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Collection: Green, Max: Files, 1985-1988 Folder Title: Armenian-Americans (1) Box: 1
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National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ t / THE WHITE HOUSE i WASHINGTON I I - I Date: / /2 ftCe 'I I
TO:
FROM: LINAS KOJELI~ Special Assistant to the President for Public Liaison Room 196 OEOB, Ext. 6573
The attached is for your: ~ Information D Review & Comment □ Direct Response D Appropriate Action □ Draft Letter D Signature □ File D Other □ Please Return By
Comments: ANCA WASHINGTON Armenian National Committee of America REPORT
1901 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., N .W. SUITE 503 • WASHINGTON, D .C. 20006 • Tel. /202) 775-1918
December 1985 Vol. 1, No.4
H.J.RES. 192 BECOMES MAJOR SUBJECT OF DEBATE IN CONGRESS The House of Representatives devoted an unprecedented four hours of debate to the Armenian case and H.J.Res 192 on December 12, 1985. Over 50 Congressmen participated in the debate. In spite of the tremendous opposition by the Turkish Government and the U.S. Department of State, an overwhelming majority of 263 House members out of 419 voted to consider H.J.Res. 192. The House decision to consider H.J.Res. 192 at a time when it was deliberating over the Balanced Budget bill, the Tax Reform bill and the Farm Programs Reauthorization bill elevated the importance assigned to the resolution. Thus, the primary objective of H.J. Res. 192, to raise the consciousness within the House of Representatives about the contemporary relevance of the Armenian Case, having been achieved, the proponents of the resolution postponed additional action until a later date. This move also served to prevent the opposition from introducing amendments designed to distract from the impact achieved through the four hours of floor debate. The resolution was temporarily withdrawn following the defeat of an amendment by Rep. Bill Ford (D-Mich.) which would have blocked the amendments to be offered by the opposition. The ANCA endorsed the Ford amendment because it was not distracting from the essential message of the resolution. The amendment would have specified that the Armenian Genocide was perpetrated by the governments of the Ottoman Empire prior to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. The Ford amendment was . defeated by a vote of 206 to 213. Earlier in December, Speaker O'Neill fulfilled his promise to the ANCA by urging the Rules Committee to grant a rule and scheduling a vote on this rule permitting consideration of the resolution. The ANCA attributed this victory to the growing political awareness within the Armenian American community. The ANCA honored the 40 House members who actively supported the resolution at a Capitol Hill reception on December 19, 1985, before Congress recessed for the year. Ten congressmen and key aides from many congressional offices attended the reception. SEVEN PROMINENT HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS SENT AN OPEN LETTER TO PRESIDENT MITTERAND requesting that he initiate a resolution in the European Parliament, which will recognize the Armenian Genocide. The letter also urged other European governments to be supportive of such a resolution. The letter was co-signed by Nobel Peace Prize winners Sean McBride (Ireland) and Adolfo Perez Esquivel (Argentina); Nobel Prize winner in physics Louis Neel (France); Nobel Prize winner in biology George Wald (U.S.A.); Gunther Gass (West Germany), Albert Moravia (Italy) and the chairman of the Permanent People's Tribunal session on the Armenian Genocide, Francois Rigaux (Belgium). Followi ng the publication of the letter, the ARF Bureau issued an official statement supporting the initiative of the seven signatori es as a positive step towards the resolution of the Armenian Cas e . ' TURKEY SIGNS AN INVESTMENT TREATY WITH THE U.S.: U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter and Turkey's Ambassador to the U.S. Sukru Elekdag s igned a bilateral investment treaty on December 3, 1985, i n Washington, D.C •• The treaty was the first of its kind between the two countries since World War II and the first investment treaty between the U.S. and a European ally. Following the s igning of the treaty, Yeutter declared: "Together, we have given the U.S. business community new opportunities to expand their business ties with Turkey". In 1984, U.S. direct investment in Turkey totalled $223 million. Early next year, the Administration will submit to the Senate, for ratification, a package of investment treaties, including the one signed with Turkey. Ratification of the treaty is expected to substantially increase U.S. investments in Turkey from private resourses. U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES APPROVES "ETHNIC AMERICAN DAY• 1 RESOLUTION : On December 12, 1985, the U.S. House of Representatives unanimously passed S.J. Res. 32, which designates September 21, 1986 as "Ethnic American Day. The Resolution, which had previousl y cleared the Senate, must be signed by President Reagan on or before December 28, 1985. The ANCA endorsed S.J.Res. 32 in August 1985 and helped secure the co-sponsors necessa ry for consideration by the House. SENATOR PRESSL ER CALLS FOR THE OPENING OF THE OTTOMAN ARCHIVES: In a lett er dated October 23, 1985, Sen. Pressler asked U.S. Secretary of State Shultz to request the Republic of Turkey to open for r eview, the Ottoman archives dealing with the period of the Armen i an Genocide. The Senator stated that the review of the archives will help establish the facts surrounding the Genocide and reduce the tension between the U.S. and Turkey on the issue of the Genocide. THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT RECOMMENDED AGAINST THE ACCEPTANCE OF TURKEY INTO THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, by a vote of 159 to 118, on October 23, 1985. The resolution opposing Turkey's acceptance into the E.C.C. was based on a report by the Political Affairs Comm i ttee of the Parliament, which expressed the Parliament's concern over the lack of progress towards democracy and respect of human rights in Turkey. PATRIARCH KALOUSTIAN QUESTIONED IN THE HOSPITAL: Archbishop Shenork Kaloustian, the Armenian Patriarch of Istanbul, was questioned by a Turkish prosecutor while he was hospital i zed for minor surgery. It is said that the Patriarch did not cooperate with the prosecutor and refused to answer any questions. · It is speculated that the investigation stems from an Armenian clergyman's unauthorized visit to Dyarbekir in search of Turkish Armenian youth willing to enter the priesthood and study at the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, and the publicity generated by the Patriarch, after the Turkish Government refused to allow him to hold services in the historic Armenian church of Aghtamar, an island monastery in Lake Van. TURKISH AUTHORITIES ORDER CLOSING OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH IN ISKENDERUN, citing as their reason, the hazardous condition of the church structure. The order came as a surprise to church officials who had been awaiting for the required Government authorization to enable them to go ahead with their plans to renovate the church. HOUSE VOTING RECORD ON H,J,RES, 192
ti II II 1111 II II II ti ti II II 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 3
IH,/Ul6tl6 CONNECTICUT IOWA MINNESOTA 1 Callahan (R) NN N 4 McKinney (R) y l I.each (R) yy y 5 Sabo (D) yy y 2 Dickinson (R) NN N 5 Rowland (R) yy y 2 Tauke (R) NN N 6 Sikorski (D) yy y 3 Nichols (D) N N N 6 Johnson (R) y y y 3 Evans (R) Ny y 7 Stangeland (R) N N N 4 Bevill (D) Ny N 4 Smith (D) y y N 8 Olerstar (D) y y y 5 Flippo (D) NN N DP.T,AWARP. 5 Lightfoot (R) NN N 6 Erdreich (0) NY N 1 carper (0) yy N 6 Bedell (D) YN y MISSISSIPPI 7 Shelby (D) y y N I ·iii!tten (D) NN N FLORIDA KANSAS 2 Franklin: .m1 N N 'N Al,1',SKl'i I Hutto (DI NN N 1 ~rts (R) YN N 3 Montgooery (0) NN N 1 Young ( ) y y y 2 FUgua (0) YN N 2 Slattery (D) y y y 4 Dowcy (r,) y N N 3 Bennett (0) NN N 3 Meyers(RI YN N 5 IDtt (RI NN N ARIZONA 4 Olappell (D) NN - 4 Glickman (D) y y y 1 McCain (R) N N N 5 McCollum (R) NN y 5 llhitlaker (R) YN - MISSOURT 2 Udull (D) YN y 6 MacKay (D) YY y 1 clay to) y y y 3 StLIITp (RI NN N 7 Gibbons (D) yy N KENTUCKY 2 Young (0) Ny N 4 Rudd (R) NN N 8 Young (R) NN N 1 Hubbard (0) NN - 3 Gephardt (DJ y y y 5 Kolbe (R) NN N 9 Bilirakis (R) YN y 2 Natcher (0) NN N 4 Skelton (D) NN N 10 Ireland (RI NN y 3 Mazzoli (D) NN N 5 l>tleat (0) YY y ARKANS!'IS 11 Nelson (DJ N 4 Snyder (R) NN N 6 Coleman (RI NN N 1 Alexander (DI NN N 12 Lewis (R) NY N 5 Rogers (R) NN N 7 Taylor (R) N N N 2 Robinson (D) y y y 13 Mack (R) NN N 6 Hopkins (R) NN N 8 enerson (RJ NN N 3 Harmerschmidt (R) N N N 14 Mica (0) YN N 7 Perkins (D) yy N 9 Volksrer (D) yy y 4 Anthony (D) y N N 15 Shaw (R) NN N 16 Smith (0) yy y LOUISIANA MONTANA CALIFORNIA 17 Lehman (D) y 1 Uvingston (R) NN N 1 Williams (0) y y y 1 Bosco (D) y y y 18 Pepper (D) y y y 2 Boggs lD) YN y 2 Marlenee (R) NN N 2 Chappie (R) y 19 Fascell (0) YN y 3 Tauzin (DI NN y 3 Matsui (DI y y y 4 lb!mer (D) YN y NEBRASKA 4 Fazio (D) y y y GEORGIA 5 Huckaby (DI NN N 1 Bereuter (R) NN N 5 Burton (D) y y y l Thomas (D) YN N 6 Moore (R) NN N 2 I:8ub (RI NN N 6 Boxer (DI y y y 2 Hatcher (D) Y- N 7 Breaux (D) NN y 3 Smith (R) NN N 7 Miller (D) y y y 3 Ray (DI YN N 8 IDng (D) y y y 8 Dellums (D) y y y 4 Mndall (R) YN N NEVADA ... y y y 9 Stark (0) YY ~ 5 Fowler (D) YN 14AIHE 1 Reid (D) 10 FJ:lwards (0) y y y 6 Gingrich (R) yy N 1 McKernan (R) YN y 2 VUcanovich (RI YN y 11 Lantos (D) N N - 7 Darden (0) YY N 2 SncMe (R) YN y I :! 