DOCSLIB.ORG

Phallic and Matrixial Memory in Chris Marker's La Jetée

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phallic and Matrixial Memory in Chris Marker's La Jetée “HOW DOES ONE REMEMBER THIRST?”: PHALLIC AND MATRIXIAL MEMORY IN CHRIS MARKER’S LA JETÉE AND SANS SOLEIL by Jeremy Barr A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida May 2011 "HOW DOES ONE REMEMBER THIRST?": PHALLIC AND MATRlXIAL MEMORY IN CHRIS MARKER'S LA JETEE AND SANS SOLEIL by Jeremy Barr This thesis was prepared under the direction of the candidate's thesis advisor, Dr. Chris Robe, School of Communication and Multimedia Studies, and has been approved by the members of his supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of the Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofMaster of Arts. SUP~RY ~MITTEE: Chris abe,?:ti Thesis Advis r harbonneau, Ph.D. r 7P1 Da.et i/i / " ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his kindest regards and most sincere thanks to his committee for their guidance, Kaoru Sakabe for her translations, Gary and Radha Bello for reminding him to breathe, and the financial support of the School of Communication and Multimedia Studies, who allowed him the privilege of sharing with others. Most of all, he would like to thank Carlee Cohen for her love, her patience, and helping him to remember. iii ABSTRACT Author: Jeremy Barr Title: “How Does One Remember Thirst?”: Phallic and Matrixial Memory in Chris Marker’s La jetée and Sans soleil Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Chris Robé Degree: Master of Arts Year: 2011 This thesis problematizes the notion of memory as a non-gendered mechanism by examining the construction of memory and subjectivity in Chris Marker’s La jetée and Sans soleil. Using the theoretical frameworks of Jacques Lacan, Bracha Ettinger, and André Bazin, the paper argues that La jetée presents a model of phallic memory corresponding to a Lacan’s understanding of desire and subjectivity, while Sans soleil offers a model of matrixial memory based on Ettinger’s theorization of the gaze. Bazin’s work is used to address aesthetic issues, as well as providing a method for exploring how the phallic and matrixial frameworks impact the formal construction of the films. Ultimately, La jetée’s model of phallic memory is shown to sever past from present in a manner corresponding to Lacanian notions of desire, castration, and loss, whereas Sans soleil demonstrates the potential of matrixial memory to establish a liminal relationship between past and present. iv DEDICATION This manuscript is dedicated to the events unremembered but not forgotten, the spaces between words, and those things that cannot be named. “HOW DOES ONE REMEMBER THIRST?”: PHALLIC AND MATRIXIAL MEMORY IN CHRIS MARKER’S LA JETÉE AND SANS SOLEIL List of Figures................................................................................................................... vii Chapter One: Chris Marker, Jacques Lacan, and Bracha Ettinger ......................................1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1 Theoretical Background...................................................................................................4 Review of Literature ......................................................................................................17 Summary of Lacan and Ettinger ....................................................................................30 Chapter Two: La jetée and Phallic Memory......................................................................34 Bazin, Rosen, Indexicality and Time.............................................................................34 La jetée...........................................................................................................................41 Regarding History, the Subject, and Phallic Memory ...................................................62 Chapter Three: Sans soleil and Matrixial Memory............................................................68 After La jetée .................................................................................................................69 Krasna and the Narrator.................................................................................................73 Sans soleil ......................................................................................................................81 Conclusions..................................................................................................................107 Notes ................................................................................................................................111 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................122 vi FIGURES Figure 1. Opening Image of the Pier at Orly ..................................................................43 Figure 2. Bench Shot 1....................................................................................................49 Figure 3. Bench Shot 2....................................................................................................49 Figure 4. Bench Shot 3....................................................................................................49 Figure 5. Bench Shot 4....................................................................................................50 Figure 6. Bench Shot 5....................................................................................................50 Figure 7. Bench Shot 6....................................................................................................50 Figure 8. Bench Shot 7....................................................................................................50 Figure 9. Bench Shot 8....................................................................................................50 Figure 10. Bench Shot 9....................................................................................................50 Figure 11. Bed Shots 1-12 .......................................................................................... 