P. of Women's Initiatives 17 . VPT Party of Workers 18 . Party of civic consent 19 . VOH All-Ukrain. Ass. 'HROMADA' 20 . DSU Ukrainian Statehood and Independence 21 . GKU Civic Congress of Ukraine 22 . KUN Congr. of Ukr. Nationalists in UA 23 . LPU Liberal Party of Ukraine ZA4054 Seite 55 von 275

24 . NRU Popular Movmt. of Ukraine(former Rukh-U) 25 . NDPU Popular Dem. Party 26 . OUNvU Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists in Ukraine 27 . PVSPU Party of Peasants and Entrepreneurs 28 . PDESP Party of Spiritual, Econ. and Soc. Progress 29 . PEV Party of Econ. Rebirth 30 . PZhU Party 'Women of Ukraine' 31 . PZV Party of Fatherland's defenders 32 . PK(b)U P. of Communist of Ukraine 33 . MBR Interregional Reform Bloc 34 . PMU Party of Muslims of Ukraine 35 . PNERU P. of Nat.-Econ. Developm. of Ukraine 36 . PNPU P. of National Salvation of Ukraine 37 . PPU Party of Work 38 . PRBU Party of Rehabilitation of seriously ill people 39 . PRVU Party of Region. Rebirth 40 . PRP Party 'Reforms and Order' 41 . PSYeU Party of Slavic Unity 42 . SOYUZ Party 'The Union' 43 . PSPU Progressive Socialists 44 . RKhP Republ. Christ. Party 45 . SelPU Peasents' Party of Ukraine 46 . SNPU Soc.-national Party 47 . SPU Socialist Party 48 . UKRP Ukrain. Conserv.Republ.Party 49 . UNA Ukrainian National Assembly 50 . UNKP Uk. Nat. conservative Party 51 . UPSSS Ukr. P. of Solidarity a. Soc. Justice 52 . UPS Ukrainian Party of Justice 53 . PshPU P. of Beer Lovers of Ukraine 54 . KhDPU Christ.-Democr. P. of Ukraine 55 . Christian-liberal unions 56 . Christian-national unions 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v125) 97 . Refused

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v320 and v415. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UKHDP/KHDPU CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS: The Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party (UkhDP) was founded in April 1989. 1992 a moderate fraction split off to form the Christ. Democr. Party of Ukraine (KhDPU). ++ UNKP - UKRAINIAN NAT. CONSERVATIVE PARTY: Was formed by merger of the Ukrainian National Party (UNP) and the Uk. People's democratic Party UNDP (not listed here). ++ NDPU - POPULAR DEMOCRATIC PARTY: Was formed 1996 by a merger of centrist forces, including the Party of democratic rebirth (PDVU), The Labor Congress of Uk (TKU, not listed here).

V136 MEMBER: MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 56 von 275

1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: If yes, ask which movement: ______

V137 BE - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Belarusian Patriotic Union of Youth 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136)

V138 BG - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 15 . Not documented 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 99 . NA

V139 ES - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Preservation of Antiquities 2 . Russian Union 3 . Consumer Protection 4 . Res Publica 5 . Green Movement 6 . Protection of Environment 7 . Pensioners' Movement 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 57 von 275

V140 GE - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Choral/music society 2 . Fitness/Sports 3 . Garden/Stockbread society 4 . Social/Dancing club 5 . Heimat/Rambl club 6 . Citizens initiative 7 . Local soc./pol. org. 8 . Cultural ass. 9 . Parents ass. 10 . Tenants ass./Prop. owners ass. 11 . SPD Social Democrats 12 . CDU/CSU Christ Democr Union/Christ Social Union 13 . Alliance 90/Greens 14 . F.D.P Free Democrats 15 . PDS Party for Democr Socialism 16 . REP The Republicans 17 . DVU German Peoples Union 18 . NPD National Democr Party of Germany 19 . FWG Community Party 20 . DKP German Commun Party 21 . Welfare org. 22 . Social org. 23 . Specif soc. groups 24 . Self-help group 25 . Womens' ass. 26 . Indiv. soc. work 27 . Ass. of Exiles 28 . Pol. ass. 29 . Pol. mandate 30 . Rescue ass. 31 . Environ./Ecolog. ass. 32 . Environ. prot. org. 33 . Animal prot. org. 34 . Prof. ass.: depend. profess. 35 . Prof. ass.: independ. profess. 36 . Prof. ass.: self-employed 37 . House/prop. owners ass. 38 . Retired people ass. 39 . Sports club 40 . Trade Unions 50 . Students' ass. 51 . Christ. Relig. groups 52 . Protestant - no Free Church 53 . Roman-Cath. 54 . Advent/Jehovahs Witn. 55 . New Apost. ZA4054 Seite 58 von 275

56 . New Revelators 'Neuoffenbarer' 57 . Free Chuch 58 . Ecclesiac office 59 . Non-christ relig groups 60 . Traffic/automob./bicycl. ass. 90 . Other leisure org. 91 . Other local org. 92 . Other Parties 93 . Other soc./pol. org. 94 . Other environ./ecolog. ass. 95 . Other christ. groups 96 . Other ass. 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 98 . DK 99 . NA

V141 LT - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Lithuanian Political Prisoners and Refugees Union 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 9 . NA

V142 RO - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Foundation for Children 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 9 . NA

V143 SK - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 59 von 275

1 . APS 2 . HZDS Movement for a Democratic Slovakia 3 . HKR Christian Family Movement 4 . SDL Party of the Democratic Left 5 . ZPFB Association of Antifascist Fighters 6 . SCK Slovak Red Cross 7 . KDH Christian Democratic Movement 8 . Association of Slovak Reciprocity 9 . SUZ Slovak Womens' Union 10 . SMK-MKP Party of the Hungarian Coalition 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 99 . NA

V144 UA - MEMBER: WHICH MOVEMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ;

Question: Which movement are you a member of?

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v136) 97 . Refused

V145 MEMBER: ECOLOGICAL GROUP

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V146 MEMBER: PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes ZA4054 Seite 60 von 275

2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V147 MEMBER: SPORTS CLUB

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V148 MEMBER: TRADE UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: If yes, ask which union: ______

V149 BE - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Food industry employees 2 . Industry employees 3 . Agriculture employees 4 . Students 5 . Instrument-making industry employees 6 . Municipal housing economy employees 7 . Railway transport employees 8 . Medical employees ZA4054 Seite 61 von 275

9 . Trade and consumers' cooperatives employees 10 . Education and culture employees 11 . Mechanical engineering employees 12 . Building industry employees 13 . Consumer services employees 14 . Watch-making industry employees 15 . Free trade union 16 . Metallurgists 17 . Light industry employees 18 . Motor vehicle transport employees 19 . Oil and gas industry employees 20 . Forestry employees 21 . Power engineering industry employees 22 . Communications employees 23 . Small-scale entrepreneurs 24 . Agro-industrial complex employees 25 . State system employees 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 98 . DK

V150 BG - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Not documented 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 99 . NA

V151 ES - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Teachers' Union 2 . TALO Est Employees' Union Conf. 3 . Civil Servants' Union 4 . Light Industry Worker's Union 5 . Textile Workers' Union 6 . Power Engineering Workers' Union 7 . Clothes Factories Workers Union 8 . 'Baltica' Workers Union (clothes fact.) 9 . Narva Power Station Workers' Union 10 . Health Institutions Workers' Union 11 . Communication Workers' Union ZA4054 Seite 62 von 275

12 . Machine Workers' Union 13 . Sailors' Union 14 . Railway Workers Union 15 . Military Persons Union 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 99 . NA

V152 GE - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . IG Bau Build-Agricult-Environ. 2 . IGBCE IG Mining, Chemistry, Energy 3 . GdED Railway workers 4 . GEW Education, Research 5 . Trade, Banking, Insurance 6 . IG Media 7 . IG Metall Metal workers 8 . NGG Food, hotel service 9 . ÖTV Public service, Transport 10 . GdP Police 11 . DPG German Post 12 . DAG White-collar Union 13 . Christian Union 14 . DBB Civil Service 90 . Other Union 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 98 . DK 99 . NA

V153 LT - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Theatre's Union 2 . Teachers'/pedagogue's Union 3 . Workers' Union 4 . Medical Workers' Union 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 99 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 63 von 275

V154 PL - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . NSZZ 'Solidarnosc' (Trade Union 'Solidarity') 2 . OPZZ (All-Polish Trade Union Alliance) 3 . ZKiOR (Peasant Organisation Union) 4 . 'Solidarnosc' RI ('Solidarity' of Individual Peasants) 5 . ZNP (Teachers' Trade Union) 6 . Other branch trade union (not OPZZ) 7 . Trade union in single institution 8 . Trade Union 'Kontra' 9 . 'S 80', 'Sierpieñ 80' (T.U. 'Solidarity 80', 'August 80') 10 . ZZR 'Samoobrona' (Peasant Trade Union 'Selfdefence') 11 . Trade union in army and police 12 . Other trade union 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 98 . DK 99 . NA

V155 RO - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . Local trade union 2 . BNS: National Trade Unions Bloc 3 . Cartel Alfa 4 . CNSLR Fratia: Rom Nat Confed of Free Trade Unions 'Fratia' 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 98 . DK 99 . NA

V156 UA - MEMBER: WHICH UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Wich union are you a member of?

Value Label 1 . At work (remember no name) 2 . Workers ZA4054 Seite 64 von 275

3 . Agricultural workers 4 . Heavy industry workers 5 . Light/food industry workers 6 . Medical employees 7 . Education employees 8 . Transport workers 9 . Trade/service employees 10 . Builders 90 . Others 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v148) 99 . NA

V157 MEMBER: STUDENTS ASSOCIATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V158 MEMBER: RELIGIOUS ORGANISATION

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Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V159 MEMBER: OTHER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 65 von 275

1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V160 RU - MEMBER: ETHNIC ORGANISATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ;

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK

V161 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: POLITICAL LIBERTIES

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Question: People associate democracy with diverse meanings such as those on this card. For each of them, please tell me whether, for you, it has a lot, something, not much, or nothing to do with democracy. Political liberties e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of association.

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V162 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: SOCIAL EQUALITY

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Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much ZA4054 Seite 66 von 275

4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V163 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: DECISION AT LOCAL/REGIONAL LEVELS

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Question: People associate democracy with diverse meanings such as those on this card. For each of them, please tell me whether, for you, it has a lot, something, not much, or nothing to do with democracy. That many political and administrative decisions can be made at local and regional levels.

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V164 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: LESS CORRUPTION

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Question: People associate democracy with diverse meanings such as those on this card. For each of them, please tell me whether, for you, it has a lot, something, not much, or nothing to do with democracy. Less corruption and less bribes. (W1) Less corruption and less selling of influence. (W2)

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V165 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: MORAL/SEXUAL FREEDOM

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ZA4054 Seite 67 von 275

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V166 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: EQUAL JUSTICE

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Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V167 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: GOVERNMENT CONTROLLING BANKS/ENTERPRISES

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Question: People associate democracy with diverse meanings such as those on this card. For each of them, please tell me whether, for you, it has a lot, something, not much, or nothing to do with democracy. That the government controls banks and large private enterprises.

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V168 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN

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ZA4054 Seite 68 von 275

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V169 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: MORE JOBS

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Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V170 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

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Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V171 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ; ZA4054 Seite 69 von 275

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V172 IDEA OF DEMOCRACY: RIGHT TO PARTICIPATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . A lot 2 . Something 3 . Not much 4 . Nothing 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V173 SATISFIED WITH DEMOCRACY IN (COUNTRY)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Are you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the way in which democracy is working in ______(country e.g. Hungary) today?

Value Label 1 . Totally dissatisfied (Compl.dissatisfied - W2, except HU) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Totally satisfied (Compl. satisfied - W2, except HU) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA ZA4054 Seite 70 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Use this scale on card #__.

V174 TOLERANCE: AGAINST MINORITY OPINION

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Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: Society shouldn't have to put up with political views that are fundamentally different from the views of the majority.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly 2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V175 TOLERANCE: AGAINST EXTREMIST DEMONSTRATORS

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Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: Because demonstrations frequently become disorderly and disruptive, radical and extremist political groups shouldn't be allowed to demonstrate.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly 2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V176 TOLERANCE: AGAINST FREE SPEECH

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Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: Free speech is just not worth if it means that we have to put up with the danger to society of extremist political views.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly ZA4054 Seite 71 von 275

2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V177 TOLERANCE: AGAINST TOO MUCH FREEDOM

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Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: It is better to live in an orderly society than to allow people so much freedom that they can become disruptive.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly 2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V178 TOLERANCE: AGAINST CRITICS ON WAY OF LIFE

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Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: People who don't like the way of life in our country should not have a chance to talk and to be heard.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly 2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V179 TOLERANCE: AGAINST RIGHT TO OWN OPINION

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ZA4054 Seite 72 von 275

Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: The idea that everyone has a right to his own opinion, is being carried too far these days.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly 2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V180 TOLERANCE: AGAINST FOREIGN CRITICS IN (COUNTRY)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly: Foreigners who dislike our government and criticize it should not be allowed to stay here.

Value Label 1 . Agree strongly 2 . Agree 3 . Disagree 4 . Disagree strongly 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V181 FREE MARKET ECONOMY: RIGHT/WRONG FOR (COUNTRY)

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Pre-Question text: Now I would like to ask you some questions about economic conditions.

Question: Do you personally feel that the creation of a free market economy, that is one largely free from state control, is right or wrong for ______(country's e.g. Hungary's) future?

Value Label 1 . Right 2 . Wrong 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V182 SATISFIED WITH FREE MARKET IN (COUNTRY)

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 73 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 98 ;

Question: Are you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the way in which the free market economy is working in ______(country) today?

Value Label 1 . Completely dissatisfied (Dissatisfied - HU) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Completely satisfied (Satisfied - HU) 99 . NA 0 . NAV (W1) 98 . DK

Interviewer-Instruction: Use scale on card #__.

V183 PERSONAL ECON. SITUATION: DURING PRES GOVERNMENT

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Question: Considering your personal economic situation during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that your personal economic situation has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V184 PERSONAL ECON. SITUATION: NEXT YEAR

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year your personal economic situation will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

Value Label 1 . Will improve 2 . The same 3 . Will get worse 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK ZA4054 Seite 74 von 275

9 . NA

V185 PERSONAL ECON. SITUATION: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

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Question: In comparison with the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say that your personal economic situation has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V186 COUNTRY'S ECON. SITUATION: DURING PRES GOVERNMENT

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Question: Considering the situation of ______(country) during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that the economic situation of the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 8 . DK 9 . NA

V187 E-GE - ECON. SITUATION: DURING PRES GOVERNMENT

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Question: Considering the situation of East Germany during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that the economic situation of the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK ZA4054 Seite 75 von 275

9 . NA

V188 COUNTRY'S ECON. SITUATION: NEXT YEAR

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year the economic situation of the country will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

Value Label 1 . Will Improve 2 . The same 3 . Will get worse 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V189 E-GE - ECON. SITUATION: NEXT YEAR

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year the economic situation of East Germany will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

Value Label 1 . Will improve 2 . The same 3 . Will get worse 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V190 COUNTRY'S ECON. SITUATION: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

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Question: In comparison with the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say that the economic situation of the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 76 von 275

9 . NA

V191 CONDITION OF WORKERS: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

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Question: During the time that the present government has been in power, would you say, for example, that the condition of the working class (of the workers) has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as before?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V192 CONDITION OF PEASANTS: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

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Question: During the time that the present government has been in power, would you say, for example, that the condition of the peasantry (of the peasants) has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as before?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V193 CONDITION OF MIDDLE CLASS: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: During the time that the present government has been in power, would you say, for example, that the condition of the middle class has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as before?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) ZA4054 Seite 77 von 275

8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V194 CONDITION OF ENTREPRENEURS: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

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Question: During the time that the present government has been in power, would you say, for example, that the condition of the entrepreneurs has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as before?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V195 CONDITION OF WORKERS: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

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Question: And in comparison with the situation during the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say, for example, that the condition of the working class today has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as it was then?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V196 CONDITION OF PEASANTS: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And in comparison with the situation during the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say, for example, that the condition of the peasantry today has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as it was then?

Value Label 1 . Improved ZA4054 Seite 78 von 275

2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V197 CONDITION OF MIDDLE CLASS: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And in comparison with the situation during the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say, for example, that the condition of the middle class today has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as it was then?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V198 CONDITION OF ENTREPRENEURS: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

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Question: And in comparison with the situation during the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say, for example, that the condition of entrepreneurs today has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as it was then?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #_.

V199 CORRUPTION: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

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ZA4054 Seite 79 von 275

Question: Would you say that during the period that the present government has been in power corruption and selling of influence have increased, have remained the same, or have declined?

Value Label 1 . Increased 2 . The same 3 . Declined 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V200 GE - CORRUPTION: POLITICIANS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What would you say: How widespread is corruption and bribery among politicians of our country?

Value Label 1 . Almost no politician 2 . Some politicians 3 . Many politicians 4 . Almost all politicians 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V201 PUBLIC SAFETY: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

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Question: Considering the situation of ______(country) during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that public safety in the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V202 E-GE - PUBLIC SAFETY: DURING PRESENT GOVERNMENT

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Question: Considering the situation of East Germany during the period that the present government has been in power, ZA4054 Seite 80 von 275 would you say that public safety in the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V203 PUBLIC SAFETY: NEXT YEAR

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Question: And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year public safety in the country will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

Value Label 1 . Will improve 2 . The same 3 . Will get worse 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V204 E-GE - PUBLIC SAFETY: NEXT YEAR

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year public safety in East Germany will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

Value Label 1 . Will improve 2 . The same 3 . Will get worse 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V205 PUBLIC SAFETY: COMPARED TO (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

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Question: In comparison with the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say that public safety in your country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same? ZA4054 Seite 81 von 275

Value Label 1 . Improved 2 . The same 3 . Gotten worse 0 . NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V206 INCOME DIFFERENCES: RIGHT/WRONG

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Question: Considering the money people earn from their work, do you think that there should be ...

Value Label 1 . Large differences 2 . Some differences 3 . No differences 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V207 PERSONAL FINANCIAL SITUATION: COMPARED TO PARENTS

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Question: Compared with the life your parents lived at your age, do you think you are, financially speaking, doing better, the same, or worse?

Value Label 1 . Better 2 . Same 3 . Worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V208 PERSONAL FINANCIAL SITUATION: COMPARED TO NEIGHBOURS

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Question: Compared with most of the people in your neighbourhood, do you think that you are, financially speaking, doing better, the same, or worse?

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 82 von 275

1 . Better 2 . Same 3 . Worse 4 . Neither better nor worse (UA, KR, W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V209 SPEED OF CHANGE IN (COUNTRY)

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Question: In general, do you think that in ______(country) things are changing too fast, at the right speed, or too slow?

Value Label 1 . Too fast (Very quick - BG, W2) 2 . Right speed (Quick enough - BG, W2) 3 . Too slow (Very slow - BG, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V210 SATISFIED WITH PRESENT GOVERNMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Taking everything into account, in general, are you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the present government?

Value Label 1 . Compl.dissatisfied (Not satisfied - W1) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Compl.satisfied (Very satisfied - W1) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V211 SATISFIED WITH (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 83 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Taking everything into account, in general, were you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.)?

Value Label 1 . Compl.dissatisfied (Not satisfied, W1) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Completely satisfied (Very satisfied, W1) 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (1 in v669) 96 . Was too young (PL, W2) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V212 INFLUENCE AT WORKPLACE

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Question: (For those who are working or retired) How much influence would you say that people like you have in decisions at your (former) working place?

Value Label 1 . Decisive 2 . Much 3 . A little 4 . None 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V213 SATISFIED WITH WORK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: (For those who are working or retired) In general, how satisfied are/were you with your work situation?

Value Label 1 . Dissatisfied 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . ZA4054 Seite 84 von 275

6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Satisfied 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

V214 INFLUENCE FAMILY DECISION

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Question: How much influence would you say that you have concerning family decisions?

Value Label 1 . Decisive 2 . Much 3 . A little 4 . None 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V215 SATISFIED WITH FAMILY SITUATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: In general, how satisfied are you with your family situation?

Value Label 1 . Dissatisfied 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Satisfied 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

V216 COMMUNISM GOOD IDEA

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Question: Do you consider ______(employ "Socialism" or "Communism" depending on the national usage of the terms) to be a good idea that was badly carried out?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . Undecided 3 . No 4 . Other (BE, UA - W2) 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "undecided".

V217 BETTER PERFORMANCE: EDUCATION

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of education.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V218 BETTER PERFORMANCE: ECONOMY

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of the economy.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V219 BETTER PERFORMANCE: POVERTY

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following ZA4054 Seite 86 von 275 problems could be solved better. The problem of poverty.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V220 BETTER PERFORMANCE: BLACK MARKET

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of black market.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V221 BETTER PERFORMANCE: INFLATION

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of inflation.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V222 BETTER PERFORMANCE: UNEMPLOYMENT

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of unemployment.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic ZA4054 Seite 87 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V223 BETTER PERFORMANCE: PUBLIC SECURITY

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of public security.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V224 BETTER PERFORMANCE: CITIZEN'S PARTICIPATION

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of the possibility of citizen's participation.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V225 BETTER PERFORMANCE: CORRUPTION

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of corruption.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 88 von 275

V226 BETTER PERFORMANCE: PUBLIC HEALTH

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of public health.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V227 BETTER PERFORMANCE: REPRESENTATION OF INTERESTS

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of representation of interests.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V228 BETTER PERFORMANCE: CRIME

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Question: Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non-democratic one - the following problems could be solved better. The problem of crime.

Value Label 1 . Democratic 2 . Non-democratic 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V229 PRIDE IN (COUNTRY) CITIZENSHIP ZA4054 Seite 89 von 275

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Question: How proud are you to be ______(country's citizenship)?

Value Label 1 . Very proud 2 . Quite proud (Proud - BG) 3 . Not very proud (Not proud - BG) 4 . Not proud at all 5 . (If volunteered) I am no (COUNTRY) citizen 0 . NAV (W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Country's citizenship e.g. in Estonia: "Estonian" or if non-understandable for minorities "an Estonian citizen". Comment: the intention is to include minorities in this question!

V230 PRIDE TO LIVE IN (COUNTRY)

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Question: How proud are you to live in ______(country, e.g. Estonia)?

Value Label 1 . Very proud 2 . Quite proud 3 . Not very proud 4 . Not proud at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 5 in v229) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if answer in v229 is "I am no ______(e.g. Estonian citizen)".

V231 ES - WHICH CITIZENSHIP

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Question: What is your citizenship?

Value Label 1 . Estonian 2 . Russian 3 . Other former Soviet republic 4 . Other 5 . Without any citizenship 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

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V232 AGREE: WOMEN TAKING CARE OF THE HOUSE

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Question: Tell me if you are completely in agreement, partially in agreement, partially in disagreement, or completely in disagreement with the following statements: The best thing for a woman to do is to take care of the house.

Value Label 1 . Agree completely 2 . Agree partially (Agree - BG, W2) 3 . Disagree partially (Disagree - BG, W2) 4 . Disagree completely 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V233 AGREE: ACCEPTING HOMOSEXUALS

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Question: Tell me if you are completely in agreement, partially in agreement, partially in disagreement, or completely in disagreement with the following statements: Homosexuals are people who should be accepted like anybody else.

Value Label 1 . Agree completely 2 . Agree partially (Agree - BG, W2) 3 . Disagree partially (Disagree - BG, W2) 4 . Disagree completely 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V234 AGREE: ABORTION AVAILABLE

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Question: Tell me if you are completely in agreement, partially in agreement, partially in disagreement, or completely in disagreement with the following statements: Abortions should be allowed for every woman. (W1) Abortions should be available to all women who want them. (W2)

Value Label 1 . Agree completely 2 . Agree partially (Agree - BG, W2) 3 . Disagree partially (Disagree - BG, W2) 4 . Disagree completely ZA4054 Seite 91 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V235 TRUST: FAMILY/RELATIVES

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Question: In order to get ahead, people need to have confidence and to feel that they can trust themselves and others. To what degree do you think that you trust the following totally, to a certain point, little, or not at all? Family and relatives.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 6 . Alone (PL, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V236 TRUST: NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V237 TRUST: CHURCH AND CLERGY

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Value Label 1 . Totally ZA4054 Seite 92 von 275

2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V238 TRUST: NEIGHBOURS

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V239 TRUST: PEOPLE OF OWN LANGUAGE

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V240 TRUST: WEST GERMANS (E-GE)

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ZA4054 Seite 93 von 275

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V241 TRUST: EAST GERMANS (W-GE)

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V242 TRUST: MASS MEDIA

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V243 RO - TRUST: NEWSPAPER

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 94 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V244 RO - TRUST: TV

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V245 RO - TRUST: RADIO

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

ZA4054 Seite 95 von 275

V246 TRUST: TRADE UNIONS

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V247 TRUST: GOD

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V248 TRUST: ONESELF

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 96 von 275

9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V249 TRUST: WORK COMPANIONS

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 6 . Don't work with someone (PL, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V250 TRUST: POLITICAL PARTIES

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V251 TRUST: EMPLOYERS

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little ZA4054 Seite 97 von 275

4 . Not at all 6 . Don't work with someone (PL, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V252 TRUST: POLICE

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V253 TRUST: LEADING/GOVERNING PARTY

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V254 TRUST: BIGGEST OPPOSITIONAL PARTY

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V255 TRUST: PARLIAMENT

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V256 TRUST: ARMY

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V257 TRUST: YUGOSLAVIAN ARMY

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Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V258 AGREE MORE: MEDICARE, BY ONESELF/BY GOVERNMENT

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Question: Which of the following statements do you agree with more? 1 - Citizens should pay for their own medical care and medicine. 2 - The government should cover the costs of citizens' medical care and medicine.

Value Label 1 . Individual pay 2 . Can't choose (W2) 3 . Goverment pay 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "Can't choose".

V259 AGREE MORE: INCOME LIMITS/NO LIMITS

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Question: Which of the following statements do you agree with more? 1 - There should be no limits on the amount of money one is able to earn. 2 - It is necessary to place limits on the amount of money that one can earn.

Value Label 1 . No limit 2 . Can't choose (W2) 3 . Limit necessary 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "Can't choose".

V260 AGREE MORE: PROTECTION BY ONESELF/BY GOVERNMENT

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Question: Which of the following statements do you agree with more? 1 - Instead of depending so much on the government, people should learn to take care of themselves. 2 - The government doesn't do enough to protect people ZA4054 Seite 100 von 275 from economic difficulties.

Value Label 1 . Independent from government 2 . Can't choose (W2) 3 . Protection by government 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "Can't choose".

V261 AGREE MORE: ENVIRONMENT/INDUSTRY FIRST

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Question: Which of the following statements do you agree with more? 1 - The environment has to be cleaned up even if it means some loss in manufacturing jobs. 2 - Cleaning up the environment has to take second place to industrial growth and the protection of jobs.

Value Label 1 . Environment first 2 . Can't choose (W2) 3 . Industry first 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Do not read out "Can't choose".

V262 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: RICH/POOR

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Question: ______(Country) has many problems to solve. Of the conflicts listed on this card, tell me, please, which do you consider very important, somewhat important, of little importance, or not at all important. Between those with money and those without (or: between rich and poor).

Value Label 1 . Very important (...intense - PL, W2) 2 . Somewhat important (...intense - PL, W2) 3 . Little important (...intense - PL, W2) 4 . Not important at all (...intense - PL, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V263 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: LAW-ABIDING/DELINQUENT

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ZA4054 Seite 101 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V264 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: SPEAK LANGUAGE/NOT

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Question: ______(Country) has many problems to solve. Of the conflicts listed on this card, tell me, please, which do you consider very important, somewhat important, of little importance, or not at all important. Between those that speak ______(official language e.g. German) and those that don't.

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V265 GE - IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: EAST/WEST

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Value Label 1 . Very important 2 . Somewhat important 3 . Little important 4 . Not important at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V266 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: LEFT/RIGHT ZA4054 Seite 102 von 275

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Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V267 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: YOUNG/OLD

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Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V268 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: CHURCH MORAL/NOT

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Question: ______(Country) has many problems to solve. Of the conflicts listed on this card, tell me, please, which do you consider very important, somewhat important, of little importance, or not at all important. Between those who follow the moral teachings of the church and those who do not.

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

ZA4054 Seite 103 von 275

V269 IMPORTANCE OF CONFLICTS: NATIONALISTS/OTHERS

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Question: ______(Country) has many problems to solve. Of the conflicts listed on this card, tell me, please, which do you consider very important, somewhat important, of little importance, or not at all important. Between nationalists and the rest of the people of the country.

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V270 APPROVE REPRESSION: POLICE FORCE AGAINST DEMONSTRATORS

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Question: Now I'd like you to consider some kinds of action that the government and the authorities sometimes take. For each one, I would like you to tell me whether you approve strongly, approve, disapprove, or disapprove strongly. The police using force against demonstrators.

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V271 APPROVE REPRESSION: SENTENCE AGAINST PROTESTORS DISREGARDING POLICE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove ZA4054 Seite 104 von 275

4 . Disapprove strongly 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V272 APPROVE REPRESSION: LAW AGAINST DEMONSTRATIONS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V273 APPROVE REPRESSION: TROOPS AGAINST STRIKES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V274 AGREE MORE: COUNTRY RUN BY BIG INTERESTS/BY ALL THE PEOPLE

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Question: Generally speaking, would you say that this country is run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or ZA4054 Seite 105 von 275 that it is run for the benefit of all the people?

Value Label 1 . All the people 2 . A few big interests (i. of big companies - BG, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V275 TRUST IN GOVERNMENT

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Question: How much do you trust the government in ______(country) to do what is right? Do you trust it just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, or almost never?

Value Label 1 . Almost always 2 . Most of the time 3 . Only sometimes 4 . Almost never 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V276 ELECTIONS BEST WAY TO CHOOSE GOVERNMENT

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Question: Do you think that elections are the best way to choose a government and the authorities of the country or do you not think so?

Value Label 1 . Yes, the best way 2 . No, not the best way 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V277 NEED FOR PARLIAMENT

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Question: Looking at things from the point of view of utility, do you think that in order for things to go well, we need a parliament? Or are you among those who think that we can do without it?

Value Label 1 . Need parliament ZA4054 Seite 106 von 275

2 . Could do without 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V278 VOTE IN LAST PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION

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Question: Did you vote in the last parliamentary election in 19__?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c.) 7 . Refused 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V279 NOT VOTED - NO RIGHT

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Question: Was this because you had no right to vote?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 7 . Refused (only GE, W2) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if not voted.

V280 BE, UA - CANDIDATE: PARTY/INDEPENDENT

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Question: Did you vote for a party candidate or an independent candidate?

Value Label 1 . Party candidate 2 . Indep. candidate 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 7 . Refused 8 . DK

ZA4054 Seite 107 von 275

V281 BE, UA - CANDIDATE'S POLITICAL POSITION

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Question: What was the political position of the candidate you voted for?

Value Label 1 . Socialist 2 . Liberal 3 . Conservative 4 . Green 5 . Christ.-Democr. 6 . Agrarian 7 . Repres.of ethn.minor. 8 . Communist 9 . Democrat (not specified) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

V282 BE - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 95

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

21 . BDZN Movmt. to Defence of People 22 . DDSPS Movmt. for Democr., Soc. Progr. and Justice 23 . ZKhDD Women's Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 24 . KPB Communist Party of Belarus 25 . LDP Liberal-Democr. Party of Belarus 26 . NPV People's Party 'Vozrozhdenie' 27 . NDPB Nat.-Democr. Party of Belarussians 28 . OGP United Civic Party of Belarus 29 . PZS Party of Common Sense 30 . PKB Party of Communists of Belarus 31 . PDBZh Pol. Movmt. 'Belar. Women' 32 . RP Republican Party 33 . RPPS Republican Party of Labour and Justice 34 . Slavonic Sobor 'Belaya Rus' 35 . KhDV Christ.-Democr. Choice 36 . BNF Belarusian People's Front 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in May 1995.

V283 BG - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 97

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . ODS United Democr. Forces 2 . BSP Bulg. Socialist Party 3 . BSDP Bulg. Social. Democr. Party 4 . DPS Movmt. for Rights and Freedoms 5 . BBB Bulg. Business Bloc 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in April 1997.

V284 CZ - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/98

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . SS Freedom Party (W1) 2 . DS Democratic Party (W1) 3 . CSS Czecho-Slovak Socialist Party (W1) 4 . HOS Movmt. for Civic Freedom (W1) 5 . VPN Public Against Violence (W1) 6 . SB Free Bloc (W1) 7 . OF Civic Forum/ODS Civic Democratic Party 8 . Coalition of the All-People Democratic Party (W1) 9 . VSZS Grouping of Interest Unions, Czech (W1) 10 . KSCS/KSCM Communist P. of CSFR/of Bohemia & Moravia 11 . SZV Alliance of Farmers and the Countryside (W1) 12 . ESWS Egyuetteles Coexistence 13 . CDF Czechoslovak Democratic Forum (W1) 14 . SNS Slovak National Party (W1) 15 . KDH Christ.-Democr. Movement (W1) 16 . Czecho-Slovak Union (W1) 17 . SZ Green Party 18 . HDS Movmt. for Self-Governing Democracy (W1) 19 . SD Social Democracy/CSSD Czech Soc.-Democr. Party 20 . SPP Friends of Beer (W1) 21 . KDU/KDU-CSL Christ. Dem. Un.-Cz. People's Party 24 . US Freedom Union (W2) 25 . NEZ Indep. Polit. Movmt. (W2) 26 . DEU Democr. Union (W2) 27 . MDS Moravian Democr. Party (W2) 28 . SPR-RSC Assoc. for the Rep./Rep. Party of Cz. (W2) 29 . DZJ Pensioners for Life Securities (W2) 30 . CSNS Czech Nat. Social Party (W2) 31 . SDCR Association of Pensioners (W2) 32 . ODA Civic Dem. Alliance (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in June 1990 in Czechoslovakia (that is why some Slovak parties are listed here as well) (W1) and the parliamentary elections held in June 1998 in the Czech Republic (W2). LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ OF CIVIC FORUM/ODS CIVIC DEMOCRATIC PARTY: The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) officially came into being in February 1991 after the break-up of Civic Forum. 1995 it absorbed the Christian democratic party (KDS). Actually the OF was divided into two groups: the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the Civic Movement (OH). For the OH is not listed here, ODS is equated with OF. ++ KSCM: The party in its current form was founded in March 1990, but it is effectively the successor party to the KSCS (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia), in power from 1948-1989 ++ KDU-CSL - CHRIST. DEM. MOVEMENT/CHRIST. DEM. UNION: The party contested the 1990 elections in an alliance as KDU. In 1992 it was officially redesignated as the KDU-CSL.

V285 ES - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/99

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ZA4054 Seite 110 von 275

Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . Democr. Party (W1) 2 . Democr. Union 'Free Estonia' (W1) 3 . EEE Estonian Entrepreneurs' Party (W1) 4 . Interfront (W1) 5 . Citizen Committee (W1) 6 . Estonian Communist Party (W1) 7 . CPSU (W1) 8 . Christian Democrats (W1) 9 . EMK Rural Centrist Party (W1) 10 . EM/EME/ERL Estonian People's Union 11 . Popular Front 12 . ERSP Estonian Nat. Independence Party (W1) 13 . Green Movmt. (W1) 14 . Green Party (W1) 15 . Council of Work Collectives (W1) 16 . Congress of Estonia (W1) 17 . Association of Individuals (W1) 19 . ELDP Liberal Democrats/ER Estonian Reform Party 25 . PK Farmers Assembly 26 . KESK Estonian Center Party (W2) 27 . EKRP Estonian Christian People's Party (W2) 29 . EÜRP Estonian United People's Party (W2) 30 . IERSP Isamaaliit - Homeland Alliance (W2) 31 . M Moderates (W2) 33 . VEE Russian Party in Estonia (W2) 35 . AP Development Party (W2) 36 . EK Estonian Coalition Party (W2) 37 . ESE Estonian Blue Party (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 95 . Voted for single candidate (W2) 96 . Did not vote (W2) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in March 1990 (W1) and March 1999 (W2). LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ ELDP ESTONIAN LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY/ER ESTONIAN REFORM PARTY: ELDP contested parliamentary elections 1992 as part of the Pro Patria coalition. ER was founded 1994 and from then on included also the ELDP. ++ IERSP ISAMAALIIT/HOMELAND ALLIANCE: In 1995 the Fatherland National Coalition (RKI) (an alliance of different christian democratic and right-of-center parties) and the Estonian National Independence Party (ERSP) merged into the IERSP. ++ M MODERATES: Electoral coalition for the 1992 and 1995 elections, formed by the Estonian Social Democratic Party (ESDP) and the Estonian Rural Center Party (EMK). The Moderates were registered as a party 1996. ++ EM/EME/ERL ESTONIAN PEOPLE'S UNION: EME was founded in 1994 from a rural parliamentary caucus existing since 1992. 1999 it changed its name to ERL and merged with the Estonian Rural Union (EM) and the Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (EPPE - not listed here) in 2000. The new party retained the name ERL. This is why EM (in W1) and ERL (in W2) are combined in one value.