7.sc-hau (R) y y N 8 Rowland (DI YN N l\lP.W HAMPSHIRR 13 l'iillt!tci (DI 'i y y 9 Jerudns (DI Y N · N 14ARYLAND 1 Smith (R) 'i y y 14 Shunway (R) NN N 10 Barnard (D) NN N 1 Dyson (D) yy N 2 Gregg(RI NY N 15 Coehlo (D) yy y 2 Bentley (:l.) NN N .. 16 PanettaD) y y y HAWAII. 3 Mikulski (0) Ny y .MEW .ERSEY 17 P'IZh.'.lyan (R) y y V 1 HP.fte 1, fDI- yy y ·4 ,Hol~ ,(RI ~! "! ?? l !'brio (DJ YY - 18 Lehman (0) y y 'i :! Akaka (DI yy y S~r !DI YY y 2 HughP.s (D) YN y 19 11.a:pnarsino (R) N N N 6 Byron (DI y N - 3 How;mi (0) y y y 20 'lhonas (R) y y y IDAHO 7 Mitchell (D) y - y 4 Smith (R) y y y 21 Feidler (R) y y 'i l Craig (R) NN N 8 Barnes (D) YY y 5 Houkema (R) yy y 22 Moorhead (R) y y y 2 Stallings (0) y y y 6 Dwyer (D) YN y 23 Beilenson (D) y y y ""SSACHUSETTS 7 Rinaldo (R) YN y 24 Waxnan (D) y y y ILLINOIS l Conte U
PENNSYLVANIA VIRGINIA l Foglietta (D) N - y l Bateman (R) N N N 2 Gray (0) N N y 2 Whitehurst (R) N N N 3 Borski (0) y y y 3 Bliley (RJ y y y 4 Kolter (0) y N y 4 Sisisky (OJ y y N 5 Schulze (R) N N y 5 Daniel (0) N N N 6 Yatron (0) y N y 6 Olin (OJ y y N 7 Edgar (0) y y y 7 Slaughter (R) y N N 8 Kostmayer (0) y y y 8 Parris (RJ y N y 9 Stuster (R) N N N 9 Boucher (0) y y y 10 McDade (R) y y N 10 Wolf (R) y y y 11 Kanjorski (0) y N y 12 Murtha (0) N N N 13 Coughlin (R) y N y 14 Coyne (0) y N y 15 Ritter (R) y y N 16 Walker (RJ N N N 17 Gekas (R) y y y
Y = Yes N = No Column Ill: Adoption of the rule to provide for House floor consideration . of the resolution. Adopted 263-156. Column 112: Ford amendment. To specify that the genocide committed against Armenians occured before the establishment of the present Republic of Turkey. Rejected 206-213. The effect of the amendment, if adopted, would have been to prevent subsequent amendments to modify the resolution. Column //3: Motion to suspend the rules and pass the resolution. Rejected 233-180. 2/3 majority vote of those present and voting required (276 in this case) for the passage of the motion under suspension of rules. j
J W /,TE HOUSE / WA~H INGTON
Date: /-;)/S-/1 J
FROM: Jack L. Courtemanche
□ Recommended Action
□ Review & Comment
□ Information
~ther ~~ /½ ~~ ~~-~ ~ z; ~ -- ~ ~ P~-,~~~~ ~~- THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON ..•
PRESIDENTIAL MEETING WITH GOVERNOR GEORGE DEUKME ..TIAN . . {R - CALIFORNIA) -AND EIGHT ARMENIAN-AMERICAN LEADERS
Date: December 6, 1983 Location: Oval Office Time: 4:30-4:45 P.M. j . From: Lee L. Verstandig l'->--S--
1 . Purpose
Governor Deukmejian has not vi~itea with you in the Oval Office since he became Governor of California. The Governor !las asked that during h is meeting with you h e be able to introduce you to a small delegation of National Arm~nian-Arnerican leaders.
2 . Back ground
Governor Deukme j ian is paying a courtesy call on you and chose not to take your time to bring up issues of concern t o the state of Ca l ifornia nor to d i scuss national domestic policy . I nstead, the Governor wanted to give you the opportunity to meet with some of the Armenian-Americ~n leaders from across the country .
Attac h eo a r e b ri~~ h i og~aphic al sket ches of the attendees.
The ~.merican-Armenians are expected to raise the issue of the so-called Armenian genocid.f;_ which took place in Turkey in 1 915......
They will likely call attention to an August, 1982 Deoartment of State Bulletin arti cle that appeared en~itled "Armenian Terrorism: A Profile."
The note at the end of the article states the following:
"~ecause the historical record of the 1915 events in As i a Minor is ambiguous, the Department of State does not endorse allegations that the Turkish government committed a genocide against the Armenian people."
The Armenian community has been most upset with this statement. The Armenian-Americans are expected to agree with a •• comment ~hat you made at a recent reception £or ethnic newspapers that Armenians and Turks should sit down and ., ., settle their long standing differences.
Finally, the Armenian-Americans may ask you to consider appointing another person of Armenian heritage to the u.s Holocaust Memorial Council. Of sixty members, only one is an Armenian American. ,. 3. Participants ' . Governor George Deukmejian (R-California) Archie Dickranian Hirair Hmrnanian Kenneth Khachigian Edward Mardigian .Ale:x Manoooia:r. Karl M. Samuelian David Shakarian Barrv Zorthian Lee L. Verstandig Andrew H. Card, Jr. X ?,'17. \
4. Press Plan
White House photographer.
5. Seouence of Events
4 : 30 P.r,:. - Lee Ve~stanc.ig will accorr.pany the Governor and the eight Armenian Americans into the oval Office...... 4:30 - 4:10 P.M. - Governor D~ukmejian and the eight Arrnenian-Ameri.cans will raise issues of concern to the Armenian American community.
4 :10 - 4:45 P.M. - You can resoond to Governor Deukmejian's and the Armenian Americans presentation and follow with a general discussion. (Talking points attached.)
Attachments. SUGGESTED TALKING POINTS FOR MEETING WITH GEOR.qE DUEKMEJIAN AND EIGHT ARMENIAN AMERICANS
Duke, I am pleased to see you again and I welcome you to the Oval Office.
I Rm also pleased that you would brin~ some of your friends from the Armenian-American community.
Ken, I am especially pleased to see you aga~n.
I share the Armenian community's revulsion :for terrorism and deeply regret the terrible calamity which befell the Armenian community at the turn of the century.
I am aware that the State Department expresses regret over the note which appeared ...~t.. the end of the State Department Bulletin in August of 1982 and I understand that the State Department's exchanges with Congressman
Chip Pashavan nnd others ha~e resolved it.
I sincerely believe that all persons with d~fferences ought to sit down and work them out, but the individuals directly concerned must determine themselves how they will do this. ... -2- ., .,
I appreciate your interest in the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council. I understand that there is already a very I ,· active and able Armenian representative on.,- the Council, Set Momjian.
Duke, while I think of it, thank you for offering that resolution in support of the Line Item Veto at the
Republican Governors Association meeting. The unanimous support of the RGA helped bring the issue national attention.
Again, it is rnv pleasure to be able to meet all of you a::if Du}~e, I hope v ou wi 7 7 ci ve '.r.'! V best to eve1'."'yone back in California. BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ATTENDEES
MR. ARCHIE·. DICKRANIAl~, Beverly Hills, California
Founder of Premier Market and private investor. He has _bee'h ,~,~ selected as Man of the Year by the Beverly Hills Chamber of Commerce and has served as Assistant City Treasurer for the City of Beverly Hills, fundraising chairman for the Red Cross and president of the Rotary Club. He was appointed to the Highway Safety Commission by then Governor Ronald Reagan. Mr. Dickranian hosted a fundraising res~ption at his home for Mr. Reagan when he was a candidate for Governor.
MR . HIRAIR HOVNANIAN, Toms River, New Jersey
President and Chief Executive Officer, HOVSONS, INC., a development company exclusively involved in housing projects. The f irm i s primarily involved in projects in New Jersey and Flo rioa. He is chairman o f the Armen ian Assembly. In 1982, he planneo a fundraising dinner in Los Angeles for out-of state l eacer s o f t h e Armenia n community to assist the George Deukme jian campaign for Governor.
MR. KENNETH L. KHACHIGIAN , San Clemente, Cali.:fornia . The Presi den t is fami l iar with Mr. Kh achigian_
MR . EDWARD !'-'lARDI GIAN, Detroit, Michigan
Presioent and Ch i ef Ex ecut i ve Of ficer, Hercules Tool and :·'.. a c h i n e Co:.,?any. He has b e en active i n v arious religious, cultura l a n d edu cational ph ilanthropies, including the Armenian Gen eral Benevolent Union (A.G.B.U.) and the Armenian Assembly. He has served as a U.S. Representative to the Helsinki Accord Conf eren ce and ~~airman of the Board of Directors of the Chief Executives Organization.