52-53 Figure 12. Woman with Open Eyes..................................................................................55 Figure 13. Jailor ................................................................................................................55 Figure 14. Establishing Shot.............................................................................................57 Figure 15. Close-Up..........................................................................................................57 Figure 16. Eyeline Match..................................................................................................57 vii Figure 17. Sequential Shots of Man Running...................................................................57 Figure 18. The Approach ..................................................................................................60 Figure 19. The Killer.........................................................................................................60 Figure 20. The Death ........................................................................................................60 Figure 21. The Triangle ....................................................................................................61 Figure 22. Final Image of the Pier at Orly........................................................................61 Figure 23. Amilcar Cabral/Luis Cabral ............................................................................82 Figure 24. Luis Cabral (guerilla)/Luis Cabral (president) .................................................82 Figure 25. Woman Singing in the Zone.............................................................................86 Figure 26. Red Cat .............................................................................................................87 Figure 27. Board (long)......................................................................................................87 Figure 28. Board (close) ....................................................................................................87 Figure 29. The Florist ........................................................................................................92 Figure 30. Hills of San Francisco ......................................................................................92 Figure 31. The Spiral .........................................................................................................92 Figure 32. James Stewart ...................................................................................................94 Figure 33. Cathedral...........................................................................................................94 Figure 34. Empty Lot ........................................................................................................94 Figure 35. Krasna (long)....................................................................................................95 viii Figure 36. Hitchcock (long)...............................................................................................95 Figure 37. Marker (long)....................................................................................................95 Figure 38. Hitchcock
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Theory of Cinematic Selfhood & Practices of Neoliberal Portraiture
    Cinema of the Self: A Theory of Cinematic Selfhood & Practices of Neoliberal Portraiture Milosz Paul Rosinski Trinity Hall, University of Cambridge June 2017 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. The dissertation is formatted in accordance to the Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) style. This dissertation does not exceed the word limit of 80,000 words (as specified by the Modern and Medieval Languages Degree Committee). Summary This thesis examines the philosophical notion of selfhood in visual representation. I introduce the self as a modern and postmodern concept and argue that there is a loss of selfhood in contemporary culture. Via Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy, Gerhard Richter and the method of deconstruction of language, I theorise selfhood through the figurative and literal analysis of duration, the frame, and the mirror.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptual Realism and Embodied Experience in the Travelogue Genre
    Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications- Volume 3, Issue 3 – Pages 229-258 Perceptual Realism and Embodied Experience in the Travelogue Genre By Perla Carrillo Quiroga This paper draws two lines of analysis. On the one hand it discusses the history of the This paper draws two lines of analysis. On the one hand it discusses the history of the travelogue genre while drawing a parallel with a Bazanian teleology of cinematic realism. On the other, it incorporates phenomenological approaches with neuroscience’s discovery of mirror neurons and an embodied simulation mechanism in order to reflect upon the techniques and cinematic styles of the travelogue genre. In this article I discuss the travelogue film genre through a phenomenological approach to film studies. First I trace the history of the travelogue film by distinguishing three main categories, each one ascribed to a particular form of realism. The hyper-realistic travelogue, which is related to a perceptual form of realism; the first person travelogue, associated with realism as authenticity; and the travelogue as a traditional documentary which is related to a factual form of realism. I then discuss how these categories relate to Andre Bazin’s ideas on realism through notions such as montage, duration, the long take and his "myth of total cinema". I discuss the concept of perceptual realism as a key style in the travelogue genre evident in the use of extra-filmic technologies which have attempted to bring the spectator’s body closer into an immersion into filmic space by simulating the physical and sensorial experience of travelling.