V286 GE - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/98

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . SPD Social Democrats 2 . CDU/CSU Christ. Democr. Union/Christ. Social Union 3 . Alliance 90/Greens 4 . F.D.P Free Democrats 5 . PDS Party for Democr. Socialism 6 . REP The Republicans 7 . DVU German Peoples Union 8 . NPD National Democr. Party of Germany 9 . FWG Community Party (W2) 10 . DKP German Communist Party (W2) 11 . DSU German Social Union (W1) 12 . ÖDP Ecol. Democr. Party (W1) 90 . Other (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in October 1990 (W1) and September 1998 (W2).

V287 HU - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/98

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . FIDESZ-MPP All.of Young Democrats/Hung.Civic Party 2 . FKGP Indep. Party of Smallhold./Agrar. Workers and Citiz. 3 . MDF Hung. Democr. Forum 4 . MIEP Hung. Justice and Life Party (W2) 5 . MSZP Hung. Socialist Party 6 . SZDSZ All. of Free Democrats 7 . KDNP Christ.-Democr. Peopl. Party 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in March 1990 (W1) and May 1998 (W2).

ZA4054 Seite 112 von 275

V288 LV - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 95

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 4 . LC Union 'Latvia's Way' 6 . TSP National Harmony Party 7 . JP New Party 9 . LZS Latvian Farmer's Union 10 . DPS Democratic Party 'Saimnieks' 11 . TKL People's Movement For Latvia /Siegerist Party 16 . LVP Latvian Unity Party 18 . LNDP Latvian National Democr. Party 19 . Democrats' Party 22 . LLP Latvian Liberal Party 23 . LZS-LKDS-LDP Latv. Farm. Union/ Christ. Democr./ Latgale 24 . MPALNP Pol. Ass. of the Unprivil./ Latv. Indep. 25 . LDDP-LSDSP Labour and Justice 26 . LSP Latvian Socialist Party 27 . LKPP Party of Russian Citizens in Latvia 28 . Party 'Our Land', Anticommunist Union 29 . LTF Latv. Popular Front 30 . TPA Pol. Union of Economists 'Tausaimnieks' 31 . TUB Union 'For Fatherland and Freedom' 32 . LKNP-LZP Latv. Nat. Conserv. P., Latv. Green P. 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in September 19995 (W2).

V289 LT - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 00

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . LCS Lithuanian Center Union 3 . LKDP Lithuanian Christian Democr. Party 5 . LLS Lithuanian Freedom Union 6 . LLRA Election Action of Lith. Poles 7 . UTL Lithuanian People's Union 'For Just Lithuania' 8 . LLS Lithuanian Liberal Union 10 . JL-NA -PKS 'Young Lith.', 'New Nation. a. Pol. Pris. Union' ZA4054 Seite 113 von 275

11 . SD2000 Lithuanian Party 'Socialdemocracy 2000' 16 . LVP Lithuanian Peasants Party 19 . NS New Union (Social Liberals) 20 . NKS Moderate Conservatives Union 21 . TS (LK) Homeland Union (Lith. Conserv.) 22 . TautS National Union 23 . BSDK A. Brazausko Soc.-Democr. Coalition 24 . KDS Christ.-Democr. Union 96 . None 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in October 2000 (W2).

V290 PL - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 97

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . PSL Polish Peasant Party 6 . UD Democratic Union/UW Freedom Union 13 . AWS Electoral Action 'Solidarity' 15 . KPEiR National Pensioners Party 16 . KPEiR RP National Alliance of Pensioners 18 . ROP Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 19 . SLD Alliance of the Democratic Left 20 . UPR Union of Political Realism 21 . UP Union of Labour 23 . N-Ch-D BdP National Christian Bloc 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in September 1997 (W2). LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UD/UW: ROAD (Citizens' Movement-Democratic Action) was founded in 1990 and later renamed into UD. 1994 the UD merged with the KLD (Liberal Democratic Congress - not represented in the list) to form the UW.

V291 PL - CANDIDATE VOTE - PRES. ELECTIONS 90

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Question: Which candidate did you vote for in the last presidential elections?

Value Label 1 . R. Bartoszcze 2 . W. Cimoszewicz 3 . T. Mazowiecki 4 . L. Moczulski 5 . S. Tyminski 6 . L. Walesa 7 . Refused 9 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c., W2), NAP (Not 1 in v278)

Further Information: This question relates to the presidential elections held in November/December 1990 (W1).

V292 RO - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/96

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . PD-FSN Dem. Party/Nat Salvation Front 2 . UDMR Dem. Alliance of Hungarians in Rom. 3 . PNL National Liberal Party 4 . PNTCD Christ. Dem. Nat. Peasants' Party 5 . MER Rom. Ecological Movmt. (W1) 6 . PUNR Party of Rom. National Unity 7 . PDAR Dem. Agrar. Party of Romania 8 . PER Romanian Ecologist Party 9 . PSDR Rom. Socialist Dem. P./ PDSR Rom. Soc. Democracy P. 10 . PS Socialist Party (W2) 11 . PSDR Romanian Social Democratic Party 12 . VR Vatra Romaneasca Romanias hearth 13 . Independent Candidate 14 . PSM Socialist Party of Labour 15 . CDR Democratic Convention of Romania (W2) 16 . PRM Greater Romania Party (W2) 17 . USD (PD+PSDR) Social Dem. Union (W2) 18 . ANL Nat. Liberal Alliance (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in May 1990 (W1) and November 1996 (W2). LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ PD-FSN/USD: The National Salvation Front FSN that came to power on 22 Dec 1989 constitued itself as a party in February 1990. Since the elections 1992 it calls itself PD-FSN or simply PD. The Romanian Social Democratic Party PSDR (not to be confused with the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR) and the FSN-PD formed the ZA4054 Seite 115 von 275 electoral alliance USD in 1996. ++ PDSR - SOCIAL DEMOCRACY PARTY IN ROMANIA: The PDSR was founded by merger of the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR, the Democratic National Salvation Front FSND (splinter group of the FSN) and the Republican Party RP (the latter are not on the list). ++ CDR: The CDR was launched as an alliance in 1990. Major members have been PNTCD, PNL (out Apr 1992-Dec 1995), and the Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER). PSDR, PL'93 and PAC quitted in 1995. By early 2000 CDR was comprised by PNTCD, PNL, FER and the Romanian Ecologist Party (PER). ++ PUNR: The PUNR was organized as the political arm of the Romanian nationalist Romanian Heart (Vatra Romaneasca).

V293 RU - CANDIDATE VOTE - PRES. ELECTIONS 91

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Question: Which candidate did you vote for in the presidential elections 1991?

Value Label 1 . B. Yeltsin 2 . N. Ryzhkov 3 . A.-G. Tuleev 4 . W. Zhyrinovsky 5 . W. Bakatin 6 . A. Makashov 7 . Against all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Didn't vote 98 . DK

Further Information: This question relates to the presidential elections held in June 1991 (W2).

V294 RU - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 93

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Question: Which party did you vote for in the parliamentary elections 1993?

Value Label 1 . ZhR Women of Russia 19 . YABLOKO Yavlinsky Bloc 24 . PRES Party of Russian Unity and Accord 25 . KPRF Communist Party of Russian Federation 33 . LDPR Liberal-Democr. Party 41 . APR Agrarian Party of Russia 44 . BR-NI Future of Russia/New Names 45 . DVP Russia's Democr. Choice (Gaidar) 46 . GS Civic Union 47 . DPR Democratic Party of Russia 48 . Dignity and Mercy 49 . RDDR Russian Movmt. for Democr. Reforms 50 . KEDR Movmt. 58 . Against all ZA4054 Seite 116 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c.) 95 . Didn't vote for parties only for candidate 96 . Didn't vote 98 . DK

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in December 1993 (W2).

V295 RU - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 95

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Question: Which party did you vote for in the parliamentary elections 1995?

Value Label 1 . ZhR Women of Russia 2 . Power 3 . Duma-96 4 . PO Transformation of the Fatherland 5 . T-T-T Tikhonov -Tupolev-Thovoniv 6 . Russian All-People Movement 7 . NUR All-Russia Muslim Movement 8 . Federal-Democratic Movement 9 . Party for children defence 10 . International Union 11 . Stable Russia 12 . Pokolenije rubezha (Generation of Change) 13 . MO My Fatherland 14 . Za Rodinu! (For Fatherland) 15 . Common Business 16 . Bloc of Independents 17 . NDR Our Home Russia 18 . Bloc Pamfilova - Gurnov - Lysenko 19 . YABLOKO Yavlinsky Bloc 20 . Russia Forward 21 . Bloc 89 Regions of Russia 22 . KEDR Construct. Ecolog. Ass. of Russia 23 . DVP-OD Democr. Choice of Russia/United Democr. 24 . PRES Party of Russian Unity and Accord 25 . KPRF Communist Party of Russian Federation 26 . BSG Stanislav Govorukhin's Bloc 27 . Association of Russian Advocats 28 . National Republican Party 29 . RPSD Social-Democratic Party (A.Yakovlev) 30 . VN Power to the People 31 . KRO Congress of Russian Communities 32 . Labour Unions and Industry 33 . LDPR Liberal-Democr. Party 34 . Defence for Pensioners 35 . PST Party of Laborers' Self-Governm.(Sv. Fedorov) 36 . KTR Communists - Working Russia ZA4054 Seite 117 von 275

37 . PLP Party of Beer Lovers 38 . Ivan Rybkin Bloc 39 . Party of Economic Freedom 40 . NS People's Union 41 . APR Agrarian Party of Russia 42 . Christian-Democratic Union 43 . Union of Communal Service Workers 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Didn't vote 98 . DK

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in December 1995 (W2).

V296 RU - CANDIDATE VOTE - PRES. ELECTIONS 96

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Question: Which candidate did you vote for in the presidential elections 1996?

Value Label 1 . B. Yeltsin 2 . G. Zyuganov 3 . A. Lebed 4 . W. Zhiriniwskij 5 . G. Yavlinskij 6 . W. Bryntsalov 7 . J. Vlasov 8 . M. Gorbachev 9 . Sv. Fedorov 10 . M. Schakkum 11 . Against all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Didn't vote 98 . DK

Further Information: This question relates to the first round of presidential elections held in June 1996 (W2).

V297 RU - CANDIDATE VOTE 2ND ROUND - PRES. ELECTIONS 96

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Question: Which candidate did you vote for in the second round of the last presidential elections?

Value Label 1 . B. Yeltsin ZA4054 Seite 118 von 275

2 . G. Zyuganov 3 . Against all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Didn't vote 98 . DK

Further Information: This question relates to the second round of presidential elections held in July 1996 (W2).

V298 RU - VOTE IN REGIONAL ELECTIONS 96/97

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Question: Did you vote in the last local elections?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c.) 6 . No local elections 8 . DK

Further Information: This question relates to the regional leaders eletions held from September 1996 to March 1997 (W2).

V299 RU - VOTE INTENTION: PRES. ELECTIONS

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Question: If we had presidential elections next weekend, which candidate would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . B. Yeltsin 2 . G. Zyuganov 3 . A. Lebed 4 . W. Zhiriniwskij 5 . G. Yavlinskij 6 . J. Luzhkov 7 . W. Tschernomyrdn 8 . A. Tschubais 9 . B. Nemcov 10 . Against all 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Wouldn't vote 98 . DK

ZA4054 Seite 119 von 275

V300 SK - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/98

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . SS Freedom Party (W1) 2 . DS Democratic Party 3 . CSS Czechoslovak Socialist Party (W1) 4 . HOS Movmt. for Civil Freedom (W1) 5 . VPS Public Against Violence/HZDS Movmt. for a Democ. Sk. 6 . SB Free Bloc (W1) 7 . OF Civic Forum (W1) 8 . All People Democratic Party (W1) 9 . VSZS Grouping of Interest Unions, Czech (W1) 11 . SZV Alliance of Farmers and Countryside (W1) 12 . ESWS Együtteles Coexistence (W1) 13 . CDF Czechoslovak Democratic Forum (W1) 14 . SNS Slovak National Party 15 . KDH Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 16 . Czechoslovak Union (W1) 17 . SZS Party of Greens (in Slovakia) 18 . HDS Movmt. for Self-Governing Democracy (W1) 19 . SD Social Democracy/SDSS Soc.-Dem. Party in Slovakia 20 . SPP Friends of Beer (W1) 21 . KDU Christian-Democratic Union (W1) 22 . KSCS Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (W1) 23 . KSS Communist Party of Slovakia (W2) 24 . SDL Party of the Democratic Left (W2) 25 . ZRS Association of Workers of Slovakia (W2) 26 . MLHZP Hungarian Movmt. Reconciliation & Prosperity (W2) 27 . SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition (W2) 28 . SOP Party of Civic Understanding (W2) 29 . SDK Slovak Dem. Coalition (W2) 33 . NEI 'Indep. Inititative of the SK Rep.' (W2) 34 . HTC 'The Third Way Movement'(W2) 35 . NSK 'Our Slovakia' (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in June 1990 in Czechoslovakia (that is why some Czech parties are listed here as well) and the parliamentary elections held in September 1998 in Slovakia. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ SMK PARTY OF THE HUNGARIAN COALITION: In 1998 the three Magyar parties Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement (MKDM), CoExistence (ESWS) and Hungarian Civil Party (MPP, not on the list) merged into the SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition. ++ VPN/HZDS: In March 1991 VPN Public Against Violence split up and party leader V. Meciar founded the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) in June 1991 (together with approximately one third of the MP's of the VPN) The leftovers of the VPU renamed themselves into ODU - Civic democratic Union. Because ODU is not listed here, VPN is equated with HZDS. ++ KSCS/SDL, ZRS, KSS: With the communist defeat in 1989, the single political party KSCS was dissolved: The current KSS evolved in 1992 as the merger of two communist, marxist-leninist groups, and adopted the same name as he defunct KSS. SDL was founded by members of the former KSCS. ZRS former part of the SDL was founded as a party in 1994. Smer founded by former SDL deputy Róbert Fico in 1999. ++ SDK - SLOVAK DEMCRATIC COALITION: (1998-2001, comprising DS, SDSS, SZS, DU ZA4054 Seite 120 von 275 and KDH) SDK was set up in JulY 1998 as a five party coalition: KDH, DS, DU, the Social Democratic Party of Slovakia (SDSS) and the Green Party of Slovakia (SZS). Coalition leader and then Prime Minister Mikulás Dzurinda constituted his own party in NovEMBER 2000, the SDKU; DU decided to join the new force but KDH and DS refused to do so, although continued in the government.

V301 SL - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 90/96

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . LDS Liberal Democratic Party 2 . ZS Greens of Slovenia 3 . SKZ Peasants League/SLS People's Party 4 . SKD Slovenian Christian Democrats 5 . SDSS Social Democratic Party of Slovenia 6 . SDZ Democratic League/DSS Democratic Party 7 . LS Liberal Party (W2) 8 . SDP Party of Democratic Renewal (W2) 9 . SSS Socialist Party of Slovenia (W2) 10 . Different Candidates (W2) 11 . DeSUS Democratic Party of Pensioners (W2) 12 . SNS Slovenian National Party (W2) 13 . ZLSD United List of Social Democrats (W2) 14 . Do not remember (W1) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in April 1990 (W1) and November 1996 (W2). LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ SKZ PEASANTS LEAGUE/SLS PEOPLE'S PARTY: The nonpolitical Slovene Peasant League was founded in 1989 and registered as a party in 1990. Renamed in Slovene People's Party in 1991. ++ SDZ DEMOCRATIC LEAGUE/DSS DEMOCRATIC PARTY: The SDZ registered as a party in 1990, absorbed a small social democratic grouping in 1992 and became the DSS.

V302 UA - PARTY VOTE - PARL. ELECTIONS 98

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Question: And which party did you vote for?

Value Label 1 . KPU Communist Party of Ukraine 8 . PZU Green Party of Ukraine 12 . SDPU Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 13 . SPDU(o) United Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 15 . APU Agrarian Party of Ukraine ZA4054 Seite 121 von 275

16 . VZhI Allukr. P. of Women's Initiatives 17 . VPT Party of Workers 19 . VOH All-Ukrain. Ass. 'HROMADA' 24 . NRU Popular Movmt. of Ukraine(former Rukh-U) 25 . NDPU Popular Dem. Party 28 . PDESP Party of Spiritual, Econ. and Soc. Progress 31 . PZV Party of Fatherland's defenders 34 . PMU Party of Muslims of Ukraine 35 . PNERU P. of Nat.-Econ. Developm. of Ukraine 39 . PRVU Party of Region. Rebirth 40 . PRP Party 'Reforms and Order' 42 . SOYUZ Party 'The Union' 43 . PSPU Progressive Socialists 44 . RKhP Republ. Christ. Party 49 . UNA Ukrainian National Assembly 54 . KhDPU Christ.-Democr. P. of Ukraine 57 . RAZOM Bloc Labour P. and Liberal P. 58 . MS Bloc 'Less of words' 59 . SPU-SelPU Socialist Party/Peasants' bloc 60 . VU Bloc 'Ahead, Ukraine' 61 . NEP Bloc of Democratic Parties 62 . TU Bloc 'Labour Ukraine' 63 . YeVU Bloc 'European Choice of Ukraine' 64 . NF Bloc 'National Front' 65 . SLON Bloc 'Social-Liberal. Union' 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v278) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only ask, if voted.

Further Information: This question relates to the parliamentary elections held in March 1998 (W2). LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UKHDP/KHDPU CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS: The Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party (UkhDP) was founded in April 1989. 1992 a moderate fraction split off to form the Christ. Democr. Party of Ukraine (KhDPU). ++ NDPU - POPULAR DEMOCRATIC PARTY: Was formed 1996 by a merger of centrist forces, including the Party of democratic rebirth (PDVU), The Labor Congress of Uk (TKU, not listed here).

V303 CZ - REASON FOR NON-VOTING

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Question: Why didn't you vote?

Value Label 1 . Too young 2 . Sick, couldn't get out 3 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W2), NAP (Not 2 in v278) 8 . DK

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only, if answer in v278 is "No".

ZA4054 Seite 122 von 275

V304 LT - REASON FOR NON-VOTING

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Question: Why didn't you vote?

Value Label 1 . Too young 2 . Sick, couldn't get out 3 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W2), NAP (Not 2 in v278) 8 . DK 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only, if answer in v278 is "No".

V305 PL - REASON FOR NON-VOTING

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Question: Why didn't you vote?

Value Label 1 . Too young 2 . Sick, couldn't get out 3 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W2), NAP (Not 2 in v278) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only, if answer in v278 is "No".

V306 UA - REASON FOR NON-VOTING

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Question: Why didn't you vote?

Value Label 1 . Too young 2 . Sick, couldn't get out 3 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W2), NAP (Not 2 in v278) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only, if answer in v278 is "No".

V307 KR - REASON FOR NON-VOTING

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 123 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Why didn't you vote?

Value Label 1 . Too young 2 . Sick, couldn't get out 3 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W2), NAP (Not 2 in v278) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only, if answer in v278 is "No".

V308 BE - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . APB Belar. Agrarian Party 2 . Belarusian Humanitarian Party 3 . BKhP Belar. Peasant Party 4 . BNarP Belar. People's Party 5 . BNatP Belar. National Party 6 . BPzSS Belar. Party 'For Social Justice' 7 . BPZM Belar. Party 'Green Peace' 8 . NADZEYA Belar. Women's Party 'Hope' 9 . BPZ Belar. Party of Greens 10 . BRP Belar. Party of Labour 11 . BPP Belar. Patriotic Party 12 . BRepP Belar. Republican Party 13 . BSDG Belar. Soc.-Democr. Gramada 14 . BSDPNG Belar. Soc.-Democr. Party 'People's Gramada' 15 . BSP Belar. Socialist Party 16 . BSSP Belar. Social-Sports Party 17 . BKhDP Belar. Christ.-Democr. Party 18 . BEP Belar. Ecol. Party 19 . NFBA 'Belar. People Front 'Adradzhennie' 20 . Belarusian Christ.-Democr. Union 21 . BDZN Movmt. to Defence of People 22 . DDSPS Movmt. for Democr., Soc. Progr. and Justice 23 . ZKhDD Women's Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 24 . KPB Communist Party of Belarus 25 . LDP Liberal-Democr. Party of Belarus 26 . NPV People's Party 'Vozrozhdenie' 27 . NDPB Nat.-Democr. Party of Belarussians 28 . OGP United Civic Party of Belarus 29 . PZS Party of Common Sense 30 . PKB Party of Communists of Belarus 31 . PDBZh Pol. Movmt. 'Belar. Women' 32 . RP Republican Party 33 . RPPS Republican Party of Labour and Justice ZA4054 Seite 124 von 275

34 . Slavonic Sobor 'Belaya Rus' 35 . KhDV Christ.-Democr. Choice 36 . BNF Belarusian People's Front 0 . NAV (Other c.) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

V309 BG - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

V310 CZ - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

17 . SZ Green Party 18 . HDS Movmt. for Self-Governing Democracy (W1) 19 . SD Social Democracy/CSSD Czech Soc.-Democr. Party 20 . SPP Friends of Beer (W1) 21 . KDU/KDU-CSL Christ. Dem. Un.-Cz. People's Party 22 . MKDM Hungarian Christian-Democratic Movmt. (W1) 23 . K4 Four-Party Coalition (W2) 28 . SPR-RSC Assoc. for the Rep./Rep. Party of Cz. (W2) 29 . DZJ Pensioners for Life Securities (W2) 30 . CSNS Czech Nat. Social Party (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Would not vote (W2) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Further Information: PLEASE NOTE: For W1 this variable was generated by the four questions/variables: ++ 1 "Did you vote in the last elections?"++ 2 "Which party did you vote for?"++ 3 "If we had elections next week would you vote for the same party?"++ 4 (If NO) "Which party would you vote for?"++++ LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ OF CIVIC FORUM/ODS CIVIC DEMOCRATIC PARTY: The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) officially came into being in February 1991 after the break-up of Civic Forum. 1995 it absorbed the Christian democratic party (KDS). Actually the OF was divided into two groups: the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the Civic Movement (OH). For the OH is not listed here, ODS is equated with OF. ++ KSCM: The party in its current form was founded in March 1990, but it is effectively the successor party to the KSCS (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia), in power from 1948-1989 ++ KDU-CSL - CHRIST. DEM. MOVEMENT/CHRIST. DEM. UNION: The party contested the 1990 elections in an alliance as KDU. In 1992 it was officially redesignated as the KDU-CSL. ++ K4 PARTY COALITION: Since the Senate elections in 1998 K4 is a coalition formation of Christian Democratic Union/Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-CSL), Freedom Union (US), Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) Democratic Union (DEU).

V311 ES - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

18 . Conserv. People's Party (W1) 19 . ELDP Liberal Democrats/ER Estonian Reform Party 20 . Memento (W1) 21 . Estonian Heritage Soc. (W1) 22 . Royalists (W1) 23 . ESDP Soc.-Democr. Party (W1) 24 . Republican Party (W1) 25 . PK Farmers Assembly 26 . KESK Estonian Center Party (W2) 27 . EKRP Estonian Christian People's Party (W2) 28 . ESDTP Estonian Social Democratic Labour Party (W2) 29 . EÜRP Estonian United People's Party (W2) 30 . IERSP Isamaaliit - Homeland Alliance (W2) 31 . M Moderates (W2) 32 . VBEE Russian Baltic Party in Estonia (W2) 33 . VEE Russian Party in Estonia (W2) 34 . VÜP Russian Unity Party (W2) 90 . Other 95 . Would vote for single candidate (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Would not vote (W2) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Further Information: PLEASE NOTE: For W1 this variable was generated by the four questions/variables: ++ 1 "Did you vote in the last elections?"++ 2 "Which party did you vote for?"++ 3 "If we had elections next week would you vote for the same party?"++ 4 (If NO) "Which party would you vote for?"++++ LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ ELDP ESTONIAN LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY/ER ESTONIAN REFORM PARTY: ELDP contested parliamentary elections 1992 as part of the Pro Patria coalition. ER was founded 1994 and from then on included also the ELDP. ++ IERSP ISAMAALIIT/HOMELAND ALLIANCE: In 1995 the Fatherland National Coalition (RKI) (an alliance of different christian democratic and right-of- center parties) and the Estonian National Independence Party (ERSP) merged into the IERSP. ++ M MODERATES: Electoral coalition for the 1992 and 1995 elections, formed by the Estonian Social Democratic Party (ESDP) and the Estonian Rural Center Party (EMK). The Moderates were registered as a party 1996. ++ EM/EME/ERL ESTONIAN PEOPLE'S UNION: EME was founded in 1994 from a rural parliamentary caucus existing since 1992. 1999 it changed its name to ERL and merged with the Estonian Rural Union (EM) and the Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (EPPE - not listed here) in 2000. The new party retained the name ERL. This is why EM (in W1) and ERL (in W2) are combined in one value.

V312 GE - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

9 . FWG Community Party (W2) 10 . DKP German Communist Party (W2) 11 . DSU German Social Union (W1) 12 . ÖDP Ecol. Democr. Party (W1) 13 . 'Graue' Greys (W1) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Would not vote (W2) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

V313 HU - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . FIDESZ-MPP All.of Young Democrats/Hung.Civic Party 2 . FKGP Indep. Party of Smallhold./Agrar. Workers and Citiz. 3 . MDF Hung. Democr. Forum 4 . MIEP Hung. Justice and Life Party (W2) 5 . MSZP Hung. Socialist Party 6 . SZDSZ All. of Free Democrats 7 . KDNP Christ.-Democr. People Party (W1) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

V314 LV - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . TKB People's Union 'Freedom' 2 . MZ Maras Zeme Party 'Land of Mara' 3 . KP Conservative Party 4 . LC Union 'Latvia's Way' 5 . SSO Soc.-Democr. Women's Org. ZA4054 Seite 128 von 275

6 . TSP National Harmony Party 7 . JP New Party 8 . DP -LKDS-LZP Lab. P./Union of Christ.-Dem./Latv. Green P. 9 . LZS Latvian Farmer's Union 10 . DPS Democratic Party 'Saimnieks' 11 . TKL People's Movement For Latvia /Siegerist Party 12 . Latvian National Reform Party 13 . NPP National Progress Party 14 . TP People's Party 15 . LSDA Association of Latvian Social Democrats 16 . LVP Latvian Unity Party 17 . TB-LNNK Union 'For Fatherland and. Freedom'/LNNK 18 . LNDP Latvian National Democr. Party 19 . Democrats' Party 20 . Helsinki-86 21 . LAP Latvia's Rebirth Party 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Would not vote 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

V315 LT - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . LCS Lithuanian Center Union 2 . LDP Lithuanian Democr. Party 3 . LKDP Lithuanian Christian Democr. Party 4 . LLL Lithuanian Freedom League 5 . LLS Lithuanian Freedom Union 6 . LLRA Election Action of Lith. Poles 7 . UTL Lithuanian People's Union 'For Just Lithuania' 8 . LLS Lithuanian Liberal Union 9 . LNDP Lithuanian National Democr. Party 10 . JL-NA -PKS 'Young Lith.', 'New Nation. a. Pol. Pris. Union' 11 . SD2000 Lithuanian Party 'Socialdemocracy 2000' 12 . LPKTS "Lithuanian Union of Pol. Prisoners and Deportees" 13 . LRS Lithuanian Russians Union 14 . LSDP Lithuanian Soc.-Democr.Party 15 . LTS Lithuanian Nationalists Union 16 . LVP Lithuanian Peasants Party 17 . Modern Crist.-Democr. Union 18 . ND -WP New Democratic/Womens' Party 19 . NS New Union (Social Liberals) 20 . NKS Moderate Conservatives Union 21 . TS (LK) Homeland Union (Lith. Conserv.) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) ZA4054 Seite 129 von 275

96 . Would not vote 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

V316 PL - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . PSL Polish Peasant Party 6 . UD Democratic Union/UW Freedom Union 13 . AWS Electoral Action 'Solidarity' 14 . ChD III RP Christ.Democr. of the 3rd Rep. 15 . KPEiR National Pensioners Party 16 . KPEiR RP National Alliance of Pensioners 17 . PL-D Peasant Democratic Party 18 . ROP Movement for Reconstruction of Poland 19 . SLD Alliance of the Democratic Left 20 . UPR Union of Political Realism 21 . UP Union of Labour 22 . ZZR 'SamoObrona', 'Selfdefence' 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 96 . Would not vote 98 . DK 99 . NA

Further Information: LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UD/UW: ROAD (Citizens' Movement-Democratic Action) was founded in 1990 and later renamed into UD. 1994 the UD merged with the KLD (Liberal Democratic Congress - not represented in the list) to form the UW.

V317 RO - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

8 . PER Romanian Ecologist Party 9 . PSDR Rom. Socialist Dem. P./ PDSR Rom. Soc. Democracy P. 10 . PS Socialist Party (W2) 11 . PSDR Romanian Social Democratic Party 12 . VR Vatra Romaneasca Romanias hearth 13 . Independent Candidate 14 . PSM Socialist Party of Labour 15 . CDR Democratic Convention of Romania (W2) 16 . PRM Greater Romania Party (W2) 17 . USD (PD+PSDR) Social Dem. Union (W2) 18 . ANL Nat. Liberal Alliance (W2) 19 . PAC Civic Alliance Party (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Further Information: PLEASE NOTE: For W1 this variable was generated by the four questions/variables: ++ 1 "Did you vote in the last elections?"++ 2 "Which party did you vote for?"++ 3 "If we had elections next week would you vote for the same party?"++ 4 (If NO) "Which party would you vote for?"++++ LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ PD-FSN/USD: The National Salvation Front FSN that came to power on 22 Dec 1989 constitued itself as a party in February 1990. Since the elections 1992 it calls itself PD-FSN or simply PD. The Romanian Social Democratic Party PSDR (not to be confused with the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR) and the FSN-PD formed the electoral alliance USD in 1996. ++ PDSR - SOCIAL DEMOCRACY PARTY IN ROMANIA: The PDSR was founded by merger of the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR, the Democratic National Salvation Front FSND (splinter group of the FSN) and the Republican Party RP (the latter are not on the list). ++ CDR: The CDR was launched as an alliance in 1990. Major members have been PNTCD, PNL (out Apr 1992- Dec 1995), and the Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER). PSDR, PL'93 and PAC quitted in 1995. By early 2000 CDR was comprised by PNTCD, PNL, FER and the Romanian Ecologist Party (PER). ++ PUNR: The PUNR was organized as the political arm of the Romanian nationalist Romanian Heart (Vatra Romaneasca).

V318 SK - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

17 . SZS Party of Greens (in Slovakia) 18 . HDS Movmt. for Self-Governing Democracy (W1) 19 . SD Social Democracy/SDSS Soc.-Dem. Party in Slovakia 20 . SPP Friends of Beer (W1) 21 . KDU Christian-Democratic Union (W1) 22 . KSCS Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (W1) 23 . KSS Communist Party of Slovakia (W2) 24 . SDL Party of the Democratic Left (W2) 25 . ZRS Association of Workers of Slovakia (W2) 26 . MLHZP Hungarian Movmt. Reconciliation & Prosperity (W2) 27 . SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition (W2) 28 . SOP Party of Civic Understanding (W2) 29 . SDK Slovak Dem. Coalition (W2) 30 . SDKU Slovak Democr. & Christ. Union (W2) 31 . SMER Direction (W2) 32 . LDU Liberal-Democr. Union (W2) 36 . ROI Romany Civil Initiative (W2) 37 . STRED Center (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 96 . Would not vote (W2) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Further Information: PLEASE NOTE: For W1 this variable was generated by the four questions/variables: ++ 1 "Did you vote in the last elections?"++ 2 "Which party did you vote for?"++ 3 "If we had elections next week would you vote for the same party?"++ 4 (If NO) "Which party would you vote for?"++++ LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ SMK PARTY OF THE HUNGARIAN COALITION: In 1998 the three Magyar parties Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement (MKDM), CoExistence (ESWS) and Hungarian Civil Party (MPP, not on the list) merged into the SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition. ++ VPN/HZDS: In March 1991 VPN Public Against Violence split up and party leader V. Meciar founded the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) in June 1991 (together with approximately one third of the MP's of the VPN) The leftovers of the VPU renamed themselves into ODU - Civic democratic Union. Because ODU is not listed here, VPN is equated with HZDS. ++ KSCS/SDL, ZRS, KSS: With the communist defeat in 1989, the single political party KSCS was dissolved: The current KSS evolved in 1992 as the merger of two communist, marxist-leninist groups, and adopted the same name as he defunct KSS. SDL was founded by members of the former KSCS. ZRS former part of the SDL was founded as a party in 1994. Smer founded by former SDL deputy Róbert Fico in 1999. ++ SDK - SLOVAK DEMCRATIC COALITION: (1998-2001, comprising DS, SDSS, SZS, DU and KDH) SDK was set up in JulY 1998 as a five party coalition: KDH, DS, DU, the Social Democratic Party of Slovakia (SDSS) and the Green Party of Slovakia (SZS). Coalition leader and then Prime Minister Mikulás Dzurinda constituted his own party in NovEMBER 2000, the SDKU; DU decided to join the new force but KDH and DS refused to do so, although continued in the government.

V319 SL - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

7 . LS Liberal Party (W2) 8 . SDP Party of Democratic Renewal (W2) 9 . SSS Socialist Party of Slovenia (W2) 11 . DeSUS Democratic Party of Pensioners (W2) 12 . SNS Slovenian National Party (W2) 13 . ZLSD United List of Social Democrats (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

V320 UA - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 95 ; 96 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Value Label 1 . KPU Communist Party of Ukraine 2 . PDVU Party of Dem. Rebirth (W1) 3 . DPU Democratic Party of Ukraine 4 . National Party of the Ukraine (W1) 5 . UkhDP Ukrain. Christ. Dem. Party 6 . LDPU Liberal-Democratic Party of UA 7 . URP Ukr. Republican Party 8 . PZU Green Party of Ukraine 9 . UNP Ukrainian National Party (W1) 10 . USDP Uk. Peasants' Dem. Party 11 . Republican Party of the Ukraine 12 . SDPU Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 13 . SPDU(o) United Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 14 . KDPU Constitutional Democratic Party 15 . APU Agrarian Party of Ukraine (W2) 16 . VZhI Allukr. P. of Women's Initiatives (W2) 17 . VPT Party of Workers (W2) 18 . Party of civic consent (W2) 19 . VOH All-Ukrain. Ass. 'HROMADA' (W2) 20 . DSU Ukrainian Statehood and Independence (W2) 21 . GKU Civic Congress of Ukraine (W2) 22 . KUN Congr. of Ukr. Nationalists in UA (W2) 23 . LPU Liberal Party of Ukraine (W2) 24 . NRU Popular Movmt. of Ukraine(former Rukh-U) (W2) 25 . NDPU Popular Dem. Party (W2) 26 . OUNvU Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists in Ukraine (W2) ZA4054 Seite 133 von 275

27 . PVSPU Party of Peasants and Entrepreneurs (W2) 28 . PDESP Party of Spiritual, Econ. and Soc. Progress (W2) 29 . PEV Party of Econ. Rebirth (W2) 30 . PZhU Party 'Women of Ukraine' (W2) 31 . PZV Party of Fatherland's defenders (W2) 32 . PK(b)U P. of Communist of Ukraine (W2) 33 . MBR Interregional Reform Bloc (W2) 34 . PMU Party of Muslims of Ukraine (W2) 35 . PNERU P. of Nat.-Econ. Developm. of Ukraine (W2) 36 . PNPU P. of National Salvation of Ukraine (W2) 37 . PPU Party of Work (W2) 38 . PRBU Party of Rehabilitation of seriously ill people (W2) 39 . PRVU Party of Region. Rebirth (W2) 40 . PRP Party 'Reforms and Order' (W2) 41 . PSYeU Party of Slavic Unity (W2) 42 . SOYUZ Party 'The Union' (W2) 43 . PSPU Progressive Socialists (W2) 44 . RKhP Republ. Christ. Party (W2) 45 . SelPU Peasents' Party of Ukraine (W2) 46 . SNPU Soc.-national Party (W2) 47 . SPU Socialist Party (W2) 48 . UKRP Ukrain. Conserv. Republ. Party (W2) 49 . UNA Ukrainian National Assembly (W2) 50 . UNKP Uk. Nat. conservative Party (W2) 51 . UPSSS Ukr. P. of Solidarity a. Soc. Justice (W2) 52 . UPS Ukrainian Party of Justice (W2) 53 . PshPU P. of Beer Lovers of Ukraine (W2) 54 . KhDPU Christ.-Democr. P. of Ukraine (W2) 55 . Christian-liberal unions (W2) 56 . Christian-national unions (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 95 . None (W2) 96 . Shall not vote (W2) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

V321 KR - SUNDAY QUESTION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

ZA4054 Seite 134 von 275

Value Label 1 . Democratic Russia 2 . Democratic Party of Russia 3 . Social Democratic Party Rus 4 . Republican Party 5 . Liberal-Democratic Party 6 . Socialist Party 7 . Constitutional Democrats 8 . Constitutional Democratic Party 9 . Christian Democrats 10 . Christian Democratic Movement 11 . Peasants' Party 12 . Democratic Union 13 . Confederation of the Anarcho-Syndicalists 14 . Orthodox-monarchistic Union 15 . United Workers of the USSR 16 . Communist Party 17 . Communist Party of the SU 18 . Marx Peasants 19 . Unity Leninism and Communist Ideal 20 . National-Patriotic Front 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.) 99 . NA

V322 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY: PROVIDE JOB

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: On the whole do you think it should or should not be the government's responsibility to... Provide a job for everyone who wants one.