MR . ALEX YJANOOGIAN , Detroit, - Michigan
Foun der, }~SCO Corporation. -International L~fe President of t h e Ar me nia n Ge n eral Benevolent Union (A.G.B.U.} - _capital funds exceeding 47 million dollars. To date, he has con tributed· 25 million dollars to charitable, religious, cul tural and educational causes. In 1979, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Humani~y by the Lawrence Institute of Technology. Page 2
M.R. KARL M. S1'-.MU:SLIAN, Bel Air, California
Senior Partner, Parker, Milliken, Clark and O'Hara. He ...... ,, serves as secretary of the Los Angeles Country Club and·· is a member of the California Club. In 1981 and 1982, he devoted a significant amount.of his time to Governor George Deukmejian's gubernatorial campaign. lie was state wide finance co-chairman of the campaign and chairman of the Deukmejian Inaugural Committee. He has recently been named to the Reagan Bush '84 finance committee for Calif- ornia. . - MR. DAVID B. SP...AKARIAN, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, General Nutrition Corporation, with over 1,000 stores in the U.S., Canada and England. He is active in the Armenian General Benevolent Union (A.G.B.U.) and a Trustee of the Armenian Assenbly. He visited with the President in the White House earlier this year.
VlR . BARRY ZORTHIAN, Washington, D. C.
Senior Vice President, Gray and Company. He served as president of the Washinqton/Baltimore Regional Associationr a~ organization of business e xecutives in the metropolitan Washington/Baltimore Common Market. He has held several_ positions with Tine Inc., including vice president for Gove:?::nment A:::::airs. For more than four years beginning in 1964, h e \·,'as stationed in Saigon as the U.S. govern ment's chief of press relations and psychological operations. THE CALIFORNIA COURIER ANCA Establishes National Office_.ln Washington, D.C. WASHINGTON, D.C. - The anniversary of the Genocide in Armenian National Committee of Washington, D.C., April 24-27. America (ANCA) announced the Last year, ANCA, along with establishment of its permanent of others, was able to rally large-scale fice in Washington, D.C. to help congressional backing for legisla coordinate ANCA's political ac- tion to designate April 24, as a na .tivities and public affairs programs tional day of remembrance for the at the national level in the · victims of the Armenian Genocide United States. of 1915 and to reaffirm the U.S. "Our presence in Washington, policy concerning . this crime. A D.C. has enabled us to actively similar effort is underway this pursue our objectives in a timely year. manner," remarked ANCA's Ex The ANCA office is located cutive Director Berdj Karapetian. three blocks west of the White ''Through the facilities of our new House at 190 I Pennyslvania office, we expect to build on past Avenue, N.W.,- Suite 503, achievements and generate greater Washington, D.C. 20006. The public awareness of the Armenian telephone number for the ANCA is Case." (202) 775-1918.
ANCA plans to monitor the ac tivities of international organiza tions and the diplomatic community in Washington, D.C. as their in terest relates to various aspects of the Armenian Case. ANCA will also use the . Washington office to disseminate information on Armenian-related issues to the print and electronic media. Karapetian said that the ANCA is providing "lead support" to the efforts currently underway to organize the observance of the 70th September 17, 1984
MEMORANDUM
TO: James A. Baker, III FROM: Ed Derwinski SUBJECT: The Armenian-American Vote The Armenian-American vote is clearly vital in California, and there are organized, active groups of Armenians in New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts~ Rhode Island, New Jersey, Maryland, Illinois and Michigan. Democratic Party campaigners, led by Rep. Tony Coelho of California, are energetically demagoguing the Armenian-Americans. The full House has passed a resolution calling for a day of remembrance for the Armenian victims of the 1915 genocide by the Ottoman Turks. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has approved a resolution calling for U.S. foreign policy to take account of the genocide. This, to a reasonable degree, eases one of the main concerns of the Armenian-Americans who have been unhappy with the Adminis tration since the Department of State Bulletin in 1982, which implied that the killing of the Armenians in 1915 was not an absolute historic fact (copy attached). The debate in the House on Monday, September 10, elarifies the problem to a great degree (copy attached). Gov. Deukmejian should be contacted and every effort made to disseminate throughout the Armenian-American community the views expressed by Republican Members during the debate. It is important to note that Armenian-American leaders do not publicly support or defend the terrorist acts that have been per petrated against Turkish diplomats in recent years. They recognize that the reputation and image of Armenians have suffered because of these incidents...... - • J • •• FEATURE Terrorism
Armenian Terrorism: A Profile
by Andrew Corsun Threat Analysis Group Office of Security
Introduction c:ivili,.ed races of Western Asia (dating to~ B.C.), but eventuaDy grew Since the advent of modern Armenian to one of~ strongest king terrarism in 1976, the world has doms in that region. GeographicaDy, witnessed a terrorist campaign that has Armenia was straddling the crossroads resulted in at least 170 attatb directed of the world and thus became the victim primarily against Tmkiab installations of many invasions. With the faD of Con and tliplomatic personnel outside of stantinople in 1453, the Turks finaDy Turby'a borders. ruled eD the lands that once belonged to Enraged over the aDegecl m•ssartt Armenians and he1d them for 465 years. of 1.i m1llion Armeniansby Tarkey dur Since we are ·interested in the cause ing Wand War I, and the lols of their ancJ.effect re1ationship history has homund, Armenians unlike Jews tried played regarding the recent outbreak of and failed as propagandista to focus the Armenian terrorist ectivities • t . ..~ . _ wodd's attention on their grievances.I Turkish diplomats and estab=ts. By resorting to terrorism, Armenian ex- we will jump aheed in time to the Ot . .. tremists were able to accomplish in 7 to~ Empire of the late 19th century. . Iyeen what legitimate Armenian mp- With the rise of nationalism · nizations have been teying to c1o for throughout Europe, the Armenian strug S.,«cm'"-M. UBl.?mL . .· almost 70 years-internationelir.e the P for autonomy and modernization Fau A..rrh• 1en.wa.i..a tlle Armenian aue. 1ook on new wigor in the 1880s, and the Tw..... c..nlateul ...... to till ...... 201aodapa.ATmtialawwlti, Terrorism may not be ab1e to eue Armenians began to form p,Jitical or ...... ldD.auatllree.U...~ the min of past agonies, l,ut it is an ef- pniutions for eelf-prot.ection and as a 1ec&;-tactic in evokmc internationa1 wbicle to YOice their desire for a free ._··-···•---'•"'te..•.t..•~ C-Rl. ..aaFnaa wwwlt, ~ symp.thy for a p-evious)yllDlmown (or Armenia. One such orpnization was the fte tenalata. 90 ..... to 1-•eal»en foiptten) cause. Bow many people had "Du1mabutiun (Armenian Revolutionary -6 tlle Ye&Wa lrwM-Ne• Cere•e4o 9f beard of the Secret Army for the -Pecleration) which was founded in 1890 ABAJ,I, ileweJMJ.atltetaD~ . Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) or their in TifJis, Georgia. IIOUtica1 ...