?1ie!Jv[arian Library --·· ~wsCetter Issue Number 53 (New Series) Winter 2007/2008 Lourdes Jubilee

One hundred and fifty years ago, in all, in the Grotto of Massabielle, in a small town in the Pyrenees moun­ near the town of Lourdes: that this tains of southeast France, the Blessed apparition possesses all the marks of Virgin Mary appeared to a fourteen­ truth, and that the faithful are justi­ year old peasant girl, Bernadette fied in believing it certain." Soubirous, in the grotto of An integral element of the Massabielle on the Garonne River. In Lourdes story is the witness and cour­ the course of that year, from Febru­ age of Bernadette who, despite ha­ ary until July, eighteen apparitions oc­ rassment by civil and church officials curred. and threats of imprisonment and in­ LOURDES Bernadette faithfully transmitted sane asylums, remained steadfast and the messages given: the need for unwavering in relaying the message prayer and penance (February 25) and she had received. At the same time, the request that a chapel be built and she resolutely rebuked those who pilgrimages be made (March 2). In re­ promoted her for personal fame. sponse to Bernadette's question, the Bernadette left Lourdes on July 4, Lourdes and the lady identified herself as the "Im­ 1866, never to return; she died at New Evangelization maculate Conception" (March 25). Nevers on April 16, 1879. Her hu­ Bishop Jacques Perrier of Lourdes Bernadette was told to dig into the mility and insistence on the integrity ground, and a fountain of water of the message which had been con­ Pope Paul VI first spoke about evan­ sprang up. "Go and wash in the veyed to her impressed the Catholic gelization and the need for the Church spring." She did so, others followed world, as did her transformation from itself to be continually evangelized. her, and miraculous cures were re­ an illiterate peasant girl into a woman How is evangelization related to ported. of extraordinary strength and reserve. Lourdes? Perhaps you might reply that The bishop of Lourdes, Msgr. Before dying, Bernadette said: "Ev­ evangelization means eliminating all the Laurence, appointed a canonical eryday since the apparitions, I go on "commercial interests" which surround commission to investigate the authen­ pilgrimage to the Grotto in my heart." Lourdes or that Lourdes should divest ticity of the accounts. This body first It is hard to underestimate the sig­ itself of the offerings which it receives interviewed Bernadette and was im­ nificance which Lourdes has had on to maintain the structures and the many pressed by her testimony and by a modern Catholicism. In 1854, Pope programs which take place at Lourdes. growing number of cures. In Janu­ Pius IX declared the Mary's Immacu­ However, the evangelization of which ary 1862, nearly. four years after the late Conception as a dogma of faith, I speak deals with the symbols and the apparitions, the bishop delivered his and the apparition four years later examples of religious faith and prac­ verdict on Lourdes: ''We judge that appeared to be a confirmation of the tice which you can see at Lourdes. the Immaculate Mary, Mother of pope's deed. Lourdes revived the Why is Lourdes so well known God, really appeared to Bernadette sense of pilgrimage within the Catho­ throughout the world? Because the Soubirous on February 11th, 1858, lic world. An extensive, well-orga- symbols and signs (water, rock, and and subsequent days, eighteen times See Evangelization, continued on page 3 S ee Jubilee, continued on page 2 1 Jubilee, continued from page 1 ''When you go the Grotto, that is where without burning the skin, which was nized program of national pilgrimages, you will find me in spirit, at the foot of symbolic of divine light. Each evening, made possible by the newly introduced the rock which I love so much" (20 July, thousands of lit candles form the pro­ railroad, brought thousands of handi­ 1866). cession of the Blessed Sacrament. The capped individuals to Lourdes, accom­ 2005: Pilgrims. Around 30,000 pil­ candle, the symbol of Christ, is given panied by an army of volunteers. The grims are present in Lourdes each day to each baptized person. miraculous cures at Lourdes, certified between April and October. Some The Jubilee 2008 will be charac­ by teams of medical experts, con­ 70,000 sick people are welcomed to terized by evangelical "missions"­ founded the "scientism" of an increas­ Lourdes each year. There are about major programs and pilgrimages at­ ingly secular world which ruled out any 3,000 volunteers a week, organized by tracting many diverse groups: the possibility of divine presence in the the Hospitaliers (who annually coordi­ Lourdes Volunteers and Associates; world. nate the activities of over 100,000 vol­ International Hospitaliers (December); Anticipating the 2008 unteers who cover their own expenses) the Handicapped and Disabled­ and Unitals (the Italian union for trans­ HCPT (March); Young People: Jubilee porting the sick to Lourdes). Recently, Fraternel (April); International Pil­ Bishop Perrier of Tarbes-Lourdes Lourdes has become a