Value Label 1 . Definitely should be 2 . Probably should be 3 . Probably should not be 4 . Definitely should not be 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#__.

V323 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY: HEALTH CARE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

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Question: On the whole do you think it should or should not be the government's responsibility to... Provide health care for the sick.

Value Label 1 . Definitely should be 2 . Probably should be 3 . Probably should not be 4 . Definitely should not be 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#__.

V324 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY: LIVING STANDARD FOR THE OLD

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: On the whole do you think it should or should not be the government's responsibility to... Provide a decent standard of living for the old.

Value Label 1 . Definitely should be 2 . Probably should be 3 . Probably should not be 4 . Definitely should not be 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#__.

V325 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY: LIVING STANDARD FOR UNEMPLOYED

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: On the whole do you think it should or should not be the government's responsibility to... Provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed.

Value Label 1 . Definitely should be 2 . Probably should be 3 . Probably should not be 4 . Definitely should not be 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#__.

V326 GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY: REDUCE INCOME DIFFERENCES

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 136 von 275

Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: On the whole do you think it should or should not be the government's responsibility to... Reduce income differences between the rich and poor.

Value Label 1 . Definitely should be 2 . Probably should be 3 . Probably should not be 4 . Definitely should not be 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#__.

V327 GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES: INFLATION/UNEMPLOYMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: If the government had to choose between keeping down inflation or keeping down unemployment, which of these two goals should, in your opinion, be given the highest priority?

Value Label 1 . Keeping down inflation 2 . Keeping down unemployment 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V328 ACTION AGAINST BAD GOVERNMENT DECISION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: If the government made a decision which violated people's interests, ... 1 - Could you do something against it? (W1) 1 - Could you do something about it? (W2) 2 - Couldn't you do anything against it? (W1) 2 - Couldn't you do something about it? (W2)

Value Label 1 . Could do something 2 . Could not do something 5 . Other (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V329 ACTION AGAINST BAD LOCAL DECISION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ; ZA4054 Seite 137 von 275

Question: If your local council made a decision which violated people's interests, ... 1 - Could you do something against it? (W1) 1 - Could you do something about it? (W2) 2 - Couldn't you do anything against it? (W1) 2 - Couldn't you do something about it? (W2)

Value Label 1 . Could do something 2 . Could not do something 5 . Other (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V330 LIVING CONDITION IN WESTERN COUNTRY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you think that if you had lived in a western country ... 1 - You would have got on better. 2 - It would have been the same. 3 - It would have been worse. +++++++ In Latvia, Bulgaria and Romania (W2): 1 - You would have got on better. 2 - It would have been the same or worse.

Value Label 1 . Better 2 . Same 3 . Worse 4 . Same/Worse (BG, LV, RO, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V331 DEMOCRACY: NEEDS WESTERN DEVELOPMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. Our country needs a kind of development typical of the western countries.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK 9 . NA

V332 DEMOCRACY: WILL NEVER BE CONSOLIDATED

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. Democracy will never be consolidated in our country.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK 9 . NA

V333 DEMOCRACY: SAME AS IN WESTERN EUROPE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. We have got the same kind of democracy here as in Western European countries.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK 9 . NA

V334 DEMOCRACY: CONSOLIDATION AS DIFFICULT PROCESS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. Democracy in ______(country) will be consolidated in a difficult process.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK 9 . NA

V335 DEMOCRACY: NOT YET ACCOMPLISHED

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. You can't say that democracy has already been accomplished in ______(country).

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK ZA4054 Seite 139 von 275

9 . NA

V336 RU - COUNTRY HAS OWN, DIFFERENT WAY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. Russia should keep going its own way, even though it is different from other countries.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2)

V337 IN DEMOCRACY PROBLEMS WILL BE SOLVED

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you think that in democracy the problems of our country ...

Value Label 1 . Will be solved 2 . Will remain the same 3 . Will get more serious 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V338 NATIONAL POLITICAL SITUATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: How do you judge the political situation of the country?

Value Label 1 . Very good 2 . Quite good 3 . Neither good nor bad (So-so, W2) 4 . Rather bad 5 . Very bad 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

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V339 CHANGE IN POLITICAL SITUATION IN (COUNTRY)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: How do you think the political situation of ______(country) will change next year? Do you think it ...

Value Label 1 . Will improve 2 . Will remain the same 3 . Will get worse 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V340 STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN (COUNTRY): CONTENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Taking everything into account, how contented are you with the present state of democracy in ______(country)?

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V341 PARTIES: PARTIES NEEDED

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: We need political parties if we want democratic development.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

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V342 PARTIES: NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PARTIES

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: I can't see any difference between the existing parties.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V343 PARTIES: PROVIDE PARTICIPATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Parties provide opportunity to participate in political activities.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V344 PARTIES: SERVE LEADERS' INTERESTS

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Parties only serve their leaders' interests.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V345 CHOOSE (COUNTRY) IF CHOICE

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Question: If you had a chance to choose which country you could live in, would you choose ______(country e.g. ZA4054 Seite 142 von 275

Hungary)?

Value Label 1 . Definitely 2 . Probably yes 3 . Probably no 4 . By no means/absolutely not 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V346 DEVELOPMENT SINCE END OF (SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST) REGIME

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Question: Taking everything into account, since the end of the ______(state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.) things have been getting on ...

Value Label 1 . Better than expected 2 . Worse than expected 3 . As expected 4 . Some better, some worse 0 . NAP (1 in v669) 6 . Was too young (PL, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V347 WHAT TO DO WITH COMPANIES

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Question: There is considerable argument concerning the ownership of companies. What do you think the right solution would be? 1 - Companies should be given back to the original owners. 2 - They should be sold to those who offer most, even if the buyers are foreigners. 3 - The companies should be given to the workers. 4 - They should remain state property.

Value Label 1 . Returned to the original owner 2 . Sold to the best bidder, even to foreigners 3 . Given to workers 4 . Remain state property 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

V348 WHAT TO DO WITH AGRICULTURAL LAND

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Question: According to your opinion, what should we do in your country with the ownership of agricultural land? 1 - The land should be returned to those who owned it before collectivization. 2 - The land should be sold to the highest bidder. 3 - It should be kept in its present form in the hand of the collective farms. 4 - The collective farms should retain ownership and they should be allowed to either sell or lease the land. 5 - The lands should be owned by the local communites/villages. 6 - They should be given to those who were employed by the state to work on them (only asked in Romania).

Value Label 1 . Returned to the original owner 2 . Sold to the best bidder 3 . Remain in the hands of the collective farms 4 . Remain property of coll. farms to be sold/leased by them 5 . Owned by the local communities/villages 6 . Given to former employees who worked on them (only RO) 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V349 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: STRIKE

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Capitalist economy: strike.

Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V350 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: FREEDOM

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

ZA4054 Seite 144 von 275

V351 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: INEQUALITY

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V352 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: TECHNICAL PROGRESS

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V353 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: WEALTH

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V354 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: SELFISHNESS ZA4054 Seite 145 von 275

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V355 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: POWER

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V356 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: PROFIT

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V357 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: JUSTICE

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V358 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: SCARCITY

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V359 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: HUMANE

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V360 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: PROGRESS

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ZA4054 Seite 147 von 275

Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V361 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: PLANNING

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V362 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: EFFICACY

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V363 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: REPRESSION

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V364 CAPITALIST ECONOMY: CORRUPTION

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V365 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: STRIKE

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V366 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: FREEDOM

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Value Label ZA4054 Seite 149 von 275

1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V367 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: INEQUALITY

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V368 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: TECHNICAL PROGRESS

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V369 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: WEALTH

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen ZA4054 Seite 150 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V370 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: SELFISHNESS

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V371 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: POWER

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V372 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: PROFIT

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 151 von 275

9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V373 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: JUSTICE

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V374 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: SCARCITY

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V375 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: HUMANE

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 152 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V376 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: PROGRESS

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V377 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: PLANNING

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V378 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: EFFICACY

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

ZA4054 Seite 153 von 275

V379 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: REPRESSION

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V380 SOCIALIST ECONOMY: CORRUPTION

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Value Label 1 . Chosen 2 . Not chosen 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V381 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: STRIKE

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Strike.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

ZA4054 Seite 154 von 275

V382 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: FREEDOM

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Freedom.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V383 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: INEQUALITY

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Inequality.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V384 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: TECHNICAL PROGRESS

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Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

ZA4054 Seite 155 von 275

V385 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: WEALTH

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Wealth.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V386 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: SELFISHNESS

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Selfishness.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V387 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: POWER

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Power.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__. ZA4054 Seite 156 von 275

V388 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: PROFIT

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Profit.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V389 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: JUSTICE

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Justice.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V390 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: SCARCITY

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Scarcity.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 157 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V391 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: HUMANE

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Humane.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V392 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: PROGRESS

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Progress.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V393 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: PLANNING

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Planning.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA ZA4054 Seite 158 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V394 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: EFFICACY

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Efficacy.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V395 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: REPRESSION

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Repression.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V396 HU, PL - CAPITALIST OR SOCIALIST ECONOMY: CORRUPTION

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Question: Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a. of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b. and of the socialist economy without private firms? Corruption.

Value Label 1 . Capitalism 2 . Socialism 3 . Both (HU) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK ZA4054 Seite 159 von 275

9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show cards #__.

V397 AGREE: CAPITALIST ECONOMY BEST

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree are disagree with the following statements: The capitalist economy, based on free private initiative, is the best economic system for our country.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V398 AGREE: CAPITALIST ECONOMY SOLVES PROBLEMS

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree are disagree with the following statements: The capitalist economy, based on free private initiative, will enable us to resolve the problems that we ______(e.g. Hungarians) face.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V399 BG - CAPITALIST ECONOMY DOES NOT SOLVE PROBLEMS

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree are disagree with the following statements: The capitalist economy, based on free private initiative, won't enable us to resolve the problems that we Bulgarians face.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 160 von 275

V400 MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

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Question: There is a lot of debate about the way of management of industrial enterprises. Which of the following four opinions most resembles yours? Please select only one. 1 - The owners of the enterprise should manage the enterprise or name the director of the enterprise. 2 - The owners and the employees should participate together in the naming of the management. 3 - The property should be state-owned and the state should name the managers. 4 - The property should be owned by the employees and the employees should name the managers.

Value Label 1 . Owners manage 2 . Employees participate 3 . State-owned 4 . Employees own 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V401 CLOSE TO PARTY

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Pre-Question text: Now I would like to ask you some questions about political parties and movements in ______(country).

Question: Among the political parties and political movements in ______(country) is there any that you usually feel closer to?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No (W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Further Information: This question was coded as 1 "Yes" and 9 "NA" in W1.

V402 BE - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

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Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . APB Belar. Agrarian Party 2 . Belarusian Humanitarian Party 3 . BKhP Belar. Peasant Party 4 . BNarP Belar. People's Party ZA4054 Seite 161 von 275

5 . BNatP Belar. National Party 6 . BPzSS Belar. Party 'For Social Justice' 7 . BPZM Belar. Party 'Green Peace' 8 . NADZEYA Belar. Women's Party 'Hope' 9 . BPZ Belar. Party of Greens 10 . BRP Belar. Party of Labour 11 . BPP Belar. Patriotic Party 12 . BRepP Belar. Republican Party 13 . BSDG Belar. Soc.-Democr. Gramada 14 . BSDPNG Belar. Soc.-Democr. Party 'People's Gramada' 15 . BSP Belar. Socialist Party 16 . BSSP Belar. Social-Sports Party 17 . BKhDP Belar. Christ.-Democr. Party 18 . BEP Belar. Ecol. Party 19 . NFBA 'Belar. People Front 'Adradzhennie' 20 . Belarusian Christ.-Democr. Union 21 . BDZN Movmt. to Defence of People 22 . DDSPS Movmt. for Democr., Soc. Progr. and Justice 23 . ZKhDD Women's Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 24 . KPB Communist Party of Belarus 25 . LDP Liberal-Democr. Party of Belarus 26 . NPV People's Party 'Vozrozhdenie' 27 . NDPB Nat.-Democr. Party of Belarussians 28 . OGP United Civic Party of Belarus 29 . PZS Party of Common Sense 30 . PKB Party of Communists of Belarus 31 . PDBZh Pol. Movmt. 'Belar. Women' 32 . RP Republican Party 33 . RPPS Republican Party of Labour and Justice 34 . Slavonic Sobor 'Belaya Rus' 35 . KhDV Christ.-Democr. Choice 36 . BNF Belarusian People's Front 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v308 and v126.

V403 BG - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

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Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . ODS United Democr. Forces 2 . BSP Bulg. Socialist Party 3 . BSDP Bulg. Social. Democr. Party 4 . DPS Movmt. for Rights and Freedoms ZA4054 Seite 162 von 275

5 . BBB Bulg. Business Bloc 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v309 and v127.

V404 CZ - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

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Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . SS Freedom Party (W1) 2 . DS Democratic Party (W1) 3 . CSS Czecho-Slovak Socialist Party (W1) 4 . HOS Movmt. for Civic Freedom (W1) 5 . VPN Public Against Violence (W1) 6 . SB Free Bloc (W1) 7 . OF Civic Forum/ODS Civic Democratic Party 8 . Coalition of the All-People Democratic Party (W1) 9 . VSZS Grouping of Interest Unions, Czech (W1) 10 . KSCS/KSCM Communist P. of CSFR/of Bohemia & Moravia 11 . SZV Alliance of Farmers and the Countryside (W1) 12 . ESWS Egyuetteles Coexistence 13 . CDF Czechoslovak Democratic Forum (W1) 14 . SNS Slovak National Party (W1) 15 . KDH Christ.-Democr. Movement (W1) 17 . SZ Green Party 18 . HDS Movmt. for Self-Governing Democracy (W1) 19 . SD Social Democracy/CSSD Czech Soc.-Democr. Party 20 . SPP Friends of Beer (W1) 21 . KDU/KDU-CSL Christ. Dem. Un.-Cz. People's Party 22 . MKDM Hungarian Christian-Democratic Movmt. (W1) 23 . K4 Four-Party Coalition (W2) 28 . SPR-RSC Assoc. for the Rep./Rep. Party of Cz. (W2) 29 . DZJ Pensioners for Life Securities (W2) 30 . CSNS Czech Nat. Social Party (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v310 and v128. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ OF CIVIC FORUM/ODS CIVIC DEMOCRATIC PARTY: The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) officially ZA4054 Seite 163 von 275 came into being in February 1991 after the break-up of Civic Forum. 1995 it absorbed the Christian democratic party (KDS). Actually the OF was divided into two groups: the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and the Civic Movement (OH). For the OH is not listed here, ODS is equated with OF. ++ KSCM: The party in its current form was founded in March 1990, but it is effectively the successor party to the KSCS (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia), in power from 1948-1989 ++ KDU -CSL - CHRIST. DEM. MOVEMENT/CHRIST. DEM. UNION: The party contested the 1990 elections in an alliance as KDU. In 1992 it was officially redesignated as the KDU -CSL. ++ K4 PARTY COALITION: Since the Senate elections in 1998 K4 is a coalition formation of Christian Democratic Union/Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-CSL), Freedom Union (US), Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) Democratic Union (DEU).

V405 ES - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

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Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . Democr. Party (W1) 2 . Democr. Union 'Free Estonia' (W1) 3 . EEE Estonian Entrepreneurs' Party (W1) 4 . Interfront (W1) 5 . Citizen Committee (W1) 6 . Estonian Communist Party (W1) 7 . CPSU (W1) 8 . Christian Democrats (W1) 9 . EMK Rural Centrist Party (W1) 10 . EM/EME/ERL Estonian People's Union 11 . Popular Front 12 . ERSP Estonian Nat. Independence Party (W1) 13 . Green Movmt. (W1) 14 . Green Party (W1) 15 . Council of Work Collectives (W1) 16 . Congress of Estonia (W1) 17 . Association of Individuals (W1) 18 . Conserv. People's Party (W1) 19 . ELDP Liberal Democrats/ER Estonian Reform Party 20 . Memento (W1) 21 . Estonian Heritage Soc. (W1) 22 . Royalists (W1) 23 . ESDP Soc.-Democr. Party (W1) 24 . Republican Party (W1) 25 . PK Farmers Assembly 26 . KESK Estonian Center Party (W2) 27 . EKRP Estonian Christian People's Party (W2) 28 . ESDTP Estonian Social Democratic Labour Party (W2) 29 . EÜRP Estonian United People's Party (W2) 30 . IERSP Isamaaliit - Homeland Alliance (W2) 31 . M Moderates (W2) 32 . VBEE Russian Baltic Party in Estonia (W2) 33 . VEE Russian Party in Estonia (W2) 34 . VÜP Russian Unity Party (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 164 von 275

99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v311 and v129. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ ELDP ESTONIAN LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY/ER ESTONIAN REFORM PARTY: ELDP contested parliamentary elections 1992 as part of the Pro Patria coalition. ER was founded 1994 and from then on included also the ELDP. ++ IERSP ISAMAALIIT/HOMELAND ALLIANCE: In 1995 the Fatherland National Coalition (RKI) (an alliance of different christian democratic and right-of-center parties) and the Estonian National Independence Party (ERSP) merged into the IERSP. ++ M MODERATES: Electoral coalition for the 1992 and 1995 elections, formed by the Estonian Social Democratic Party (ESDP) and the Estonian Rural Center Party (EMK). The Moderates were registered as a party 1996. ++ EM/EME/ERL ESTONIAN PEOPLE'S UNION: EME was founded in 1994 from a rural parliamentary caucus existing since 1992. 1999 it changed its name to ERL and merged with the Estonian Rural Union (EM) and the Estonian Pensioners' and Families' League (EPPE - not listed here) in 2000. The new party retained the name ERL. This is why EM (in W1) and ERL (in W2) are combined in one value.

V406 GE - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . SPD Social Democrats 2 . CDU/CSU Christ. Democr. Union/Christ. Social Union 3 . Alliance 90/Greens 4 . F.D.P Free Democrats 5 . PDS Party for Democr. Socialism 6 . REP The Republicans 7 . DVU German Peoples Union 8 . NPD National Democr. Party of Germany 9 . FWG Community Party (W2) 10 . DKP German Communist Party (W2) 11 . DSU German Social Union (W1) 12 . ÖDP Ecol. Democr. Party (W1) 13 . 'Graue' Greys (W1) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v312 and v130.

V407 HU - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

ZA4054 Seite 165 von 275

Value Label 1 . FIDESZ-MPP All.of Young Democrats/Hung.Civic Party 2 . FKGP Indep. Party of Smallhold./Agrar. Workers and Citiz. 3 . MDF Hung. Democr. Forum 4 . MIEP Hung. Justice and Life Party (W2) 5 . MSZP Hung. Socialist Party 6 . SZDSZ All. of Free Democrats 7 . KDNP Christ.-Democr. People Party (W1) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v313.

V408 LV - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . TKB People's Union 'Freedom' 2 . MZ Maras Zeme Party 'Land of Mara' 3 . KP Conservative Party 4 . LC Union 'Latvia's Way' 5 . SSO Soc.-Democr. Women's Org. 6 . TSP National Harmony Party 7 . JP New Party 8 . DP -LKDS-LZP Lab. P./Union of Christ.-Dem./Latv. Green P. 9 . LZS Latvian Farmer's Union 10 . DPS Democratic Party 'Saimnieks' 11 . TKL People's Movement For Latvia /Siegerist Party 12 . Latvian National Reform Party 13 . NPP National Progress Party 14 . TP People's Party 15 . LSDA Association of Latvian Social Democrats 16 . LVP Latvian Unity Party 17 . TB-LNNK Union 'For Fatherland and. Freedom'/LNNK 18 . LNDP Latvian National Democr. Party 19 . Democrats' Party 20 . Helsinki-86 21 . LAP Latvia's Rebirth Party 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

ZA4054 Seite 166 von 275

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v314.

V409 LT - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v315 and v131.

V410 PL - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . PSL Polish Peasant Party ZA4054 Seite 167 von 275

2 . KPN Confederation for an Independent Poland (W1) 3 . SdRP Social Democracy of Republic of Poland (W1) 4 . ROAD Citizens' Movmt. For Democratic Action (W1) 5 . FPD Forum of Democratic Right (W1) 6 . UD Democratic Union/UW Freedom Union 7 . PC Center Alliance (W1) 8 . PPS Polish Socialist Party (W1) 9 . SD Democratic Party (W1) 10 . S Solidarity Trade Union (W1) 11 . OPZZ All Poland Trade Union Accord (W1) 12 . Ruch Ludzi Pracy Labour People Movmt. (W1) 13 . AWS Electoral Action 'Solidarity' (W2) 14 . ChD III RP Christ.Democr. of the 3rd Rep. (W2) 15 . KPEiR National Pensioners Party (W2) 16 . KPEiR RP National Alliance of Pensioners (W2) 17 . PL-D Peasant Democratic Party (W2) 18 . ROP Movement for Reconstruction of Poland (W2) 19 . SLD Alliance of the Democratic Left (W2) 20 . UPR Union of Political Realism (W2) 21 . UP Union of Labour (W2) 22 . ZZR 'SamoObrona', 'Selfdefence' (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v316 and v132. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UD/UW: ROAD (Citizens' Movement-Democratic Action) was founded in 1990 and later renamed into UD. 1994 the UD merged with the KLD (Liberal Democratic Congress - not represented in the list) to form the UW.

V411 RO - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 2 . UDMR Dem. Alliance of Hungarians in Rom. 6 . PUNR Party of Rom. National Unity 9 . PSDR Rom. Socialist Dem. P./ PDSR Rom. Soc. Democracy P. 10 . PS Socialist Party 14 . PSM Socialist Party of Labour 15 . CDR Democratic Convention of Romania 16 . PRM Greater Romania Party 17 . USD (PD+PSDR) Social Dem. Union 18 . ANL Nat. Liberal Alliance 19 . PAC Civic Alliance Party 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK ZA4054 Seite 168 von 275

99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v317 and v133. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ PD-FSN/USD: The National Salvation Front FSN that came to power on 22 Dec 1989 constitued itself as a party in February 1990. Since the elections 1992 it calls itself PD-FSN or simply PD. The Romanian Social Democratic Party PSDR (not to be confused with the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR) and the FSN-PD formed the electoral alliance USD in 1996. ++ PDSR - SOCIAL DEMOCRACY PARTY IN ROMANIA: The PDSR was founded by merger of the Romanian Socialist Party PSDR, the Democratic National Salvation Front FSND (splinter group of the FSN) and the Republican Party RP (the latter are not on the list). ++ CDR: The CDR was launched as an alliance in 1990. Major members have been PNTCD, PNL (out Apr 1992-Dec 1995), and the Romanian Ecologist Movement (MER). PSDR, PL'93 and PAC quitted in 1995. By early 2000 CDR was comprised by PNTCD, PNL, FER and the Romanian Ecologist Party (PER). ++ PUNR: The PUNR was organized as the political arm of the Romanian nationalist Romanian Heart (Vatra Romaneasca).

V412 RU - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . DZhR Ass. Women of Russia (Lakhova) 17 . NDR Our Home Russia (Chernomyrdin) 19 . YABLOKO Yavlinsky Bloc 22 . KEDR Construct. Ecolog. Ass. of Russia 25 . KPRF Communist Party of Russian Federation (Ziuganov) 29 . RPSD Social-Democratic Party (A.Yakovlev) 31 . KRO Congress of Russian Communities (Rogozin) 33 . LDPR Liberal-Democr. Party (Zhirinovsky) 35 . PST Party of Laborers' Self-Governm.(Sv. Fedorov) 36 . KTR Communists - Working Russia (Anpilov) 41 . APR Agrarian Party of Russia (Lapshin) 45 . DVP Russia's Democr. Choice (Gaidar) 47 . DPR Democratic Party of Russia(Govorukhin, Glaziev) 51 . NPSR National Patriotic Bloc (Zyuganov) 52 . DERZHAVA Party Power (Rutskoi) 53 . DR Democr. Russia (Ponomarev, Starovoitova) 54 . DS Democr. Union (Novodvorskaya) 55 . National-Republic Public (N.Lysenko) 56 . Republican Party (V.Lysenko) 57 . RNRP People's Republ. P./Truth and Order (Lebed) 90 . Other 96 . None 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 98 . DK

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question.

ZA4054 Seite 169 von 275

V413 SK - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . SS Freedom Party (W1) 2 . DS Democratic Party 3 . CSS Czechoslovak Socialist Party (W1) 4 . HOS Movmt. for Civil Freedom (W1) 5 . VPS Public Against Violence/HZDS Movmt. for a Democ. Sk. 6 . SB Free Bloc (W1) 7 . OF Civic Forum (W1) 8 . All People Democratic Party (W1) 9 . VSZS Grouping of Interest Unions, Czech (W1) 10 . MKDM Hungarian Christian-Democratic Movmt. (W1) 11 . SZV Alliance of Farmers and Countryside (W1) 12 . ESWS Együtteles Coexistence (W1) 13 . CDF Czechoslovak Democratic Forum (W1) 14 . SNS Slovak National Party 15 . KDH Christ.-Democr. Movmt. 17 . SZS Party of Greens (in Slovakia) 18 . HDS Movmt. for Self-Governing Democracy (W1) 19 . SD Social Democracy/SDSS Soc.-Dem. Party in Slovakia 20 . SPP Friends of Beer (W1) 21 . KDU Christian-Democratic Union (W1) 22 . KSCS Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (W1) 23 . KSS Communist Party of Slovakia (W2) 24 . SDL Party of the Democratic Left (W2) 25 . ZRS Association of Workers of Slovakia (W2) 26 . MLHZP Hungarian Movmt. Reconciliation & Prosperity (W2) 27 . SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition (W2) 28 . SOP Party of Civic Understanding (W2) 29 . SDK Slovak Dem. Coalition (W2) 30 . SDKU Slovak Democr. & Christ. Union (W2) 31 . SMER Direction (W2) 32 . LDU Liberal-Democr. Union (W2) 36 . ROI Romany Civil Initiative (W2) 37 . STRED Center (W2) 90 . Others 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v318 and v134. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ SMK PARTY OF THE HUNGARIAN COALITION: In 1998 the three Magyar parties Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement (MKDM), CoExistence (ESWS) and Hungarian Civil Party (MPP, not on the list) merged into the SMK Party of the Hungarian Coalition. ++ VPN/HZDS: In March 1991 VPN Public Against Violence split up and party leader V. Meciar founded the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) in June 1991 (together with approximately one third of the MP's of the VPN) The leftovers of the VPU renamed themselves into ODU - Civic democratic Union. Because ODU is not listed here, VPN is equated with HZDS. ++ KSCS/SDL, ZRS, KSS: With the communist defeat in 1989, the single political party KSCS was dissolved: The current KSS evolved in 1992 as the merger ZA4054 Seite 170 von 275 of two communist, marxist-leninist groups, and adopted the same name as he defunct KSS. SDL was founded by members of the former KSCS. ZRS former part of the SDL was founded as a party in 1994. Smer founded by former SDL deputy Róbert Fico in 1999. ++ SDK - SLOVAK DEMCRATIC COALITION: (1998-2001, comprising DS, SDSS, SZS, DU and KDH) SDK was set up in JulY 1998 as a five party coalition: KDH, DS, DU, the Social Democratic Party of Slovakia (SDSS) and the Green Party of Slovakia (SZS). Coalition leader and then Prime Minister Mikulás Dzurinda constituted his own party in NovEMBER 2000, the SDKU; DU decided to join the new force but KDH and DS refused to do so, although continued in the government.

V414 SL - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . LDS Liberal Democratic Party 2 . ZS Greens of Slovenia 3 . SKZ Peasants League/SLS People's Party 4 . SKD Slovenian Christian Democrats 5 . SDSS Social Democratic Party of Slovenia 6 . SDZ Democratic League/DSS Democratic Party 7 . LS Liberal Party (W2) 8 . SDP Party of Democratic Renewal (W2) 9 . SSS Socialist Party of Slovenia (W2) 11 . DeSUS Democratic Party of Pensioners (W2) 12 . SNS Slovenian National Party (W2) 13 . ZLSD United List of Social Democrats (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v319. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ SKZ PEASANTS LEAGUE/SLS PEOPLE'S PARTY: The nonpolitical Slovene Peasant League was founded in 1989 and registered as a party in 1990. Renamed in Slovene People's Party in 1991. ++ SDZ DEMOCRATIC LEAGUE/DSS DEMOCRATIC PARTY: The SDZ registered as a party in 1990, absorbed a small social democratic grouping in 1992 and became the DSS.

V415 UA - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Value Label 1 . KPU Communist Party of Ukraine 2 . PDVU Party of Dem. Rebirth (W1) 3 . DPU Democratic Party of Ukraine 4 . National Party of the Ukraine (W1) ZA4054 Seite 171 von 275

5 . UkhDP Ukrain. Christ. Dem. Party 6 . LDPU Liberal-Democratic Party of UA 7 . URP Ukr. Republican Party 8 . PZU Green Party of Ukraine 9 . UNP Ukrainian National Party (W1) 10 . USDP Uk. Peasants' Dem. Party 11 . Republican Party of the Ukraine 12 . SDPU Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 13 . SPDU(o) United Soc. Dem. Party of Ukraine 14 . KDPU Constitutional Democratic Party 15 . APU Agrarian Party of Ukraine (W2) 16 . VZhI Allukr. P. of Women's Initiatives (W2) 17 . VPT Party of Workers (W2) 18 . Party of civic consent (W2) 19 . VOH All-Ukrain. Ass. 'HROMADA' (W2) 20 . DSU Ukrainian Statehood and Independence (W2) 21 . GKU Civic Congress of Ukraine (W2) 22 . KUN Congr. of Ukr. Nationalists in UA (W2) 23 . LPU Liberal Party of Ukraine (W2) 24 . NRU Popular Movmt. of Ukraine(former Rukh-U) (W2) 25 . NDPU Popular Dem. Party (W2) 26 . OUNvU Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists in Ukraine (W2) 27 . PVSPU Party of Peasants and Entrepreneurs (W2) 28 . PDESP Party of Spiritual, Econ. and Soc. Progress (W2) 29 . PEV Party of Econ. Rebirth (W2) 30 . PZhU Party 'Women of Ukraine' (W2) 31 . PZV Party of Fatherland's defenders (W2) 32 . PK(b)U P. of Communist of Ukraine (W2) 33 . MBR Interregional Reform Bloc (W2) 34 . PMU Party of Muslims of Ukraine (W2) 35 . PNERU P. of Nat.-Econ. Developm. of Ukraine (W2) 36 . PNPU P. of National Salvation of Ukraine (W2) 37 . PPU Party of Work (W2) 38 . PRBU Party of Rehabilitation of seriously ill people (W2) 39 . PRVU Party of Region. Rebirth (W2) 40 . PRP Party 'Reforms and Order' (W2) 41 . PSYeU Party of Slavic Unity (W2) 42 . SOYUZ Party 'The Union' (W2) 43 . PSPU Progressive Socialists (W2) 44 . RKhP Republ. Christ. Party (W2) 45 . SelPU Peasents' Party of Ukraine (W2) 46 . SNPU Soc.-national Party (W2) 47 . SPU Socialist Party (W2) 48 . UKRP Ukrain. Conserv. Republ. Party (W2) 49 . UNA Ukrainian National Assembly (W2) 50 . UNKP Uk. Nat. conservative Party (W2) 51 . UPSSS Ukr. P. of Solidarity a. Soc. Justice (W2) 52 . UPS Ukrainian Party of Justice (W2) 53 . PshPU P. of Beer Lovers of Ukraine (W2) 54 . KhDPU Christ.-Democr. P. of Ukraine (W2) 55 . Christian-liberal unions (W2) 56 . Christian-national unions (W2) 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v401) 97 . Refused 98 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 172 von 275

99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v320 and v135. LABEL DESCRIPTION: ++ UKHDP/KHDPU CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS: The Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party (UkhDP) was founded in April 1989. 1992 a moderate fraction split off to form the Christ. Democr. Party of Ukraine (KhDPU). ++ UNKP - UKRAINIAN NAT. CONSERVATIVE PARTY: Was formed by merger of the Ukrainian National Party (UNP) and the Uk. People's democratic Party UNDP (not listed here). ++ NDPU - POPULAR DEMOCRATIC PARTY: Was formed 1996 by a merger of centrist forces, including the Party of democratic rebirth (PDVU), The Labor Congress of Uk (TKU, not listed here).

V416 KR - CLOSE TO WHICH PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v401.

Further Information: Open question, but the partylist has been adjusted to variable v321.

V417 HOW CLOSE TO PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 173 von 275

Question: Would you say you feel very close, fairly close, or not very close to that party?

Value Label 1 . Very close 2 . Fairly close 3 . Not very close 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v401 or 97-99 in v402-v415) 7 . Refused 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V418 STRIKE IF: DISLIKE PARTY

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Question: There may occur different situations in which people decide to go on strike in the future. Please tell me in which case you would organize or join a strike. If a party I strongly dislike wins the elections.

Value Label 1 . I would 2 . I would not 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V419 STRIKE IF: DEMOCRACY RESTRICTED

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Question: There may occur different situations in which people decide to go on strike in the future. Please tell me in which case you would organize or join a strike. If the governing party abuses its power and it is feared that democracy may be restricted.

Value Label 1 . I would 2 . I would not 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V420 STRIKE IF: BAD ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: There may occur different situations in which people decide to go on strike in the future. Please tell me in which case you would organize or join a strike. If the government's economic measures lead to much lower living standards.

ZA4054 Seite 174 von 275

Value Label 1 . I would 2 . I would not 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V421 STRIKE IF: UNEMPLOYMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: There may occur different situations in which people decide to go on strike in the future. Please tell me in which case you would organize or join a strike. If unemployment increases and masses of people are made redundant.

Value Label 1 . I would 2 . I would not 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V422 STRIKE IF: SOCIAL BENEFITS REDUCED

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: There may occur different situations in which people decide to go on strike in the future. Please tell me in which case you would organize or join a strike. If social benefits/allocations, provided equally for all people, are reduced.

Value Label 1 . I would 2 . I would not 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V423 APPROVE PROTEST: PETITION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? Petition (collecting signatures).

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA ZA4054 Seite 175 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V424 APPROVE PROTEST: BOYCOTT

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Question: Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? Boycotts.

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V425 APPROVE PROTEST: LAWFUL DEMONSTRATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? Lawful demonstration.

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V426 APPROVE PROTEST: STRIKE THREAT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? Threatening to go on strike.

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 8 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 176 von 275

9 . NA

V427 APPROVE PROTEST: WILDCAT STRIKE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? Wildcat strike.

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V428 APPROVE PROTEST: OCCUPYING BUILDINGS/FACTORIES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? Occupying buildings/factories.

Value Label 1 . Approve strongly 2 . Approve 3 . Disapprove 4 . Disapprove strongly 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V429 ONE-PARTY VS. MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM

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Question: Which do you think would be better for our country?

Value Label 1 . One-party -system 2 . Multi-party-system 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 177 von 275

V430 AGREE: IF SITUATION OK NO INTEREST IN GOVERNMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: As long as things are getting on well I'm not really interested in who is in power.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V431 AGREE: POLITICIANS AGAINST PEOPLES' INTERFERENCE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Politicians are glad if people don't interfere in their matters.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V432 AGREE: EVERYBODY CAN HAVE SAY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Now in ______(country) everybody can have a say in the matters of the country.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V433 AGREE: BETTER NOT TO GET INVOLVED IN POLITICS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

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Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: It's always better not to get involved in politics because sooner or later you'll get your fingers burned.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V434 AGREE: BETTER NOT TO TRUST POLITICIANS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: You'd better not trust politicians.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V435 AGREE: POLITICIANS SEEK VIEWS OF PEOPLE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Politicians do their best to seek the views of the people.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V436 AGREE: PEOPLE EXCLUDED FROM POWER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Ordinary people are always excluded from power.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) ZA4054 Seite 179 von 275

9 . NA

V437 AGREE: POLITICIANS ONLY TO MAKE THEIR FORTUNE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: These days only those who want to make their fortune get involved in politics.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V438 AGREE: POLITICIANS ONLY INTERESTED IN PEOPLE WHEN TROUBLE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: Only when there's trouble are politicians interested in the views of the people.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V439 AGREE: PARTICIPATION IS PATRIOTIC DUTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements: It's a patriotic duty to participate in political activities.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 180 von 275

V440 TRUST: GEORGE BUSH

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. George Bush.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

V441 TRUST: PRIME MINISTER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. The Prime Minister of your country.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V442 TRUST: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. Mikhail Gorbachev.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 181 von 275

V443 TRUST: PRESIDENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. The president of your country.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

V444 TRUST: JOHN PAUL II

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. John Paul II.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

V445 TRUST: 1ST OPPOSITION LEADER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. ______(the leader of the largest party in opposition).