-~ ~-euea ,,._ c:ame before they bombed the head Jn a muJtietbnic at.ate, IUch es .the ~ JaDa wl1hba U ..... Aa tlte ... .,,.....a .. ae.etenoruta...n quarters of the World C,ouneiJ of Ottoman Empire, nationalism was a.ata.e'tmtiala~ W-Wa.t Charrhes in Beirut on Jammy 20, 1976? Yiewed by the Turks as a aerious inter ...... tlae ternrWa ~ea to aeeept The ume can be aid for the Justice nal threat. The result was harsher by the Ottoman • ,._aset. GoTme■t elfer .t po11tial Commandos of the Armenian Genocide repession government (JCAG) who pined~• on Oc which Jed to thousands of Armenian -,haa. Oaee la cut.ei.J0 ..we••• 6e ...... Go·Hr'lmle■ l alatecl tllat 6elr elfer tober 22, 19764 'With thf' esnmnation of deaths in 1895. With the rise of the WU a Jt1e.Y aai tla•t 6e tarorida woalcl lie the 'J'mkisb Ambessador to Vaenna, Young'J'mb in 1908, its policy of i-n tr.tea u criabaela. Dui■& a anra .... Dmnis Tunaligil. Since then, Armenian Turanism Jed to even harsher measures faeaee la Beinlt fon.wi■& Gm ladclat, extremists have waged a successful cam in 111ppressing Armenian nationaJism. ASAl,A leac1era ataW 6at tlaeir - paign epinst Turkish interests that in On April 17 and 24, 1909, over 80,000 •=••• we wlDfll1b .__.ea ut1 tlaat 6e ,naiH Freada Goftra. recent years has expanded to include Armenians were masw:red in Adana _.e .,. targets and other villages along the Cilician aeat •..t ~ kept •-...re la ao ...lrt Western as weD. a.at Aen wDI lie a ...,,_tatioa t.elweera , plains in order to suppress the nationaJ 6aa -• u.• (Aa ef6il pa~lic:atioll ..te, ambitions of the Armenian people. Gae JIOUticallaimillal atatu ef tile ternr The Seeds of Conflict W"JtJ, the advent of World War I, the lste l"Ua&baa llllcletaei■e4.) ftia wu Gae stage was let for what was later eDeged tint lacWeat ef Araeaiaa tenoriata Mb- Am>rding to historians, Armenia is to be eaDed the first •genocide" of the - - • • • - - · - -'-• 61..A _,...... ft~ ..... •
IOth eentur)'. Turkey entered the war OD resulted within the ~ communi the aide of Germany and the Autn> ty. Some Armenians felt that they had a Bungarian Empire on October 11, 191', duty to take ap arms on behalf of their and offered autonomy to the Armenians Christian brothers, wbDe others, mainJy If they would foment disaension behind left-wing Armenian Jouth through their the Russian Jines. Partly oat of diBtnlst doae contact (via the universities and of the Young 'J'mb, and encouraged by the proximity of their neighborhoods) the principle of lelf-detennination, they with their Palestinian countezparta, refuled. reamed they lhared a limilar aitua Turkey~ this attitude as tion-they bad lost their land, had a treasonous. espec:iaDy in tight of the fact large diaspora community, and the me that it (Turkey) was suffering heav., of legal methods to bring their c:au,e to militmy reversals. Minister of Interior world attention bad faDed. 'Jbe left.wing Taalat Bey ordered -&be elimination of Armenian youth bepn to form their the Armenian element, which bad been own groups (e.g., ASALA) with the aid trying for centuries to undermine the of the Palestinians, and Jinb between foundation of the state.• By 1916 the the two were formed. llany of these Twb ordered a mass deportation of Jouths also moved to the Palestinian Armenians from Turkish Armenia to eect.ion of west 13eirut. W-rtb the political Syria and Iraq. It was later aDeged that IR100e8S that the Palestinians have 1.6 million peop1e (apprmimately 80ft of acliieved through terrorism, it is not Ar· the Tmkish Armenian population) were prising that these left.wing Armenian kiDec1 or died on the journey. youths would C'hooee the ame path. 'Jbe W-dh the eonclusion of the war, the growing sympathy and aupport that Western Powers estab'lmled the In these youths have pined within the dependent Republic of Armenia OD May worldwide Armenian co1D11111Dit.J had 18, 1918, which was later paranteec1 by fOl"Ced the rig)ltrwing Armenians to aet thetrw.t;y of Sems. anc1 aignec1 cm up their own ~_(.J<;AG), but for clif. Avgust 10, 1920, by Tarkey, the ADied ferent goals and abjedives. Powers, and Armenia. But due to the pressures exerted by the Turks and Conmnmim, the new republic collapeed, Terrorist Activities anc1 by December 2, 1920, Armenia was Sovietized and ils territories to the west Terrorism is c:ertam1y not a new tactic were awarded to Tarkey. for Armenian atremilts. At the end of ne msisfcr their~ as World War l, the Duhnac '1ecided it . perceived 1,ythe Armenians, is not Clll1y would any oat ita own exemtiom of the rest.oration f4 their homeland but to thoee Ottoman leaden they believed aeek justice far the aDeged mus · were responsible for the •pnocicle• of munlen (lBM-86, 1909, 1916) of more the Armenian people. Aa a result, a net- than 1.6 million people. It is theae illaes work c:aDed Nemesis was establiabed to that have fostered the armed strugglt track down and execute thoee Ottoman by Armenian mremista apinst Tmtish leaden. diplomats and establisbment& around the On March 16, 1921, the former Ot,. world. toman Minister of Interior Tulat Dmmg the diaspora of 1916, many Bey-who was Jiving in Berlin under the Armenians fled to Lebanon which hu pseudonym Ali Sayi Bey-was shot and kmg been npn1ed as a refuge for killed at point.blank ranee after being ~ minorities. AJthough the under eurveflance for! weeb by Armenian CP'DJ'11QMiJ (approximately Sogboman Teh1irian. Others who met I00,000) in Lebu,nn had flourillbed and the aame fate at the hands of Nemesis played a waJ role in Leliene&e Jife, b., were the OttoJD&D ForeJp Minister Said the 1970s they became aught.up in the Halim, who wa, asu•eiMted in Rome in internecine fighting that bad overtaken December 19'll, and Behaedclin Shakir Lebanon. When the Pha1aupts and DjirnaJ Amii, two Ottoman officials (Catholic a.ristian rightists) decided to who were killed a vear later in Berlin. It ue the Anneman aection of east BeD'llt, is unknown what became of Nemesis known as Bomj llammoacl. to launch foDnmin.r the incidents of the early their attach against the adjacent 19~.Yet one must wonder why Anne- Muslim aection alled Naba'a, a ap)it Dian extremists have waited over 60 • • ~'■ FEATURE Ii Terrorism
Of the 11 Turkish diplomata I famDy members slain between 1976-Ju)y 1982, IC were killed while In their car •·hich ARMENIAN TERRORISM: wu atopped at a light. slowing before INDDENTS. BY YEAR enterine a busy Intersection. or parked. And or the 10 attempted a111ssinations ----- or Twidsh diplomata, 8 took place while 1973 .,. the diplomat WU in his vehicle. 'J'beae yehic:Je attacks were carried out by 1975 ■ eseesmation teams armed primarily ., with Imm automatic weapons. Tbe teams ftried in me from. lone gunman 1976 med In eight attacks to two ■ sse~ with a third member in a waiting car. With the exception of the July 21 attack 1977 in Rotterdam, the diplomatic yehicJes that were involved in these attacks were 1978 not armored, and the only protective eec:uri1iY (if any) was a driver/bocJyguerd. 1979
JCAG and ASALA .1980 While Annenian extremists have carried attadm under 19 operational names, the 1981 47 mam t.errorista groups are the Justice Cc,rmr,uclne of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG) and the Armenian Secret Army 1982 -Jaly 26 for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA).1 On the nrfece these two &IOUJIS appear to be united b.r a common pal. However, a doeer look at their communiques, and tuptiug, reveals AREAS OF OPERATIONS: that their IDetbods and abjectiYes are 9dte different. .... ~ER Of INaDENTS, U73-IULY 26, 1912 -. ' .... . ~ ·-· . ., Justice Commandos of the Anne- n&Na1 nlan Genocide. Unlike ASA.IA. wbidl nrnDUND • ia lfan:ist orient,ecl ancl .aheres f.o the ffAL'f • pbDoeopby of Scientific SociaJivn, .!CAG UMNmr more c1ole1y aBped with the • of the ~t,.~ J)ubneg party. IJNIIDIJA1D • SI pals of the l)eBhneg U'e to rec1eim •AJN E m their bl homeland, as apecified in the 'IWm - treafiJ of Sevres, and to.-...,ations SNGLAa . and NCCJSuition of the crimes committed aAII • apimt their people by TumJ; ancJ they KNNAM aeek a ao1u1ion simDar to German,'• ad- aftermiaioD World or .,.nt War and.D. ftl)al'&tionsJCAG, in its to com- 1aree1 -;;;CANAD&=;;----"i-~,=------....:.._aa.GMI ______111uniquea, appears to atriftfor these iicaii:nam--7111-ri,;-::;,:r, ------.me aoe,1s. Following the ■nessiration WwaTmcmiiiiiiN.~N'l'~---r..;------ of the TmtiBb AmlJUaadon to Vaenna and Paris in October and Dece:rn),P-r of AIIIDl4