    [Show full text]
  • French New Wave Showcase
    Drafthouse in Richardson are teaming up in September to present a FRENCH NEW WAVE SHOWCASE. A different classic French film will be screened every Saturday afternoon at 4 pm at Alamo. In-person Interviews with Bart Weiss and Dr Frank Dufour (French New Wave expert): Thursday, September 3: Media roundtable from 7:15- 8 pm (This will be the 2nd of 2 Roundtables on Sept 3 - info on the first one follows shortly.) Interviews will take place at La Madeleine near SMU 3072 Mockingbird Ln Dallas, TX 75205-2323 - 214- 696-0800 (We will have the room, which sits behind the order line.) Snacks and drinks will be available, of course. French New Wave Showcase Video Association of Dallas and Alamo Drafthouse Cinema - DFW co-present the French New Wave Showcase Saturday afternoons in September French New Wave, or in French “Nouvelle Vague,” is the style of highly individualistic French film directors of the late 1950s—early ‘60s. Films by New Wave directors were often characterized by fresh techniques using the city streets as character in the films. The New Wave films stimulate discussion about their place in the history of cinema and film. So whether a cinephile or a casual filmgoer, learn more about this distinctly French film movement. French New Wave Showcase, http://videofest.org/french-new-wave- showcase/, presented by the Video Association of Dallas and the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema - DFW, screens every Saturday at 4 pm at Alamo, 100 S Central Expressway, Richardson http://drafthouse.com/calendar/dfw. “The French New Wave was a reaction to the bigness of Hollywood.
    [Show full text]
  • Cinema in Dispute: Audiovisual Adventures of the Political Names ‘Worker’, ‘Factory’, ‘People’
    Cinema In Dispute: Audiovisual Adventures of the Political Names ‘Worker’, ‘Factory’, ‘People’ Manuel Ramos Martínez Ph.D. Visual Cultures Goldsmiths College, University of London September 2013 1 I declare that all of the work presented in this thesis is my own. Manuel Ramos Martínez 2 Abstract Political names define the symbolic organisation of what is common and are therefore a potential site of contestation. It is with this field of possibility, and the role the moving image can play within it, that this dissertation is concerned. This thesis verifies that there is a transformative relation between the political name and the cinema. The cinema is an art with the capacity to intervene in the way we see and hear a name. On the other hand, a name operates politically from the moment it agitates a practice, in this case a certain cinema, into organising a better world. This research focuses on the audiovisual dynamism of the names ‘worker’, ‘factory’ and ‘people’ in contemporary cinemas. It is not the purpose of the argument to nostalgically maintain these old revolutionary names, rather to explore their efficacy as names-in-dispute, as names with which a present becomes something disputable. This thesis explores this dispute in the company of theorists and audiovisual artists committed to both emancipatory politics and experimentation. The philosophies of Jacques Rancière and Alain Badiou are of significance for this thesis since they break away from the semiotic model and its symptomatic readings in order to understand the name as a political gesture. Inspired by their affirmative politics, the analysis investigates cinematic practices troubled and stimulated by the names ‘worker’, ‘factory’, ‘people’: the work of Peter Watkins, Wang Bing, Harun Farocki, Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub.
    [Show full text]
  • Chris Marker (II)
    Chris Marker (II) Special issue of the international journal / numéro spécial de la revue internationale Image [&] Narrative, vol. 11, no 1, 2010 http://ojs.arts.kuleuven.be/index.php/imagenarrative/issue/view/4 Guest edited by / sous la direction de Peter Kravanja Introduction Peter Kravanja The Imaginary in the Documentary Image: Chris Marker's Level Five Christa Blümlinger Montage, Militancy, Metaphysics: Chris Marker and André Bazin Sarah Cooper Statues Also Die - But Their Death is not the Final Word Matthias De Groof Autour de 1968, en France et ailleurs : Le Fond de l'air était rouge Sylvain Dreyer “If they don’t see happiness in the picture at least they’ll see the black”: Chris Marker’s Sans Soleil and the Lyotardian Sublime Sarah French Crossing Chris: Some Markerian Affinities Adrian Martin Petit Cinéma of the World or the Mysteries of Chris Marker Susana S. Martins Introduction Author: Peter Kravanja Article Pour ce deuxième numéro consacré à l'œuvre signé Chris Marker j'ai le plaisir de présenter aux lecteurs les contributions (par ordre alphabétique) de Christa Blümlinger, de Sarah Cooper, de Matthias De Groof, de Sylvain Dreyer, de Sarah French, d'Adrian Martin et de Susana S. Martins. Christa Blümlinger voudrait saisir le statut théorique des mots et des images « trouvées » que Level Five intègre dans une recherche « semi-documentaire », à l'intérieur d'un dispositif lié aux nouveaux médias. Vous pourrez ensuite découvrir la contribution de Sarah Cooper qui étudie le lien entre les œuvres d'André Bazin et de Chris Marker à partir de la fin des années 1940 jusqu'à la fin des années 1950 et au-delà.