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 182 von 275

V446 TRUST: FRANCOIS MITTERAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. Francois Mitterand.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

V447 TRUST: 2ND OPPOSITION LEADER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. ______(the leader of the second-largest party in opposition).

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

V448 TRUST: HELMUT KOHL

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Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. Helmut Kohl.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (W2) 9 . NA

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V449 TRUST: LEADING TV PERSONALITY

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Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. ______(a leading TV personality).

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V450 TRUST: MARGARET THATCHER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: I am interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. Margaret Thatcher.

Value Label 1 . Totally 2 . To a certain point 3 . Little 4 . Not at all 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V451 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: WORKERS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: There are divergent views of who will take advantage of the regime -change and who will be dissatisfied with the changes. Do you think that the following people will be rather more satisfied with the changes, or will they be dissatisfied? Workers.

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 184 von 275

V452 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: ENGINEERS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V453 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: ARTISTS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V454 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: SCIENTISTS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V455 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: CLERKS ZA4054 Seite 185 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V456 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: PEASANTS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V457 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: MINERS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V458 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: ENTREPRENEURS

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 186 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V459 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: POLITICIANS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V460 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: ARMY OFFICERS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V461 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: POLICEMEN

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 187 von 275

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V462 SATISFIED WITH CHANGES: LEADERS OF COMMUNIST PARTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Satisfied 2 . Dissatisfied 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V463 BETTER LIVING: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Now I would like to ask you to rank the following countries according to the following three criteria: 1. Where do people live better; 2. Where is political and legal equality greater; and 3. Where do people have greater influence in shaping public policy? Where do people live better: Bulgaria.

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

ZA4054 Seite 188 von 275

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V464 BETTER LIVING: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V465 BETTER LIVING: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) ZA4054 Seite 189 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V466 BETTER LIVING: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V467 BETTER LIVING: SOVIET UNION/RUSSIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . ZA4054 Seite 190 von 275

6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. "Soviet Union" (W1) is equated with "Russia" (W2) here.

V468 BETTER LIVING: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V469 BETTER LIVING: CZECH REPUBLIC

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 191 von 275

1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. between W1 and W2. "Czech Republic" (W2) is equated with "Czechoslovakia" (W1). The same is done with "Slovakia" (v470), i.e. the variable "Better living: Czechoslovakia" (W1) was occurs twice in this cumulated dataset!

V470 BETTER LIVING: SLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . 9 . Worst (1st, W2) 10 . Worst (LT) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. "Slovakia" (W2) is equated with "Czechoslovakia" (W1). The same is done with "Czech Republic" (v469), i.e. the variable "Better living: Czechoslovakia" (W1) was occurs twice in this cumulated dataset!

V471 BETTER LIVING: EAST GERMANY ZA4054 Seite 192 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (W1) 8 . 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V472 BETTER LIVING: SLOVENIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V473 BETTER LIVING: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 193 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V474 BETTER LIVING: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V475 BETTER LIVING: LITHUANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

ZA4054 Seite 194 von 275

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V476 BETTER LIVING: LATVIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V477 BETTER LIVING: ESTONIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

ZA4054 Seite 195 von 275

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V478 BETTER LIVING: FINLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V479 BETTER LIVING: SWEDEN

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 196 von 275

1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V480 GREATER EQUALITY: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V481 GREATER EQUALITY: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

ZA4054 Seite 197 von 275

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V482 GREATER EQUALITY: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V483 GREATER EQUALITY: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ; ZA4054 Seite 198 von 275

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V484 GREATER EQUALITY: SOVIET UNION/RUSSIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

ZA4054 Seite 199 von 275

V485 GREATER EQUALITY: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V486 GREATER EQUALITY: CZECH REPUBLIC

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

ZA4054 Seite 200 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. "Czech Republic" (W2) is equated with "Czechoslovakia" (W1). The same is done with "Slovakia" (v487), i.e. the variable "Greater equality: Czechoslovakia" (W1) occurs twice in this cumulated dataset!

V487 GREATER EQUALITY: SLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ; Sysmiss ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2) Sysmiss .

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. "Slovakia" (W2) is equated with "Czechoslovakia" (W1). The same is done with "Czech Republic" (v486), i.e. the variable "Greater equality: Czechoslovakia" (W1) occurs twice in this cumulated dataset!

V488 GREATER EQUALITY: EAST GERMANY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . ZA4054 Seite 201 von 275

5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (W1) 8 . 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V489 GREATER EQUALITY: SLOVENIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V490 GREATER EQUALITY: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . ZA4054 Seite 202 von 275

6 . 7 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V491 GREATER EQUALITY: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V492 GREATER EQUALITY: LITHUANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . Worst (W1) ZA4054 Seite 203 von 275

9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V493 GREATER EQUALITY: LATVIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V494 GREATER EQUALITY: ESTONIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . ZA4054 Seite 204 von 275

8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V495 GREATER EQUALITY: FINLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V496 GREATER EQUALITY: SWEDEN

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK ZA4054 Seite 205 von 275

99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V497 MORE INFLUENCE: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V498 MORE INFLUENCE: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) ZA4054 Seite 206 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V499 MORE INFLUENCE: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V500 MORE INFLUENCE: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . ZA4054 Seite 207 von 275

6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V501 MORE INFLUENCE: SOVIET UNION/ RUSSIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V502 MORE INFLUENCE: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 208 von 275

1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V503 MORE INFLUENCE: CZECH REPUBLIC

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. "Czech Republic" (W2) is equated with "Czechoslovakia" (W1). The same is done with "Slovakia" (v504), i.e. the variable "More influence: Czechoslovakia" (W1) occurs twice in this cumulated dataset!

V504 MORE INFLUENCE: SLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 209 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2; LT, W1) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. "Slovakia" (W2) is equated with "Czechoslovakia" (W1). The same is done with "Czech Republic" (v503), i.e. the variable "More influence: Czechoslovakia" (W1) occurs twice in this cumulated dataset!

V505 MORE INFLUENCE: EAST GERMANY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (W1) 8 . 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2. ZA4054 Seite 210 von 275

V506 MORE INFLUENCE: SLOVENIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V507 MORE INFLUENCE: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V508 MORE INFLUENCE: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Now I would like to ask you to rank the following countries according to the following three criteria: 1. Where do people live better; 2. Where is political and legal equality greater; and 3. Where do people have greater influence in ZA4054 Seite 211 von 275 shaping public policy? Where do people have greater influence: Turkey.

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . Worst (GE, KR, W1) 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V509 MORE INFLUENCE: LITHUANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . Worst (W1) 9 . Worst (W2) 10 . Worst (LT, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

Further Information: The differing number of ranks is due to different countrylists submitted in the participating countries. Note also the difference between W1 and W2.

V510 MORE INFLUENCE: LATVIA ZA4054 Seite 212 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V511 MORE INFLUENCE: ESTONIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V512 MORE INFLUENCE: FINLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

ZA4054 Seite 213 von 275

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V513 MORE INFLUENCE: SWEDEN

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Value Label 1 . Best 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . Worst 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Use cards.

V514 AGREE: PROHIBIT COMMUNISM

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: The activities of the Communist party should be prohibited in this country.

Value Label 1 . Agree ZA4054 Seite 214 von 275

2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V515 AGREE: BAD SITUATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: The situation is so bad that one cannot even allow the children to go out and play in the playground.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V516 AGREE: SEEK REVENGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: If someone defames your honor you must always seek revenge.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V517 AGREE: STRONG LEADER BETTER THAN MANY DEMOCRATS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: A few strong-handed leaders would be more useful to the state than the many democrats who are constantly holding meetings and consultations.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 215 von 275

V518 AGREE: SELF RETRIBUTION RATHER THAN POLICE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: It is frequently better when people seek retributions on their own, rather than having to turn to the police.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V519 AGREE: NEVER HIT SOMEBODY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: I never ever hit another human being and I am not going to do that in the future either.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V520 AGREE: COMMUNISM IN PARLIAMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: The practice of democracy also includes the possibility for the Communist party to run in the elections and if it receives the required number of votes it should be represented in the Parliament.

Value Label 1 . Agree 2 . Disagree 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V521 CULTURED: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 216 von 275

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard the citizens of these states as uncultured or cultured? Bulgaria.

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V522 CULTURED: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V523 CULTURED: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V524 CULTURED: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ; ZA4054 Seite 217 von 275

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V525 CULTURED: SOVIET UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V526 CULTURED: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V527 CULTURED: TURKEY ZA4054 Seite 218 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V528 CULTURED: CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V529 CULTURED: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Uncultured 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Cultured 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 219 von 275

V530 FRIENDS: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Bulgaria.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V531 FRIENDS: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Romania.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V532 FRIENDS: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Hungary.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 220 von 275

V533 FRIENDS: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Austria.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V534 FRIENDS: SOVIET UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Soviet Union.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V535 FRIENDS: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Poland.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) ZA4054 Seite 221 von 275

9 . NA

V536 FRIENDS: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Turkey.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V537 FRIENDS: CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Czechoslovakia.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V538 FRIENDS: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you regard their citizens as enemies or friends? Krasnoyarsk.

Value Label 1 . Enemies 2 . 3 . 4 . ZA4054 Seite 222 von 275

5 . Friends 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V539 DEMOCRATISATION: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Bulgaria.

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V540 DEMOCRATISATION: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Romania.

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V541 DEMOCRATISATION: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Hungary.

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . ZA4054 Seite 223 von 275

3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V542 DEMOCRATISATION: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Austria.

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V543 DEMOCRATISATION: SOVIET UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Soviet Union.

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V544 DEMOCRATISATION: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Poland.

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 224 von 275

1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V545 DEMOCRATISATION: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that the country is moving toward democracy? Turkey.

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V546 DEMOCRATISATION: CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V547 DEMOCRATISATION: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . No democratisation at all 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Fast democratisation 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V548 LAZY: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Bulgaria.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V549 LAZY: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Romania.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V550 LAZY: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 226 von 275

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Hungary.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V551 LAZY: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Austria.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V552 LAZY: SOVIET UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Soviet Union.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V553 LAZY: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ; ZA4054 Seite 227 von 275

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Poland.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V554 LAZY: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Turkey.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V555 LAZY: CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Czechoslovakia.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V556 LAZY: KRASNOYARSK ZA4054 Seite 228 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are lazy or hard-working? Krasnoyarsk.

Value Label 1 . Lazy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Hard-working 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V557 TRUSTWORTHY: BULGARIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). To what extent do you think that its citizens are untrustworthy or trustworthy? Bulgaria.

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V558 TRUSTWORTHY: ROMANIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 229 von 275

V559 TRUSTWORTHY: HUNGARY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V560 TRUSTWORTHY: AUSTRIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V561 TRUSTWORTHY: SOVIET UNION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 230 von 275

V562 TRUSTWORTHY: POLAND

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V563 TRUSTWORTHY: TURKEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V564 TRUSTWORTHY: CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) ZA4054 Seite 231 von 275

9 . NA

V565 TRUSTWORTHY: KRASNOYARSK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Untrustworthy 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . Trustworthy 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V566 IMPORTANT: EVERYBODY VOICE IN PUBLIC MATTERS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Please, put the items on this card into three groups according to their importance in life. In the first group please put the most important items, into the second the rather important ones and into the third group those, which are not important. Everybody can have a voice in public matters.

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V567 IMPORTANT: WORK FOR ALL

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important ZA4054 Seite 232 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V568 IMPORTANT: EQUALITY FOR ALL

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V569 IMPORTANT: EVERYBODY WELL-OFF

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V570 IMPORTANT: NO ARBITRARY WILL

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 233 von 275

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V571 IMPORTANT: NO BIG INCOME DIFFERENCE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V572 IMPORTANT: NO STATE INTERFERENCE IN PRIVACY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V573 IMPORTANT: LIFE WITHOUT WORRIES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 234 von 275

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V574 IMPORTANT: REST AND ENTERTAINMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V575 IMPORTANT: FREE ORGANISATIONS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V576 IMPORTANT: FREE SPEECH ZA4054 Seite 235 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V577 IMPORTANT: LEARNING AND ACCESS TO CULTURE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Value Label 1 . Very imortant (Important - HU) 2 . Rather important 3 . Not important 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 8 . DK 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V578 SEX

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 9 ;

Question: Sex of interviewee.

Value Label 1 . Male 2 . Female 9 . NA

V579 YEAR OF BIRTH

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 236 von 275

Missing values: 0 ; 9999 ;

Question: Year of birth.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c.) 9999 . NA

V580 AGE (IN YEARS)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 999 ;

Question: Age in years.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c.) 999 . NA

V581 AGE (CLASSIFIED)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Age classified.

Value Label 1 . 17 years and younger 2 . 18 - 19 years 3 . 20 - 29 years 4 . 30 - 39 years 5 . 40 - 49 years 6 . 50 - 59 years 7 . 60 - 69 years 8 . 70 years and older 0 . NAV (Other c.) 9 . NA

Further Information: For W2: variable was generated by v580 (age, in years).

V582 AGE (COHORTS)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Age cohorts.

ZA4054 Seite 237 von 275

Value Label 1 . 29 years and younger 2 . 30 - 44 years 3 . 45 - 59 years 4 . 60 - 74 years 5 . 75 years and older 0 . NAV (Other c.) 9 . NA

Further Information: For W1 and W2: variable generated by v580.

V583 MARITAL STATUS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 9 ;

Question: Are you married, single, widowed, married but living separately, or divorced?

Value Label 1 . Married 2 . Single 3 . Widowed 4 . Seperated 5 . Divorced 6 . Living with a partner (Not asked in E-GE, not in W2) 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

V584 LIVE WITH PARTNER

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Are you living with a partner?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (W1), NAP (1 or 9 in v583) 7 . Refused 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask all except married.

V585 PARTNER WORKS OUTSIDE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 238 von 275

Question: Does your husband/wife/companion work outside of the house?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v583 or not 1 in v584, W2) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if married/living with a partner.

V586 PARTNER WORKS FULL-/PART-TIME

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Is it full-time or part-time work or both?

Value Label 1 . Full-time 2 . Part-time 3 . Both 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v585) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "yes" in v585.

V587 RELIGION AT BIRTH

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 98 ; 99 ;

Question: What was your religion at birth?

Value Label 1 . Catholic 2 . Orthodox 3 . Calvinist 4 . Lutheran 5 . Jewish 6 . Czech Hussites 7 . Muslim 8 . Other 9 . Not baptized / No rel. affiliation 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V588 DEGREE OF RELIGIOSITY ZA4054 Seite 239 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Of the following statements which do you think applies to you most closely: 1 - I am religious and follow the teachings of the church. 2 - I am religious in my own way. 3 - I cannot say if I am religious or not. 4 - I am not religious and am not interested in such things. 5 - I am not religious because the teachings of the churches are wrong.

Value Label 1 . I am religious and follow the teachings of the church 2 . I am religious in my own way 3 . Cannot say if I am religious or not 4 . I am not religious and not interested 5 . I am not religious, because the churches are wrong 6 . Other 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V589 MAIN LANGUAGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: In what language did/do you and your mother communicate with each other?

Value Label 1 . Albanian 2 . Arabic 3 . Armenian 4 . Azerbaijan 5 . Belarussian 6 . Bosnian 7 . Bulgarian 8 . Croat 9 . Czech 10 . Estonian 11 . Finnish 12 . Georgian 13 . German 14 . Greek 15 . Gypsian 16 . Hungarian 17 . Jiddish 18 . Kazakh 19 . Latvian 20 . Lithuanian 21 . Macedonian 22 . Moldavian 23 . Montenegrian 24 . Moravian 25 . Polish 26 . Romanian 27 . Russian ZA4054 Seite 240 von 275

28 . Serbian 29 . Slovak 30 . Slovenian 31 . Tartar 32 . Turkish 33 . Ukrainian 34 . Uzbek 90 . Other 0 . NAV (W1) 97 . Refused 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: If respondent unsure or more than one answer given ask: What is the language that you primarily use within your family? Code only one!

V590 RU - NATIONALITY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ; 98 ;

Question: What is your nationality?

Value Label 1 . Russian 2 . Ukrainian 3 . Belarussian 4 . Tatar 5 . Other main nationality of national republic/autonomy 6 . Jiddich 7 . German 8 . Others 0 . NAV (Other c.) 97 . Refused 98 . DK

V591 END OF EDUCATION: AGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: How old were you when you finished your full-time education?

Value Label 7 . 7 years 8 . 8 9 . 9 10 . 10 11 . 11 12 . 12 13 . 13 14 . 14 ZA4054 Seite 241 von 275

15 . 15 16 . 16 17 . 17 18 . 18 19 . 19 20 . 20 21 . 21 22 . 22 23 . 23 24 . 24 25 . 25 26 . 26 27 . 27 28 . 28 29 . 29 30 . 30 31 . 31 32 . 32 33 . 33 34 . 34 35 . 35 36 . 36 37 . 37 38 . 38 39 . 39 40 . 40 41 . 41 42 . 42 43 . 43 44 . 44 45 . 45 46 . 46 47 . 47 48 . 48 49 . 49 50 . 50 51 . 51 52 . 52 53 . 53 55 . 55 56 . 56 68 . 68 70 . 70 73 . 73 years 96 . Still in school (ES, LV, LT) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

V592 HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

ZA4054 Seite 242 von 275

Question: W1: Please list the type of school you attended! W2: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . Primary or less 2 . Secondary, Incomplete Higher 3 . Higher 4 . Other (only GE/ES) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Further Information: For W2: variable generated by v593 - v605; 1 "Primary or less": No formal education, Incomplete primary school; Complete primary school; Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type; Incomplete secondary school; university-preparatory type; 2 "Secondary, Incomplete Higher": Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type, Complete secondary: university-preparatory type, Some university-level education, without degree; College; Higher incomplete; 3 "Higher": University-level education, with degree; Higher; Above Higher; Higher School; Higher, not finished higher (LT!); Please see study descrition/other study materials for further information on coding of v592.

V593 BE - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . Primary 2 . Incomplete secondary 3 . Complete secondary 4 . Incomplete special secondary 5 . Complete special secondary 6 . Higher incomplete 7 . Higher school 8 . DK 9 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c.)

Interviewer-Instruction: According to the core questionnaire: Use functional equivalent of the following, in given society; (If student, code highest level he/she expects to complete): 01 - No formal education 02 - Incomplete primary school 03 - Complete primary school 04 - Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type 05 - Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type 06 - Incomplete secondary school: university-preparatory type 07 - Complete secondary: university-preparatory type 08 - Some university-level education, without degree 09 - University-level education, with degree

V594 BE - INCOMPLETE SECONDARY: YEARS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: How many years have you been in secondary school?

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 243 von 275

5 . 5 years 6 . 6 years 7 . 7 years 8 . 8 years 9 . 9 years 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 2 in v593)

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "incomplete secondary" in v593.

V595 BE - INCOMPLETE SPECIAL SECONDARY: YEARS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: How many years have you been in special secondary school?

Value Label 2 . 2 years 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 4 in v593)

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "incomplete special secondary" in v593.

V596 BE - INCOMPLETE HIGHER: YEARS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: How many years have you been in higher school?

Value Label 3 . 3 years 4 . 4 years 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 6 in v593)

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "incomplete higher" in v593.

V597 BG - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . No education 2 . Elementary 3 . Primary 4 . Vocational 5 . Secondary 6 . College 7 . Higher 8 . Above Higher ZA4054 Seite 244 von 275

0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V598 ES - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . Less than primary 2 . Primary or incompleted secondary 3 . Vocational school without secondary education 4 . Vocational school with secondary education 5 . Secondary 6 . Higher education 7 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V599 GE - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . No formal education 2 . Incomplete primary 3 . Complete primary 4 . Incomplete secondary:technical/vocational 5 . Complete secondary:technical/vocational 6 . Incomplete secondary:university-preparatory 7 . Complete secondary:university-preparatory 8 . University-level education, no degree 9 . University-level education, degree 90 . Other 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: According to the core questionnaire: Use functional equivalent of the following, in given society; ZA4054 Seite 245 von 275

(If student, code highest level he/she expects to complete): 01 - No formal education 02 - Incomplete primary school 03 - Complete primary school 04 - Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type 05 - Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type 06 - Incomplete secondary school: university-preparatory type 07 - Complete secondary: university-preparatory type 08 - Some university-level education, without degree 09 - University-level education, with degree

V600 HU - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . Incomplete/complete primary 2 . Vocational 3 . Technical 4 . Secondary 5 . College 6 . University 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 9 . NA

V601 LT - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . Incomplete secondary 2 . Complete secondary 3 . Special secondary 4 . Higher, not finished higher 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 9 . NA

V602 PL - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 246 von 275

Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . None 2 . Incomplete primary 3 . Primary 4 . Incomplete vocational 5 . Vocational 6 . Incomplete secondary 7 . Secondary 8 . Vocational secondary 9 . Post-secondary 10 . Incomplete tertiary 11 . Tertiary 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V603 RU - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . No formal education 2 . Complete primary 3 . Incomplete secondary:technical/vocational 4 . Complete secondary:technical/vocational 5 . Complete secondary 6 . Incomplete high school 7 . High school, University 8 . University with degree 98 . DK 99 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c.)

V604 SK - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ; ZA4054 Seite 247 von 275

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . No formal education 2 . Incomplete primary 3 . Complete primary 4 . Incomplete secondary:technical/vocational 5 . Complete secondary:technical/vocational 6 . Incomplete secondary:university-preparatory 7 . Complete secondary: university-preparatory 8 . University-level education, no degree 9 . University-level education, degree 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 98 . DK 99 . NA

V605 UA - HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: What is the highest level of education that you have attained?

Value Label 1 . Primary 2 . Incomplete secondary 3 . Complete secondary 4 . Incomplete special secondary 5 . Complete special secondary 6 . Higher incomplete 7 . Higher School 98 . DK 99 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V606 UA - INCOMPLETE SECONDARY: CLASSES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 97 ;

ZA4054 Seite 248 von 275

Question: How many classes did you attend in secondary school? (Which grade did you attain in secondary school?)

Value Label 4 . 4 classes 5 . 5 classes 6 . 6 classes 7 . 7 classes 8 . 8 classes 9 . 9 classes 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 2 in v605) 97 . Refused

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "incomplete secondary" in v606.

V607 UA - INCOMPLETE SPECIAL SECONDARY: COURSES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: How many courses did you attend in special secondary school?

Value Label 1 . 1 course 2 . 2 courses 3 . 3 courses 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 4 in v605)

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "incomplete special secondary" in v606.

V608 UA - INCOMPLETE HIGHER: COURSES

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: How many courses did you attend in higher school?

Value Label 3 . 3 courses 4 . 4 courses 5 . 5 courses 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (Not 6 in v605)

Interviewer-Instruction: Ask only if answer is "incomplete higher" in v606.

V609 SINCE WHEN IN NEIGHBOURHOOD (YEARS)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 998 ; 999 ;

Question: Since which year have you lived in your present neighborhood/village? (in years)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c.) ZA4054 Seite 249 von 275

998 . DK (W2) 999 . NA

Further Information: Data of W1 was available in in number of years, data in W2 was collected in year dates; For W2 the variable was built as follows: Year date (date of survey, v666) - year date (since which year in neighbourhood, v609)

V610 SINCE WHEN IN NEIGHBOURHOOD (CLASSIFIED)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Since which year have you lived in your present neighborhood/village? (classified)

Value Label 1 . 1 - 2 years 2 . 3 - 5 years 3 . 6 - 10 years 4 . 11 - 15 years 5 . 16 - 20 years 6 . 21 - 30 years 7 . 31 - 40 years 8 . Over 40 years 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Further Information: For W1 and W2: variable built from v609.

V611 RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBOURS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: How would you say are your relations with your neighbours? 1 - I feel very close to them (tight). 2 - I feel close to them. 3 - I have little to do with them. 4 - I have nothing at all to do with them.

Value Label 1 . Very close (tight) 2 . Close 3 . Little to do with them 4 . Nothing to do with them 5 . Very bad (RU) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

V612 PAID FOR WORK ZA4054 Seite 250 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Are you getting paid for your work currently? (If no) Is it because you are ... 1 - On child-care leave 2 - In retirement 3 - Invalid on widows' pension 4 - Other inactive earner (live from rental income or social contract) 5 - Work only at home on domestic chores 6 - Student 7 - Other support (social assistance, supported only by children, first-time job seeker, etc.)

Value Label 1 . Yes (including familiy members helping out) 2 . No, because on child-care leave 3 . Retired 4 . Invalid or widows' pension 5 . Other inactive earner (rental income/social contract) 6 . Work at home on domestic chores 7 . Student 8 . Other support (soc. assist./by children/1st-time job-seeker) 9 . Other inactive earner and other support (SK, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: If answer is "no", show card#_.

Further Information: For W2: Two questions are merged into one. Original questions: "1. Are you getting paid for your work currently?" "2.(filter: if no) Is it because you are ..."

V613 WORK FULL-/PART-TIME

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Are you currently (working) ...

Value Label 1 . Full-time 2 . Part-time 3 . Both (W2) 4 . Not working at all (W2) 5 . Never had a job (GE, W2) 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v612 - ES, RU, UK) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

V614 EMPLOYMENT SECTOR

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: In what sector are you (if retired: were) you employed? 1 - Government (civil servant). 2 - State-owned enterprise (non-agriculture). 3 - Private sector (non-agriculture) owner/self-employed. 4 - Private sector (non-agriculture) employee. 5 - All agriculture (incl. fisherman). 6 - Other paid work. ZA4054 Seite 251 von 275

Value Label 1 . Government 2 . State-owned 3 . Private (non-agric.) self-employed 4 . Private (non-agric.) employed 5 . Agriculture 6 . Other 0 . NAV (W1), NAP (96 in v616 - BE, no 1 in v612 - RU) 96 . Never had a job (CZ, ES, GE, PL, SK) 98 . DK 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__. If more than one job, code the main job.

V615 EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Are you (if in pension: have you been) 1 - An employee of the state or a state enterprise. 2 - A member of a cooperative or collective farm. 3 - Independently employed. 4 - Working as a family member helping out the major income earner.

Value Label 1 . Employee of the state/a state enterprise 2 . Member of a coop./coll. farm 3 . Independently employed 4 . Family member helping out the major income earner 0 . NAV (Other c., W2) 9 . NA

V616 OCCUPATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: What is (if retired: was) your occupation? 01 - Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees. 02 - Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees. 03 - Professionals/highly educated specialists: lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc.. 04 - Non-manual office worker: supervisory . 05 - Non-manual office worker: non- supervisory. 06 - Foreman and supervisor. 07 - Skilled manual worker. 08 - Semi-skilled manual worker. 09 - Unskilled manual worker. 10 - Farmer: has own farm. 11 - Agricultural worker. 12 - Member of armed forces, security personnel. 13 - Have never had a job.

Value Label 1 . Employer: 10, more employees 2 . Employer: less than 10 employees 3 . Highly educated specialist 4 . Non-manuel office:supervisory 5 . Non-manual office: non-supervisory 6 . Foreman/supervisor 7 . Skilled manual worker 8 . Semi-skilled manual worker 9 . Unskilled manual worker ZA4054 Seite 252 von 275

10 . Farmer: own farm 11 . Agricultural worker 12 . Armed forces/security 13 . Never had a job 0 . NAV (W1), NAP (Not 1 in v612 - RU) 96 . Never had a job 98 . DK 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__. If more than one job, code the main job.

V617 MONTHLY INCOME COMPARED TO AVERAGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Based on your own estimation, your personal monthly income is ...

Value Label 1 . More than the average 2 . Average 3 . Below average 6 . Have no income (GE,PL, W2) 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v612 - RU) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

V618 E-GE - MONTHLY INCOME COMPARED TO AVERAGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Based on your own estimation, your personal monthly income is ...

Value Label 1 . More than the average 2 . Average 3 . Below average 6 . Have no income 0 . NAV (Other c., W1), NAP (1 in v669) 8 . DK 9 . NA

V619 MONTHLY INCOME SCALE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Based on your own estimation, where would you place yourself on the following monthly income scale:

ZA4054 Seite 253 von 275

Value Label 1 . Poorest 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Richest 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v612 - RU) 96 . Have no income (GE, PL, W2) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__. 01Poorest 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10Richest

V620 E-GE - MONTHLY INCOME SCALE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: Based on your own estimation, where would you place yourself on the following monthly income scale:

Value Label 1 . Poorest 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . Richest 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (1 in v669) 96 . Have no income 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Poorest Richest

V621 PERCENT OF SAVINGS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: How much of your monthly income are you able to save each month?

Value Label 1 . Below 5 percent 2 . 5 to 10 percent ZA4054 Seite 254 von 275

3 . 10 to 25 percent 4 . 25 to 50 percent 5 . More than 50 percent 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v612 - RU) 96 . Have no income (PL, W2) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W2)

V622 SOCIAL CLASS OF ONESELF

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 8 ; 9 ;

Question: To which social class would you say that you belong?

Value Label 0 . NAV (E-GE, W1) 1 . Upper class 2 . Upper-middle class 3 . Middle class (SL, W1) 4 . Lower-middle class 5 . Working class 6 . Peasant class (W2) 7 . Other (RU) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

V623 SOCIAL CLASS OF PARENTS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: And to which social class would you say your parents belong or belonged?

Value Label 1 . Upper class 2 . Upper-middle class 3 . Middle class (SL, W1) 4 . Lower-middle class 5 . Working class 6 . Peasant class (W2) 7 . Other (RU) 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V624 ENTREPRENEUR IN FAMILY ZA4054 Seite 255 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Is there anybody in your family who owns or is a part-owner of a private enterprise or business?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V625 FAMILY PRODUCING AGRIC GOODS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you or does someone in your family produce agricultural goods outside of your own job? 1 - No. 2 - Yes, only to feed the family. 3 - Yes, sometimes sold for money. 4 - Yes, regularly sold for extra income.

Value Label 1 . No (W2) 2 . To feed family 3 . Sometimes sold for money 4 . Regularly sold for extra income 0 . NAV (PL, W1) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA (DK/NA - LT, W1)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card #__.

Further Information: There was no value labeled "No" in W1. The cases probably fall within 9 "NA".

V626 EASY REPLACEMENT FOR JOB

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 96 ; 98 ; 99 ;

Question: If for some reason you lost your job how easy would it be to find another suitable replacement?

Value Label 1 . Very easy 2 . Easy 3 . Little difficult 4 . Very difficult 5 . Would not find any 6 . Could find proper job (BG) 0 . NAP (96 in v616 - BE, not 1 in v612 - ES, LV, RU) 96 . Don't work(PL),Don't work excl.,child-care (GE, W2) 98 . DK (W2) 99 . NA (DK/NA - LT) ZA4054 Seite 256 von 275

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V627 WORK OVERTIME/EXTRA WORK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: Do you work overtime, or outside of your regular job to supplement your income?

Value Label 1 . Yes 2 . No 6 . Don't work 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v612 - ES) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

V628 HOW OFTEN OVERTIME

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: How often do you work overtime?

Value Label 1 . Several times a week 2 . Once or twice per week 3 . Several times a month 4 . Once or twice per month 5 . Rarely (W1) 0 . NAP (Not 1 in v627) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: Only asked if answer is "yes" in v627.

V629 HOURS EXTRA WORK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: On the average how many hours per week do you work overtime?

Value Label 1 . One hour 70 . 70 hours 0 . NAV (W2), NAP (Not 1 in v627) 99 . NA

ZA4054 Seite 257 von 275

V630 CLASSIFIED: EXTRA HOURS

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: On the average how many hours per week do you work overtime? (classified)

Value Label 1 . 1 - 5 hours 2 . 6 - 10 hours 3 . 11 - 15 hours 4 . 16 - 20 hours 5 . 21 - 25 hours 6 . 26 - 30 hours 7 . 31 and more hours 0 . NAV (W2), NAP (Not 1 in v627) 8 . No overtime work 9 . NA

Further Information: Variable built from v629.

V631 INCOME OF EXTRA WORK

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What is the maximum possible amount you could personally earn in one month from all of your extra work? 1 - Less than half of my regular salary from my official workplace. 2 - About a half of my salary. 3 - More than half of my salary. 4 - About the same as my monthly salary. 5 - More than my monthly salary.

Value Label 1 . Less than half 2 . About a half 3 . More than a half 4 . About the same 5 . More than a monthly salary 0 . NAV (Other c.), NAP (Not 1 in v627) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA(DK/NA - LT)

Interviewer-Instruction: Show card#_.

V632 SIZE OF COMMUNITY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 8 ; 9 ;

Question: What is the size of your community? (in inhabitants)

Value Label ZA4054 Seite 258 von 275

1 . Under 2.000 2 . 2.000 - 5.000 3 . 5.001 - 20.000 4 . 20.000 - 100.000 5 . Over 100.000 0 . NAV (Other c.) 8 . DK (W2) 9 . NA

Interviewer-Instruction: If respondent is not able to answer the question, the interviewer should answer the question.

Further Information: Please see study descrition/other study materials for further information on coding of v632.

V633 BG - WEIGHT (W2)

Decimals: 1 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for Bulgaria. (W2)

Value Label 0.8 . 0.9 . 1 . 1.1 . 1.2 . 1.3 . 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V634 ES - WEIGHT (W2)

Decimals: 2 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for Estonia. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c.)

V635 E-W-GE - WEIGHT (W2) (SEPARATE ANALYSIS)

Decimals: 3 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for East and West Germany - for a separate analysis. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

ZA4054 Seite 259 von 275

V636 GE - WEIGHT (W2) (OVERALL ANALYSIS)

Decimals: 3 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for Germany - for overall analysis. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V637 LV - WEIGHT (W2)

Decimals: 2 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for Latvia. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c.)

V638 LT - WEIGHT (W2)

Decimals: 6 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for Lithuania. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V639 PL - WEIGHT (W2)

Decimals: 2 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Weight variable for Poland. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V640 RU - WEIGHT (W2)

Decimals: 2 Missing values: 0 ; ZA4054 Seite 260 von 275

Question: Weight variable for Russia. (W2)

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c.)

V641 BG - INTERVIEWER CODE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Interviewer code - Bulgaria.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V642 ES - INTERVIEWER CODE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Interviewer code - Estonia.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V643 RU - INTERVIEWER CODE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Interviewer code - Russia.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V644 UA - INTERVIEWER CODE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Interviewer code - Ukraine.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

ZA4054 Seite 261 von 275

V645 BG - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Bulgaria - region.

Value Label 1 . Sofia-City 2 . Burgas 3 . Varna 4 . Lovech 5 . Montana 6 . Plovdiv 7 . Russe 8 . Sofia region 9 . Haskovo 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V646 CZ - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Czech - region.

Value Label 1 . Praha 2 . Region of Central Bohemia 3 . Region of Èeské Budìjovice 4 . Region of Plzeò 5 . Region of Karlovy Vary 6 . Region of Ústí nad Labem 7 . Region of Liberec 8 . Region of Hradec Králov é 9 . Region of Pardubice 10 . Region of Jihlava 11 . Region of Brno 12 . Region of Olomouc 13 . Region of Ostrava 14 . Region of Zlín 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V647 ES - COUNTY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

ZA4054 Seite 262 von 275

Question: Estonia - county.

Value Label 1 . Harju 2 . Hiiu 3 . Ida-Viru 4 . Jõgeva 5 . Järva 6 . Lääne 7 . Lääne-Viru 8 . Põlva 9 . Pärnu 10 . Rapla 11 . Saare 12 . Tartu 13 . Valga 14 . Viljandi 15 . Võru 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V648 ES - REGION: URBAN/RURAL

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Estonia - type of region.

Value Label 1 . Urban 2 . Rural 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V649 LV - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Latvia - region.

Value Label 1 . Riga - Centra district 2 . Riga - Kurzemes d. 3 . Riga - Latgales d. 4 . Riga - Vidzemes d. 5 . Riga - Zemgales d. 6 . Riga - Ziemelu d. 7 . Daugavpils 8 . Jelgava 9 . Jurmala 10 . Liepaja 11 . Rezekne ZA4054 Seite 263 von 275

12 . Ventspils 13 . Liepajas region 14 . Ventspils reg. 15 . Saldus reg. 16 . Talsu reg. 17 . Kuldigas reg. 18 . Jelgavas reg. 19 . Bauskas reg. 20 . Jekabpils reg. 21 . Aizkraukles reg. 22 . Dobeles reg. 23 . Tukuma reg. 24 . Aluksnes reg. 25 . Cesu reg. 26 . Gulbenes reg. 27 . Limbazu reg. 28 . Madonas reg. 29 . Ogres reg. 30 . Valmieras reg. 31 . Rigas reg. 32 . Valkas reg. 33 . Daugavpils reg. 34 . Rezeknes reg. 35 . Balvu reg. 36 . Kraslavas reg. 37 . Ludzas reg. 38 . Preilu reg. 0 . NAV (Other c.)

