Vo Unie 18, Nui Er I

Vo unie 18, Nui er I -

THE AMEMCAN JOURNAL

1.a"itoy's

* FIN : Gg` _ g . d. ^a, III RICHARDgg)FO'SJ-'ER g`

,Manag'ing Editor RENFE S KRA

YA1:.,E UNIVERSITY NEW H eAXEN CONNECTICUT] RADIOCARBON Editors: RICHARD FOSTER FLINT--J GORDON OGDEN, III-IRVING ROUSE-MINZE STUIVER Managing Editor: RENEE S KRA Published by THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Editors: JOHN RODGERS, JOHN H OSTROM, AND PHILLIP M ORVILLE Published three times a year, in Winter, Spring, and Summer, at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Subscription rate $45.00 (for institutions), $30.00 (for individuals), available only in whole volumes. All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor, RADIOCARBON, Box 2161, Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTRIBUTORS Manuscripts of radiocarbon papers should follow the recommendations in Sugges- tions to Authors, 5th ed.* All copy (including the bibliography) must be typewritten in double space. Manuscripts for vol 18, no. 3 must be submitted in duplicate before February 1, 1976, for vol 19, no. 1 before June 1, 1976. Descriptions of samples, in date lists, should follow as closely as possible the style shown in this volume. Each separate entry (date or series) in a date list should be considered an abstract, prepared in such a way that descriptive material is distinguished ft om geologic or archaeologic interpretation, but description and interpretation must be both brief and informative, emphasis placed on significant comments. Date lists should therefore not be preceded by abstracts, but abstracts of the more usual form should accompany all papers (eg, geochemical contributions) that are directed to specific problems. Each description should include the following data, if possible in the order given: 1. Laboratory number, descriptive name (ordinarily that of the locality of collection), and the date expressed in years BP (before present, ie, before AD 1950) and, for finite dates, in years AD/BC. The standard error following the date should express, within limits of ± 1, the laboratory's estimate of the accuracy of the radiocarbon measurement, as judged on physicochemical (not geologic or archaeologic) grounds. 2. Substance of which the sample is composed; if a plant or animal fossil, the scientific name if possible; otherwise the popular name; but not both. Also, where pertinent, the name of the person identifying the specimen. 3. Precise geographic location, including latitude-longitude coordinates. 4. Occurrence and stratigraphic position in precise terms; use of metric system exclusively. Stratigraphic sequences should not be included. However, references that contain them can be cited. 5. Reference to relevant publications. Citations within a description should be to author and year, with specific pages wherever appropriate. References to published date lists should cite the sample no., journal (R for Radiocarbon), years, vol, and specific page (eg, M-1832, R, 1968, v 10, p 97). Full bibliographic references are listed alphabetically at the end of the manuscript, in the form recommended in Suggestions to Authors. 6. Date of collection and name of collector. 7. Name of person submitting the sample to the laboratory, and name and address of institution or organization with which submitter is affiliated. 8. Comment, usually comparing the date with other relevant dates, for each of which sample numbers and references Inust be quoted, as prescribed above. Interpreti e material, summarizing the significance and implicity showing that the radiocarbon measurement was worth making, belongs here, as do technical matters, eg, chemical pretreatment, special laboratory difficulties, etc. Illustrations should not be included unless absolutely essential. They should be original drawings, although photographic reproductions of line drawings are sometimes acceptable, and should accompany the manuscript in any case, if the two dimensions exceed 30cm and 23cm. Reprints. Thirty copies of each article, without covers, will be furnished without cost. Additional copies and printed covers can be specially ordered. Back issues. Back issues (viols 1-9) are available at a reduced rate to subscribers at $52.00 a set, including postage; vols 10-14 are $20.00 each for individual subscribers and $30.00 for institutions; vols 15-18 are $30.00 each for individuals and $45.00 for institutions; single back issues $10.00 each; comprehensive index $10.00 each, * Suggestions to authors of the reports of the United States Geological Survey, 5th ed, Washington, DC, 1958 (Government Printing Office, $1.75). NOTICE TO READERS Half life of 'C. In accordance with the decision of the Fifth Radio- carbon Dating Conference, Cambridge, 1962, all dates published in this volume ( as in previous volumes ) are based on the Libby value, 5570 ± 30 yr, for the half life. This decision was reaffirmed at the 8th International Conference on Radiocarbon Dating, Wellington, New Zealand, 1972. Because of various uncertainties, when 14C measurements are expressed as dates in years BP the accuracy of the dates is limited, and refinements that take some but not all uncertainties into account may be misleading. The mean of three recent determinations of the half life, 5730 ± 40 yr, (Nature, v 195, no. 4845, p 984, 1962), is regarded as the best value presently available. Published dates in years BP, can be converted to this basis by multiplying them by 1.03. AD/BC dates. As agreed at the Cambridge Conference in 1962, AD 1950 is accepted as the standard year of reference for all dates, whether BP or in the AD/BC system. Meaning of 614C. In Volume 3, 1961, we indorsed the notation A (La- mont VIII, 1961) for geochemical measurements of 14C activity, corrected for isotopic fractionation in samples and in the NBS oxalic-acid standard. The value of 614C that entered the calculation of z was defined by reference to Lamont VI, 1959, and was corrected for age. This fact has been lost sight of, by editors as well as by authors, and recent papers have used 614C as the observed deviation from the standard. At the New Zealand Radiocarbon Dating Conference it was recommended to use b`14C only for age-corrected samples. Without an age correction, the value should then be reported as percent of modern relative to 0.95 NBS oxalic acid. (Proceedings 8th Conference on Radiocarbon Dating, Wellington, New Zealand, 1972.) In several fields, however, age corrections are not possible. 614C and D, uncorrected for age, have been used extensively in oceanography, and are an integral part of models and theories. For the present therefore we continue the editorial policy of using z notations for samples not corrected for age. Citations. A number of radiocarbon dates appear in publications without laboratory citation or reference to published date lists. We ask that laboratories remind submitters and users of radiocarbon dates to include proper citation (laboratory number and date-list citation) in all publications in which radiocarbon dates appear. Radiocarbon Measurements: Comprehensive Index, 1950.1965. This index, covering all published 14C measurements through Volume 7 of RADIOCARBON, and incorporating revisions made by all laboratories, has been published. It is available to all subscribers to RADIOCARBON at $10.00 US per copy. Publication schedule. Beginning with Volume 15, RADIOCARBON is published in three numbers: Winter, Spring, and Summer. The next deadline is February 1, 1976. Contributors who meet our deadlines will be given priority but not guaranteed publication in the following issue. List of laboratories. The comprehensive list of laboratories at the end of each volume now appears in the third number of each volume. Index. All dates appear in index form at the end of the third number of each volume. Volume 18, Number 1- 1976

RADIOCARBON

Published by

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE

Editors RICHARD FOSTER FLINT - J GORDON OGDEN, III IRVING ROUSE - MINZE STUIVER Managing Editor RENEE S KRA

YALE UNIVERSITY NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Vo118, No. 1 Radiocarbon 1976

CONTENTS

AU William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates I ...... 1 BM Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII ...... DAL J G Ogden, III and W C Hart Dalhousie University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I ...... Gd W Moscicki and A Zastawny Gliwice (Gdansk) Radiocarbon Dates III ...... Ly j Evin, G Marien, and Ch Pachiaudi Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI ...... PRL D P Agrawal, R V Krishnarnurthy, Sheela Kusumgar, and R K Pant Physical Research Laboratory Radiocarbon Date List I ...... SUA R Gillespie and R B Temple Sydney University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III ...... Tlri J M Punning, T Kakum, and R Ra jarnae Tallinn Radiocarbon Dates III ...... UM K L Eldridge, J J Stipp, and j Hattner University of Miami Radiocarbon Dates V ...... WIS Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson, and David A Baerreis University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XIII ...... WSU J C Sheppard and R M Chatters Washington State University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II 140 [RADIOCARBON, VoL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 1-15] Radiocarbon

1976

UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA RADIOCARBON DATES I WILLIAM S REEBURGH and M SPRINGER YOUNG Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701

INTRODUCTION The radiocarbon dating laboratory in the Institute of Marine Sci- ence at the University of Alaska was established in the fall of 1968 and became operational a year later. Most of the samples examined have been from Alaska and consist largely of wood and peat. The procedure currently used is based on liquid scintillation counting of benzene (Noakes et al, 1.965). Samples are examined for obvious contamination and are cleaned with hot .05 N NaOH and .1 N HCI. De- pending on the material, the cleaned samples are either combusted or dissolved in acid to produce CO2. The CO2 is reacted with molten lithium to form lithium carbide. The cooled lithium carbide is reacted with distilled water to form acetylene, which is cleaned and placed on a vanadium-alumina catalyst to form benzene. Yields approach 90%. Following dilution to constant volume with spectrochemical grade benzene, the samples are counted in modified 5cc vials in a Picker Liqui- mat 220 liquid scintillation counter. The background is 4cpm and counting efficiency is 630. Ages are calculated using a '4C half-life of 5568 years, using 95% of the activity of NBS oxalic acid as the contemporary standard, and using petroleum-derived benzene for background determinations. The results are not corrected for 13C fractionation. Ages are quoted with a l counting error, which includes variations in the sample, background, and contemporary standard counts. Samples whose count rate is less than four times the background standard deviation are reported as greater than the age calculated using four times the background standard deviation as the sample activity. We have begun compiling a computer index of Alaska, Yukon Ter- ritory, and British Columbia radiocarbon dates. This index can be searched using a number of input parameters, such as age ranges, loca- tions, and floral, faunal, or cultural associations. We welcome inquiries about the index and will appreciate assistance in keeping it current.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS J E Noakes and J P Cook supplied previously dated samples for use as interlaboratory check samples. I Frohne assisted with programming and computing, and F H Wilson and T D Hamilton compiled the computer index. Descriptive material about the samples was supplied by the

1 2 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young submitters. Financial support by the State of Alaska is gratefully acknowl- edged. Institute of Marine Science contribution number 253. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. INTERLABORATORY CHECK SAMPLES Reported AU no. AU date Sample date AU-1 >31,000 ORIN5-20 >34,000 v 9, 309-315 AU-2 4119±137 p UGa-75 3540± 65 v 16, p 131-141 AU-3 1004 ± 165 UGa-70 50 cit, AU-2 AU-4 979 ± 104 UGa-72 50 cit, above AU-5 ± 24,656 1371 UGa-16 1010 1971, v 13, p 468-474 AU-6 10,434 ± 279 SI-739 210 1973, v 15, p 388-424 GX-2175 8465 ± 360 1975 AU-7 ± 9640 373 SI-737 210 1973, v 15, p 388-424 GX-2174 9895 ± 210 1975 AU-8 ± 9401 528 SI-738 155 v 15, p 388-424 GX-2159 6645 ± 280 1975

II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES The following series of samples were coil 1969 to 1974 and subm by T D Hamilton, Geol Dept, Univ Alaska. Ballaine Lake, Fairbanks, Alaska series Sphagnnur and sedge peat from trenches in a peat bog .97km E of Ballaine Lake (64° 52.4' N, 147° 48' W). 5995 ± 305 AU-11. Birch log 4045 BC Sec A, from paleosol at 175cm depth. 5370 ± 135 AU-12. Birch log 3420 BC Sec A, from paleosol at 175cm depth. Duplicate to sample AU-11. 1065 ± 135 AU-13. Silty peat AD 885 Sec A, from paleosol at 30cm depth. 2705 ± 260 AU-14. Peat 755 BC Sec A, from partly stripped surface peat. 6275 ± 485 AU-15. Peat 4325 BC Sec A, from paleosol at 130cm depth. 2180 ± 55 AU-16. Sphagnum peat 230 BC Sec 1, .6m deep in trough above ice wedge. University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates 1 3 890 ± 175 AU-17. Sedge peat AD 1060 Sec 1, .5m deep in trough above ice wedge. 3325 ± 195 AU-19. Woody peat 1375 BC Sec 2, 2m deep peripheral to ice wedge. 3430 ± 175 AU-20. Woody peat 1480 BC Sec 2, l.lm deep peripheral to ice wedge. 2640 ± 90 AU-22. Woody peat 690 BC Sec 2, .6m deep peripheral to ice wedge. 4295 ± 405 AU-23. Woody peat 2345 BC Sec 2, .8m deep peripheral to ice wedge. 3285 ± 585 AU-24. Sedge peat 1335 BC Sec 2, .6m deep in trough above ice wedge. 1380 ± 155 AU-25. Sedge peat AD 570 Sec 2, .5m deep in trough above ice wedge. 445 ± 150 AU-26. Sedge peat AD 1505 Sec 2, 3m deep in trough above ice wedge. 300 ± 145 AU-27. Sedge peat AD 1650 Sec 2, .3m deep in trough above ice wedge. General Comment: dates Holocene peat succession assoc with growth and thaw of ice wedges. Alatna Valley, Brooks Range, Alaska Pleistocene bluff exposure, E bank of Alatna R 24.1km below river head (67° 43' N, 154° 56' W). From fluvial sand and gravel of river bluff well below depth of modern weathering and soil formation (Hamilton, 1974a). Coll 1968; subm 1972. AU-45. Alatna River >29,000 Sandy peat and humic sands, 20.7m above river level overlying dia- micton of Late Wisconsin or Early Holocene age. AU-46. Alatna River >28,000 Detrital wood, 12.2m above river level, underlying AU-45. AU-47. Alatna River >31,000 Large piece of detrital wood, 9.1m above river level, underlying AU-46. 4 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young General Comment: AU-46 and -47 postdate major valley-cutting by glacier ice but antedate final episode of glaciation here. AU-45 date is either an error or reflects redeposition of older organic material following last glaciation of region. Ambler Valley, Brooks Range, Alaska Detrital wood and peat from Fernald's Exposure 6 (Fernald, 1964), S bank of Ambler R, 12.9km upvalley from the Redstone R confluence (67° 08' N, 157° 22' W) (Hamilton, 1974a). Coll 1968; subm 1972. AU-37. Ambler River >30,000 Detrital wood from well drained gravel alluvium beneath Late Wis- consin outwash; 14.33m above river level. AU-38. Ambler River >29,000 Detrital wood from well drained gravel alluvium beneath Late Wis- consin outwash, 2.44m above river level. 10,220 ± 490 AU-39. Ambler River 8270 BC Silty peat and detrital wood from base of postglacial deposits, .3m above base of capping unit. AU-40. Ambler River Wood and peat from base of postglacial deposit, base of .91m capping unit. 8255 ± 1045 AU-40B. Peat 6305 BC 7475 ± 705 AU-40C. Peat 5525 BC Comment: AU-40 was divided into 3 secs at request of T D H. Two are presented here. General Comment: this series brackets Late Wisconsin glaciation in Ambler Valley, and provides limiting dates for Early Wisconsin glaciation and postglacial stream incision. Redstone River, Brooks Range, Alaska Detrital wood and peat from the W bank of Redstone R. Found in bluffs of fluvial sand and gravel well below depth of modern weathering and soil formation (Hamilton, 1974a). Coll 1968; subm 1972. 5510 ± 435 AU-41. Redstone River 3560 BC Exposure 5. Detrital wood, 10.5km N of mouth of Redstone R (67° 14' N, 157° 38' W), 2.13m below surface of postglacial alluvial succession, 4.87m above river level. University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates 1 5 6610 ± 350 AU-42. Redstone River 4660 BC Exposure 5. Detrital wood, 2.44m below surface of postglacial alluvial succession, 4.57m above river level. AU-43. Redstone River >29,000 Exposure 9. Detrital wood, 6.4km N of the mouth of Redstone R (67° 12' N, 157° 34' W), below Late Wisconsin advance outwash and till, 4.27m above river level. AU-44. Redstone River >31,000 Exposure 17. Detrital peat and wood, 3.2km N of the mouth of Red- stone R (67° 10' N, 157° 34' W), below Late Wisconsin outwash, 6.71 to 7.01 m above river level. General Comment: samples provide limiting dates for termination and beginning of Late Wisconsin glaciation in the Redstone Valley. Killik Valley, Brooks Range, Alaska Peat and detrital wood from late glacial and postglacial sediments, fluvial, aeolian, and lacustrine sand in river bluff exposures, well below depth of modern weathering zone and soil profiles (Hamilton, 1974a). Coil 1968; subm 1972. 1970 ± 175 AU-48. Killik River 20 BC Exposure 11. Detrital wood, W bank of Killik R, 4km below Easter Creek confluence (68° 09' N, 154° 10' W), near exposed base of postglacial fluvial succession, 1.4m above river level. 2410 ± 190 AU-50. Killik River 460 BC Exposure 16. Sedge peat, W bank of Killik R, 4.8km below Easter Creek confluence (68° 09' N, 154° 08' W), near base of postglacial aeolian- lacustrine succession, .6m above river level. 1740 ± 120 AU-52. Killik River AD 210 Exposure 20, E end. Rooted willow stump in growth position from N bank of Killik R, immediately S of Lake Udrivik (68° 30' N, 154° 01' W). From 6.lm above river level within aeolian sand, overlying pond and bog sediments. 8505 ± 215 AU-53. Killik River 6555 BC Exposure 20, central. Detrital wood from within pond and bog unit beneath aeolian sand, 2.4m above river level. General Comment: samples provide limiting dates on Late Wisconsin glacial recession from Killik Valley. They date postglacial lake formation and destruction, aeolian episodes, and stream incision to modern level. 6 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young Sagavanirktok Valley, Brooks Range, Alaska Detrital wood, mostly willow and some dwarf birch assoc with Late Wisconsin glacial readvances. Found within exposures of stratified alluvial sediments of stream terraces. Coll and subm 1972. 11,760 ± 200 AU-69. Sagavanirktok River 9810 BC Exposure 1, Unit 6. Wood from W bank of Sagavanirktok R 12.1km upstream from Atigun R confluence (68° 24' N, 148° 58' W). Lies near base of postglacial alluvial succession. 11,890 ± 200 AU-70. Sagavanirktok River 9940 BC Exposure 2, Unit 2. Wood from N bank of the river, 4km above Atigun R confluence (68° 28' N, 149° 01' W), 3.05m below top of Unit 2 within an alluvial succession confined behind a moraine of Late Wis- consin readvance. 12,170 ± 270 AU-71. Sagavanirktok River 10,220 BC Exposure 4, Unit 3. Peat and small twigs, W bank of river, .5km above Accomplishment Creek (68° 41' N, 148° 55' W), within basal .61m of Unit 3, composed of bedded fluvial sand beneath outwasll of Late Wisconsin readvance. 12,780 ± 440 AU-72. Sagavanirktok River 10,830 BC Exposure 5. Unsorted muck clots and pebbles, S bank of Ribdon R, 4km upvalley from its confluence with Sagavanirktok R (68° 46' N, 148° 45' W). From top of outwash gravel overlying glacial-lacustrine sediments. Postdates major Late Wisconsin readvance in this area, antedates stream incision to present level. General Comment: series defines a major glacial readvance ca 12,000 yr ago in Sagavanirktok Valley. Olson Basin Sheet Solifluction, Alaska Buried peat at AS-84, Sta 892, left 22.86m from center line of Trans Alaska Pipeline in Qlson Basin (66° 25' N, 150° 35' W) (Hamilton, 1974b). Coll and subm 1974. 1530 ± 200 AU-110. Olson Basin AD 420 Peat, largely old root mat, paleosol overridden by solifluction. 615 ± 150 AU-111. Olson Basin AD 1335 Bryophytic peat, largely sphagnum, paleosol at front of solifluction feature. General Comment: indicates interval during which this slope has remained virtually stable. University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates I 7 9055 ± 160 AU-94. Nenana Valley, Alaska 7105 BC Peat from a road cut in new hwy grade at S approach to Nenana R crossing, .3km SW of McKinley Village (63° 39.5' N, 148° 50' W). Sample is from 2m below a dozer-scarred surface, at base of peat fill within a kettle-like depression on the surface of the Carlo outwash train. Coil and subm 1973. General Comment: sample postdates Carlo readvance in the Nenana Val- ley (Wahrhaf tig, 1958). Kvichak Peninsula series, Alaska Coil by D M Hopkins and Chindi Hopkins, USGS, i\Ienlo Park, Cali- fornia June 1972 and subm Feb 1973 by D M Hopkins. Pollen analyses by R E Giterman, Geol Inst Acad Sci USSR, Moscow (written commun, July 1974). 12,420 ± 400 AU-79. Detrital peat 10,470 BC Shore bluffs near Lake Point, E coast Kvichak Peninsula, Naknek C-6 Quad (58 ° 14.7' N, 157 ° 48' W). Peaty zone covered by aeolian sand and loess 5m thick and underlain by fluvial gravel and then by glaciomarine dimicton. Comment: sample dates beginning of dune formation on Kvichak Peninsula. Pollen spectrum indicates herbaceous tundra vegetation. AU-80. Detrital peat >31,000 Shore bluffs near Lake Point, W shore Kvichak Bay, Naknek C-6 Quad (58° 41.3' N, 157° 13.5' W). From zone of detrital peat overlain by dimicton and gravel ca 3m thick and then by aeolian sand 4.5m thick and underlain by glaciomarine dimicton >6m thick. Comment: date is minimum for glaciomarine dimicton exposed in many places along shores of Kvichak Peninsula. This seems to correspond to Halfmoon Bay Glacia- tion of Muller (1952). Pollen in peat horizon suggests herbaceous tundra vegetation with widespread sedge marshes, id by R E Giterman.

Shore bluffs, S end Kvichak Peninsula .6km S of Etolin Point, Nushagak C-1 Quad (58° 38.6' N, 157° 17.5' W). This series consists of peat intercalated with loess. Lower in bluffs is fluvial sand (probably outwash) ca 4m thick underlain by dimicton (probably glaciomarine) at least 3m thick. 7600 ± 100 AU-81. Humified peat, depth .5m 5650 BC 12,760 ± 300 AU-82. Sedge peat, depth 1.5m 10,810 BC AU-83. Humified peat, depth 3.5m >33,000 8 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young AU-84. Humified peat, depth 4m >33,000 Comment: AU-83 and -84 establish minimum age of dimicton evi- dently representing Halfmoon Bay Glaciation of Muller (1952). AU-83 and -84 represent a widespread horizon of peaty silt. AU-83 contains pollen suggestive of herbaceous tundra with significant quantities of Artemesia. AU-84 is similar but contains a small quantity of dwarf-birch pollen. AU-82 was coil from a higher widespread peat horizon underlain by thick loess and overlain by thin loess; age and pollen spectra suggest correlation with detrital peat buried by dune sand from which AU-79 was coll. AU-81 was coil at base of surficial peat; its age is minimum for end of loess deposition. Pollen spectrum includes some spruce, dwarf birch, and abundant alder indicating shrub-tundra vegetation with forest nearby. Shore bluffs along W coast Kvichak Peninsula N of Etolin Point, Nushagak C-1 Quad (58° 38.6' N, 157° 17.5' W). Samples were coil from peaty beds intercalated with loess as at site yielding AU-81 to -84, but -87 is underlain by an additional lm loess and then by dimicton which is probably glaciomarine.

6330 ± 150 AU-86. Fibrous peat, depth lm 4380 sc

AU-87. Fibrous peat, depth 5m >29,000 Comment: series confirms that the glaciomarine dimicton of the Kvichak Peninsula (Halfmoon Bay Glaciation of l\Tuller, 1952) is of Early Wis- consin age. The pollen spectrum assoc with AU-87 is similar to the pollen spectrum with AU-82. The peat layer represented by AU-86 is overlain by a thin loess layer and was assumed in the field to be correlated with AU-81. However, the pollen spectrum is similar to pollen from AU-81 and radiocarbon dating confirms that the peat is of Early Holocene age.

AU-88. Peaty silt >30,000 Shore bluffs at Etolin Point, Kvichak Peninsula, Nushagak C-1 Quad (58° 38.5' N, 158° 13' W). Sample coil from lenses of peaty silt that probably represent ice-wedge pseudomorphs. Covered by 2m aeolian sand and loess and incised into dimicton; probably is glaciomarine. Comment: date is minimum for dimicton. AU-89. Peat >30,000 Shore bluffs at S coast Kvichak Peninsula, Nushagak C-1 Quad (58° 37.2' N, 157° 13.5' W). Sample coil in basal beds of a 12m sec stratified peaty silt consisting mostly of pond deposits. Underlain by glaciomarine dimicton > l Om thick. Comment: date is minimum for dimicton (Mak Hill Glaciation of Muller, 1952). University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates I Baldwin Peninsula Mammoth site, Alaska +2400 26,900 -3400 AU-90. Twigs and peaty debris 24,900 BC Coastal bluffs on W coast of Baldwin Peninsula, Kotzebue C-1 Quad (66° 36.9' N, 162° 8' W). Coil July 1971 by D M Hopkins and 0 M Petrov. Subm Jan 1973 by D 1VI Hopkins. Sample coil in thaw-lake deposits probably of Wisconsin age underlain by glacial drift of Nome River (Illinoian) Glaciation. Regional geology is described by McCulloch et al (1965) and 1VIcCulloch (1967). Comment: sample dates a mammoth skeleton buried at same horizon in pond sediment. Pollen indicates shrub tundra rich in dwarf birch but lacking alder or spruce and thus suggests deposition during an interstadial interval. Id by R E Giterman (written commun, July 1974). Seward Peninsula, Alaska 5170 ± 265 AU-109. Twigs 3220 BC Coastal bluffs on shore of Port Clarence ca .6km SW of Teller Vil- lage, Teller B-3 Quad (65° 15' 05" N, 166° 23' 25" W). Coil July 1973 by D M Hopkins and R E Nelson, and subm Oct 1973 by D M Hopkins. Sample consists of twigs in thickened peat sec filling ice-wedge pseudomorph covered by ca 4m colluvial peaty silt. Pseudomorph is intruded into underlying beach sediments (aeolian sand and pebbly sand of beach facies) of Pelukian or Sangamon age. Comment: ice-wedge interpreted in the field as recording an early Wisconsinan interstadial warming. Radio- carbon determination indicates, however, that the ice-wedge pseudomorph formed during early Holocene time. 19,900 ± 800 AU-112. Bulk peat 17,900 BC Bluff at 'W-most tip of thaw-lake which lies ca i.2km SE of Whitefish Lake, Kotzebue B-6 Quad (66° 21' 35" N, 164° 42' 30" W). Coil and subm June 1973 by D 11/I Hopkins. Sample consists of organic duff (twigs, fossil grass stems) at top of soil developed in loess. The soil and duff were buried by an ashfall from eruption of South Devil Mountain Lake maar (unpub studies by D M Hopkins) and is now represented by basaltic tephra ca 2m thick. Tephra layer is covered by 2.5m loess and aeolian sand and then by a few cm ash from eruption of North Devil Mountain Lake and finally by ca lm aeolian sand and modern turf. Comment: sample was coil to establish more precise dating for eruption of South Devil Mountain Lake. Previous unpub dating in other sees showed that South Devil Mountain Lake erupted between 14,500 and 10,400 yr ago. 10 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young 7070 ± 145 AU-113. Wood 5120 BC Cut-bank in outlet stream of North Killeak Lake ca .4km SE of lake shore, Kotzebue B-5 Quad (66° 16' 21" N, 164° 01' 25" W). Coil and subm July 1973 by D M Hopkins. Sample consists of large stems of Salix, Betula, and Alnus chiseled from frozen gravel at base of oldest and highest beach ridge of North Killeak Lake. Id by Virginia Page, Stanford Univ, and R C Koeppen, Forest Products Lab. Comment: lack of loess on beach ridges indicated that they are much younger than the maar crater occupied by North Killeak Lake, which Hopkins' unpub studies indicate as forming during or before early Wisconsin time. Lake level declined and underwent tilting during deposition of a sequence of ice-push ridges that form beach-like terraces around the margins of the lake basin. Ice-push ridges probably developed following deposition of large amounts of tephra from North Devil Mountain Lake early in Holocene time. Sample date is maximum for tilting of basin of Killeak Lake, minimum for eruption of North Devil Mountain Lake maar. Sample also helps date colonization of Seward Peninsula by alder, since Alnus pollen and wood are lacking in deposits as young as 8200 yr old according to unpub wood identifications by Vir- ginia Page, and unpub palynologic determinations by C E Schweger, Univ Alberta. AU-28. Alaska Pipeline Roadway >30,000 Wood, Trans Alaska Pipeline Roadway, ca 3.2km S of Hess Creek bridge, in cut sec through permafrost (65° 39' N, 149° 0' W), sample from depth 2.44m in ice-rich, perennially frozen organic silt. Coil and subm 1970 by D C Esch, Alaska Dept Hwys, to determine age of material and rate of deposition. Comment: slope is 10° to 15° to NE, the active layer is ca .6l m thick. AU-36. Kenai River, Alaska >30,000 Organic portion (mostly wood with silt and mineral matter) of wash sample from unlogged strata, Kenai R, B-43032, PTL-3 (60° 31' N, 151° 13' W), depth 30.79 to 32m. Coll and subm 1971 by G E Utermohle, Jr, Alaska Dept Hwys, State Materials Lab, College, Alaska to determine age of deposition to evaluate foundation characteristics of strata. 1760 ± 280 AU-58. Conception Bay, Newfoundland AD 191 Shell (Yoldia limatula) id by R M Slatt, Conception Bay (47° 36.1' N, 53° 6.1' W), core, Con 46, 15.24cm depth. Coll and subm 1972 by R M Slatt, Dept Geol, Memorial Univ, Newfoundland. Comment: small sample size gave difficulty during synthesis. 4120 ± 190 AU-91. Simpson Lagoon, Alaska 2170 BC Tundra, Simpson Lagoon, 300m SE of small spit marking W boundary of channel between Egg and Long Island (70° 26.42' N, 148° University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates 1 11 47.1' W), from near shore, shallow arctic lagoon ca 2m below Lagoon floor. Comment: should date post-Wisconsin inundation of land surface. 3465 ± 290 AU-92. Beauf ort Sea, Alaska 1515 BC Shell material (Portlandia arctica, Portlandia intermedia, Astarte borealis, Astarte montagui "ty pica", Corn phina f luctuosa, Cyrtodaria sp, Macoma bath ica, Cyclichna occulta, Solariella sp), Beaufort Sea (700 33.72' N, 1490 27.3' W) from base of Holocene offshore sediments. Id by R Rowland, USGS. Comment: should date post-Wisconsin transgression, or depth of modern re-working. AU-91 and -92 were coll and subm 1972 by E Reimitz, USGS, Menlo Park, California. 7670 ± 190 AU-64. Johnson River, Alaska 5720 BC Detrital peat from bottom of core raised from Johnson River Bog, .12km NW of Johnson River Bridge, on SW side of Alaska Hwy, Tanana Valley, Alaska (63° 42' 40" N, 144° 39' W). Core site is near center of bog, adjacent to a small open water pond. The bog is in a depression on Don- nelly (Wisconsin) glacial drift. Radiocarbon date is minimum for recession of Donnelly-age ice. Dated core interval: 291 to 310cm. Peat is probably underlain by loess-capped Donnelly till. 10,910 ± 510 AU-93. Birch Lake, Alaska 8960 BC Sediment core of silty lacustrine mud from Birch Lake, Tanana Valley, Alaska (64° 19' N, 146° 40' W). Low organic content of sediments accounts for large counting error. Sample was selected to approximate date of arrival of spruce in the middle Tanana Valley, based upon pollen analysis of the core. Sample interval from core was 244 to 270cm (Birch Lake Core I). Pollen diagram and interpretation in Ager (1975). Com- ment: AU-64 and -93 were coil and subm 1973 by Thomas Ager, Inst Polar Studies, Ohio State Univ, Columbus, Ohio. The following samples, AU-59-114, were coil 1972-1974 and subm by J H Anderson, Inst Arctic Biol, Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, and M 11I Miller, Foundation for Glacier and Environmental Research, Dept Geol, Michi- gan State Univ, East Lansing.

AU-59. Boulder Creek, Atlin region, British Columbia >31,000 Indurated peat; lower Boulder Creek, .6km S of Boulder Creek bridge, N shore of Surprise Lake, NE of Atlin (59° 38' N, 133° 24' W); from peat .10 to .20m thick at base of compacted glacial till on W bank of Boulder Creek, near floor of valley, beneath second till sequence from surface. Comment: an important site in determining glacial chronology of Atlin Valley area. 12 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young AU-77A. Cathedral Glacier, Atlin region, British 3470 ± 90 Columbia 1522 BC Silty peat; lower foreland of Cathedral Glacier, ca .6km below terminus at alt 1463m on Cathedral Mt, near S end of Torres Channel, Atlin Lake (590 21' N, 134° 04' W); site between 2 recessional glacial moraines, each probably Early Holocene, near present outwash stream; from lower part of peaty layer resting on material of high silt, sand, and gravel and low organic matter content, 20 to 25cm below surface. Comment: possibly subject to infrequent flooding and silt deposition, represents organic development during thermal maximum interval. General Comment: sample will help date geobotanic evolution of Atlin area; no other dates from this site, which is especially interesting from the standpoint of glacial stratigraphy, vegetation, and accessibility. 1195 ± 150 AU-100. Mendenhall Glacier Terminus, Alaska AD 753 Fossil wood; 8.1km NE of Juneau airport (58° 25' N, 134° 38' W); buried in 1968 moraine ca 9m from 1973 ice front, NW side of glacier front. Comment: overridden forest floor material, covered by Neoglacial ice advance and subsequently uncovered by downwastage and retreat of ice ca 1968 to 1970. Sample id as Tsuga sp, possible T heterophylla, presently abundant here. Id by R B Miller, Center for Wood Anatomy Re- search, USDA, Madison, Wisconsin. General Comment: extended interpretations into recently uncovered part of the Mendenhall Glacier Valley. 3090 ± 170 AU-107. Palsa Bogs, Atlin region, British Columbia 1140 BC Icy peat in palsa in high lat cold bog in upper Fourth of July Creek Valley ca 40.2km NE of Atlin (59° 50' N, 133° 20' W). Organic deposition uplift in palsa (hydrolaccalith) formation. Comment: basal twigs from palsas in upper palsa zone at alt ca 1036m were dated at 8050 ± 530 yr BP, GX2694 and 9315 ± 540 yr BP, GX2695 (Miller and Anderson, 1974, p 211, 217). General Comment: to extend dating of start of palsa development into lower, W part of upper Fourth of July Valley. 7810 ± 120 AU-108. Gastineau Channel, Alaska 5860 BC Fossil wood near Glacier Hwy opposite Lemon Creek Valley, E side of channel (50° 20' N, 134° 30' W), from base of hwy excavation in solid peat and forest litter horizon, at sea level, slightly above, ± .6m but not above periodic high tide zone, in epeirogenic uplift (coastal rebound) area. General Comment: useful in establishing Holocene geobotanic chronology in Juneau area. University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates 1 13 AU-114. McKee Creek, Atlin region, British Columbia >36,000 Wood fragments, Vesnaver Mine, lower McKee Creek, Atlin region, NW British Columbia (590 28' N, 133° 34' W), from bedrock-till interface in mine tunnel. General Cornment: will help date onset of Wisconsin glaciation, and it might corroborate a date from a similar stratigraphic position elsewhere in region (see AU-59). Hidden Lake, Alaska Cores taken from lake ca 51.5km E-SE of Delta Junction, ca 3.2km E of S end of Healy Lake, Mt Hayes D-2 Quad. Coll 1970 and subm 1971 by j H Anderson, Inst Arctic Biol, Univ Alaska, Fairbanks. 4870 ± 220 AU-32. Hidden Lake, South, P-511 2920 BC Silt with minor admixture of fine-grained organic particles; from S end of Hidden Lake (63° 5.6' N, 144° 39.5' W); 44 to 49cm in core, extrapolated to 57.5 to 64cm depth below sediment surface assuming linear compaction rate. 4530 ± 95 AU-33. Hidden Lake, Middle, P-545 2580 BC Muck; in middle of Hidden Lake (63° 56.9' N, 144° 39.5' W); 28 to 33cm in core, extrapolated to 48.4 to 57cm depth below sediment surface assuming linear compaction rate. 3020 ± 155 AU-34. Hidden Lake, North, P-570 1070 BC Silt with minor admixture of fine-grained organic particles; at N end near shore of Hidden Lake (63° 57.4' N, 144° 39.5' W): 41.5 to 46.5cm in core, extrapolated to 47.6 to 53cm depth below sediment surface assuming linear compaction rate. General Comment: to help develop an absolute chronology of geobotanic events as determined by palynology (Anderson, 1975). El Dorado Creek Tributary, Alaska El Dorado Creek Tributary (65° 03' N, 147° 31' W). Coil and subm 1973 by K Sieh, Woodward-Lundgren and Assoc, Oakland, California. 5130 ± 215 AU-101. Muck 3 3680 BC Solid wood, twigs, 4.57 to 2.13m, ca 10 to 15cm above loess/muck. 880 ± 155 AU-102. Muck 4 AD 1071 Peaty stratified mulch, 4.88 to 1.37m; 6cm above muck. 14 William S Reeburgh and M Springer Young 395 ± 150 AU-104. Muck 6 AD 1555 Fibrous mat of leaves (willow and/or birch and aspen), from continuous grassy horizon 2.54 to 10cm thick from vertical exposed banks; 18 ± 1.52m above Muck 3 and 4. 475 ± 165 AU-105. Muck 7 AD 1475 Stalk of shrub-sized woody plant in growth position, in grass deposit above first muck deposit, 19.51 ± 1.07m. 1294 ± 136 AU-106. Muck 8 AD 656 Pieces of wood, twigs.

III. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Alaska Old Fish Camp (Delaguna, 1947, p 61-64) 35.4km upstream from mouth of Khotohl R (64° 12' 38" N, 158° 30' 42" W). Coll and subm 1972 by J Dixon, Dept Anthropol, Brown Univ, Providence, Rhode Island. 485 ± 95 AU-66. Old Fish Camp, 72.70.189 AD 1463 Ash and bone, House # 1, hearth, 10cm deep into hearth, (ca 50cm) N6, W4 quad. Comment: assoc with stone and bones, bird and small animal, fish vertebrae, and shell. 65 ± 115 AU-68. Old Fish Camp, 72-70.173 AD 1884 Charcoal, House #1 ("house cut") N6, W6 quad. Comment: believed to be refuse dumped into old house pit, should date younger than house proper, precontact, Athabascan, earliest occupation unknown. General Comment: both radiocarbon dates, AU-66 and -68, are consistent with known historic accounts of archaeologic site (Old Fish Camp) from which samples came. Historically site was abandoned during the mid- 1800's, well within error of AU-68, which should date to approx this period. AU-66 was recovered stratigraphically below AU-68 and conse- quently must date a period of occupation prior to AU-68. Dates of both samples are therefore consistent with archaeologic and historic data. REFtIu:NCEs Ager, T A, 1975, Late Quaternary environmental history of the Tanana Valley, Alaska: Ohio State University, Ph D dissert. Anderson, J H, 1975, A palynological study of Late Holocene vegetation and climate in the Healy Lake area, Alaska: Arctic v 28, p 62-69. DeLaguna, 1947, Prehistory of northern North America as seen from the Yukon: Soc for Am Archeol #, p 61-64. Fernald, A T, 1964, Surficial geology of the central Kobuk River Valley, northwestern Alaska: U S Geol Survey Bull 1181-K, p Kl -K31. Hamilton, T D, 1974a, Quaternary geology of the Ambler and Killik regions, Brooks Range, Alaska: unpub final rept, N S F Grant GA-1536, 55 p. 1974b, Final report, Alyeska solifluction study (proj TE-7 solifluction; contract TAPS/ 1175). University of Alaska Radiocarbon Dates I 15 McCulloch, I) S, 1967, Quaternary geology of the Alaskan shore of Chukchi Sea; in: D M Hopkins (ed), The Bering Land Bridge: Stanford, California, Stanford Univ Press, p 91-1.20. McCulloch, D S, Taylor, D W, and Rubin, Meyer, 1965, Stratigraphy, non-marine mollusks, and radiometric dates from Quaternary deposits in the Kotzebue Sound area, western Alaska: Jour Geology, v 73, no. 3, p 442-452. Miller, M M an i Anderson, J H, 1974, Pleistocene-Holocene sequences in the Alaska- Canada boundary range: Alaskan Glacier Commem Proj, Phase IV Nat Geog Soc Research rept, 1967 Proj, 27 p. Muller, E H, 1952, The glacial geology of the Naknek District, the Bristol Bay region, Alaska: Univ Illinois, Ph D thesis, 98 p. Noakes, J E and Brandau, B L, 1971, University of Georgia radiocarbon dates I: Radiocarbon, v 13, p 468-474. 1974, University of Georgia radiocarbon dates III: Radiocarbon, v 16, p 131- 141. Noakes, J E, Kim, S M, and Akers, L K, 1967, Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies dates I: Radiocarbon, v 9, p 309-315. Noakes, J E, Kim, S M, and Stipp, J J, 1965, Chemical and counting advances in liquid scintillation radiocarbon dating. 6th internatl conf on radiocarbon and tritium dating, Proc, Pullman, Washington, USAE rept CONF-650652, p 68-92. Pewe, T L, 1975, Quaternary stratigraphic nomenclature in unglaciated central Alaska: U S Geol Survey Prof Paper 862, p 26. Stuckenrath, Robert and Mielke, J E, Smithsonian Institution radiocarbon dates VIII: Radiocarbon, v 15, p 388-424. Wahrhaftig, C A, 1958, Quaternary geology of the Nenana River Valley and adjacent parts of the Alaska Range: U S Geol Survey Prof Paper 293A, 68 p. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 16-42] BRITISH MUSEUM NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS VIII RICHARD BURLEIGH, ANDREW HEWSON, and NIGEL MEEKS Research Laboratory, The British Museum, London WC 1 B 3DG The following list consists entirely of dates for archaeologic samples from the British Isles measured since about mid-1970 up to June 1974*. The dates were obtained by liquid scintillation counting of benzene using a Model 3315 Packard Tricarb Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer. In general, procedures are as described in the previous date list (R, 1971, v 13, p 157; see also Burleigh, 1972). However, data processing was improved by means of a real-time link with a Hewlett Packard 2100A computer having 32K of core, which accepts readings from the counter at the end of each individual counting period. The computer monitors the accumulated sample counts and reports when the statistical error terms of these have reached previously chosen limits; final dates are then obtained on supplying the appropriate benzene sample weights and isotopic fractionation values. The system maintains a permanent record of all the data obtained from measurement of samples and reference standards and gives warning of any serious changes in counter performance. A full description of the capabilities of this system is given elsewhere (Hall and Hewson, in press). Finally, improvements were made to the bomb used for initial combustion of sample materials (Burleigh, 1974) and a new, stainless-steel, lithium reaction furnace (similar to that described by Polach and Stipp, 1967) was recently installed. Raw sample materials are systematically pretreated with dilute acid and alkali; but only collagen is used for antler and bone. The dates, relative to AD 1950, are based on the Libby half-life of 5570 years, are corrected for isotopic fractionation (relative to the PDB standard), and are expressed in radiocarbon years uncorrected for natural 14C variations. NBS oxalic acid is used as the modern reference standard. Descriptions, comments, and references to publications are based on information supplied by the persons who submitted the samples. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the continued guidance and helpful criticism and advice of H Barker. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. British Isles 5730 ± 150 BM-91. High Rocks, Kent 3780 BC Charcoal from Layer 2 (Period III) of Site F at High Rocks, Tun- bridge Wells, Kent, England (51° 07' N, 0° 14' E, Nail Grid Ref TQ * Dates obtained over the same period for samples from other geographic regions form the next list, British Museum IX.

16 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 17 553420). Assoc with Mesolithic flints and Ebbsfleet pottery (Money, 1960; 1962). Coil 1956 and subm by J H Money. Comment: date omitted in error from previous lists; see also BM-40, 5660 ± 150, 3710 BC (R, 1959, v 1, p 85). General Comment (JHM): BM-40 and -91 bracket 6 of the 7 hearths, most of the flints of Mesolithic type and the main concentration of pottery found at Site F, which appear to be components of a pottery-using Wealden culture of ca 3 700 Be inhabiting rock shelters and characterized by hunting rather than agriculture. 3738 ± 55 BM-287. Amesbury Bell Barrow, Wiltshire 1788 BC Carbonized wood from Amesbury Bell Barrow (G.51) near Amesbury, Wiltshire, England (51° 10' N, 01° 47' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 115428). Sample from remains of tapered wooden board covering a contracted adult human burial under crown of barrow assoc with "A" necked beaker and other artifacts (Annable, 1961). Coil 1960 and subm by P Ashbee, Univ East Anglia. Comment (PA): date accords well with series of indirect radiocarbon dates for this beaker group (Clarke, 1970, v 1, p 223; v 2, p 382, 501). Minepit Wood series, Sussex Charcoal from early iron working site at Minepit Wood (Orznash), Withyham, Sussex, England (51° 06' N, 0° 10' E, Natl Grid Ref TQ 523338). Coil 1966 and 1967 and subm by J H Money. 492 ±48 BM-362. Minepit Wood, Sussex AD 1458 Charcoal (C. 101) assoc with layer of iron ore which had been prepared for firing. 534 ± 61 BM-367. Minepit Wood, Sussex AD 1416 Charcoal (C. 114) from an undisturbed occupation layer within a small stone structure. General Comment: BM-362 and -367 agree well with other dates in series (R, 1971, v 13, p 178) all of which are consistent with stratigraphic sequence and assoc archaeology at site. Dates were fully discussed elsewhere (Money, 197la). Westerdale series, Yorkshire Four peat and wood samples from peat sections at North Gill and Collier Gill at head of valley of Westerdale, N Yorkshire Moors, England (54° 25' N, 01° 01' W, Natl Grid Ref NZ 639026). Coil 1966 by I Sim- coons, Dept Geog, Univ Durham; subm by G W Dimbleby, Inst Archaeol, Univ London. Samples date clearance phases and anthropogenic changes (Dimbleby, 1961; 1962). 18 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 6316 ± 55 BM-425. North Gill, Westerdale 4366 BC Peat from 215 to 217cm. Dates an early (Mesolithic) clearance phase and establishment of local peat formation. 4754 ± 49 BM-426. North Gill, Westerdale 2804 BC Peat from 149 to 151cm. Dates a pronounced "elm decline" and beginning of deforestation. 5504 ± 108 BM-427. Collier Gill, Westerdale 3554 BC Wood from 192 to 202cm. Dates beginning of peat formation (boundary of Pollen Zones VI/Vila). 3915 ± 53 BM-428. Collier Gill, Westerdale 1965 BC Peat from 89 to 91cm. Dates clearance phase with expansion of Cal- luna, Frax inns, and bracken. Bedd Branwen series, Anglesey Charcoal assoc with Bronze age urns and other pottery from excavation of barrow at Bedd Branwen, Llanbabo parish, Anglesey, N Wales (53° 20' N, 04° 28' W, Natl Grid Ref SH 362850). Coll 1967 and subm by Frances Lynch, Dept Archaeol, Univ College N Wales, Bangor. 4923 ± 75 BM-452. Bedd Branwen, Anglesey 2973 BC Sample B. From base of E hollow close to central stone, pre-dating barrow construction. 3224 ± 81 BM-453. Bedd Branwen, Anglesey 1274 BC Sample D. Contents of pigmy cup overlying bones in Pot L. Sample dates primary burial. 3257 ± 80 BM-455. Bedd Branwen, Anglesey 1307 BC Sample L. From cremation deposit on old ground surface. Secondary burial inserted after barrow complete. 3353 ± 60 BM-456. Bedd Branwen, Anglesey 1403 BC Sample Q. From old ground surface. Dates barrow construction. General Comment: though expected to pre-date barrow construction, BM-452 is much earlier and cannot easily be explained. BM-456 dates construction of barrow satisfactorily and BM-453 and -455 date separate burial phases which archaeol evidence suggests were close in time (Lynch, 1971). The 3 dates directly relating to barrow are not distinguishable statistically. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 19 442 ¢ 66 BM-468. Galley Hill, Bedfordshire AD 1508 Collagen separated from human femur from Burial 2 in Barrow 3 at Galley Hill, Streatley, Bedfordshire, England (51° 56' N, 01° 26' W, Natl Grid Ref TL 092270). Coll 1959 by J Dyer; subm by D R Brothwell, British Mus (Nat Hist). Comment (DRB): human skeletons in Barrow 3 were assoc with Windmill Hill wares but date shows they are intrusive burials and are possibly gallows victims. 1334 ± 67 BM-469. Cannington, Somerset AD 616 Collagen separated from human femur from Burial 87 in Dark age cemetery at Castle Hill Quarry, Cannington, Somerset, England (51° 09' N, 03° 05' W, Natl Grid Ref ST 252406). Excavated 1962-63 by P A Rahtz; subm by D R Brothwell. Comment (DRB): BM-469 is from different part of cemetery from Skeleton 409, dated 1220 ± 110, AD 730 (Birm-70: R, 1969, v 11, p 268) and strongly indicates period of use, making large series of ca 450 skeletons biologically far more valuable. Ascott-under-Wychwood series, Oxfordshire Charcoal from Neolithic long barrow at Ascott-under-Wychwood, Oxfordshire, England (51° 51' N, 01° 34' W, Natl Grid Ref SP 299176). Coll 1968 and 1969 by D Benson, Oxford City and County Mus; subm by J G Evans, Dept Archaeol, Univ College, Cardiff. Samples date episodes of forest clearance, pre-barrow occupation, and barrow construction. 4893 ± 70 BM-491b. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 2943 BC Charcoal (AW/68/X, Pit 7) sealed below turf line of buried soil beneath barrow. Comment (DB): dates pre-barrow phase of Neolithic occupation represented by small pits, hearths, pottery, and domestic refuse and provides terminus ante quem for episode of forest clearance evidenced by land snail analysis (c f Evans and Burleigh, 1969; R, 1971, v 13, p 171- 172). 4735 ± 70 BM-492. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 2785 BC Charcoal (AW/68/XI) from surface of buried soil beneath barrow. Dates construction of mound. 4942 ± 74 BM-832. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 2992 BC Charcoal (AW 736) from burnt structural elements within long barrow mound. 5020 ± 92 BM-833. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 3070 BC Charcoal (AW 739) from burnt structural elements within long barrow mound. 20 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 5198 ± 225 BM-835. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 3248 BC Charcoal (AW 1037) from primary coarse limestone rubble of ditch fill. 4445±61 BM-836. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 2495 BC Charcoal (AW 1005) from soil horizons in upper levels of ditch, overlying BM-837. 4714 ± 166 BM-837. Ascott-u-Wychwood, Oxfordshire 2764 BC Charcoal (AW 1026) from soil horizons in upper levels of ditch. Stratigraphically earlier than BM-836. General Comment (JGE): B1's1-832 and -833 are dates for young timber apparently used in mound construction and, thus, compare unfavorably with BM-492. Alternatively, these samples may represent charcoal from earlier occupation or land clearance episode incorporated in mound in- cidentally. The ditch dated by BM-835 may belong to earlier structure than barrow but BM-835, -837 fall into a very satisfactory sequence. +2713 38,684 -2024 BM-499. Coygan Cave, Dyfed 36,734 BC Collagen separated from reindeer antler from Coygan Cave, Llan- sadyrnin, Dyfed, S Wales (51 ° 44' N, 04° 30' W, Natl Grid Ref SN 284092). Coil 1963 by C B 111111cBurney, Dept Archaeol, Univ Cambridge; subm by G de G Sieveking, British Mus. Sample dates Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition industry (Grimes and Cowley, 1935). Comment (GdeGS): date carried out on sample assoc with Mousterian artifacts, including a characteristic hand-axe type resembling that from Kent's Cavern, from deposit sealed below calcrete (breccia) layer in cave. A carbonate date of 33,200 ± 310 BP obtained from calcite layer (GrN-4400: R, 1972, v 14, p 54) was considered too young for assoc Mousterian industry; BM-499 can be regarded as satisfactory in this respect. Marden series, Wiltshire Charcoal, animal bone, and antler from excavation of a Late Neo- lithic enclosure at Marden, Wiltshire, England (51° 19' N, 01° 52' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 090583). Coil 1969 and subm by G J Wainwright, Dept Environment. Samples date enclosure ditch of important monument of Durrington Walls type (Wainwright & Longworth, 1971) surrounding Late Neolithic timber structures, and a good assemblage of Late Neo- lithic pottery and stone tools comparable to those from Durrington Walls but undated elsewhere (Wainwright, 1971). 3938 ± 48 BM-557. Marden, Wiltshire 1998 BC Charcoal from base of enclosure ditch sealed by 2m ditch silts. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 21 3526 ± 99 BM-558. Marden, Wiltshire 1576 BC Collagen separated from animal bone from base of enclosure ditch. Same location as BM-557. 3626 ± 81 BM-559. Marden, Wiltshire 1676 BC Collagen separated from red deer antler from base of enclosure ditch. Same location as B1\7-557. 4604 ± 59 BM-560. Marden, Wiltshire 2654 BC Charcoal from base of turf-line of fossil soil buried by building of enclosure bank, assoc with Middle Neolithic sherds and flints. General Comment (RB): B1'sT-557 (charcoal) agrees closely with expected age of ca 2000 Be and with dates for Durrington Walls enclosure, but BM-558 and -559 (bone and antler) from same primary context are much later than expected, probably due to contamination by younger humic substances. BM-560 provides a date for Middle Neolithic pottery comparable with dates for similar assemblages at Knaphill, Wiltshire and South St, Wiltshire (R, 1971, v 13, p 169, 171-172; Burleigh, 1971). 3193 ± 69 BM-583. Chalton, Hampshire 1243 BC Charcoal from occupation layer on floor of a hut, sealed by ca 60cm hill-wash deposit at Site 78, Chalton, Hampshire, England (50° 56' N, 0° 59' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 718181). Coil 1968 and subm by B W Cunliffe, Dept Archaeol, Univ Southampton (Cunliffe, 1973). Sample dates assemblage of mid-Bronze age metal types, pottery, and domestic structures. 1383 ± 45 BM-585. Turners Green, Sussex AD 567 Charcoal (ref Smelter Plot 1, Sample A) from iron smelting area of bloomery site at Turners Green, Heathfield, Sussex, England (50° 57' N, 0° 20' E, Natl Grid Ref TQ 642196). Coil 1969 and subm by W R Beswick. Furnace thought to be Romano-British from few assoc sherds. Robin Hood's Cave series, Derbyshire Charcoal and bone from stratified layers in Robin Hood's Cave, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire, England (53 ° 16' N, 01° 12' W, Natl Grid Ref SK 534742). Coll 1969 and subm by J B Campbell, Pitt Rivers Mus, Oxford. BM-601. Robin Hood's Cave, Derbyshire >40,000 Charcoal from Layer B/A. Comment (JBC): samples probably derived from immediately underlying Layer A as thin Layer B/A contained Late Upper Palaeolithic (Creswellian) assemblage; Layer A contained 1\fiddle Palaeolithic assemblage (Campbell, 1970). 22 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks +1600 28,500 -1300 BM-602. Robin Hood's Cave, Derbyshire 26,550 BC Collagen separated from humerus fragment of Ursus arctos from Layer USB. Comment (JBC): date suggests sample intrusive from 19th century excavations. Otherwise Layer USB had late Creswellian assemblage. BM-602 might be considered indirect date for Early Upper Palaeo- lithic (Proto-Solutrean) leaf point assemblage found at Robin Hood's Cave by Dawkins and Mello (Garrod, 1926), for which age would be reasonable (Campbell, 1970), 10,390 ± 90 BM-603. Robin Hood's Cave, Derbyshire 8440 BC Collagen separated from left metacarpel of Eguus przewalskii and antler of Megaloceros from Layer OB. Comment (JBC): dates Creswellian shouldered point assemblage (Campbell, 1970). 10,590 ± 90 BM-604. Robin Hood's Cave, Derbyshire 8640 BC Collagen separated from left humerus of Eguus przewalskii from Layer LSB, Comment (JBC): dates Creswellian point assemblage (Camp- bell, 1970); cf dates for similar Late Upper Palaeolithic assemblages at Anston Stones Cave (BM-439: 9850 ± 115 BP, BM-440a: 9940 ± 115 BP, BM-440b: 9750 ± 110 BP; R, 1971, v 13, p 167) and Sun Hole (BM-524: 12,378 ± 150 BP; R, 1971, v 13, p 168). Sutton Hoo, Suffolk Samples from Dark age ship-burial at Sutton Hoo, Woodbridge, Suffolk, England (52° 05' N, 01° 20' E, Natl Grid Ref TM 287487). Coil 1939; subm by R L S Bruce-Mitford, British Mus. Samples closely dated historically to ca An 625-630 (Bruce-Mitford, 1972; Bruce-Mitford et al, in press). 1427 ± 45 BM-640. Sutton Hoo, Suffolk AD 523 Beeswax from the Iron Lamp. Comment: date is ca 100 yr earlier than historic date, which agrees with reported trend of radiocarbon variations in 1st millennium AD (Stuiver & Suess, 1966; Olsson, 1970). 1256 ± 45 BM-688. Sutton Hoo, Suffolk AD 694 Wood (Quercus sp) found lying on bottom of ship in burial-chamber area stratified above grave goods and presumed part of specially con- structed burial-chamber. Comment: date disagrees with historic date of burial since, allowing for growth factor of wood and for natural radiocarbon variations, date, ca AD 500 would be expected (see BM-640, this list above). Difference appears to be due to contamination by younger humic material despite careful pretreatment. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 23 Mount Pleasant series, Dorset Charcoal (Quercus robur, id by G C Morgan), antler (red deer) and domestic animal bone samples from Late Neolithic henge monument at Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Dorset, England (50° 42' N, 02° 24' W, Natl Grid Ref SY 710900). Coll 1970-71 and subm by G J Wainwright, Dept Environment. Samples date construction and occupation phases of enclosure (c f dates for Marden, Wiltshire, and Woodhenge, Wiltshire, this list, above, and for Durrington Walls, Wiltshire, R, 1971, v 13, p 172-173). 4072 ± 73 BM-644. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 2122 BC Charcoal from pre-enclosure settlement. 3734 ± 41 BM-645. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1784 Bc Collagen separated from antler from W entrance of enclosure (bottom of ditch). 3728 ± 59 BM-646. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1778 BC Collagen separated from antler from W entrance of enclosure (bottom of ditch). 3637 ± 63 BM-662. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1687 BC Collagen separated from antler from palisade trench (packing material from trench base). 3911 ± 89 BM-663. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1961 BC Charcoal from ditch surrounding timber structure. 3410 ± 131 BM-664. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1460 BC Charcoal from hearth stratified on top of primary silts of enclosure ditch. 3645 ±43 BM-665. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1695 BC Charcoal from layer of ash in palisade trench. 3941 ± 72 BM-666. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1991 BC Collagen separated from antler from pit in bottom of ditch surrounding timber structure. 3988 ± 84 BM-667. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 2038 BC Collagen separated from animal bone from primary silts of ditch surrounding timber structure. 3630 ± 60 BM-668. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1680 BC Charcoal from secondary silts of ditch surrounding timber structure. 24 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 3274 ± 51 BM-669. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1324 BC Charcoal from upper silts of ditch surrounding timber structure. 3506 ± 55 BM-788. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1556 BC Charcoal from top of slow silts of enclosure ditch (N entrance). 3459 ± 53 BM-789. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1509 BC Charcoal from middle of slow silts of enclosure ditch (N entrance). 3619 ± 55 BM-790. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1669 BC Charcoal from lower part of slow silts of enclosure ditch (N entrance). 3891 ± 66 BM-791. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 1941 BC Charcoal from between rapid and slow silts of enclosure ditch (N entrance). 4058 ± 71 BM-792. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 2108 BC Charcoal from rapid silts of enclosure ditch (N entrance). 4048 ± 54 BM-793. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 2098 BC Charcoal from base of enclosure ditch (N entrance). 3956 ± 45 BM-794. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 2006 BC Collagen separated from domestic animal bone from palisade trench. (Pit XVIII). 4077 ± 52 BM-795. Mt Pleasant, Dorset 2127 BC Collagen separated from antler from Conquer Barrow ditch. General Comment (RB): in general these dates agree well with archaeol evidence (Burleigh et al, 1972). Detailed analysis of this complex series is fully interpreted elsewhere (Wainwright et al, in press). 627 ± 40 BM-656. Merton College, Oxford AD 1323 Sample (116-VI) from heartwood from floor joist of Merton College Libr, Oxford, England (51° 45' N, 01 ° 13' W). Coll 1970 and subm by J M Fletcher, Research Lab Archaeol, Univ Oxford, as part of dendrochronology program (R, 1971, v 13, p 180-181). With "growth allowance" (Fletcher, 1968) historic date of sample is ca AD 1250. Graveney series, Kent Wood samples from and assoc with ship found during cutting of drainage dyke by Kent River Board at Graveney marsh, 1.6km NW Graveney;"-Kent, England (51° 18' N, 0° 58'' E, Natl Grid Ref TR 065638). British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 25 Coil 1970. BM-660, -661, and -715 subm by Valerie Fenwick, Nail Mari- time Mus; BM-956 and -957 (dendrochronology samples) subm by J M Fletcher. 1080 ± 40 BM-660. Graveney, Kent AD 870 Wood (oak) from timbers of ship. 1064 ± 54 BM-661. Graveney, Kent AD 886 Wood (oak) from timbers of ship. 1003 ± 40 BM-715. Graveney, Kent AD 947 Brushwood from beneath hull. 1283 ± 51 BM-956. Graveney, Kent AD 667 Wood (oak) from timbers of ship (Strake S6C). 1126 ± 76 BM-957. Graveney, Kent AD 824 Wood (oak) from timbers of ship (Strake P4D). General Comment: when dates for timbers are corrected for "growth allowance," construction date of boat is ca AD 950; brushwood (BM-715) dates its abandonment, also close to this (see Evans & Fenwick, 1971; Fenwick, 1972a, b; and, for full discussion of Graveney boat, Fenwick, 1975, in press). 5426 ± 159 BM-670. Cnoc Sligeach, Oronsay, Argyllshire 3476 BC Charcoal from uppermost 7cm shell midden at Cnoc Sligeach, Oron- say, Inner Hebrides, Argyllshire, Scotland (56° 01' N, 06° 13' W, Natl Grid Ref NR 371889). Coil 1970 and subm by P A Mellars, Dept Ancient Hist, Univ Sheffield. Sample dates an Obanian type Mesolithic settlement (Bishop, 1914; 11lellars and Payne, 1971). 4474 ± 52 BM-676. Langdale, Cumberland 2524 BC Charcoal from layer of axe chippings representing a working site of Langdale (Group VI) Neolithic axe industry at Langdale Pikes, Cumber- land, England (54° 28' N, 03° 07' W, Natl Grid Ref NY 274081). Coil 1970 and subm by T H McK dough, Castle Mus, Norwich. Sample provides check on BM-281, 4680 ± 135 BP (R, 1969, v 11, p 288). Comment (THMcKC): date fits well with other dates from sites with Langdale products assoc and agrees reasonably with BM-281 (dough, 1973). Woodhenge series, Wiltshire Animal bone and antler from base of an enclosure ditch comparable at Durrington Walls, Wiltshire and Marden, Wiltshire (BM- with those ° 557-560, above), at Woodhenge, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England (51 11' N, 01 ° 47' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 151434). Coil 1970 and subm by G J College, Cardiff. Sam- Wainwright and J G Evans, Dept Archaeol, Univ 26 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks pies intended to date construction of bank and ditch, timber structure recorded within enclosure, abundant Late Neolithic sherds (Grooved Ware) assoc with timber structure (Cunnington, 1929; Wainwright and Longworth, 1971) and to provide comparisons with dates for Durrington Walls (R, 1971, v 13, p 172-173). 3817 ± 74 BM-677. Woodhenge, Wiltshire 1867 BC Collagen separated from red deer antler from ditch floor. 3755 ± 54 BM-678. Woodhenge, Wiltshire 1805 BC Collagen separated from domestic animal bone from primary rubble silting of ditch. General Comment (RB): though somewhat later than dates for comparable contexts at Durrington Walls, BM-677 and -678 are consistent with archaeol evidence. Detailed discussions appear elsewhere (Burleigh et al, 1972). Broome Heath series, Norfolk Charcoal samples from a Neolithic enclosure at Broome Heath, Ditchingham, Norfolk, England (52° 27' N, 010 28' E, Natl Grid Ref TM 344912). Coil 1970-71 and subm by G J Wainwright. Samples date construction of Neolithic earthwork and assoc artifacts (Wainwright, 1972). 5424 ± 117 BM-679. Broome Heath, Norfolk 3474 BC Charcoal (D4) from surface of fossil soil beneath enclosure bank. 4167 ± 78 B1V1-755. Broome Heath, Norfolk 2217 BC Charcoal (LI4) from top of fossil soil beneath enclosure bank. 4523 ± 67 BM-756. Broome Heath, Norfolk 2573 BC Charcoal (Pit 29, Layer 4). 4579 ± 65 BM-757. Broome Heath, Norfolk 2629 BC Charcoal (Pit 40, Layer 6). General Comment: dates agree well with archaeol evidence. Significance of dates in relation to Neolithic ceramic traditions in British Isles is discussed by Wainwright (op cit). Earls Barton, Northamptonshire Charcoal (Quercus robur) from barrow at Earls Barton, North- amptonshire, England (52° 15' N, 0° 43' W, Natl Grid Ref SP 870627). Coll 1969 and subm by D A Jackson, Dept Environment. Samples provide terminus post qucm for Bronze age bell-barrow with Wessex affini- British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 27 ties, having an ogival dagger. See also dates for Hove (BM-682) and Edmondsham (BM-708 and -709) this list, below. 3169 ± 51 BM-680. Earls Barton, Northamptonshire 1219 BC Sample 3, from pre-barrow surface. 3214 ± 64 BM-681. Earls Barton, Northamptonshire 1269 BC Sample 5, from pre-barrow surface. 3189 ± 36 BM-682. Hove, Sussex 1239 BC Wood knot (Quercus sp) from a barrow at Hove, Sussex, England (50° 49' N, 0° 10' W, Natl Grid Ref TQ 295047). Coil 1856 from coffin containing Hove Amber Cup and other Wessex culture objects (Curwen & Curwen, 1924). Subm 1970 by A Sheppard, Brighton Mus. Comment: see also dates for Earls Barton, this list above (B11f-680 and -681) and for Edmondsham, this list below (BM-708 and -709). 1562 ± 55 BM-684. Holbeanwood, Sussex AD 388 Charcoal from iron working site at Holbeanwood, Ticehurst, Sussex, England (51° 03' N, 0° 22' E, Natl Grid Ref TQ 664305). Coil 1970 and subm by H F Cleere. Comment: date is later than expected since archaeol finds date site securely to not later than ca AD 250. 1647 ± 60 BM-685. Pippingford, Sussex AD 303 Charcoal (Sample A) from iron working site at Pippingford, Sussex, England (51° 03' N, 0° 03' E, Natl Grid Ref TQ 446313). Coil 1970 and subm by C F Tebbutt. Comment: potsherds from slag heap assoc with furnace where sample was found were dated to early decades of 1st century AD; date is, thus, much later than expected. Rhuddlan, Clwyd Charcoal samples from Mesolithic site at Rhuddlan, Clwyd, N Wales (53° 18' N, 03° 27' W, Natl Grid Ref SJ 025779). Coil 1970-71 by Henrietta Miles, Univ Exeter. Samples date blade industry containing non-geometric microliths, of type common around coast of Wales but not previously dated (Wainwright, 1963). 8739 ± 86 BM-691. Rhuddlan, Clwyd 6789 BC Sample J104, 740. Carbonized nutshells (Corylus sp). 8528 ± 73 BM-822. Rhuddlan, Clwyd 6578 BC Sample M90, 973 (RH 71). Carbonized nutshells (Corylus sp). General Comment (HM): Mesolithic settlement at Rhuddlan covers some 8ha. The plentiful chert industry is Maglemosian type. Assoc, in different findspots, are 4 pebbles incised with patterns similar to those from continental 11laglemosian artifacts. Industry assoc with BM-822 was 28 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks slightly more advanced than that assoc with BM-691; dates are as expected. Simons Ground series, Dorset Wood charcoal from urnfield burials at Simons Ground, Wimborne, Dorset, England (500 48' N, 01 ° 55' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 000065). Coll 1968-69 and subm by D A White, for Dept Environment. Samples date series of Bronze age sepulchral urns of Deverell-Rimbury culture. 2554 ± 47 BM-692. Simons Ground, Dorset 604 BC Charcoal (CS/G42) from inside primary urn of Barrow G. 2021 ± 50 BM-693. Simons Ground, Dorset 71 BC Charcoal (CS/F91) from Urn F91 in linear urnfield near Barrow E. 2867 ± 55 BM-694. Simons Ground, Dorset 917 BC Charcoal (CS/ C, central) from center of mound of Barrow C. 2884 ± 63 BM-695. Simons Ground, Dorset 904 BC Charcoal (CS/F47) from Urn F47 in 2nd group of F urnfield. 2691 ± 58 BM-696. Simons Ground, Dorset 741 BC Charcoal (CS/C42 and CS/C47) from deep pits in W part of Barrow C. 2439 ± 55 BM-697. Simons Ground, Dorset 489 BC Charcoal (CS / B 104) from Urn B104 in B urnfield. 2795 ± 61 BM-698. Simons Ground, Dorset 845 BC Charcoal (CS/ F18) from Urn F18 in F urnfield. 2419 ± 67 BM-699. Simons Ground, Dorset 469 BC Charcoal (CS/ G32) from Urn G32 in G urnfield. Durrington, Wiltshire Antler and bone from Durrington, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England (51 ° 11' N, 01° 47' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 145434). Coil 1970 and subm by G ] Wainwright. Samples assoc with Late Neolithic pottery (Grooved XVai e) in a pit. 3597 ± 76 BM-702. Durrington, Wiltshire 1647 BC Collagen separated from antler. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 29 3473 ± 72 BM-703. Durrington, Wiltshire 1523 BC Collagen separated from domestic animal bone. General Comment: dates are somewhat later than expected, compared to nearby Durrington Walls enclosure (R, 1971, v 13, p 172-173) suggesting contamination with younger humic material (Burleigh et al, 1972). 3686 ± 63 BM-704. Hunstanton, Norfolk 1736 BC Collagen separated from animal bone from pit in Late Neolithic settlement at Hunstanton, Norfolk, England (52° 55' N, 0° 30' E, Natl Grid Ref TF 677398). Coll 1970 and subm by G J Wainwright. Pit and others adjacent in settlement produced Grooved Ware type pottery in Clacton substyle not previously radiocarbon dated. Northton series, Outer Hebrides Animal bone from occupation horizons stratified within deposits of blown sand at Northton, SW tip of Isle of Harris, Outer Hebrides, In- vernesshire, Scotland (57° 53' N, 06° 55' W, Natl Grid Ref NF 975913). Coll 1966 by D D A Simpson, Dept Archaeol, Univ Edinburgh; subm by J G Evans. 4411 ± 79 BM-705. Northton, Outer Hebrides 2461 BC Collagen separated from domestic animal bone (mainly sheep- ovicaprid) from Neolithic II horizon. 3604 ± 70 BM-706. Northton, Outer Hebrides 1654 BC Collagen separated from domestic animal bone (mainly sheep- ovicaprid) from Beaker I horizon. 3481 ± 54 BM-707. Northton, Outer Hebrides 1531 BC Collagen separated from domestic animal bone (mainly sheep- ovicaprid) from Beaker II horizon. General Comment: BM-705-707 date pottery and stone assemblages from occupation horizons (Simpson, 1966) and episodes of forest clearance assoc with Neolithic II and Beaker I occupations followed by forest re- generation in Beaker II, evidenced by land snail analysis (Burleigh et al, 1973). Edmondsham, Dorset Bone and charcoal from Bell Barrow at Edmondsham, Dorset, Eng- land (50° 54' N, 010 56' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 046116). Coll 1959 by Edwina Proudfoot. Barrow contained grave group of Wessex culture (Piggott, 1938; Proudfoot, 1963). 30 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 3069 ± 45 BM-708. Edmondsham, Dorset 1119 BC Charred human bone from grave adjacent to funeral pyre beneath barrow and directly assoc with grave goods. 3477 ± 52 BM-709. Edmondsham, Dorset 1527 BC Charcoal (mainly Quercus sp) from remains of funeral pyre, from old land surface beneath barrow. General Comment: c f other dates for Wessex culture assemblages from Earls Barton (BM-680 and -681) and Hove (BM-682), this list above. Extinction of late- and post-Pleistocene mammals in the British Isles Bone samples belonging to animal species now extinct in Britain forming part of program for estimating latest dates of survival of repre- sentatives of late-glacial and postglacial mammalian fauna in the British Isles. Samples are mainly from collns of British Mus (Nat History); subm by Juliet Jewell and A J Sutcliffe, British Mus (Nat History). 2677 ± 123 BM-722. Burwell Fen, Cambridgeshire 727 BC Collagen separated from post-cranial bones of beaver (Castor fiber L) from Burwell Fen, Cambridgeshire, England (52° 16' N, 0° 20' E; exact provenance unknown). Coil 1883 (Cambridge Univ Zool Mus, ref E l797); subm by Juliet Jewell. Comment: brown coloration of original bones suggested possible humic contamination; age should be considered minimum. 3079 ± 99 BM-723. Cambridgeshire fens 1129 BC Collagen separated from beaver skull (Castor fiber L) from Cam- bridgeshire fenlands, England (52° 30' N, 0° 10' E; exact provenance unknown). Subm by Juliet Jewell (British Mus [Nat History] ref 1956.7.10.3). 2673 ± 54 BM-724. Inchnadamph, Sutherland 723 BC Collagen separated from femur of brown bear (Ursus arctos) from "Bear Cave", Alit Nan Uamh valley, Inchnadamph, Sutherland, Scotland (58° 09' N, 04° 59' W, Natl Grid Ref NC 275172) from surface of cave floor. Coil 1959 and subm by A J Sutcliffe from Royal Scottish Mus colln. 18,213 ± 310 BM-725. Clifford Hill, Northampton 16,263 BC Collagen separated from post-cranial bones of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) from deposits at Clifford Hill gravel pit, Northampton, Eng- land (ca 52° 14' N, 0° 56' W). Coil 1970 by P Smith; subm by A J Sutcliffe (British Mus [Nat History] ref M29159). British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 31 9074 ± 72 BM-727. Kirkcudbrightshire 7124 BC Collagen separated from post-cranial bone of giant ox (Bos prim i- genius) from Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland (ca 54° 45' N, 04° 0' W; exact provenance unknown). Coil 1859 by Earl of Selkirk from peat deposits; subm by A J Sutcliffe (British Mus [Nat History] ref ARC.1972.5066). General Comment: detailed analyses of samples and dates will be given elsewhere (AJS, JJ & RB, ms in preparation). Wawcott, Berkshire Charcoal from Mesolithic sites at Wawcott, Newbury, Berkshire, England (51° 25' N, 01° 25' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 400680). Coil 1970-71 and subm by F R Froom, Kenett Valley Research Comm. 6120 ± 134 BM-767. Wawcott III, Berkshire 4170 BC Charcoal from pit in deposits with numerous Mesolithic flints including microlithic points, triangles, crescents, and rectangles, distinct from Thatcham industries. Sample probably dates middle levels of deposit. 6079 ± 113 BM-826. Wawcott XXIII, Berkshire 4129 BC Charcoal from hearth assoc with Mesolithic flint industry similar to that of Wawcott III. Ballaharra, Isle of Man Charcoal from Neolithic site at Ballaharra, 3km SE Peel, Isle of Man (54° 12' N, 04° 39' W, Natl Grid Ref SC 265824). Coil 1971 by K Corlett and Sheila Gregeen; subm by A M Cubbon, Manx Mus, Douglas. Samples assoc with cremation burial, miniature Neolithic vessel of "Ronaldsway" type (Bruce et al, 1947) and rhomboid flint arrowhead. See also dates from Killeaba, Isle of Man (BM-839 and -840) this list, below. 4225 ± 67 BM-768. Ballaharra, Isle of Man 2275 BC Sample 1/1971 from circular pit containing burnt human bones and adjacent to miniature "Ronaldsway" type vessel. 4233 ± 59 BM-769. Ballaharra, Isle of Man 2283 BC Sample 2/71 from same circular pit as Sample 1 (BM-768) and directly assoc with rhomboid flint arrowhead. Eaton Heath series, Norfolk Charcoal from Neolithic site at Eaton Heath, Norwich, Norfolk, England (52° 37' N, 01° 16' E, Natl Grid Ref TG 212060). Coil 1971 and subm by G J Wainwright. Samples intended to date group of shafts and assoc Late Neolithic pottery (Wainwright, 1973). 32 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 5095 ± 49 BM-770. Eaton Heath, Norfolk 3145 BC Charcoal (Corylus avellana and Betulus sp) from 3 shallow pits (80, 81, 118) assoc with Mildenhall type pottery. 6256 ± 59 BM-771. Eaton Heath, Norfolk 4306 BC Charcoal (Quercus sp) from near base (5m) of Shaft 108 assoc with Late Neolithic potsherds. 4444 ± 103 BM-772. Eaton Heath, Norfolk 2494 BC Charcoal (Quercus sp) from base (5m) of Shaft 97A assoc with Late Neolithic potsherds. 3981 ± 55 BM-773. Eaton Heath, Norfolk 2031 BC Charcoal (Quercus sp) from 1.5 to 3m in fill of Shaft 97A. 4903 ± 56 BM-774. Eaton Heath, Norfolk 2953 BC Charcoal (Quercus sp) from upper fill (0 to 1.5m) of Shaft 97A. General Comment: BM-770 compares with date, 3230 ± 150 Be (BM-134), for Mildenhall type pot from Fussell's Lodge long barrow, Wiltshire (R, 1968, v 10, p 2; Ashbee, 1966). BM-772 and -773 suggest a date for shafts and assoc pottery in 2nd half of 3rd millennium Be; whether infilling of Shaft 97A spanned difference between these dates is uncertain. BM-774 appears to have been older charcoal incorporated in final fill of Shaft 97A. BM-771 is much earlier than date expected for assoc pottery and may also represent earlier charcoal incorporated when Shaft 108 was dug (see Wainwright, 1973, p 9, 12-13, 19, Sc 21 for fuller discussion). Grimes Graves series, Norfolk Charcoal and antler samples from excavation of a Late Neolithic flint mine at Grimes Graves, Weeting, Norfolk, England (52° 29' N, 0° 41' E, Natl Grid Ref TL 819898). Coll 1971 and subm by R J Mercer, Dept Environment. Shaft was excavated to replace deteriorated mine shafts presently open to the public. 3815 ± 60 BM-775. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 1865 BC Charcoal (Sample 229) from Gallery 3. Intended to date backfilling of Gallery 3 (c f BM-945, below). 3789 ± 60 BM-776. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 1839 BC Charcoal (Sample 165) from hearth in center of pit floor. First sample in pit filling sequence (c f BM-943, below). 3764 ± 60 B1I-777. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 1814 BC Charcoal (Sample 183) from entrance of Gallery 1 (c f BM-944, below). British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 33 3781 ± 67 BM-778. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 1831 BC Charcoal (Sample 133) assoc with Grooved Ware sherds immediately overlying 1st stage of shaft filling. 313 ± 200 BM-779. Grimes Graves, Norfolk AD 1637 Charcoal (carbonized oak galls; Sample 55) from old land surface sealed by dump of spoil beside shaft. Comment: sample appears to be intrusive; date invalidated by misassoc despite apparently secure provenance. 2465 ± 230 BM-780. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 515 BC Charcoal (Sample 19) from top of shaft filling. Sample intended to provide terminus ante quem for filling of shaft and 2 burials in top of fill. 4104 ± 55 BM-943. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 2154 BC Collagen separated from antler (Sample 602) found beside hearth in center of pit floor (c f BM-776, above). 4153 ± 64 BM-944. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 2203 BC Collagen separated from antler (Sample 647) from floor of Gallery 1 (c f BM-777, above). 4034 ± 88 BM-945. Grimes Graves, Norfolk 2084 BC Collagen separated from antler (Sample 756) from floor of Gallery 3 (c f BM-775, above). Knowth, Co Meath Charcoal samples from a Neolithic/Early Bronze age tomb and assoc structures at Knowth, in Boyne Valley, Co Meath, Ireland (53° 42' N, 06° 29' W, Grid Ref N 996732). Coll 1967-73 and subm by G Eogan, Dept Archaeol, Univ College, Dublin. 4158 ± 126 BM-785. Knowth, Co Meath 2008 BC Charcoal (Sample 3/1967; Area III, Sq 136) from within mound of cruciform passage grave (Site 13). Sample intended to date construction of passage grave. 3185 ± 255 BM-786. Knowth, Co Meath 1235 BC Charcoal (Sample 4/1967; Area III, Sq 109) from between kerbstones of passage grave and assoc with sherds of Beaker pottery. Comment: sample intended to date Beaker occupation and destruction of passage grave but date apparently invalidated by misassoc. Small sample size accounted for large statistical error term. 34 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 4852 ± 71 BM-1076. Knowth, Co Meath 2902 BC Charcoal (Sample 2/1970) from pit fill under Kerbstone 10 of "satellite" passage grave Site 8 and assoc with Neolithic potsherds. Sample dates Neolithic activity before construction of Site 8. 4399 ± 67 BM-1078. Knowth, Co Meath 2449 BC Charcoal (Sample 4/1973; Area IV, Sq 19) from within mound of "satellite" passage grave and predating construction of kerb of Site 1 (main mound). Breiddin, Powys Charcoal from phases and structures at Breiddin hillfort, Powys, Wales (52° 35' N, 03° 02' W, Natl Grid Ref SJ 292144). Coll 1970-1972 and subm by C R Musson, Rescue Archaeol Group, for Dept Environ- ment. Samples date Late Bronze age and Iron age occupations (O'Neil, 1937; Musson,1970; 1972). 2704 ± 50 BM-798. Breiddin, Powys 754 BC Charcoal (Salix sp) from in situ remains of haft of Late Bronze age socketed axe. 2750 ± 41 BM-878. Breiddin, Powys 800 BC Charcoal from paired postholes from early phase of hillfort defense. 2778 ± 71 BM-879. Breiddin, Powys 828 BC Charcoal from postholes in continuous foundation trench from early phase of hillfort defense. 2818 ± 64 BM-880. Breiddin, Powys 868 BC Charcoal from occupation deposit behind early phase of hillfort defense. 2429 ± 55 BM-881. Breiddin, Powys 479 BC Charcoal from roundhouse wall behind later phase of hillfort defense. 3826 ± 106 BM-882. Breiddin, Powys 1876 BC Charcoal from pit or posthole originally considered to belong to 4- posted building in interior. Comment: sample apparently from Late Neolithic/early Bronze age occupation although no artifact is directly assoc. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 35 2059 ± 105 BM-883. Breiddin, Powys 109 BC Charcoal from intrusion cutting tops of postholes interpreted as part of late Roman re-defense. Comment: sample possibly contaminated by material from earlier occupation phase. 2188 ± 70 BM-884. Breiddin, Powys 238 BC Charcoal from posthole originally interpreted as from late Roman occupation. Comment: sample actually appears to belong to Iron Age 4- post structure (c f BM-964, below). 3024 ± 62 BM-885. Breiddin, Powys 1074 BC Charcoal from basal deposits below ramparts of hillfort. Comment: expected date late Neolithic/early Bronze age; possible contamination by later charcoal. 2325 ± 63 BM-963. Breiddin, Powys 375 BC Charcoal from pit assoc with roundhouse assigned to same phase as BM-881, above. 2244 ± 40 BM-964. Breiddin, Powys 294 BC Charcoal from posthole of 4-post structure (c f BM-884, comment, above). 2122 ± 45 BM-965. Breiddin, Powys 172 BC Charcoal from postholes tentatively allocated to late Roman re-defense. Comment: samples may belong to Iron age 4-post phase. General Comment: dates indicate that complex sequence of occupations at Breiddin consist in successive phases in which the 1st hillfort phase (BM-798, -878-880) is preceded by earlier activity on the hilltop (BM-882 and perhaps -885). The roundhouse phase (BM-881 and -963) follows after a 2nd phase of rampart construction, followed by the 4-post structure phase (BM-884 and -964); the late Roman re-occupation of the site is not represented in this series. Excavation will be reported and dates fully discussed elsewhere (1\Iusson, in press). Tonbridge, Kent Charcoal from ramparts of 2 Iron age hillforts at Castle Hill, Ton- bridge, Kent, England (51° 10' N, 0° 18' E, Natl Grid Refs TQ 607438, TQ 608439). Coll 1969-70 and subm by J H Money (1971b). 2178 ± 61 BM-809. Castle Hill, Tonbridge, Kent 228 BC Charcoal from old land surface buried under rampart and presumed contemporary with building of smaller of 2 hillforts. 36 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks 2265 ± 50 BM-810. Castle Hill, Tonbridge, Kent 315 BC Charcoal from old land surface buried under rampart and assoc with construction of larger hillfort. Comment: archaeol evidence suggests that larger fort was slightly earlier than smaller fort to SW. Faversham series, Kent Two bone samples from excavation of a disused chapel at Stone, near Faversham, Kent, England (51 ° 19' N, 0° 52' E, Natl Grid Ref TQ 993613). Coll 1972 by G W Meates and subm by Lord Fletcher (Fletcher Meates, 1969; R,1971, v 13, p 181-182). 832 ± 68 BM-818. Faversham, Kent AD 1118 Collagen separated from human long bones from burial inserted in Nave after destruction of original W wall. 918 ± 40 BM-819. Faversham, Kent AD 1032 Collagen separated from human long bones from a burial stratified beneath foundation of original S wall of Nave. Possible date for earliest Nave. 1109 ± 47 BM-820. York Minster AD 841 Charcoal (Sample XB110) from area immediately adjoining York Minster, City of York, Yorkshire, England (53° 58' N, 01° 05' W, Natl Grid Ref SE 600520). Coll 1972 and subm by D Phillips, York Minster Archaeol Advisory Comm. Sample from between Roman (4th century AD) and Norman (11th century AD) levels. Historic records indicate several Saxon minsters on or near site but no clear Saxon stratification was found. BM-820 provides firmer dating evidence for supposed Saxon structures. BM821. West Runton, Norfolk >40,000 Wood (Alnus sp) excavated from coastal exposure in (Cromerian) deposits at West Runton, Norfolk, England (52° 56' N, 01° 16' E, Natl Grid Ref TG 190431). Coll 1971 and subm by N R Page, Hendon Coil Technol. Comment: dated in connection with attempted revised dating for Hoxnian interglacial (Page, 1972). Hoxnian is expected to be far beyond radiocarbon age range; supported by dates from relevant levels at Hoxne, Suffolk, England (Birm-365: >47,600; Birm-367: >48,500; Q-1100: >43,000; R, 1973, v 15, p 460-461, 540). Finite dates for samples of Hoxnian age appear to depend on method of pretreatment; when humic components are completely removed, sample ages are beyond radiocarbon range as expected from other evidence (Shotton, 1973). Using 4 Q criterion, probability that dates are older than figures quoted is 99.9%. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 37 Carn Brea, Cornwall Charcoal samples from Neolithic settlement site at Carn Brea, Red- ruth, Cornwall, England (500 10' N, 05° 08' W, Natl Grid Ref SW 684407). Coll 1971 and subm by R J Mercer, Dept Environment. Samples date Neolithic occupation phases at Carn Brea (Mercer, 1970; 1972). 4561 ± 47 BM-823. Carn Brea, Cornwall 2611 BC Charcoal (Sample 47/1971) from hearth also containing Neolithic sherds (CB 71, Site A, Trench 8, Feature 6). 4697 ± 60 BM-824. Carn Brea, Cornwall 2747 BC Charcoal (Samples 70, 82, 95, 104, 113/1971) from beneath collapsed stones (GB 71, Site E). 4999 ± 64 BM-825. Carn Brea, Cornwall 3049 BC Charcoal (Sample 92/1971) from posthole of Neolithic structural complex (GB 71, Site D, Feature 50). General Comment: BM-823 and -824 date pottery of Western Neolithic type from inside and outside enclosure walls; BM-824 also provides a terminus ante guem for enclosure wall and presumably for enclosed settlement structures. BM-825 gives terminus post quem for enclosure wall and settlement. Settlement period covers dates for all other causewayed camp sites in Britain, with which Carn Brea artifacts can also be compared. Killeaba, Isle of Man Charcoal and decayed wood from cremation cemetery of "Ronalds- way" Neolithic culture at Killeaba, Ramsey, Isle of Man (54° 19' N, 04° 23' W, Nail Grid Ref SG 452937). Coll 1961-1969 and subm by A M Cubbon, Manx Mus, Douglas. Samples date cremation burials and Ronaldsway type pottery (Bersu, 1947). 6310 ± 72 BM-838. Killeaba, Isle of Man 4360 BC Charcoal (Sample BP) from burning pit assoc with Ronaldsway secondary Neolithic urn and nearby cremation burials. Comment: date is much earlier than ca 2000 BC, expected for assoc pottery and appears invalidated by misassoc. 4381 ± 58 BM-839. Killeaba, Isle of Man 2431 BC Decayed timber (Sample TI) from pit lining containing cremated bone and assoc with Ronaldsway secondary Neolithic cemetery. 4300 ± 52 BM-840. Killeaba, Isle of Man 2350 BC Decayed timber (Sample TII) from pit lining and assoc with Ronalds- way secondary Neolithic pot and nearby cremation burials. 38 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks General Comment: see also dates for Ballaharra, Isle of Man (BM-768, -769) this list above. Silbury, Wiltshire Collagen separated from antler (Cervus elaphus) from Silbury Hill, Avebury, 'Wiltshire, England (51 ° 25' N, 010 51' W, Natl Grid Ref SU 100685). Coll 1969 by Hester Atkinson; subm by J G Evans. Samples dated to confirm previous date for plant debris (I-4136: 4095 ± 95 BP; Atkinson, 1969) and to date phase of open downland suggested by snail fauna (Atkinson, 1968; 1970). 3752 ± 50 BM-841. Silbury, Wiltshire 1802 BC Collagen separated from red deer antler from bottom of ditch. 3849 ± 43 BM-842. Silbury, Wiltshire 1899 BC Collagen separated from red deer antler from bottom of ditch. Knighton Heath, Dorset Charcoal (Qlercus sp with some Alnus sp) from Barrow G34 at Knighton Heath, Poole, Dorset, England (50° 47' N, 01° 56' W, Nail Grid Ref SZ 047959). Coll 1971 by F F Petersen, Dept Environment, and subm by Susan Limbrey, Ancient Monuments Lab. Samples assoc with construction and use of barrow and with specific types of Bronze age urns. 3155 ± 49 BM-870. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1205 BC Charcoal (Sample C49) from sand core of barrow mound. 3073 ± 49 BM-871. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1123 BC Charcoal (Sample C170) assoc with small lugged bowl in pit in old ground surface and sealed beneath sand core of barrow mound. 3128 ± 52 BM-872. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1178 BC Charcoal (Sample C171) assoc with Globular Urn (Calkin type II b) iii pit in old ground surface and sealed beneath sand core of barrow mound. 3139 ± 50 BM-873. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1189 BC Charcoal (Sample 0183) assoc with plain Globular Urn in pit in old ground surface and sealed beneath sand core of barrow mound. 3052 ± 40 BM-874. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1102 BC Charcoal (Sample C223) assoc with Bucket Urn in pit in old ground surface primary to gravel capping of barrow mound but outside limits of sand core. British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VIII 39 3134 ± 34 BM-875. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1184 BC Charcoal (Sample C226) assoc with Biconical Urn in pit in old ground surface and sealed beneath sand core of barrow mound. 3118 ± 52 BM-876. Knighton Heath, Dorset 1168 BC Charcoal (Sample C369) assoc with Globular Urn (Calkin type I) in pit in old ground surface primary to gravel capping of barrow mound but outside limits of sand core. 3339 ± 56 BM-877. Weasenham, Norfolk 1389 BC Charcoal (Quercus sp) from cremation burial at Weasenham Lyngs, Weasenham all Saints, Norfolk, England (52° 45' N, 0° 44' E, Natl Grid Ref TF 854197). Coll 1972 and subm by F F Petersen. Sample (ref W 72 S54) was from central grave in Barrow G 7 and assoc with many cremated human bones and with tripartite cord ornamented Collard Urn sherds, sealed by iron pan below base of plough soil. Sample dates primary use of barrow (now ploughed out completely) and assoc urn. 3489 ± 59 BM-935. Tregiffian, Cornwall 1539 BC Charcoal from Tregiffian chambered tomb, St Buryan, Cornwall, England (50° 03' N, 05° 35' W, Natl Grid Ref SW 430244). Coll 1968 by Dorothy Dudley and subm by A M ApSimon, Dept Archaeol, Univ Southampton. Sample from contents of Collared Urn, also containing cremated bone, from pit dug in floor of tomb chamber. Sample provides later limit for construction of a presumed late Neolithic tomb in which the Bronze Age Urn burial appears intrusive. Few dates are available for Bronze age in Cornwall and none previously for Collared Urns in SW England (Longworth, 1961; ApSimon, 1969). 7101 ± 97 BM-960. Culverwell, Dorset 5151 BC Charcoal from a Mesolithic site at Culverwell, Portland Bill, Isle of Portland, Dorset, England (50° 31' N, 02° 26' W, Nail Grid Ref SY 68569I). Coll 1971 and subm by Susann Palmer for Dorset Nat Hist and Archaeol Soc, Co Mus, Dorchester. Sample from hearth within shell midden (Trench I, Layer 2, Spit 4) was stratigraphically close to previously dated sample (BM-473: 7150 ± 135 BP; R, 1971, v 13, 169). BM-473 and -960 probably date earliest part of occupation of site (Palmer, 1970). 346 ± 54 BM-961. Walthamstow, London AD 1604 Wood from remains of boat found ca 1830 at Walthamstow, London, England (51° 35' N, 00 02' W, Nail Grid Ref TQ 350890), now in Bruce Castle Mus, London. Subm by Valerie Fenwick, Nail 1\vlaritime Mus. Boat originally found during excavation of East London Company's reservoirs 40 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks alongside E bank of R Lea; stratification unknown. Sample dated to lo- cate boat in relation to Dark age/Migration period boats in Britain. Com- ment: date shows Walthamstow boat is much later than this and does not belong among early British boat finds. 766±41 BM-966. Newmarket, Suffolk AD 1184 Collagen separated from human bone from mutilated burial in ditch silts of Devil's Dyke, Newmarket, Suffolk, England (52° 14' N, 0° 22' E, Natl Grid Ref TL 610620). Coll 1973 and subm by B K Hope-Taylor, Dept Archaeol, Univ Cambridge. Sample obtained from shafts of long- bones of legs of skeleton of young man aged ca 19 yr. Devil's Dyke is a defensive earthwork of Romano-British date (Fox, 1923); burial in the ditch was recognized as intrusive (Hope-Taylor, in press).