c:omnnmique197£ napectively, entitled JCAG, -ro aDin athe foDow-up Peoples Aiiiiiia1Jl'IUll4~~~~===~•=~•======au.o ■ 1 and Governments" wrote: NNEm1+m1m;::;..,uii.,.~--,-r.1;------
Let tbe wodd realize that we will laiJ down _l'OM1\IG4l.__ ■..-.•i------c,ur arm only when the Tmti1ii Government ...8 1■ 1 diciaDy alenounces thepnocide perpetnted ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;:;;;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;:;;;;;;;;:-_ ------• • •
by Tarkey In 19H apimt the Armenian peo whoae eommunlques are replete with pe and aerees to Deptiat.e with Anneman lwxist-Leninilt rhetoric, eonaiden the N:pl eNDtativea In crier to niDltate ju,tice. Armenian question part of the interna And followq the bomlingl in New tional revolutionary movement, and they York City and Los Ange)es on October ■eek doaer ties with Soviet Armenia. 12, 1980, JCAG atated: · For the first 4\\ ,ears of lta a tstenoe, ASA.LA eoncentrated its attacks We make dear that our struale t.oclay (the ■ole aception being the bolllbu,g of eeamst the Tmldah GovenuneDt .. DOt to l,e the headquarters of the World Councll reeanJed u rnenee for the 1916 aenocide ID wbidil.6 mD1ion Annenian DIG, women, anc1 of Oiurches in Belrut in January 1976) daDdren were maaacncl. Our lltnale ~ on Turkish installations and diplomatic • diredecl to have 1be Tmm1i Government peraonnel. During this period, AS.ALA to admit to its responm"bility for that was.in the process of enlarging its amuderous ad, u well as to retum to the organi,,ation and hue of operations in Armenian people the lands taken forceably and tocla occupiec1 by the imperialist 'J'mkillb Goverm!nt lince 1be pnoc:ide. We demand once apin that theTmtish Gcnemmentad mit its responsibility for the pnocide of 1116 and make appropriate tenitoria1 and finanaaJ reparations to the lcq-cufferini Annenian people. 'J1ii.s theme l'i'JIWDS eomtant in all their eommuniques t.o FebruuJ 1982 with the ••sassmafion of the bonorar, Twtisb Consul to Boston, Oman Gundm. ln Paris JCAG ■aid that: Tbe llbootiDg wu 1D reallinn the permanence dour demands. 'Bae Tadmh Gcwernment ID1ISt recognise the NIJICIDDbDity of lta predeceuors In '1916 iD the uecation and pnocick peq,etrat.,d acaiut tbe Armenian people, and itmmtc:Jemv CIOl'MDD IL Seconc!b', the tJ\uti6 Govemmeat llllllt ncapize 1be lwht t66e Armenian people to preparation for entering its ■econd and eonmtateah w! inileJ,enaeatatat.eof emnnt pbue. Armenian Jana which Tmkey lllep1l,J Ge capes. Oar .econa atep wu m1y poaible due to the 8DCCeafal eompletion of Gm' fint step which Because ideo10&)' affects the opera w po1itic:iNd the Armenian Joath enovch to tional atntea of a terrorist poap, pin their aupport In the~ ltep. 11ais ltep cmtaim aew JCAG concen1rat.ed its operation ■olel;J aecancl foar dnelopmenta: (1) heavy auau1t GD iq,eria1ist and f.ionilt cm Turkish interests. nae one pouib1e and reac:tiona17 forces; t2J:.:ld ~ exception was the .January 1980 triple freQueney or auacb; (I) eommamca- bombing of the affices of Sns Air, tion with the Armenian 1DUN1 and illterna· TWA, and British Air1ines in Madrid. At tiona1 apnion; and (C) straac ties with other tint JCAG daimed credit for the bomb rnolutionuy GrDDirationl inducting.,.. mc, wt m • later phone c:a11 to the 1oc::aJ 1icmaJ ties with the Kmdiah Worken ParfiJ pres, the c:aDer aid that JCAG wu not fafTmkq).• responsible for the bombiDg and, in fad. · No doubt this -.econcJ step,• whic:h condemned it. began on November U, 1979, in Paris ~ the l"OIIP name implies, of the , with the trip)e bombing of the aidine of- Z2 operations carried out by .JCAG, 10 . fices of KLM. Lafthama, and Tm1dab of the operations were ■ ssassiMtmm Airlines, was influenced by ASAIA's (resulting in 12 deaths), 6 were att.empt dose cooperation with the Palestinians, ed •ss■ ssinations, and 6 were bombings. most notably the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the Annenl•n Secrwt Army for the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Liberation of Armenia. Whereas Palestine (DFLP). 1n a foDow-up com- JCAG's ltance on the Armenian question appears compatible with traditional Armenian po1itica) betiefa, ASALA. •• • • • FEATURE Terrorism
ef four aDepd ASAI.A members/aym that the PaJeatimam C&D provide. When hutily orpnized anc1 very amateuriab in pathir.en by the Toronto police for ex- asked tr Palestinians uecf to train It& execution. One poulble explanation tortion. Twtiab terrorilta in their , llr. for lta failure hi that Beirut hi It a interesting to note that JCAG Abu Firas, the chief Palestine~tion unable to P,rovide the bit team with lau two aDepcl members in jail in the Oipniration (PLO) repraentative in proper pidanee and logistical coordina United States, and they. haft -never__ ,.... 'J'uney replied: . . tion. launched any terrorist campar.gn -.--.. In mr aqis, we train them to lie tc.amilta ~ A.SALA\ attack OD the United States. !be two aJleaed tn their eountries brt to fwl,t aplmt laael. Ankara's airport OD August 7, 1982, hi men,bera are Barout Su•o11oian, •ho Far tbia rmcm. we cannot lie held nspomi- . the first aiPnnPt. au.de by Armenian ex WU arrest.e4 and found suDfiY of the ()c. 1,le far tninq them. Since Armenians are tremilta, ~-~ operation WU tober 1980 firebombing of the home of dmem or Lebanon. we aJao train them to designed t.o obtain maximum pubJic:it,y the 'J\arkiah Consul to Los Ance)es, fipt fer the liberation or Palestine. and did ~ require elaborate p1annirig and Barout's brother Xemal ArikaD. there reports or execution. charpd Although have been of BUI)', who was arrested and u links between Armenian t.erroristB and JCAG has emerged w-tu■1ly of beiDc one the ■ ssaiJan~ in the Greek Cypriots, Greeb, and even the IUllC&thed from the invasion, and it is ■ nemnation of Kemal Aribn on Soviets, outside af the usistaDce that · only a matt.er of time before ASALA Janua17 28, 1982. At this writing, he is C&D regroup in another countl)'. France, waitinc trial. . ASAI.A has received from the Palestin - there is DO proof that AnneDiaJJ with Its 1uJe Armenian population and • No terrorist group is monothemt.ic, tntegic Jocatien in Western and the terrorist.& are pJuaed into any interna neither are Armenians. Both tional terrorist network. .~' has been mentioned u a possi a.oa,,s ahare a common bond. yet they ble bue af operation for ASALl. Wher an ff11te different when it comes to ever they find a 921ome,• what nmains achimDg their goals. 'Dus diff~ is Conclusion to be leeD is the \ype of atra~ and aJao mentioned in their eommumques. tadks ~ pursue cmce they are able to Wh1le Armenian terrorism Im evoked • fully renew their q,erations. ~=t;1J~ill of 8Jdnq, Austnlia. on Decernber 17, ..-t.ermterelt In and awumeu the .Anneni■n QUe8tion throupoat the 1980, a woman c:a1lec1 the locaJ · wan!, the rb,,me, of Anneni■nl attain Amtnlian press to empb•m that her NOTE q tbeir ~ cqedives 1bioup ter Jk,can,e the 1Dltorica1 nconl of the 1916 pG11p )ad DO eonnectioD with the• rorilm are nebu1om at-beat. This has c:a1lecl Armenian Secret Army (ab event. in Asia Minor is ambiguous, the i. been exemp1ifiec1 by the PLO, IRA. ASALA) and that the pou:p's att■cb Department of State does not endone ! to Croatians, etc. A Yiab1e aolution the allegations that the 1urldsb Government ~ were aimed at Turldsb diplomats and Armenian tJuesticm wDJ onl, eome about. Tmldah institutions. On April ,. 