Further Information: Six administrative districts of Riga, capital; Six larger cities; 26 administrative districts of Latvia ;

V650 LT - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Lithuania - region.

Value Label 1 . Þemaitija 2 . Aukðtaitija 3 . Suvalkija 4 . Dzûkija 5 . Piet.Lietuva 6 . Vilnius (capital) 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V651 LT - REGION: URBAN/RURAL

Decimals: 0 ZA4054 Seite 264 von 275

Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Lithuania - type of region.

Value Label 1 . Rural 2 . Urban 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V652 RU - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Russia - region.

Value Label 1 . Severnyi rajon 2 . Severo-Zapadnyi rajon 3 . Tsentralnyi rajon 4 . Volgo-Byatskii rajon 5 . Tsentralno-Chernozemnyi rajon 6 . Povolzhskii rajon 7 . Severo-Kavkaskii rajon 8 . Uralskii rajon 9 . Zapadno-Sibirskii rajon 10 . Vostochno-Sibirskii rajon 11 . Dalnii Vostok 0 . NAV (Other c.)

V653 SK - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Slovakia - region.

Value Label 1 . Bratislavský 2 . Trnavský 3 . Trenèiansky 4 . Nitriansky 5 . Žilinsk ý 6 . Banskobystrický 7 . Preaovský 8 . Koaický 99 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

ZA4054 Seite 265 von 275

V654 UA - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Ukraine - region.

Value Label 1 . Kiev 2 . Northern 3 . Centres. 4 . North-Eastern 5 . North-Western 6 . South-Eastern 7 . Western 8 . South-West. 9 . Southern 10 . Crimeas 11 . Eastern 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V655 CZ - DISTRICT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Czech Republic - district.

Value Label 1 . Praha 1 2 . Praha 4 3 . Praha 5 4 . Praha 8 5 . Praha 9 6 . Praha 10 7 . Blansko 8 . Brno-mìsto 9 . Beneaov 10 . Bruntál 11 . Bøeclav 12 . Èeské Budìjovice 13 . Èeská Lípa 14 . Chrudim 15 . Dìèín 16 . Domažlice 17 . Frýdek-Místek 18 . Havlíèkùv Brod 19 . Hradec Králové 20 . Hodonín 21 . Jièín 22 . Jindøichùv Hradec 23 . Kladno ZA4054 Seite 266 von 275

24 . Kutná Hora 25 . Kromìøíž 26 . Klatovy 27 . Karlovy Vary 28 . Liberec 29 . Louny 30 . Mìlník 31 . Most 32 . Nymburk 33 . Nový Jièín 34 . Olomouc 35 . Opava 36 . Ostrava 37 . Pøíbram 38 . Pelhøimov 39 . Písek 40 . Plzeò-jih 41 . Plzeò-mìsto 42 . Pøerov 43 . Plzeò-sever 44 . Prachatice 45 . Pardubice 46 . Rakovník 47 . Rychnov nad Knìznou 48 . Rokycany 49 . Sumperk 50 . Svitavy 51 . Tábor 52 . Tachov 53 . Tøebíè 54 . Ústí nad Orlicí 55 . Vsetín 56 . Vyakov 57 . Znojmo 58 . Žïár nad Sázavou 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V656 ES - REGION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Estonia - region.

Value Label 1 . North-Western Estonia 2 . North-Eastern Estonia 3 . South-Eastern Estonia 4 . South-Western Estonia 5 . Western Estonia 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

ZA4054 Seite 267 von 275

V657 ES - CITY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Estonia - city.

Value Label 1 . Tallinn 2 . Tartu 3 . Narva,Sillamäe 4 . Kohtla-Järve,Jõhvi 5 . Pärnu 6 . Viljandi 7 . Other county centers 8 . Other towns 9 . Boroughs 10 . Villages 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V658 HU - REGIONAL DEPARTMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: Hungary - regional department.

Value Label 1 . Budapest 2 . City 3 . Village 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 9 . NA

V659 LT - SETTLEMENT TYPE (NO LABELS)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Lithuania - type of settlement

Value Label 1 . Not documented 2 . Not documented 3 . Not documented 4 . Not documented 5 . Not documented 6 . Not documented 7 . Not documented 13 . Not documented ZA4054 Seite 268 von 275

15 . Not documented 17 . Not documented 18 . Not documented 19 . Not documented 21 . Not documented 22 . Not documented 23 . Not documented 24 . Not documented 29 . Not documented 30 . Not documented 31 . Not documented 34 . Not documented 40 . Not documented 45 . Not documented 47 . Not documented 48 . Not documented 50 . Not documented 51 . Not documented 55 . Not documented 58 . Not documented 60 . Not documented 101 . Not documented 107 . Not documented 108 . Not documented 109 . Not documented 111 . Not documented 112 . Not documented 122 . Not documented 123 . Not documented 124 . Not documented 126 . Not documented 134 . Not documented 135 . Not documented 138 . Not documented 142 . Not documented 148 . Not documented 149 . Not documented 157 . Not documented 168 . Not documented 185 . Not documented 187 . Not documented 196 . Not documented 225 . Not documented 238 . Not documented 243 . Not documented 246 . Not documented 247 . Not documented 267 . Not documented 272 . Not documented 275 . Not documented 285 . Not documented 304 . Not documented 311 . Not documented 314 . Not documented 330 . Not documented 450 . Not documented ZA4054 Seite 269 von 275

452 . Not documented 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V660 RU - REGIONAL DEPARTMENT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Russia - regional department.

Value Label 1 . Severo-Zapadnoe 2 . Tsentralnoe 3 . Severo-Kavkazskoe 4 . Volgo-Vyatskoe 5 . Saratovskoe 6 . Uralskoe 7 . Zapadno-Sibirskoe 8 . Vostochno-Sibirskoe 9 . Dalnevostochnoe 10 . Moskovskoe 11 . Udmurtskoe 12 . Povolzhskoe 13 . Kemerovskoe 14 . Avtonomii Povolzhya 15 . Vladimirskoe 16 . Rostov-na-Dony 17 . Not documented 18 . Altayskoe 19 . Smolenskoe 20 . Bashkirskoe 21 . Podmoskovye 22 . Arkhangelskoe 23 . Not documented 24 . Orenburgskoe 25 . Not documented 0 . NAV (Other c.)

V661 UA - AREA

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Ukraine - area.

Value Label 1 . Republic of Crimea 2 . Vinnitsa 3 . Volynsk 4 . Dnepropetrovsk 5 . Donetsk ZA4054 Seite 270 von 275

6 . Zhitomir 7 . Zakarpatye 8 . Zaporozhye 9 . Ivano-Frankovsk 10 . Kiev 11 . Kirovograd 12 . Lugansk 13 . Lvov 14 . Nikolaev 15 . Odessa 16 . Poltava 17 . Rovno 18 . Sumy 19 . Ternopol 20 . Kharkov 21 . Kherson 22 . Khmelnitskiy 23 . Cherkassk 24 . Chernovtsy 25 . Chernigov 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V662 UA - OCCUPIED ITEM

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 99 ;

Question: Ukraine - occupied item.

Value Label 1 . 1 2 . 2 3 . 3 4 . 4 5 . 5 6 . 6 7 . 7 8 . 8 9 . 9 10 . 10 11 . 11 12 . 12 13 . 13 14 . 14 15 . 15 16 . 16 17 . 17 18 . 18 19 . 19 20 . 20 21 . 21 22 . 22 23 . 23 ZA4054 Seite 271 von 275

24 . 24 25 . 25 26 . 26 27 . 27 28 . 28 29 . 29 30 . 30 31 . 31 32 . 32 33 . 33 34 . 34 35 . 35 36 . 36 37 . 37 38 . 38 39 . 39 40 . 40 41 . 41 42 . 42 43 . 43 44 . 44 45 . 45 46 . 46 47 . 47 48 . 48 49 . 49 50 . 50 51 . 51 52 . 52 53 . 53 54 . 54 55 . 55 56 . 56 57 . 57 58 . 58 59 . 59 60 . 60 61 . 61 62 . 62 63 . 63 64 . 64 65 . 65 66 . 66 67 . 67 68 . 68 69 . 69 70 . 70 71 . 71 72 . 72 73 . 73 74 . 74 75 . 75 76 . 76 77 . 77 78 . 78 79 . 79 ZA4054 Seite 272 von 275

80 . 80 81 . 81 82 . 82 83 . 83 84 . 84 85 . 85 86 . 86 87 . 87 88 . 88 89 . 89 90 . 90 91 . 91 92 . 92 93 . 93 94 . 94 95 . 95 96 . 96 97 . 97 98 . 98 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 99 . 99

V663 INTERVIEW DURATION (MIN)

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 999 ;

Question: Interview duration in minutes.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 999 . NA

V664 SL - INTERVIEW DURATION

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Slovenia - interview duration (classified).

Value Label 1 . Under 45 min. 2 . 45 min. to 1 hour 3 . 1h to 1.15h 4 . 1.15h to 1.30h 5 . 1.15h to 1.45h 6 . 1.45h to 2h 7 . More than 2h 9 . NA 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

ZA4054 Seite 273 von 275

V665 UA - INTERVIEW LANGUAGE

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Ukraine - language in which interview was conducted.

Value Label 1 . Ukrainian 2 . Russian 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

V666 DATE OF SURVEY

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 99 ;

Question: Date of survey.

Value Label 1 . Jun 1990 2 . Nov 1990 3 . Dec 1990 4 . Jan 1991 5 . Jun 1991 6 . Jul 1991 7 . Nov 1992 8 . Feb 1998 9 . Mar 1998 10 . Apr 1998 11 . May 1998 12 . Sep 1998 13 . Nov 1998 14 . Dec 1998 15 . 1999 (only BG) 16 . May 1999 17 . Jun 1999 18 . Jul 1999 19 . Sep 1999 20 . Mar 2000 21 . Nov 2000 22 . Feb 2001 23 . Sep 2001 24 . Dec 2001 25 . Feb 2001 99 . NA

V667 GE - HOUSEHOLD: SIZE ZA4054 Seite 274 von 275

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: How many people live in your houshold, including yourself?

Value Label 1 . 1 2 . 2 3 . 3 4 . 4 5 . 5 and more 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 9 . NA

V668 GE - HOUSEHOLD: PERSONS OVER 18

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ; 9 ;

Question: How many people in your houshold are 18 years and older?

Value Label 1 . 1 2 . 2 3 . 3 4 . 4 5 . 5 and more 0 . NAV (Other c., W1) 9 . NA

V669 GE - SOCIALIZATION: EAST/WEST

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Socialisation in East or in West Germany.

Value Label 1 . Socializ West/lives in West 2 . Socializ West/lives in East 3 . Socializ East/lives in West 4 . Socializ East/lives in East 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

Further Information: This variable is built from 3 questions in the original questionnaire: 1. "Where did you live before 1990" 2. "Where in Germany did you live just before 1990" If moved: 3. "When did you move to East-/West Germany"

ZA4054 Seite 275 von 275

V670 ES - SAMPLE POINT

Decimals: 0 Missing values: 0 ;

Question: Estonia - sample point.

Value Label 0 . NAV (Other c., W1)

OTHER STUDY MATERIAL

VARIABLE OVERVIEW

*) = generated from other variables; for detailed information, go to respective variable.

NAME LABEL WAVE 1 WAVE 2

V1 ZA Study number *) *) V2 ID Number *) *) V3 Country x x V4 Wave *) *) V5 Political activity: newspaper x x V6 Political activity: discussing x x V7 Political activity: convince friends x x V8 Political activity: work in community x x V9 Political activity: political meeting x x V10 Political activity: contact politicians x x V11 Political activity: work for party x x V12 Time watching news x V13 Attention paid to TV x V14 Days read daily newspaper x V15 Attention paid to newspaper x V16 Meaning of democracy: freedom x V17 Meaning of democracy: participation x V18 Meaning of democracy: soc. econ. democracy x V19 Meaning of democracy: parties, elections x V20 Meaning of democracy: legal-institutional democracy x V21 Meaning of democracy: values x V22 Meaning of democracy: emotions, attitudes x V23 Meaning of democracy: other x V24 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Dem: freedom (2nd mention) x V25 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU -Dem: participation (2nd mention) x V26 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU -Dem: soc econ. dem. (2nd mention) x V27 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU -Dem: parties, elections (2nd mention) x V28 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Dem: legal-institutional dem. (2nd ment x V29 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Dem: values (2nd mention) x V30 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Dem: emotions, attitudes (2nd mention) x V31 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Dem: other (2nd mention) x V32 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: freedom (3rd mention) x V33 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: participation (3rd mention) x V34 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: soc. econ. dem. (3rd mention) x V35 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: parties, elections (3rd mention) x V36 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: legal-institutional dem. (3rd mention) x V37 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: values (3rd mention) x V38 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: emotions, attitudes (3rd mention) x V39 BE, ES, LT, RU - Dem: other (3rd mention) x V40 Democracy best form of government x V41 Democracy in (country) best x V42 Individual human rights in (country) x V43 Importance freedom/equality x V44 Left-Right Scale x x V45 Meaning left: general values x V46 Meaning left: attitudes and traits x V47 Meaning left: social change x V48 Meaning left: ideologies and ideas x V49 Meaning left: forms of government x V50 Meaning left: relation to government x V51 Meaning left: regimes x V52 Meaning left: parties x V53 Meaning left: economy x V54 Meaning left: representation of interests x V55 Meaning left: international relations x V56 Meaning left: general evaluation x V57 Meaning left: others x V58 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: general values (2nd mention) x V59 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: attitudes and traits (2nd mention x V60 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: social change (2nd mention) x V61 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: ideology and ideas (2nd mention) x V62 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: forms of government (2nd mention) x V63 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: relation to government (2nd menti x V64 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: regimes (2nd mention) x V65 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: parties (2nd mention) x V66 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: economy (2nd mention) x V67 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: representation of interests (2nd x V68 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: international relations (2nd ment x V69 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: general evaluation (2nd mention) x V70 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Left: others (2nd mention) x V71 LT, RU - Left: general values (3rd mention) x V72 LT, RU - Left: attitudes and traits (3rd mention) x V73 LT, RU - Left: social change (3rd mention) x V74 LT, RU - Left: ideology (3rd mention) x V75 LT, RU - Left: forms of government (3rd mention) x V76 LT, RU - Left: relation to government (3rd mention) x V77 LT, RU - Left: regimes (3rdmention) x V78 LT, RU - Left: parties (3rd mention) x V79 LT, RU - Left: economy (3rd mention) x V80 LT, RU - Left: representation of interests (3rd mention) x V81 LT, RU - Left: international relations (3rd mention) x V82 LT, RU - Left: general evaluation (3rd mention) x V83 LT, RU - Left: others (3rd mention) x V84 Meaning right: general values x V85 Meaning right: attitudes and traits x V86 Meaning right: social change x V87 Meaning right: ideologies and ideas x V88 Meaning right: forms of government x V89 Meaning right: relation to government x V90 Meaning right: regimes x V91 Meaning right: parties x V92 Meaning right: economy x V93 Meaning right: representation of interests x V94 Meaning right: international relations x V95 Meaning right: general evaluation x V96 Meaning right: others x V97 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: general values (2nd mention) x V98 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: attitudes and traits (2nd mentio x V99 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: social change (2nd mention) x V100 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: ideology and ideas (2nd mention) x V101 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: forms of government (2nd mention x V102 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: relation to government (2nd ment x V103 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: regimes (2nd mention) x V104 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: parties (2nd mention) x V105 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: economy (2nd mention) x V106 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: representation of interests (2nd x V107 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: international relations (2nd men x V108 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: general evaluation (2nd mention) x V109 BE, ES, LT, PL, RU - Right: others (2nd mention) x V110 LT, RU - Right: general values (3rd mention) x V111 LT, RU - Right: attitudes and traits (3rd mention) x V112 LT, RU - Right: social change (3rd mention) x V113 LT, RU - Right: ideologies and ideas (3rd mention) x V114 LT, RU - Right: forms of government (3rd mention) x V115 LT, RU - Right: relation to government (3rdmention) x V116 LT, RU - Right: regimes (3rdmention) x V117 LT, RU - Right: parties (3rd mention) x V118 LT, RU - Right: economy (3rd mention) x V119 LT, RU- Right: representation of interests (3rd mention) x V120 LT, RU - Right: international relations (3rd mention) x V121 LT, RU - Right: general evaluation (3rd mention) x V122 LT, RU - Right: others (3rd mention) x V123 Member: association, club x x V124 Member: local association x x V125 Member: political party x x V126 BE - Member: which party x V127 BG - Member: which party x V128 CZ - Member: which party x V129 ES - Member. which party x V130 GE - Member: which party x V131 LT - Member: which party x V132 PL - Member: which party x V133 RO - Member: which party x V134 SK - Member: which party x V135 UA - Member: which party x V136 Member: movement x x V137 BE - Member: which movement x V138 BG - Member: which movement x V139 ES - Member: which movement x V140 GE - Member: which movement x V141 LT - Member: which movement x V142 RO - Member: which movement x V143 SK - Member: which movement x V144 UA - Member: which movement x V145 Member: ecological group x x V146 Member: professional association x x V147 Member: sports club x x V148 Member: trade union x x V149 BE - Member: which union x V150 BG - Member: which union x V151 ES - Member: which union x V152 GE - Member: which union x V153 LT - Member: which union x V154 PL - Member: which union x V155 RO - Member: which union x V156 UA - Member: which union x V157 Member: students association x x V158 Member: religious organisation x x V159 Member: other x x V160 RU - Member: ethnic organisation x x V161 Idea of democracy: political liberties x x V162 Idea of democracy: social equality x x V163 Idea of democracy: decision at local/regional levels x x V164 Idea of democracy: less corruption x x V165 Idea of democracy: moral/sexual freedom x x V166 Idea of democracy: equal justice x x V167 Idea of democracy: government controlling banks/enterprises x x V168 Idea of democracy: equal rights for women x x V169 Idea of democracy: more jobs x x V170 Idea of democracy: better economic conditions x x V171 Idea of democracy: multi-party system x x V172 Idea of democracy: right to participation x V173 Satisfied with democracy in (country) x x V174 Tolerance: against minority opinion x V175 Tolerance: against extremist demonstrators x V176 Tolerance: against free speech x V177 Tolerance: against too much freedom x V178 Tolerance: against critics on way of life x V179 Tolerance: against right to own opinion x V180 Tolerance: against foreign critics in (country) x V181 Free market economy: right/wrong for (country) x V182 Satisfied with free market in (country) x V183 Personal econ. situation: during pres government x V184 Personal econ. situation: next year x V185 Personal econ. situation: compared to (socialist/communist) x V186 Country's econ. situation: during pres government x x V187 E-GE - econ. situation: during pres government x V188 Country's econ. situation: next year x x V189 E-GE - econ. situation: next year x V190 Country's econ. situation: compared to (socialist/communist x x V191 Condition of workers: during present government x x V192 Condition of peasants: during present government x x V193 Condition of mid class: during present government x x V194 Condition of entrepreneurs: during present government x x V195 Condition of workers: compared to (socialist/communist) regi x x V196 Condition of peasants: compared to (socialist/communist) reg x x V197 Condition of mid class: compared to (socialist/communist) re x x V198 Condition of entrepreneurs: compared to (socialist/communist x x V199 Corruption: during present government x x V200 GE - Corruption: politicians x V201 Public safety: during present government x V202 E-GE - Public safety: during present government x V203 Public safety: next year x V204 E-GE - Public safety: next year x V205 Public safety: compared to (socialist/communist) regime x V206 Income differences: right/wrong x x V207 Personal financial situation: compared to parents x x V208 Personal financial situation: compared to neighbours V209 Speed of change in (country) x V210 Satisfied with present government x x V211 Satisfied with (socialist/communist) regime x x V212 Influence at workplace x V213 Satisfied with work x V214 Influence family decision x V215 Satisfied with family situation x V216 Communism good idea x V217 Better performance: education x V218 Better performance: economy x V219 Better performance: poverty x V220 Better performance: black market x V221 Better performance: inflation x V222 Better performance: unemployment x V223 Better performance: public security x V224 Better performance: citizen's participation x V225 Better performance: corruption x V226 Better performance: public health x V227 Better performance: representation of interests x V228 Better performance: crime x V229 Pride in (country) citizenship x V230 Pride to live in (country) x V231 ES - Which citizenship x V232 Agree: women taking care of the house x x V233 Agree: accepting homosexuals x x V234 Agree: abortion available x x V235 Trust: family/relatives x x V236 Trust: national government x x V237 Trust: church and clergy x x V238 Trust: neighbours x x V239 Trust: people of own language x x V240 Trust: West Germans (E-GE) x V241 Trust: East Germans (W-GE) x V242 Trust: mass media x x V243 RO - Trust: newspaper x V244 RO - Trust: TV x V245 RO - Trust: radio x V246 Trust: trade unions x x V247 Trust: god x x V248 Trust: oneself x x V249 Trust: work companions x x V250 Trust: political parties x x V251 Trust: employers x x V252 Trust: police x x V253 Trust: leading/governing party x x V254 Trust: biggest oppositional party x x V255 Trust: parliament x x V256 Trust: army x x V257 Trust: Yugoslavian army x V258 Agree more: Medicare, by oneself/by government x x V259 Agree more: Income limits/no limits x x V260 Agree more: Protection by oneself/by government x x V261 Agree more: Environment/industry first x x V262 Importance of Conflicts: rich/poor x V263 Importance of Conflicts: law-abiding/delinquent x x V264 Importance of Conflicts: speak language/not x x V265 GE - Importance of Conflicts: East/West x V266 Importance of Conflicts: left/right x x V267 Importance of Conflicts: young/old x x V268 Importance of Conflicts: church moral/not x x V269 Importance of Conflicts: nationalists/others x x V270 Approve repression: police force against demonstrators x x V271 Approve repression: sentence against protestors disregarding x x V272 Approve repression: law against demonstrations x x V273 Approve repression: troops against strikes x x V274 Agree more: country run by big interests/by all the people x V275 Trust in government x x V276 Elections best way to choose government x x V277 Need for parliament x x V278 Vote in last parliamentary election x x V279 Not voted - no right x V280 BE, UA - Candidate: party/independent x V281 BE, UA - Candidate's political position x V282 BE - Party vote - parl. elections 95 x V283 BG - Party vote - parl. elections 97 x V284 CZ - Party vote - parl. elections 90/98 x x V285 ES - Party vote - parl. elections 90/99 x x V286 GE - Party vote - parl. elections 90/98 x x V287 HU - Party vote - parl. elections 90/98 x x V288 LV - Party vote - parl. elections 95 x V289 LT - Party vote - parl. elections 00 x V290 PL - Party vote - parl. elections 97 x V291 PL - Candidate vote - pres. elections 90 x V292 RO - Party vote - parl. elections 90/96 x x V293 RU - Candidate vote - pres. elections 91 x V294 RU - Party vote - parl. elections 93 x V295 RU - Party vote - parl. elections 95 x V296 RU - Candidate vote - pres. elections 96 x V297 RU - Candidate vote 2nd round - pres. elections 96 x V298 RU - Vote in regional elections 96/97 x V299 RU - Vote intention: pres. elections x V300 SK - Party vote - parl. elections 90/98 x x V301 SL - Party vote - parl. elections 90/96 x x V302 UA - Party vote - parl. elections 98 x V303 CZ - Reason for non-voting x V304 LT - Reason for non-voting x V305 PL - Reason for non-voting x V306 UA - Reason for non-voting x V307 KR - Reason for non-voting x V308 BE - Sunday question x V309 BG - Sunday question x V310 CZ - Sunday question *) x V311 ES - Sunday question *) x V312 GE - Sunday question x x V313 HU - Sunday question *) x V314 LV - Sunday question x V315 LT - Sunday question x V316 PL - Sunday question x V317 RO - Sunday question *) x V318 SK - Sunday question *) x V319 SL - Sunday question *) x V320 UA - Sunday question *) x V321 KR - Sunday question *) V322 Government responsibility: provide job x x V323 Government responsibility: health care x x V324 Government responsibility: living standard for the old x x V325 Government responsibility: living standard for unemployed x x V326 Government responsibility: reduce income differences x x V327 Government priorities: inflation/unemployment x x V328 Action against bad government decision x x V329 Action against bad local decision x x V330 Living condition in western country x x V331 Democracy: needs western development x x V332 Democracy: will never be consolidated x x V333 Democracy: same as in Western Europe x x V334 Democracy: consolidation as difficult process x x V335 Democracy: not yet accomplished x x V336 RU - Country has own, different way x V337 In democracy problems will be solved x x V338 National political situation x x V339 Change in political situation in (country) x x V340 State of democracy in (country): content x x V341 Parties: parties needed x x V342 Parties: no difference between parties x x V343 Parties: provide participation x x V344 Parties: serve leaders' interests x x V345 Choose (country) if choice x x V346 Development since end of (socialist/communist) regime x x V347 What to do with companies x V348 What to do with agricultural land x V349 Capitalist economy: strike x x V350 Capitalist economy: freedom x x V351 Capitalist economy: inequality x x V352 Capitalist economy: technical progress x x V353 Capitalist economy: wealth x x V354 Capitalist economy: selfishness x x V355 Capitalist economy: power x x V356 Capitalist economy: profit x x V357 Capitalist economy: justice x x V358 Capitalist economy: scarcity x x V359 Capitalist economy: humane x x V360 Capitalist economy: progress x x V361 Capitalist economy: planning x x V362 Capitalist economy: efficacy x x V363 Capitalist economy: repression x x V364 Capitalist economy: corruption x x V365 Socialist economy: strike x x V366 Socialist economy: freedom x x V367 Socialist economy: inequality x x V368 Socialist economy: technical progress x x V369 Socialist economy: wealth x x V370 Socialist economy: selfishness x x V371 Socialist economy: power x x V372 Socialist economy: profit x x V373 Socialist economy: justice x x V374 Socialist economy: scarcity x x V375 Socialist economy: humane x x V376 Socialist economy: progress x x V377 Socialist economy: planning x x V378 Socialist economy: efficacy x x V379 Socialist economy: repression x x V380 Socialist economy: corruption x x V381 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: strike x V382 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: freedom x V383 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: inequality x V384 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: technical progress x V385 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: wealth x V386 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: selfishness x V387 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: power x V388 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: profit x V389 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: justice x V390 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: scarcity x V391 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: humane x V392 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: progress x V393 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: planning x V394 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: efficacy x V395 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: repression x V396 HU, PL - Capitalist or socialist economy: corruption x V397 Capitalist economy best x x V398 Capitalist economy solves problems x x V399 BG - Capitalist economy does not solve problems x V400 Management of industrial enterprises x x V401 Close to party x x V402 BE - Close to which party x V403 BG - Close to which party x V404 CZ - Close to which party x x V405 ES - Close to which party x x V406 GE - Close to which party x x V407 HU - Close to which party x x V408 LV - Close to which party x V409 LT - Close to which party x V410 PL - Close to which party x x V411 RO - Close to which party x V412 RU - Close to which party x V413 SK - Close to which party x x V414 SL - Close to which party x x V415 UA - Close to which party x x V416 KR - Close to which party x V417 How close to party x x V418 Strike if: dislike party x V419 Strike if: democracy restricted x V420 Strike if: bad economic performance x V421 Strike if: unemployment x V422 Strike if: social benefits reduced x V423 Approve protest: petition x x V424 Approve protest: boycott x x V425 Approve protest: legal demonstration x x V426 Approve protest: strike threat x x V427 Approve protest: wildcat strike x x V428 Approve protest: occupying buildings/factories x x V429 One-party vs. multi-party system x x V430 Agree: if situation ok no interest in government x x V431 Agree: politicians against peoples' interference x x V432 Agree: everybody can have say x x V433 Agree: better not to get involved in politics x x V434 Agree: better not to trust politicians x x V435 Agree: politicians seek views of people x x V436 Agree: people excluded from power x x V437 Agree: politicians only to make their fortune x x V438 Agree: politicians only interested in people when trouble x x V439 Agree: participation is patriotic duty x x V440 Trust: George Bush x V441 Trust: Prime Minister x V442 Trust: Michail Gorbachev x V443 Trust: president of your country x V444 Trust: John Paul II x V445 Trust: 1st opposition leader x V446 Trust: Francois Mitterand x V447 Trust: 2nd opposition leader x V448 Trust: Helmut Kohl x V449 Trust: leading TV personality x V450 Trust: Margret Thatcher x V451 Satisfied with changes: workers x x V452 Satisfied with changes: engineers x x V453 Satisfied with changes: artists x x V454 Satisfied with changes: scientists x x V455 Satisfied with changes: clerks x x V456 Satisfied with changes: peasants x x V457 Satisfied with changes: miners x x V458 Satisfied with changes: entrepreneurs x x V459 Satisfied with changes: politicians x x V460 Satisfied with changes: army officers x x V461 Satisfied with changes: policemen x x V462 Satisfied with changes: leaders of communist party x x V463 Better living: Bulgaria x x V464 Better living: Romania x x V465 Better living: Hungary x x V466 Better living: Austria x x V467 Better living: Russia x x V468 Better living: Poland x x V469 Better living: Czech Republic x x V470 Better living: Slovakia x x V471 Better living: East Germany x x V472 Better living: Slovenia x V473 Better living: Krasnoyarsk x V474 Better living: Turkey x x V475 Better living: Lithuania x x V476 Better living: Latvia x V477 Better living: Estonia x V478 Better living: Finland x V479 Better living: Sweden x V480 Greater equality: Bulgaria x x V481 Greater equality: Romania x x V482 Greater equality: Hungary x x V483 Greater equality: Austria x x V484 Greater equality: Russia x x V485 Greater equality: Poland x x V486 Greater equality: Czech Republic x x V487 Greater equality: Slovakia x x V488 Greater equality: East Germany x x V489 Greater equality: Slovenia x V490 Greater equality: Krasnoyarsk x V491 Greater equality: Turkey x x V492 Greater equality: Lithuania x x V493 Greater equality: Latvia x V494 Greater equality: Estonia x V495 Greater equality: Finland x V496 Greater equality: Sweden x V497 More influence: Bulgaria x x V498 More influence: Romania x x V499 More influence: Hungary x x V500 More influence: Austria x x V501 More influence: Russia x x V502 More influence: Poland x x V503 More influence: Czech Republic x x V504 More influence: Slovakia x x V505 More influence: East Germany x x V506 More influence: Slovenia x V507 More influence: Krasnoyarsk x V508 More influence: Turkey x x V509 More influence: Lithuania x x V510 More influence: Latvia x V511 More influence: Estonia x V512 More influence: Finland x V513 More influence: Sweden x V514 Agree: prohibit communism x V515 Agree: bad situation x V516 Agree: seek revenge x V517 Agree: strong leader better than many democrats x V518 Agree: self retribution rather than police x V519 Agree: never hit somebody x V520 Agree: communism in parliament x V521 Cultured: Bulgaria x V522 Cultured: Romania x V523 Cultured: Hungary x V524 Cultured: Austria x V525 Cultured: Russia x V526 Cultured: Poland x V527 Cultured: Turkey x V528 Cultured: Czech Republic x V529 Cultured: Krasnoyarsk x V530 Friends: Bulgaria x V531 Friends: Romania x V532 Friends: Hungary x V533 Friends: Austria x V534 Friends: Russia x V535 Friends: Poland x V536 Friends: Turkey x V537 Friends: Czech Republic x V538 Friends: Krasnoyarsk x V539 Democratisation: Bulgaria x V540 Democratisation: Romania x V541 Democratisation: Hungary x V542 Democratisation: Austria x V543 Democratisation: Russia x V544 Democratisation: Poland x V545 Democratisation: Turkey x V546 Democratisation: Czech Republic x V547 Democratisation: Krasnoyarsk x V548 Lazy: Bulgaria x V549 Lazy: Romania x V550 Lazy: Hungary x V551 Lazy: Austria x V552 Lazy: Russia x V553 Lazy: Poland x V554 Lazy: Turkey x V555 Lazy: Czech Republic x V556 Lazy: Krasnoyarsk x V557 Trustworthy: Bulgaria x V558 Trustworthy: Romania x V559 Trustworthy: Hungary x V560 Trustworthy: Austria x V561 Trustworthy: Russia x V562 Trustworthy: Poland x V563 Trustworthy: Turkey x V564 Trustworthy: Czech Republic x V565 Trustworthy: Krasnoyarsk x V566 Important: everybody voice in public matters x V567 Important: work for all x V568 Important: equality for all x V569 Important: everybody well-off x V570 Important: no arbitrary will x V571 Important: no big income difference x V572 Important: no state interference in privacy x V573 Important: life without worries x V574 Important: rest and entertainment x V575 Important: free organisations x V576 Important: free speech x V577 Important: learning and access to culture x V578 Sex x x V579 Year of birth x x V580 Age (in years) x x V581 Age (classified) x V582 Age (cohorts) *) *) V583 Marital status x x V584 Live with partner x V585 Partner works outside x V586 Partner works full-/part-time x V587 Religion at birth x x V588 Degree of religiosity x x V589 Main language x V590 RU - Nationality x V591 End of education: age x V592 Highest level of education x *) V593 BE - Highest level of education x V594 BE - Incomplete secondary: years x V595 BE - Incomplete special secondary: years x V596 BE - Incomplete higher: years x V597 BG - Highest level of education x V598 ES - Highest level of education x V599 GE - Highest level of education x V600 HU - Highest level of education x V601 LT - Highest level of education x V602 PL - Highest level of education x V603 RU - Highest level of education x V604 SK - Highest level of education x V605 UA - Highest level of education x V606 UA - Incomplete secondary: classes x V607 UA - Incomplete special secondary: courses x V608 UA - Incomplete higher: courses x V609 Since when in neighbourhood (years) x *) V610 Since when in neighbourhood (classified) *) *) V611 Relations with neighbours x x V612 Paid for work x *) V613 Work full-/part-time x x V614 Employment sector x V615 Employment status x V616 Occupation x V617 Monthly income compared to average x x V618 E-GE - Monthly income compared to average x V619 Monthly income scale x x V620 E-GE - Monthly income scale x V621 Percent of savings x x V622 Social class of oneself x x V623 Social class of parents x x V624 Entrepreneur in family x x V625 Family producing agric goods x x V626 Easy replacement for job x x V627 Work overtime/extra work x x V628 How often overtime x x V629 Hours extra work x V630 Classified: extra hours *) V631 Income of extra work x x V632 Size of community x*) x *) V633 BG - Weight (W2) x V634 ES - Weight (W2) x V635 E-W-GE - Weight (W2) (separate analysis) x V636 GE - Weight (W2) (overall analysis) x V637 LV - Weight (W2) x V638 LT - Weight (W2) x V639 PL - Weight (W2) x V640 RU - Weight (W2) x V641 BG - Interviewer code x V642 ES - Interviewer code x V643 RU - Interviewer code x V644 UA - Interviewer code x V645 BG - Region x V646 CZ - Region x V647 ES - County x V648 ES - Region: urban/rural x V649 LV - Region x V650 LT - Region x V651 LT - Region: urban/rural x V652 RU - Region x V653 SK - Region x V654 UA - Region x V655 CZ - District x V656 ES - Region x V657 ES - City x V658 HU - Regional Department x V659 LT - Settlement type (no labels) x V660 RU - Regional Department x V661 UA - Area x V662 UA - Occupied item x V663 Interview duration (min) x V664 SL - Interview duration x V665 UA - Interview language x V666 Date of survey x x V667 GE - Household: Size x V668 GE - Household: Persons over 18 x V669 GE - Socialization: East/West x V670 ES - Sample Point x

DOCUMENTATION OF VARIABLE V592 “HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION

COLUMNS: scale used in the cumulated dataset, in (brackets): value labels of the first wave; ROWS: country-specific value labels assigned to the three item scale

1 PRIMARY OR LESS 2 SECONDARY, 3 HIGHER MISSING (Primary education) INCOMPLETED HIGHER (Highschool) (Secondary education) SL 1. No formal education 5. Comp. Second. Techn/Vocat. 9. Univ. education, 99 NA RO 2. Incomp Primary 7. Comp. Second. Univ-prep. degree LV 3. Comp. Primary 8. Univ. education, no degree CZ 4. Incomp. Second.: Techn/voc. 6. Incomp. Second..Univ-prep

BE 1. Primary 3. Comp. Second. 7. Higher School 2. Incomp. Second. 5. Comp. Special Second. 4. Incomp. Special Second. 6. Higher incomplete

BG 1. No education 4. Vocational 7. Higher 2. Elementary 5. Secondary 8. Above Higher 3. Primary 6. College

ES 1. Less than primary 3. Vocational without Second. 6. Higher 2. Primary/Uncompl. Second. 4. Vocational with. Second 5. Secondary GE 1. No formal education 5. Comp. Second. Techn/Vocat. 9. Univ. education, 90 Other 2. Incomp Primary 7. Comp. Second. Univ-prep. degree 98 DK 3. Comp. Primary 8. Univ. education, no degree 99 NA 4. Incomp. Second.: Techn/voc. 6. Incomp. Second..Univ-prep HU 1. Incomp/Comp. Primary 2. Vocational 6. University 9 NA 3. Technical 4. Secondary 5. College LT 1. Incomp. Secondary 2. Comp. Secondary 4. Higher, not finished 9 NA 3. Spec. Secondary higher

PL 1. None 5. Vocational 9. Post-second. 2. Incomp. Primary 7. Secondary 10. Incomp. Tertiary 3. Primary 8. Vocational secondary 11. Tertiary 4. Incomp. Vocational 6. Incomp. Second. RU 1. No formal education 4. Comp. Second. Techn/Vocat. 7. High School, Univ. 2. Incomp. Primary 5. Comp. Second. 8. University with 3. Incomp. Second. 6. Incomplete High School degree Techn/vocat.