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Proudfoot, E V W, 1963, Report on the excavation of a bell barrow in the parish of Edmondsham, Dorset, England, 1959: Prehist Soc Proc, v 29, p 395-425. 42 Richard Burleigh, Andrew Hewson, and Nigel Meeks Shotton, F W, 1973, A reply to "on the age of the Hoxnian interglacial" by N R Page: Geol Jour, v 8, pt 2, p 387-394. Simpson, D D A, 1966, A Neolithic settlement in the Outer Hebrides, Antiquity, v 40, p 137-139. Stuiver, M and Suess, H E, 1966, On the relationship between radiocarbon dates and true sample ages: Radiocarbon, v 8, p 534-540. Wainwright, G J, 1963, A reinterpretation of the microlithic industries of Wales: Prehist Soc Proc, v 29, p 99-132. 1971, The excavation of a Late Neolithic enclosure at Marden, Wiltshire: Antiquaries Jour, v 51, p 177-239. 1972, The excavation of a Neolithic settlement on Broome Heath, Ditching- ham, Norfolk, England: Prehist Soc Proc, v 38, p 1-97. 1973, Prehistoric and Romano-British settlements at Eaton Heath, Norwich: Archaeol Jour, v 130, p 1-43. Wainwright, G J and Longworth, I H, 1971, Durrington Walls-Excavations 1966-1968: Soc Antiquaries (London), Research rept, p 1-421. Wainwright, G J et al, 1975, Mount Pleasant excavations: Soc Antiquaries (London), Research rept (in press). [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 43-49] DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS I J GORDON OGDEN, III and W C HART Department of Biology Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia The Dalhousie University Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory was established in 1972, utilizing equipment and procedures formerly in use at Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. The laboratory is located on the third floor of the 8-story Life Sciences Center at Dal- housie University. Sample preparation includes leaching with dilute alkali and acid, followed by pyrolysis in a stream of N2 at 500°C. Operating procedures remain essentially the same, utilizing reduction of acid or combustion generated CO2 to the counting gas, methane, over Ruthenium catalyst at 500°C. The flow reactor formerly used has been replaced by an in-line static reactor. Following gas purification and one month product gas storage to permit decay of Radon, samples are counted at 50 to 152cm pressure in either of 2 500m1 detectors, or a 2L detector. Shielding includes 20cm of lead, 5cm of iron, 3cm of mercury, and a 16 anode anticoincidence counter operated at 96cm of "dead" methane. Age determinations are based on at least 2 counter fillings for a total of 3000 minutes and are compared with 5000 minute determinations of contemporary and background activity, which are updated by alternate counter fillings on weekends. Sample counts are printed each 100 minutes to monitor system operations. Age calculations are based on the Libby half-life of 5570 ± 30 yr and include 1r statistical uncertainties of sample, modern, and background activity. Reference age is AD 1950 and is determined from .95 NBS oxalic acid activity or age-corrected 1850 wood. Background at 1 and 2 atmospheres filling pressure is 1.33 to 1.76cpm for the 2 500m1 counters. NBS oxalic acid activity at these pressures is 4.29 and 7.65cpm, respectively. Table 1 lists check determinations made during initial operation of the Dalhousie Radiocarbon Laboratory. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge with thanks the support of the National Research Council for routine operation of the laboratory. We are grateful also for identification of wood samples by G W Burns and J K Underwood, as well as the assistance of sample collectors and submitters for description and comments on samples. I. GEOCHEMICAL SAMPLES-ATMOSPHERIC CO2 Halifax series As part of a research program on atmospheric inputs of major nutrients in urban, suburban, and coastal precipitation (Hart, unpub), 43 44 J Gordon Ogden, III and W C Hart a series of atmospheric CO2 measurements were undertaken to define the effect of industrial CO2 on 14C level in the Halifax area. 1L of 1N KOH was prepared using deionized distilled (millipore Super Q) water and exposed in 500cm2 trays for 1 week. Controls were checked for carbonate contamination in sealed vessels during the exposure period by titration. Sample CO2 was generated by hydrolysis with 5% H3P04. Results are summarized in Table 2. Coll and subm by W C Hart. Comment (WCH): data of Table 2, plus sulfate and chloride precipitation chemistry in the Halifax area indicate that pre- vailing coastal winds and sea breeze effect preclude recognition of an industrial effect in the Halifax area.

II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES Basin Head, Prince Edward Island series 900 ± 105 DAL-27A. Basin Head Harbor wood, P E I AD 1050 Spruce (Picea) wood from stump in growth position in sand on side of tidal channel at Basin Head Harbor, PEI (450 23' N, 62° 6' W). Root crown .41 to .98m below Geobotanical Datum (HHW) after Grant (1970). Acid and alkali pretreatment to remove humates and CaCO3 from marine wood-boring mollusks in outer rings. Coll and subm by A Palmer (Lands Directorate, Environment Canada).

TABLE 1 Check Samples-DAL/OWU

DAL V, Sample no. age no. age p - Spruce wood 3 2460± 120 90 Unid. wood 4 14,400± 430 275 Unid. wood 65 13,300± 310 275* 5 25,100 ± 1600 655' Gyttja 6 5070 ± 200 225 Gyttja 7 4060± 210 8 200 Gyttja 9 2380± 120 165 Spruce wood IOA 21,400 ± 700 8 690 Spruce wood lOB 21,700± 1200 8 Wood charcoal 14 20,700± 1000 1080 Gyttja 15 5450± 150 220 Gyttja 16 7030± 220 235 Spruce wood 77 19,500 ± 500 765

Difference significant at 2o-. DAL-4, 65, and -5 considered more reliable on geologic grounds. Dalhousie University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements 1 45 1050 ± 90 DAL-27B. Basin Head Harbor wood AD 900 Duplicate sample preparation of DAL-27A. Comment (AP): date is youngest possible for sand substrate correlated with adjacent sand ridge system, and oldest possible for salt marsh peat at sampling site. Field relations indicate that submergence of the stump records local rise in sea level during the past millennium. 3370 ± 135 DAL-95. Basin Head Harbor sediments 1420 BC Sediment sample from 10.4m below HHW Datum in core from estuarine deposit. Comment (AP): sample is slightly below, and therefore predates microfossil evidence of marine. transgression. Date indicates that local marine transgression was both recent and rapid. 4185 ± 85 DAL-182. Basin Head Harbor sediments 2235 BC Basal sediments at 11.4m below HHW in same core as DAL-95. Comment (AP): paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on preserved microflora indicates that fresh water sediments were deposited at this time. Date substantiates 2 interpretations based on field relations; 1) cored sediments are all postglacial in age, and 2), relatively high rate of regional rise in sea level is applicable to the E end of Prince Edward I. Additional details reported in Palmer (1974).

TABLE 2 6140 Atmospheric in the Halifax, Nova Scotia Area, % Sample Sample Sample Sample dates no. Coastal* no. Urban* Suburbant 10-16 April, 56 138 ±8.8 8.2 1972 57 134±9.0 64§ 140± 8.9 16-23 April, 60 137 ± 9.1 9.0 8.5 1972 5-12 Nov, 117 146±6.8 1972 12-19 Nov, 134 148 ±9.0 8.9 7.5 1972

* Coastal Sta-Natl Research Council Seaweed Research Lab, Sandy Cove NS (44° 28' N, 63° 33' W), alt 20m, 120m W of shoreline. ** Urban Sta-Atmospheric Environment Service Meteorol Sta, Citadel HiH, Halifax, NS (44° 38.7' N, 63° 35' W), alt 70 m, lkm W Halifax Harbor. f Suburban Sta-Dartmouth City Water supply reservoir, Dartmouth, NS (44° 41' N, 63° 30.5' W), alt 350m, 4.8km E Halifax Harbor. DAL-55 exposed at Dalhousie Univ Radiocarbon Dating Lab (44° 38.2' N, 63° 35.9' W) alt 60m, 2.1km W Halifax Harbor. § DAL-64-alternate preparation of DAL-57. 46 ,1 Gordon Ogden, 111 and VV C Hart East Pennant series, Nova Scotia DAL-32. Buried Forest, E Pennant, N S 1060 ± 130 Mean of 2 determinations (1045 ± 65 and 1080 ± 115) of Spruce (Picea) wood from one of numerous stumps rooted in fresh water peat overlain by Spartina marsh peat in salt marsh at E Pennant, N S (440 27.6' N, 63° 38.2' W). Alt of root crown -.41m, Geobotanical Datum (HHW). Alkali and acid pretreatment. Similar sample dated by Geo- logical Survey of Canada GSC-1597 gave 540 ± 130 yr BP. Coll and subm by J G Ogden, W C Hart, and J K Underwood. Comment (JGO): discrepancy in dates is greater than expected from field relations. Further studies of growth patterns and flooding levels of coastal trees is in progress. See DAL-33. 315 ± 85 DAL-33. E Pennant Forest Peat AD 1635 Fresh water woody peat from level of root crown (DAL-32) at transition to Spartina peat. Comment (JGO): although possibly contaminated by younger Spartina rootlets, indicates that marsh remained essentially fresh until recent times. 8650 ± 230 DAL-69. Steidtman Woods, Ohio 6705 BC Unid. wood fragments 10cm above till in 80cm deposit of organic bands alternating with sand and silt layers in Steidtman Woods (41 ° 18' N, 83° 40' W). Spruce cones (Picea glauca) with needles and gastro- pod shells included in deposit. Alkali and acid pretreatment. Coil and subm by C Brady. Comment (CB): date younger than anticipated, possibly younger root contamination due to shallowness of deposit.

III. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES-LAKE AND BOG SEDIMENTATION Lawrence Lake series Sediment core from central depression of Lawrence Lake, Barry Co, Michigan (44° 26' N, 85° 21' W). Intensive investigations include sedimentary history, pollen analysis, contemporary geochemistry, and cultural eutrophication. 9.45m core raised from 12.5m of water was sampled for marl and organic carbon ages. Dating program also undertaken to determine if slumping or turbidites (see Fayetteville Green Lake series (R, 1973, v 15, p 356) occur in stratigraphy. Dates are listed in Table 3 without correction for marl carbonate or isotopic fractionation. Suface sample age indicates possible correction of -1460 yr (DAL- 52). Mean age difference between A and B samples (marl-organic age) is 520 yr. Marl samples prepared by phosphoric acid generation (5%), organic carbon ages determined by combustion of residue. Coil by R G Wetzell and R 0 Kapp. Subm by R G W and R E Bailey. Comment (RGW): samples DAL-46, -48, -49, -50 indicate slumping from steep walls of central basin and are consistent with evidence from pollen and diatom stratigraphy to be reported elsewhere. Dalhousie University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I 47

TABLE 3 Marl and Organic Carbon Ages for Lawrence Lake, Michigan DAL Organic Depth cm no. age (A) age (B) (A-B) 0-2 52 1460± 90 - - 46-50 40 3050± 210 2790± 295 101.5-104.5 41 4110± 170 3640± 195 201.5-204.5 42 5790 ± 190 4730 ± 400 282-284 43 7830 ± 230 - - 397-399.5 44 9430 ± 190 9000 ± 390 496.5-499.0 45 11,600± 250 11,360±405 590.0-592.0 46 10,150± 250 9480± 285 701.5-704.5 47 13,520 ± 270 - - 796.5-800.0 48 9850 ± 190 - - 856.0-859.0 49 9500 ± 170 - - 876.0-880.0 50 10,480 ± 200 - - 931.0-934.5 51 16,650± 900 - Sample number identification; DAL-xxA is marl date, DAL-xxB is organic (late from same sample. ** Mean difference or marl and organic dates = 520 yr.

IV. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES-OCEAN SEDIMENTATION Mid-Atlantic Ridge series 22,050 ± 1230 DAL-67. East Crestal Mts 20,100 BC Globigerina ooze from 80cm level in Piston Core DD-401, recovered from 2000m water depth (45° 40.1' N, 27° 35' W). Coll and subm by C Stehman. Comment (CS): sample from youngest warm-cold transition in Core DD401, based on planktonic Foraminifera. DAL-113 and -114 indicate possible fractionation of +3000 yr. 25,800 ± 1150 DAL-68. East Crestal Mts 23,850 BC Globigerina ooze from 160cm level in Piston Core DD401. Com- ment (CS): sample from important faunal transition to be discussed in Stehman thesis. Age may be 3000 yr greater as indicated for DAL-67. 5605 ± 200 DAL-113. E Crestal Mts 3655 BC Globigerina ooze > 63µ fraction from 1 to 5cm in Core DD401. 2615 ± 70 DAL-114. East Crestal Mts 665 BC Globigerina ooze < 63µ fraction from 1 to 5cm in Core DD401. Comment (CS): size fractions sampled from top of core to investigate possible error due to sedimentary effects or granulometry of sediments. 48 J Cordon Ogden, 111 and W C Hart Difference in fine and coarse fractions indicate possible increase in real date of +3000 yr. 36,000 ± 3600 DAL-143. Confederation Peak limestone 34,050 BC Limestone from Core 138, water depth 1042m, sample depth 4.5 to 6cm on crest of Confederation Peak, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (45° 24.5' N, 28° 10.1' W). Coil and subm by C T Schafer. See DAL-146 for comment. 34,900 ± 3200 DAL-144. Confederation Peak limestone 32,950 BC Limestone from Core 140, water depth 987m, sample depth 26 to 29cm on crest of Confederation Peak, MAR (45° 22.9' N, 28° 10.2' W). Coil and subm by C T Schafer. See DAL-146 for comment. 21,150 ± 700 DAL-145. Citadel Peak limestone 19,560 BC Limestone from Core 145, water depth 1243m, sample depth 1.5 to 2.5cm on crest of Citadel Peak, MAR (45° 26' N, 28° 34.8' W). Coil and subm by C T Schafer. See DAL-146 for comment. 34,200 ± 3500 DAL-146. Wegener Mt limestone 32,250 BC Limestone from Core 157, water depth 1360m, sample depth 6 to 8.5cm on crest of Wegener Mt, MAR (45° 31.2' N, 28° 20.4' W). Coil and subm by C T Schafer. Comment (CTS): cores were obtained using a self- contained hydrostatic pressure driven corer developed at the Atlantic Oceanographic Lab (Schafer and Brooke, 1970). These dates, in addition to others reported in Schafer (1974) indicate that deposition and cemen- tation of the limestone occurred prior to last major Wisconsin ice advance.

V. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES Kramer site series 720 ± 85 DAL-34. Square C-2, Feature 7 AD 1230 Wood charcoal (probably hickory) id by G W Burns, assoc with antlers and deer bone (Odocoileus). Pretreatment by hand removal of large root fragments and cellulose reduction. Coil and subm by 0 Pi-Sunyer. 850 ± 85 DAL-35. Square D-1, Feature 13 AD 1100 Wood charcoal (fragments of hickory and ash) id by G W Burns. Coil and subm by 0 Pi-Sunyer. Comment (JGO): serious contamination by contemporary rootlets affected prior determinations (OWU-448A: R, 1973, v 15, p 365). These dates are considered more reliable geo- chemically. Dalhousie University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I 49

REFERENCES Grant, D, 1970, Recent coastal submergence in the Maritime Provinces: Canada: Canadian Jour Earth Sci, v 7, p 676-689. Ogden, III, J G and Hay, Ruth J, 1973, Ohio Wesleyan University natural radiocarbon measurements V: Radiocarbon, v 15, p 350-366. Palmer, A, 1974, Diatom stratigraphy and postglacial history of Basin Head Harbor, Prince Edward Island: M Sc thesis, Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, N S. Schafer, C T, 1974, The Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N. XXII. Sedimentary deposition and lithogenesis on mid-Atlantic ridge mountain tops: Canadian Jour Earth Sci, v 11, p 1157-1167. Schafer, C T and Brooke, J, 1970, Cores from the crest of the mid-Atlantic ridge: Geotimes, March, 1970, p 14-16. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No, 1, 1976, P. 50-59] GLIWICE (GDANSK) RADIOCARBON DATES III* W MOSCICKI and A ZASTAWNY Technical University of Upper Silesia, Gliwice, Poland The first natural 14C measurements in Poland were made, using CO2 + CS.2 GM counter as early as 1953 (Moscicki, 1953), but continuous operation was not possible until 1971. Following Poznan Torun (Moscicki, 1958; 1961) and Gdansk (Moscicki and Zastawny, 1962a), where the first long series of 14C measurements were made (Moscicki et al, 1967), an actively operating radiocarbon dating laboratory was installed at Gliwice in 1971. Essentially, our equipment is the same used in Gdansk (Moscicki and Zastawny, 1962b). The steel wall proportional counter ca 2.41 active volume, filled with 1 atm C09, is used. Background and net 0.95 A0X counting rates are, respectively, 10.43 and 15.09cpm. All Iw dates are based on 5570 yr for the 14C half-life. No correction for isotopic fractionation was made. Age errors include only the statistical inaccuracy of the measurements within limits of ± lu. `Infinite' ages have been based on the 3u criterion. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All measurements and sample preparations were made with the assistance of A Pazdur, E Kostkiewicz, and M Pazdur. We are also indebted to Eng W Pomykala for electronic maintenance. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Baltic Coast Cliff between Ustka and Orzechowski River series Fen peat, ca 4km E of Ustka (540 35' 53" N, 160 54 11" E). Coll 1972 by A Marsz and K Topolski. Subm by AM, for INQUA conf of subcomm on shorelines of NW Europe. 510 ± 80 Gd-122. Ustka-Rowy 4/72 AD 1440 Fen peat with some sand, from upper part of peat between cover sand and dune sands. 11,100 ± 140 Gd-120. Ustka-Rowy 5/72 9150 BC Fen peat with much sand, with Betula nana, Selaginella seleginoides Salix sp, from bottom part of peat on boulder clay covered by sand. Fossil soil horizons near Ustka-Rowy series Fossil soil 8km W of Rowy village (54° 40' N, 17° 00' E). Coll April 1973 by B Noryskiewicz and R Bednarek. Subm by Z Prusinkiewicz, Inst Biol, Copernicus Univ, Torun. * The first two lists of this laboratory were published elsewhere; see references: Moscicki and Zastawny (1962a), Moscicki et al (1966). 50 W Moscicki and A Zastawny 51 7500 ± 330 Gd-190. Debina I 5550 BC Depth 350cm. 2980 ± 190 Gd-191. Debina II 1030 BC Depth 270cm. 1390 ± 110 Gd-192. Debina III AD 560 Depth 230cm. 1230 ± 90 Gd-193. Debina IV AD 720 Depth 205cm. General Comment (ZP): samples dated by pollen analysis (BN): Debina I: Late Glacial, Debina II: Atlantic, Debuna III: Sub-Boreal, Debina IV: Sub-Atlantic. Gardno-Leba Lowland series Coll 1973 by 111arsz and K Topolski. Subm by AM for INQUA conf, subcomm on shorelines of NW Europe, Poland, 1972. 850 ± 100 Gd-137. Forest of Kluki Prof 22 AD 1100 Fen wood-peat (Betula pubescens) with some sand, 1200m N of E part of Kluki village (540 41' 35" N, 17° 20' 02" E). Peat under dune sands. 860 ± 120 Gd-154. Czolpino Br 69 AD 1090 Detrital gyttja, mixed with sand, 3350m E of Czolpino (54° 42.7' N, 17° 17.6' E) from depth 100 to 105cm overlying marine fauna. B. Mazowiecka Plain Kampino Forest series Charcoal from dune, coil June 1971 by U Urbaniak-Biernacka; subm by J Rozycki, Warsaw Politech. 9200 ± 160 Gd-112. Gorki 7250 BC Sample was from bottom of dune in eolian sand layer, 8cm thick, with charcoal detritus in Gorki village, 16km from Nowy Dwor Mazo- wiecki (52° 21' N, 20° 32' E). Comment (UU-B): suggested age: Late Glacial. 1080 ± 90 Gd-195. Laski 1 AD 870 From fossil soil ca .5m thick in Laski village, 10km WNW of War- saw (52° 17' N, 20° 50' E). 52 W Moscicki and A Zastawny 2160 ± 90 Gd-202. Laski 2 210 BC Charcoal dispersed in sand, same place as Laski 1.

C. Great Poland Lowland Warszawa-Berlin Pradolina series Peat layer underlying S arm of parabolic dune, 2.5km E of Swietno village, 12km S of Wolsztyn (52° 00' 30" N, 16° 05' 50" E). Coil Aug 1972 by B Nowaczyk; subm by S Kozarski, Inst Geog, A Nlickiewicz Univ, Poznan. 9120 ± 160 Gd-119. Swietno 2/bn 7170 BC Peat, depth 150cm. 10,400 ± 260 Gd-123. Swietno 1/BN 8450 BC Fossil plant fragments, depth 288cm. 28,200 ± 1250 Gd-206. Krzekotow 3a 26,250 BC Oak from Flood-Plain Bench Krzycki Row (Dumanowski et al, 1962) .8km from Krzekotow village, 7km NE of Giogow (51° 42' 48" N, 16° 09' 40" E). Sample from depth 19.20 to 19.35m. Coil June 1972 and subm by J Kucharewicz, Geol Enterprise, Wrociaw. Gd-118. Borowiec 3/JA >31,200 Wood pieces, 3.8km from Jarocin, E side of Lutynia valley 200m E of forester's lodge (51° 58' 35" N, 17° 33' 20" E). Upper terrace of Wurm age in the Lutynia valley. Gray silt layer with wood pieces 20cm thick, covered with river sands and gravels at depth 12m from terrace surface. Coll March 1972 by J Janczak, subm by S Kozarski. Gd-124. Raszewy 18/72/KR >30,300 Wood, from edge of R Warta alley, 350m NE of E border of Raszewy village, 3km N of town of Zerkow, 14km NE of Jarocin (52° 05' 08" N, 17° 37' 16" E). An old unexploited sand pit in upper Warta R terrace, at + 100m. Depth 4 to 4.3m. Coil April 1972 by K Rotnicki; subm by S Kozarski. Comment (KR): terrace is younger than Leszno (Brandenburg) phase of Baltic Glaciation. 10,470 ± 180 Gd-136. Laka Pyzdrska 22A/72 KR 8520 BC Sandy peat from Pyzdry Basin, 35km. SE of Pyzdry town, lkm E of Pyzdry-Kalisz rd, 200m W of frontal part of parabolic dune (52° 08' 52" N, 17 ° 25' 00" E). Depth 175 to 185cm. Coil July 1972 by K Rotnicki; subm by S Kozarski. Gliwice (Gdansk) Radiocarbon Dates 111 53 D. Slgska Plain 2500 ± 150 Gd-141. Marcinkowice 550 BC Oak and asll wood from Skroda valley at Marcinkowice (51 0 31' 30" N, 14° 49' 30" E). Wood is from peat overlain by river gravel 2m thick. Coil July 1968 by J Wronski; subm by L Sawicki, Inst Geol, Lower Silesia Dept, Wroclaw. 1260 ± 120 Gd-153. Dobromierz 1/72/S AD 690 Peat interbedded with clay from left tributary of Strzegomska R, ca 5km of church at Dobromierz (50° 54' 30" N, 16° 14' 30" E). Coll April 1972 by H Teissere; subm by L Sawicki.

Nysa Klotlzka Valley series Trunks, lying 2 to 7m deep in river gravels, 8km WNW of Paczkow (50° 28' N, 16° 58' E). Coil Aug 1971 by J Wronski; subm by L Sawicki. 1450 ± 100 Gd-145. Paczkow 1 AD 500 Oak wood. Fragment of trunk, diam 1.5m, length 9m. 7300 ± 180 Gd-152. Paczkow 2 5350 BC Ash wood. Fragment of trunk, diam .8m, length 9m.