meeting place grimage-Orderof Malta (May); Ecu­ has indicated that the 2008 Jubilee will for refugees and displaced persons. menical Pilgrimage; Exiles and Refu­ be different from the past observances 2006: Light. During the apparition gees: Eucharistic Pilgrimage-Na­ and will focus on the future. The 1908 of April 7, 1858, Bernadette held a tional Pilgrimage of France (August); celebration had an apologetic tone, and lighted candle which touched her hand Interreligious Pilgrimage: TamiL e the 1958 celebration underscored the necessity of historical documentation and the dedication of the new under­ Past Jubilee Celebrations at Lourdes ground basilica of St. Pius X. While commemorating a won­ In 1908, the first fifty-year jubilee at tion of the popes with Lourdes. drous past event, Lourdes is part of Lourdes took place in a turbulent pe­ The hundredth-anniversary celebra­ the Church's mission of evangeliza­ riod in France. A few years earlier, the tion in 1958 was presided over by tion. Preparation for the 150th anni­ anticlerical government had expelled Bishop Pierre-Marie Theas who, with versary began several years ago with the religious who were teaching in others, was responsible for founding the year-long programs highlighting schools. But, much as the government international Catholic peace group Pax Lourdes' natural symbols: water, the might have wished to close Lourdes as Christi. In 1954, Bishop Theas asked rock and light; the sick who visit a remnant from an unenlightened era, Abbe Rene Laurentin to write the "au­ Lourdes and those who serve them, it was unable to do so because of eco­ thentic" history of Lourdes. Laurentin's and Lourdes' international character. nomic advantages which large-scale pil­ response was presented in seven-vol­ 2002: Water is a fundamental bibli­ grimage brought to the region. umes of documentation on Lourdes. cal and sacramental symbol, central to The 1908 jubilee was marked by Pope Pius XII had intended to visit the sacrament of Baptism. Bernadette many grandiloquent sermons and dis­ Lourdes, but was prevented because of was told "Go drink at the spring and courses ("rhetorical prowess" is the illness. His 1958 encyclical, On Pilgrim­ wash yourself here" (ninth apparition). term used by the present Bishop of age to Lourdes, reviewed the favors which Water at Lourdes symbolizes a desire Lourdes) recorded in the Annales de previous popes had bestowed on for healing and purification. Used with Notre-Dame de Lourdes. Among the Lourdes. On March 25, 1958, Cardinal faith, the water of Lourdes is intended events of the 1908 celebration was the Angelo Roncalli presided at the conse­ to revitalize. testimony of some three hundred cration of the underground basilica 2004: The Rock. The grotto of people-miramle.lj who claimed to have named in honor of Pope Pius X. (Later Lourdes is located within a large lime­ been cured at Lourdes. (A repeat from that year Cardinal Roncalli became stone rock face known as Massabie/le, the 1897 celebration, marking the Pope John XXIII.) The 1958 celebra­ which means "the Old Rock." Many, twenty-fifth anniversary of national pil­ tion also witnessed the International especially at night, take time to touch grimages to Lourdes, when the first Mariological/Marian Congress dedi­ the rock seen as a symbol of God's three hundred miramlis were featured.) cated to the theme "Mary and the strength and fidelity. In one of her let­ The 1908 celebration also saw a replica Church," a meeting whose proceedings ters, Bernadette asked for prayers, of Lourdes grotto placed in the Vatican anticipated Vatican II's document on gardens, a symbol of the close associa- Mary and the Church. e 2 uln France todqy} the onfy ones who can be found prqying in public are the Moslems. Here at Lourde~ you can see Christians prqying. "

Evangelization, continuedfrom page 1 from all social and econom1c light) converge together in the open classes, from all languages. space of the shrine as the remem­ • You see a great many people who brance of Mary's presence. In the last are sick or handicapped and who few years we have tried to show the do not hide or conceal their infir­ biblical and the liturgical significance mity. You also see the many vol­ of these natural symbols. For ex­ unteers who accompany and assist ample, 2004 featured the rock of the sick and are at their service. Be­ Massabielle, a symbol of security: tween the two groups, friendship "The Lord is my rock." and bonds of union develop. As you visit the grotto, take note • You see many people quietly pray­ of the symbols-the rock in which ing at the grotto, without ostenta­ the grotto is found, water from the tion. In France today, the only ones source coming into the baths, the who can be found praying in pub­ candles in the evening procession: lic are the Moslems. Here at these are rituals of Lourdes. They are Lourdes, you can see Christians Bishop Jacques Perrier never exhausted. Everyone can un­ prayrng. Bishop of Tarbes of Lourdes derstand their meaning, even if they • You see bishops, priests, and reli­ are merely amused. Evangelism