SK 1. No formal education. 5. Comp. Second. Techn/Vocat. 9. Univ. education, 98 DK 2. Incomp. Primary 7. Comp. Second. Univ-prep degree 99 NA 3. Comp. Primary 8. Univ. education, no degree 4. Incomp. Second. Techn/voc 6 Incomp. Second. Univ-prep. UA 1. Prim. 3. Secondary 7. Higher 2. Incomp. Second. 5. Comp. Special Second. 4. Incomp. Special Second. 6. Incomp. Higher

DOCUMENTATION OF VARIABLE V632 “SIZE OF COMMUNITY”

V632, Wave 1 Wave 2 cumulated datafile 1. Under 2.000 1. 1-499 1. Under 2000 2. 500-1999 2. 2.000 – 5.000 3. 2000 - 4999 2. 2001 – 5000 3. 5.001- 20.000 4. 5000 – 19.999 3. 5001 – 10.000 4. 10.001 – 20.000 4. 20.001 – 100.000 5. 20.000 – 99.999 5. 20.001 – 50.000 6. 50.001 – 100.000 5. Over 100.000 6. 100.000 and more 7. 100.001 – 500.000 8. Over 500.000 8. DK 98. DK 9. NA 9. NA 99. NA 0. NAV (Other c.) 0. NAV (LT, HU, PL) 0. NAV (RU)

DOCUMENTATION OF THE INTEGRATED PARTYLISTS

CZECH REPUBLIC (date of survey: Oct/Nov 1990 & Feb 2001)

V284, PCC I V404 PCC I V310, PCC I V284, PCC II V404 PCCII V128, PCC II V310 PCC II LABEL, CUMULATED PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO SUNDAY PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO PARTY MEMBER SUNDAY DATASET PARTY QUESTION PARTY QUESTION 1 1 "Freedom Party" 1 "Freedom Party" 1 "Freedom Party” 1 "SS Freedom Party (W1)” 2 2 "Democratic Party" 2 "Democratic 2 "Democratic Party" 2 "DS Democratic Party Party" (W1)" 3 3 "Czecho-Slovak 3 "Czecho-Slovak 3 "Czecho-Slovak 3 "CSS Czecho-Slovak Socialist Party" Socialist Party" Socialist Party" Socialist Party (W1)" 4 4 Movement for civic 4 Movement for 4 Movement civic 4 "HOS Movmt. for Civic freedom civic freedom freedom (aus v284) Freedom (W1)" 5 5 “Public Against 5 “Public Against 4 “Public Against 5 "VPN Public Against Violence" Violence" Violence" Violence (W1)" 6 6 "Free Bloc" 6 "Free Bloc" 5 "Free Bloc" 6 "SB Free Bloc (W1)" 7 7 "Civic Forum" 7 "Civic Forum" 6 "Civic Forum" 5 “ODS Civic 5 “ODS Civic 5 “ODS Civic 5 "ODS Civic 7 "OF Civic Forum/ODS Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Civic Democratic Party" 8 8 "All People 8 "All People 7 "All People 8 "Coalition of the All- Democratic Party" Democratic Party" Democratic Party" People Democratic Party (W1)" 9 9 "Interest Union/Cz" 9 "Interest 8 "Interest Union, 9 "VSZS Grouping of Union/Cz" Czech" Interest Unions, Czech (W1)" 10 10 "Communist Party of 10 "Communist 9 "Communist Party 9 “KSCM Commun. 9 “KSCM 9 “KSCM 9 “KSCM 10 "KSCS/KSCM Czechoslovakia" Party of of Czechoslovakia" Party of Bohemia a. Commun.Party of Commun.Party of Commun.Party of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia" Moravia” Bohemia a. Bohemia a. Moravia” Bohemia a. Czechoslovakia/ of Moravia” Moravia” Bohemia and Moravia" 11 11 "Farmers 11 "Farmers/Rural 10 "Farmers/Rural 11 "SZV Alliance of Population" population" Farmers and the Countryside (W1)" 12 12 "Egyuetteles 12 "Egyuetteles 12 "Egyuetteles 12 "ESWS Egyuetteles Coexistence Coexistence Coexistence Coexistence (W1)" 13 13 "Czechoslovak 13 "Czechoslovak 11 "Czechoslovak 13 "CDF Czechoslovak Democratic Forum" Democratic Forum" Democratic Forum” Democratic Forum (W1)" 14 14 "Slovak National 14 "Slovak National 12 "Slovak National 14 "SNS Slovak National Party" Party" Party" Party (W1)" 15 15”Christ.-Democr. 15”Christ.-Democr. 15”Christ.-Democr. 15 "KDH Christ.-Democr. Party" Movement" Party" Movement (W1)" 16 17 "Czecho-Slovak 17 “Czecho-Slovak 16 “Czecho-Slovak Union Union" union” (W1)” 17 16"Party of Green" 16"Party of Green" 14"Party of Green" 18 “SZ Green party” 18 “SZ Green 17 "SZ Green Party" Party” 18 18 "Movemt. for Self- 15 "Movemt. for 15 "Movemt. for 18 "HSD Movmt. Self- Administrative Self-Administrative Self-Administrative Governing. Democr (W1)” Democracy” Democracy” Democracy” 19 19 "Social Democracy" 16 "Social 16 "Social 7 „CSSD Czech 7 „CSSD Czech 7 “CSSD Czech 7 “CSSD Czech 19 "SD Social Democracy" Democracy" Soc. Dem. Party” Soc. Dem. Party” Soc. Dem. Party” Soc. Dem. Party” Democracy/CSSD Czech Soc.-Democr. Party" 20 20 " Friends of Beer" 17 "Friends of 17 " Friends of Beer" 20 "SPP Friends of Beer Beer" (W1)" 21 21 "Christian- 18 "Christian- 18 "Christian- 1 “ KDU-CSL Christ 21 "KDU/KDU-CSL Christ. Democratic Union" Democratic Union" Democratic Union" Democr Union - Dem. Un.-Cz. People's Czech People's Party (W1)" Party” 22 13 "Hungarian 22 "MKDM Hungarian Christian- Christian-Democratic Democratic Movmt. Movem (W1)" 23 2 “K4 Four Party 2 “K4 Four Party 2 “K4 Four Party 23 "K4 Four-Party Coalition coalition” Coalition” Coalition” (W2)" 24 11 “US Freedom 24 “US Freedom Union Union” (W2)” 25 2 “NEZ Indep Polit 25 "NEZ Indep. Polit. Movement” Movmt. (W2)" 26 4 “DEU Democr 26 "DEU Democr. Union Union” (W2)" 27 8 “MDS Moravian 27 "MDS Moravian Democr Party” Democr. Party (W2)" 28 10 “SPR-RSC Rally 10 “SPR-RSC 10 “SPR-RSC Rally 10 “SPR-RSC 28 "SPR-RSC Assoc. for for the Rep./ Rep. Rally for the Rep./ for the Rep./ Rep. Rally for the Rep./ the Rep./Rep. Party of Cz. Party of Czech. Rep. Party of Party of Rep. Party of (W2)" Rep.” Czechoslov.” Czechoslov.” Czechoslov.” 29 12 “DZJ 12 “DZJ 12 “DZJ 29 "DZJ Pensioners for Life Pensioner's Party” Pensioner's Party” Pensioner's Party” Securities (W2)" 30 13 “CSNS Czech 13 “CSNS Czech 13 “CSNS Czech 30 "CSNS Czech Nat. Nat.Soc. Party” Nat.Soc. Party” Nat.Soc. Party” Social Party (W2)" 31 14 “SDCR Czech 31 "SDCR Association of Childrens Parliam Pensioners (W2)" for Environm” 32 17 “ODA Civic 32 “ODA Civic Dem. Democr Alliance” Alliance (W2)” SLOVAKIA (date of survey: Oct/Nov 1990 & Feb 2001)

V300, PCC I V413 PCC I V318, PCC I V300, PCC II V413, PCCII V318 PCC II V134, PCC II LABEL, PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO SUNDAY PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO SUNDAY PARTY MEMBER CUMULATED PARTY QUESTION PARTY QUESTION DATASET 1 1 "Freedom Party” 1 "Freedom Party" 1 "Freedom Party” 1 "SS Freedom Party (W1)" 2 2 "Democratic Party" 2 "Democratic Party" 2 "Democratic Party" 1 “DS Democratic 1 “DS Democratic 2 "DS Democratic Party” Party” Party" 3 3 "CSS Czecho- 3 "Czecho-Slovak 3 "Czecho-Slovak 3 "CSS Slovak Socialist Socialist Party" Socialist Party" Czechoslovak Party" Socialist Party (W1)" 4 4 "HOS Movmt. for 4 Movement for civic 4 Movement civic 4 "HOS Movmt. for Civil Freedom " freedom freedom Civil Freedom (W1)" 5 5 "Public Against 5 “Public Against 4 “Public Against 1”HZDS Movement 2 “HZDS Movement 2 “HZDS Movement 4 HZDS 5 "VPS Public Violence" Violence" Violence" for a Democratic for a Democratic for a Democratic Movement for a Against Slovakia” Slovakia” Slovakia” Democratic Slovakia Violence/HZDS Movmt. for a Democ. Sk." 6 6 "SB Free Bloc " 6 "Free Bloc" 5 "Free Bloc" 6 "SB Free Bloc (W1)" 7 7 "OF Civic Forum" 7 "Civic Forum" 6 "Civic Forum" 7 "OF Civic Forum (W1)" 8 8 "All People 8 "All People 7 "All People 8 "All People Democratic Party" Democratic Party" Democratic Party" Democratic Party (W1)" 9 9 "VSZS Grouping of 9 "Interest Union/Cz" 8 "Interest Union, 9 "VSZS Grouping of Interest Unions, Czech" Interest Unions, Czech" Czech (W1)" 10 13 "Hungarian 10 "MKDM Christian-Democratic Hungarian Christian- Movmt. Democratic Movmt. (W1)" 11 11 "SZV Alliance of 11 "Farmers/Rural 10 "Farmers/Rural 11 "SZV Alliance of Farmers and the Population" population" Farmers and Countryside" Countryside (W1)" 12 12 "Egyuetteles 12 "Egyuetteles 12 "Egyuetteles 12 "ESWS Coexistence" Coexistence Coexistence Együtteles Coexistence (W1)" 13 13 "Czechoslovak 13 "Czechoslovak 11 "Czechoslovak 13 "CDF Democratic Forum" Democratic Forum" Democratic Forum” Czechoslovak Democratic Forum (W1)" 14 14 "Slovak National 14 "Slovak National 12 "Slovak National 9 “SNS Slovak 7 “SNS Slovak 7 “SNS Slovak 8 SNS Slovak 14 "SNS Slovak Party" Party" Party" National Party” National Party” National Party” National Party National Party" 15 15 "Christ.-Democr. 15”Christ.-Democr. 15”Christ.-Democr. 4 “KDH Christian 4 “KDH Christian 15 "KDH Christ.- Party" Movement" Party" Democratic Democratic Democr. Movmt." Movement” Movement” 16 17 "Czecho-Slovak 17 “Czecho-Slovak 16 "Czechoslovak Union" union” Union (W1)" 17 16 "SZ Green Party" 16"Party of Green" 14"Party of Green" 13 “SZS Party of 13 “SZS Party of 17 "SZS Party of Greens in Slovakia” Greens in Slovakia” Greens (in Slovakia)" 18 18 "Movemt. for Self- 15 "Movmt. for Self- 15 "Movmt. for Self- 18 "HDS Movmt. for Governing Dem." Administrative Dem.” Administrative Dem.” Self-Governing Democracy (W1)" 19 19 "SD Social 16 "Social 16 "Social 9 “SDSS Social 9 “SDSS Social 5 SDSS Social 19 "SD Social Democracy/ " Democracy" Democracy" Democratic Party in Democratic Party in Democratic Party in Democracy/SDSS Slovakia” Slovakia” Slovakia Soc.-Dem. Party in Slovakia" 20 20 "SPP Friends of 17 "Friends of Beer" 17 "Friends of Beer" 20 "SPP Friends of Beer" Beer (W1)" 21 21 "KDU Christian- 18 "Christian- 18 "Christian- 21 "KDU Christian- Democratic Union" Democratic Union" Democratic Union" Democratic Union (W1)" 22 10 "KSCS 10 "Communist Party 9 "Communist Party 22 "KSCS Communist Party of of Czechoslovakia" of Czechoslovakia" Communist Party of CFSR" Czechoslovakia (W1)" 23 14 “KSS Communist 3 “KSS Communist 3 “KSS Communist 9 KSS Communist 23 “KSS Communist Party of Slovakia” Party of Slovakia” Party of Slovakia” Party of Slovakia party of Slovakia (W2)” 24 13 “SDL Party of the 10 “SDL Party of the 10 “SDL Party of the 1 SDL Party of the 24 "SDL Party of the Democratic Left” Democratic Left” Democratic Left” Democratic Left Democratic Left (W2)" 25 16 “ZRS Association 15 “ZRS 15 “ZRS 25 "ZRS Association of Workers of Association of Association of of Workers of Slovakia” Workers of Slovakia” Workers of Slovakia” Slovakia (W2)" 26 2 “MLHZP 16 “MLHZP 26 "MLHZP Hu. Hungarian Movement Hungarian Movement Movmt. for Reconciliation for Reconciliation Reconciliation & and Prosperity” and Prosperity” Prosp. (W2)" 27 4 “SMK-MKP Party 11 “SMK-MKP Party 11 “SMK-MKP Party 27 "SMK Party of the of the Hungarian of the Hungarian of the Hungarian Hungarian Coalition Coalition” Coalition” Coalition” (W2)" 28 7 “SOP Party of Civil 12 “SOP Party of 12 “SOP Party of 3 SOP Party of 28 "SOP Party of Understanding” Civil Understanding” Civil Understanding” Civil Understanding Civic Understanding (W2)" 29 8 “SDK The Slovak 2 SDK The Slovak 29 “SDK The Slovak Democratic Coalition” Democratic Coalition Democratic Coalition” 30 6 “SDKU Slovak 6 “SDKU Slovak 6 SDKÚ Slovak 30 "/SDKU Slovak Democratic and Democratic and Democratic and Democ.&Christ. Christian Union” Christian Union” Christian Union Un.(W2)" 31 8 “SMER Direction” 7 SMER Direction 31 "SMER Direction (W2)" 32 5 “LDU Liberal- 32 "LDU Liberal- Democratic Union” Democr. Union (W2)" 33 10 “NEI Independent 33 "NEI 'Indep. Inititative of the Inititative of the SK Slovak Republic” Rep.' (W2)" 34 12 “HTC The Third 34 "HTC 'The Third Way Movement” Way Movement'(W2)" 35 5 “NSK Our 35 "NSK 'Our Slovakia” Slovakia' (W2)" 36 16 “ROI Romany 36 "ROI Romany Civil Initiative” Civil Initiative (W2)" 37 14 “STRED Center” 37 "STRED Center (W2)"

ESTONIA (date of survey: June 1991 & Dec. 2001)

V285, PCC I V405, PCC I V311, PCC I V285, PCC II V405, PCCII V129, PCC II V311, PCC II LABEL, PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO PARTY SUNDAY PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO PARTY PARTY MEMBER SUNDAY CUMULATED QUESTION QUESTION DATASET 1 1 "Democr. Party" 1 "Democr. Party" 1 "Democr. 1 "Democr. Party (W1)" Party" 2 2 "Democr. Union 2 "Democr. Union 2 "Democr. 2 "Democr. Union 'Free 'Free Estonia'" 'Free Estonia'" Union 'Free Estonia' (W1)" Estonia'" 3 3 "EEE Estonian 3 "EEE Estonian 3 "EEE Estonian 3 "EEE Estonian Entrepreneurs' Party" Entrepreneurs' Party" Entrepreneurs' Entrepreneurs' Party Party " (W1)" 4 4 "Interfront " 4 "Interfront 4 "Interfront" 4 "Interfront (W1)" 5 5 "Citizen Committee " 5 "Citizen Committee" 5 "Citizen 5 "Citizen Committee Committee)" (W1)" 6 6 "Estonian 6 "Estonian 6 "Estonian 6 "Estonian Communist Communist Party" Communist Party" Communist Party (W1)" Party" 7 7 "CPSU " 7 "CPSU" 7 "CPSU" 7 "CPSU (W1)" 8 8 "Christian 8 "Christian Democrats 9 "Christian 8 "Christian Democrats Democrats" Democrats" (W1)" 9 9 "EMK Rural Centrist 10 "EMK Rural Centrist 11 "Rural 9 "EMK Rural Centrist Party " Party " Centrist Party " Party (W1)" 10 10 "EM Rural Union" 11 "EM Rural Union" 5 “ EME Estonian 5 “ERL Estonian 2 “ERL Estonian 5 “ERL 10 "EM/EME/ERL Country People's People's Union“ People's Union” Estonian Estonian People’s Party” People's Union" Union” 11 11"Popular Front" 14 Popular Front" 14"Popular 11 "Popular Front" Front" 12 12 "ERSP Estonian 15 "ERSP Estonian 15 "ERSP 12 "ERSP Estonian Nat. Nat. Independence Nat. Independence Estonian Nat. Independence Party Party " Party (W1)" Independence (W1) " Party (W1)" 13 13 "Green Movmt.§ 17 "Green Movmt." 17 "Green 13 "Green Movmt. (W1)” Movmt." 14 14 "Green Party " 18 "Green Party" 18 "Green Party" 14 "Green Party (W1)" 15 15 "Council of Work 21 "Council of Work "20 "Council of 15 "Council of Work Collectives" Collectives" Work Collectives (W1)" Collectives" 16 16 "Congress of 24 "Congress of 24 "Congress of 16 "Congress of Estonia Estonia" Estonia" Estonia" (W1)" 17 17 "Association of 25 "Association of 25 "Association 17 "Association of Individuals" Individuals" of Individuals" Individuals (W1)" 18 8 "Conserv. 18 "Conserv. People's People's Party" Party (W1)" 19 9 "Liberal Democrats" 10 "Liberal 9 “ER Estonian 6 “ER Estonian Reform 4 “R Estonian Reform 9 “RE 19 "ELDP Liberal Democrats" Reform Party” Party” Party” Estonian Democrats/ER Estonian Reform Party” Reform Party" 20 12 "Memento" 12 "Memento" 20 "Memento (W1)" 21 13 "Estonian Heritage 13 "Estonian 21 "Estonian Heritage Soc." Heritage Soc." Soc. (W1)" 22 16 "Royalists " 16 "Royalists” 22 "Royalists (W1)” 23 19 "Soc.-Democr. 19 "Soc.- 23 "ESDP Soc.-Democr. Party" Democr. Party Party (W1)” 24 22 "Republican Party " 22 "Republican 24 "Republican Party Party " (W1) " 25 20 "Union of Farmers" 7 “PK Farmers 11 “PK Farmers 7 “PK Farmers 25 "PK Farmers Assemly” Assembly” Assemly” Assembly" 26 1 “KESK Estonian 2 “KESK Estonian 1 “KESK Estonian 1 “KESK 26 "KESK Estonian Center Party” Center Party” Center Party” Estonian Centre Party (W2)" Center Party” 27 2 “EKRP Estonian 4 “EKRP Estonian 2 “EKRP 27 "EKRP Estonian Christian People's Christian People's Party” Estonian Christian People's Party Party” Christian (W2)" People's Party” 28 3 “ESDTP Estonian 7 “ESDTP Est. Soc.- 3 “ESDTP 28 "ESDTP Estonian Social Democratic Democr. Labour Estonian Social Democratic Labour Party” Party” Social Labour Party (W2)" Democratic Labour Party” 29 4 “EÜRP Estonian 8 “EÜRP Estonian 5 “EÜRP Est. United 4 “EÜRP 29 "EÜRP Estonian United People's United People's Party” People's Party” Estonian United People's Party Party” United (W2)" People's Party” 30 6 “I Pro Patria 9 “I Pro Patria Union” 3 “I Pro Patria Union “ 6 “I Pro Patria 30 "IERSP Isamaaliit – Union” Union” Homeland Alliance (W2)" 31 8 “M Moderates” 10 “M Moderates” 6 “M Moderates” 8 “M 31 "M Moderates (W2)" Moderates” 32 10 “VBEE Russian 10 “VBEE 32 "VBEE Russian Baltic Baltic Party in Russian Baltic Party in Estonia (W2)" Estonia” Party in Estonia” 33 11 “VEE Russian 12 “VEE Russian Party 11 “VEE 33 "VEE Russian Party Party in Estonia” in Estonia” Russian Party in Estonia (W2)" in Estonia” 34 12 “VÜP Russian 12 “VÜP 34 "VÜP Russian Unity Unity Party” Russian Unity Party (W2)" Party” 35 1 “Estonian Party of 35 "AP Development development” Party (W2)" 36 3 “EK Estonian Coalition 36 "EK Estonian Party” Coalition Party (W2)" 37 7 “ESE Estonian Blue 37 "ESE Estonian Blue Party” Party (W2)"

POLAND (date of survey: Jan 1991 & march 2000)

V410, PCC I V290, PCC II V410, PCCII V132, PCC II V316 PCC II LABEL, CUMULATED CLOSE TO PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO PARTY PARTY MEMBER SUNDAY QUESTION DATASET PARTY 1 1 “P. Str. 7 “PSL Polish Peasant 5 “PSL Polish Peasant 5 “PSL Polish Peasant Party” 5 “PSL Polish Peasant 1 "PSL Polish Peasant Party" Ludowa Party” Party” Party” 2 2 “KPN” 2 "KPN Confederation for an Independent Poland (W1)" 3 3 “SDRP” 3 "SdRP Social Democracy of Republic of Poland (W1)" 4 4 “ROAD” 4 "ROAD Citizens’ Movmt. For Democratic Action (W1)" 5 5 “Forum” 5 "FPD Forum of Democratic Right (W1)" 6 6 “Unia 4 “UW Freedom Union” 11 “UW Freedom Union” 11 “UW Freedom Union” 11 “UW Freedom Union” 6 "UD Democratic Union/UW Democr” Freedom Union 7 7 “PC” 7 "PC Center Alliance (W1)" 8 8 “PPS” 8 "PPS Polish Socialist Party (W1)" 9 9 “SD” 9 "SD Democratic Party (W1)" 10 10 10 "S Solidarity Trade Union “Solidarnosz” (W1)" 11 11 “OPPZ” 11 "OPZZ All Poland Trade Union Accord (W1)" 12 12 “Ruch Ludzi 12 "Ruch Ludzi Pracy Labour Prace” People Movmt. (W1)" 13 5 “AWS Electoral Action 1 “AWS Electoral Action 1 “AWS (Electoral Action 'Solidarity')” 1 “AWS Electoral Action 13 "AWS Electoral Action 'Solidarity'” 'Solidarity”' 'Solidarity'” 'Solidarity' (W2)" 14 2 “ChD III RP Christian 2 “ChD III RP (Christian Democracy of the 2 “ChD III RP Christian 14 "ChD III RP Christ.Democr. of Democracy of the 3rd III Republic)” Democracy of the 3rd the 3rd Rep. (W2)" Republik” Republik” 15 10 “KPEiR National 3 “KPEiR National 3 “KPEiR (National Pensioners' Party)” 3 “KPEiR National 15 "KPEiR National Pensioners Pensioners Party” Pensioners Party” Pensioners Party” Party (W2)" 16 3 “KPEiR RP National 4 “KPEiR RP National 4 “KPEiR RP (National Alliance of 4 “KPEiR RP National 16 "KPEiR RP National Alliance Alliance of Pensioners” Alliance of Pensioners” Pensioners” Alliance of Pensioners” of Pensioners (W2)" 17 6 “PL-D Peasant 6 “PL-D (Peasant-Democratic Party)” 6 PL-D Peasant 17 "PL-D Peasant Democratic Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Party (W2)" 18 9 “ROP Movement for 7 “ROP Movement for 7 “ROP (Movement for Reconstruction of 7 “ROP Movement for 18 "ROP Movement for Reconstruction of Poland” Reconstruction of Poland” Poland)” Reconstruction of Poland” Reconstruction of Poland (W2)" 19 6 “SLD Alliance of the 8 “SLD Alliance of the 8 “SLD Alliance of the Democratic Left” 8 “SLD Alliance of the 19 "SLD Alliance of the Demokratic Left” Democratic Left” Democratic Left” Democratic Left (W2)" 20 8 “UPR Union of Real 9 “UPR Union of Real 9 “UPR (Union of Real Politics)” 9 “UPR Union of Real 20 "UPR Union of Political Politics” Politics” Politics” Realism (W2)" 21 1 “UP Union of Labor “ 10 “UP Union of Labor” 10 “UP (Union of Labor)” 10 “UP Union of Labor” 21 "UP Union of Labour (W2)"

22 12 “”ZZR 'Samoobrona' 12 “ZZR 'Samoobrona' (Peasant Trade 12 “ZZR 'Samoobrona' 22 "ZZR 'SamoObrona', Peasant Trade Union Union 'Selfdefence')” Peasant Trade Union 'Selfdefence' (W2)" 'Selfdefence'"” “'Selfdefence'" 23 2 “N-Ch-D BdP National 23 "N-Ch-D BdP National Christian Bloc” Christian Bloc” (W2)"

UKRAINE (date of survey: Jan 1991 & Nov/Dec. 1999)

V320, PCC I V415, PCP I V320, PCC II V415, PCC II V135, PCC II VOTED WHICH LABEL, CUMULATED SUNDAY CLOSE TO SUNDAY QUESTION CLOSE TO PARTY PARTY MEMBER PARTY DATASET QUESTION PARTY PARTY VOTE 1 1 “Communist Party” 1 “Communist Party” 9 “KPU Communist Party of 9 “ KPU Communist 9 “KPU Communist Party 11 KPU 1 "KPU Communist Party Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” of Ukraine” Communist Party of of Ukraine" Ukraine 2 2 “Party of 2 “Party of 2 "PDVU Party of Dem. Democratic Revival” Democratic Revival” Rebirth (W1)" 3 3 “Democratic Party” 3 “Democratic Party” 8 “DemPU Democratic Party 8 “DemPU Democratic 8 “DemPU Democratic 3 "DPU Democratic Party of Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” of Ukraine 4 4 “National Party of 4 “National Party of 4 "National Party of the the Ukraine” the Ukraine” Ukraine (W1)" 5 6 “Christian 6 “Christian 49 “UKhDP Ukrain. Christ. 49 “UKhDP Ukrain. 49 “Uk.chris.-democ.P.” 5 "UkhDP Ukrain. Christ. Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democ. Party” Christ. Democ. Party” Dem. Party" 6 5 “Liberal-Democratic 5 “Liberal- 13 “LDPU Liber.-Democr. 13 “LDPU Liber.-Democr. 13 “ Liber.-democr.P.” 6 "LDPU Liberal- Party” Democratic Party” Party of Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” Democratic Party of UA" 7 7 “Republican Party” 7 “Republican Party” 47 “Uk.republican P.” 47 “Uk.republican P.” 47 “Uk.republican P.” 7 "URP Ukr. Republican Party" 8 8 “Green Party” 8 “Green Party” 22 “PZU Green Party of 22 “PZU Green Party of 22 “Green P.of Ukr.” 10 “PZU Green 8 "PZU Green Party of Ukraine” Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” Ukraine" 9 9 “Ukrainian National 9 “Ukrainian National 9 "UNP Ukrainian National Party” Party” Party (W1)" 10 10 “Peasant 10 “Peasant 48 “USDP Uk.peasen- 48 “Uk.peasen- 48 “Uk.peasen- 10 "USDP Uk. Peasants’ Democratic Party” Democratic Party” democratic P.” democratic P.” democratic P.” Dem. Party" 11 11 “Republican Party 11 “Republican Party 11 "Republican Party of of the Ukraine” of the Ukraine” the Ukraine (W1)" 12 12 “Social Democratic 12 “Social 37 „SDPU Soc. Dem. Party of 37 SDPU Soc. Dem. 37 “Soc.democr.P.” 16 „SDPU Soc. 12 "SDPU Soc.-Dem Party” Democratic Party” Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” Dem. Party of Party of Uk." Ukraine” 13 13 “United Social- 13 “United Social- 38 “SDPU(o) Soc. Dem. 38 SDPU(o) Soc. Dem. 38 “Soc.democr.P. 27 “SDPU(o) Soc. 13 "SPDU(o) United Soc.- Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Party (united)” Party (united)” (united)” Dem. Party (united)” Dem. Party of Ukraine" 14 14 Constitutional 11 “KDPU Constitutional 11 “KDPU Constitutional 11 “KDPU Constitutional 14 "KDPU Constitutional Democrats” Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democratic Party" 15 1 “APU Agrarian Party of 1 APU Agrarian Party of 1 “APU Agrarian Party of 9 “APU Agrarian 15 "APU Agrarian Party of Ukraine” Ukraine Ukraine” Party of Ukraine” Ukraine (W2)" 16 2 “VZhI Allukr. P. of Women's 2 “VZhI Allukr.P.of 2 “VZhI Allukr. P. of 24 “Allukr. P. of 16 "VZhI Allukr. Party of Initiatives” Women's Initiatives” Women's Initiatives” Women's Initiatives” Women's Initiatives (W2)" 17 3 “VPT Party of Workers” 3 VPT Party of 3 “VPT Party of Workers” 21 “VPT Allukraine 17 "VPT Party of Workers Workers Party of Workers” (W2)" 18 4 “P.of 'Civil consent'” 4 P.of 'Civil consent' 4 P.of 'Civil consent' 18 "Party of Civic Consent (W2)" 19 5 “HROMADA All-Ukrain. 5 HROMADA All- 5 “As.'Gromada'” 4 “HROMADA All- 19 "VOH All-Ukrain. Ass. Ass. 'Gromada'” Ukrain. Ass. 'Gromada' Ukrain. Ass. 'HROMADA (W2)" 'Gromada'” 20 6 “P.as.'State indep.Uk.'” 6 P.as.'State indep.Uk.' 6 “P.as.'State indep.Uk.'” 20 "DSU Ukrainian Statehood and Independence (W2)" 21 7 “HKU Civic Congress” 7 “Civil congresses” 7 “Civil congresses” 21 "GKU Civic Congress of Ukraine (W2)" 22 10 “KUN Congr. of Ukrainian 10 KUN Congr. of 10 “KUN Congr. of 22 "KUN Congress of Nationalists” Ukrainian Nationalists Ukrainian Nationalists” Ukrainian Nationalists in UA (W2)" 23 12 “LP Liberal Party” 12 “LP Liberal Party” 12 “LP Liberal Party” 23 "LPU Liberal Party of Ukraine (W2)" 24 14 “NRU Popular Movmt. of 14 “NRU Popular Movmt. 14 “NRU Popular Movmt. 20 “NRU Popular 24 "NRU Popular Movmt. Ukraine” of Ukraine” of Ukraine” Movmt. of Ukraine” of Ukraine (former Rukh- U) (W2)" 25 15 „NDP Nat.-Dem. Party“ 15 “NDP Nat.-Dem. 15 “NDP Nat.-Dem. 23 “NDP Nat- 25 "NDPU Popular Dem. Party” Party” Democr. Party” Party (W2)" 26 16 “OUND Organ. of 16 “OUND Organ. of 16 “OUND Organ. of 26 "OUNvU Organisation Ukrainian Nationalists in Ukrainian Nationalists” Ukrainian Nationalists” of Ukr: Nationalists in Ukraine” Ukraine (W2)" 27 17 “PVSPU P. of Peasants a. 17 “P.peasants,busin.” 17 “P.peasants,busin.” 27 "PVSPU Party of Enterpreneurs” Peasants and Entrepreneurs (W2)" 28 18 “PDESP P.of Spirit, Econ. 18 “PDESP P.of Spirit, 18 “P.of spir., econ.and 29 “P.for Spir., 28 "PDESP Party of A. Soc. Progr.” Econ. a. Soc. Progr.” soc. progr.” Econ.and Spiritual, Econ. and Soc. Soc.Progr.” Progress (W2)" 29 19 “PEV Party of Econ. 19 “PEV Party of Econ. “19 P.of econ.rebirth” 29 "PEV Party of Econ. Rebirth” Rebirth” Rebirth (W2)" 30 20 “PZhU Party 'Women of 20 “PZhU Party 'Women “20 PZhU Party 'Women 30 "PZhU Party 'Women Ukraine'” of Ukraine'” of Ukraine'” of Ukraine' (W2)" 31 21 “PZV Party of Fatherland's 21 “PZV Party of 21 “P.of Fatherland's 7 “P.of Fatherland's 31 "PZV Party of defenders” Fatherland's defenders” defenders” defenders” Fatherland's Defenders (W2)" 32 23 “PK(b)U P. of Communist 23 PK(b)U P. of 23 “PK(b)U P. of 32 "PK(b)U Party of of Ukraine” Communist of Ukraine” Communist of Ukraine” Communist of Ukraine (W2)" 33 24 “P.'Interr.block of reforms'” 24 “P.'Interr.block of 24 “P.'Interr.block of 33 "MBR Interregional reforms'” reforms'” Reform Bloc (W2)" 34 25 “PMU Party of Muslims of 25 “PMU Party of 25 “PMU Party of 8 “PMU Party of 34 "PMU Party of Muslims Ukraine” Muslims of Ukraine” Muslims of Ukraine” Muslims of Ukraine” of Ukraine (W2)" 35 26 “PNERU P. of Nat.-Econ. 26 “P.of nat.- 26 “P.of nat.- 22 “PNERU P. of 35 "PNERU Party of Nat.- Evolut. of Ukraine” econ.development of econ.development of Nat.-Econ. Evolut. of Econ. Development of Ukr.” Ukr.” Ukraine” Ukraine (W2)" 36 27 “PNPU P. of Nat. 27 “P.of nat.rescue” 27 “P.of nat.rescue” 36 "PNPU Party of Nat. Salvation” Salvation of Ukraine (W2)" 37 28 “PPU Party of Work” 28 “P.of work” 28 “P.of work” 37 "PPU Party of Work (W2)" 38 29 “PRBU Party of Rehabil. 29 “PRBU Party of 29 “PRBU Party of 38 "PRBU Party of Dangerous Patients” Rehabil. Dangerous Rehabil. Dangerous Rehabilitation of Seriously Patients” Patients” Ill People (W2)" 39 30 “PRVU Party of Region. 30 “PRVU Party of 30 “PRVU Party of 2 “PRVU Party of 39 "PRVU Party of Rebirth” Region. Rebirth” Region. Rebirth” Region. Rebirth” Regional Rebirth (W2)" 40 31 “PRP Party 'Reforms and 31 “PRP Party 'Reforms 31 “PRP Party 'Reforms 28 “PRP Party 40 "PRP Party 'Reforms Order'” and Order'” and Order'” 'Reforms and order'” and Order' (W2)" 41 32 “PSYeU Party of Slavic 32 “PSYeU Party of 32 “PSYeU Party of 41 "PSYeU Party of Slavic Unity” Slavic Unity” Slavic Unity” Unity (W2)" 42 33 “SOYUZ Party 'The 33 “SOYUZ Party 'The 33 “P. 'Union'” 12 “SOYUZ Party 42 "SOYUZ Party 'The Union'” Union'” 'The Union'” Union' (W2)" 43 34 “PSP Progressive 34 “PSP Progressive 34 “Progressive 30 “PSP 43 "PSPU Progressive Socialists” Socialists” socialists” Progressive Socialists (W2)" Socialists” 44 35 “Republ.christ.P.” 35 “Republ.christ.P.” 35 “Republ.christ.P.” 5 “RKhP Republ. 44 "RKhP Republ. Christ. Christ. Party” Party (W2)" 45 36 “SelPU Peasents' Party” 36 “SelPU Peasents' 36 “Peasents'P.” 45 "SelPU Peasents' Party” Party of Ukraine (W2)" 46 39 “SNPU Soc.-national P. “ 39 “Soc.-national P.” 39 “Soc.-national P.” 46 "SNPU Soc.-National Party (W2)" 47 40 “SPU Socialist Party” 40 “SPU Socialist Party” 40 “SPU Socialist Party” 47 "SPU Socialist Party (W2)" 48 41 “Uk.conserv.republ.P.” 41 “Uk.conserv.republ.P.” 41 “Uk.conserv.republ.P.” 48 "UKRP Ukr. Conserv. Republ. Party (W2)" 49 42 “Ukr.national assemb.” 42 “Ukr.national assemb.” 42 “Ukr.national assemb.” 6 “UNA Ukrainian 49 "UNA Ukrainian National Assembly” National Assembly (W2)" 50 43 “Uk.nation.conserv.P.” 43 “Uk.nation.conserv.P.” 43 “Uk.nation.conserv.P.” 50 "UNKP Ukr. Nat. conservative Party (W2)" 51 44 “UPSSS Ukr. P. of 44 “Uk.P. of solidarity and 44 “Uk.P. of solidarity and 51 "UPSSS Ukr . P. of Solidarity a. Soc. Justice” social validity” social validity” Solidarity a. Soc. Justice (W2)" 52 45 “UPS Ukrainian Party of 45”UPS Ukrainian Party 45 “Uk.P. of validity” 52 "UPS Ukrainian Party Justice” of Justice” of Justice (W2)" 53 46 “PshPU P. of Beer Lovers 46 “PshPU P. of Beer 46 “PShPU P.of Beer 53 "PshPU Party of Beer of Ukraine” Lovers of Ukraine” Lovers of Ukraine” Lovers of Ukraine (W2)" 54 50 “KhDPU Christ.-Democr. 50 “KhDPU Christ.- 50 “Chris.-democ.P.” 25 “ KhDPU Christ. 54 "KhDPU Christ.- P. of Ukraine” Democr. P. of Ukraine” Democr. Party of Democr. Party of Ukraine P. of Ukraine” Democr. P. of Ukraine” Democr. Party of Democr. Party of Ukraine Ukr.” (W2)" 55 51 “Chris.-liber.unions” 51 “Chris.-liber.unions” 51 “Chris.-liber.unions” 55 "Christian-liberal unions (W2)" 56 52 “Chris.-nation.unions” 52 “Chris.-nation.unions” 52 “Chris.-nation.unions” 56 "Christian-national unions (W2)" 57 1”RAZOM Bloc 57 "RAZOM Bloc Labour ‘Labour P. and Party and Liberal Party Liberal.P.’” (W2)" 58 3 “MS Bloc 'Less of 58 "MS Bloc 'Less of words'” words' (W2)" 59 26 “SPU-SelPU 59 "SPU-SelPU Socialist Socialist Party/Peasants' bloc Party/Peasent's (W2)" Bloc” 60 13 “VU Bloc 60 "VU Bloc 'Ahead, 'Ahead, Ukraine'” Ukraine' (W2)" 61 14 “NEP Bloc of 61 "DESP Party of Spirit, democratic Parties” Econ. and Soc. Progress (W2)" 62 15 “TU Bloc 'Labour 62 "TU Bloc 'Labour Ukraine'” Ukraine' (W2)" 63 17 “YeVU Bloc 63 "YeVU Bloc 'European 'European Choice of Choice of Ukraine' (W2)" Ukraine'” 64 18 “NF Bloc 64 "NF Bloc 'National 'National Front'” Front' (W2)" 65 19 “SLON Bloc 65 "SLON Bloc 'Social- 'Social-Liberal. Liberal. Union' (W2)" Union'”