1981, committed apimtthe~ ~ throqgb po1itiea1 means (e.a-.• United Na •aenodde Beirut's Ouisti■n pq,le. Armeai■D t.errorista ue r• IA llnril, RiJhtiat com man .a.a.. received a phone c:a1l from an tiam, lobb.,iatp,up1,etc.)andlor 1hia alleption to jamfy in JIU't their . OD both Yet, anti) p-amille aides. aucb • eontinuing att■m cmTuddlb dpomats ~ 1CAG member who mimed that I& enr-1beiBllleli Im poap was not c:omMdecJ with path fa1lowecl-V and inttaDatiom. ASAL& and that JCAG'a attatb are will be ktpt fresh ill the~• mind through ads of teirariam. -repiaal measures far the iqjuatice com l'Jbe nmnber or Armenians ldDed in 1916 mitted apinst the Armenians; oar AJtboup ASALA ls buec1 In west the isatmatn11uue1n•~11et.-n tarpta are the Tmb, and 'J'wtiah m Beirut and ~CAG In -..t Beirut, cm Annemana ana 'J'mby. 1'lie Armenian eam wtutioaa.• aurf■ce 1t would appear that the recent _,....1+., eantenda that Bae ki1lea in 1916 EftD AS.ALA bu made reference to hraeli invuion of Lem.non llU not af. -v or ~--"'.. .Armenians fect.ec1 the operation■) apabilities of :=tec1t;~~~ this difference. Jl■gap B■gopiaD (the 'J'mkey CID the otber Jmld ltata 1mt. at ASALA apokesmaD) in an interview for Annenian temrirta u witneaed by the IDCllt. !Oo,000 Armemam iied, and their .PGIIOf"G.tn4 magazine aic1: Ju1, ID and IC bombiJwg af two Paris .teatbs were DOtthe nmltt4a~ ales by the Orly Orpnir.ation and the muacre IJUt rathertbe 1ranl!ies orwu in TIie Dtshnac put.)' is tlJinl to imitat.e - 11 att.emptec' 11u1m"■ tion of the which many 'J'mb allo bt1beir lms. Jt is Jul.J for this ...an that Turkey rebel to IA.SAi.A) In crier to npin lostsn,and. 'J'be Tmtitb Consul Gener■) in Rotterdam by A,-11 II. 1980, aperatiaD in Bame apinlt the the Armenian Bed Army. 'l'llrldlb .Ambesnd-r to the Vatican WU ~~,:,~.::~°!r Yet on eJoeer eumirwtion, the 8ID"Vmll'S, aa ~ did fer JaraeJ aft.er • ~ by the Dashmp who me the 111me l,orn1:ing,g of the two eafes are the f;,ypes WaddWarD. of a revo1utionuy ,._.., the AfflllV Ccxn •By~~ anaer many different lllallldoa of the Armenian Genocide. of low-level operations that can be c:ar names, 1lie tenmistl.• tope the inpe& ried aut by bMtigenous cells independent aion or the aiatence or numerous - tm As for international connections of instnlctiom from Beirut. While an at ffllll? a broaderlueorlllJIP.ll'l~d.e with other groops, it appears that only tempte!J ■ 1s11sim+ion af an iDclmdua1 torlcnride Armenian CIIIIDDiunltiJ. ASAI.A, through its relatiombip with tnveling in an armored c:ar with a police -m.--8'JbeNlTll:J/e Karels anclerwho were=into the E . , - the PFLP and the DFLP, bu benefited eecort requires detailed planning, the at ;~;;t~ ~tme in the ~r from any training and logistical support tatk against the consul general appeared ~ mauacn or Armenians~ World WarL ■ ~,,.r,,,r 10. 1114 a>NGRESSIONAL llEOOllD- HOUSE Rt% 'ftlta. __,,.. ... ~ eDlllllllled lhlll -tueO- labor and lo ·-..-1111 a--Ulla ..U Uld8ft ,,_ llkblsu Dir. ...,. ..,_ acu are• ..s • • etDdlllslleloUatl'naSdenllarllla llsnature. Adloll89fUIIIMlart6altalll llr. ,ORD ftf llldal,an. llr. lloak· Clal\Uf7 llaYt abo --- puUaalai I urse Ute whole Bouae IO Join loda1 er, I Mk IID&Dimo• CDiwen\ &hat all rQirdltnalblt. AJl.bollab eciencr a In Nndlnl-thla .... heuUI lqtala. --- llanben -, llawt I lesla1a1J,e -,. aedldnt loot. IIPnlJe aridea. .wlc Uoa eawanl to Uae aena&e and lht ID wblc:tl lo nY11e 111d nlald lhelr re lla,elleeDUJedall..,.UW•• l'NaldmL aaalb. ud .. lllclude ...,_ 0Dt ., JIit ftnt ····--., the • DUtO ..uer,.,_ • •- .lolDI. a-iuuan ..,., - In ArmtDIL Tbla ,-,uu TIie 8PEAD:R .... lempore. Tbt . wlD llopefuU, llrta, - - 'Ille IIPUD:R pro '-Pare. .. -tof -.ton to~ l.lld &111 II OIi \be aotloD .Uered IIJ 41\NSUIIII Ulen aliJecUon lo the NQUat ef 1be amaaaa- Anllmlua Amertm the senUeman ,,_ CllllfOl"llla Olr. taUeman ,,_ lllchllu? Wboae snndfl.Ulen Uld P'I.DdmoUN WAIUWIJ &bat lht 8-lllapmd Ille 'lbereWUDOobJeclloa. were lWed Ill tbe wadi- w rules and .... Ille lllll. JUL It'll, .. maedlhroutnp. amended. llr. ,ORD of llJchlpD, llr. lpeu. The Question wu ti.ken; and ctwo er, I field -,.elf IUCh &lme u 1-, I ...,_,Ir auppo,t lbla naoluUon I Ullrds 'haTlna 'lloCed ID faYOr Ultreof> -llltllevelillour61t,-, Ult nala _.ere auapmded Uld lbe lllll, llr. lloaker, I 8UPPOrt RDllle ,Jlllnl forset Ulla or GUier ad.a of lmodc U&mfflded.WU ...... RaohlUaD 1'7 Whldl 4n1pa1,- A1Jr11 Wt muat DOt forseL But. I alao lllllCI -N. HIS u a !'Jf&Uoml DQ of"- Ir lltlleft It ~ IO rue a I A moUon IO -naldtr wu laid • lbe&allle. lnnae ef llan'a lllhumantt, to llan" oblenatlona about elemtuta left , ud mana Ult tOUl UIIIIQl'al7 of the dear 11J liar raoauuoa. _ lenodde el 116 alWoD .A1men1U11 ID .Plr-..-&bellUtl,.,._lbl 011:NERAL LEAB Turte,. bu lleeD eomlclen.ble -U'Dftr 11111 ,.;1ut1on wb1c11 1bu OftJ' DO llr. WAXMAN. Speatr,, I boma,e IO &be flCUma atloul u.e poa1uca "'tbe u.a. 1>epai Mr. ut ~ mmt DI 8'ate. Tao ,-n a,o. ID II unanl_,. mmmt that all .llaaben 111d 11111of 11111 IIIWCft aurmon llorrlblf AIISUlt UU illue DI tbt 8ulletla. ti ma, llaft I leslala1lft -,.111 Wbidl IO &bat "'9d&la &be Jfu:I Bolocault a,, revlleandat.endtbeb'llnlartll• DearlYhro---. IJeputmmt pr1n&ed an lll'Ullt • A mmlan temn1lln. '1'1111 arUde - BA 1171, tbe IIWJmt ..-ed. a-- et lbe e,11 Um -- duded with a note &bat lbt lllat.t D 'lbe 8PEAICER pro ~ • &brousb 11:urope durlns World War D pu1mmt • .,_ not mdorw aues lbere ebJeeUon lo lbe nciuat tit 1be we lend to forset Ille mn ln\all&7 &lam &bat Ille TIDtilb OcwenuDe lffllleman Irma C&llfornla! of wbat llappened to u- ... mD1km -iued.a ~ aplalt Ult• mmlan peap1e.• .AJtboulh ID Ulr ae • ~--~-~'.. .;;_ .; .-,.# ~~~~:,= lnut of tile Bulletm, 1be lltate ll NATIORAL DAY OP RD0:11- with &be 'lblnl Releh, u a sri117 pu1mtnt lllllled • dlrJ•bvr of lb BRANCZ OP llAN'8 DnrtJIL\R. a,mbol ftf 1111111•• lnbUIIIU capabWU.. DIile. It II sUl1 a fact &bat tile a111D ITY TO KAR 11111 ~ lamas not 11111, Ult >an,uaae of UIII kind 11r u dflc:I llr --ao ot ...... ,__ 11r ._.. llnltaliRd Annenlam, llut &bme wbo U.S. •mer 11111, fllrlber _,- U • ....., -- . --- haft fallen flCtim to t,nnta of t.bt er, I mo,e to 8ll8Pmd &be rules and world ID all ,enoc:ldes. _...,ms-tddar711..iwc1e pus the Joint r.o!UUDD dU. Ra And tt 8tl'Tea lluUc:e lo all Ule world that - klJ1IDp loot t»lect, Ultft JIUJt - In obf-Uon. Amerta ~~U:Wdes:•;,~'\.!:- : that .ammca 11'111 not acam atuml>er pollcJ Iowan! that uea of lbe world I lbn'a lllhllllWllt, to 11aD," .. -end- while lanocmt IDeD, womm Uld cbD- u lmplanented. ID Ille oPIDlon of Ui ed. drai In llaa,htered 117 cruel Uld nil Member QUlte ..u-1; -ru.1oD t Ulll lnut onl7 ~ detne r "TIie aert -.du follna: ~can 11111,lmow ~ fJmi L BoPtfllll,, &bll ma-t wt ,._,_,.:,!"'.!::.._ _,...,_ Ult llmTon of at\empta"lo ltamp out lffft u a dutflc:aUCID fll Ille wrtU. an mtlre ,ace for Jlll)ltlcaJ -.lle oommm~ that Cll.UNd malulloD. ::-a:::: ~:-'-...J':.,-::. ea111e of oar OS"D llfl'ttaae we annot 8econd, the at.roc:ltlel ID Annen1a. 1 11 11erew dalsn&IN u •JI.- Dir el comprehend Reh bonUlc aetJjlm. To wblc:h cner a mUlloll people died. wei llmiemlnnce el llaD'a IIIIIIIIUIIIU to ID the, an 11Ua1J VDthlnbllle. But -ited llr I.be Army DI &be lbn", IIIMI 1be l'Naldenl .t 1be 1JDlled &be blatcn7 II clear 111d well docummt,. - llmplre ID ltll. 11111 Allll7 ._llaa\bortlod IIIMI NQ.-tld to--• ed. ID tllDea of ClCIUecUYe ~ aucb allted of TUrkkh ud ICID'dllb ml ..