at gious. During the summer, semi­ thing that can be seen and experi­ Lourdes is explaining to individuals narians seem to find their iden­ enced. the deeper meaning of the symbols. tity-one of service. Such service Bernadette herself is a symbol of In popular religion, evangelization is may strengthen their calling. one who lived the Gospel. "Blessed addressed to the individual. The At Lourdes and at all Marian are the poor in spirit: the Kingdom Good News of Jesus Christ is for liv­ shrines, there is a great liberty. Shrines of God is theirs." In following Christ, ing people. are not places for indoctrination. Visi­ she gave witness to living the Way of "Come and see," said Jesus. The tors come and go as they please. the Cross. contemporary church is often ac­ There are events and programs At Lourdes, the word takes hold cused of speaking too much and not throughout the day. Dialogue and of pilgrims by what they see and ex­ providing enough to see. Although conversation is possible. Each one perience. What better way to preach our faith is direct to the invisible, Ca­ chooses what he or she will attend - the Gospel? tholicism is the religion of the Incar­ no pressure is used. e nation which provides symbols as Lourdes provides many images, ~Address by Bishop Jacques Perrier, icons through which we see some­ and many leave Lourdes with souve­ given at Knock, Ireland, Meeting of thing about God (cf. Benedict XVI's nirs of these images. But the image the Rectors of Marian Shrines. Docu­ God is Love, 16-17). Shrines are acces­ alone is not enough. Jesus used im­ mentation Catholique, Dec. 17, 2006, sible to all-believers and non-believ­ ages, but he also explained the mean­ No. 2370 ers. Lourdes is open twenty-four ing of the images. At Lourdes and at hours a day and provides something Marian shrines, the spoken word is for the eyes. What do you see at always related to what one sees. Lourdes? A rule for preachers at Lourdes is • You see a great number of people, that reference be made to the sym­ similar to those found anywhere, bols of Lourdes. Sermons at Lourdes but of all ages, from all countries, always include references to some- 3 The Fifth Latin American Bishops' Conference Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida efore Vatican II, Marian de Catholic Church in Latin America." the particular culture. votion was frequently ex The document from Aparecida At shrines, people fre­ B pressed in devotions such as lists various expressions of devotion: quently make deci­ the rosary, novenas, processions, pil­ the celebration of patronal feastdays, sions which will influ­ grimage, which, to distinguish them novenas, rosaries, the Way of the ence their lives ...." from the Liturgy, were known as Cross, processions, dances and songs, The Latin American bishops' "popular devotions." Vatican II's only devotion to the saints and to the an­ document outlines the role of the reference to popular devotions was gels, prayer within families. Virgin Mary. ''As in the human fam­ in the Constitution of the Sacred Lit­ The Aparecida document also ily, the Church family is formed urgy, which directed that "popular de­ speaks of shrines and pilgrimage as around a Mother who gives soul and votions be reformed and conformed part of the Christian spiritual jour­ tenderness to human interaction. to the spirit of the liturgy which by ney. "Pilgrimage is an expression of Mary, mother of the Church, as well its nature is superior to popular de­ devotion where one joins the People as model and paradigm of humanity, votion" (SC 13). This subordination of God 'on the way.' On pilgrimage, is the one who makes communion of popular devotion to the liturgy led believers form a company of people, possible. One of the principal events many to question the value of popu­ who journey toward the God who in the Church history was her 'yes' to lar devotions-which contributed to awaits them. Christ makes the pil­ God. She brings multitudes to com­ the turmoil in Marian devotion in the grimage with them, especially present munion with Jesus and the Church, wake of Vatican II. in the poor and the marginalized. The as is especially evident at Marian A change in attitude began in Pope beginning of pilgrimage-leaving the shrines. Here especially the Church Paul's VI 1974 letter, Evangelii familiar-is an act of faith, the jour­ is mother, as is the Virgin Mary. This nuntiandi. Popular devotions were ney is a song of hope, and the arrival Marian vision of the Church is the "particular expressions of the search at the shrine or sanctuary is an en­ best remedy for a Church which may for God and for faith," which mani­ counter with love. The images at the at times seem functional or bureau­ fest "a thirst for God .. . an acute shrine mirror the tenderness and the cratic." e awareness of profound attributes of nearness of God. Love gazes on them Consqo Episcopal Latinoamericano; V God: fatherhood, a loving providence in silence and dwells on the mys­ Conferencia General del Episcopado and constant presence." Further­ tery ...." Lztinoamericanoy del Caribe: Aparecida, 13- more, "they engender interior atti­ At a shrine, the pilgrim can expe­ 31 de mqyo de 2007. Venezuela: Conferencia tudes such as patience, the presence rience "the mystery .. . not only of Episcopal de Venezuela, 2007. of the Cross in daily life, detachment, God, but also of the Church, a mys­ openness to others." Similarly, the tery which transcends the family and Pueblo and the Medellin documents from the Latin American Episcopal Conference spoke about popular de­ Madonna of the Carnation votions, especially about their role in evangelization and inculturation. By Bernardino Luini The fifth conference of the Latin This stamp, produced by the American and Caribbean Episcopal United States Postal Service, depicts Conference took place at the Marian Bernardino Luini's painting The shrine of Aparecida, Brazil, in May, Madonna of the Carnation. Luini's 2007, attended by Pope Benedict XVI. work dates from 1515, and the In his opening address, the pope re­ original painting is housed at the ferred to the "rich and profound sense National Gallery of Art in of popular religion which expresses the Washington, D.C. soul of the Latin-American people" which is "the precious treasure of the

4 George Henri Tavard A Life Dedicated to The Restoration of Unity r. George H. Tavard, A.A., His colleagues in the ecumenical dia­ died suddenly at Charles De logues remember him as one who car­ F Gaulle Airport in Paris, on Au­ ried "his learning lightly, with simplic­ gust 13, 2007. Funeral services were ity and humility being part of his Tuesday, August 21, in the Church of charm." James Haire, member of a St. Dominic in Paris. Fr. Tavard was bur­ Methodist dialog, wrote of "the grace ied at the Assumptionist plot in the Paris of working alongside someone so Montparnasse Cemetery. deeply nourished by the Catholic tradi­ Born in Nancy, France, 1922, Tavard tion yet who understood the depths of was a member of the Augustinians of Methodist theology and spirituality so the Assumption (A.A.), studied at well." D r. Bill Franklin, an Episcopa­ Nancy and Lyon, and was ordained in lian, spoke of him as "the living em­ called to unravel the threads of the 1947. In 1953, he came to the United bodiment to Episcopalians of the rich­ medieval philosophical position which States. For seven years he taught at ness that might come in Christian life influenced theology, while, in another, Mount Mercy College (now Carlow from the goal of the full communion he might remain quietly seated in prayer College) in Pittsburgh, and for eighteen of our two churches" (Cf. Donald with the participants awaiting the Holy years at the Methodist School of The­ Bolen's "George Henri Tavard, A.A.­ Spirit. ology in Delaware, Ohio. He was also in memoriam," Ecumencial Trends, 36/8 He possessed the deep patience a professor at Marquette University, vis­ [September 2007]: 13-14). which is indispensable for the iting professor at the Josephinum Tavard authored over 55 books, nu­ ecumenist who is confident that School of Theology, the International merous articles, and was busy writing God's spirit is bringing union to be­ Marian Research Institute and at Catho­ and lecturing until his death. Among lievers in Christ. His life was charac­ lic University of America. At Vatican his most influential works were Hojy terized by serenity. When many were II, he was named a peritus conciliaris by Writ or Hojy Church (1959); Woman in the distraught by the changes brought Pope John XXIll and consultant to the Christian Tradition (1973); The Vision rf about by the Vatican II, he concluded Pontifical Secretariat for the Unity of the Trinity (1981); and The Thousand Faces his path-breaking work on woman in Christians. rf the Virgin Mary (1996). A doctoral the church: ''Although these reforms Described as "a gentle theologian dissertation on Tavard's writings on may be far-reaching, there is no rea­ who has been a giant in ecumenical church and ministry was written by son to envisage them otherwise than work," he was a member of the Angli­ Marc R. Alexander, for which George with serenity. Indeed, the anxiety and can-Roman Catholic International expressed, in the introduction, "deep the panic that seized many in the wake Commission from its beginning until appreciation." of Vatican II have been immeasurably 1983, and the International Catholic­ George also wrote on mystical wasteful and have certainly not shown Methodist dialogue from 1983 until themes and, not surprisingly, his poetry, much depth of Christian conviction 2006. In the United States, he was part which he wrote in French and English, and of confidence in the God-given of Anglican-Roman Catholic Conver­ reflects his contemplative outlook. In structures of the Church .... Should we sations and the Lutheran-Roman The Vision rf the Trinity he concludes: balk at the idea of introducing into the Catholic Dialogue. "The doctrine of the Trinity, as I have already hard-pressed church such a A message from Cardinal Walter tried to show, finds its depths in the fact leaven of self-transformation? Yes, in­ Kaspar, president of