E. Sandomierska Valley Flooded terrace plain of Wisloka River series Coil 1972 by L Starker, Inst Geog Polish Acad Sci, Cracow. 1670 ± 80 Gd-121. Kozlow AD 280 Oak, surficial part of trunk 40cm thick, lying in sands with gravel, depth 7m, .5m deep in undercutting. From Kozlow, 6km NNE of Debica (50° 04' N, 21° 27' E). Comment (LS): estimated age of alluvia of river- bed facies: Atlantic. +2900 29,400 -2100 Gd-131. Brzeznica B/2 27,450 BC Clayey peat, lying on clays and covered by fluvial gravels and sands from depth 4.35 to 4.40m below surface. From Brzeznica, 7km NE of Debica (50° 04' N, 21° 28' E). Comment (LS): expected age of alluvia of oxbow lake facies: end of interstadial period. 54 W Moscicki and A Zastawny 10,100 ± 260 Gd-130. Debica B/2 8150 BC Cyperacae peat, partly decomposed, clayey, from core at depth 8.71 to 8.74m. From Debica, W of Kolejowa St (500 03' N, 210 25' E). Com- ment (LS): Late Glacial. F. Western Bieszczady 3140 ± 120 Gd-165. Zakole 1190 BC Fen-wood peat from Zakole on San R, distr Ustrzyki Dolne (49° 12' N, 22° 44' E). Raised bog, core in center. Sample covers bottom of organic sediment at depth 3.25 to 3.15m overlying contact with mineral bed. Coll April 1972 and subm by 114 Rolska-Jasiewicz, Bot Inst Polish Acad Sci, Cracow. Comment (MR-J): estimated age: beginning of Sub-Boreal period. II. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. North Poland Braniewo series Charcoal from cultural layers underlying pure sand ca lm thick from Grabina, 2.5km from Frombork, sandy hill at right shore of Bauda R (59° 21' 33" N, 19° 43' 50" E). Excavation on NW slope of the hill. Stand 1, Area 6, Quarter a; Area 14, Quarter b. Coil Aug 1972 and subm by M Maczkowska, Masurian 1VIus, Olsztyn. 2930 ± 95 Gd-150. Grabino III 980 BC Layer III, depth 1.10 to 1.25m from surface. 4830 ± 120 Gd-151. Grabino V 2880 BC Layer V, depth 1.30 to 1.50m from surface. Woryty series Charcoal from stone hearth at Olsztyn distr, from sand hill by Woryty village (53° 41' N, 20° 13' E). Coil June 1971 and subm by J Dabrowski, Inst Material Culture Hist, Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw. 1700 ± 100 Gd-135. Woryty 1.34 AD 250 Object 38, depth 38 to 60cm. 2100 ± 90 Gd-134. Koryty 2.77 150 BC Object 77, depth 60 to 115cm. General Comment (JD): settlement of Mazury-Warmia group of Lusatian culture. Late Bronze age. B. Central Poland Holy Cross Mt series Charcoal from NE foothills of Holy Cross Mt ca (51° 14' N, 210 07' Gliwice (Gdansk) Radiocarbon Dates III 55 E). Coil and subm by R Schild, Inst Material Culture Hist, Polish Acad Sci, Warsaw. 3500 ± 90 Gd-133. Polany Kolonie II 1550 BC From base of last phase of filling of newly discovered flint mine shaft at Polany Kolonie, distr Szydlowiec. Depth 60 to 70cm. Coil in 1971. Comment (RS): sediment consists of cultural debris with numerous limestone rubble and slabs in rendzina matrix. Cultural material, charcoal, rubble, and slabs are derived from mining dumps originally surrounding shafts of Late Neolithic or Early Bronze age. Since presence of more recent rendzina humus is established, dates are only minimum. Most probably slightly postdates flint mine. 2300 ± 200 Gd-134. Rydno IV 350 BC Pin us silvestris from fireplace on floor of Masovian final Paleolithic pit house at Rydno (Grzybowa Gora), Starachowice distr. Coil 1957. Com- ments: CO2 obtained from sample amounted to 35% of standard filling and 650 of `dead' CO2, was added. (RS): date much younger than expected. Compare dates at Calowanie from generally similar assemblages Gr N-5409: 8505 ± 90 BC, and GrN-5254: 7985 ± 110 BC. Nieborowa series Charcoal from campfire in Mesolithic flint assemblage, in top of alluvial sands. The uppermost, thin layer was reworked by wind processes. The campfire is C layer of soil. From Cheim Lubelski distr (51 ° 19' 43" N, 23 ° 29' 11" E). Coll 1965 to 1966 by H Mackiewicz. Subm by R Schild. 5730 ± 130 Gd-144. Nieborowa I/2 p 1 3780 BC Depth 60 to 95cm. 2400 ± 100 Gd-140. Nieborowa I/4 p 2 450 BC Depth 30 to 60cm. Comment (RS): archaeol site is probably from Boreal period. There is also some Neolithic and Early Bronze material at the site, situated in a denudational-erosional valley, incised into a hill `Pag6r Uhrski'. The hill is built of glacio-fluvial material of Middle Polish Glaciation. The valley was formed during regression phase of maximum of Last Glacial. Alluvial sands in the valley were set in the Holocene. C. South Poland Kielniki series Charcoal from crematory burial ground, Site 1, ca 1.5km from Olsztyn village (50° 45' N, 19° 19' E), E side at foot of limestone rocks, 40m S from limestone quarry `Kielniki' (Szydlowski, 1962). Coil Oct 1958 and subm by J Szydlowski, Upper Silesia Mus, Bytom. 56 W Moscicki and A Zastawny 920 ± 120 Gd-162. Kielniki B.22/1575:59 AD 1030 Pin us silvestris L from Quarter III, S part. Depth 40 to 50cm. 1400 ± 130 Gd-161. Kielniki B.22/1339:59 AD 550 Pin us silvestris L from Centre 7, below cultural layer, depth 50 to 70cm. 1920 ± 150 Gd-229. Lysa Gora S9 P9 AD 30 Charcoal from iron works, Site 9, Furnace 9, E slope of Lysa Gora Mt (50° 09' N, 21° 06' E), Kielce distr. Furnace hole excavated in ulidis- turbed loess, filled with iron ore slag. At base of furnace in fine-grained slag were remains of incompletely burned charcoal. Furnace hole was overlain by a layer of brown soil ca 20cm thick. Slope of mt covered by coniferous and deciduous forest. Coil 7/7/73 and subm by K Bielenin, Archaeol Mus, Cracow. Comment (KB): Lysa Gora iron works were found in 1969. They are preserved as 11 holes filled with slag set in lower parts of furnaces. Similar objects in other sites permit to suppose iron works of Lysa Gora were used in the early Middle ages. Botanical study of sample was made by I Gluza. The following species of plants were found in the charcoal: Tilia sp, Fagus silvatica L, and Populus sp or Salix sp. 5150 ± 180 Gd-164. Nowa Huta-M62 J416 3200 BC Carbonized cereal grains from pit on a N hill slope, Cracow, Nowa Huta (50° 04' N, 20° 04' E). Pit 416 was embedded in loess bedrock. Cereal grains formed a layer at base of pit and were overlain by brown soil 30 to 35cm thick. Coll June 1973 by M Godlawska, subm by I Gluza, Archaeol Mus, Cracow. Comment (IG): carbonized plant material was coll from 2 places: S situated higher and N 10cm lower. Sample subm for dating comes from N part and contains some admixture fruit and seeds of weeds (Bromus sp, Polygonum sp). Based on achaeol context, sample age was defined by MG as Neolithic, middle phase of Lengyel culture. 910 ± 120 Gd-163. Krakow-Planty P 5 AD 1040 Carbonized oak from pale in Cracow park, Okol-Skarpa site, Tr III, area 17.45 to 18.20m (50° 03' N, 19° 56' E). Pale 5 was below an earth scarp at depth 230cm (top) below present surface, 50cm above sandy sub- stratum. Coil June 1973 and subm by T Radwanska, Archaeol Mus, Cracow. Comment (TR): Pale 5 was part of palisade consisting of a row of vertical pales and probably occasionally planks. The parts of palisade visible when found were carbonized. On the inner (W) side, the palisade was bordered by clay with sand and coal fragments. Pale 5 was part of palisade protecting settlement from the E. Age based on stratigraphy: VI-XIII century. Gliwice (Gdansk) Radiocarbon Dates 111 57

III. WATER SAMPLES A. Legnica-Gdogdw Copper Basin Activity (% of Coil Depth 0.95A0X Lab no. Sample description date Gd-43 Shallow water spring Stream at Lubin Legnicki 6/12/64 0-1 1.0 Gd-42 Tap water in Polkowice 6/11/64 1.4 Gd-68/69 Borehole A, drilled 9 mos before sampling Borehole B 5/19/65 90 0.6 Gd-85 Recent boring 5/23/66 3.0 Gd-86 After 7 hr bailing 5/23/66 2.5 Gd-87 Ca 1 mo after boring Borehole C 6/19/66 80 2.5 Gd-88 Recent boring 12/21 /66 3.0 Gd-91 Ca 3 mos after boring 3/29/67 2.0 Gd-90 Borehole D, recent boring 12/21/66 2.5 Gd-70 Shaft I 5/21/65 0.7 Gd-84 Shaft III 5/24/66 1.5

General Comment: this study was intended to 1) compare the activity of shallow water from L-G Copper Basin with contemporary samples from Europe, 2) to check accuracy of sampling method and measurement, 3) to determine amount of water leaking into borehole during drilling and rate of disappearance from the borehole, 4) to establish water sources in shafts (Jureczko et al, 1974).

B. Rybnik Coal Region Site is ca 50° 00' to 500 10' N, 18° 35' E. Results of measurements are given in % activity of 0.95A0X NBS. Gd-222. Draw well-Niedobczyce 95.0 ± 5.0% Draw well in Niedobczyce village (500 03' 40" N, 30' E). Depth lOm. Coil July 73.

Shaft AZ-1 series Water outflow from wall of shaft crossing a water-bearing gypsum bed. Samples were mixture of water from 3 separated outflows. Depth 50m.

Sample Coil date % of 0.95A0 NBS Gd-169 2/3/73 49.0 ± 5.0 Gd-213 5/ 17/73 40.2± 1.0 58 11/ Moscicki and A Zastawny Shaft AJ-1 series Water leakage from wall, depth 160m. Sample Coll date % of 0.95A0 NBS Gd-132 6/30/72 41.0 ± 1.0 Gd-168 2/3/72 33.3 ± 3.7 Gd-200 5/17/73 31.6±3.0 Shaft CC-1 series Outflow from wall of gallery traversing a sandy crevice near fault. Depth 390m. Sample Coll date % of 0.95A0X NBS Gd-199 3/15/73 12.6 2.0* Gd-242 11/14/73 1.8 0.7

* COQ. from sample diluted with inactive CO. Shaft RJ-1 series Zone of great tectonic disturbances, great dispersed water outflow, depth 400m. Sample Coll date jo of 0.95A0Y NBS Gd-99 1/25/72 0.2 ±0.5 Gd-111 3/28/72 2.8 ± 0.7 Gd-155 1/22/73 2.9 ±0.6 Gd-207 5/22/73 1.4±0.8 Gd-223 8/ 10/73 3.4 ± 0.7 Gd-237 10/24/73 2.8 ± 0.8 Gd-244 12/12/73 2.4± 0.9 Shaft R VI-1 series Water leakage from ceiling of cutting leading to coal bed. Gallery ca lOnl above sampling place is actually deluged. Depth 400m, ca 2km from Shaft RJ. Sample Coll date % of 0.95A0X NBS Gd-100 1/27/72 30.5 Gd-117 4/14/72 23.8 0.5 Gd-148 10/ 12/72 26.7 Gd-156 1/22/73 20.3 Gd-196 3/5/73 24.4 1.6 Gd-205 5/25/73 11.1 1.3 Gd-238 10/24/73 15.0 0.8 Gd-249 12/ 12/73 18.6 0.9 Gd-218. Shaft RR-1 1.4 ± 0.5% Outflow in the testing gallery leading to fault region. Depth 430m. Coll July 1973. Gliwice (Gdansk) Radiocarbon Dates 111 59

General Comment: extracting levels of mines exploiting coal beds in S part of Upper Silesia coal field lay at depths from 200 to 600m. The pit shafts penetrate layers of Quaternary deposits, Tertiary sediments (from tens to several hundred m thick) and Upper Carboniferous formations. Between Carboniferous and Tertiary sediments, (mostly clays) a water- bearing layer of fine sands extends from a few to several dozen m. The carboniferous sediments show serious tectonic activity marked by numerous faults, displacements of strata and folds. In the region of tectonic disturbances, water from the water-bearing Tertiary sands can penetrate to deeper parts of carboniferous. This study was made to determine con- nections of inflow of water in mines with surface water, Jureczko et al (1974). REFERENCES Dumanowski, B, Jahn, A, and Szczepanikiewicz, S, 1962, The Holocene Lower Silesia in the light of results of the first radiocarbon dating: Acad Polonaise Sci Bull, v 10, no. 1, Warszawa. Jureczko, J, Moscicki, WL, and Zastawny, A, 1974, Studies on 1''C activity of water from deep coal mines of Rybnik coal area in Poland, Internatl conf application nat radioactive isotopes in hydrology: Katowice, May 1974, p 270. Moscicki, Wl, 1953, On the use of CO2 + CS2 filled GM counters for age determination: Acta Physica Polonica, v XII, fasc 3-4, p 238-240. First results of age determination of fossil wood in Poland by the 14C method: Acta Geol Polonica, v 3, no. 1, p 187-189. 1958, On the use of GM counters filled with a mixture of CO2 + CS2 for the measurement of the activity of natural carbon: Acta Physica Polonica, v XVII, fasc 5, p 311-343. 1961, Note on the effects due to pulse-delay phenomena in CO2 + CS2 GM counters: Acta Physica Polonica, v XX, fasc 1, p 59-65. Moscicki, W1, and Zastawny, A, 1962a, Gdansk '4C dating laboratory measurements: Acta Physica Polonica, v XXII, fasc 2-8, p 189-193. 1962b, Apparatus used in the Laboratory of absolute geochronology for determining the age of sample by 14C procedure: Nukleonika, v VII, no. 12, p 801-817. Moscicki, Wl et al, 1967, Gdansk 14C Laboratory measurements: Acta Physica Polonica, v XXXII, fasc 1-7, p 39-43. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 60-88] LYON NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS VI J EVIN, G MARTEN and Ch PACHIAUDI Laboratoire de radiocarbone, Department de Geologie Universite Lyon I Institut de Physique nucleaire, 69 Villeurbanne, France

INTRODUCTION This list includes most of the samples measured during 1974 and most of those measured previously but not published in the preceding date list (R, 1975, v 17, p 4-34.) Up to the end of 1974 no changes were made to counting techniques or to chemical treatments. Two proportional detectors filled with 2 atm CO2 and a liquid scintillation spectrometer with a 5cm lead shield continued to be used. Normally the liquid scintillation vessel is filled with 3m1 C6H6, but with lOml C6H6, a dating limit of 50,000 yr is possible (see Ly-900, below). Ages are calculated using 1950 as reference year and the half-life value 5570. It has not been thought necessary to add ± 30 yr uncertainty to this half-life value which is purely conventional. Statistical errors corresponding to one standard deviation include contemporary standard, background, and sample counts. Generally no age corrections were made either from the 'C values or from the calibration table of dendrochronology. A 13C correction was 613C 613C made for bones using measured values or using = -20 ± 4% according to Lerman (1972).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Yvette Durand and Gerard Drevon for chemical preparations and most routine operations. We are grateful to j Flandrin, the professors of the Dept of Geology, for their continuous support, and to A Sarrazin and the staff of the Nuclear Physics Institute for their help and technical assistance. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Samples from fluvial sediments: France, Italy, Spain, and Cambodia Modern Ly-31. Bokeo, Cambodia 614C = +5.5% ± 4.9 Wood from Bokeo Ratanakiri Prov, Cambodia (13° 41' N, 107° 42' E). Coil from a prospecting shaft and subm 1966 by M Lacombe, Ecole Mines, Saint-Etienne. Believed from gravel lying between a basalt flow and volcanic ash. Comment: date proves wood is recent and probably comes from a pit-prop. 310 -¢- 90 Ly-185. Pozo Valls 1, Spain An 1640 Wood from a mine shaft at Pozo Valls near Hostalrich, Barcelona 60 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiandi 61 Prov (410 44' N, 20 37' E). Coil and subm 1967 by B Plus, Paris. Com- ment: although expected to be interstadial, sample is recent. 300 ± 200 Ly-957. Caldaro 2, Bolzano, Italy AD 1650 Wood from fluvio-glacial drift near Caldaro, Bolzano Prov (46° 23' N, 11° 15' E). Coil by M Fresche and subm 1973 by R Vivian, Inst Geog Alpine. Comment: expected age was ca 5000 BP; wood may have been buried by a landslide. 190 ± 110 Ly-765. Aubenasson, Drome AD 1760 Wood from an erosion slope adjoining a terrace of Drome R at Aubenasson, Drome (44° 41' N, 5° S' E). Coll 1970 and subm 1972 by M Archambault, Univ Orleans. Comment (MA): date proves wood is modern; possibly a tree root. 400 ± 110 Ly-764. Le Petit Signol, Loriol sur Rhone, Drome AD 1550 Wood from a terrace of Rhone R at Le Petit Signol near Loriol sur Rhone, Drome (44° 41' N, 4° 49' E). Coil 1970 and subm 1972 by M Archambault. May also be a root that has penetrated into terrace gravel. Comment (MA): date confirms last hypothesis. Wood cannot be used for dating terrace. 870 ± 120 Ly-762. Rourebeau, Upaix, Hautes-Alpes AD 1080 Fragment of tree trunk from 3.5m depth in alluvium of Durance R at Rourebeau, near Upaix, Hautes-Alpes (44° 19' N, 6° 53' E). Coil and subm 1972 by M Archambault. Comment (MA): date does not agree with expected age; shows enclosing alluvia are recent and overlay retreat alluvia of Wurm Glacier. 4370 ± 130 Ly-901. La Bernardiere, Le Grand Serre, Drome 2420 BC Wood from highest terrace of Galaure R at La Bernardiere near Le Grand Serre, Drome (45° 16' N, 5° 5' E). Coil and subm 1972 by G Montjuvent, Inst Dolomieu, Grenoble. Comment (GM): younger than expected, proves rapid alluviation in valley. Le Grand Rochefort series, Varces, Isere Samples from boring in postglacial clayey sediments of Grenoble region at Le Grand Rochefort near Varces, Isere (45° 51' N, 5° 40' E). Coil and subm 1972 by G Montjuvent. Dated to determine rate of postglacial alluviation. 4090 ± 130 Ly-902. Grand Rochefort de Varces, bois 2140 BC Wood from 12m depth embedded at base of a clayey layer. 62 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiandi 10,080 ± 180 Ly-903. Grand Rochefort de Varces, tourbe 8130 BC Peat from a sandy clayey layer. General Comment (GM): dates agree with prehistoric and sedimentologic data. 9900 ± 160 Ly-969. Voiron, Isere 7950 BC Calcareous tufa found under foundations of a house in Voiron, Isere (45° 21' N, 5° 34' E). Coll and subm 1974 by G Montjuvent. Com- ment (GM): some paleosols are embedded in tufa. Although original 14C value for this type of material is doubtful, as expected, date indicates beginning of post-Wurmian period. 10,900 ± 280 Ly-876. Tuf des Parbiers, Lazer, Hautes-Alpes 8950 BC Calcareous tuf a, from bank of Les Barbiers R near Lazer, Hautes- Alpes (44° 21' N, 5° 50' E). Coll and subm 1973 by M Archambault. Tufa overlies a clayey layer with wood previously dated, Ly-555: 9250 ± 190 (R, 1973, v 15, p 516). Comment (MA): age considered maximum; using 80% modern as '4C original value for this continental calcareous material, date, ca 9000 BP is obtained, which confirms previous value. B. Peat bog samples: Trance and Italy 2740 ± 110 Ly-819. Val di Sangro 1 Pescara, Italy 790 BC Carbonaceous earth from 18m depth in boring in lacustrine deposits in Val di Sangro, Pescara Prov (47° 2' N, 14° 21' E) (Del Prete & Ger- richio, 1974). Coll 1973 by M Del Prete and subm 1973 by G S Tazioli, Fac ingegneria, Univ Ban, Italy. Comment (GST): date confirms paleontologic and geologic data. L'Isle sur la Sorgue series, Vaucluse Clayey peat from 2 layers in a road drain near L'Isle sur la Sorgue, Vaucluse (45° 55' N, 5° 2' E). Coll 1972 and subm 1973 by H Triat, Lab Palynol, Univ Marseille III. 4450 ± 150 Ly-911. L'Isle sur la Sorgue 210 2500 BC Expected climatic phase: Sub-Boreal, 210cm above reference level. 6880 ± 180 Ly-910. L'Isle sur la Sorgue, 10 4930 BC 10cm above reference level. Expected climatic phase: end of Atlantic. General Comment (HT): both dates are older than expected. Ly-910 places the Quercus pabescens Willd increase in pollen diagram in middle of Atlantic period, whereas Ly-911 dates an early deforestation at Sub-Boreal. Lyon .\Tatl(J Ll Radiocarbon Measurements VI 63 Le Plan du Laus, Sondage 772 series, Alpes de Haute Provence Peat from several layers in boring in Le Plan du Laus peat bog near Allos, Alpes du Haute Provence (44° 14' N, 6° 42' E). Coil 1972 and subm 1973 by J L de Beaulieu, Lab Palynol, Univ Marseille III. 5820 ± 150 Ly-995. Plan du Laus, Sondage 772, 245cm 3870 BC Marks beginning of Sub-Boreal with start of Larix pollen curve. 7310 ± 140 Ly-960. Plan du Laus, Sondage 772, 305cm 5360 BC Marks Abies maximum in Atlantic period. 8630 ± 200 Ly-996. Plan du Laus, Sondage 772, 463cm 6680 BC Marks middle of Boreal before beginning of Abies. 8320 ± 180 Ly-997. Plan du Laus, Sondage 772, 475cm 6370 BC Same layer as Ly-996. 8970 ± 210 Ly-998. Plan du Laus, Sondage 772, 525cm 7020 BC Marks preponderance of Pin us at beginning of Boreal. 8820 ± 370 Ly-961. Plan du Laus, Sondage 772, 585cm 6870 BC Same layer as Ly-998. General Comment (JLB): all results agree with stratigraphy and expected date range. Pollen diagrams show Abies occurred at beginning of Atlantic period as usual in all w Alps. Larix forest in area of site grew at end of Atlantic period. Lac de Creno series, Corsica Peat from 2 neighboring boreholes (1 and 6) in Lac de Creno peat bog near Orto, Corsica (43° 12' N, 8° 56' E). Coll 1973 and subm 1974 by M Reille, Lab Palynol, Univ Marseille III (Reille, 1975). 1650 ± 160 Ly-915. Lac de Creno, Sondage 1, 45 to 50cm AD 300 Young peat from 45 to 50cm depth. Beginning of Fagus silvatica increase on slope of Rotondo Massif, Sub-Atlantic. Comment (MR): results confirm Ly-964: 1550 ± 65 BP (unpub) which dates same event in pollen diagram of neighboring Borehole 5. 5600 ± 230 Ly-965. Lac de Creno, Sondage 6, 417 to 422em 3650 BC Peat and wood from 417 to 422cm depth. End of Atlantic period. Beginning of decline of Erica arborea and Alnus glutinosa in Corsica. 64 f Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi 8000 ± 160 Ly-912. Lac de Creno, Sondage 6, 505 to 510cm 6050 BC Greenish organic clay from 505 to 510cm depth. According to pollen spectra, layer dates from beginning of Atlantic period. Comment (MR): because of a hiatus corresponding to all Boreal period, layer overlies Pre-Boreal, which probably causes date to be too old. A comparable layer, but one stratigraphically more extended in Atlantic period, gives a normal younger date in Lac de Creno Borehole 2, Ly-643: 7570 ± 120 BP (unpub). 10,420 ± 260 Ly-914. Lac de Creno, Sondage 6, 515 to 525cm 8470 BC Greenish organic clay from 515 to 525cm depth. End of Dryas III or beginning of Pre-Boreal. Comment (MR): as in Greece (Bottema, 1974, GrN-4875: 10,190 ± 90 BP) date marks fall of Artemisia pollen curve. 10,250 ± 420 Ly-964. Lac de Creno, Sondage 6, 533 to 540cm 8300 BC Greenish organic clay from 533 to 540cm depth. End of Dryas III, beginning of fall of Artemisia pollen curve. Comment (MR): Ly-914 and -964 appear stratigraphically inverted but remain in statistical ranges. Ly-913. Lac de Creno, Sondage 6, 12,080 ± 230 540 to 550cm 10,130 BC Greenish organic clay from 540 to 550cm. Comment (MR): minimum of Artemisia pollen curve, attributed either to a wet climatic fluctuation during Dryas III period or Allerod period; in both cases, date is too old. C. Samples from glacial or pen glacial sediments: France and Switzerland Entre deux Eaux series, Termignon, Savoie Wood from alt 2100m above present timberline at Entre Deux Eaux near Termignon, Savoie (45° 22' N, 6° 50' E). Coil by C Ponson and subm 1973 by R Vivian. 450 ± 200 Ly-956. Entre Deux Eaux 2 AD 1500 Wood splinter from an old chalet in Dome de Chassefort, Alpage. 420 ± 180 Ly-955. Entre Deux Eaux 1 AD 1520 Wood embedded in a peat bog near Les Richard, Alpage. General Comment (RV): both dates indicate arboreal vegetation on slopes of Dome de Chassefort during historic period, and demonstrate rapid peat bog growth. 4470 ± 150 Ly-891. Saint Martin de Belleville, Savoie 2220 BC Fragment of a tree trunk embedded in a peat bog at alt 1970m in glacial alluvium of Peclet-Thorens Glacier near Saint Martin de Belle- Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 65 vile, Savoie (450 22' N, 6° 30' E). Coil and subm 1973 by R Vivian. Comment (RV): agrees with expected age and indicates timberline rise previously dated in France and Switzerland (see R, 1975, v 17, p 7). Ly-877. Praz Rodet, Le Brassus, 12,270 ± 210 Vaud, Switzerland 10,250 BC Fragments of mammoth tusk (Elephas primigenius) from Praz-Rodet near Le Brassus, Vaud (46° 35' N, 6° 13' E). Coil 1969 and subm 1973 by M Weidman, Geol Mus, Lausanne. Complete mammoth skeleton was found at alt 1070m, at lm depth in redeposited morainic sediments. May be contemporaneous with last retreat of 'Wurm glacier (Aubert, 1970). Expected age: 10,000 to 15,000 BC. Skeleton is now exhibited in Lausanne Geol Mus (Weidmann, 1969; 1974). Comment (MW): corresponds well with expected age; shows end melting of Jura ice cap occurred fairly early. 3400 30,100 ± 2600 Ly-1002. Vautubiere n° 3.13, Bouches du Rhone 28,150 BC Charcoal from Level 13 in Coudoux quarry in Vautubiere valley near Lancon, Bouches du Rhone (43° 34' N, 5° 13' E). Coil 1972 and subm 1974 by P Ambert, Lab geog phys, Aix Marseille II. Level 13 lies between 2 series of Wurmian eolian sediments (Ambert et al, 1974). 1900 Comment (PA): in statistical range of Ly-769: 31,900 ± 1500, confirms attribution to beginning of Wurm III (R, 1975, v 17, p 9). 31,100 ± 1000 Ly-875. Les Sauziers, Lazer, Hautes-Alpes 29,150 BC Fragment of tree trunk rooted in slope of a hill overlain by a moraine, at Les Sauziers near Lazer, Hautes-Alpes (44° 21' N, 5° 52' E). Coll 1967 and subm 1973 by M Archambault (1968). Comment (MA): confirms previous measurement, I-5023: 31,450 ± 1300 BP and attributes a Wurm III or IV age to moraine unless enclosing sediments were redeposited from moraine as slope deposits. Verinay series, Ain Wood from upper and lower part of an interglacial series lying between 2 moraines at Verinay near Chanay, Ain (45° 59' N, 5° 47' E). Coll and subm 1968 (Verinay I) or 1970 (Verinay II) by J Evin and P Donze, Geol Dept, Univ Lyon I. 3100 Ly-236. Verinay I, sommet 26,250 ± 2200 From upper layer. 2300 Ly-235. Verinay I, base 33,600 ± 1350 From lower layer. 66 J Evin, G Marien and Clz Pachiandi Ly-338. Verinay II, sommet >32,000 From upper layer. Ly-337. Verinay II, base >33,600 General Comment (PD): comparison of Verinay I and Verinay II results shows insufficient chemical treatment of Verinay I samples infinite; age implies sediments are not Wurm III/IV. To demonstrate that it is not Wurm II/III interstadial, other measurements will be made with a more precise detector. All the geologic features of the sediments suggest, rather, the Riss/Wurm interglacial according to geologic data in France and Switzerland (bonze et al, 1971). Ly-959. Col du Pignon, Aspres sur Buech, Hautes-Alpes >32,700 Small pieces of charcoal from clayey lacustrine sediments at Le Pignon Pass near Aspres sur Buech (44° 30' N, 5° 45' E). Coil 1972 by M Duluc and subm 1973 by G Montjuvent. Comment (GM): date does not invalidate Riss/Wurm interglacial attribution. Ly-900. La Flachere, Isere >45,000 Wood from clayey layer with lignite lying between 2 moraines in a quarry near La Buissiere and La Flachere, Isere (45° 23' N, 5° 57' E) (Bourdier, 1961). Coll and subm 1972 by G Montjuvent. Dated with lOml benzene and lml scintillating toluene in especially shielded spectrometer. Comment (GM): shows practical limit of dating; seems to ex- clude a Wurm II/III interstadial attribution to the lignite; it can only be either Wurm I/II or Riss/Wurm. D. Bone samples from grottoes: France 28,400 ± 700 Ly-820. Le Plo Del May, Verdalle, Tarn 26,450 BC Bone from clayey layer with rich fauna underlying a stalagmitic floor in Plo del May grotto near Verdalle, Tarn (43° 20' N, 2° 9' E). Coil 1973 by R P Pierre-Marie and subm 1973 by F Prat, Inst Quaternaire, Bordeaux. Comment (FP): despite fairly old age, bones still contained 8% organic matter, perhaps due to upper stalagmitic floor that reduced water infiltrations. Result attributes fauna to Wurm III concurring with sedimentologic and paleontologic data (Laville et al, 1972). Jaurens series, Correze Bones from Jaurens grotto near Nespouls, Correze (45° 2' N, 1° 41' E). Coll and subm by C Guerin, 1969 & 1972, Geol Dept, Univ Lyon I. Bones were embedded in clayey floor of grotto, assoc with rich Late Wurm fauna (Guerin, 1970). 29,300 ± 1400 Ly-359. Jaurens 1 27,350 BC Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 67 3000 30,350 ± 1900 Ly-892. Jaurens 2 28,400 BC Both dates agree statistically and indicate beginning of Wurm III. Although different, Jaurens and Sirejol (see below) fauna are contemporaneous. Sirejol series, Lot Bones from Sirejol grotto, near Gignac, Lot (44° 59' N, 1° 29' E). Coll 1971 and 1973 by M Philippe and subm 1972 and 1973 by C Guerin. Grotto contains filling of fossiliferous clayey lumps. It is presently entered only through a narrow gallery which opens 1st into a small cave containing Hallstatt burials. Inside the main cave, underlying the entrance of the gallery, is a little rubbish-cone whose sediments seem younger than main clayey filling (Guerin 8 Philippe, 1971). 2590 ± 140 Ly-928. Sirejol, sepulture n° 4 640 BC From Hallstatt sepultures. 4290 ± 350 Ly-927. Sirejol, petit eboulis n° 3 2340 BC From rubbish-cone. 1800 31,300 ± 1600 Ly-614. Sirejol, remplissage principal n° 1 29,350 BC From main filling. 1600 29,100 ± 1300 Ly-767. Sirejol, remplissage principal n° 2 27,150 BC From main filling. General Comment (CG): Ly-928 confirms archaeologic attribution of burial. Ly-927 confirms rubbish-cone is younger than main clayey filling. Ly-614 and -767 are in statistical agreement and their average is: Ly-614/ 767: 30,100 ± 1200 BP, indicating beginning of Wi rm III, consistent with f aunal study. Ly-979. Nauterie, La Romieu, Gers 29,000 Bones from Level 2 in Nauterie Grotto near La Romieu, Gers (44° 2' N, 0° 30' E). Coil and subm 1973 by F Prat et C Thibault, Inst Quaternaire, Univ Bordeaux I. Clayey layer enclosing bones is overlain by a stalagmitic floor, the upper part of the grotto filling. Comment (FP 8 CT): older than expected; grotto was probably filled before Wurm III. E. Shell samples from coastal sediments: Italy, Senegal and Mauritania Sibari series, Italy Samples from Casa Bianca at Sibari, Calabria, Italy (39° 47' N, 16° 27' E). Coil 1973 by G Melidoro and subm 1973 by G S Tazioli. 68 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi 860 ± 120 Ly-878. Sibari 1 AD 1090 Cerastoderma shells. 2330 ± 120 Ly-879. Sibari 2 380 BC Fragment of a tree trunk (Tamarix Gallia-Webb). General Comment (GM): both measurements made to confirm archaeologic dating of old buried town of Sibari and to study subsidence process of the coastal plain (Guerricchio & Melidoro, 1975). Results approximate subsidence and help date archaeologic layers. Lac Retba series, Senegal Shells from marine terrace and kitchen midden on Retba lakeside 28km NE Dakar, Senegal (14° 50' N, 17° 13' W). Coil and subm 1974 by P Elouard, Dept Geol, Univ Lyon I. Ly-887. Lac Retba, base, kitchen 680 130 midden WS 4 AD 1270 Arca senelis and Dorinia sp. Ly-888. Lac Retba, sommet, kitchen 1170 100 midden WS 5 AD 780 Arca senelis. 1130 ± 470 Ly-889. Lac Retba, poterie WS 6 AD 880 Small amount of charred organic matter included in pottery. 1140 ± 100 Ly-885. Lac Retba, terrasse WS 2 AD 810 Arca senelis. 2140 ± 110 Ly-886. Lac Retba, sable blanc WS 3 AD 190 Arca senelis and Dorinia sp. General Comment (PE): dates prove that salt-water lagoon sediments around Retba Lake are recent and contemporaneous with human occupation. A similar date for a shell-fishing settlement was previously dated in mid-west Senegal at Bangalare Bolon in Salaun R Delta (see 4 Ly dates: R, 1975, v 17, p 13). Retba lake is at present very salty due to evaporation since closing, <1000 yr ago. 2630 ± 110 Ly-890. Lac Tanma, Senegal 250 BC Area senelis from .40m depth in a marine terrace near Tanma lake, 45km NW Dakar (14° 54' N, 17° 5' W). Coll and subm 1974 by P Elouard. Comment (PE): younger than expected, shows Tanma lake, like Retba Lake, remained in connection with the sea until recently. Such a recent age for marine sediments is found also in uplifted beaches Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 69 in Dakar region at Cap Manuel: T-725: 2470 ± 70 BP (unpub) and at Les Almandies beach: Ly-812: 3130 ± 240 BP (R, 1975, v 17, p 14). 4280 ± 160 Ly-884. Sondage en mer, Bale de Han WS15 2330 BC Pitaria tumens from - 4 to - 5m layer in cuttings of offshore boring at 8.5m depth in Han bay, between Mbao and Tiaroye sur Mer, 15km SE Dakar, Senegal (14° 40' N, 17° 20' W). Coil and subm 1973 by P Elouard. Comment (PE): date corresponds to late Nouakchottian and shows that sedimentation rate in Han bay is low. Rao Peul and Gandon series, Mauritania with 3 pairs of shell samples from tops and bases of marine terraces Area senelis near Rao Peul (15° 54' N, 16° 26' W), Gandon II (15° 57' N, 16° 25' near Saint Louis 16° 26' W), or Gandon III (15° 56' N: W), Senegal. Coll 1973 by J Monteillet, Saint-Lours and subm 1974 by P Elouard. 4670 ± 120 Ly-982. Rao Peul sommet NK a 1 2720 BC Area senelis, alt +2m. 5250 ± 120 Ly-983. Rao Peul base NK e 5 3300 BC Area senelis, alt +0.4m. 4720 ± 140 Ly-986. Gandon III sommet NK a 1 2770 BC Area senelis, alt +2m. 5590 ± 140 Ly-987. Gandon III base NK e 5 3640 BC Area senelis, alt +0.7m. 3410 ± 130 Ly-984. Gandon III sommet NK a 1 1460 BC Tymponotouns sp; alt ca +2m. 5650 ± 150 Ly-985. Gandon II base NK C4 3700 BC Area senelis alt +1.2m. General Comment (PE): from 3 pairs of results, date of base is ca 5500 BP and corresponds to maximal Nouakchottian transgression (Elouard, 1968); see also T-404: 5570 ± 120, and Ly-350: 5510 ± 120 BP from Nouakchott (R, 1975, v 17, p 15). 3 pairs of dates for top decrease toward NW as expected, marking beginning of regression, seems earlier than expected. Khant de Saint-Louis series, Senegal Area senelis, from a kitchen midden, a sand dune and a marine terrace overlain by another kitchen midden in Le Marigot de Khant, 15km E of Saint-Louis, Senegal (16° 8' N, 16° 27' W). Coil 1971 and 70 J Eviii, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi subm 1974 by P Elouard. Le Marigot de Khant formed a deep lagoon, open to the sea.

5340 ± 120 Ly-988. Saint-Louis SL 10 3390 BC Shells from kitchen midden overlying marine terrace. 5410 ± 120 Ly-989. Saint-Louis SL 11 3460 BC Shells from marine terrace.

5650 x-140 Ly-990. Saint-Louis SL 13 3700 BC Shells from kitchen midden overlying dune. General Comment (PE): 3 results indicate that terrace and kitchen middens are Nouakchottian. Small difference between Ly-990 (a little older) and 2 other dates shows that fishermen settlement followed sea- level regression; comparable dates for human occupation were previously found in regions more open to the sea, eg, at Rao terrace, T-463: 5470± 110 BP (Elouard et al, 1966).

II. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Bronze to Historic periods Ly-870. Tumulus de Mijoux, Modern La Faucille, Ain S14C = +0.25% ± 1.40 Wood from floor in an Iron age tumulus at 11'Iijoux near, La Faucille, Ain (46° 4' N, 6° 0' E). Coil and subm 1973 by M Labarrere, Gex. Comment (ML): date proves that tumulus was used recently as hunting shelter or look-out post. 365 ± 130 Ly-905. Saint-Jacut de la Mer, Cotes du Nord AD 1505 Human skull from a common grave in an old cemetery near Saint- Jacut de la Mer, Cotes du Nord (48° 36' N, 2° 12' W). Coil 1970 by M Thebault and subm 1973 by J C Menes, Bernin, Isere. Expected age: from 5th century AD to time of French Revolution (Lemasson, 1912). Com- ment (JCM): grave must be from cemetery of Abbey of Saint-Jacut, whose site was unknown till now. 575 ± 125 Ly-871. Clairiere de Girieux, Proveysieux, Isere AD 1375 Charcoal from hearth 45cm deep, assoc with supposed Chalcolithic industry in an open air site at Girieux quarry near Proveysieux Isere (45° 15' N, 5° 40' E). Coll 1972 and subm 1973 by lvI Malenfant, Grenoble. Comment (MM): date proves hearth is not contemporary with industry. Either it was dug into archaeologic layers or industry comes from elsewhere. Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 71 1510 ± 220 Ly-898. Soyons, Ardeche AD 440 Human bones from 4m depth in excavation for a road at S Soyons, Ardeche (44° 53' N, 4° 5' E). Coil 1973 by R 11lartin, Valence, and subm by P Elouard. From 2m under a Gallo-Roman layer; expected age: 2500 to 1000 BC. Comment: date does not agree with expected age, indicates either a landslide of Gallo-Roman deposits or a deep inhumation. 1770 ± 120 Ly-899. Necropole de St Just-Lyon Rhone AD 180 Human bones from Gallo-Roman sarcophagus from cemetery around foundations of several Paleochristian to Middle age churches in Les Macchabes St, near Saint-Just, Lyon, Rhone (45° 46' N, 4° 50' E). Coil and subm 1972 by J F Reynaud, Univ Lyon II. Comment (JFR): considering statistical range, sarcophagus was not reused in Carolingian time ca AD 800 as presumed). Grigny series, Rhone Wood from handles of metallic objects dredged from Rhone R at Grigny, Rhone (45° 36' N, 4° 47' E). Coil 1970 and subm 1971 by G Chapotat, Centre recherche Archeol, Vienne, Isere. 2160 ± 160 Ly-954. Grigny RH 43 210 BC Fragment of Abies from bargeman's iron boot hook, attributed to La Tf ne period or younger. 2200 ± 320 Ly-953. Grigny RH 15 250 BC Fragment of Buxus or Cornus from a bronze staff attributed to Bronze age, but this type of staff may also be younger. 3070 ± 110 Ly-952. Grigny RH 12 1120 BC Fragment of Fraxinus from a bronze staff "a oeillet en aillerons medians" attributed to Bronze age (Chapotat, 1971). General Comment (GC): Ly-952 indicates beginning of Late Bronze or end of Middle Bronze age, as normal for this type of staff; Ly-953 is 500 yr too young for Bronze age but may indicate that staff was used later; Ly-954 proves this type of boot hook, still used during the last century, remained unchanged for 2000 yr. Ly-881. Mehatze, Unite B, Itassou, 2380 ± 130 Pyrenees Atlantiques 430 BC Charcoal from clayey sediments from an incineration cist in 1\lehatze necropolis near Itassou, Pays Basque, Pyrenees Atlantiques (43° 18' N, ° 1 25' W). Coil and subm 1973 by C Chauchat, Inst Quaternaire, Bor- deaux. No industry has been found in these graves; their attribution to 1st Iron age depends on architectural comparisons. Comment (CC): 72 J Erin, G Marien and Cli Pachiaudi seems to confirm attribution to 1st Iron age; sample comes from last built part of site. 2400 ± 160 Ly-904. Lezoux, Puy de Dome 450 BC Human bones from a Gallo-Roman necropolis at Lezoux, Puy de Dome (45° 49' N, 3° 22' E). Coil by H Vertet and subm 1973 by M Dumontet, Dir Antiquites historiques, Clermont Ferrand. Site includes 2 cemeteries: from Protohistoric period (some centuries Be), the other from the Roman period (1st to 4th centuries AD). Bones were expected from younger graves cutting through both cemeteries. Comment: despite submitter's opinion and archaeologic evidence, bones probably come from Protohistoric period, or at latest, beginning of Roman. Vendenheim series, Bas Rhin Charcoal from 2 graves in Vendenheim site, Bas Rhin (48° 40' N, 7° 42' E). Coil and subm 1973 by A Thevenin, Dir antiquites prehistoriques, Strasbourg. 2370 ± 100 Ly-867. Vendenheim no 2 420 BC Samples from a grave 1.80m deep, assoc with La Tene or Bronze industry. Coil 1973 by j Sainty. Comment (AT): date indicates La Tene period. 4870 } 110 Ly-866. Vendenheim n° 1 2920 BC Sample from a grave 1.50m deep with industry of Lingolsheim group type (between Michelsberg and Poinconne types). Coil 1973 by F Wendling. Comment (AT): date a little older than expected but feasible. Nearest 14C result in region is from Level X at La Baume de Gonvillars, Haute Saone, assoc with industry of Rossen-Michelsberg type, Gif-466: 5000 ± 250 (R, 1970, v 12, p 429) which, as normal, is a little older. Ly-880. Grotte de la Balme, 2450 ± 110 Sollieres-Sardieres, Savoie 500 BC Charcoal from hearths in La Balme Grotto at Sollieres-Sardieres, Savoie (45° 16' N, 6° 48' E). Coil and subm 1973 by A Bocquet, Inst Dolomieu, Grenoble. Hearths were a few cm from late Bronze II ceramics (ca 900 BC) and included some Early Bronze or Chalcolithic pottery. Comment (AB): too young for Late Bronze II, even with 3r statistical range, so date indicates subsequent use of site that contaminated Proto- historic hearth. 2870 ± 100 Ly-872. Les Champs vieux 72 Z'3 Haute-Loire 920 BC Charcoal assoc with carbonaceous earth from Les Champs-Vieux site near Solignac sur Loire (44° 58' N, 3° 42' E). Coil 1972 by R Liabeuf and subm 1973 by M Phiiibert, Le Puy. Samples were in group at level of Late Neolithic industry, comparable to one previously measured at Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 73 Le Rond du Levrier site, Salette, Hauteloire; Ly-194: 3370 ± 210 BP (R, 1971, v 13, p 59). Comment (1VIP): much younger than expected; probably proves charcoal came from overlying Late Bronze occupation level and fell through very aerated upper layer (Philibert & Moser, 1974.) Such contamination by charcoal from overlying layers is frequent in shelters in regions with basaltic formations, see eg, upper layers in Longe- traye site, Hauteloire (R, 1975, v 17, p 22). B. Neolithic and Mesolithic periods 3910 ± 100 Ly-895. Tumulus "Dolmen" des Grezes, Souillae, Lot 1960 BC Human bones from main room of dry-stone dolmen at "Les Grezes", near Souillac, Lot (44° 55' N, 1° 26' E). Coil and subm 1973 by J P Girault, Cugnaux, Haute Garonne. Dolmen is a round dry stone tumulus containing a rectangular room, which continues without narrowing up to tumulus inner edge with only large stone to separate room and corridor. This monument cannot be compared to any other. Bones are assoc with arrowheads and pearls and grave is presumed Chalcolithic. Comment (JPG): date agrees perfectly with industry. 4150 ± 180 Ly-896. Champs sur Yonne, Yonne 2200 BC Human bones from open-air sepulture lm deep at Champs sur Yonne, Yonne (47° 44' N, 3° 36' E). Coil 1965 and subm 1973 by F Poplin; assoc with attractive campaniform vase. Comment (FP): date conforms to Chalcolithic attribution. Les Baigneurs series Charavines, Isere Samples from 2 levels and several places in coastal submerged sta, Les Baigneurs, in Paladru Lake at Charavines, Isere (45° 25' N, 5° 30' E). Coil and subm by A Bocquet. 4190 ± 150 Ly-792. Les Baigneurs, (Cha 3) Pirogue A 2240 BC Wood from a monoxyl barge lake mud at level of upper archeoiogic layer. Coil and subm 1972. Comment (AB): this style of barge remained unchanged for several millennia. Result indicates barge is contemporary with coastal sta. 4540 ± 120 Ly-908. Les Baigneurs (Cha 6), Pilotis n° 131 2590 BC Fragment of pile, supposedly from last occupation of site. Coil 1973. Ly-793. Les Baigneurs (Cha 2), 4440 ± 230 Pilotis triangle I.7 2490 BC Fragment of pile, supposedly from 1st occupation of site. Coil 1972. 4230 ± 130 Ly-907. Les Baigneurs (Cha 5), Pilotis n° 127 2280 BC Fragment of pile, supposedly from 1st occupation of site. Coil 1973. May be contemporaneous with Cha 4: Ly-906. 74 J Evin, G Maricir aid Ch Pachiandi 4360 ± 130 Ly-794. Les Baigneurs (Cha 1), Couche B 4 2410 BC Charcoal from lowest layer. Coil 1972. 9940 ± 130 Ly-909. Les Baigneurs (Cha 7), Couche B 1 7990 BC Weathered twigs and bark called "lacustrine dung" from upper Layer B 1, in which was embedded a flint dagger with a handle in form of discoidal pommel. 4100 ± 120 Ly-906. Les Baigneurs (Cha 4), Couche B 3 2150 BC Charcoal from lower Layer B 3. General Comment (AB): all results are statistically very close and suggest occupation ca 2300 to 2400 Be, closely agreeing with other results from Late Neolithic or Chalcolithic coastal sta, as: Ly-688: 4600 ± 120 from lake Aiguebelette, Savoie, or Ly-851: 4070 ± 140 from lake Clair- vaux, Jura, which are a little younger (R, 1975, v 17, p 19). But it remains impossible to distinguish typologically which layer had 2 or more different occupations. On the other hand 14C ages might be slightly modified by true age of tree trunks when used in construction (Ly-908, -799, eg), and samples were not necessarily in outer part of piles. Ly-909 is much too old (at least 5500 yr); result is aberrant and unexplained. 5270 ± 140 Ly-980. La Balme les Grottes, Isere 3320 BC Small human bones from an ossuary in Locus III, upper gallery, La Balme grotto, La Balme-les-Grottes, Isere (450 51' N, 5° 19' E). Coil 1969 by J Reymond, and subm 1974 by A Bocquet. Sample assoc with Late Neolithic industry. Comment (AB): date is a little older than expected and suggests Middle Neolithic, agreeing with a potsherd of Chas- sean tradition from neighboring loc. Common ossuaries are generally from Late Neolithic time. Les Tumulus de Bougon series, Deux-Sevres Human bones from 2 funerary rooms in Megalithic necropolis, "Les Tumulus", near Bougon, Deux-Sevres (46° 21' N, 0° 11' W). Coil and subm 1973 by J P Mohen, Mus Antiquites Natl Saint-Germain en Laye. These 2 dolmens were protected by 2 different tumuli belonging to a set of tumuli and dolmens used or reused for at least 1500 yr during Neolithic period. Same types of Megalithic monuments are also found in Brittany, W France (Mohen, 1973). 4470 ± 230 Ly-968. Bougon, Tumulus F, n° 3 2520 BC Bones from Tumulus F probably built during Chassean period but reused afterward; artifacts of "Vienne-Charente" type (Late Neolithic) were id. Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 75 4790 ± 220 Ly-967. Bougon, Tumulus F, n° 2 2840 BC Bones from same tumulus as Ly-968. This "Angoumoisian type" dolmen looks like La Saussaie tumulus, Charente Maritime, but it was first used by a Chassean population who decorated support vessel in Bougon style. 5800 Ly-966. ± 230 Bougon, Tumulus E, n° 1 3850 BC Bones from Tumulus E, older than Tumulus F, including artifacts of "troupe des Cous" Type; may be Early Neolithic. Although posing, less im- this monument may be compared to Barnenez Cairn at Ploue- zoch, Finistere, for which there are 4 Gif dates ca 5600 BP (R, 1971, v 13, p 215). General Comment (JPM): 3 dates agree well with archaeologic interpre tation of site, Ly-968, a little younger than 967 may indicatee reoccupa- tion of site after y Chassean period; Ly-966 is 1 of oldest dates obtained for such a monument and may be compared to Gif-165: 5800 + from 300 Le Guegnoc 1 and to Sa-95: 5840 ± 300 from Kercado; both in sites W Brittany (R, 1966, v 8, p 76). Ly-967 corresponds to 1st occupation time of funerary room and perhaps to building of monuments. 5140 ± 140 Ly-864. Perigneux, J XII-XIII, Loire 3190 BC Charcoal from Layer 4 of a Chassean hearth to S of the Violette near Perigneux, Loire (45° 26' N, 4° 9' E). Coll 1965 by J P Thevenot and subm 1972 by J Combier, Dir Antiquites prehistoriques, Romaneche, Saone et Loire. Comment (JC): similar to S France Chassean and may be a little older than Norman Chassean. Agrees with many other results on Chassean civilization and indicates penetration into Massif Central earlier than supposed (Combier, 1962). 5570 ± 250 Ly-970. Aubigny au Bac, Nord 3620 BC Human bones from sepulture assoc with Campaniform industry at Aubigny au Bac, Nord (50° 15' N, 3° 9' E). Coil 1972 and subm 1973 by P Demolon, Mus Chartreuse, Douai. Comment (PD): sepulture was dug into ground but covered by a polishing stone and contained a Campaniform vessel (Demolon et al, 1975). Waller's sepulture seems nearly contemporaneous, ca 1800 Be, but date is inexplicably much older, although no trace of 2 occupation periods was found. Mouligna series, Bidart, Pyrenees Atlantiques Peat assoc with charcoal coil at lower and upper part of archaeologic layer with flints and burnt gravels, attributed to Asturian. Neolithic was expected (Oldfield, 1960) at La Mouligna near Bidart, Pyrenees Atlantiques (43° 25' N, 1° 49' W). Coil and subm 1973 by C Chauchat. Ch Pachiaudi 76 J Evin, G Maricli and 5760 ± 150 3810 BC Ly-882, Mouligna no I sommet From top of layer. 5550 ± 150 3600 BC Ly-883. Mouligna n° 2, base From base of layer. age: Q-314: General Comment (CC): previous date gave a more recent for dating was not clearly 5100 ± 130 (R, 1960, v 2, p 70), but wood used as confirmed by pres- assoc with industry, which might be a little older average of both results. Strati aphic inversion is only statistic and ent of Austrian results is: Ly-882/883: 5650 ± 100 (3700 Bc). Attribution civilization to Early or Middle Neolithic period is confirmed. 5940 ± 140 3990 BC Ly-865. Reichstett, Fosse 43, Bas-Rhin Reichstett, Fossil pitch mixed with earth from Grave 43 in loess at A Thevenin. Bas-Rhin (48° 38' N, 7° 45' E). Coil 1972 and subm 1973 by date agrees Assoc with Neolithic "Rubanne" industry. Comment (AT): 5490 ± 140 BP perfectly with expected age, may be compared to Ly-335: 143) from attributed "Rubanne recent" level at Gon- (R, 1973, v 15, p denans les Montby site, Doubs. 7000 ± 130 Ly-868. Abri Cornille, Couche 6 5050 BC Charcoal from earth in Layer 6 at L'Abri Cornille near Istres, du Rhone (43° 39' N, 5° 0' E). Coil 1969 and subm 1972 by Bouches (Epi- M Escalon de Fonton, Marseille. Assoc with Montadian industry with pollens and sediments attributed to Dryas III. p aleolithic) and ± Humic fraction of charcoal was previously measured: Ly-413, 8100 date is obviously too 130 BP (R, 1973, v 15, p 527). Comment (MEF): young for this industry and proves that hearth was polluted by over- exposure to open air (Escalon de Fonton, 1966). 8490 ± 170 Ly-863. Les Charmes 65, Sermoyer, Ain 6540 BC Charred nuts from Layer 7Y in Mesolithic Sauveterrian site at Les Charmes near Sermoyer, Ain (46° 29' N, 4° 58' E). Coil 1965 by J P statistical Thevenot and subm 1972 by J Combier. Comment (JC): in range of Gif-1597: 8150 ± 190 BP (R, 1974, v 16, p 37) and perfectly agrees with oldest dates of Tardenoisian industry, eg, at Montbani, Aisne, Gif-356, or at Coincy en Tardenois, Aisne, Gif-1266 (R, 1972, v 14, site, 290). Contemporaneous with Sauveterrian layers in Rouffignac p than Dordogne: 3 GrN dates (R, 1972, v 14, p 59) and probably older Sauveterrian layers in Montclus site, Gard: 4 Ly dates ca 7800 BP (R, 1971, v 13, p 62). Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 77

C. Paleolithic periods 10,200 ± 950 Ly-958. La Baume Loire 11 no 2, Haute-Loire 8250 BC Bits of charcoal from hearth assoc with flints of Late Upper Paleo- lithic industry in basaltic Rock Shelter II at La Baume Loire near Solignac, Haute-Loire (440 56' N, 3° 54' E). Coil and subm 1973 by A Cremillieux, Le Monastier sur Gazeille. Comment (AC): despite large statistical range due to scarcity of material, date confirms Upper Paleo- lithic occupation of site. True age may be older since pollution occur- previous date on same layer: red : in site from upper layer, shown by Ly-452, 3950 ± 120 (R, 1973, v 15, p 147). Grotte Jean Pierre 2 series, Saint Thibaud de Couz, Savoie Samples from the only archaeologic layer of Jean Pierre 2 grotto, Saint Thibaud de Couz, Savoie (45° 40' N, 5° 50' E). Coil 1969 and subm 1973 by P Bintz, Inst Dolomieu, Grenoble. 12,400 ± 240 Ly-925. Os de la grotte Jean-Pierre 2 10,450 BC 6130 = -17.7% Bones. 13,280 ± 290 Ly-926. Charbon de la Grotte Jean-Pierre 2 11,330 BC Charcoal. General Comment (BP): previous dates on charcoal from same site: Ly-828, 12,470 ± 200 and Ly-390, 13,300 ± 280 (R, 1975, v 17, p 25). Disparity of results was ascribed either to pollution or to maximal statistic fluctuation. New results confirm 900-yr range. As archaeologic layer is fairly thick, disparity of 14C dates may only be explained by be distin- compaction into 1 layer of several occupations, which can guished in neighboring grotto, Jean-Pierre 1. 12,850 ± 240 Ly-894. Grotte du Crest, Viry, Saone et Loire 10,900 BC Bone splinters from little Magdalenian site in Le Crest Grotto near Viry, Saone et Loire (46° 27' N, 4° 0' E). Coil 1958 by R Horiot (1965) and subm 1973 by R Desbrosse, Blanzy. Comment (RD): approaching Ly-393: 12,500 ± 240 BP from Magdalenian Layer of Solutre site, typology being comparable (Combier, 1955). Date should correspond to Bul- ling period but microfauna indicate very cold, steppe-like climate (Combier, 1959). However 14C dates of climatic phases of the Late Wurm, before Allerod, in Middle East France are neither well established (Evin, 1974) nor very numerous (Desbrosse and Girard, 1974). Gare de Couze series, Lalinde, Dordogne Bones from 2 layers of Magdalenian site La Gare de Couze near Lalinde, Dordogne (44° 49' N, 0° 44'E). Coil 1957 by F Borde and subm 1974 by F Delpech, Lab Geol Quaternaire, Univ Bordeaux I. Industries 78 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi assoc with bones of antelope Saiga whose existence in SE France seems short-lived and localized (Fitte & Sonneville Borde, 1962). 11,750 ± 310 Ly-976. La gare de Couze, Couche C 9800 BC Assoc Industry: Magdalenian VI. Expected age: 10,000 BC. 12,430 ± 320 Ly-975. La gare de Couze, Couche H 10,480 BC Assoc limited industry: Magdalenian V or VI, similar age expected. General Comment (FD): both values are in stratigraphic order and in general date range for Magdalenian V or VI; see La Madeleine and Duruthy sites below. Ly-391: 10,900 ± 230 BP (R, 1970, v 12, p 554) comes from an upper layer assoc with Magdalenian industry. La Madeleine series, Tursac, Dordogne Samples from several layers in La Madeleine site at Tursac, Dor- dogne (44° 58' N, 1° 02' E). Coil 1970-71 and subm 1973 (except Ly-234) by J M Bouvier, Lab Geol Ouaternaire, Univ Bordeaux I (Bouvier, 1973). 12,640 ± 260 Ly-919. La Madeleine n° 19 10,690 BC 813C = -19.2% Bones from Layer F, Level 7. Assoc with industry from beginning of Magdalenian VI. 12,750 ± 240 Ly-920. La Madeleine n° 21 10,800 BC 8130 = -19.3% Bones from Layer G, Level 9. Assoc with industry from end of Magdalenian V. 13,070 ± 190 Ly-921. La Madeleine n° 25 11,120 BC 613C = -19.5% Bones from Layer I, Level 13. Assoc with industry from beginning of Magdalenian V. 13,440 ± 300 Ly-922. La Madeleine n° 26 11,490 BC 813C = -2O.1% Bones from Layer J, Level 14. Assoc witll industry from end of Magdalenian IV. Modern Ly-234. La Madeleine n° 20 to 24 and 10 6140 = +0.7% ± 2.4 2 bits of charcoal from 2 places in Level 9. Assoc with Late Magda- 6140 lenian V. Coil and subm 1968. Comment: value suggests 1 charcoal piece is old and the other is very modern. Result indicates difficulty of Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 79 dating small samples and importance of removing spurious material. General Comment (JMB): La Madeleine is the eponymous site of Mag- dalenian civilization, with 19 levels embedding industry from Stages IV- VI of Magdalenian tradition. The 1st dates are of passages between IV to V, and V to VI stages, which are in stratigraphic succession and suggest a short Magdalenian V stage and long VI stage. Other dates will be necessary for Stage IV. Results are comparable to those for Magda- lenian industry at Duruthy site, Landes (see below), with identical dates for end of Magdalenian IV. Duruthy series, Sorde-L'Abbaye, Landes Bones from several layers in Duruthy grotto near Sorde-L'Abbaye, Landes, (43 ° 31' N, 1° 10' W). Coil 1972 and subm 1973 by R Aram- bourou, Inst Quaternaire, Univ Bordeaux I. 11,150 ± 220 Ly-858. Duruthy, Couche 3, sommet 9200 BC From top of layer including Magdalenian VI industry. 13,510 ± 220 Ly-859. Duruthy, Couche 4, sommet 11,560 BC From top of layer including Magdalenian IV industry. 13,840 ± 210 Ly-860. Duruthy, Couche 4, base 11,890 BC From base of layer including Magdalenian IV. 14,180 ± 200 Ly-861. Duruthy, Couche 5 12,230 BC From several levels in upper part of layer including Magdalenian III. General Comment (RA): dates are in expected range and compare to La Madeleine results (see above). With no date from lowest layer of Magdalenian VI, estimated length of industry, probably long is impossible, Magdalenian IV duration may be longer than dates show due to possible erosion of lowest part of layer, as evident in upper part of Magdalenian III layer. Thermoluminescence dates were made on samples from Layers 3 and 4 by Lab Cristallographie et Physique du Cristal, Univ Bordeaux I (Scllvoerer et al, 1974) with the following results: BOR-6: 11,290 BP for Layer 3 (Ly-858), and BOR-7: 14,500 BP for Layer methods correspond. 4 (Ly-859-860) with ca 10% range. Both dating Ly-977. Fongaban, Couche III, Saint-Emilien, 14,300 ± 680 Gironde 12,350 BC Bones from Layer III in Le Vallon de Fongaban site, at Bergat near Saint-Emilion Gironde (44° 53' N, 0° 10' W). Coil 1970 by J P Rigaud and subm 1974 by F Delpech. Assoc with industry typologically attributed to Late Magdalenian and with mainly bisons, and also horses and saigas. Presumed from Wurm IV with expected age ca 12,000 BP (Rigaud et al, 1970). Comment (JPR): date is older than expected for Magda- 80 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi lenian IV even accounting for large statistical range. Either pollution occurred or artifact used for archaeologic attribution appeared earlier than supposed. Le Flageolet II series, Bezenac, Dordogne Bones from several layers in Le Flageolet II rock shelter (440 49' N, 10 6' E). Coll 1971 and subm 1973 by j P Rigaud, Inst Quaternaire, Bordeaux I. 12,870 ± 390 Ly-916. Le Flageolet 11, n° 1 10,920 BC 6130 = -19.5% 14,110 ± 690 Ly-917. Le Flageolet 11, n° 2 12,160 BC 6130 = -2O.5% 15,250 ± 320 Ly-918. Le Flageolet 11, no 3 13,300 BC 613C = -18.8% General Comment (JPR): assoc industry attributed to Late Magdalenian period, based on typologic character (Rigaud, 1970). Ly-916 is in range of usual dates for period, but Ly-917 and especially 918 are out of range. Either dates are too old for unknown reason, or special type of industry appeared earlier than supposed. 15,030 ± 330 Ly-978. Combe-Cullier, Lacave, Lot 13,080 BC Bones from Layer IX in Combe Cullier site near Lacave, Lot (44° 50' N, 10 34 E). Coil 1971 by J F Flies and subm 1974 by F Delpech. Assoc with Magdalenian industry and with reindeers, chamois, and saiga (Lorblanchet, 1969). Comment (FD): date indicates time of E-ward extension of antelope salga. Comparable to Magdalenian III layer of Saint-Eulalie grotto at Espagnac, Lot, previously dated: Gif-2194, 15,200 ± 300 BP (R, 1974, v 16, p 26). Laugerie Hautes series, Les Eyzies, Dordogne Bones from several Magdalenian layers in Laugerie-Haute site near Les Eyzies, Dordogne (44° 58' N, 00 57 E). Coil 1958 by F Bordes (1958) and subm 1974 by F Delpech. As in other sites, industry embedded in layers assoc with bones of antelope saIga. 13,970 ± 480 Ly-974. Laugerie Haute Est, Magdalenian III 12,020 BC Bones from several layers in main geologic secs assoc with Magda- lenian III industry. Presumed climatic phase: Wurm IV. 17,040 ± 440 Ly-973. Laugerie Haute Est, Magdalenian II 15,090 BC Bones from several layers not stratigraphically joining main geologic secs assoc with Magdalenian II industry. Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 81 18,260 ± 360 LY-972. Laugerie-Haute Est, Magdalenian 0 16,310 BC Bones from 2 layers in main geologic sec assoc with Magdalenian 0 industry and presumably beginning of Wi rm IV. age General Comment (FB 8c FD): Ly-974 and -972 agree with expected and, in general, possible date range for Magdalenian III and 0 industries. But Ly-973 seems too near -972, because of presence of Magdalenian I layer between these layers. This connection between dated bones and Magdalenian II industry seems doubtful or a large statistical fluctuation of at least 2 must be supposed between true 14C age and obtained value. La Salpetriere series Bones from 10 layers in 4 geol sees in La Salpetriere site near Remoulins Gard (43° 55' N, 4° 35' E). Coll 1964 and subm 1973 by M Escalon de Fonton. The 4 sees were excavation sectors left intact by numerous archaeologists and correlations between secs were made with the industries found. Site shows longest stratigraphy in SE France Escalon de Fonton, 1965). All bones contained normal collagen (ca 2%) except oldest .3%. Ly-937. La Salpetriere, Grand Temoin 10,680 ± 300 Bayol, Couche 6 8730 BC Assoc industry: Upper Salpetrian (l\'Iagdalenien V). Expected age: ca 13,000 BP.

Ly-938. La Salpetriere, Grand Temoin 11,080 ± 250 Bayol, Couche 7.14 9050 BC Assoc industry: Middle Salpetrian (Middle Magdalenian). Expected age: ca 14,000 BP.

Ly-939. La Salpetriere, Centre du 18,880 ± 300 Porche, Couche 6 16,930 BC Assoc industry: Middle Salpetrian (Middle Magdalenian). Expected age: ca 14,000 BP.

Ly-940. La Salpetriere, Grand Temoin 20,200 ± 660 Bayol, Couche 24 18,250 BC Assoc industry: Middle Solutrean. Expected age: ca 20,000 BP.

Ly-941. La Salpetriere, Petit Temoin 17,900 ± 690 Bayol, Couche V2 15,950 BC Assoc industry: Early Solutrean. Expected age: ca 21,000 BP. 20,630 ± 770 Ly-942. La Salpetriere, Centre, Couche 30 A 18,680 BC Assoc industry: Late Aurignacian. Expected age: 22,000 BP. 82 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiandi 21,760 ± 490 Ly-943. La Salpetriere, Centre, Couche 30 E 19,810 BC Assoc industry: Late Middle Aurignacian. Expected age: 23,000 BP. 4000 27,530 ± 2600 Ly-944. La Salpetriere, Centre, Couche 30 M 25,580 BC Very little organic matter available. Assoc industry: Middle Aurig- nacian. Expected age: 23,000 BP. 20,860 ± 460 Ly-945. La Salpetriere, Centre, Couche 30.0 18,910 BC Assoc industry: Gravettian. Expected age: 24,500 BP. 21,380 ± 760 Ly-946. La Salpetriere, Centre, Couche 32 C 19,430 BC Assoc industry: Early Aurignacian. Expected age: ca 31,000 BP. General Comment (ME de F): all dates from Salpetrian layers do not agree with expected ages and are either younger (Ly-937-938) or older (Ly-939). Likewise, Early Solutrean date should be ca 20,000 BP, according to layer correlations. Such a value (Ly-940) is normal for Middle Solutrean: see eg, Oullins grotto, Ardeche, Ly-799: 19,710 ± 400 BP (R, 1975, v 17, p 28). The 3 dates ca 21,000 BP for Late and Middle Aurignacian are 1st results for this industry, correlated with Perigordian IV to VI stages in the Dordogne (Laville, 1975) with 'C dates ca 23,000 BP. Inversion of values between Ly-944 and -946 with respect to industries remains unexplained but is confirmed by organic matter. La Salpetriere site yields unsatisfactory dates despite good bony material. 32,000 ± 900 Ly-981. Grotte de Conives, Thonay, Indre 30,050 BC Bones from Conives grotto near Thonay, Indre (46° 37' N, 1° 29' E). Coll and subm 1974 by J Allain, Antiquitees prehistoriques, Bourges. Bones are not assoc with industry in site but human settlements occurred in rock shelters nearby. Site was hyenas' den with Megaceros bone, supposedly contemporary with neighboring human habitats. Comment (JA): date indicates period corresponding to Middle Paleolithic industries, whereas industries from human habitats are Magdalenian; thus neighboring human and animal remains are not contemporaneous. La Grande Roche series, Quincay, Vienne Carbonaceous earth from layer, "black ensemble", Sample no 4L(I) 22 En, in Chatelperronian site La Grande Roche, near Quincay, Vienne (46° 36' N, 0° 15' E). Coll 1970 and subm 1973 by F Leveque, Dir Antiquites prehist, Poitiers. 11,910 ± 200 Ly-790. Quincay 4L (I) 22 En Reliquat 9960 BC Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 83 20,300 ± 500 Ly-791. Quincay 4L (I) 22 En Extra 18,350 BC General Comment (FL): humic fraction date is older than insoluble fraction, but both values do not fit with age of Chatelperronian industry (beginning of Upper Paleolithic) eg, in Le Renne grotto at Arcy sur Cure, Yonne, GrN-1742: 33,860 ± BP (R, 1963, v 5, p 116). Probably earth samples contained numerous thin rootlets that pretreatment did not eliminate. Other measurements on samples from same layer will be made later. Gigny sur Suran series, Jura Bones from 3 layers in La Balme grotto site near Gigny sur Sura, Jura (46° 27' N, 5° 27' E). Subm 1973 by M Vuillemey, Lons le Saunier, Jura. 28,500 ± 1400 Ly-789. Gigny sur Suran, Niveau VIII, n° 2 26,550 BC From same layer as Ly-566: 29,500 ± 1400 (R, 1973, v 15, p 521). Coil 1970. Comment (MV): date confirms previous measurement (aver- 1200 Ly-566/789: 28,900 + )showing that Middle Paleolithic in- age: 800 dustries may have lasted longer in Jura region when Early Aurignacian or Perigordian industries appeared in other regions. Bird fauna indicate a cold climate (Mourer-Chauvire, 1975). Ly-971. Gigny sur Suran, Niveau XV, n° 1 a32,300 Assoc with typical Mousterian "enriched in denticules". Coil 1972. Ly-804. Gigny sur Suran, Niveau XX, n° 2 31,500 Assoc with typical Mousterian "rich in racloirs". Coil 1971. General Comment (MB): small amount of organic matter in bones re- duces dating limit and only Ly-789 gives a finite date marking end of Mousterian occupation. The other dates are only minimum. Other measurements on larger samples will be made later. III. HYDROGEOLOGIC SAMPLES Ly818. Eau de Tinogasta, Argentina 88.2 ± 1.5% modern S13C = -11.31 ± 0.04% Water from aquifer system near Tinogasta, Argentina (28° 0' S, 67° 40' W). Coil and subm 1973 by J Molinari, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires Grenoble. Treatment on sampling place was made according to process recommendations of IAEA, Vienna. Eau de la Mine de Razes series, Haute-Vienne Samples from 2 layers in Rezes uranium mine, Haute-Vienne (46° subm 2' N, 1° 20' E). Coil 1971 by Centre d'Energie Atomique and is dug 1971 by Y Vuillaume, Bur recherches Geol Min, Orleans. Mine in gneiss and slightly mineralized water from layer percolates probably 84 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi vertically from surface. No treatment was made on ground and CO2 used for counting was directly evolved by HC1 in lab. Ly-516. Razes galerie profonde 19.5 ± 1.7% modern 6130 = -13.35 ± 0.05%0 From -225m. Ly-517. Razes, galerie branche nord 53.8 ± 2.2% modern 6130 = -15.34 ± 0.05%0 From -180m. Ly-518. Razes, galeries branche sud 61.9 ± 3.3% modern 613C =-14.10 ± 0.05%0 From -180m. General Comment: contrary to presumed values, 14C contents show that percolating water in mine layers is fairly old, especially at -225m, suggesting a large aquifer in gneiss. Ain Beni Mathar series, Morocco Water from several wells in Ain Beni Mathar aquifer basin, S Oujda, E Morocco. Coil by M Dupuy, Dir Hydrogeol Maroc, and subm 1972 by Y Vuillaume. Ground water is in an aquifer of fractured dolo- mitic calcareous rocks, with large flows to springs or artesian wells. The isotopic study was made to choose between several hypotheses for water origin and to detect an eventual exhaustion of the water reserves. 13C%0 '4C% Sample Loc N Lat W Long ±0.05 modern Ly-634. Janvier 23-25 330 0.9 Ly-635. Fevrier 27-18 B 34° 0.8 Ly-636. Mars 2 54-18 34° Ly-637. Avril 55-18 34° 0.6 Ly-638. Mai 24-25 33° Ly-639. Juin 25-25 33° 0.9 Ly-640. Juillet 61-18 34° 1.7 Ly-641. Aout 5-25 33° 0.7 Ly-642. Septembre 68-18 34 0.6 Ly-643. Octobre 59-18 34° Ly-644. Novembre 55-18 34° 7.03 0.7 Ly-645. Decembre 61-18 34° 5.77 0.4

General Comment (YV): 613C values show no isotopic exchange between aquifer and water. High 14C content assoc with 3H measurable content suggest a recent water drift in sampling points 27/18B and 25/25. All radiocarbon values and other isotopic results (13C, 180, and 3H) indicate a double supply for aquifer: one is autochtonal at outcropping of aquifer formation, the other is allauchtonal for all ground water and comes from Lyon Natural Radiocarbon Measurements VI 85 on Middle Atlas Mts. Values also confirm that flow depends High and (Vuil- deep structure of geol beds and especially on their discontinuity laume,1972).

Miocene limestone of Cyrenaic series, Libya of from an aquifer system in Karstic Miocene limestone Water subm N Lybia. Coil during a program of studies (GEFLI) and GYremaic, confined Bur Recherches Geol Min, Orleans. Most ground water is by et al, 1974). with natural outlets along Mediterranean sea coast (Castany

'3C%0 14C /0 Sample Date N Lat Long 1.0 L -568. Salantah 32° - y ' 22° 32' 2.5 --± 0.6 Ly-569. Fitayah N° 7 43 46' ' 6.90 0 7 LY-570. Fitayah N° 4 32° 32° 20° 34 - 5.92 4.0 ± 0 . 6 LY-571. Al. Abyar N° 2 12/17/72 ' 32° 50' 21° 26 9.04 62.2 ± 1 . 0 L -572. Al. Hani y ah 12/6/71 - Y 32° 33' 21° 20' 6.79 9.7 ± 0.7 Ly-573. Marawah 12/8/71 ' - 1/22/72 32° 17' 20° 42 - 0.99 4.6 ± 0 . 9 Lyy-574. Miltani Y ah ' 32° 33' 20° 52 - 0.36 37.8 ± 0 . 8 Ly -57r. Sa.dl Ra humah 1/15/72 ' 32° 9 20° 32 _ 6.05 11.9 ± 0 . 7 . GEFLI C9 1/21/72 L Y-576 ° + 32° 53' 22° 0' - 28.0 94.3 _ 1.5 LY- 601 . Barradah 3/29/72 38' 20° 16' 0.92 C 2.3 LY-602. GEFLI C13 3/24/72 31° - 46' 20° 50 ' -12.49 112.3 ± 1 . 5 LY-603. Al Labraq 3/28/72 32° 32° 12' 20° 8' 8.25 38.6 ± 2. 1 L y-604. Blue Lagoong 3/14/72 - Y 6' 9.68 62.2 ± 1 . 2 Ly-60r. Dabuffiy ah 3/30/72 32° 47' 22° - 20° 16' 7.04 17.4 ± 0.6 LY-606. Baninah N° 3 2/12/72 32° 7' - 43' 20° 15' 3.06 5.1 ± 2. 0 LY-607. GEFLI C12 2/13/72 31° - ° ° 30' 7.32 61,2 ± 2. 1 LY-608. Darnah S2 4/1/72 32 42' 22 - 43' 20° 13' 1.55 12.6 ± 0. 8 LY-609. GEFLI C7 2/9/72 31° - 20° 46' 8.06 43.2 ± 1 . 1 L -629. Al Mar' N° 10 8/14/72 32° 27' - Y J 20° 20' 4.24 12.0 ± 0.6 Ly-665. GEFLI Cl 6/26/72 32° 10' - 32° 20 20° 46 _ 420 4.6 ± 0.6 LY-66 6 . GEFLI C2 6/25/72 20° 22' 5.06 21.4 ± 0.6 LY-667. GEFLI C3 6/29/72 32° 23' - 16' 20° 22' 4.53 26.6 ± 0 . 7 LY-668. GEFLI C5 7/31/72 32° - 20° 30' 1.90 3.3 ± 0 . 4 LY-669. GEFLI C10 7/1/72 32° 47' - 22° 36' 3.81 27.6 ± 0 . 8 LY-670. GEFLI C14 6/25/72 32° 41' -

14C indicate General Comment: assoc with 3H, low values of content of 14C mixing between recent and old waters. Some very low values con- with S13C near P D B also suggest an isotopic exchange tent assoc 0% of calcareous aquifer and water. The geographic distribution between aquifer: '4C radiocarbon data translates general trend of water flow in water, especially values toward NE and low value for confined ground in SW region. 86 J Evin, G Marien and Ch Pachiaudi Ly-271. Forage de Pernes les Fontaine, Vaucluse 3.5 ± 0.5% modern 613C = -3.32 ± 0.04% Water from very deep ground water coil by boring near Pernes les Fontaines, Vaucluse (43° 59' N, 5° 3' E). Coil 1969 by A Boudin, and subm 1970 by H Paloc, Bur Recherches Geol Min, Montpellier. Sample fully treated in lab. Comment: water is presumed fossil but low 14C activity and presence of some tritium units indicate pollution by surface water possibly via tubing, despite artesian character of ground water at site.

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Schvoerer, M, Lamarque, P, and Rouanet, J F, 1974, Datation absolue par la Thermo- luminiescence. Etude dune serie d'echantillons d'origine archeologique dont deux fragments de gres brules provenant de niveaux magdaleniens IV et VI: Acad sci [Paris] Comptes rendus, ser D, v 279, p 191-195. Vuillaume, Y, 1972, Etude isotopique ties eaux de la nappe de Ain Beni Mathar, Maroc Oriental: Unpub rept BRGM, no. 72 SGN 350 AME, 29 p. Weidmann, M, 1969, Le mammouth de Praz Rodet -Le brassus, Vaud): Soc Vaudoise sci nat Bull, v 70, no. 331, p 229-240. 1974, sur quelques gisements de vertebres Bans le Quaternaire du Canton de Vaud: Soc Vaudoise sci nat Bull, v 73, no. 334, p 9-18. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 89-95 PHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY RADIOCARBON DATE LIST I

D P AGRAWAL, R V KRISHNAMURTHY, SHEELA KUSUMGAR, and R K PANT Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India

As the Radiocarbon Lab of the Tata Institute, Bombay, has now been shifted to the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, our new date lists will be termed as above and the samples will be given PRL numbers instead of the former TF. All the pending TF samples were given new PRL numbers. Presented below are dates from some important archaeologic sites. AD/BC scale, All dates are based on T 1/2 = 5568 yr; to convert them to 1950 has been used as the base year. Samples were converted to methane for measuring 19G activity in gas proportional counters. Detailed techniques were described earlier (R, 1971, v 13, p 442-449). General Comment: a number of 14C dates (PRL-81, -83, -67, -68) now confirm that the Painted Grey Ware culture extended up to the 3rd century BC. Some dates from the so-called Chalcolithic sites from Bark- hera (PRL-113), Bhimbetka (PRL-17), and Koldihawa (PRL-100, -101) are too old. This may indicate some hitherto unknown basal cultures in these regions. 14G dates on in situ Megalithic material do not seem to go back beyond 200 BC (PRL-134, -135).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank M P K Kurup and K K Shivsankar for glass blowing help and N B Vaghela for laboratory assistance. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES Allahapur series, Uttar Pradesh Allahapur, Dist Meerut, subm by Dir Gen, Archaeol, New Delhi, from Painted Grey Ware (PGW) and Northern Black Polished Ware (NBP) levels. Samples date early Iron age. 2270 ± 90 PRL-81. PGW deposits 320 BC Charcoal, Loc Tr Al, Qd 1, Layer 11, depth 2.3m, Field ALP/2/70- 71. NaOH pretreatment. 2160 ± 105 PRL-83. PGW-NBP overlap 210 BC Charcoal, Loc Tr Al, Qd 4, Layer 5, depth l.lm, Field ALP/4/70- 71. NaOH pretreatment. 89 90 D P Agrawal, R V Krishnamurthy, Sheela Kusumgar, and R K Pant PRL-66. Ambamata, India, old copper 830 ± 100 working area AD 1120 Timber from Bore Hole 100 at depth 62m near Ambamata (24° 20' N, 72° 52' E), Dist Banaskantha. Coil July 1971 by N C Shekar; subm by Dir, Geol Survey India, Ahmedabad. NaOH pretreatment. Barkhera series, Madhya Pradesh Barkhera (22° 9' N, 77° 7' E), Dist Raisen, subm by K D Bajpai, Sagar Univ, Sagar. 3170 ± 105 PRL-111. Chalcolithic culture 1220 BC Charcoal, Layers II and III, depth .l to .2m, Field C-26. NaOH pretreatment. 7250 ± 135 PRL-113. Chalcolithic culture 5300 BC Seeds, Layers II and III, depth .1 to .2m, Field C-26. NaOH pretreatment. Comment: obviously these are older, perhaps wild seeds and have no relevance to Chalcolithic levels. PRL-15. Bharatpur, India, Chalcolithic- 3290 ± 135 Neolithic culture 1340 BC Charcoal from Bharatpur (23° 24' N, 87° 27' E), Dist Burdwan, Loc Tr G5-H5, Layer 5, depth im; subm by Dir Gen, Archaeol, New Delhi. NaOH pretreatment. Bhimbetka series, Madhya Pradesh Bhimbetka (22° 57' N, 77° 37' E), Dist Raisen; subm by V S Wakankar, Vikram Univ, Ujjain. Comment: dates show wide scatter; younger dates probably represent later disturbances at the site. PRL-49. Burial1 Modern Charcoal from lower part of skeleton, Loc Tr III F-16, Field 5. Rootlets removed, NaOH pretreatment. 5860 ± 110 PRL-50. Burial 3 3910 BC Charcoal from pit, Loc Tr III F-13, depth .03 to .lm, Field 6. Root- lets removed, NaOH pretreatment. 2050 ± 110 PRL-51. Burial 2 100 BC Charcoal from pit, Loc Tr III F-13, Field 7. Rootlets removed, NaOH pretreatment.