ROMANIA (date of survey Dec. 1990 and March/Apr. 1998)

V292, PCC I V317, PCC I V133, PCC II V3292 PCCII, V411, PCC II V317, PCC II LABEL, CUMULATED PARTY VOTE SUNDAY PARTY MEMBER PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO SUNDAY QUESTION DATASET QUESTION PARTY 1 1 “FSN Nat Salv Front” 1 “FSN” 3 “PD-FSN . 1 "PD-FSN Dem. Party/Nat Salvation Democratic Party” Front" 2 2 “UDMR Hung 2 “UDMR” 12 “UDMR Democr. 5 “UDMR Democr. All. 5 “UDMR Democr. 5 “UDMR Democr. All. of 2 "UDMR Dem. Alliance of democr. Union” All. of Hung. in Rom.” of Hung. in Rom.” All. of Hung. in Rom. Hung. in Rom. “ Hungarians. in Rom." “ 3 3 “PNL National 3 “PNL” 6 “PNL National 3 "PNL National Liberal Party" Liberal P.” Liberal Party” 4 4 “PNT-cd nat. (christ 4 “PNT-cd” 7 “PNTCD Christ. 4 "PNTCD Christ. Dem. Nat. dem.) peasants’ party” Democr. Peasants' Peasants' Party" Party” 5 5 “MER Rom. Ecolog. 5 “MER” 5 "MER Rom. Ecological Movmt. Movemt.” (W1)" 6 6 “PUNR Roman. 6 “PUNR” 10 “PUNR P. of Rom. 4 “PUNR P. of Rom. 4 “PUNR P. of Rom. 4 “PUNR P. of Rom. 6 "PUNR Party of Rom. National Unity alliance” National Unity” National Unity” National Unity” National Unity” Unity" 7 7 “PDA agrarian dem. 7 “PDA” 4 “PDAR Democr. 7 "PDAR Dem. Agrar. Party of Party” Agrar. P. of Rom.” Romania" 8 8 “PER Rom ecology. 8 “PER” 11”PER Romanian 8 "PER Romanian Ecologist Party" Party” Ecologist Party” 9 9 “PSDR Romanian 9 “PSDR” 5 “PDSR Social 2 “PDSR Romanian 2 “PDSR Rom. Soc. 2 “PDSR Rom. Soc. 9 "PSDR Rom. Socialist dem. P./ Socialist democratic P” Democracy P. of Social Democratic Party Democratic Party” Democratic Party” PDSR Rom. Soc. Democracy" Rom.” “ 10 7 “PS Socialist Party” 7 “PS Socialist 7 “PS Socialist Party” 10 "PS Socialist Party (W2)" Party” 11 10 “PSDR Romanian 10 “PSDR” 11 "PSDR Romanian Social dem. Social democratic P.” Party (W1)" 12 “VR Vatra 11 ”VR” 12 "VR 'Vatra Romaneasca'- Romaneasca Union” Romania's hearth (W1)" 13 11 “Cand. Independ” 12 “indep. 13 "Independent Candate" Candidate” 14 12 “PSM Partidul 13 “PSM” 9 “PSM Socialist Party 8 “PSM Socialist Party 8 “PSM Socialist 8 “PSM Socialist Party of 14 "PSM Socialist Party of Labour" socialist al muncii” of Labour” of Labour” Party of Labour” Labour” 15 1 ”CDR Democr. 1 “CDR Democr. 1 “CDR Democr. 15 "CDR Cemocratic Convention of Convention of Rom.” Convention of Rom.” Convention of Rom.” Romania (W2)" 16 8 “PRM Greater 3 “PRM Greater 3 “PRM Greater 3 “PRM Greater Romania 16 "PRM Greater Romania Party Romania Party“ Romania Party” Romania Party” Party” (W2)" 17 6 “USD (PD- 6 “USD (PD+PSDR) 17 "USD (PD+PSDR) Social Dem. FSN+PSDR) Social Social Democr. Union (W2)" Democr. Union” Union” 18 1 “ANL Nat. Liberal 9 “ANL Nat. Liberal 9 “ANL Nat. Liberal 9 “ANL Nat. Liberal 18 "ANL Nat. Liberal Alliance (W2)" Alliance” Alliance” Alliance” Alliance” 19 2 “PAC Civic Alliance 19 "PAC Civic Alliance Party (W2)" Party”

SLOVENIA, (date of survey may – june 1991 and may-jul 1999)

V301, PCP I, V414, PCPI V319, PCP I V301, PCP II, V414, PCPII V319, PCP II LABEL, PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO PARTY SUNDAY QUESTION PARTY VOTE CLOSE TO PARTY SUNDAY QUESTION CUMULATED DATASET 1 1 “Sm-Scale Indus. P 9 “Sm-Scale Ind. Party” 9 “Sm-Scale Ind. Party” 3 “LDS Liberal 3 “LDS Liberal 3 “LDS Liberal 1 "LDS Liberal ( “LDS Liberal Dem. Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democratic Party” Democratic Party" Party)” 2 2 “Greens” 8 “The Greens” 8 “The Greens” 9 “ZS Greens of 9 “ZS Greens of 9 “ZS Greens of 2 "ZS Greens of Slovenia” Slovenia” Slovenia” Slovenia" 3 3 “Farmer Alliance 7 “Farmers Alliance“ 7 “Farmers Alliance“ 4 “SLS Slovenian 4 “SLS Slovenian 4 “SLS Slovenian 3 "SKZ Peasant (“SKZ” Slovene Peasants People's Party” People's Party” People's Party” League/SLS People's league )” Party" 4 4 “Christian Democrats 6 “Christian Democrats “ 6 “Christian Democrats “ 7 “SKD Slovenian 7 “SKD Slovenian 7 “SKD Slovenian 4 "SKD Slovenian (“SKD Slov. Christ. Christian Democrats” Christian Democrats” Christian Democrats” Christian Democrats" Dem”)” 5 5 “Social Democratic 5 “Social Democratic 5 “Social Democratic 6 “SDS Social 6 “SDS Social 6 “SDS Social 5 "SDSS Social Alliance (“SDSS Social Alliance” Alliance” Democratic Party of Democratic Party of Democratic Party of Democratic Party of democratic party)” Slovenia” Slovenia” Slovenia” Slovenia" 6 6 “Liberal Democratic 4 “Liberal Democratic 4 “Liberal Democratic 1 “DS Democratic 1 “DS Democratic 1 “DS Democratic 6 "SDZ Democratic Alliance (SDZ Slovene Alliance” Alliance” Party” Party” Party” League/DSS Democratic Democratic League)” Party" 7 7 “Liberal-Democratic 3 “Liberal Democratic 3 “Liberal Democratic 7 "LS Liberal Party Party (LS Liberal Party)” Party” Party” (W1)" 8 8 “Democratic Renewal 2 “Democr. Renewal” 2 “Democr. Renewal” 8 "SDP Party of (SDP Party of Dem. Democratic Renewal Ren.)” (W1)" 9 9 “Socialist Party (SSS 1 “Socialists” 1 “Socialists” 9 "SSS Socialist Party of Socialist P. of sloven)” Slovenia (W1)" 10 11 “Different candidates” 10 "Different Candidates" 11 2 “DESUS Democr. P. 2 “DESUS Democr. P. 2 “DESUS Democr. P. 11 "DeSUS Democratic of Retired Pers. of Slov.” of Retired Pers. of Slov.” of Retired Pers. of Slov.” Party of Pensioners (W2)" 12 5 “SNS Slovenian 5 “SNS Slovenian 5 “SNS Slovenian 12 "SNS Slovenian National Party” National Party” National Party” National Party (W2)" 13 8 “ZLSD United List of 8 “ZLSD United List of 8 “ZLSD United List of 13 "ZLSD United List of Social Democrats” Social Democrats” Social Democrats” Social Democrats (W2)"

Post Communist Citizens 1990-92 (1st wave)

- Core Questionnaire - Democratization in Eastern Europe (Core Questionnaire)

l.Some people do quite a lot in politics while others find they haven't the time or perhaps the interest to participate in political activities. I'll read to you briefly some of the things that people do and I would like you to tell me how often you do each of them. The first is: "How often do you read about politics in the newspaper?I*

often some- seldom never DK times ...$J% , c-w>'-2.4 4 How often do you read about politics in the newspaper? 1 2 3 4 8 Discuss politics with other people 1 2 3 4 8 Try to convince friends to vote the same as you 1 2 3 4 8 Work with other people in this community to try to solve some local problem 1 2 3 4 8 Attend a political meeting or rally ' 1 2 3 4 8 Contact public officials or politicians 1 2 3 4 8

y-y- ‘r r* .‘ \ l ? Spend time working for a L ,f- political party or candidate 1 2 3 4 8

2 How many days in the past week did you watch the news on tilevision? (List number of days) (If the answer is 1 to 7 days, then:)

3 How much attention did you pay to television news about politics? 1. Great deal 2. Quite a bit 3 0 Some d

4 a Very little

5 l None 84 ?IK 9. NA

4 How many days in the past week did you read a daily newspaper? (List number of days) (If the answer is 1 to 7 days, then:) c 5. How much attention did you pay to newspaper articles about '-4,$.3 , politics? I:d&F;s~ .,

1. Great deal 2. Quite a bit

3 l Some 4 0 Very little 5 . None 8 0 DK 9 . NA

'4. There is considerable wument concerning the meaning of lemocracy. What is YOU opinion about this question? What is for you the meanina & democracy? (Interviewer: Reodrd exactly)

8- DK 9- ibm

7. Many people think of political attitudes as being on the "left*' or the "right? This is a scale stretching from the ~~left? to the *Tright19. When you think of your own political attitudes, where would you put yourself? Please mark the scale in the box rrXY 3

88 - DK 99 - NA

8. What do you meaH bf/.. *'lefV* in politics?

, r- 8 - DK 9 - NA

9 4 What do you &an by "right" in politics?

8 - DK 9-m

LO Are you a mem,ber of any organizations that appear on this Likt ?

Yes NO NA

Free time association, club 1 2 9

Any local association 1 2 9

Political party 1 2 9 (If yes, ask which party)......

/,;: :a ‘*& ’ Social (Political) movement 1 2 9 (If yes, ask which movement)......

Ecological group 1 2 9 Professional associations (of lawyers, teachers, doctors, etc.) 1 2 9

Sports club 1 2 9

Trade union 1 2 9 (If yes, ask which union)......

Student association 1 2 9

Parish religious organizations 1 2 9

Others 1 2 9 11 People associate democracy with diverse meanings such as th&se on this card (show card # ). For each of them, please tell me whether, for you, democracy has

1 l a lot, 2. something, 3. not much, or, 4. nothing to do with a lot some- not nothing to DK NA thing much do with a. political liberties e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of association 1 2 3 4 a 9 cyg .*3., . b’’ ****-..wc b. greater social equality 1 2 3 4 a 9 c. that many political and administrative decisions can be made at local and regional levels 1 2 3 4 a 9 d. less corruption and less selling of influence 1 2 3 4 a 9 e. freedom in moral and sexual matters 1 2 3 4 a 9 f. that judges provide equal justice beme the law 1 2 3 4 a 9

g l that the governjnent control banks and large private enterprises 1 2 3 4 a 9

h. equal rights for wemen 1 2 3 4 a 9 i. more jobs, less unemployment 1 2 3 4 a 9 * 3 . that economic conditions improve 1 2 3 4 a 9

k. multi-party system . 1 2 3 4 a 9

12 Are you totally satisfied or totally dissatisfied with th;? way in which democracy is working in today? (we will use this scale # ) Dissatisfied Satisfied . 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 DK (Don't know) 88 NA (Not applicable) 99

Now I would like to ask you some questions about economic conditions. L3r Considering the situation of (country) during the period that the present government has been in power_-___.c..-- -0 (since 198 ), would you say that the economic slttiat~~*fi%?--the‘-7-. ------country has Improved, gotten worse, or remained the same? 1 Improved 2: The same 3 0 Gotten worse

8 DK 9: NA 240 And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year the. e,conomic situation of t& country will improve,get worse, or remain the same? 1. Will improve 2 0 The same 3 a Get worse 8 . DK

9 l NA

,I” e : [ 7 tQT& ! 5 In comparison with the last five years of the previous GoGernment, would you say that the economic situation of the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same? 1. Improved 2 . The same 3 0 Gotten worse

8 l DK 9 0 NA

-1 9J 16 Would you say that under the present government corruption Y+ ' ani selling of influence have increased I have remained the same, or have declined? 1 Increased 2: Remained the same 3 0 Declined 8 0 DK 9. NA

17 Duriny the time that the present government has been in power (s&e 198 ) would you say, for example, that the condition of the working &lass (of the workers) has improved, gotten worse or has continued being more or less the same as before? (show card

And the peasantry? And the middle classes? And the entrepreneurs?

Improved More or Gotten DK NA less the worse same

The working class 1 2 3 8 9 The peasantry 1 2 3 8 9 The middle classes 1 2 3 8 9 The entrepreneurs 1 2 3 8 9

l l And in comparison with the situation during the last five ;Iars of (the previous regime), would you say, for example, that the .':*:( t,\-rr condition of the working class today has improved, gotten L ,r.'I ' worse,or has continued being more or less the same as it was then? And the peasantry? And the middle classes? And the entrepreneurs?

Improved More or Gotten DK NA less the worse same

The working class 1 2 3 8 9 . The peasantry 1 2 3 8 9 The middle classes 1 2 3 8 9 3

The entrepreneurs 1 2 3 8 9

19 Considering the money people earn from their work, do you

think that l l .? (Interviewer: read the alternatives) 1. There should be large differences 2. There should be some differences 3. There should be practically no differences 8. DK 9. NA

20 Compared with the life your parents lived at your age, do you @. ‘y. think you are, financially speaking, doing better, the same, or worse? 1. Better 2 Same 3: Worse 8. DK 9. NA

21 Compared with m&t of the people in your neighborhood, do you think that you are, financially speaking, doing better, the same, or worse? 1. Better 2 Same 3: Worse

22 In general, do you think that in (country) things are changing too fast, at the right speed, or too slowly? 1. Too fast 2. Right speed 3. Too slowly 8. DK 9. NA

23 Taking everything into account, in general, are you satisfied, or not satisfied with the present government? (Interviewer: show card # ) I Not satisfied Very satisfied DK NA 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 88 99

e 24 Taking everything into account, in general, were you satisfied or dissatisfied with the previous government (with the government before the regime-change) ? (Interviewer: show card # 1 Not satisfied Very satisfied DK NA 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 88 99

25 . (For those who are working or retired) How much influence ft$+ft.'&' would you say that people like you have in decisions at your (former) workplace? 1. Decisive 2 0 Much 3 0 A little 4 0 None 8 ix -T 9: NA

26 . (For those who are working or retired) In general, how satisfied are/were you with your work situation?

Dissatisfied Satisfied DK NA 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 88 99 c-4 &L’ 27 Are you single, married, widowed, separated, divorced, or living with a partner? 1. Married 2. Living with a partner 3 0 Single 4 Widowed 5: Separated 6. Divorced 9. NA

28 l Does your husband/wife/companion work outside of the house? 1. Yes (to next question) 2. No (skip next question) 8 DK (skip next question) '9: NA (skip next question)

29 l Is it full-time or part-time work? LFull-time

2 l Part-time 8. DK 9. NA

30. How much influence would you say that you have in family decisions?

3. A little

4 l None

8 l DK

9 l NA

31 In general, how satisfied are you with your family situation? (Sf;ow card)

Dissatisfied Satisfied DK NA 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 88 99

32 Tell me if you are completely in agreement, partially in agieement, partially in disagreement, or completely in h- disagreement with the following statements:

1. Completely ih agreeme&

2 l Partially iQi agreeti

3 l Partially i;tp disagree

4 l Completely -ia disagree-t 8 DK 9: NA

The best thing for & woman to do is to take care of the house. 1 2 3 4 8 9 Homosexuals are people who should be accepted like anybody else. 1 2 3 4 8 9 Abortions should be avaj&bie to 1 all women who want them. 1 2 3 4 8 9 .

33 In order to gaZ ahead, people need to have confidence and to feel that they can trust themselves and others. To what degree do you think that you trust the following totally, to a certain point, little, or not at all? Totally Certain Pt. Little None DK NA Family and relatives 1 2 3 4 8 9 National government 1 2 3 4 8 9 kF?4 Zhurch and clergy 1 2 3 4 8 9 kg>,' Jeighbors 1 2 3 4 8 9 People of your language 1 2 3 4 8 9 TV, newspapers, radio 1 2 3 4 8 9 Trade unions 1 2 3 4 8 9

God 1 2 3 4 8 9 Oneself 1 2 3 4 8 9 Work Companions 1 2 3 4 8 9

Political parties 1 2 3 4 8 9 Employers 1 -2 3 4 8 9 The police 1 2 3 4 8 9

The l oooooeeooo (The leading party in the governing * coalition, or the governing party) 1 2 3 4 8 9 The •~~~~e~a~e~ (The biggest oppositional party) 1 2 3 4 8 9 The Parliament 1 2 3 4 8 9 * IYhe Army 1 2 3 4 8 9

34 l Which of the following statements do you agree with more? a/ 1. Citizens should pay for their own medical care and medicine. 2. The government should cover the costs of citizens' medical care and medicine.

3 l Can't choose. a DK 9: NA

b/ / 1. There should be no limits on the amount of money one is I able to earn. ,&y, (*A-' ‘c’ l,: 3 2 l It is necessary to place limits on the amount of money I i that i one can earn. i 3 0 Can't choose.

a l DK 9 0 NA

1 Instead of depending so much on the government, people should' learn to take care of themselves. 2. The government doesn't do enough to protect people from economic difficulties.

3 l Can't choose. . a 0 DK

9 l NA

d/ 1. The environment has to be cleaned up even if it means some loss in manufacturing jobs. 2 0 Cleaning up the environment has to take second place to industrial growth and the protection of jobs.

3 l Can't choose a DK 9: NA

35. (Country) has many problems to solve. Of the conflicts listed on this card, tell me, please, which do you consider very important, somewhat important, of little importance, or not at all important. (Show card # ) Very Somewhat Little Not at all DK NA IMPORTANT a. Between those with money and those without (or: _R-v between rich and poor). 1 2 3 4 8 9 ‘.. b. Between those citizens 4 ,who obey the law and delinquents. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Between those that speak (language) and n\ those that don't. 1 2 3 4 8 9 ,Gr, c c,'*4,';I .A. , d. Between those on the left and those on the right. 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. Between the young and the old. 1 2 3 4 8 9 f. Between those who follow the moral teachings of the church and those who do not. 1 2 3 4 8 9

g Between nationalists and the rest of the people o+f the country. 1 2 3 4 8 9

36. Now I/d like you to consider some kinds of action that the ;nlh. government and the authorities sometimes ‘take. For each one, I (2,4 would like you to tell me whether you approve strongly, approve, disaprove, or disapprove strongly. (Show card # )

1 l approve strongly

2 l approve 3. disapprove

4 l disapprove strongly

\ a. The police using force against demonstrators. 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. The courts giving severe sentences to protm-o& who disregard police.- - 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. The government passing a law to forbid all public protest demonstrations. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c 43

d. The government using troops to break strikes. 1 2 3 4 8 9

- , 37 Generally speaking, would you say that this country is run by a iew big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people. 1. All the people 2. A few big interests 8. DK 9. NA 38 How much do you trust the government in (country) to do what P-.,-W-5 , '(:is! is'right? Do you trust it just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, or almost never? 1. Just about always 2. Most of the time 3. Only some of the time 4. Almost never 8 DK 9: NA 39 DO you think that elections are the best way to choose a go;ernment and the authorities of the country or do you not think so?

1 Yes t they are the best way. 2: They are not t,he best way. 8. DK 9. NA

40 Looking at things from the point of view of utility do you think that in order for things to go well, we need a pailiament? Or are you among those who think that we can do without it? 1. We need a parliament. 2. We could do without it.

8 l DK 9 . NA

41. Did you vote in the last election?

1. Yes Which party (or: the candidate of which parw ’ did you vote for? (could be preceded) 5. No As you recall, why was it that you did not vote in the last election? 1. Too young . 2 Sick, Vouldn't get outll 7: Other (specifiy) 8. DK 9. NA 7. Refuse to answer 8. DK 9. NA

42. If we had elections next weekend would you vote for the same party? 1. Yes 2. No 8. DK 9. NA

43 . (if no) Which party would you vote for?

(could be preceded)

8 l DK

9 l NA

44 On the whole do you think it should or should not be the go;ernment% responsibility to.... /s-y--.3 L l .v( . 1 l Definitely should be 2 Probably should be 3: Probably should not be 4. Definitely should not be

8 l DK

9 l NA

1 Provide a job for everyone who w;lnts one. 1 2 3 4 8 9

2 l Provide health care for the sick. 1 2 3 4 8 9 3 Provide a decent standard of living f& the old. 1 2 3 4 8 9 4 Provide a decent standard of living f& the unemployed. 1 2 3 4 8 9 5. Reduce income differences between the rich and poor. 1 2 3 4 8 9

45 If the government had to choose between keeping down inilation or keeping down unemployment to which do you think it should give highest priority?

1. keeping inflation down _- 2. keeping unemployment down

46/a. If the government made a decision which violated people's interests, 1. could you do something am it, 2. couldn't you do something a&rut it

3 l other -5 8 DK 9: NA

46/b. (If yes) Pfmse tell me, what would you do7.

47/a. If your local council made a decision which violated Q-x*' ‘11 \ l T people's interests, L *‘I

1 0 could you do something about it 2 0 couldn't you do something about it

3 l other 8 a DK 9 . NA

47/b. (If yes) phase tell me, what would you do7.

8 DK 9: NA 48 0 Do you think that if you had lived in a western country l.yoyr+ToCtd~*o=n~r~

2 l it would have be&n the same --

3 l it would have been worse 8 DK 9: NA

49. Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. 1 . agree

2 l disagree N. r. ,?L,LL;'). , 3 .V--d',' .*. 9 8 l DK 9 l NA

1. Our country needs a kind of development typical of the western countries. 1 2 8 9

2 l Democracy will never be consolidated in our country. 1 2 8 9

3 l We have got the same kind of democracy here as in Western-European countries. 1 2 8 9

4 l Democracy in (country) will be consolidated in a difficult process. 1 2 8 9 5. You can't say that democracy has already . been accomplished in (country). _ 1 2 8 9 i.21:I ,.A 50. Do you think that in democracy the problems of our country 1. will be solved. 2. will be getting more and more serious. 3. will remain the same. 8. DK 9. NA

51. How do you judge the political situation of the country? 1. Very good. 2. Quite good. 3 so-so. 4: Rather bad. 5. Very bad, 8. DK 9. NA

52 How do you think the political situation of (country) will change next year? 1 . It will improve.

2 l It will remain the same. 3 0 It will get worse. 8. DK 9 0 NA

53 Taking everything into account, how contenti are you with -I:-,:,fl re4;' ' thi present state of democracy in (country)? T 1. Totally. 2. To a certain point. 3. Little. 4 s Not at all. a DK 9: NA

54 Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not: 1 . agree

2 l disagree

a/ We need political partiesif we want . . ~democratic development. . 1 2 a 9 b/ I can't see any difference between the existing parties. . 1 2 a 9 c/ Parties provide opportunity to participate in political activities. 1 2 a 9 d/ Parties only serve their leaders' interests. 1 2 a '9

55 If you had a chance to choose which country you could live in; would you choose (country)? 1 l Definitely. 2 . Probably yes.

3 l Probably no.

4 l By no means/absolutely not. 8 DK 9: NA

56. Taking everything into account, since the end of the era (Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu, etc.; the last &&&things have been getting on

1. better than I expected.

2 l worse than I expected.

3 l as I expected.

4 l some things better, some things worse.

8 l DK

9 l NA

57 0 There is considerable argument concerning the ownership of companies. What do you think the right solution would be?

1. Companies should be given back to the original owners. 2 They should be sold to those who offer most, even if the buyers' are foreigners. * 3 l The companies should go into the workers' proprietorship

4 l They should remain state property.

8 l DK

9 l NA

.- r /I . . o %3 L 41 58. According to your opinion, what should we do in (country) with the ownership of agricultural lands?

1. The land should be returned to those who owned it before collectivization.

2 l The land should be sold to the highest bidder.

3 l It should be kept in its present form in the hand of the collective farms, 4 The collective farms should retain ownership and they should'be allowed to either sell or lease the land. Se The lands should be owned by the local communities/villages. 8 DK 9: NA

59 Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think 45

a/ of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b/ and of the socialist economy without private firms? (Show cards!)

1 0 chosen

2 l not chosen

Capitalist Socialist DK NA Economy Economy

1 0 Strike 1 2 1 2 8 9

2 l Freedom 1 2 1 2 8 9 4:3 TechnicalInequality 1 2 1 2 8 9 ,,c , Progress 8 9 ".;--6+g', ., 5. Wealth 1 2 1 2 8 9 7:6 PowerSelfishness 1 2 1 2 8 9 8 9

8 l Profit 1 2 1 2 8 9

9 l Justice 1 2 1 2 8 9 11:10 HumaneScarcity 1 2 1 2 8 9 8 9 12. Progress 1 2 1 2 8 9 13 0 Planning 1 2 1 2 8 9 14 0 Efficacy 1 2 1 2 8 9

15 l Repression 1 2 1 2 8 9 16 . Corruption 1 2 1 2 8 9

60 Please tell me whether you agree with the following stkements.

: - 1 . agree /i 2 L .I*L 2 * disagree a/The capitalist economy, based on free private initiative, is the best economic system for our country. 1 2 b/The capitalist economy, based on free provat initiative, will enable us to resolve the problems that we ...... (e.g. Hungarians) face. 1 2

61 0 There is a lot of debate about the way of management of industrial enterprises. Which of the following four opinions most resembles yours? Please select only one.

1 The owners of the enterprise should manage the enterprise or na;e the director of the enterprise. 2 The owners and the employees should participate together in the' naming of the management. 3 The property should be state-owned and the state should name the managers. 4 The property should be owned by the employees and the employees should name the managers.

Now I would like to ask you some questions about political parties and movements in (country).

62. Among the political parties and political movements in (country) is there any that you usually feel closer to?

1. Yes 2 . No a DK 9: NA

63a. (If yes) Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to? (Record exactly; do not prompt)

(should be pre-coded)

97 l Refused 98 DK 99: NA

63b. Would you say you feel very close, fairly close, or not very close to that party? 1. Very close. 2 Fairly close. 3: Not very close. 7. Refused a DK 9: NA

64 There may occur different situations in which people decide to'go on strike in the future. Please tell me in which case you would organize or join a strike:

I WOULD I WOULDN'T DK NA

1 a If a party I have a strong dislike for won the elections. 1 2 a 2 l If the governing party abuses its power and it is feared that democracy may be restricted. 1 2 8

3 0 If the government's economic measures lead to much lower living standards. 1 2 8

4 l If unemployment increases and masses of people are made redundant. 1 2 8

5 l If social benefits/allocations, provided equally for all people, are reduced. 1 2 8

65 Do you approve of a community using the following ways to -,q.:* fy.$J .*I. 4.'?q' protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? 1. Approve strongly 2 0 Approve 3 0 Disapprove 4 a Disapprove strongly

8 l DK 9 . NA

1. Petition (collecting signatures) 1 2 3 4 8- - 2 0 Boycotts 1 2 3 4 8-

3 0 Lawful demonstration 1 2 3 4 8 \ _ 3:'ry Threatening to go on strike 1 2 3 4 8 -- ?L

(7.4 .-1Wildcat,1_I __.__ . .--.-;- ~.strike 1 2 3 4 8 6. Occupying buildings/factories 1 2 3 4 8

66. Which do you think would be better for our country?

1. One-party system 2. Multi-party system 8 DK 9: NA

67 Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not:

AGREE DISAGREE DK NA 1. As long as things are getting on well I'm not really interested in who is in power. 1 2 8 9

2 l Politicians are glad if people *cI don't interfere in their matters. 1 2 8 9

3 m Now in (country) everybody can have a say in the matters of the country. 1 2 8 9 _m 4. It's always better not to get involved in politics because sooner or later you'll get your fingers burned. 1 2 8 9

5. You'd better not trust politicians. 1 2 8 9 - 6. Politicians do their best to seek the views of the people. 1 2 8 9 -

7 l Ordinary people are always excluded from power. 1 2 8 9 -

8 l These days only those who want to make their fortune get involved in politics. 1 2 8 9

9 l Only when there's trouble are politicians interested in the views of the people. 1 2 8 9

3.L l It's a patriotic duty to participate in political activities. 1 2 8 9

68 I'm interested in which of the following personalities you trust and to what degree you accept their statements. (To the interviewer: Shuffle the cards with the names under the respondant's nose and see that he/she cannot have a look at the questionnaire).

1 l totally

2 l to a certain point

3 l little

4 l not at all

8. DK 9m NA

1. George Bush 1 2 3 4 8 9 2 l l eeeoeee*ee (The Prime Minister of the country) 1 2 3 4 a 9 3. Mikhail Gorbachev - 1 2 3 4 a 9

4 l l ee*eeo*e*e (The president of the country) 1 2 3 4 a 9 5. John Paul II 1 2 3 4 a 9

6 l l eeeeeee (The leader of the largest party in opposition) 1 2 3 4 a 9

7 l Francois Mitterand 1 2 3 4 a 9

8e l eeeeee l (The leader of the C& e~~<,~,"-;'?f second-largest party in opposition) 1 2 3 4 8 9 9e Helmut Kohl 1 2 3 4 a 9

10 l l eeoee (a leading TV personality) 1 2 3 4 a 9

11. Margaret Thatcher I 1 2 3 4 a 9

69 There are divergent views # who will take advantage of the regime-change and who will be*dissatisfied with the changes. Do you think that the following people will be rather more satisfied with the changes, or will they be dissatisfied? Satisfied Dissatisfied DK NA

4::., T le Workers ‘1 2 a L ..T‘ .'4

2 l Engineers 1 2 a 3e Artist, Writers 1 2 a 4e Scientists 1 2 8

5e Clerks 1 2 a 6e Agricultural Workers/Peasants 1 2 a 7. 1 2 a

8. Private Entrepreneurs 1 2 a

9 l Politicians 1 2 8 10. Army officers 1 2 a 11 l Policemen 1 2 a 12 0 Former Leaders of the Communist I Party 1 2 a

70. Now I would like to ask you to rank the following countries according to the following three criteria: 1. Where do people live better; 2. Where is political and legal equality greater; and 3. Where do people have greater influence in shaping public policy? (Interviewer: Rankings are from 1 (best) to 7 (worst). If necessary, use cards as well.) 1. Where do 2. Where is 3. Where do people people live equality have greater better? greater? influence on * publip policy? -I- u. Bulgaria - 1c Romania 1 Hungary Austria Soviet Union 7. vt!;,j Poland Czechoslovakia

71 0 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Agree Disagree DK NA 1. The activities of the Communist party should be prohibited in this country. 1 2 2 The situation is so bad that one cannot even allow the children to go out and play in the playground. a 3 If someone defames your honor you must always seek revenge. 8 4 A few strong-handed leaders would be m&e useful to the state than the many democrats who are constantly holding meetings and consultations. 1 2 8 5. It is frequently better if people seek retributions themselves, rather than having to turn to the police. 1 2 8 6 I never ever hit another human being and I ai not going to do that in the future either. 1 2 8 7 The practice of democracy also includes the possibility for the Communist party to run in the elections and if it receives the required . I number of votes it should be representedL in ry%zJ.--2,1 the Parliament. 1 2 8

72 Please grade the following states according to the considerations listed below (1 is worst, 5 is best). A. To what extent,do you regard the citizens of these states 1 2 3 4 5 as uncultured or cultured? uncultured cultured B. To what extent do you regard their citizens as 1 2 3 4 5 enemies or friends? enemies friends C. To what extent do you think that the country is 1 2 3 4 5 moving toward democracy? no democratization fast at all democratizati

,c n a c ’ , \*v ! t &.. D. To what extent do you think that its citizens 1 2 3 4 5 are lazy or hard-working? lazy hard- working E. To what extent do you think that its citizens are 1 2 3 4 5 untrustworthy or trustworthy? untrustworthy trustworth

(Interviewer: Please, mark each box according to the scale of l-5, with 1 being the worst and 5 the best.)

A B C D E Bulgaria Romania Hungary Austria Soviet Union Poland Turkey Czechoslovakia

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 1. Sex of Interviewee

1 l male

2 l female

2 0 Year of Birth:

3 l What was your religion at birth: 1. Roman Catholic 2 . orthodox

3 l Calvinist 4 . Lutheran 5 . Jewish 6 other smaller sect 7: Was not baptized or had no religious affiliation

8 l DK

9 l NA

4. Of the following statements which do you think applies to you most closely:

1 0 I am religious and follow the teachings of the church. 2 . I am religious in my own way. 3 I cannot say if I am religious or not. 4: I am not religious and am not interested in such things. 5 I am not religious because the teachings of the churches are wiong.