the Pontifical that it is primarily a vision. Only a vi­ deed-unless we believe that the Council for Promoting Christian Unity, sion can awaken the hopes that lie dor­ Catholic Church is still the Ecclesia to noted that Tavard's life was "dedicated mant in the human soul. Only a vision which the word of eternal life were to the restoration ofunity among Chris­ can lead humankind to a really new fu­ entrusted, against which the gates of tians .... He must be considered one of ture." hell shall not prevail, and in which the the great pioneers in Catholic ecumeni­ A gracious adaptability served spirit dwells, leading it unto all the truth'' cal work, who put his mind, heart and George well in the ecumenical dia­ (Woman in Christian Tradition [Notre soul at the service of Christian unity ...." logues. In one dialogue, he might be Dame Press, 1973] 225). e

5 Marian Update Book Notes • The 59th Annual Meeting of the The Mother of the Lord: Memory, Presence, Hope. The Pontifical Mariological Society of America International Marian Academy. Staten Island, NY: Alba House, 2007. will take place May 20-23, 2008, Stonehill College, Easton, Massachu­ This work from the Pontiftcia of the Virgin Mary must speak to setts. The meeting's theme: "Mary's Accademia Mariana Internationalis contemporary men and women. Cooperation in the Redemption." (PAMI) was originally The centuries-old • The 22nd Mariological-Marian In­ published in 2000 as a theology developed in Western Europe is ternational Congress, organized by letter to students and the Pontifical International Marian organizations that not devalued or repu­ Academy, will take place at Lourdes, promote Marian diated, but, at the be­ studies. In a fraternal ginning of the third September 4-8, 2008, with the theme millennium, "the "The Apparitions of the Blessed way, the letter situation has Virgin Mary Within History, Faith, proposes to chart a and Doctrine." course for theological changed." People of reflection on the the Third World par­ • To mark the the sixtieth anniversary Virgin Mary in the ticipate in theological of its foundation, the Pontifical In­ new millennium. The discourse with origi­ ternational Marian Academy is work begins by nal insights. Women organizing a symposium in Rome establishing the have acquired the from Nov. 8-10,2007. The theme is context for Marian theological status ''Proposals for New Ways and New studies. At the which, because of Directions for Studying Mariology." beginning of the third millennium, historical circumstances, was pre­ http:/ I accademiamariana.org the world manifests some frightening viously denied them. Ecumenism • "Mary in the Life of the Parish" tendencies toward violence, and the interreligious dialogue of­ Symposium sponsored by the Inter­ genocide, and materialism, as well as fer new ways of dealing with tradi­ national Marian Research Institute/ some heartening movements toward tional Marian themes. Studies of the library, July 21-23, 2008. For solidarity, cooperation, and the Virgin Mary are to reflect this information contact: Fr. Francois complementarity. Marian theology panoramic context presented by the Rossier, S.M. 937-229-4214 must speak to people within this pontifical academy. context. One way to integrate Marian A recent review in America (Nov. theology into contemporary 19, 2007) by Nancy Hawkins ex­ theological currents is for presses appreciation for many fea­ interdisciplinary studies involving tures of the work: ''The historical de­ other branches of theological velopment of Marian doctrine is ex­ ew~ the Mary Pag inquiry-soteriology, pneumatology, plained thoroughly and clearly .... Its "Cbri\tma. atta~ns" co;pris ecclesiology. writing style is more inviting than the ing Children's Dra~ings, Pape A second section deals with Catechism, and its conciseness makes .eches, d Paintin f .. alaiij "themes and questions" to integrate it easy to use." But she concludes, Favorite. Virgin Mary not only into doctrine other approaches are also needed. but also into the hearts and lives ''There is definitely a place on the li­ • "Mary and Poetry" by Fr. Johann of believers-the Marian dimen­ brary shelf for The Mother rf the LJrd, Roten, S.M. sion of the Christian life. A third but only if it is placed next to Tru!J • Creche Exhibits. Marian library section deals with prayer in the Our Sister, by Elizabeth A. Johnson, spirit of Mary and the role that the C.S.J., or another work by a contem­ Crech~ Museum (Nov. 21-Jan. 6), Dayton Art Institute, Bergamo Virgin Mary has in the Church's lit­ porary Catholic theologian. The two Center in Beavercreek, OH. urgy and devotional life. books combined will give the reader The letter from the Pontifical a balanced, ecclesial and liberating vi­ Find all this and so much more on Academy is a refreshing document. sion of a graced woman of faith who The Mary Page at: It insists that reflection on the role has a key role to play in our lives." e http:/ /www.udayton.edu/mary 6 Friends of The Marian Library /International Marian Research Institute

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