7570 ± 210 PRL-17. Pit deposit 5620 BC Charcoal, Pit 3, depth .6m, NaOH pretreatment. Physical Research Laboratory Radiocarbon Date List 1 91 2650 ± 125 PRL-18. Pit deposit 700 BC Charcoal, Pit 11, depth 2.7.6m. 2960 ± 160 PRL-108. Henagahapugala, Ceylon, Coastal deposit 1010 BC Shells from emerged beach lagoon, indirectly assoc with Mesolithic artifacts near Henagahapugala (6° 4' 55" N, 800 55' 50" E), Dist Ham- bantota, Loc G2, Layer II, depth 8m; subm by Dir Archaeol, Ceylon. Inamgaon series Maharashtra Inamgaon (18° 25' N, 74° 32' E), Dist Poona, a Chalcolithic site with a sequence from Malwa to Late Jorwe cultures; subm by Dir, Deccan College, Poona. 3050 ± 105 PRL-57. Chalcolithic culture 1100 BC Charcoal, Loc INM-I, Tr D8, Layer 3, depth .75m, Field INM-I/884. NaOH pretreatment. 3210 x-110 PRL-59. Chalcolithic culture 1260 BC Charcoal, Loc INM-I, Tr H8, Layer 16, depth 4.2m, Field INM-I/ 1328. NaOH pretreatment. 3310 ± 110 PRL-77. Chalcolithic culture 1360 BC Charcoal, Loc H8, Layer 15, depth 3.2m, Field 1324. NaOH pretreatment. 3220 ± 110 PRL-76. Chalcolithic culture 1270 BC Charcoal, Loc G8, Layer 7, depth .75m, Field 1094. NaOH pretreatment. 3230 ± 105 PRL-133. Chalcolithic culture 1280 BC Charcoal, Loc INM-II, Layer 3, depth .3m, Field INM-II/1330. NaOH pretreatment. 2740 ± 115 PRL-78. Chalcolithic culture 790 BC Charcoal, Loc H9-I9, House 38, sealed by Layer 7, depth .75m, Field 1197. NaOH pretreatment. 3020 ± 105 PRL-93. Chalcolithic culture 1070 BC Charcoal, Loc D7, House 36, Layer 4, Field 972. NaOH pretreatment. 3020 ± 115 PRL-94. Chalcolithic culture 1070 BC Charcoal, Loc D8, Layer 4, Field 926. Rootlets removed, NaOH pretreatment. 92 D P Agrawal, R V Krishnamiirthy, Sheela Kusumgar, and R K Pant 2360 ± 120 PRL-22. Kanchipuram, India, early historic deposits 410 BC Charcoal from Kanchipuram (12° 50' N, 79° 42' E), Dist Chingleput, Loc O'-II', Layer 18, depth 6.16m, Field KCM-l; subm by T V Mahal- ingam, Madras Univ, Madras. Khalaua series, Uttar Pradesh Khalaua (27° 6' N, 77° 52' E), Dist Agra; subm by Dir Gen, Archaeol, New Delhi from PGW and Black and Red Ware (BRW) phase of early Iron age. 2450 ± 155 PRL-67. PGW and BRW deposits 500 BC Charcoal, Loc KHL-I, II and IV, Layer 7, depth 2.15m, Field Khalaua T2/66. Rootlets removed, NaOH pretreatment. 2370 ± 170 PRL-68. PGW and BRW deposits 420 BC Charcoal, Loc KHL-I, II and IV, Layer 8, depth 2.35 to 2.48m, Field Khalaua-T3/66. NaOH pretreatment. PRL-142. Khangkhui, India, cave deposits Modern Charcoal from Khangkhui (25° 4' N, 94° 25' E), Dist Manipur East, Tr 1, Layer 1, depth .2m, Field KHK/Cl; subm by 0 K Singh, D M College, Imphal. Na0H pretreatment. Comment: date probably represents modern disturbance. Koldihawa series, Uttar Pradesh Koldihawa (24° 54' 30" N, 82° 2' 30" E), Dist Allahabad; subm by G R Sharma, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad. 820 ± 100 PRL-56. Chalcolithic culture (?) AD 1130 Charcoal, Loc KDW-l, A1(a), Reference pit (c) sealed by Layer 1, depth .96m, Field AU/ALD/KDW/72/9. Rootlets removed. 1990 ± 150 PRL-98. Chalcolithic culture (? ) 40 BC Charcoal, Loc KDW- 1, A 1(b) III-VII, Layer 2, depth .23m, Field AU/ALD/KDW/72/11. Rootlets removed. 2900 ± 150 PRL-99. Chalcolithic culture 950 BC Charcoal, Loc KDW- 1, Al(a) 0-III, Layer 4, depth .60m, Field AU/ALD/KDW/72/12. Rootlets removed. 7180 ± 230 PRL-100. Chalcolithic culture (?) 5230 BC Charcoal, Loc KDW-1, A1(a) 0-III, Layer 5, depth .80m, Field AU/ALD/KDW/72/13. Rootlets removed. Physical Research Laboratory Radiocarbon Date List 1 93 6300 ± 180 PRL-101. Chalcolithic culture (?) 4350 BC Charcoal, Loc KDW-1, A1(a), 0-III, Layer 6, depth 1.lm, Field AU/ALD/KDW/72/14. Rootlets removed, NaOH pretreatment. 2380 ± 105 PRL-102. Chalcolithic culture 430 BC Charcoal, Loc KDW- 1, Al(b), Ref Pit B sealed by Layer 1, depth .42m, Field AU/ALD/KDW/72/6. NaOH pretreatment. General Comment: wide scatter shows undetected disturbances at site. PRL-46. Pallavamedu, India, Early 17,480 ± 500 historic deposit (?) 15,530 BC Charcoal from Pallavamedu (12° 50' N, 79° 75' E), Dist Chingleput, Loc IV-V-IV'-V', Layer 5, depth 4m, Field PVM-l, subm by Dir Archaeol, Madras. NaOH pretreatment. Comment: sample probably mixed with lignite at site and has no relevance to cultural levels. 4500 ± 170 PRL-107. Patirajawela, Ceylon, coastal deposit 2550 BC Shells assoc with Mesolithic artifacts from Patirajawela (6° 10' 20" N, 81° 13' 30" E), Dist Hambantota, Loc D5, Layer II, depth .4m; subm by Dir Archaeol, Ceylon. Rootlets removed. Prabhas Patan series, Gu jarat Prabhas Patan (20° 53' N, 70° 24' E), Dist Junagadh; subm by Dir, Deccan College, Poona. 3100 ± 160 PRL-19. Chalcolithic culture 1150 BC Charcoal, Loc PP-I Tr B6, Layer 9, depth 2.95m. NaOH pretreatment. 3340 ± 105 PRL-20. Chalcolithic culture 1390 BC Charcoal, Loc PP-I Tr C6, Layer 7, depth 2.12m. NaOH pretreatment. 4240 ± 110 PRL-90. Flood deposit 2290 BC Charcoal from a flood deposit, Loc D6, Layer 16, depth 6.5m, Field 506. NaOH pretreatment. 3860 ± 165 PRL-91. Chalcolithic culture 1910 BC Charcoal from House 9, Loc C4, Layer 10, depth 3.3m, Field 421. NaOH pretreatment. 3830 ± 95 PRL-92. Chalcolithic culture 1880 BC Charcoal from Tr D6-7, Layer 14, depth 4.85m, Field 495. NaOH pretreatment. 94 D P Agrawal, R V Krishnamurthy, Sheela Kusumgar, and R K Pant 2000 ± HO PRL-97. Purana Qua, Delhi, early historic deposits 50 BC Charcoal from Purana Qua, Delhi, Loc PQL-N6 Qd 2, Layer 48, depth 10.35m, subm by Dir Gen, Archaeol, New Delhi. Rootlets removed. Sohgaura series, Uttar Pradesh Sohgaura (26° 23' N, 83° 30' E), Dist Gorakhpur; subm by S N Chaturvedi, Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur. PRL-182 dates Iron age and PRL-179, -178 date Chalcolithic layers. 2130 ± 90 PRL-182a. NBP deposits 180 BC Charcoal, Tr ZB2, Layer 9, depth 1.85m, sender's Sample 6a and b. NaOH pretreatment. 3090 x-130 PRL-179. BRW deposits 1140 BC Charcoal, Tr ZB2, Layer 11, depth 3.02m, sender's Sample 3. NaOH pretreatment. 3190 ± 110 PRL-178. BRW deposits 1240 BC Charcoal, Tr ZB2, Layer 12, depth 3.15m, sender's Sample 2. NaOH pretreatment. 4140 ± 130 PRL-85. Surkotada, India, Harappa culture 2190 BC Charcoal from Surkotada (23° 37' N, 70° 50' E), Dist Kutch, Loc ZF1, Qd 2, Layers 13 and 14, depth 4.85m, Field 21; subm by Dir Gen, Archaeol, New Delhi. Takiaper series, Uttar Pradesh Takiaper, Dist Varanasi; subm by T N Roy, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi. 2070 ± 100 PRL-184. NBP deposits 120 BC Charcoal, from burnt layer between deposits of Periods I and II, Layer 4, Field TKP-1. NaOH pretreatment. 4600 ± 120 PRL-47. NBP deposits (?) 2650 BC Charcoal, Loc Ao 2.58 X .70, Layer 5, depth 1.2m. Rootlets removed, NaOH pretreatment. Comment: sample represents an earlier tree stump burnt at site. PRL-61. Tilpat, India, wood of Adansonia digitata Modern Wood pieces from Tilpat (28° 30' N, 77° 20' E), Dist Gurgaon. Coil by K M Vaid; subm by Vishnu Mittre, Birbal Sahni Inst Palaeobot, Physical Research Laboratory Radiocarbon Date List I 95 Lucknow. NaOH pretreatment. Comment: dated to validate reputed antiquity of wood. Togarappalli series, Tamil Nadu Togarappalli (12 ° 25' N, 78° 22' E), Dist Dharmapuri. Coil by B Narasimhaiah; subm by IsI K Dhavalikar, Deccan College, Poona. 2180 ± 100 PRL-134. Megalithic culture 230 BC Charcoal, Loc TGP-3, Layer 5, depth 1.05m, Field TGP-3. NaOH pretreatment. 2150 ± 110 PRL-135. Megalithic culture 200 BC Charcoal, Loc TGP-3, Layer 5, depth 1.15m, Field TGP-3. NaOH pretreatment.

REFERENCES Agrawal, D P, Gupta, S K, and Kusumgar, Sheela, 1971, Tata Institute date list IX: Radiocarbon, v 13, p 442-449. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 96-109] SYDNEY UNIVERSITY NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS III R GILLESPIE and R B TEMPLE Sydney University Radiocarbon Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia This list describes samples dated in this laboratory between Novem- ber 1972 and December 1974. Experimental procedures and age calculations are performed by scintillation counting of benzene as previously described (Gillespie and Temple, 1972; 1973) using the group mean values for 6130 suggested by Polach (1969) to correct measured 6140 values for isotopic fractionation. Sample preparation is as described by Gillespie, Polach and Temple (1972). Ages are based on the Libby value of 5570 years for the half-life of 14C. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge with gratitude continued helpful assistance from H Polach and staff of the Radiocarbon Laboratory, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Interlaboratory cross checks and duplicates Lab no. SUA date Other no. date SUA-4/3 590 ± 70 40 (pers SUA-5/3 1090 ± 60 1 40 Rafter (pers

SUA-14/6 21,400 ± 500 560 Polach (pegs commun)

SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Australia Hooka Point series Samples coil by J P White, Dept Anthropol, Univ Sydney, and R J Lampert, Dept Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Aus- tralian Nail Univ, Canberra, from lakeside aboriginal midden, Hooka Point, Lake Illawarra NSW (34° 30' 5,150° 51' E). 2920 ± 90 SUA-66/1. AM 19/1 970 BC Shell (largely Anadara trapezia) from 10cm depth. 1440 ± 95 SUA-109/1. AM 28/1 AD 510 Carbonized wood, depth 30cm.

96 R Gillespie and R B Temple 97 3480 ± 90 SUA-66/2. AM 19/2 1530 BC Shell as above, depth 43cm. 3240 ± 85 SUA-66/3. AM 19/3 1290 BC Shell as above, depth 65 to 75cm. 3675 ± 85 SUA-66/4. AM 19/4 1725 BC Shell as above, depth 80cm. 3495 ± 85 SUA-180. AM 18/3 1545 BC Shell as above, depth 95 to 100cm. 2735 ± 100 SUA-109/2. AM 28/4 785 BC Carbonized wood, depth 105 to 110cm, Comment (JPW): site completely reworked by natural agencies (Emmerson, 1973; Hughes & Sulli- van, 1974). Thus determinations cannot be related to phases of human occupation. Report filed with NSW Dept Natl Parks & Wildlife Service. Sample code refers to sq m number and excavation unit. Richmond River series Samples coil 1972 by G N Bailey, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge Univ, from area of Richmond R, NSW. Chiciba Creek (28° 51' S,153° 34' 36" E) Site was a partially destroyed shell mound on S bank of creek containing mostly oyster shells (Crassostrea commercialis), also stone artifacts and bone remains of fish and small marsupials. Samples were obtained from excavation of a trench 1 m2 X 2m deep. 880 ± 85 SUA-122. Cl0 L1S1 AD 1070 Fragments of wood charcoal from ca 160cm above base of mound. 1410 ± 100 SUA-123. Cll L4S1 AD 540 Fragments of wood charcoal from ca 85cm above base of mound. 1700 ± 90 SUA-124. C12 L6S5 AD 250 Dispersed fragments of wood charcoal from ca 6cm above base of mound. Site was in use by aborigines ca All 1850 (Ainsworth, 1922) shortly before replacement of traditional subsistence patterns by European ex- ploitation. Date is approximate terminus ante quern for cessation of shell accumulation. 98 R Gillespie and R B Temple North Greek (28° 51' 12" 5,153 ° 34' 36" E) Mound of oyster shells on E bank of creek just N of road bridge. Site now almost completely destroyed. Bone remains and stone artifacts reported in 19th century with original dimensions of mound (Statham, 1892).

1350 ± 130 SUA-125. C-21 AD 600 Dispersed fragments of charcoal coil through depth ca 60cm of deposit, representing base of mound. Embley River series Samples coll by G N Bailey, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge Univ, from Kwamter, Weipa, Queensland (12° 44' S, 141° 55' 42" E). A large shell mound behind mangroves on S bank of Embley R near its junction with Hey R, containing mostly cockle shells (Anadara granosa), also stone and bone artifacts and bone remains of fish and small marsupials. Samples were obtained from excavation of trench l m2 X 3m deep.

710 ± 100 SUA-147. Weipa Spit-2 AD 1240 Wood charcoal from 265cm above base of mound.

855 ± 80 SUA-148. Weipa Spit-13 AD 1095 Wood charcoal from 150cm above base of mound.

1180 ± 80 SUA-149. Weipa Spit-20 AD 770 Wood charcoal from 5cm above base of mound. General Comment (GNB): earlier excavation of same site (Wright, 1971) yielded 14C dates as follows:

I-1737. Provenance near top of mound, and 235 ± 110 BP

I-1738. Provenance at base of mound 810 ± 65 BP All samples in above 2 series were coil as part of study into prehistoric economies assoc with their formation, The Richmond R dates were pub with preliminary interpretation by Bailey (1975). Both series date accumulation rate of midden deposit and earliest human occupation in each area. Blue Mountains series Samples coil Aug-Oct 1972 by E Stockton, St Patricks Coil, Manly, NSW, 2095 Australia, as part of study of aboriginal occupation of Blue Mts area of NSW. 99 Sydney University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements 111 Falls, NSIE Samples from a rock shelter on King's Tableland, Wentworth (33° 44' 5,150 ° 22' E). 965 ± 75 SUA-155. Blue Mts 5 AD 985 Charcoal from Level 5, 23 to 25cm below surface. <200 SUA-156. Blue Mts 13 Modern Charcoal from Level 13, 61 to 66cm below surface. 1110 ± 80 SUA-229. Blue Mts 15 AD 840 Charcoal from Level 15, 71 to 76cm below surface. 1060 ± 115 SUA-157. Blue Mts 16 AD 890 Charcoal from Level 16, 76 to 84cm below surface. 14,500 ± 580 SUA-194. Blue Mts 19 12,550 BC Charcoal from Level 19, 100 to 110cm below surface. 22,300 ± 1900 SUA-158. Blue Mts 21 20,350 BC Charcoal from Level 21, 120 to 130cm below surface. Sparse arti- factual material consists of predominantly quartz primary flakes with naturally sharp edges and points. General Comment (ES): Levels 1-16 assoc with Bondaian artifacts, Levels 19-21 with Capertian, possibly pre-Capertian, artifact material. Sharp stratigraphic differences between the 2 units, corroborated by the dates, suggests truncation of deposit somewhere between 14,000 and 1000 BP. Erosion by flowing water is not improbable (Stockton & Holland, 1974). Samples from a large rock shelter on Springwood Creek (33°40'5,150035'E). See also SUA-17, 18, R,19 72, v 14, p 416. 595 ± 85 SUA-204. Wa II 20cm AD 1355 Charcoal from depth 20cm, Phase II, Level 5. 7420 ± 140 SUA-205. Wa 90.95 5470 BC Charcoal from depth 90 to 100cm, Phase VI. 7440 ± 140 SUA-206. Wa 140 5490 BC Charcoal from depth 112 to 120cm, Phase VI. 8565 ± 430 SUA-285. W130.140 6615 BC Charcoal from depth 130 to 140cm, Phase VI. 100 R Gillespie and R B Temple Other dates in this series, SUA-15-18, have been pub (Gillespie, Polach, & Temple, 1972). General Comments: (ES) samples from depth 36 to 44cm and above were assoc with Bondaian artifacts, 68 to 76cm and below with Capertian. Like other Blue Mts sites, this one shows a marked break in aboriginal occupation between Bondaian and Capertian periods, suggesting deteriorating climate in intervening period. East Alligator River series Samples coil 1972 and 1973 by H Allen and J Kamminga, Univ Auckland, Univ Sydney, respectively, during archaeol survey of Alligator R Environmental Fact-Finding Study. Rock shelters test excavated were located along the escarpment of rock outliers near E Alligator R in W Arnhem Land. 545 ± 90 SUA-163. Ngarradj Warde Djobkeng B-1/1 AD 1405 Charcoal underlying sterile sand at topmost layer at Ngarradj Warde Djobkeng (12° 30' S, 132° 57' E) indicates that site was not intensively occupied during recent prehistoric times. 3450 ± 125 SUA-164. Ngarradj Warde Djobkeng B-1/5 1500 BC Charcoal from 75cm below surface dates base of shell midden at site. Upper midden layers assoc with fragments of edge-ground axes, rectangular scraper/adzes, stone points, shell artifacts, and bone points. 3990 ± 195 SUA-225. Ngarradj Warde Djobkeng B-1/7, 8 2040 BC Charcoal from sandy horizon beneath midden zone at depth interval 115 to 125cm. Preserved bone in horizon suggests a different exploitative pattern than that practiced later at the site. A fragment of cremated human cranium was directly assoc with dated charcoal. 8690 ± 125 SUA-165. Ngarradj Warde Djobkeng B-1/10 6740 BC Charcoal from middle of lowest horizon excavated at above site 175cm depth. This sandy, organically sterile layer contained a ground- edge axe, utilized and retouched flakes, and pieces of ocher, for which this determination gives a median age. 450 ± 80 SUA-263. Malakunanja II DJAW-3/4 AD 1500 Charcoal from a burial pit excavated into top of midden at this site, located along edge of Djawumba massif (12° 29' S, 132° 53' E). Pit contained cremated remains of a single human. 6355 ± 250 SUA-264. Malakunanja II DJAW-3/7, 8 4405 BC Charcoal from base of midden deposit at depth 65 to 68cm in above site. Midden is rich in bone and estuarine shell. Sydney University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III 101 18,040 ± 300 SUA-265. Malakunanja II DJAW-3/19 16,090 BC Charcoal from depth interval 188 to 215cm provides earliest evidence of human occupation at above site and is assoc with heavy mortars, the earliest known occurrence of these artifacts in Australia. Nourlangie Rock series Samples coll Nov 1972 by H Allen, from rock shelters with occupation deposit, at Nourlangie Rock, W Arnhem Land. 755 ± 125 SUA-161. Nangalu-uru NOU-6/3 AD 1195 Charcoal from Nangalu-uru (12° 52' S, 132° 53' E), from depth 20cm assoc with utilized flakes and scrapers typical of recent prehistoric phase. <200 SUA-226. Burial cave NOU-1/2 Modern Charcoal from burial cave (12° 54' S, 132° 48' E), from midden deposit assoc with scrapers, utilized flakes, and bifacial and unifacial points. 8625 ± 550 SUA-162. Burial cave NOU-1/7 6675 BC Charcoal from depth 80cm assoc with earliest stone tools found in test excavation at this site. Deaf Adder Gorge series Samples coil June 1973 by J Kamminga, Dept Anthropol, Univ Sydney, from rock shelters in Deaf Adder Gorge, W Arnhem Land. 2130 ± 55 SUA-243. Leichhardt site DA-1/9 180 BC Charcoal from Spit 9 at depth interval of 40 to 45cm in test trench at Leichhardt site, a well known aboriginal art site (13° 02' S, 132° 59' E). Spit is midway within occupational deposit at site and its date suggests that deposit is undisturbed. 5045 ± 125 SUA-244. Leichhardt site DA-1/14.16 3095 BC Charcoal from spits at 70 to 90cm depth. Earliest evidence of occupation at site. Date of stone technology recovered here corresponds with other dated `Upper Phase' industries in W Arnhem Land. 3070 ± 85 SUA-235. Lindner site DA-4/9 1120 BC Charcoal from spit at depth interval 40 to 45cm in test excavation at this site (13° 05' S, 132° 55' 30" E). Dates earliest bifacial and uni- f acial stone points in excavation. 102 R Gillespie and R B Temple 13,195 ± 175 SUA-236. Lindner site DA-4/24, 25 11,145 BC Charcoal from 2 spits at depth 125 to 130cm. Dates oldest small rectangular scraper/adzes in excavation, surprisingly early for artifact type considered more typical of later period. 19,975 ± 365 SUA-237. Lindner site DA-4/32.35 18,025 BC Charcoal from basal levels of occupational sediment assoc with quartz scalar cores and a quartzite horsehoof core (Kamminga & Allen, 1973). Swansea Channel series These 2 samples coil by L K Dyall, Univ Newcastle, from an aboriginal midden (33° 6' S, 1510 40' E) 13m above shoreline of channel between Lake Macquarie and the Pacific Ocean. Midden is adjacent to both estuarine and headland ecology and contains extensive faunal remains of an economy based on fishing and collecting shellfish, but ap- preciably augmented by hunting. Stone and bone. implements were manufactured on site, also used as a burial site. 1965 ± 85 SUA-238. Swaneh-2 15 BC Charcoal from compacted shell surface. Date is consistent with reports of European burning of these middens to obtain lime in 19th century. More recent material was dug away. 7870 ± 115 SUA-150. Swaneh-1 5920 BC Charcoal from lowest occupation, 44 to 49cm depth, some 10cm below intensive occupation layer. This earliest occupation, evidenced by a thin scatter of stone flakes and burned bone in gravelly sand is very early for a coastal midden. Devil's Lair series Samples coil by C E Dortch, D Merrilees et al as part of continuing studies of aboriginal occupation of a small limestone cave in extreme SW Western Australia (34° 09' S, 115° 04' E). Previous dates reported by Dortch and Merrilees (1973). 325 ± 85 SUA-342. AD 1625 Charcoal from Trench 7b uppermost of major stratigraphic units. Date consistent with field observation that this unit very young. No assoc artifacts or faunal remains. 6490 ± 145 SUA-364. 4540 BC Charcoal from Trench 7c from sandy pocket between 2 crystalline fiowstones near top of sediment. Artifacts and animal remains are also present. Sydney University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements 111 103 Northcli,fe samples 6780 ± 120 SUA-379. KS-2 4830 BC Date is based on charcoal from a 10cm artificial layer in lower part of leached or pallid zone of podsolized sands partly overlying a formation of silcrete on a farm W of Northcliffe, WA (34° 35' S, 116° 03' E). Site was a silcrete quarry and factory where geometric microliths were manufactured in quantity. SUA-379, from depth 85 to 95cm below datum, and ANU-1131, 3080 ± 75 yr BP, from depth 50cm below datum, bracket a stone industrial sequence containing geometric microliths, blades, bladelets, and quantities of flakes, chips, and fragments almost all of which are made of local silcrete. The lowermost geometric microlith occurs 1 to 3cm above uppermost charcoal sampled for SUA-379. Pollen samples from same position as ANU-1131 and from below SUA-379 contain pollen grains of Eucalyptus diversicolor, E calophylla, and E mar- ginata, species which are presently dominant in the area. II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Australia Southeastern Tasmania Samples coll by E A Colhoun, Dept Geog, Univ Tasmania. Pipeclay Lagoon (42° 55' 5,147° 34' E) 25,380 ± 640 SUA-151. No. 1 24,430 BC Dark brown organic rich marine clay from 31 to 36cm above present HWST. 20,250 ± 360 SUA-152. No. 2 18,300 BC As above, 39 to 44cm above present HWST. 19,810 ± 360 SUA-153. No. 3 17,860 BC As above, 52 to 56cm above present HWST. 21,900 ± 440 SUA-153/2. 19,950 BC General Comment (EAC): 1st 3 samples were from beds of highly humified to moderately humified organic sandy clay in eroded cliff sec on SE side of Lagoon. Clay is underlain by marine sandy clays of presumed last Interglacial age and overlain by strongly podsolized aeolian sands. 1st 3 assays suggest that organic sediments were deposited at base of a deflation hollow formed ca 25,000 to 20,000 yr BP during last Glacial Stage. Macquarie Island Samples coll by E A Colhoun and A Goede, Nov, 1972 on Macquarie I (54° 38' S, 158° 55' E). 104 R Gillespie and R B Temple 2070 ± 80 SUA-178. Macquarie Island-1 120 BC Peat with numerous plant debris from Green Gorge, Macquarie I. 2165 ± 80 SUA-179. Macquarie Island-3 215 BC Peat from Bauer Bay, Macquarie I. in stream valley 400m N of ANARE hut. Comment (EAC): these 2 samples are from base of peat overlying highest marine sediments found at Green Gorge and Bauer Bay. Results suggest that tectonic elev exposed extensive marine terrace of Macquarie I mainly during last 2000 yr. Rate of uplift > 1.5m/ 1000 yr and <4.5m/ 1000 yr (Colhoun and Goede, 1974). Point Waylen series Samples coll by G W Kendrick, West Australian Mus from Point Waylen, WA (31° 1' 3" S, 115° 48' 35" E). 4500 ± 100 SUA-339. 2550 BC Shell (Circe sulcata sp) 20 to 30cm below surface in pale brown quartz sand with abundant mollusk shells. 5440 ± 110 SUA-340. 3490 BC As above, 60 to 70cm below surface. 5940 ± 110 SUA-341. 3990 BC Shell (Sanguinolaria biradiata) 100 to i20cm below surface in dark gray mud with abundant mollusk shells. General Comment (GWK): dates confirm Middle Holocene age of emergent sediment marginal to Swan R. Sequence shows abrupt transition from shallow basin to marginal sand-sill facies in a sheltered marine embayment of approx normal salinity, in contrast to modern hydrologic condition of estuary. Youngest dated sample came from 10 to 20cm above mean sea level and top of shell bed lies 5cm above. Northcliffe sample 8335 ± 130 SUA-343. 6385 BC Wood from tree stump apparently in situ on ocean beach near mean sea level on S coast of Western Australia ./V of Northcliffe (34° 38' S, 115° 52' E). Coll by N Marchant, D Merrilees et al, W A Mus, and still under study by N M and D M (Dortch and Merrilees, 1973). King River series Samples coll by B G Thom, Dept Biogeog & Geomorphol, Australian Natl Univ below a high-tidal flat on the King R near Wyndham, Western Australia (15 ° 25' S, 128 ° 05' E). 111 105 Sydney University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements 6720 ± 110 4770 BC SUA-30B. Ti 1973). mud assoc with SUA-30A (Gillespie and Temple, Organic 4m below (BGT): samples date buried organic surface 3 to Comment 6200 ± 260, on present surface. Age was cross-checked by ANU-1091, time in this high- wooden fragments from another site. Sea level at this (Thom and Chappell, tide range was probably 2 to 3m below present 1975). Gold Coast series off Gold Coast, Samples coll by B G Thom from below sea level Queensland (28° 05' 5,153° 15' E). 980 ± 80 AD 970 SUA-105. Palm Beach Reef 3 Shell fragments. 10,560 ± 160 SUA-106. ETA 20 4/6 8610 BC produc- Peat. Comment (BGT): SUA-105 reflects relatively modern SUA-106 repre- tion of carbonate at least to water depths of 12 to 13m. level must have sents fresh water (?) peat under a veneer of sand. Sea Chappell, 1975). been below -26m when peat was deposited (Thom and Port Stephens-Myall Lakes series in the Samples coll by B G Thom, from below the Outer Barrier Newcastle Bight embayment, New South Wales. 9000 ± 230 SUA-104. T3-T4 7050 BC South Mixed shell fragments colt by L Bennett from Stockton, New Wales (32° 52' 5,151° 49' E). 5820 ± 115 SUA-248. 53.10 3870 BC Newcastle, Mixed shell and sand fragments from Anna Bay near New South Wales (32° 47' 5,152° 04' E). >29,000 SUA-249. 53.27 Mixed shell and sand fragments from above location. 16,280 ± 360 SUA-253. 52-13 14,330 BC Mixed shell and sand fragments from above location. 2300 ± 100 SUA-251. D1 350 BC (32° Charcoal from Eurunderee near Seal Rocks, New South Wales 29' 5,152° 23' E). 106 R Gillespie and R B Temple 7265 ± 250 SLJA-252. 57.7 5315 Bc Organic fibers from above location. SUA 246 5 0.13 >36,000 Organic clay from Salamander Bay near Newcastle, New South Wales (32° 45' 5,152° 06' E). SUA-247. 52.4 >34,000 Peat from Anna Bay, near Newcastle, New South Wales (32° 45' 5, 152° 07' E). SUA-250. 55.11 >32,000 Organic sand from Eurunderee, near Seal Rocks, New South Wales (32° 29' 5,152° 23' E). SUA-254. B1 >39,000 Shells (Anadara sp) from Largs, near Maitland, New South Wales (32° 45' 5,151° 33' E). General Comment (BGT): SUA-104 dates transgressive facies of Outer Barrier; shells were probably living on sea line close to time of deposition. But SUA-253, from the same facies, reflects either landward trans- port of biogenic carbonate with the marine transgression and/or incor- poration of eroded Inner Barrier shells during the transgression. SUA 249 is date on Inner Barrier near shore; shelly sands probably assoc with last Interglacial period, ca 120,000 BP. SUA-251, -252 dates are maximum of transgressive dune sheets with buried soils containing organic material. Samples SUA-246, -247, -250 represent organic-rich materials recovered by drilling below well-podsolized surfaces; dating 14C, "beyond the range" of thus, establishes antiquity of assoc deposits. Background age for SUA-254 confirms earlier dating by Thom (1965). B. West Irian Mt Carstensz (Java) series Samples coil Jan 1972 from Yellow Valley, 4250m alt near Mt Carstensz, Irian Jaya, Western New Guinea (4° 05' S, 137° 09' E) by J Peterson and G Hope, Biogeog Dept, Australian Natl Univ. 2470 ± 80 SUA-19. CGE-1 520 Bc Peat from above deformed lake sediments and beneath till. 1400 SUA-20/1. ± 80 CGE-2 AD 550 Peaty soil from same site, including rootlets. 2930 ± SUA-20/2. 100 CGE-2 980 BC As above, organic fines only. Nat ural Radiocarbon Measurernen is 111 S y d n e y Uni7'ersity 1520 ± 105 430 SUA-177. CGE-11 AD Lake sediment containing organic matter. 2440 ± 85 490 BC SUA-216. CARS-P3 Peat. 1335 ± 80 615 SUA-217. CARS-P5 AD Wood fragments from buried peaty soil. buried Comment (GSH): above dates from organic matter General 4250m. Minor beneath neoglacial tills and reflect glacier retreat above SUA-19 and -177 ice advances prelate SUA-20/2, occur twice between advance sequences and again after -217. One of best-dated neoglacial ice in the world. Discovery Valley series Core, Discovery Valley, alt Coll by J P and G H from Ijomba 3580m (4° 02' S, 137° 13' E). 13,850 ± 260 SUA-107. CGE-5 11,900 BC Algal gyttja deposited in fresh water. 6450 ± 100 SUA-108. CGE-6 4500 BC As above. core General Comment (GSH): 2 samples are from a pollen-analyzed minimal de - of sediments from a moraine-dammed lake. SUA-107 gives ice advances, while SUA-108 records arrival gglaciation from Pleistocene shallow water phase preceding in-filling. Oldest minimal glaciation of records date for New Guinea. Pollen analysis from SUA-107 horizon conditions similar to present. Aghawagon Valley series Valley, alt Coil by P and G H from Erztberg Mines, Aghawagon J ° 3620 in (4° 04' S, 137 07' E). 11,330 ± 150 9380 BC SUA-29A. CGE-4A glacial Woody fragments from peat between weathered bedrock and 11,820 ± 150 SUA-29B. CGE4B 9870 BC Fine organic mud from above sample. 13,260 ± 195 SUA-174A. CGE-8A 11,310 BC Algal gyttja buried under till. 108 R Gillespie and R B Temple 11,810 ± 250 SUA-175. CGE-9 9860 BC Organic soil buried under 5 to lOm till. 5830 ± 540 SUA-176A. CGE-10A 3880 BC Wood (twigs, stem, and bark) from above, buried under 4m barren

7510 ± 110 SUA-176B. CGE-10B 5560 BC Peat assoc with above sample. General Comment (GSH): dates mark retreat of Pleistocene ice above site, with readvance after SUA-174A and again after -29A and -175. Sequence records fluctuations in Pleistocene ice retreat for 1st time in New Guinea, but general age for retreat accords with dates elsewhere in New Guinea and tropics. SUA-176A is wood in a mudslide; age is minimum for return to present conditions. 3745 ± 95 SUA-173. CGE-7 1795 BC Wood enclosed in a large till-like valley deposit, thus providing maximum age for mudflow, Aghawagon Valley, alt 1820m (4° 07' S, 137° 05' E). 10,100 ± 130 SUA-28A. CGE-3 8150 BC NaOH-insoluble portion of wood from log overridden by till, Agha- wagon Valley, alt 1705m (4° 08' 5,137° 05' E). 10,540 ± 130 SUA-28B. CGE-3 8590 BC NaOH-soluble (humic acid) fraction of above. Comment: 2 samples were from wood crushed beneath till-like deposit; date is maximum for either a mudflow or till deposition. Pollen analysis indicates cooler conditions than, or similar to present. Refs to dates and relevant comparable dates in New Guinea included in HoeP and Peterson (19 75). Errata : Devils Lair series, R, 1973, v 15, p 567-568. Depths given refer to an arbitrary mark on a vertical cave wall, not to a "surface datum." Description on SUA-101 should read: 201-212cm, base of "first orange brown earthy layer". Omitted sample: 19,250 ± 900 SUA-33. Devil's Lair C 17,300 BC From Trench 5, 222cm below a thin flowstone, in "light earth layer". From y a triangular layer of ca 30cm side, assoc with a bone point. For SUA-32 ,Trench no. (2) was omitted. General Comment contains phrase: "considerably old", which di d not originate from D.M. y 109 Sydney University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III

REFERENCES Reminiscences: 18474922, Ballina, NSW. Ainsworth, J,1922, the results of midden Bailey, G N, 1975, The role of molluscs in coastal economies; Jour Archaeol Sci, v 2, p 45-62. analysis in Australia: dates and the raised Colhoun, E A and Goede, A, 1974, Fossil penguin bones: C some comments: Search, v 4, p 499-501 marine terraces of Macquarie Island: Western Merrilees, E, 1973, Human occupation of Devil's Lair Dortch, C E and in Oceania, v 8, Australia, during the Pleistocene: Archaeol and Phys Anthropol 89-115. p unpub BA thesis, Dept Anthropol, Univ Sydney. Emmerson, P. 1973, A disturbed site: natural radio- Gillespie, R, Polach, H A, and Temple, R B, 1972, Sydney University I: Radiocarbon, v 14, 413-417. carbon measurements p radiocarbon measure- Gillespie, R and Temple, R B, 1973, Sydney University natural ments II: Radiocarbon, v 15, p 566-573. vegetation in the high New Guinea Hope, G S and Peterson, J A, 1975, Glaciation and Mountains: Royal Soc New Zealand Bull, v 13, in press. of midden material by storm Hughes, P J and Sullivan, M E, 1974, The re-deposition waves: Jour Royal Soc New South Wales, Proc, v 107, p 6-10. R, The Alligator Rivers environmental fact-finding Kamminga, J and Allen, H 1973, Ind Council, study: Rept archaeol survey. Dept N Terr & Australian Mining N Terr, Australia. Darwin, age determinations Polach, H A, 1969, Optimization of liquid scintillation radiocarbon and reporting of ages: Atomic Energy in Australia, v 12, no. 3, p 15-23. shell-beds: Jour Royal Soc New Statham, E J, 1892, Observations of shell-heaps and 304-314. South Wales, v 26, p environment in the Stockton, E and Holland, W N, 1974, Cultural sites and their and Phys Anthropol in Oceania, v 9, p 36-65 Blue Mts: Archaeol Port Stephens-Myall B G, 1965, Late Quaternary coastal morphology of the Thom, v 98, 23-36. Lakes area, New South Wales: Jour Royal ,Soc New South Wales, p relative to Australia: Search, Thom, B G and Chappell, J, 1975, Holocene sea levels v 6, 90-93. p M, 1975, Mangrove ecology and deltaic Thom, B G, Wright, L D, and Coleman, J Jour estuarine geomorphology, Cambridge Gulf-Ord River, Western Australia: Ecol, v 63, p 203-232. I) Wright, R V S, 1971, Prehistory in the Cape York Peninsular, in: Mulvaney, J in Australia, Canberra: and Golson, J (eds), Aboriginal man and environment Australian Natl Univ Press, p 133-140. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 110-115] TALLINN RADIOCARBON DATES III J M PUNNING, T KAKUM, and R RAJAMAE Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences, Estonian SSR This list comprises age measurements carried out In from 1973 to 1974. dating the samples reported here as well as in calculating their the ages, same equipment and methods were used as previously d escrlbed 1973, (R, v 15, p 586-591; 1974, v 16, p 388-394). Sample ages are calculated using the conventional half-life of 5568 ± 30 yr referred to the standard year 1950.

SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Estonian SSR 7630 Tln-106. ± 70 Viitna 5680 BC Wood peat from bottom of thermokarst hollow near Viitna, Rakvere Dist. Coll 1973 from depth 210 to 215cm and subm by R Karukap , Inst Geol, Acad p Sci Estonian SSR (now Inst Geol). Comment: based on pollen-analytic data, R Pirrus attributes accumulation of peat to Boreal period.

4895 Tin-111. ± 90 Mehikoorma 2945 BC Peat from bottom of Lake Peipsi, ca 2km E of Mehikoorma settlement. Lake depth l im: sample coil from depth 5 to 40cm from bottom. Coil 1973 by J M Punning, R Rajamae, and E Rahni, Inst Geol.

8330 Tln-127. ± 110 Kruudneri 6380 BC Peat from Kruudneri Bog is in closed ridge of glacial disintegration in Otepaa elevation. Sample coil at a lower contact of organic and lake sediments. Coil 1973 and subm by R Karukapp.