-matlonCIIIJlas - Ille-" elllw ~do bappaa. I 61 IIIOt wish to belabor Ult VnHed ._.., _ - _,. • •- We cannot IIIU'Ultee that - but pn,amt day TUrtkb naJIUa ha _, rm,em'llnnat ._all~ el~ Where down blstoi7'1 wlndlns path .. llt:tJt to do with &be . l:niptre u does pramt day A .::::..=. ~-='-== lmodde a,alD will DOt dalm Ila bap ·=•~Umt ol &lie pnodde pel]lellalad 11111wkJ leaddilu. res,re,ent • minor lmace of Ille lie\..., 1111 and Un, 111M1 ID 11bme But 11J actJom ACb u Uaat"propoaed bars Empire • -,. 11111 a&e II en::mmcr•,ci h AD bere Soday we can plaJ a 81118]) put ID Tbird, few of the democra - IIIMI Lbdr fr1eDds tbrous'-t Uie PulUal tbe world on DOUct tbat Ult elffltd poUtk:al leaden of -. lltnm,est Nation ID b1atorJ la aJao a Tlzrltey wtff nner born wben "!be 8PEAJtQ pro t.eau,ore. la • Dl.tlcm of eompuil--.e_ 'fllllant a1nlcltles loot. place. Jt ... 81'1. , I eeci,nd eemanded? _people. lelloD 1lhlcb lbeJ mUll nmember, -:t llr. DANNEIIED:R. llr. lloaker, I llr. DAJINEIO:Yl:R.. llr. Bpeuer, J It lbouJcl not be beld .- med · demand a -4. :,lelcl t IIIIData IO I.be lffltleman "- lbmL Tbe BPllAICER pro &empore. 'WWI- Rebnub Olr. lbuvna). . PDur1b ud 1ut, t.bla _, abould IIIOt be DmCODatnled • \._ ~=~wWbe~ demoac! 117 I.be Wl'DDI sie-. a, ~~~~lbe.::: OIDIIIDS I.be smocldt aplmt 'lbe 8PEAJCER pro lmlpore. 'l1le pus • --11IUon &bat act.empta lo of~ AlmenlUI, we llllbon. • ll!DUemaD Irma lllicblpn Dir 1-Dl lllltn, tbe pubUc'I &UmtlOD to Ult nu lbe - &lme. lbe --., &lat :- will be recapbed for ao m1nuie. Uld _,_ blllor1cal ~ ·ID wblcb fadloD of AnDmlam wbo ._ .-. Ult smtlmwl .._ callflll'llla Dir. - 11M been Inhumane tD - on a .-lier lbe1r alaln UllatGla · t Du,n,m_ul .m be naoplaed ,_ • ftl7luse-1e.nIIftl71n11w mipoa.- IIOlrlna lbe - kind of .... and . l • 1Dlnu1a. . . llb1t IO aplalD WbJ - bu., aft.en o1-. ' HtZ28
&p1one.u 10, "" CONGRESSIONAL UOOllD-HOUSE HI Ml..... !IM .r Ult 0-'- Ola· ttdlH Aramlln -IIIINll III CIU .__....._,we•.ir• -u.a 11111 r. 1h11 Na&IM .. NOii· lorDta and .... NOOlnlled .._ _ 1111a. .. 111trtehad. w we • a11t "'IMl at all fJtr1MI el blMr7 llllflllUMAPIUM-U.11 ..-eura1111o1,-r.a111an ~llulnlUdad,-t ..... • lolbelrhert~uft!luUldr ~ WlolfflClf ~ ... ll11111anllJ; and llelnl -t'lnttd Uw. el ftMwal. 1111111111 ~ tt ~ the Ion ~ _., &o llberaw aauJDcl ,,_ 'nae 8Clltlmell' and &be -..--11, ~erlelTOr1tmandlleklD IUdl u, Ml-_,.._~ amt lleapoka llllre lhould Mft ....,. _,..raUon I• W all eD . II NCllllred. • 81eanlnl It II allldllll Al elUama el a Mdoo 1tlat ,.._,e ef a- .Jollll RaoMlon Illar\ el &bt .Amertlllll fatlll. ll II tn• lcluDded GIi the prtndpl• ., lla'I MT II -.,1_.ns,r, er eur eollll"7't oabmt • a 1111 IO Join Wl&b lbw an4nu,1Cllllfnedomwarellalll -.i errone ID nurlcaUoD er &be who •>ellnw Udl aw "7 llhlnllll • lo 11kt DOtlct ., an, allnlpUo OCIIOdde CDD,eiaUoD. I IU'DrlSb' wse U.ht • Ult put Md lnmlDI a.- II. Ulae~llbertlallotbput a, eotleuvN &oJoln- 1111 IIIPP01llal P>edltni' UIA1 1l abaD aner llappm ~ID~AldM.1 Ible ..ua, effor1.e Naln. nUler lhtn llurJtnl Uw put .. "'JCaUonaJ DQ ., ._...,. e Mr. WRJOBT. Mr. Bpeuer, I rile ID ud rabb1111 -,,.,-, Ila__,. Man'1 lllbwnanl&, lo Man,• we lb 8IQIPOrt el WI lllll. B-.Jolllt Jlao. . • Mr. LO'IT. Mr. Bpeuer, I rt.r ID alaD ,_,llnD eur dedlc:aUOD lo luUoa ..,. which woukl dealpate euppon er •- ~t a.otuUoa of pe,-al ud ll'tlll Apr1I H , INS, u a "JlaUonal DQ el lt'I, a -1uUon Wblcb +slPINM ..-mclPlea .____ el lltD'l lnblllDUll&, lo April It. UU, u &he "lfaUoml DQ.&f ~ and our ~t lo MtD.• Remembrua el lltD'l lllb--t) IIIGllnl peace Uld Jlba1.r lbroull Tbll 11m will lie a D\Uns Uld Oftnlue Man.• "11111 ._lutlaD aDe IQIDD 1be &beWor14.e e Mr. 811AlfNON. Mr. Speuer, I ~ &o a1J wlctlma el aenodde. Ptaklent lo lllllue a ,.....,._tloa ..,ueawt, the I'll IIIDllaD Anllenlam llr,lns lhe AlllfflCaD people to~ .. •Jain ., eoUeacum ... 8IIIIIIGI Wbo were 't1c:Uml &be ant p)amled .apr0 Mu• da1., ,-emtnnoe for •-.Joint Relo)uUoa In, lo • or M&e Apr1I It, a .., nlenDIDaUoll o1 &he IOUI emt11r7. 1111 senoclcle ~ puttcwert, u-e 1115. et ,_ On AP111 It. 1111, bundredl of Ar- .ArmenlaDa wbo·,nr,: kDJed 4lurtas en Mnce or IDID'I lnbumanllJ lo I 8-Joint RaoluUoa HT II a Id --~-- pc,Utkal, Uld Int.el- t-7ear pnodde campaJln ID 'l'urMJ lectual leaden 'ftftl'CIUDded 11P IIJ &be "7 the O\&mMD Slaplre. AKboulb lo aD 9lctJml of ,enodde. ■lliec! ou-n Tintah Ooftrnment ud thJI &err1ble...... , -.Ind -- lbw no died tn u.e 1wtilh~ •unlered ID eol4 llklod. nae senodde 10 ,.,. 111v. a a- IIND aee1 to Jadl· ere of Anllmlanl m &be that totlond wu &be culmlnaUon or '7 .-t tarortst aet1c1111 ...-i WcnSWarL cmsolnepenecutlcmap!nlt.Ule.Arale- 'hnltb~-ofwbmllbad On Apr1I It. 1111, Ille · 111eD people 1lllldl.....,, ID &be -4 U17 part 1D &be flmta ef 1111, Uld J:mp1n launched. N!hlea llalf ., &be tt!ll emtm7. nae OUo- aucJi lenwtlt ~ are equan, u Ill ellmlM&t \be .ArmmlUI nee.; mu ra1en llouted at :&be 11me aw abbornnL im. u lllll1lcm .Armmlan people U... MDlbDetlon ot &be &nDmlUI ~ .&a Republkall lllllp, J urse ., a. ~ avdtred and UIO&ber IOC lllaUoD would lie a flnel 80hltlon lo ie..u- lo suppon UIII raol~ llad Ilea aDtd ,._ Uletr aa-d uw AnDenlan .-uon. Tile echo or I would llte to puUr:ululJ ....._... Modern 'l'Url:e, bu ,et lo face• 1llat GT WU beard a smeratloo lt.&er edit lbe efforta el-, eon.,_ ,._ &be tmplleaU- .. Iii- - at •u1 ~ mm111, wbeft Jnrllb Clllfomla Dir. •-y,aJ ID lldla1l ef bMleed, lor ...., "an. tbe. w people 'ftft llelnc 1711m11ttean, a- Ulla wure,. --ii, nhaed 1D terminated. • Mr. BIAOOL Mr. Speaker, J r1ae ID eftD eonfrom· &be tint Jl'or1.unatelJ, lhtJ wert llotb 1ITCIIIS, IUPPon of tbla resaluUan, BOUie .Joint lbll eentur,. 'lbe n:,P111"CU1illolill! 'l1le lndomltab)e AnDen1en aplrtt pre- ReaoluUon 2''1, lo dealpate .AP111 - &hat n:flllll were~ IIIWnllJ eawd and~ nUndlaD. m put, 1115, u "Jlatlmal DQ el -- tra!.ed 117 Bider'• --t.o tbnlusb the ettona er Pnllldmt ..,_ of lltD'1 lllblllllllDltJ t.o lltD.• tnr -.»Int.on. u be embutl Woodrvw WO-, &bell' Ambe-dor lo Al OD who MUftw ~ lbat - • plan lo annlhDate the hwllb Ille ou-aD l:mplre, llmr7 Morsen- abould _,,..,,.n, ~ oat aaalml aD lbl1 DO CIDe remembered tbe 111au. uc1 many dwltallle .utuUom wol&Uom or b_,.. l'iltrt,__...,.., put an 1moctde that bad lal:en place ludl u Ule Near 11:ul Relief lloclet,. ud p,-,.t, Uld u. CIIIIPODICII'., &blll u ran earlier. Tad&J, the Anllenltnl are a l'lcorous -luUon. I mp aD-, eonea.- 1o We cannot let lbla dark and lhrtflnl people wbo baft lllfflwed lend tbelr euppon lo &blll -. wmld bll&or7 be forsuu,en - &be ...._ of 1111. '111rou&b lhelr Jt wu &be mobllllaUCID for Wortd We •uat remember the tnc a.- and penlidera. lheJ baw War J Ul'lt ad lbe .sase for lbe tnclc tinier lo learn ir- tl and '8ccae u, IDtepal part el our .amen. senoclde ortbalmndllofe.rtlUUl.&r a«w,aw. ft II ID tbls IPlr1l .,. mdet,J, and Mft added sra&lr lo amlam. BJ r.tlnlu7 ltll, &be "hrl: a-Joint Raolutlcm 2''1 lbe ~ofour-sat fabric. lib Oonrnmeat )lad~ llesllll lo u a utlon. lo nf1ed cm Ule &owner, the -,. el &be atrod- Armmlul Into labor llaUal ..-nsate - of lbs eftDta el ltll. lJ IUll baunta &be nnfflllS Uld lhelr lam. u well u dlanDlnl and 4lepor1., •~ease. llut ntber 1D lamrlb«- ---ma Al tbelr plllbt mnalnl Inc CO\DIU- otberL On AprD M. 1111. 411ed.' lo eelebnle \be aat1vaJ .. IIWe IIDdenlOod. If IIOt llur1ed. Uaetr about IOO Arlllentan nlllloul. pollU• Armenlen race, and &o rmew aur ~ remain open. Tbelr ODIJ ouUet cal, and lnteileet11eJ leaden 'ftft ar mltment lo ellmlnatlnl ndaJ and ... Ileen ,art, ~DI OD nated In lllt.anbul Uld weft ettber si--nolence from tbe "~ April k Thia da!e ua llecome DOt ailed or ·•nmlered. And ., 1lepn the anlJ a 11J111bol of Ulelr ruptured put, artm carna,e 1IPlnll Anllmlanl 1llat Mr. DANNDIEYER- Mr. IIUl a n1lJ1AI point for tbetr raur- wu carried •ut Ulroasboul the OUo baft no mare recauesta for time. baclt &be aa-,· 8lan ZmpCre ID aD Armenian eent.erL Jkld ~•f-, Ume. a..t we IDdalse m , aelf-rtab1-- 'l'bll ~ ~ for aeftnl llr. PORD of Kkb1aan. Mr. -. Amertcana would do wen 1o ft- 7UlS ~•w ettona .,. &be Onlced er. I beft no further requsta for 11ect a11o Uw elementa ., amoc:tdal siaw. 1o mc1 the 11tn1e1u. ~ and I field llad: the ~ of llar1lutml wse pramt •-or the diplomatic s--ura ud bJ ~ lime. - lllllltaJ ad& ., alamlnatlon In& lo 'l'Url:e, • ..., _of~ ne SPEAKER pro a-,,o,e. aplmt .Amatcan llldlenl. lo our 1ut, and eutra,e. BJ 1111, U ml1llaD Ar ~ II OD Uae motJcm oU ._...,__ amlanl bad pertlbed, and ame UIUI Ille aen&leman ,,_ llldllpn '11111 l-1uUoD II u lmpanu,t I00.000 were ailed. J'Nal Uaat Uae ■- IUIPmd --1 l'a!ement el pat -ins IO Onfor\unatelr, llr. llpeata-. the Ar· ru1a ud pua Ult jalnt mal!J' .a-tcanc:IUaemwbo baft- _..,. amodde ... blltclrtea1 fad. •-1o1nt RaoluUon lt'l,.u lrtllu!ed 8D&IICb lo_. Jlatm. I baft BJ ftlllmlllerlns 11111 ~ c:bapur m - ) ,'6