6 l other (write it out)

8 0 DK 24

9. NA

5. Please list the type of schools you attended.

Type of School Grade Completed Degree (lf* any)

6. What is your p&at& of residence?

7. Were you born h'. this province? ,‘<.,d,.% c-“9 8 . Since which year have you lived in this neighborhood/village? 19

9. How would you say your relations with your neighbors are? (Interviewer: Read) 1. Very close (tight) 2 a I feel close to them. 3 I have little to do with them. . 4: I have nothing at all to do with them. 8 . DK

9 l NA

‘.:?a .*, 10. Are you getting paid for your work currently? c,,*r$+& , : 1 Yes (including family members helping out) NO] because

2 l on child-care leave , 3 in retirement 4: invalid on widows' pension

5 l other inactive earner (lives from rental income or social contract) 6. works only at home on domestic chores

7 l student 8 other support (social assistance, supported only by child&n, first-time job seeker, etc.) 88 DK 99: NA

11. Currently 1 (poorest) ------1.------10 (richest)

16. How much of your monthly income are you able to save each month?

1. Below 5% 2 0 540% 3 a lo-25% 4 25050% 5: Above 50% 8 DK 9: NA

a.,<-P’;*, \ c.J&.’.- .c 17. To which social class would you say that you belong? 1, upper

2 l upper-middle

3 l lower-middle

4 l working class 8 DK 9: NA

18. And to which social class would you say your parents belong or belonged? 1. upper 2 upper-middle 3: lower-middle 4 0 working class 8. DK 9 0 NA

19 . Is there anybody in your family who owns or is a part-owner of a private enterprise or business? 1. YES; if yes, what is that person's relationship to you? 2 . NO -8 DK 9: NA

20. Do you or does someone in your family produce agricultural goods outside of your own job? 1. only to feed the family 2 sometimes sold for money 3: regularly sold for extra income -

1. working full time 2. working part time 3. does not work at all

8 DK 9: NA

12. Are (if in pension: were) you 1. an employee of the state or a state enterprise 2. a member of a cooperative or collective farm 3 independently employed 4: working as a family member helping out the majorincome earner

8. DK 9. NA

13 . What is (if in pension: was) your occupation? I # rx

88. Jx 99.. ‘NA

Interviewer: Write down P dtly what the interviewee's job is (was) I what is (was) his rank (position) and what work does (did) he actually do?

88 99: =NA

14, Based on your own estimation, your monthly income is: 1. more than the average 2 . average

3 l below average

8 DK 9: NA

15 Based on your own estimation, where would you place youself on 'the following monthly income scale: 8. DK 9. NA

21. If for some reason you lost your job how easy would it be to find another suitable replacement?

1. very easy 2 . easy 3 a. little difficult 4: very difficult

5 l I don't think that I could find a suitable replacement

8 DK 9: NA

22. Do you work overtime, or outside of your regular fob to supplement your income? 1. yes

2 l no 8. DK 9. NA

23. (if yes) How often?

1 l several times a week

2 l once or twice per week

3 l several times a month 4 0 once or twice per month

24. What is the maximum possible amount you could earn in one month from all of you extra work?

1 less than half of my rgulax salary from my official workplace 2 about a half of my salary 3: more than half of my salary 4 about the same as my monthly salary 5: more than my monthly salary

8. DK 9. NA

I 25. On the average how many hours per week do you work overtime? hours per week /

Consolidation of Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (Second Wave of the Post-Communist Publics Study)

Core Questionnaire; August 1997

Contact Persons:

Hans-Dieter Klingemann János Simon Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin Institute for Political Science für Sozialforschung (WZB) of the Hungarian Academy of Sci- Reichpietschufer 50 ences D-10785 Berlin Benczúr u. 33 E-Mai: [email protected] H-1068 Budapest Fax: ++49 30 25491345 E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: ++49 30 25491 320/321 Fax: ++36 1 3221843 Tel.: ++36 1 3228658 1

1. Some people do quite a lot in politics while others find they haven't the time or perhaps the interest to participate in political activities. I'll read to you briefly some of the things that people do and I would like you to tell me how often you do each of them. The first is: "How often do you read about politics in the newspaper?" (Show card #__)

Some- Sel- Often times dom Never DK NA a. How often do you read about politics in the newspaper? 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Discuss politics with other people 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Try to convince friends to vote the same as you 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. Work with other people in this community to try to solve some local problem 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. Attend a political meeting or rally 1 2 3 4 8 9 f. Contact public officials or politicians 1 2 3 4 8 9 g. Spend time working for a political party or candidate 1 2 3 4 8 9

2. There is considerable argument concerning the meaning of democracy. What is your opinion about this question? What is for you the meaning of democracy?

Record exactly:

______

Additionally, code the first answer according to the following scheme (use only the numbered categories):

01 - Freedom (basic rights) (e.g. freedom, free life; freedom of speech, of criticism; expressing opinions without fear or reprisal; freedom of the press, openness; freedom of activity; everybody can do what he wants to do; freedom of entrepreneurship; freedom of religion and belief; moral freedom; independence of the country; to live without the Russian; Freedom of travel) 02 - Participation (e.g. indirect/direct participation; input in decisions; paying attention to opinions; people’s power, people’s government, people’s will; workers’ power, 2

paying attention to workers’ interests; they listen to opinions; they take opinions into account in decisions; paying attention to interests) 03 - Social and Economic Democracy (e.g. equality, just distribution of goods; general welfare, social security; higher wages, secure means of living; normal material circumstances, just wages; jobs, unemployment; eight hour work, eight hour rest; social pact, social partnership, price rises, misery, poverty; improving the economic situation, better maintenance) 04 - Parties, elections (e.g. political pluralism; multi-party system, competitive parties; free elections, elected government; franchise, possibility to stand for elections; parliamentary government with elected representatives; leaders elected from below; replaceable, recallable politicians; secret and multi-candidate elections; no electoral duty) 05 - Legal-institutional democracy (e.g. constitutional state (Rechtsstaat), legal protection; respecting human rights; protection of workers’ rights; ensemble of rights and duties; equality before the law; equality of rights; protection of minorities and ethnic groups, racial equality; respect of the law; right to strike, right to demonstrate) 06 - Values (e.g. community life; tolerance, agreement, dialogue; peace, tranquillity, progress; life without fear; progress, development, transition; better understanding of another; respectful attitude; work discipline) 07 - Emotions, attitudes e.g. Good, better, bad, worse; pretty word, empty speech; nothing, the big zero, complete failure; lots of promises, what we want; joy, sorrow and melancholy; desire, utopia, disillusion) 08 - Other (Use only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes) (e.g. America, Switzerland, Austria; communist period, capitalist period; end of communists, the capitalists are coming; dictatorship of the elite; the past, the present, the future; a story, I would be right sometimes too, not just my wife)

98 - DK 99 - NA

3. Do you believe that democracy is the best form of government or is there another form of government which is better?

1 - Democracy is the best form of government 2 - There is another form of government which is better 3 - Undecided (Do not read out) 3

8 - DK 9 - NA

4. Do you believe that the democracy that we have in ______(country e.g. Hungary) is the best form of government or is there another form of government which is better?

1 - The democracy that we have in ______(country) is the best form of government 2 - There is another form of government which is better 3 - Undecided (Do not read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA

5. How much respect is there for individual human rights nowadays in ______(country)? Do you feel there is ... (Read out)?

1 - A lot of respect for individual human rights 2 - Some respect 3 - Not much respect 4 - No respect at all

8 - DK 9 - NA

6. Which of these two statements comes closest to your own opinion? A. I find that both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider personal freedom more important, that is, everyone can live in freedom and develop without hinderance. B. Certainly both freedom and equality are important. But if I were to choose one or the other, I would consider equality more important, that is, that nobody is underprivileged and that social class differences are not so strong. (Show card #__)

1 - Agree with statement A 2 - Agree with statement B 3 - Neither (Do not read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA

7. Many people think of political attitudes as being on the "left" or the "right". This is a scale stretching from the "left" to the "right". When you think of your own political attitudes, where would you put yourself? Please mark the scale in the box "X". (Show card #__); (The scale presented to the respondent should not contain any numbers.)

left right 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

98 - DK 99 - NA

8. What do you mean by "left" in politics?

Record exactly:

______

Aditionally, code the first answer according to the following scheme (use only the numbered categories):

11 - Values: general values (e.g. freedom, equality, equity, social justice) 12 - Values: attitudes and traits (e.g. humanist, honest, reliable; egoist, aggressive, not prepared to compromise; critical, moderate) 13 - Values: social change values (e.g. radical, traditionalist, progressive; reactionary) 20 - Ideologies and ideas (e.g. communist, marxist, socialist, conservative, christian, liberal, fascist, nationalist, chauvinist, ideas in general, other ideas or ideologies) 31 - Relation to the power: forms of government (e.g. democracy, democratic, dictatorship, dictatorial, authoritarian, non- democratic) 32 - Relation to the power: relation to the government (e.g. government, support for government; opposition, support for opposition) 33 - Relation to the power: regimes, systems 5

(e.g. actual regime; previous communist regime, old regime; capitalist system, communist system) 40 - Parties (e.g. liberal parties, socialist parties; conservative parties, other specific parties; governing parties, opposition parties) 50 - Economy (e.g. state property; (private) property; market, money, entrepreneurs) 60 - Representation of interests (e.g. individual, minorities, workers; the people, the community, the nation; the poor, the rich, capitalist; other specific groups) 70 - International relations (e.g. West, East; Moscow, Washington; imperialism, others) 80 - General evaluation (e.g. good, better; bad, worse; negative evaluation; positive evaluation) 90 - Others (Use only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes)

98 - DK 99 - NA

9. What do you mean by "right" in politics?

Record exactly:

______

Aditionally, code the first answer according to the following scheme (use only the numbered categories):

31 - Relation to the power: forms of government (e.g. democracy, democratic, dictatorship, dictatorial, authoritarian, non- democratic) 32 - Relation to the power: relation to the government (e.g. government, support for government; opposition, support for opposition) 33 - Relation to the power: regimes, systems (e.g. actual regime; previous communist regime, old regime; capitalist system, communist system) 40 - Parties (e.g. liberal parties, socialist parties; conservative parties, other specific parties; governing parties, opposition parties) 50 - Economy (e.g. state property; (private) property; market, money, entrepreneurs) 60 - Representation of interests (e.g. individual, minorities, workers; the people, the community, the nation; the poor, the rich, capitalist; other specific groups) 70 - International relations (e.g. West, East; Moscow, Washington; imperialism, others) 80 - General evaluation (e.g. good, better; bad, worse; negative evaluation; positive evaluation) 90 - Others (Use only if it is definitely impossible to code the answer according to the previous codes)

98 - DK 99 - NA

10. Now I am going to read off a list of organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are a member or not?

Yes No NA a. Free time association, club 1 2 9 b. Any local association 1 2 9 c. Political party (If yes, ask which party)_ _ _ _._ _ 1 2 9 d. Social (Political) movement (If yes, ask which movement)______1 2 9 e. Ecological group 1 2 9 f. Professional associations (of lawyers, teachers, 7

doctors, etc.) 1 2 9 g. Sports club 1 2 9 h. Trade union (If yes, ask which union)______1 2 9 i. Student association 1 2 9 j. Parish religious organizations 1 2 9 k.Others 1 2 9

11. People associate democracy with diverse meanings such as those on this card. For each of them, please tell me whether, for you, it has a lot, something, not much, or, nothing to do with democracy. (Show card #__)

Some- Not A lot thing much Nothing to do with democracy DK NA a. Political liberties e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of association 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Greater social equality 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. That many political and administrative decisions can be made at local and regional levels 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. Less corruption and less selling of influence 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. Freedom in moral and sexual matters 1 2 3 4 8 9 f. That judges provide equal justice before the law 1 2 3 4 8 9 g. That the government controls banks and large private enterprises 1 2 3 4 8 9 h. Equal rights for women 1 2 3 4 8 9 i. More jobs, less unemployment 1 2 3 4 8 9 j. That economic conditions improve 1 2 3 4 8 9 k. Multi-party system 1 2 3 4 8 9 l. Citizen's right to participate 1 2 3 4 8 9 8

12.Are you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the way in which democracy is working in ______(country e.g. Hungary) today? (Use this scale on card #__)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Completely Completely dissatisfied satisfied

98 - DK 99 - NA

13. Please tell me for each of the following statements, whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree or disagree strongly. (Show card #__)

Dis- Agree Dis- agree strongl Agree agree strongl DK NA y y a. Society shouldn't have to put up with political views that are fundamentally different from the views of the majority. 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Because demonstrations frequently become disorderly and disruptive, radical and extremist political groups shouldn't be allowed to demonstrate. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Free speech is just not worth if it means that we have to put up with the danger to society of extremist political views. 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. It is better to live in an orderly society than to allow people so much freedom that they can become disruptive. 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. People who don't like the way of life in our country should not have a chance to talk and to be heard. 1 2 3 4 8 9 9

f. The idea that everyone has a right to his own opinion, is being carried too far these days. 1 2 3 4 8 9 g. Foreigners who dislike our government and criticize it should not be allowed to stay here. 1 2 3 4 8 9

Now I would like to ask you some questions about economic conditions.

14. Do you personally feel that the creation of a free market economy, that is one largely free from state control, is right or wrong for ______(country's e.g. Hun- gary's) future?

1 - Right 2 - Wrong

8 - DK 9 - NA

15. Are you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the way in which the free market economy is working in ______(country) today? (Use scale on card #__)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Completely Completely dissatisfied satisfied

98 - DK 99 - NA

16. Considering your personal economic situation during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that your personal economic situation has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

1 - Improved 2 - The same 3 - Gotten worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

17. And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year your personal economic situation will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

1 - Will improve 2 - The same 3 - Get worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

18. In comparison with the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say that your personal economic situation has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

1 - Improved 2 - The same 3 - Gotten worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

19. Considering the situation of ______(country) during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that the economic situation of the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

1 - Improved 2 - The same 3 - Gotten worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

20. And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year the economic situation of the country will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

1 - Will improve 2 - The same 3 - Get worse

8 - DK 9 - NA 11

21. In comparison with the last five years of ______(the state- socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say that the economic situation of the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

1 - Improved 2 - The same 3 - Gotten worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

22. During the time that the present government has been in power, would you say, for example, that the condition of the working class (of the workers) has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as before? (Show card #__)

And the peasantry?

And the middle classes?

And the entrepreneurs?

More or less the Gotten Improved same worse DK NA a. The working class 1 2 3 8 9 b. The peasantry 1 2 3 8 9 c. The middle classes 1 2 3 8 9 d. The entrepreneurs 1 2 3 8 9

23. And in comparison with the situation during the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say, for example, that the condition of the working class today has improved, gotten worse, or has continued being more or less the same as it was then? (Show card #__)

And the peasantry? 12

And the middle classes?

And the entrepreneurs?

More or less the Gotten Improved same worse DK NA a. The working class 1 2 3 8 9 b. The peasantry 1 2 3 8 9 c. The middle classes 1 2 3 8 9 d. The entrepreneurs 1 2 3 8 9

24.Would you say that during the period that the present government has been in power corruption and selling of influence have increased, have remained the same, or have declined?

1 - Increased 2 - Remained the same 3 - Declined

8 - DK 9 - NA

25. Considering the situation of ______(country) during the period that the present government has been in power, would you say that public safety in the country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

1 - Improved 2 - The same 3 - Gotten worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

26. And regarding the future, do you expect that in the next year public safety in the country will improve, get worse, or remain the same?

1 - Will improve 2 - The same 13

3 - Get worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

27. In comparison with the last five years of ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.), would you say that public safety in your country has improved, gotten worse, or remained the same?

1 - Improved 2 - The same 3 - Gotten worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

28. Considering the money people earn from their work, do you think that ...? (Read the alternatives)

1 - There should be large differences 2 - There should be some differences 3 - There should be practically no differences

8 - DK 9 - NA

29. Compared with the life your parents lived at your age, do you think you are, financially speaking, doing better, the same, or worse?

1 - Better 2 - Same 3 - Worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

30. Compared with most of the people in your neighborhood, do you think that you are, financially speaking, doing better, the same, or worse?

1 - Better 2 - Same 14

3 - Worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

31.In general, do you think that in ______(country) things are changing too fast, at the right speed, or too slowly?

1 - Too fast 2 - Right speed 3 - Too slowly

8 - DK 9 - NA

32.Taking everything into account, in general, are you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the present government? (Show card #__)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Completely Completely dissatisfied satisfied

98 - DK 99 - NA

33.Taking everything into account, in general, were you completely satisfied or completely dissatisfied with the ______(the state-socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.)? (Show card #__)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Completely Completely dissatisfied satisfied

98 - DK 99 - NA

34. Do you consider ______(employ "Socialism" or "Communism" depending on the national usage of the terms) to be a good idea that was badly carried out? 15

1 - Yes 2 - No 3 - Undecided (Do not read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA

35. Please tell me in what way - by a democratically elected government or a non- democratic one - the following problems could be solved better.

Non- The problem of ... Democratic democratic DK NA a. Education 1 2 8 9 b. The economy 1 2 8 9 c. Poverty 1 2 8 9 d. Black market 1 2 8 9 e. Inflation 1 2 8 9 f. Unemployment 1 2 8 9 g. Public security 1 2 8 9 h. Possibility of citizen's participation 1 2 8 9 i. Corruption 1 2 8 9 j. Public health 1 2 8 9 k. Representation of interests 1 2 8 9 l. Crime 1 2 8 9

36. How proud are you to be ______(country’s citizenship e.g. in Estonia: Esto- nian or if non-understandable for minorities an Estonian citizen; comment: the intention is to include minorities in this question)? (Show card #__)

1 - Very proud 2 - Quite proud 3 - Not very proud 4 - Not at all proud

5 - (If volunteered) I am no ______(e.g. Estonian citizen) 16

8 - DK 9 - NA

36a.(If "I am no ______(e.g. Estonian citizen)") How proud are you to live in ______(e.g. Estonia)?

1 - Very proud 2 - Quite proud 3 - Not very proud 4 - Not at all proud

8 - DK 9 - NA

37.Tell me if you are completely in agreement, partially in agreement, partially in disagreement, or completely in disagreement with the following statements: (Show card #__)

Com- Com- pletely Partially Partially pletely in agreement in disagreement DK NA a. The best thing for a woman to do is to take care of the house. 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Homosexuals are people who should be accepted like anybody else. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Abortions should be available to all women who want them. 1 2 3 4 8 9

38. In order to get ahead, people need to have confidence and to feel that they can trust themselves and others. To what degree do you think that you trust the following totally, to a certain point, little, or not at all? (Show card #__)

To a certain Not at Totally point Little all DK NA a. Family and relatives 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. National government 1 2 3 4 8 9 17

c. Church and clergy 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. Neighbors 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. People of your language 1 2 3 4 8 9 f. TV, newspapers, radio 1 2 3 4 8 9 g. Trade unions 1 2 3 4 8 9 h. God 1 2 3 4 8 9 i. Oneself 1 2 3 4 8 9 j. Work companions 1 2 3 4 8 9 k. Political parties 1 2 3 4 8 9 l. Employers 1 2 3 4 8 9 m. The police 1 2 3 4 8 9 n. The ______(The leading party in the governing coalition, or the governing party) 1 2 3 4 8 9 o. The ______(The biggest oppositional party) 1 2 3 4 8 9 p. The Parliament 1 2 3 4 8 9 q. The Army 1 2 3 4 8 9

39. Which of the following statements do you agree with more? a. 1 - Citizens should pay for their own medical care and medicine. 2 - The government should cover the costs of citizens' medical care and medicine. 3 - Can't choose. (Don't read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA b. 1 - There should be no limits on the amount of money one is able to earn. 2 - It is necessary to place limits on the amount of money that one can earn. 3 - Can't choose. (Don't read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA c. 1 - Instead of depending so much on the government, people should learn to take care of themselves. 2 - The government doesn't do enough to protect people from economic difficulties. 3 - Can't choose. (Don't read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA d. 1 - The environment has to be cleaned up even if it means some loss in manufacturing jobs. 2 - Cleaning up the environment has to take second place to industrial growth and the protection of jobs. 3 - Can't choose. (Don't read out)

8 - DK 9 - NA

40.______(Country) has many problems to solve. Of the conflicts listed on this card, tell me, please, which do you consider very important, somewhat important, of little importance, or not at all important. (Show card #__)

Some Not at Very -what Little all I M P O R T A N T DK NA a. Between those with money and those 19

without (or: between rich and poor). 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Between those citizens who obey the law and delinquents. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Between those that speak ______(official language e.g. German) and those that don't. 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. Between those on the left and those on the right. 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. Between the young and the old. 1 2 3 4 8 9 f. Between those who follow the moral teachings of the church and those who do not. 1 2 3 4 8 9 g. Between nationalists and the rest of the people of the country. 1 2 3 4 8 9

41.Now I'd like you to consider some kinds of action that the government and the authorities sometimes take. For each one, I would like you to tell me whether you approve strongly, approve, disapprove, or disapprove strongly. (Show card #__)

Disap- Approve Disap- prove strongly Approve prove strongly DK NA a. The police using force against demonstrators. 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. The courts giving severe sentences to protestors who disregard police. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. The government passing a law to forbid all public protest demonstrations. 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. The government using troops to break strikes. 1 2 3 4 8 9

42. Generally speaking, would you say that this country is run by a few big interests looking out for themselves or that it is run for the benefit of all the people.

1 - All the people 2 - A few big interests 20

8 - DK 9 - NA

43. How much do you trust the government in ______(country) to do what is right? Do you trust it just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, or almost never?

1 - Just about always 2 - Most of the time 3 - Only some of the time 4 - Almost never

8 - DK 9 - NA

44. Do you think that elections are the best way to choose a government and the authorities of the country or do you not think so?

1 - Yes, they are the best way 2 - No, they are not the best way

8 - DK 9 - NA

45. Looking at things from the point of view of utility, do you think that in order for things to go well, we need a parliament? Or are you among those who think that we can do without it?

1 - We need a parliament 2 - We could do without it

8 - DK 9 - NA

46a.Did you vote in the last parliamentary election in 19__?

1 - Yes 2 - No

7 - Refused 21

8 - DK 9 - NA

46b.(If not voted) Was this because you had no right to vote?

1 - Yes 2 - No

8 - DK 9 - NA

46c.(If voted) And which party did you vote for?

Precoded party list

97 - Refused 98 - DK 99 - NA

47.If we had parliamentary elections next weekend which party would you vote for?

Precoded party list

97 - Refused 98 - DK 99 - NA

48.On the whole do you think it should or should not be the government's responsibility to... (Show card #__)

Defini- Pro- Pro- Defini- tely bably bably tely should should should should be be not be not be DK NA a. Provide a job for everyone who wants one. 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Provide health care for the sick. 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Provide a decent standard of living for the old. 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. Provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed. 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. Reduce income differences be- 23

tween the rich and poor. 1 2 3 4 8 9

49. If the government had to choose between keeping down inflation or keeping down unemployment, which of these two goals should, in your opinion, be given the highest priority?

1 - Keeping inflation down 2 - Keeping unemployment down

8 - DK 9 - NA

50a.If the government made a decision which violated people's interests, ... (Read out)

1 - Could you do something about it 2 - Couldn't you do something about it 3 - Other

8 - DK 9 - NA

50b.If your local council made a decision which violated people's interests, ... (Read out)

1 - Could you do something about it 2 - Couldn't you do something about it 3 - Other

8 - DK 9 - NA

51.Do you think that if you had lived in a western country ... (Read out)

1 - You would have got on better 2 - It would have been the same it would have been worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

52.Please tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. 24

Dis- Agree agree DK NA a. Our country needs a kind of development typical of the western countries. 1 2 8 9 b. Democracy will never be consolidated in our country. 1 2 8 9 c. We have got the same kind of democracy here as in Western European countries. 1 2 8 9 d. Democracy in ______(country) will be consolidated in a difficult process. 1 2 8 9 e. You can't say that democracy has already been accomplished in ______(country). 1 2 8 9

53.Do you think that in democracy the problems of our country ... (Read out)

1 - Will be solved 2 - Will be getting more and more serious 3 - Will remain the same

8 - DK 9 - NA

54.How do you judge the political situation of the country? ... (Read out)

1 - Very good 2 - Quite good 3 - So-so 4 - Rather bad 5 - Very bad

8 - DK 9 - NA

55.How do you think the political situation of ______(country) will change next year? (Read out)

1 - It will improve 2 - It will remain the same 3 - It will get worse 25

8 - DK 9 - NA

56. Taking everything into account, how contented are you with the present state of democracy in ______(country)? (Show card #__)

1 - Totally 2 - To a certain point 3 - Little 4 - Not at all

8 - DK 9 - NA

57.Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Dis- Agree agree DK NA a. We need political parties if we want democratic development. 1 2 8 9 b. I can't see any difference between the existing par- 1 2 8 9 ties. c. Parties provide opportunity to participate in political activities. 1 2 8 9 d. Parties only serve their leaders' interests. 1 2 8 9

58.If you had a chance to choose which country you could live in, would you choose ______(country e.g. Hungary)? (Show card #__)

1 - Definitely 2 - Probably yes 3 - Probably no 4 - By no means/absolutely not

8 - DK 9 - NA

59.Taking everything into account, since the end of the ______(state- socialist/communist regime: Gorbachev, or Kadar, or Zsivkov, or Ceaucescu etc.) things have been getting on ... (Read out)

1 - Better than I expected 2 - Worse than I expected 3 - As I expected 4 - Some things better, some things worse

8 - DK 9 - NA

60.Please tell me which of the words in this list describe best what you think a.of the capitalist free enterprise economy? b.and of the socialist economy without private firms? (Show cards #__)

1 - Chosen 2 - Not chosen

8 - DK 9 - NA

Capitalist Socialist economy DK NA economy DK NA a.Strike 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 b.Freedom 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 c.Inequality 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 d.Technical Progress 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 e.Wealth 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 f.Selfishness 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 g.Power 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 h.Profit 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 i.Justice 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 j.Scarcity 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 k.Humane 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 27

l.Progress 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 m.Planning 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 n.Efficacy 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 o.Repression 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9 p.Corruption 1 2 8 9 1 2 8 9

61. Please tell me whether you agree are disagree with the following statements:

Dis- Agree agree DK NA a. The capitalist economy, based on free private initiative, is the best economic system for our country. 1 2 8 9 b. The capitalist economy, based on free private initiative, will enable us to resolve the problems that we ______(e.g. Hungarians) face. 1 2 8 9

62. There is a lot of debate about the way of management of industrial enterprises. Which of the following four opinions most resembles yours? Please select only one. (Show card #__)

1 - The owners of the enterprise should manage the enterprise or name the director of the enterprise. 2 - The owners and the employees should participate together in the naming of the management. 3 - The property should be state-owned and the state should name the managers. 4 - The property should be owned by the employees and the employees should name the managers.

8 - DK 9 - NA

Now I would like to ask you some questions about political parties and movements in ______(country).

63a.Among the political parties and political movements in ______(country) is there any that you usually feel closer to?

1 - Yes 2 - No

8 - DK 9 - NA

63b. (If yes) Which political party, or political movement, do you usually feel closest to?

Pre-coded party list

97 - Refused 98 - DK 99 - NA

64. Would you say you feel very close, fairly close, or not very close to that party? (Show card #__)

1 - Very close 2 - Fairly close 3 - Not very close

7 - Refused 8 - DK 9 - NA

65.Do you approve of a community using the following ways to protest or do you think that they are unacceptable? (Show card #__)

Disap- Approve Disap- prove strongly Approve prove strongly DK NA a. Petition (collecting signatures) 1 2 3 4 8 9 b. Boycotts 1 2 3 4 8 9 c. Lawful demonstration 1 2 3 4 8 9 d. Threatening to go on strike 1 2 3 4 8 9 e. Wildcat strike 1 2 3 4 8 9 f. Occupying buildings/ 29

factories 1 2 3 4 8 9

66.Which do you think would be better for our country?

1 - One-party system 2 - Multi-party system

8 - DK 9 - NA

67.Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Dis- Agree agree DK NA a. As long as things are getting on well I'm not really interested in who is in power. 1 2 8 9 b. Politicians are glad if people don't interfere in their matters. 1 2 8 9 c. Now in ______(country) everybody can have a say in the matters of the country. 1 2 8 9 d. It's always better not to get involved in politics because sooner or later you'll get your fingers 1 2 8 9 burned. e. You'd better not trust politicians. 1 2 8 9 f. Politicians do their best to seek the views of the people. 1 2 8 9 g. Ordinary people are always excluded from 1 2 8 9 power. h. These days only those who want to make their fortune get involved in politics. 1 2 8 9 i. Only when there's trouble are politicians interested in the views of the people. 1 2 8 9 j. It's a patriotic duty to participate in political activities. 1 2 8 9

68. There are divergent views of who will take advantage of the regime-change and who will be dissatisfied with the changes. Do you think that the following people will be rather more satisfied with the changes, or will they be dissatisfied?

Dissa- Satisfied tisfied DK NA a. Workers 1 2 8 9 b. Engineers 1 2 8 9 c. Artists, writers 1 2 8 9 d. Scientists 1 2 8 9 e. Clerks 1 2 8 9 f. Agricultural workers/peasants 1 2 8 9 g. Miners 1 2 8 9 h. Private entrepreneurs 1 2 8 9 i. Politicians 1 2 8 9 j. Army officers 1 2 8 9 k. Policemen 1 2 8 9 l. Former leaders of the Communist Party 1 2 8 9

69.Now I would like to ask you to rank the following countries according to the following three criteria: 1. Where do people live better; 2. Where is political and legal equality greater; and 3. Where do people have greater influence in shaping public policy? (Rankings are from 1 (best) to 9 (worst) (Use cards)

98 - DK 99 - NA

Where do people Where do people Where is equality have greater influ- live better? greater? ence on public policy? a. Bulgaria b. Romania c. Hungary d. Austria 31

e. Russia f. Poland g. Czech Republic h. Slovakia i. Eastern Germany

70. Please, put the items on this card into three groups according to their importance in life. In the first group please put the most important items, into the second the rather important ones and into the third group those, which are not important. (Show card#_)

very rather not NA How important is in life that: important a. Everybody can have a voice in public matters 1 2 3 9 b. All people can work 1 2 3 9 c. All people should be equal 1 2 3 9 d. All people should be well-off 1 2 3 9 e. People should not be exposed to the arbitrary will of authorities 1 2 3 9 f. There should be no big income dif ferences 1 2 3 9 g. The state should not interfere with people's private lives 1 2 3 9 h. People can live without worries 1 2 3 9 i. People can have rest and entertainment 1 2 3 9 j. People can freely establish organisations to carry through their interests 1 2 3 9 k. People can freely tell their opinions 1 2 3 9 l. People can learn and have access to culture 1 2 3 9 33

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

D1.Sex of Interviewee

1 - male 2 - female

D2.Year of Birth: 1_ _ _

999 - NA

D3.Are you married, single, widowed, married but living separately, or divorced?

1 - Married 2 - Single 3 - Widowed 4 - Married but living separately 5 - Divorced

9 - NA

D4.(For all except married) Are you living with a partner?

1 - Yes 2 - No

9 - NA

D5a.(If married/living with a partner) Does your husband/wife/companion work outside of the house?

1 - Yes 2 - No

8 - DK 9 - NA

D5b.(If yes) Is it full-time or part-time work or both? 34

1 - Full-time 2 - Part-time 3 - Both (full-time and part-time)

8 - DK 9 - NA

D6.What was your religion at birth? (Show card #__)

01 - Catholic 02 - Orthodox 03 - Calvinist 04 - Lutheran 05 - Jewish 06 - Muslim 07 - Other (Write it out) ______08 - Was not baptized or had no religious affiliation

98 - DK 99 - NA

D7.Of the following statements which do you think applies to you most closely: (Show card #__)

1 - I am religious and follow the teachings of the church. 2 - I am religious in my own way. 3 - I cannot say if I am religious or not. 4 - I am not religious and am not interested in such things. 5 - I am not religious because the teachings of the churches are wrong. 6 - Other (Write it out)______

8 - DK 9 - NA

D8.In what language did/do you and your mother communicate with each other? (If respondent unsure or more than one answer given ask:) What is the language that you primarily use within your family (Code only one)?

01 - Albanian 02 - Arabic 35

03 - Armenian 04 - Azerbaijani 05 - Belarussian 06 - Bosnian 07 - Bulgarian 08 - Croat 09 - Czech 10 - Estonian 11 - Finnish 12 - Georgian 13 - German 14 - Greek 15 - Gypsian 16 - Hungarian 17 - Jiddish 18 - Kazakh 19 - Latvian 20 - Lithuanian 21 - Macedonian 22 - Moldavian 23 - Montenegrian 24 - Moravian 25 - Polish 26 - Romanian 27 - Russian 28 - Serbian 29 - Slovak 30 - Slovenenian 31 - Tartar 32 - Turkish 33 - Ukrainian 34 - Uzbek

80 - Other: (Write it out): ______

97 - Refused 98 - DK 99 - NA

D9.How old were you when you finished your full-time education?

_ _ _ years

98 - DK 36

99 - NA

D10.What is the highest level of education that you have attained? Use functional equivalent of the following, in given society; (If student, code highest level he/she expects to complete):

01 - No formal education 02 - Incomplete primary school 03 - Complete primary school 04 - Incomplete secondary school: technical/vocational type 05 - Complete secondary school: technical/vocational type 06 - Incomplete secondary school: university-preparatory type 07 - Complete secondary: university-preparatory type 08 - Some university-level education, without degree 09 - University-level education, with degree

98 - DK 99 - NA

D11.Since which year have you lived in your present neighborhood/village?

19_ _

98 - DK 99 - NA

D12.How would you say are your relations with your neighbors? (Read out)

1 - I feel very close to them 2 - I feel close to them 3 - I have little to do with them 4 - I have nothing at all to do with them

8 - DK 9 - NA

D13a.Are you getting paid for your work currently?

1 - Yes (including family members helping out) 2 - No

8 - DK 9 - NA 38

D13b.(If no) Is it because you are ... (Show card #__)

1 - On child-care leave 2 - In retirement 3 - Invalid on widows' pension 4 - Other inactive earner (live from rental income or social contract) 5 - Work only at home on domestic chores 6 - Student 7 - Other support (social assistance, supported only by children, first-time job seeker, etc.)

8 - DK 9 - NA

D14.Are you currently ...

1 - Working full-time 2 - Working part-time 3 - Both (work full-time and part-time) 4 - Not working at all

8 - DK 9 - NA

D15.In what sector are you (if retired: were) you employed? If more than one job, code the main job. (Show card #__)

1 - Government (civil servant) 2 - State-owned enterprise (non-agriculture) 3 - Private sector (non-agriculture) owner/self-employed 4 - Private sector (non-agriculture) employee 5 - All agriculture (incl. fisherman) 6 - Other paid work

8 - DK 9 - NA

D16.What is (if retired: was) your occupation? If more than one job, code the main job. (Show card #__)

01 - Employer/manager of establishment with 10 or more employees 02 - Employer/manager of establishment with less than 10 employees 03 - Professionals/highly educated specialists: lawyer, accountant, teacher, etc. 04 - Non-manual office worker: supervisory 05 - Non-manual office worker: non-supervisory 06 - Foreman and supervisor 07 - Skilled manual worker 08 - Semi-skilled manual worker 09 - Unskilled manual worker 10 - Farmer: has own farm 11 - Agricultural worker 12 - Member of armed forces, security personnel 13 - Have never had a job

98 - DK 99 - NA

D17.Based on your own estimation, your personal monthly income is ... (Read out):

1 - More than the average 2 - Average 3 - Below average

8 - DK 9 - NA

D18.Based on your own estimation, where would you place yourself on the following monthly income scale: (Show card #__)

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Poorest Richest

98 - DK 99 - NA

D19.How much of your monthly income are you able to save each month? 40

1 - Nothing 2 - 1 to 4 percent 3 - 5 to 9 percent 4 - 10 to 24 percent 5 - 25 to 49 percent 6 - 50 percent and more

8 - DK 9 - NA

D20.To which social class would you say that you belong? (Show card #__)

1 - Upper class 2 - Upper-middle class 3 - Lower-middle class 4 - Working class 5 - Peasant class

8 - DK 9 - NA

D21.And to which social class would you say your parents belong or belonged? (Show card #__)

1 - Upper class 2 - Upper-middle class 3 - Lower-middle class 4 - Working class 5 - Peasant class

8 - DK 9 - NA

D22.Is there anybody in your family who owns or is a part-owner of a private enterprise or business?

1 - Yes 2 - No

8 - DK 41

9 - NA

D23.Do you or does someone in your family produce agricultural goods outside of your own job? (Show card #__)

1 - No 2 - Yes, only to feed the family 3 - Yes, sometimes sold for money 4 - Yes, regularly sold for extra income

8 - DK 9 - NA

D24.If for some reason you lost your job how easy would it be to find another suitable replacement? (Show card #__)

1 - Very easy 2 - Easy 3 - A little difficult 4 - Very difficult 5 - I don't think that I could find a suitable replacement

8 - DK 9 - NA

D25.Do you work overtime, or outside of your regular job to supplement your income?

1 - Yes 2 - No

8 - DK 9 - NA

D26.(If yes) How often? (Read out)

1 - Several times a week 2 - Once or twice per week 3 - Several times a month 42

4 - Once or twice per month

8 - DK 9 - NA

D27.What is the maximum possible amount you could personally earn in one month from all of your extra work? (Show card #__)

1 - Less than half of my regular salary from my official workplace 2 - About a half of my salary 3 - More than half of my salary 4 - About the same as my monthly salary 5 - More than my monthly salary

8 - DK 9 - NA

D28.What is the size of your community? (If respondent is not able to answer the question, the interviewer should answer the question.)

01 - Under 2,000 inhabitants 02 - Over 2,000 to 5,000 inhabitants 03 - Over 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants 04 - Over 10,000 to 20,000 inhabitants 05 - Over 20,000 to 50,000 inhabitants 06 - Over 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants 07 - Over 100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants 08 - Over 500,000 inhabitants

98 - DK 99 - NA