B. North and Northeast of the East European Plain of USSR

6705 ± 110 Tin-87. Molodyozhnoye 4755 BC Peat from left bank of Chornaya R, W of town Zelenogorsk, of NW part Leningrad Dist. Sample lies at depth 185 to 190cm in organic buried complex under beach barrier of Littorina Sea. Coil 1973 by T K akum, Punning, y J M and R Rajamae. Comment: sample from depth 205cm dated 7350 ± 70 (TA-197:R, 1970,.v 12, p 245). From pollen-analytic data, L Serebryanny attributes accumulation of organic layers to Pollen Zone AT 1.

110 111 J M Punning, T Kakum, and R Rajamae 6050 ± 90 4100 BC Tln-100. Molodyozhnoye 155 to Sapropel from same complex as Tin-87. Sample coil at depth 160cm. 6455 ± 80 Tln-88. Tamitsa 4505 BC R, Wood remains from marine loam on lower reaches of Tamitsa deposits Arkhangelsk Dist. In profile there are 2 complexes of marine complex of and clay) separated by peat. Coil 1973 from upper loam branch marine deposits and subm by B Koshetchkin, Geol Just, Kola Acad Sci USSR. 8705 ± 70 6755 BC Tln-89. Tamitsa Peat from isolated complex from profile Tamitsa. 3935 ± 60 1985 BC Tln-90. Kolvitsa of Wood remains from marine deposits of terrace near mouth R, Kola Peninsula. Coil and subm by B Koshetchkin. Comment: Kolvitsa Results plant remains from same complex dated 13,510 ± 230, LE-1030. of pollen analyses show Atlantic climatic age. 4030 ± 90 2080 BC Tln-91. Vonguda R, Arkhangelsk Peat from Holocene sediments from bank of Vonguda separated by In profile there are 3 complexes of marine deposits Dist. subm by B lake and bog deposits. Coil 1973 from upper complex and Koshetchkin. 7825 ± 70 5875 BC Tln-92. Vonguda Von- Wood remains from the lower lake and bog deposits in profile guda (see Tln-91). 7840 ± 60 5890 BC Tln-112. Sosnovy Bor Dist, ca Sapropel on left bank of Kowash R, SW part of Leningrad Sea de- from road bridge. Lagoon deposits underneath Littorina 200m peat and are separated from underlying medium-grained sand by posits R Rajamae. lake sediments.fts, Coil 1973 by T Kakum, J M Punning, and 8270 ± 120 6320 BC Tin-101. Sosnovy Bor R, (see Tin- Peat from lake and bog deposits on left bank of Kowash regression of Ancylus 112). Comment: accumulation of peat started after Lake. 112 J M Punning, T Kakum, and R Rajamae Tchimmilitsa series 4560 Tin-107. ± 120 Tchimmilitsa 2610 BC Wood peat from Holocene sec on right bank of Olonka R, Ark- hangelsk Dist. Sample depth 325 to 330cm. Coil 1973 and subm byy E Devyatova, Inst Geol, Karelia Branch Acad Sci USSR. 4590 Tin-108. ± 80 Tchimmilitsa 2640 BC Wood peat from depth 545 to 555cm. Tin-109. 5120 ± 70 Tchimmilitsa 3170 BC Reed peat from depth 658 to 665cm. 6315 ± Tin-110. Tchimmilitsa 70 4365 BC Reed peat from depth 768 to 772cm. 31,300 Tin-113. Virjuga ± 600 29,350 BC Shells from profile on left bank Pjoza R near mouth of Arkhangelsk Vir juga R, Disc Gray sandy loam with shells lie on till. Kakum, Coil 1973 byy T J M Punning, and R Rajamae. Comment: age dated layer (10 to 50 of shells. According to E Devyatova and E Loseva (1964), sandy loam is deposited by Boreal transgression. 40,200 ± 800 Tin-1i4. Vir'u a g 38,25O BC Age dated by inner layer (50 to 100% in weight) of shells from Tin- 113. Age is minimum for these deposits. 3660 Tin-115. Kol ± 50 P ino 1710 Bc Peat from bottom of Lake Peipsi near Kolpino I, Pskov Dist. Depth of lake 1.6m, sample coil at depth 20 to 40cm from bottom . Coil 1973 by J M Punning, R Rajamae, and E Rahni. Zaton series Profile Zaton from left bank of Mezen R, 1.5km upstream Zaton, Arkhangelsk from Dist. Dense clay underlies sand complex with shells. Coil 1973 by T Kakum, J M Punning, and R Rajamae. Outer layer of shells (0 to 25% by weight) was removed. 900 Tin-120A . 25 t o 40 % 24,200 ± 800 Tin-120J3 . 40 to 55 % 22,250 BC 900 Tin-120C . 55 t o 70 % BC Tallinn Radiocarbon Dates III 113 34,200 ± 900 Tln-120D. 85 to 100% 32,250 BC 8170 ± 90 Tln-122. Bolvanski mys 6220 BC Peat from cape Bolvanski near Petschora R, Arkhangelsk Dist. Sam- ple coil from sea terrace, at depth 3.2m. Coil 1969 and subm by L Rozanov, Inst Geog Acad Sci USSR (now Inst Geog). 8370 ± 100 Tln-125. Arkhangelsk 6420 BC Peat from boring in Arkhangelsk city. Near-shore lake and bog sediments underlain by clay and overlain by sand and peat. Coil 1968 from depth 17.25 to 17.50m by E Garibyan and subm by 0 Znamenskaya, Leningrad State Univ. 9115 ± 100 Tin-126. Arkhangelsk 7165 BC Peat from boring in Arkhangelsk from depth 17.50m to 17.70m. C. Middle of East European Plain 3330 ± 60 Tln-121. Tsna 1380 BC Peat with wood remains from flood plain of Tsna R, Moscow Dist. Crescent-lake deposits, 2.5m thick, underlain by muddy clay. Coll 1973 from depth 120cm and subm by J Glasko, Inst Geog. 1790 ± 70 Tln-123. Glazov AD 160 Wood remains from 1st riparian terrace, Tchentsa R, 13km upstream from Glazov, Udmurt ASSR. Tree trunk is embedded in crescent-lake sediments at depth 3.9 to 4.15m. Coil 1973 and subm by L Rozanov. 2575 ± 60 Tln-124. Moksha 625 BC Wood remains from 1st terrace of Moksha R 6km S from Kadoma. Tree trunk is embedded in crescent-lake sediments at depth 3.6m. Coil 1973 and subm by j Glasko. D. Far East and East Siberia 3375 ± 110 Tln-102. Reineke 1425 BC Shells from the coast of Ohhota Sea at Reineke sound. Coll 1971 from submerged beach at beach barrier and subm by J Veinbergs, All- Union Research Inst Marine Geol. Tln-103. Urkt 37,500 Well-decomposed peat from cliff in Urkt sound of NE Sahalin I; alurite with organogenic deposits lie at depth 3 to 3.4m. Coil 1971 and subm by J Veinbergs. 114 J M Punning, T Kakum, and R Rajamae 22,890 ± 640 Tln-105. Routan 20,940 BC Peat from sec on NE coast of Bolshoi Routan, Siberian Sea. Well decomposed peat underlie silty sand. Coll 1973 and subm by J Veinbergs. E. Middle Asia of USSR 2860 ± 80 Tln-104. Kulanda 910 BC Shells from coastal deposits 7km S from Kulanda, on N coast of Aral Sea. Coarse-grained sands with shells lay at depth .5 to 1.5m. Coll 1969 and subm by J Veinbergs. 1390 ± 65 Tln-116. Kokand AD 560 Peat from alluvial bog deposits from 1st riparian terrace, Naiman- say R, near Kokand, Fergana valley. Coll 1972 from depth .3m by L Serebryanny, T Serebryannaya, and G Pshenin, Inst Geog.

II. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES Estonian SSR 1395 ±80 Tln-93. Arniko AD 555 Charcoal from burial mound near Arniko, Polva Dist. Depth of sample .2m. Archaeologic analysis shows 4th to 5th centuries. Coll 1973 and subm by 11 Aun, Inst Hist Acad Sci, Estonian SSR (now Inst Hist). 1455 ± 70 Tln-94. Arniko AD 495 Charcoal from burial mound near Arniko. Coll 1973 from depth .3m and subm by M Ann. 1315 ± 100 Tln-95. Kivivare AD 635 Charcoal from ancient settlement Kivivare, Valga Dist. Estimated archaeologic age 8th to 10th centuries. Coll 1972 from depth 85 to 90cm and subm by 1\'I Aun. 340 ± 80 Tln-96. Kivivare AD 1610 Charcoal from ancient settlement Kivivare. Coll 1972 from depth 70cm, and subm by M Aun. 1570 + 70 T1n-97. Kivivare AD 380 Charcoal from ancient settlement Kivivare. Coll 1972 from depth 100cm and subm by M Aun. Tallinn Radiocarbon Dates 111 115 1105 ± 110 T1n-98. Polgaste AD 845 Charcoal from burial mound near Polgaste, Polva Dist. Estimated archaeologic age: 1st century. Coil 1973 from depth 85 to 100cm and subm by S Laul, Inst Hist. 1725 ± 60 rln-99. Polgaste AD 225 Charcoal from burial mound near Polgaste. Coil 1973 from depth 120cm and subm by S Laul.

REFERENCES Devyatova, E and Loseva, E, 1964, Stratigrafiya i paleogeografiya tschetvertitschnovo periyoda v basseine reki Mezeni: Nauka, Leningrad. lives, E, Punning, J M, and Liiva, A, 1970, Tartu radiocarbon dates IV: Radiocarbon, v 12, p 238-248. Punning, J M, Kakum, T, and Rajamae, R, 1973, Tallinn radiocarbon dates I: Radio- carbon, v 15, p 586-581. -- 1974, Tallinn radiocarbon dates II: Radiocarbon, v 16, p 388-394. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 116-124] UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI RADIOCARBON DATES V K L ELDRIDGE, J J STIPP, and J HATTNER Department of Geology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida The following list of dates are selected from geologic and archaeologic samples measured in early 1975. The technique employed is liquid scintillation counting of wholly synthesized benzene as described by Noakes et al (1965) and discussed in R, v 16, p 402-408. Errors are reported as one standard deviation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to D Evans, Dept Biology, for the supplemental use of his Packard Tri-Garb 2003 liquid scintillation spectrometer. We also wish to thank students, P Crevello, S Locker, and J Plescia, for their assistance with various aspects of laboratory preparations. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. El Salvador Santa Leticia series Three charcoal samples from artificial fill under `Pot Belly' statue, 2nd terrace, Finca Santa Leticia, Apaneca area, E1 Salvador (13° 51' 18" N, 89° 47' 32" W). Coil 1969 and subm 1974 by S H Boggs. General Comment (SHB): results indicate emplacement of statuary during Pre-Classic era. Culture presently unknown. Santa Leticia statuary emplacement corresponds chronologically with `Pot Belly' emplace- ments at Finca Monte Alto, Guatemala (Bergen, 1973; Cadwell et al, 1975). 2400 ± 60 UM-390. Santa Leticia 1 450 BC 2460 ± 130 UM-391. Santa Leticia 3 510 BC 2780 ± 210 UM-392. Santa Leticia 19.21 830 BC B. Puerto Rico Villa Taina series Charcoal and shell from shell midden, Boqueron, Puerto Rico (18° 02' 27" N, 67° 11' 33" W). Charcoal pretreated with 5% NaOH for removal of humic acid. Dated to establish Arawak Indian habitation (Goodwin, 1973). Coil and subm 1974 by C Goodwin. 1300 ± 90 UM-398. Villa Taina lAa AD 650 Charcoal from 27cm beneath surface.

116 K L Eldridge, J J Stipp, and J Hattner 117 1090 ± 100 UM-399. Villa Taina lAb AD 860 Duplicate run of UM-398. 1050 ± 80 UM-400. Villa Taina lB AD 900 Shell from 30cm beneath surface.

II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. United States 'Caesars Creek Bank series Shell and coral samples from 8 piston cores from .2 to 1.7m water, Caesars Creek Bank, Biscayne Bay, Florida. Carbonate mudbank-storm, tidal delta assoc with major tidal pass between Biscayne Bay and inner reef tract, SE coast of Florida. Dates depositional sequence of bank. Samples found in situ except UM-336 and -344. Coll and subm 1974 by E R Warzeski, RSMAS, Univ Miami.

Core 1 from .2m water. Core penetration 4.8m to bedrock (250 23' 00" N, 80° 13' 12" W). 1760 ± 100 UM-297. Core 1 AD 190 Codakia orbicularis and Porites divaricata from 135 to 145 cm within core. 3300 ± 80 UM-326. Core 1 1350 BC Codakia orb icularis from 290 to 300cm within core. 3870 ± 80 UM-327. Core 1 1920 BC Codakia orb icularis from 335 to 345cm within core.

Core 2 from .5m water. Core penetration 5.3m to bedrock (25° 22' 53" N, 80° 13' 01" W). 2040 ± 90 UM-335. Core 2 90 BC Codakia orb icularis, Astrea tecta americana, and Porites divaricata from 150 to 160cm within core. 4200 ± 100 UM-336. Core 2 2250 BC Anodontia alba from 420 to 430cm within core. Comment (ERW): shell directly underlying storm mud layer. Shell was deposited after burial of UM-337. 3600 ± 140 UM-337. Core 2 1650 BC Anodontia alba and Laevicardium laevigatum from 480 to 500cm within core. 118 K L Eldridge, J J Stipp, and J Hattner Core 3 from 1.7m water. Core penetration 2.5m (25° 22' 42" N, 80° 12' 50" W). 2300 ± 90 UM-322. Core 3 350 BC Codakia orbicularis from 235 to 245cm within core.

Core 4 from 1.7m water. Core penetration 4.6m to bedrock (25° 22' 41" N, 80° 12' 48" W). Comment (ERW): core penetrated buried tidal channel. UM-332 antedates cutting of channel and is below erosional surface of channel floor. UM-331, -344, and -330 record lateral migration of channel margin across core site. 1540 ± 80 UM-330. Core 4 AD 410 Porites divaricata from 80 to 90cm within core. 3530 ± 130 UM-344. Core 4 1580 BC Porites divaricata, Astrea tecta americana, and Tellina similis from 255 to 265cm within core. Comment (ERW): UM-344 appears to be transported material. 1880 ± 80 UM-331. Core 4 AD 7O Anodontia alba from 310cm within core. 3650 ± 100 UM-322. Core 4 1700 BC Laevicardium laevigatum from 360 to 374cm within core.

Core 5 from .7m water. Core penetration 5.4m (25° 22' 32" N, 80° 12' 12" W). 2820 ± 480 UM-321. Core 5 870 BC Laevicardium laevigatum from 370 to 410cm within core. 3480 ± 90 UM-320. Core 5 1520 BC Laevicardium laevigatum from 480 to 510cm within core.

Core 6 from .4m water. Core penetration 5.4m (25° 22' 58" N, 80° 12' 15" W). 2020 ± 90 UM-318. Core 6 70 Bc Laevicardium laevigatum and Ponies divaricata from 360 to 380cm within core. 2640 ± 100 UM-319. Core 6 690 BC Laevicardium laevigatum from 460 to 480cm within core. University of Miami Radiocarbon Dates V 119

Core 7 from .4m water. Core penetration 5.4m to bedrock (25° 22' 21" N, 800 12' 48" W). 990 ± 80 UM-323. Core 7 AD 960 Manicina areolata from 280 to 290cm within core. 3530 ± 130 UM-324. Core 7 1580 BC Laevicardium laevigatum, Tellina mera, and Gum ingia tellinoides from 485 to 495cm within core.

Core 8 from .9m water. Core penetration 3.9m (25° 22' 16" N, 80° 13' 00" W). 240 ± 80 UM-333. Core 8 AD 1710 Astrea tecta americana, Natica canrena, and Porites divaricata from 200 to 210cm within core. 1920 ± 120 UM-334. Core 8 AD 30 Manicina areolata from 310 to 330cm within core. Safety valve series Eight cores from Safety Valve tidal bar, Biscayne Bay, Florida. Dates establish pattern of tidal-bar formation relative to sea level rise (Plescia et al, 1975). Cores from .5 to lm water. Core A (25° 39' 03" N, 80° 10' 25" W). Core B (25° 39' 06" N, 80° 10' 05" W). Core C (25° 37' 44" N, 80° 10' 13" W). Core D (25° 37' 48" N, 80° 10' 00" W). Core E (25° 37' 12" N, 80° 10' 05" W). Core F (25° 36' 25" N, 80° 10' 30" W). Core G (25° 36' 00" N, 80° 10' 00" W). Core H (25° 36' 16" N, 80° 09' 45" W). Coll and subm 1973, 1974 by J Plescia, Univ Miami. 900 ± 60 UM-309. Core A AD 1050 Shell from 12 to 18cm within core. 1700 ± 80 UM-505. Core A AD 250 Shell from 48 to 56cm within core. 1500 ± 80 UM-306. Core A AD 450 Porites coral from 61 to 69cm within core. 1520 ± 120 UM-495. Core A AD 430 Porites coral from 152 to 158cm within core. 3020 ± 110 UM-308. Core A 1070 BC Shell from 335 to 363cm within core. 120 K L Eldridge, J J Stipp, and J Hattner 3620 ± 90 UM-307. Core B 1670 BC Shell from 399 to 424cm within core. +520 27,540 -560 UM-310. Core B 25,590 BC Recrystallized limestone from 424 to 427cm within core. 960 70 UM-516. Core C AD 990 Shell from 175 to 182cm within core. 2360 ± 90 UM-514. Core C 410 BC Shell from 250 to 262cm within core. 1380±70 UM-515. Core D AD 570 Shell from 71 to 79cm within core. 1230 ± 80 UM-517. Core D AD 720 Porites coral from 71 to 79cm within core. 2500 ± 120 UM-513. Core D 550 BC Shell from 320 to 343cm within core. 840 ± 80 UM-502. Core E AD 1110 Porites coral from 0 to 10cm within core. 520 ± 60 UM-499. Core E AD 1430 Porites coral from 24 to 32cm within core. 960 ± 70 UM-496. Core E AD 990 Shell from 52 to 55cm within core. 4030 ± 110 UM-498. Core E 2080 BC Shell from 175 to 183cm within core. 3130 ± 110 UM-503. Core E 1180 BC Shell from 183 to 193cm within core. 320 ± 70 UM-511. Core F AD 1630 Porites coral from 14 to 22cm within core. 660 ± 70 UM-510. Core F AD 1290 Porites coral from 57 to 67cm within core. University of Miami Radiocarbon Dates V 121 1470 ± 80 UM-509. Core F AD 480 Porites coral from 159 to 168cm within core. 2230 ± 80 UM-507. Core F 280 BC Porites coral from 210 to 216cm within core. 4270 ± 100 UM-508. Core F 2320 BC Shell from 259 to 269cm within core. 19,840 ± 420 UM-512. Core F 17,890 BC Recrystallized limestone from 259 to 269cm within core. 1900 ± 140 UM-506. Core G AD 50 Porites coral from 261 to 270cm within core. 4200 ± 90 UM-500. Core H 2250 BC Porites coral from 25 to 33cm within core. 520 ± 80 UM-497. Core H AD 1430 Porites coral from 46 to 53cm within core. 900 ± 80 UM-504. Core H AD 1050 Porites coral from 86 to 94cm within core. 900 ± 80 UM-501. Core H AD 1050 Porites coral from 195 to 203cm within core. B. Bahamas Frazers Hog Cay series Carbonate sediment from 3 cores, Frazers Hog Cay, Bahamas. Con- tinuation of study on Frazers Hog Cay (R, v 17, p 410), to determine date of Holocene bank flooding and transgression (Crevello et al, 1975). Coll 1962 by J Imbrie; subm 1975 by P Crevello, Univ Miami, and H Buchanan. 2240 ± 60 UM-488. Core 855 (cc) R 290 BC Oolitic sand from 242 to 262cm within core. From .75m water (25° 26' 56" N, 77° 56' 45" W). 2120 ± 70 UM-489. Core 858N 170 BC Shells from 120cm within core. From 2.2m water (25° 27' 25" N, 77° 53' 14" W). 122 K L Eldridge, J J Stip p, and J Hattner 960 ± 60 UM-490. Core 784.2 BN AD 990 Organic aggregate and grapestone sand from 20 to 30cm within core. From 1.5m water (25° 27' 25" N, 77° 53' 14" W). 1400 ± 100 UM-491. Core 784.2 BN AD 550 Organic aggregate and grapestone sand from 150cm within core. Same core as UM-490. Haines Cay series Marine-derived carbonates from beach and eolian dune ridge sediments. Dates provide temporal framework for interpretation of island fomation and Holocene sea level. Continuation of study on Haines Cay, Bahamas (R, v 17, p 118; Pasley et al, 1975). Dune A forms rocky shoreline on NE side of I. Lithified material is well-sorted, oolitic calcarenite. Dune B is W of Dune A. Semi-lithified material is oolitic, pelletoidal calcarenite. Dune C forms shoreline on NW side of I. Lithi- fied material is well-sorted, oolitic calcarenite. Dune D is a massive back beach dune S of Dune A. Poorly lithified material is oolitic, pelletoidal calcarenite. Dune E extends S of Dunes A and B, W of Dune D. Semi- lithified material is oolitic, pelletoidal calcarenite. Coll and subm 1974 by D Pasley, RSMAS, Univ Miami, and S Locker. 5580 ± 100 UM-407. Dune A 3630 BC Fine grained oolites, alt 2m above MSL (25° 44' 10" N, 77° 49' 08" W). 6280 ± 100 UM-494. Dune A 4330 BC Fine grained oolites, alt 2m above MSL (25 ° 34' 58" N, 77° 49' 07" W). 5840 ± 100 UM-404. Dune A 3890 BC Fine grained oolites, alt 1.5m above MSL (25° 43' 58" N, 77° 49' 07" W). Comment (SL): UM-494 and -404 show reverse age trend relative to superposition, 4110 ± 111 UM-409. Dune B 2160 BC Medium grained oolites, alt 7m above MSL (25° 44' 10" N, 77° 49' 08" W). 3670 ± 90 UM-408. Dune B 1720 BC Medium grained oolites, alt 5m above MSL (25° 44' 10" N, 77° 49' 08" W). Comment (SL): UM-409 and -408 show reverse age trend relative to superposition. University of Miami Radiocarbon Dates V 123 6460 ± 90 UM-492. Dune C 4510 BC Fine grained oolites, alt lm above MSL (25° 44' 09" N, 77° 49' 12" W) 1920 ± 80 UM405. Dune D AD 30 Medium grained oolites, alt 2m above MSL (25° 43' 58" N, 77° 49' 07" W). 2020 ± 80 UM-493. Dune E 70 BC Medium grained oolites, alt 2m above MSL (25 ° 43' 54" N, 77° 49' 09" W). 1860 ± 70 UM-406. Beach sand AD 90 Mixed carbonate sand from intertidal zone, E of Dunes D and E (25° 43' 57" N, 77° 49' 07" W).

C. Martinique Martinique series Charcoal from pyroclastic surge sediments, near Mt Pelee, Mar- tinique. Dated to determine age of surge sediments emanating from Mt Pelee. Coll and subm 1974 by G P L Walker, Imperial Coil Sci and Technol, London. 1230 ± 80 UM-394. Martinique 56 AD 720 Sample from non-pumiceous sediment, 2.6km S of Mt Pelee summit (14° 47' N, 61° 10' W).

3110 ± 100 UM-395. Martinique 75 1160 BC Sample from non-pumiceous sediment, .5km NW of Quartiere Demare, NE slope of Mt Pelee (14° 50' N, 61° 07' W). Comment (GPLW): precedes UM-396 surge sediment.

2020 ± 80 UM-396. Martinique 95 70 BC Sample from pumice sediment, road cut at Morne Calebasse, 2.6km SE of Mt Pelee summit (14° 48' N, 61° 09' W).

4940 ± 100 UM-397. Martinique 131 2990 BC Sample from non-pumiceous sediment, road cut .4km SW of Morne Rouge (14° 46' N, 61° 08' W). 124 K L Eldridge, J J Stipp, and J Hattncr RFFFRFNCFS R,1973, Summary of UCLA '4C dates for Monte Alto. Berger, the Pot-Belly Cadwell, H, Boggs, S H, and Stipp, J J, 1975, Radiocarbon dating of statuary of El Salvador and Guatemala: Florida Acad Sci, Lakeland, Florida, March 20-22. recent Crevello, P. Buchanan, H, and Stipp, J J, 1975, Radiocarbon dates and sea level: Florida Acad Sci, Lakeland, Florida, March 20-22. Bahamian of Miami Eldridge, K L, Stipp, J J, Hattner, J, and McDougal, E, 1975, University radiocarbon dates IV: Radiocarbon, v 17, p 407-412. Goodwin, C, 1973, Villa Taina: 5th internatl Gong for the study of Pre-Columbian cultures of the Lesser Antilles Proc, p 1-10. and counting advances in Noakes, J E, Kim, S M, and Stipp, J J, 1965, Chemical liquid scintillation age dating: 6th internatl '4C and 3H dating conf Proc, Pull- man, Washington, June 7-11, 1965, p 68-92. D, Locker, S, Stipp, 1975, Holocene sea level history and its relationship Pasley, J J, Acad to eolianite sequences on Haines Cay, Berry Islands, Bahamas: Florida Sci, Lakeland, Florida, March 20-22. of the safety valve forma- Plescia, J B, Stipp, J J, 1975, Preliminary geochrnology tion: Florida Acad Sci, Lakeland, Florida, March 2022 radiocarbon dates II: Radio- Stipp, J J, and Eldridge, K L, 1975, University of Miami carbon, v 17, 112-120. p K, University of Miami Stipp, J J, Eldridge, K L, Cohen, S J, and Webber, 1974, radiocarbon dates I: Radiocarbon, v 16, p 402-408. [RAL)iocARSoN, VOL. 18, No. 1, 1976, P. 125-139] UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN RADIOCARBON DATES XIII MARGARET M BENDER, REID A BRYSON and DAVID A BAERREIS Center for Climatic Research University of Wisconsin, Madison Procedures and equipment of the laboratory have been described in previous date lists. Lake cores and marls are treated with acid only, wood, charcoal, and peat samples with dilute NaOH and dilute H3P04 (unless indicated otherwise) before conversion to methane which is used as counting gas. The dates reported have been calculated with 5568 as the half-life of 14C, 1950 as the reference year. The standard deviation quoted includes only the lU of the counting statistics of background, sample, and standard counts. Background methane is prepared from anthracite coal, standard methane from NBS oxalic acid. The 13C/12C ratios of the CO., samples prepared from this oxalic acid are measured and the activity of the standard methane is corrected for any deviation from -19 % (Craig, 1961). The actual values (compared to the PDB standard) varied from -19.3 to -20.1 %;o over the past year. The activities of the dated samples for which 6130 values are listed have been corrected to correspond to a S13C value of -25 %. Samples are counted at least twice, once in each of two .5L counters at 3 atm pressure for a minimum total of 15,000 counts.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research is supported by GA-10651-X, National Science Founda- tion, Atmospheric Sciences Division, 0CD74-23041, Office for Climate Dynamics, National and International Programs, National Science Foundation, and by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense, monitored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. F44620-75-C-0005. We thank the Chemistry Department for the use of the Nuclide RMS-6-60 mass spectrometer. We also thank Raymond Steventon for technical assistance and W F Arent- zen, E Richter, and E S Roth for laboratory aid.

I. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. Illinois 1750 ± 55 WIS-718. Cahokia AD 200 Charcoal, E-73-88, sycamore, from refuse-storage pit fill, Feature 17 in House 2, rectangular wall trench house of Mississippian tradition in Cahokia, Madison Co, Illinois (38° 47' 15" N, 90° 4' 15" W). Coll 1973 by M L Gregg, Univ Wisconsin-Milwaukee; subm by D A Baerreis. Sample from 150cm below surface.

125 126 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis B. Iowa Glenwood series, Kuhl site (13ML126, 13ML136, 13ML138, 13ML139) Charcoal from 4 earthlodges of Nebraska aspect, Central Plains tradition, on W slope above bluff overlooking Pony Creek, 3.33km W of ° ° Glenwood, Iowa (41 ° 2' 49" N, 95 ° 47' 22" W, 41 2' 50" N, 95 47' 24" W,41°2'51"N, 95°47'18"W, and 41°2'50"N, 95° 47' 25" W, respectively). Excavated 1971.72 by John Hotopp, Iowa City, Iowa; subm by D A Baerreis. Samples id by Dwight Bensend, Ames, Iowa. 730 ± 55 WIS-632. Kuhl site (13ML126) AD 1220 S13C = -26.1% Sample 321-634 (Populus deltoides) found near floor in square near NE corner of earthlodge. 985 ± 45 WIS-633. Kuhl site (13ML126) AD 965 3130 = -27.3 Sample 321-825 (Qieercus rubra), probable central support post from NE area of earthlodge, mold diam 212mm. 840±60 WIS-716. Kuhl site (13ML126) AD 1110 S13C = -26.1% Sample 321-C1 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from cache in NE corner of earthlodge. 875 ± 60 WIS-697. Kuhl site (13ML136) AID 1075 $13C = -25.7% Sample 336-C7-4 (Ulmus rubra) from Cache 7 NW of central hearth. 690 ± 50 WIS-702. Kuhl site (13ML136) AD 1260 313C = -25.8%0 Sample 336-P1-70 (Quercus alba) from wall post in NE corner of earthlodge, mold diam 229mm, depth 811mm. 865 ± 55 WIS-699. Kuhl site (13ML136) AD 1085 g13C = -25.5% Sample 336-P1-70. Acid pretreatment only. 775 ± 55 WIS-698. Kuhl site (13ML136) AD 1175 13C = -25.67c0 Sample 336-B2-2 (Ulmus americana) from burned roof beam lying on floor of earthlodge, beam diam 76mm. University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates X111 127 1010 ± 55 WIS-729. Kuhl site (13ML138) AD 940 $13C = -10.9%0 Charred corn from Cache 6. 440 ±45 WIS-691. Kuhl site (13ML139) AD 1510 313G = -25.8% Sample 339-P6-8 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from post in SW corner of entryway of earthlodge, mold diam 140mm, depth 464mm. 850 ± 55 WIS-701. Kuhl site (13ML139) AD 1100 13 S C = -24.1% o Sample 339-P19-25 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from post in W wall of earthlodge, mold diam 152mm, depth 451mm. 835 ± 55 WIS-700. Kuhl site (13ML139) AD 1115 8130 = -25.3% Sample 339-P16-21 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from post in NW wall area of earthlodge, mold diam 152mm, depth 738mm. Glenwood series, Institution grounds (13ML132, 13ML135) Charcoal from 2 earthlodges of Nebraska aspect of Central Plains tradition, on terrace and on W face of loess ridge S of Glenwood state school overlooking Horse Creek E of Glenwood, Iowa (41 ° 01' 51" N, 950 43' 52" W, and 410 00' 49" N, 95 ° 43 49" W, respectively). Exca- vated 1971 by John Hotopp; subm by D A Baerreis. Samples id by Barbara Schulte, Ames, Iowa. 310 ± 60 WIS-708. Glenwood site (13ML132) AD 1640 313G = -25.4%0 Sample 326-35 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from wall post in N wall of earthlodge. 860 ± 55 WIS-709. Glenwood site (13ML132) AD 1090 8130 = -25.6%0 Sample 326-34 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from wall post in NE corner of earthlodge, mold diam 15.3cm. 360 ± 55 WIS-710. Glenwood site (13ML132) AD 1590 613C = -25.5%0 Sample 326-28 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from interior post N of hearth. Mold diam 15.2cm, 25.9cm deep. 1.28 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis 975 ± 60 WIS-717. Glenwood site (13ML135) AD 975 S13C = -28.4% Sample 335-P8-13 (Q,tercies alba) from roof timber in SW corner of earthlodge, timber diam 12.7cm. 910 ± 60 WIS-719. Glenwood site (13ML135) AD 1040 613C = -26.2%0 Sample 335-P23-25 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from post in W wall, post diam 7.6cm, 18cm deep. 860 ± 60 WIS-713. Glenwood site (13ML135) AD 1090 Sample 335-P19-22 (Ulmus rubra or Celtis occidentalis) from post in N wall, post diam 8.9cm, 27.5cm deep. 760 ± 60 WIS-733. Howard Goodhue site (13PK1) AD 1190 Charcoal from Howard Goodhue site, Polk Co, Iowa, Red Rock Archaeol Proj (41° 32' N, 93° 28' W). Coil 1965 by R D Gant; subm by D A Baerreis. Sample from Feature 3, subterranean storage pit with orifice 45.7cm below surface. Previous dates on charcoal from same coil packet dated as < 550 BP: GaK-879, and AD 1650 ± 200: SI-357. Clarkson site series (13WA2 ) Charcoal from Clarkson site in Warren Co, Iowa (41 ° 30' N, 93° 27' 30" W). Coil 1966 by D NI Gradwohl, Iowa State Univ, Ames; subm by D A Baerreis. Samples from 2 underground storage pits both of which contained diagnostic Oneota ceramics; Feature 9 also contained sand- stone abraders and an eyed bone needle. Wood charcoal id by Barbara Schulte, Iowa State Univ. 650 ± 55 WIS-738. Clarkson site (13WA2) AD 1300 Sample 3469, white ash, from. Feature 2, refuse pit, N 1064.8/W 106.1, 42.7 to 100.6cm deep. 660 ± 60 WIS-756. Clarkson site (13WA2) AD 1290 S 13 C = Sample 3354, red elm or hackberry, from Feature 2. 705 ± 50 WIS-731. Clarkson site (13WA2) AD 1245 Sample 4752, white oak, from Feature 9, refuse pit, N1067/W1068.9, 48.8 to 106.7cm deep. 765 ± 55 WIS-732. Clarkson site (13WA2) AD 1185 Sample 4753, ash, from Feature 9. University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XIII 129 Mohler Farm site (13MA30) Charcoal from Mohler Farm site, Oneota site, in Red Rock Reser- voir, Marion Co, Iowa (41° 27' N, 93° 11' W). Coil 1964 by D M Grad- wohl, subm by D A Baerreis. 930 ± 50 WIS-734. Mohler Farm site (13MA30) AD 1020 Samples 4045-4047, 4073, and 41.61 from Feature 5, subterranean storage pit, orifice .46m below surface. Assoc with shell-tempered ceramics decorated with trailed and punctated designs. Charcoal from this feature was dated at AD 960 + 80: GaK-698, and AD 1500 ± 200: SI-358. 740 ± 45 WIS-763. Mohler Farm site (13MA30) AD 1210 6C = -25.9% Sample 4377 from Feature 23, subterranean storage pit, orifice .43m below surface. Assoc with shell-tempered ceramics. Previous dates on charcoal from this feature were AD 690 ± 90: GaK-699, and AD 1680 ± 180: SI-359. 13,520 ± 135 WIS-712. Burkholder-Mether site (13HR402) 11,570 BC Spruce wood from Burkholder-Mether site, (Logan mastodon site) discovered during bridge construction on Willow R, Harrison Co, Iowa (41 ° 44' N, 95° 49' W). Coil April 1973 by Duane Anderson; subm by D A Baerreis. Wood assoc with lumbar vertebra, humerus, and pelvic fragments of mastodon. C. Kansas Coffey site (14P01) Charcoal from Coffey site, N end of Tuttle Creek Reservoir in Potta- watomie Co, Kansas (39° 44' N, 96° 34' W) excavated by A E Johnson, Univ Kansas, Lawrence, in 1970 to 1972. Site is stratified Archaic site with 5 levels of occupation separated by sterile alluvial deposits. Subm by D A Baerreis. 5155 ± 70 WIS-618. Coffey site (14P01) 3205 BC Charcoal from Zone A in NW portion of site. Zone A was an occupational level 5 to 15cm thick and 2.5m below surface. Basally notched Castroville-like projectile points were present; fauna primarily deer and waterfowl. 5170 ± 70 WIS-623. Coffey site (14P01) 3220 BC Charcoal from Zone A, N508 E500. 5240 ± 70 WIS-624. Coffey site (14P01) 3290 BC Charcoal from N4-5 E8-9, Zone B included a Bulverde-like point, a lanceolate side-notched dart point, and bison as predominant fauna. 130 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis

Zone B is layer 5 to 10cm thick, 2.75m below surface. Date, 3555 BC, UGa-382, has already been reported from this zone (O'Brien, 1973). 5125 ± 70 WIS-634. Coffey site (14P01) 3175 BC Charcoal from Zone B, N504 E502 and N508 E502. 5160 ± 70 WIS-628. Coffey site (14P01) 3210 BC Charcoal from N508 E501, Zone B. 5285 ± 70 WIS-629. Coffey site (14P01) 3335 BC Charcoal from Zone C, E9 N5. Zone is buried occupational layer 3 to 8cm thick, 2.95m below surface. Projectile points from this layer are lanceolate and resemble Nebo Hill points. Assoc fauna consisted of bison, fish, and deer. 5255 ± 70 WIS-636. Coffey site (14P01) 3305 BC Charcoal from Zone C, N510 E505. 6285 ± 145 WIS-715. Coffey site (14P01) 4335 BC Charcoal (Fraxinns sp) from old river terrace in level below zones, Feature 14, N511 E515. 5355 ± 70 WIS-711. Coffey site (14P01) 3405 BC Charcoal (Celtis sp and Carya sp) from river terrace, N507 E514, stratigraphically deeper than WIS-715 above. D. Missouri Mellor site (23CP1) Excavations at Mellor site at mouth of Lamine R, NW Cooper Co, Missouri (390 00' N, 92° 52' W) undertaken June 1972 by Marvin Kay, Univ Colorado-Boulder, subm by D A Baerreis. Site is representa- tive of Havana tradition in central Missouri. Samples, all from Unit A, were dated to establish chronologic controls for interpreting complex sequence of environmental and cultural data obtained from group of central Missouri Hopewell settlements. Dates agree with others on Central Missouri Hopewell sites. 1765 ± 50 WIS-696. Mellor site (23CP1) An 185 6130 = -26.22 Charcoal, Sample 133, from Trench 9:7C, hearth area containing early Havana tradition pottery and stone tools 33.5cm below surface. Hearth is within larger pit with matrix of ash and burned clay and is earliest stratigraphic component defined in Trench 9. University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates X III 131 1680 ± 45 WIS-703. Mellor site (23CP1) AD 270 from Sample 293, charred seeds including Juglans and Gory ins sp Trench 9:7D, within large pit 54.9cm below surface. 1720 ± 50 WIS-707. Mellor site (23CP1) AD 230 Sample 306, charred seeds of Juglans sp from 9:7C, ashy unconsoli- dated soil matrix surrounding hearth area at ca 38.1cm below surface. E. South Dakota King site (39LM55) Wood charcoal from site id as Modified Initial Middle Missouri N, 19.5' W). (Lehmer, 1971) in Lyman Co, South Dakota (43° 51.5' 99° by Coll Aug 1974 by A M Johnson, Univ Missouri-Columbia; subm D A Baerreis. 830±60 WIS-744. King site (39LM55) AD 1120 S13C = -27.1% Sample near rear wall of long rectangular house exposed by wave action. 855 ± 60 WIS-748. King site (39LM55) AD 1095 613G _ -25.6% Sample near rear wall of same house as above. Durkin site ( 39ST238 ) Wood charcoal from site id as Modified Initial Middle Missouri N, W). (Lehmer, 1971) in Stanley Co, South Dakota (44° 14.5' 99° 54.3' Coll 1966 by R E Jensen; subm by D A Baerreis. 640 ± 55 WIS-743. Durkin site (39ST238) AD 1310 6130 = -26.6% Sample 276 from floor of long rectangular house in Excavation Unit 6. 655 ± 60 WIS-746. Durkin site (39ST238) AD 1295 6130 = -27.9% Sample 120 from NE corner of floor of long rectangular house in Excavation Unit 5. Fay Tolton site (39ST11) Charcoal from Fay Tolton site, Stanley Co, South Dakota (44° 44' 50" N, 100° 41' 02" W). Coll July 1957 by D D Hartle, subm by W R Wood, Univ Missouri, Columbia. Site is apparently most N Initial Middle Missouri Village site along Missouri R (Lehmer, 1971). 132 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis 920 ± 60 WIS-728. Fay Tolton site (39ST11) AD 1030 Sample 176, Salix twigs from coiled basket, Feature 10, near rear of House 2. 885 ± 50 WIS-722. Fay Tolton site (39ST11) AD 1065 Sample 180, apparently Salix, from immediate vicinity of basket, Feature 10.