�
. 1 i 1 i:ifilrl'ii: 1 1 i ·1·1 1 lilmmm.�' fleehleh �HeH l'6ftelfe ; ,!rl:h�ml(f eiefU!e,i f;I 1Je, i;iJii•lf� _ E mr•din H!;:'; ft" Il!!l�li I ,I , ·,� !l(l!iUa .1,.'!hUHlr 1: �ml a 2il� f n ,,, •• , � l ·1u .•l . I r•i!ri • · · ;it!fi�i iHPf i 11:mimr; I lilt ;:- •. ,;.iJ,,iJlil:ifli ..I' I !itl""i f & !1 , h l, .., ,, 1 .· 1 s 1.i,ili� � 1 1�, 1 l l & 1ff" 1Hl ufi( hU, ffl d dt, 1 un · ,n ; .•f 1•" f •fr-1�- s it-l!rhi llll f �!f �I i'li!M!ri :t eh�'f 1f jillJi�!HJ1 f' ef ' !f h el!( P•H!I! ! lf J f I !lf. If 2 i J t-t!:Coh J:"-l!•�g !l!N�&__ ..■-"- � 1• · ,,•i�.!halm!, �Ui!!Hl1 l'l,J1Ji,,,a,!IIli!;11.1 'lil'i:.ti 1u.�r1�1 ,l! ;!il!fMU:• 'E =- r rb �"'I 1 :1 i1d1 1 1i' 1 hb••r • Ji �� 1 ' iti ( t J,i,ilr11.! .. !i" I nwf ;i1,, •1 ' I.I tJI ., l t 1J11 ,. � ,I! hi iPH.l1·! o l!�: 'f mm!iii !�Ii �m 1 !1�1,i,h!,!l1!,1i1J ·iu1·! :1 i!1' 1:r:n f 1 1 1 ='"' ( 1
· i tiil in1 iti�!l�iiill•r1 {'I it · u1nmmn1;m1m111i1;;iJ:(,i '· ,,· !l!f , 1 !ilHI11 :1111: :1 1: i 1s 1 i !IJjilMitHl!ia 1 ::a1ir•f11J!!Ji!•1: !uHIU!!f!imf11t!�1,r11i f:, i['ridi•11,!r1 1 Jt 1i"r? i•li!f l r,,I illllllii.�liUihl!UIJh ti' il!!i i,,11 hhbmur 1!Udi11hl.r J�d�111m:hcau .. 5~~~;,~~},~he~f ·. Gets:-- rhe-Gr.eOs 1e.~? ...... ,,..,,_. :,, ,,·,~·-· .. ·· ·· ey Ha rut Sas·sounian J , . ..c • •f41°. ' , Y• '. , '• ,; ,,r, •· . •·· : • ·, . 1, l After' sev~ral ~ear!I of followi~g· the Turkish press, 'we h~ve ,j learned n. ot to trust any infor,nation contained in the Turkish media ..· j In the p~st few i,ionths, we demonstrated tha~ fact over and over 1 again:: .;. . · ·_, .. ; · · · . · · · · . ' ·· ,;· ! \ ... · · In our Dec. 29 is~ue, we reported that an aide to Congressman l \ Tom Lantos accused the American Turkish Association ·or- mis-. ' ,. ·-' representing the Congressm~n's . 1 \' y views on the Armenian Genocide . . . :.· .··.·· in the ATA's October,.,-1983 News-• • "-;.:f ·• · letter. ·• ' _. ' ' ' ~ . ' '! 'i'~\/. I • t,. \ . . . . -~A~E REPORTS _. ' ..• : · The Turkish Newsl~tter · haq ,· -:':· .:i ~- .., reported _that following a meeting ··· ·· ,' with - the Congressman, he had 1 ,. . ' ·.. ~. · wished the Turkish group had come : ·· · ., ,.. to see him earlier, before he had 1 ' . made statements supporting the ./··,'Armenian · position. "Why didn't : . ; · ;· ; 1 : , you come · to see me t~ree years ' ., . ago?" he reportedly told the Turks. l ·· ...... · .... ' ulf you had only talked with me-then, I woutd riot 'have signed what I did." The Congressman's aide confirmed to us that th'e Turkish report was absolutely inaccurate.' 1 11 A Recond similar episode occurred last month. At least thre~ ... Armenian newspapers covered another story 'published· by the io 1 ... ' above Turkish ·newsletter. The Turks claimed that "a hisioric .c: . White House Conference is being prepared by the American Turkish ~ . Association of Washington, D.C., to take place ... in May 1984." They called this an "exciting development" and' publicized it. as ~- a rebuttal for the participation of the Armenian media in a· White • House-ethnic media meeting, Oct. · 18, 1983, to which no Turks ~ were invited. · · . To confirm the accuracy of this Turkish report, we contacted . Mr, Linas J. Kojelis, the Associate Director, Office of Publlc·Liaison, the White House. His name was mentioned in the Turkish News-· letter as· the person with .-horn the Turks made all the arrange- . ments. . , · · ·. · Mr. Kojelis revealed'that what he had set up for the Turks was a short briefing that all groups receive on a ,routine bas~s several , time!I a week. He laughed heartily when we mentioned .to him that ! the Turks are claiming this to be "a, historic", coriference and "a · rebuttal" for the October meeting. · . ' · · · , , Mr. Kojelis confirmed that after the October meeting, the ; ,.. .ATA-DC President, Mrs. Engin lnel Holstrom, wrote a letter to ,· President Reagan complaining that no Tutkish papers were invited . . to that meeting, She also claimed that the . "Turkish-Armenians . in this country may not be-large in numbers c~mpared to ottier ethnic . ; ·. minorities, but we are a unique group. Most of us are professionals, ~ such· as physicians, scientists; engineers,' ~rchitects, university · professors, etc. We pay high .taxes and ,greatly contribute ~ the.· ~1- scientific and technological advancement of this country, as well .-. :• as to its ilcadumic life and health care services ... ; ' i · · Mr. Kojt>lis responded to bet· letter· and invited her group' f to a briefing. He explained to us · over the phone that all ethnic i ~roups were welcome to such White . ·House briefings. He · said i experts fron. various fi_elds ~nd administration! officials \lSUally 1. brief the groups. He said he 1s aware that· there are only ;·o0,000 ; Turki!lh-Americ:ms in the U.S., "a tery. very small group." J 'try ' to spend more of my time on the larger ·ethnic groups, he added. : The Mav meetihg will be. the first such meeting witlf'- a .-Turkish 1 group. · ., · • ·; ·. '·· ·· • .. : · < · ~ Mr. Kojelis explahed that the ethnic media groups which ; included the Armenians met with the President,.whereas the Turkish ·' group will not. He said the briefing will last two hours. A staff person from the -National Security Council will · talk about U.S.- , Turkisb relations. someone from the Justice Department will talk i · ..a .hout t.errorism and ''civil rights violations of Turkish-Americans.'' , What tht.• Turks claimed they got fro~ the White House was • not th~t big of a deal, after all. However, we can draw several . conclusjons from the above episode: Turkish reports can not be trusted. and that the Turks are aggressively. pursuing all oppor- . 1 ·, tunities to.counter any gains by Armenians.· ,. ; ·., , \ >' . ·· · '--~1 ~ • • ~: I ~ f;'." • , ,:,i-• J;=" · • 1_ • , ~·) • ~ • ·:~ . ;·: LET'ALLSQUEAK . •. . . ··. . ··; ·: ~ ,._. · -::, '•';,. 4 . Th -? depressing part of the conversation with M~.' Kojelis . ; 'Y~s his ~omplaint that Armenians have totally ignored the existence . ; , 1 1 , -~ I ~is _offi_ce . "I ha~e _not been ~pproached by to? inany Armenian ' ~ ,,,:~amzattons for bnefmgs, meetings, etc.,''. he said. 1 The Turk!I approach the White House and get some attention • ~J . ! !~hatever it i'I worth). Armenians don't call, they •get nothing. : i '.1'he squeaky wheel gets the greace," said Mr. Kojelis to s_how the . ,· · difference between Turkish action and Armenian inaction. . · ", . .:· Maybe ou,· organizations were not even aware of some of · th~se opportunities. But we hope .that we don't leave the field . . to the Turks to do as they please and monopolize the White Ho~se ·. or any other institutions . .If ~hey do, we .have no one else to blame ,, than ourselves.• · · · ·· ; · · · · ·