Ketchen site ( 39ST223 ) Charcoal from Modified Initial Middle Missouri (Lehmer, 1971) in Stanley Co, South Dakota (440 17.5' N, 100° 04' W). Coll by D T Jones; subm by D A Baerreis. 830 ± 60 WIS-759. Ketchen site (39ST223) AD 1120 Sample 126 from outer portion of Post 14 of long rectangular house, Feature 3, Excavation Unit 2. 725 ± 50 WIS-762. Ketchen site (39ST223) AD 1225 Outer rings from juniper wall post of long rectangular house, Sample 157B, Feature 17, Excavation Unit 16. F. Iisconsin 9405 ± 90 WIS-720. Hixton Quarry site (47JN21) 7455 BC Wood charcoal, fragments of Quercus alba and Pinus sp, from Hixton Quarry site rockshelter in Jackson Co, Wisconsin (44° 25' N, 90° 57' W) toll by D F Overstreet, Univ Wisconsin-Waukesha; subm by D A Baerreis. Samples from Level 11, 1.1m and Level 13, 1.3 m below surface, were assoc with large amounts of crude debitage suggestive of quarrying activity. Sample had been sealed off above Level 11 by large rock slab, probably from roof fall. Richter site Wood charcoal from Richter site, Washington I., Door Co, Wis- consin (45° 21' 10" N, 86° 56' 00" \'V). Coil Aug 1973 by G R Peters, Univ Wisconsin-Milwaukee; subm by D A Baerreis. Site is single component site of a North Bay culture, defined by Mason (1967, 1969) as N Middle Woodland complex. Date, AD 160 (1-888) was reported from Porte des Morts site, multi-component eroding dune site on Door Co, by Mason (1967, 1969). 765 ± 50 WIS-721. Richter site (47DA73) AD 1185 Sample from Feature 63, garbage pit 43cm below surface, beneath sheet midden which contained lithic, ceramic, faunal and floral refuse. University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XIII 133 2470 ± 65 520 BC WIS-725. Richter site (47DA73) 55cm from Sample from floor of House II, basin shaped pit house, surface, 30cm below plow zone.

Rosenbaum rockshelter (47DA411) in Dane Charcoal from Rosenbaum rockshelter, Late Woodland site and subm by Co, Wisconsin (43° 02' 32" N, 89° 47' 30" W). Coil 1974 small, treated B Stoltman, Univ Wisconsin-Madison. Samples were j acceptable, though with acid only. Comment (JBS): dates are wholly assumed con- slightly younger than originally anticipated. They were with major period of occupancy at Aztalan, ca Al) 1100-1250. temporary at Taken at face value, dates suggest that Late Woodland elements that, in pure Aztalan represent an indigenous tradition in S Wisconsin form, slightly predates intrusive Mississippian component. 940 ± 55 WIS-749. Rosenbaum rockshelter (47DA411) AID 1010 4, E3, Level Sample from Feature 2, Sq D3, Levels 2, 3, 4, D4, Level Aztalan Collared 3, and E4, Level 3. Assoc with ceramic vessel of type plus 4 small triangular projectile points. 950 ± 50 WIS-760. Rosenbaum rockshelter (47DA411) AD 1000 4, Level 2. Sample from Feature 2, Square D4, Levels 3 and E3, 7470 ± 90 WIS-222. Sanders site I (47WP26) 5520 BC Charcoal samples at Sanders site I, Effigy Mound site in Waupaca M Hurley, Univ Co, Wisconsin (44° 16' N, 88° 51' W). Coil 1966 by W Toronto; subm by D A Baerreis. Date inadvertently omitted from earlier 162-163). Date is clearly too early for house pub on site (R, 1968, v 10, p with which it is assoc (Hurley, 1975, p 326).

G. Venezuela Punto Fijo site 58' N, Excavations at Punto Fijo, State of Barinas, Venezuela (7° Jan 1973; 69° 35' W) dir by Alberta Zucchi, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela, small pre- subm by W M Denevan, Univ Wisconsin-Madison. Site is Columbian village on N bank of Apure R in general region of relic, large, raised agricultural fields. Originally site seems to have been quite but, because of erosive action of river, only small portion of it remains. farm. Dates General area is covered by gallery forest, site is occupied by Assoc are related to penetration of Arauquinoid people into W Llanos. of central ceramics belong to various phases of Arauquinoid series Orinoco region (Denevan and Zucchi, 1975). 134 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis 2530 ± 50 WIS-705. Punto Fijo site 580 BC Charcoal from 25 to 50cm level. Date is inconsistent with others from site. 1065 } 55 WIS-764. Punto Fijo site AD 885 8130 = -27.5% Charcoal from 25 to 50cm level. 1095 ± 55 WIS-706. Punto Fijo site AD 855 Charcoal from 50 to 75cm level.

II. GEOLOGIC SAMPLES A. New York 12,545 ± 115 WIS-727. Belmont Bog 10,595 BC Organic clay from Belmont bog, 6.44km E of Belmont, New York (42° 15' N, 77° 58' W) coll 1974 by R W Spear; subm by N C Miller and R W Spear, Univ North Carolina. Sample from 4.70 to 4.75m below water surface at bog on Olean drift. Pollen profile including analysis of 2.4m of inorganic sediment below depth of material dated is in preparation. B. Utah 7385 ± 80 WIS-742. Cedar Mesa site 5435 BC Charcoal recovered from soil sample from layer 4 to 4.5m deep in 5m+ column removed from arroyo wall in Kane Wash, Cedar Mesa, W San Juan Co, Utah (37° 31' N, 109° 56' W). Molluscan, palynologic, and geologic study of core should aid in analysis of post-Pleistocene climatic history of Cedar Mesa. Coll 1973 and subm by P H Salkin, Univ Wisconsin-Madison.

C. Fisconsin Kickapoo River System Previous dates from paleohydrologic study of upper Kickapoo River system were reported (R, 1975, v 17, p 132-133). Sites include Brush Creek, Spring Valley Creek, Kickapoo R, Morris Creek, Cold Spring Valley Creek, Weister Creek, and Warner Creek. Study is concerned with dating material buried at contact between gravel unit and overlying finer sediments, common stratigraphic occurrence in Driftless Area of SW Wisconsin (Knox and Johnson, 1974). Samples seem to date Holo- cene climate fluctuation and alluvial episodes of floodplains and to be correlated with environmental changes related to climatic shifts. All samples id by R Miller, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, Wisconsin; coil 1974 by W C Johnson; subm by W C Johnson and C Knox, Univ Wisconsin-Madison. J University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XIII 135 Kickapoo River site Wood samples excavated from Kickapoo R channel in Monroe Co, Wisconsin (43° 49' N, 90° 31' W and 43° 50' N, 900 29' W) and Vernon Co, Wisconsin (43° 40' N, 90° 36' W). 3600 ± 60 WIS-745. Kickapoo River site 1650 BC $13C = -27.80 Pines strobus 175cm deep at contact between gravel unit and overlying finer sediments in Monroe Co channel. 5455 ± 70 WIS-752. Kickapoo River site 3505 BC S13C = -27.6% Acer saccharinum or A negundo, 265cm deep, from base of left bank in stream channel. Log was at base of gleyed sandy loam unit, overlying gravel. Dates meander migration at head of sixth-order channel, network position where 2 fifth-order channels converge. 2140 ± 60 WIS-754. Kickapoo River site 190 BC 61UG = -28.2% Ulmus thomasii, ca 275cm deep, in middle of sandy loam unit, left bank of stream channel, Vernon Co. 1955 ± 60 WIS-761. Kickapoo River site 5 BC 13C = -25.5 Tsuga canadensis, 310cm deep, near base of gleyed sandy loam unit, 40cm above gravel, same site as above. Brush Creek Three wood samples were excavated at various localities on Brush Creek, Vernon Co (43° 43' N, 90° 36' W) and Monroe Co (43° 44' N, 90° 40' W for WIS-757 and 90° 41' W for WIS-767). 5735 ± 70 WIS-758. Brush Creek site 3785 BC 1 JC = -27.8% Acer sp from Vernon Co, from log buried at gravel/fine sediment contact. 2940 ± 60 WIS-757. Brush Creek site 990 BC 613C = -28.7% Alnus sp, log buried at gravel/fine sediment contact. 2445 ± 60 WIS-767. Brush Creek site 495 BC 613C = -28.6% Wood from log in sandy loam unit 145cm from top of right-bank stream exposure. Two dates from this exposure were reported earlier, 136 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis

WIS-678: 2715 BP, 185 to 200cm deep, and WIS-674: 5055 BP, 225 to 260cm deep (R,1975, v 17, p 133). 1895 ± 50 WIS-768. Spring Valley Creek site AD 55 6130 = -26.4% Quercus sp from base of right bank overlying gravel zone of Spring Valley Creek, Monroe Co (43° 48' N, 90° 36' W). Morris Creek site Samples from Morris Creek, Monroe Co, Wisconsin (430 46' N, 90° 35' W). 2305 ± 60 WIS-755. Morris Creek site 355 BC S' C = -27.5% Bark (Prunus sp), 250cm deep, from sandy loam unit overlying gravel. 2595 ± 60 WIS-765. Morris Creek site 645 BC b13G = -28.8% Ulmus americana, 227 to 250cm deep, from sandy loam containing organic-rich layers, left bank of stream channel. 2525 ± 55 WIS-73. Morris Creek site 575 BC Ulmus americana, 300cm deep, deposited upon gravel unit, left bank of stream channel. 1190 ± 55 WIS-769. Weister Creek AD 760 81jC=-27.4%

Ulmus rubra in gleyed sandy zone 100cm deep, 5 to 10cm above gravel horizon in base of right bank of Weister Creek, Vernon Co, Wisconsin (43° 39' N, 90° 42' W). Coll June 1974 and subm by W C Johnson.

1920 ± 60 WIS-747. Cold Spring Valley Creek site AB 30 Sample from log (Quercus sp) overlying gravel surface at base of exposure in right bank of Cold Spring Valley Creek, Monroe Co, Wis- consin (43° 52' N, 90° 28' W). Warner Creek site Samples excavated from right bank of Warner Creek, Vernon Co, Wisconsin (43° 39' N, 90° 35' W). University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XIII 137 905 ± 60 WIS-751. Warner Creek site AD 1045 613C _ -26.3% Bark (Pinus strobus), 165cm deep, from middle of peaty unit overlying gravel. 850 ± 55 WIS-766. Warner Creek site AD 1100 6130 = -30.2% bank; log overlay gravel Log (A inns sp), 6.5cm diam, from base of 190cm deep. Hub City Bog site 3m core from meander cut-off which dates from late glacial/early City, postglacial period of increased runoff (bury, 1964). Site N of Hub has Richland Co, Wisconsin (43° 25' N, 90° 21' W). Recovered core peat 2.5m over marl .35m which grades downward into silt and fine Drif tless Area of Wis- sand. Core is 1 of 3 in NW/SE transect through consin and will be used in reconstruction of Drif tless Area Holocene environments. Coll 1973 and subm by A M Davis, Univ Wisconsin- Madison. 1675 ± 55 WIS-723. Hub City Bog site AD 275 Sample from 63 to 68cm layer. High pine and oak percentages, large arboreal pollen (AP), small non-arboreal pollen (NAP) components. 7605 ± 80 WIS-741. Hub City Bog site 5655 BC Sample from 154 to 158cm layer. Pollen spectrum has large AP, small NAP components; pine dominant. Acid treatment only. 8285 ± 80 WIS-750. Hub City Bog site 6335 BC Sample from 198 to 203cm layer. Large AP, small NAP components, significant elm. Acid treatment only. 8565 ± 85 WIS-730. Hub City Bog site 6615 BC Sample from 245 to 250cm layer. Tamarack Creek site Gore, 3.55m, from peat bog on Tamarack Creek upstream from Late Wisconsin (probably Cary) age terrace backfilled from Mississippi R in Trempealeau Co, Wisconsin (44° 09' N, 91° 27' W). Peat, 2.87m, sand. overlay marl .65m which graded downward into silt and fine Pollen spectra and other stratigraphic data will be used in reconstruction of Holocene environments in Driftless Area. Coll 1973 and subm by A M Davis. 138 Margaret M Bender, Reid A Bryson and David A Baerreis 1190 ± 60 WIS-735. Tamarack Creek site AD 760 Partially humified peat from 78 to 82cm layer of core. High pine percentage in pollen spectrum, AP component high. 2710 ± 60 WIS-736. Tamarack Creek site 760 BC Partially humified peat from 158 to 162cm layer. Acid treatment only. Pollen spectrum has high pine percentage and large AP element. 3355 ± 60 WIS-739. Tamarack Creek site 1405 BC Partially humified peat from 190 to 194cm layer. Acid treatment only. Pollen spectrum has oak percentage; AP component dominant. 4410 ± 65 WIS-737. Tamarack Creek site 2460 BC Partially humified peat from 282 to 286cm layer. Acid treatment only. This sample contains deepest material possible to date. Pollen spectrum has high pine percentage and prominent NAP element. 10,735 ± 105 WIS-740. Hansen Marsh 8785 BC 6130 = -35.1%0 Sedge peat, 88 to 95cm layer of 8m core from bog close to Late Woodfordian ice margin in Sauk Co, Wisconsin (43° 26' N, 89° 40' W). Peat, 1.53m, overlies brown clay and silt which grades into blue clay and clay/silt varves over outwash (Bachuber, 1966). Coll May 1974 by A M Davis, W C Johnson, and L J Maher; subm by A M Davis. Sample corresponds with Picea decline in pollen spectra. 9065 ± 90 WIS-704. Jefferson site 7115 BC Rib of mammoth (Elephas primigenius) removed from clay sediment of old glacial lake during drag-line operation, June 1972, Jefferson Co, Wisconsin (43° 01' 20" N, 88° 45' 45" W). Coll and subm by J E Dall- man, Univ Wisconsin-Madison.

REFERENCES Bachuber, F W, 1966, Pollen analysis from Hansen Marsh, an upland site, south- central Wisconsin: unpub MS thesis, Univ Wisconsin-Madison. Bender, M M, Bryson, R A, and Baerreis, D A, 1968, University of Wisconsin radiocarbon dates IV: Radiocarbon, v 10, p 161-168. 1975, University of Wisconsin radiocarbon dates XII: Radiocarbon, v 17, p 121-134. Craig, Harmon, 1961, Mass-spectrometer analyses of radiocarbon standards: Radio- carbon, v 3, p 1-3. Denevan, W and Zucchi, A, 1975, Ridged-field excavations in the Central Orinoco Llanos, Venezuela, in: Tax, Sol (ed) World Anthropol, Chicago (in press). Dury, G H, 1964, Subsurface exploration and chronology of underfit streams: Geol Survey Prof Paper 452-B, p Bl-B56. University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Dates XIII 139 Hurley, W M, 1975, An analysis of Effigy Mound complexes in Wisconsin: Anthropol Papers, Mus Anthropol, Univ Michigan no. 59, Ann Arbor, 414 p. the Drift- Knox, J C and Johnson, W C, 1974, Late Quaternary valley alluviation in less Area of southwestern Wisconsin, in: Knox, J C and Mickelson, D M (eds), Late Quaternary environments of Wisconsin, Am Quaternary Assoc, 3rd biennial mtg, Madison, July 28-August 2, p 134-162. Park Lehmer, D J, 1971, Introduction to Middle Missouri archaeology: National Service, Anthropol Papers no. 1. site, Door Mason, R J, 1967, The North Bay component of the Porte des Mortes County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Archaeologist (ns), v 48, p 267-345. 1969, Laurel and North Bay: diffusional networks in the upper Great Lakes: Am Antiquity, v 34, p 295-302. O'Brien, P J et al, 1973, A most preliminary report of the Coffey site, 14PO1; a Plains Archaic site in Pottawatomi County: Kansas Anthropol Assoc, Newsletter, v 18, no. 5, p 1-38. [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 1$, O. 1, 1976, P. 140-149] WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY NATURAL RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS II J C SHEPPARD and R M CHATTERS Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163 This list of radiocarbon age measurements is for the period 1972- 1974. Most of the samples are of archaeologic interest. The pretreat- ments of samples used are basically those described by Ralph and Michael (1971). All samples were converted to methane using the method developed by Fairhall, Schell, and Takashima (1961) and counted in .5L counting tubes at 2 to 4atm of pressure. The WSU Radiocarbon Laboratory has been relocated to the basement of Dana Hall (three stories) and additional shielding has been added. The backgrounds of the counting tubes are .90 counts,/min and have an atmospheric pressure dependence of -.035 counts/min/cm Hg. All ages were calculated using a '4C half-life of 5568 years and NBS oxalic acid as contemporary reference material. Nineteenth century oak obtained from E Ralph was used as a secondary standard. The standard deviations reported represent counting errors of the sample, oxalate standard, and backgrounds. Corrections for isotopic fractionation or long-term variations of the 14C production rate (Damon et al, 1972) were not made. Samples WSU-1259-1328 were processed under the direction of R M Chatters, who retired in 1972. The remainder were processed under the direction of J C Sheppard. Samples were processed by Y Welter. M A Gass prepared much of the manuscript. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS I. ARCHAEOLOGIC SAMPLES Wasden site series, Idaho The Wasden site is a large, loess-filled volcanic blister 29km W of Idaho Falls, Idaho, at the foot of Kettle Butte (43° N, 112° 23' W) and contains a long sequence of faunal and cultural remains (Butler, 1972). Fragments of elephant (genus and species unkown) bone were recovered between 4.8 and 5.3m (bedrock) below surface of fill. The upper elephant bone material consisted of naturally weathered neural arch fragments, while that resting on the bedrock floor of the cave consisted mainly of a scapula lacking the articular end and of cracked, broken, partially roasted and charred long bones. WSU-1259. Owl Cave, Snake River Plain, 12,250 ± 200 Idaho 10,300 BC Neural arch fragments from ca 5cm below surface of fill. Coll 1971 by members of the Upper Snake River Prehistoric Soc, Inc; subm 1971 by B R Butler, Idaho State Univ Mus, Pocatello, Idaho.

140 141 J C Sheppard and R M Chatters 12,850 ± 150 WSU-1281. Owl Cave, Idaho 10,900 BC Charred long bone resting on bedrock 5.25cm below surface. Coil Soc, Inc; 1971 by B R Butler and members of the Upper Snake River subm 1971 by B R Butler. Redfish Lake Overhang series, Idaho Redfish Lake Overhang is located N of Little Redfish Lake, Custer Co, Idaho (44° 10' N, 114° 54' W). 9860 ± 180 WSU-1395. Redfish Lake, Idaho 7910 BC Charcoal sample from hearth 95 to 100cm below surface and at interface of sandy loam and hard-packed layer. Sample was from a (tentatively id cache of 9 point blanks, 1 semi-finished projectile point as "Haskett-Lake Mojave") and 3 scrapers. Coil 1972 by K Sargeant; subm 1972 by K Sargeant and B R Butler. 10,500 ± 180 WSU-1396. Redfish Lake, Idaho 8550 BC Charcoal from a possible fireplace, 80 to 105 cm below surface, and at extreme rear of cave. Sample was enclosed in coarse sandy loam mixed with cobbles and boulders redeposited from a glacial moraine. Coil 1972 by K Sargeant; subm 1972 by K Sargeant and B R Butler. 8060 ± 190 WSU-1397. Redfish Lake, Idaho 6110 BC Charcoal from organic stratum 69 to 77cm below surface and 170cm N and 130cm W of WSU-1396. Coll 1972 by M Dahlstrom; subm 1972 by K Sargeant and B R Butler. 670 ± 130 WSU-1410. Redfish Lake, Idaho AD 1280 Charcoal from coarse sandy stratum underlying glacial till near WSU-1397 and 120cm below surface of WSU-1395. Coil and subm 1972 by K Sargeant and B R Butler. 21,500 ± 700 WSU-1423. American Falls Reservoir, Idaho 19,550 BC Bone from Bronco Jim Point, Pierce Co, Idaho (42° 56' N, 112° 41' W), from sand and gravel layer 1.5 to 1.8m below surface. Fauna from this layer includes horse, camel, bison, ground sloth, mammoth, bear, dire wolf, and saber-tooth cat. Coll 1973 by H Emry; subm 1973 by B R Butler. 31,300 ± 2300 WSU-1424. American Falls Reservoir, Idaho 29,350 BC Bone fragments from Rainbow Beach, Power Co, Idaho (42° 53' N, 112° 43' W), from sand and gravel layer 1.5 to 1.8m below surface. Fauna from this layer includes horse, camel, bison, ground sloth, mammoth, bear, dire wolf, and saber-tooth cat. Coll 1973 by G McDonald; subm 1973 by B R Butler. 142 J C Sheppard and R M Chatters 450 ± 80 WSU-1441. Blackfoot Reservoir, Idaho AD 1500 Charcoal from campsite, Feature 3, Site 10-BM-50 (Poison Creek), on a tributary of Blackfoot R (1110 40' N, 430 0' W). Coil and subm 1973 by B R Butler. Comment (BRB): sample coil during 1973 test excavations of Blackfoot Reservoir Project and came from hearth of well-defined pottery-bearing occupation that should date between AD 1450 and AD 1750, ie, after appearance of pottery in region but prior to introduction of the horse. 1170 ± 170 WSU-1323. Kamiah, Idaho AD 780 Charcoal from hearth 50 to 60cm below surface 14.5km downriver from Kamiah. Dates upper limit for assoc with Cascade and Side-Notched points. Coil 1970 by V Platt; subm 1972 by Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, Idaho. 4710 ± 180 WSU-1324. Kamiah, Idaho 2760 BC Charcoal from same trench as WSU-1323, 140 to 160cm below surface. Dates lower limit for assoc of Cascade and Side-Notched points. Coil 1970 by V Platt; subm 1972 by Idaho State Univ. 3770 ± 170 WSU-1277. North Fork Clearwater River, Idaho 1820 BC Charcoal from basal gravel of lower terrace of Big I., North Fork Clearwater R, Clearwater Co (46° 38' N, 116° W). Coil 1971 by D Corliss; subm 1971 by E Swanson, Idaho State Univ Mus, Pocatello, Idaho. 2120 ± 165 WSU-1278. North Fork Clearwater River, Idaho 170 BC Charcoal, 40cm below surface of Big I. site, upper terrace. Coil 1971 by D Corliss; subm 1971 by E Swanson. 1250 ± 120 WSU-1305. North Fork Clearwater River, Idaho AD 700 Charcoal, 40 to 50cm below surface of Big I. site, middle terrace. Sample with cobble tools. Coil 1971 by D Corliss; subm 1972 by E Swanson. 640 ± 140 WSU-1302. Lenore site, Idaho AD 1310 Charcoal from site .65km W of Lenore, Nez Perce Co, Idaho (46° 31' N, 116° 35' W). Sample was 246cm below surface, in House D, assoc with fire-cracked rubble. Coil 1971 by R Warner; subm by E Swanson. 1310 ± 140 WSU-1303. Lenore site, Idaho AD 640 Charcoal taken from site .65km W of Lenore, Nez Perce Co (46° 31' N, 116° 35' W). Sample was from uppermost fireplace in Floor I, House J. Coil 1967 by D Morse; subm 1971 by E Swanson. Washington State University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II 143 7960 ± 120 WSU-1408B. Antelope Overhang, Oregon 6010 BC Pieces of twisted fiber from inner bark of an unknown tree or shrub used in construction of prehistoric sandals at a large overhang on Antelope Creek, tributary of S Fork of the Owyhee R, Malheur Co, of Oregon, 56.4km S SW of Jordan Valley. Sample assoc with a sandal the same material underlying what appeared to be modern horse or cattle dung. Coil and subm 1969 by B R Butler. This sample dates cordage from the Antelope Overhang analyzed and described by Adavasio (1970). 940 ± 150 WSU-1326. Hells Canyon, Oregon AD 1010 Bones of Ovis canadensis and Odocoilens hemious from Hells Can- yon Creek rockshelter, 56.4km SE of Enterprise, Wallowa Co (45° 15' N, 116° 40' W). Sample dates rockfall believed to be of Gannett Peak stage (Richmond, 1965). Coil 1967 by J Bross and F Turner; subm 1972 by M G Pavesic, Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, Idaho. 590 ± 110 WSU-1327. Hells Canyon, Oregon AD 1360 Charcoal, 96cm below surface of Hells Canyon Creek rockshelter. Coil 1967 by S Troutman and C Sims; subm 1972 by M G Pavesic. 1240 ± 140 WSU-1328. Hells Canyon, Oregon AD 710 Bones of Ovis canadensis and Odocoilens hemious from Hells Canyon Creek rockshelter, 175cm below surface. Coil 1967 by J Gross and J Todd; subm 1972 by M G Pavesic. 8600 ± 65 WSU-1422. Lind Coulee, Washington 6650 BC Humus from Slot Trench 7 to 9'cm below datum of Lind Coulee site, 45-GR-97 (46° 09' N, 119° 00' W). Date represents an "apparent mean residence time" of carbon in this soil layer (Scharpenseel, 1972). Coil and subm 1972 by R Fryxell. Asotin series, Washington Charcoal excavated from sites in Asotin Co, Washington (46° N, 117° W). Coll and subm 1973 by F C Leonhardy, Anthropol Dept, Washington State Univ, Pullman, Washington. 1480 ± 80 WSU-1437. Asotin, Washington AD 470 Sample 73L2 was charcoal presumably assoc with fill in House 3 at Site 45AS82, Asotin Co. Cultural material from house was same as that dated by WSU-1438; estimated date: 4000 to 5000 yr BP. Area was badly disturbed both in historic and prehistoric times. Charcoal was found adjacent to an intrusive pit. Sample age indicates it was assoc with a prehistoric intrusion and not with House 3. 144 J C Sheppard and R M Chatters 4060 ± 130 WSU-1438. Asotin, Washington 2110 BC Sample 73L1 was charcoal from a geologic stratum designated inform- ally "The Calcareous Sand" at Site 45AS82, Asotin Co. Based on geologic position and known age of underlying geologic strata and cultural materials, estimated age: between 4000 and 5000 yr BP. Sample provides a single date for an archaeologic assemblage not previously recognized as distinctive in Lower Snake River culture sequence (Leonhardy and Rice, 1970). Material probably represents a culture ancestral to that of the Tucannon phase, with a minimum initial date of 3000 BP and a terminal date of 2500 BP. Date of WSU-1438 is consistent with estimates based on both regional geologic sequence and regional cultural sequence. 1410 ± 80 WSU-1439. Asotin, Washington AD 540 Sample 73L3 was charcoal from upper floor of House 2, Site 45AS82, Asotin Co. Estimated date: 2000 BP. 1330 ± 110 WSU-1440. Asotin, Washington AD 620 Sample 73L4 was charcoal (burned grass and annual herbs) from lower floor of House 1, Site 45AS80, Asotin Co. Estimated date 2000 BP. Comment (FCL): WSU-1439 and -1440 date 2 different houses containing identical cultural materials. Dates confirm approx contemporaneity of houses and are somewhat later than estimated. 2750 ± 90 WSU-1443. Sekiu, Washington 800 BC Wood from Sq II, Level II, Site 45-CA-213, Sekiu, Clallam Co (48° 17' N, 124° 21' W). Coil 1973 and subm 1974 by D Croes and R Daugherty, Anthropol Dept, Washington State Univ, Pullman, Wash. 2210 ± 70 WSU-1442. Sekiu, Washington 260 BC Wooden fishhook from Sq I, Level III, Site 45-CA-213, 2.42km W of Sekiu, Clallam Co (48° 17' N, 124° 21' W). Coil 1973 and subm 1974 by D Croes and R Daugherty. 8450 ± 150 WSU-1318. Putu site, Alaska 6500 BC Charcoal from Putu site, Sagavanirktok Valley, Brooks Range, Alaska (68° 21' N, 148° 50' W). Sample .5m below surface, S 7.3m, W .6m from datum. The Putu site appears to be a single-component, short-term occupation. Artifacts from site include 4 fragments of fluted points, burins, blades, blade cores, large bi-faces, end-scraper on a blade, and utilized flakes. Occupation zone rests directly on glacial gravels covered by .3 to .6m light brown soil. Coil 1970; subm 1972 by H L Alexander, Simon Fraser Univ, British Columbia. Washington State University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II 145 2960 ± 60 WSU-1420. Kettle Falls, Washington 1010 BC Carbon from Stratum 5, Site 45-FE-45, Kettle Falls I., Columbia R near Kettle Falls, Washington (48° 07' N, 118° 07' W). Sample from between 1 and 1.30m below surface of midden. Site has been flooded by Lake Roosevelt since 1940. Coll 1972 and subm 1973 by D Chance and D Rice, Univ Idaho, Dept Anthropol, Moscow, Idaho. 1860 ± 60 WSU-1421. Hanford, Washington AD 90 Shell (Margaritifera) from base of Stratum 3B at archeol Site 45- BN-179 on S bank of Columbia R, USAEC Reservation, Hanford (46° 39' N, 119° 47' W). Sample from midden at an alt 98.3 to 98.2m, grid coordinates 39-41 N, 74-76 E. Coil and subm 1973 by D Rice. WSU-1456. Richland, Washington Modern, pre-bomb Charcoal and carbonized wood, from Site 45-BN-161, Sq V-19, Level II, 1.5 to 1.7m below datum, at Columbia Park I., Richland (46° 38' N, 119° 45' W). Coil 1969; subm 1974 by D Rice. 450 ± 60 WSU-1457. Pasco, Washington AD 1500 Charcoal from a burned house plank from Site 45-FR-101, Sq U-33-S, Level 4, .5m below datum, at Chiawana Park, Pasco (46° 38' N, 119° 45' W). Coil 1967 by Brooks; subm 1974 by D Rice. 210±60 WSU-1458. Umatilla, Oregon AD 1740 Charcoal from Site 35-UM-35C/X-656-66, Sq 6F, 18-19, Level 10, 1.3 to 1.5m below datum, Umatilla (45° 53' N, 119° 20' W). Coil 1974 by V Eaton; subm 1974 by D Rice. 8630 ± 195 WSU-1431. Last Supper Cave, Nevada 6680 BC Shell from basal shell and stratum at Last Supper Cave, Site 26- Hu-102, Humbolt Co, Nevada. Coil and subm 1973 by T N Layton, Nevada State Mus, Carson City, Nevada. 860 ± 100 WSU-1454. Gearhart, Oregon AD 1090 Charcoal from firepit .75m below surface of Site 35-CLT-8, on E side of sand dune ca 1.21km from Pacific Ocean, Gearhart (46° 03' 16" N, 123° 54' 53" W). The site, left by Clatsop Indians (Lower Chinook), is composed of alternating layers of razor clam shells and sand. Coil 1973; subm 1974 by F Hasle, Clatsop Comm Coil, Astoria, Oregon. 730 ± 110 WSU-1455. Gearhart, Oregon AD 1220 Charcoal from firepit 1.95m below surface of Site 35-CLT-8. Coil 1974 by Shrakey, Sanford, Lotterer, and Gillette; subm 1974 by F Hasle.. 146 J C Sheppard and R M Chatters II. SEDIMENT SAMPLES 710 ± 80 WSU-1429. Blue Lake, Idaho AD 1240 Charcoal, twigs, and wood fragments separated from gyttja at sediment depth 1.43 to 1.48m of Blue Lake, Nez Perce Co, Idaho (46° 13' N, 116° 51' W). Coll and subm 1973 by P J Mehringer and K L Petersen, Washington State Univ Anthropol Dept, Pullman, Wash. 1340 ± 80 WSU-1430. Blue Lake, Idaho AD 610 Charcoal, twigs, wood fragments and gyttja at sediment depth 2.42 to 2.47m of Blue Lake, Nez Perce, Idaho (46° 13' N, 116° 51' W). Coil K L and subm 1973 by P 1 Mehringer and Petersen. Wildcat Lake series, Washington Whole sediment core samples, primarily algal gyttja, from Wildcat Lake, Whitman Co, Washington (46° 44' N, 118° 10' W). Dates were used to confirm tephra chronology of Mt St Helens (Crandall and Mulli- neaux, 1973) and Mt Mazama (Kittelman, 1973) eruptions and for fossil pollen studies. Coll 1972 by P J Mehringer and K L Petersen; subm by P J Mehringer. General Comment: 1445 SI and SII provide an upper limit radiocarbon age estimate for Mt St Helens "W" tephra layer at 1.50m. 1451 S and H provide an upper limit radiocarbon age for Mt St Helens "Y" tephra layer at 9m. WSU-1452 S is above a Mt Mazama tephra layer.

Sample Material Depth

WSU-1445 SI Sediment 1.58-1.68m 100 AD 1560 WSU-1445 SII Sediment 1.58-1.68m 60 AD 1550 WSU-1448 S Sediment 3.21-3.29m 100 AD 1050 WSU-1449 S Sediment 4.76-4.84m 100 AD 810 WSU-1446 Sediment 5.92-5.99m 100 AD 150 WSU-1450 S Sediment 7.61-7.69m 100 350 BC WSU-1451 H Humic acid 9.41-9.45m 90 1740 BC WSU-1451 S Sediment 9.41-9.45m 90 2230 BC WSU-1452 S Sediment 11.25-11.34m 130 3430 BC Washington State University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements 11 147 Little Lake series, California Whole sediment core samples of Chara ooze or peat from Little Lake, California (36° 57' N, 117° 54' W) to provide a chronology for fossil pollen and sediment studies. Coil 1974 by P J Mehringer and E L Davis; subm 1974 by P J Mehringer.

Sample Material Depth Modern WSU-1460 Chara sp 63.4 2.1 WSU-1473 Potamogeton sp 68.7 1.8 WSU-1461 Chara ooze 1.26-1.34m 0.6 WSU-1490 Carbonate 1.26-1.34m 0.6 WSU-1462 Chara ooze 3.58-3.48m 1.0 WSU-1462H Humic acid 3.58-3.48m 1.0 WSU-1465 Chara ooze 5.00-5.1 lm 1.1 WSU-1474 Peat 5.91-6.Olm 120 1070 BC WSU-1466 Peat 7.96-8.06m 120 1970 BC WSU-1463 Chara ooze 8.40-8.50m 0.6 WSU-1464 Peat 11.30-11.37m 140 3110 BC WSU-1464H Humic acid 11.30-11.37m 140 3050 BC

14C General Comment: (JCS & PJM): ages for modern Potamogeton and Chara grown in Little Lake and the lake sediment derived from these aquatic plants were anomalously old. 14C ages of peat samples are reasonable. Results are very similar to those observed by Deevey et al (1954) and can be explained on the basis that Chara and Potamogeton metabolized "old" HCO3-, while emergent aquatics (Typha and Scirpus), which produced the peat, metabolized atmospheric CO2. Calculations, based on peat data and assumption of a constant sedimentary deposition rate, indicate that the HC03- metabolized by the Chara and Potamo- geton was initially 50% "old" carbon, suggesting reaction: H14C03- CaCO3 + 14CO2 + H2O = Ca2+ + HCO3 + is important. Mixing of "old" spring water with atmospheric CO2 cannot be excluded. Analysis of 14C content of the spring water, which feeds Little Lake, should clarify the situation. III. WATER SAMPLES 52.0 ± 1.0% WSU-1432. Giant Springs Modern Water (BaCO3) Sample 1 from spring near Missouri R at Great Falls, Madison I., Montana (47 ° 31' N, 111 ° 15' W). Coil and subm 1973 by G Grimestad, Missoula, Montana. 148 ,J C Sheppard and R M Chatters 66.3 ± 2.6% WSU-1433. General Mills Well Modern Water (BaCO3) Sample 2 from domestic well, Madison I. (47° 25' N, 111° 09' W). Coil and subm 1973 by G Grimestad. 42.6 ± 1.1% WSU-1435. J Bryant Well Modern Water (BaCO3) Sample 4 from domestic well, Madison I. (47° 30' N, 111° 16' W). Coil and subm 1973 by G Grimestad. 54.1 ± 1.5% WSU-1436. Giant Springs Modern Water (BaCO3) Sample 5. duplicate of WSU-1432, from spring near Missouri R in Great Falls, Madison I., Montana (47° 31' N, 111° 15' W). Coil and subm 1973 by G Grimestad.

IV. MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLES 29,200 ± 2000 WSU-1428. Prudhoe Bay, Alaska 27,250 BC Tamarack wood fragment from British Petroleum oil well at ca 122m level, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (70° 30' N, 148° 30' W). Specimen represents underside of a branch, evidenced by compression wood, which is characteristic of branches and strongly leaning trees. Subm 1973 by F R Johnson, State Forester's Office, Alaska Dept Nat Resources, Anchorage, Alaska. 25,500 ± 1000 WSU-1426. Prudhoe Bay, Alaska 23,550 BC Tamarack wood fragment from British Petroleum oil well at ca 122m level, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (70° 30' N, 148° 30' W). Sample appears to be part of bole near ground line. Subm 1973 by F R Johnson. 2300 ± 120 WSU-1453. Chewelah, Washington 350 BC Log (Pinus Ponderosa) underlying bison skull excavated from bog at Chewelah, Washington (48° 15' N, 117° 45' W). Coil and subm 1973 by C Gustafson, Anthropol Dept, Washington State Univ, Pullman, Wash.

RI?FER1 cI?s Adavasio, J M, 1970, The origin, development and distribution of Western archaic textiles: Tebiwa, v 12, no. 2, p 1-40. Butler, B R, 1962, Contributions to the Prehistory of the Columbia Plateau: Idaho State Univ Mus occas papers, no. 9, Pocatello; and A Guide to Understanding Idaho Archaeology, 1968, 2nd ed, Idaho State Univ Mus, spec pub, Pocatello. 1972, The Holocene in the Desert West and its cultural significance, in: Fowler, D D (ed), Great Basin cultural ecology, a symposium: Desert Research Inst Pubs in Soc Sci, no. 8, p 5-12. Crandell, D R and Mullineaux, D R, 1973, Pine Creek volcanic assemblage at Mt St Helens, Washington: US Geol Survey Bull 1383-A. Washington State University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II 149 Damon, P E, Long, A, and Wallick, E I, 1972, Dendrochronologic calibration of the carbon-14 time scale: 8th internatl conf on radiocarbon dating Proc, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, p 45-50. Deevey, E S, Gross, M S, Hutchinson, G E, and Kraybill, H L, 1954, The natural C14 contents of materials from hard-water lakes: Nat Acad Sci Proc, v 40, p 285-288. Fairhall, A W, Schell, W R, and Takashima, Y, 1961, Apparatus for methane synthesis for radiocarbon dating: Rev Sci Instruments, v 32, no. 3, p 323-325. Kitteleman, L R, 1973, Mineralogy correlation and grain-size distributions of Mazama tephra and other postglacial pyroclastic layers, Pacific Northwest: Geol Soc America Bull, v 84, p 2957. Leonhardy, F C and Rice, D G, 1970, A proposed culture typology for the Lower Snake River region, Southeastern Washington: Northwest Anthropol Research Notes, v 4, no. 1. Michael, H N and Ralph, E (eds), 1971, Climates, tree rings, and archaeology, in: Dating techniques for the archaeologist, MIT Press p 49-56. Pavesic, M G, 1971, The archaeology of Hells Canyon Creek Rockshelter, Wallowa County, Oregon: unpub PhD thesis, Univ Colorado, Boulder; Univ Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Richmond, J M, 1965, Glaciation of the Rocky Mountains, in: Wright, H E and Frey, D G (eds), The Quaternary of United States, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton Univ Press, p 217. Scharpenseel, H W, 1972, Messung der Naturlichen. C-14 Konzentration in der Organischen Substanz von Rezenten Boden, Eine Swischenbilanz: A Pfanz, Bonden- kinde, v 133, p 241. .x,13 "iIliaam ;?r Y an tJnh7 - of Alaska athoIL Dates 1111 Richard Bur! :a 4i.drew th'wson, and .:'V gd Necks British M. om Natural Radxoearhon easure- nxrnts Vi! D 1: I C Ogden, HI and W ( Lhar i)alhonsie I!ni MeaK- ureretils 1 Gd se cki and A Zaastaawaay

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