    [Show full text]
  • Truth, Lies, and Videotape: Documentary Film and Issues of Morality U2 Linc Course: Interdisciplinary Studies 290 Fall 2007, T/TH 12:45-3:15
    Truth, Lies, and Videotape: Documentary Film and Issues of Morality U2 LinC Course: Interdisciplinary Studies 290 Fall 2007, T/TH 12:45-3:15 Instructor: Krista (Steinke) Finch Office: Art Office/ studio room 103 Office Hours: M, T, TH, W 11:30-12:30 or by appointment Phone: 861-1675 (art office) Email: [email protected] ***Please note that email is the best way to communicate with me COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course will explore issues of morality in documentary film as well provide a conceptual overview of the forms, strategies, structures and conventions of documentary film practice. Filmmaking is a universal language which has proven to be a powerful tool of communication for fostering understanding and change. For this course, students will study the history and theory of the documentary film and its relationship to topics and arguments about the social world. Students will be introduced to theoretical frameworks in ethics and media theory as a means to interpret and reflect upon issues presented in documentary film. Weekly screenings and readings will set the focus for debate and discussion on these specific issues. Students will also work in small groups to create short documentary films on particular subject of their own concern. Through hands on experience, students will learn the basics in planning, producing, and editing a documentary film while gaining an in depth insight into a particular issue through extensive research and exploration. The semester will culminate with a public presentation of the documentary films created during the course at the 2006 Student Film Festival in late April. GOALS: Students will: • understand the history of documentary film and be able to critically address media related arts in relationship to societal issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Films Beget Digital Media
    FROM: Marsha Kinder and Tara McPherson, eds. Transmedia Frictions: The Digital, The Arts, and the Humanities. UC Press: 2014. FILMS BEGET DIGITAL MEDIA Stephen Mamber Two major documentary strands, the compilation and the autobiographical, have been taking hold in digital environments. The affi nities are strong enough to suggest that these two forms anticipate narrative capacities of new media formats in signifi cant ways. We will look at Chris Marker’s CD-ROM Immemory and the installation The Danube Exodus:The Rippling Currents of the River created by Péter Forgács and The Labyrinth Project, in order to explore the linkages from both sides of the seeming divide between old and new forms, the tendencies already present which have fl owered in the two works, and what they suggest about further possibilities for digital media. Those media artists who incorporate lost, amateur, personal, and/or decaying materi- als into their work are clearly implying an alternative—disappearance and forgetting. Such artists are already in league with the archives, libraries, and museums which are also often the sites for the presentation of their work. They are natural allies—institu- tions that collect and present pieces of the past become the source and also the exhibition space for artists who are essentially doing the same thing. While they may not always share common viewpoints on what constitutes suitable source material (i.e., what is worth preserving), the desire to reclaim histories, whether personal or national, and to recontextualize those materials within new frameworks is a strong common bond. Marker and Forgács have both been best known as fi lmmakers, but they have also ventured into digital media and works created especially for museum exhibition.
    [Show full text]
  • Feature Films
    Libraries FEATURE FILMS The Media and Reserve Library, located in the lower level of the west wing, has over 9,000 videotapes, DVDs and audiobooks covering a multitude of subjects. For more information on these titles, consult the Libraries' online catalog. 0.5mm DVD-8746 2012 DVD-4759 10 Things I Hate About You DVD-0812 21 Grams DVD-8358 1000 Eyes of Dr. Mabuse DVD-0048 21 Up South Africa DVD-3691 10th Victim DVD-5591 24 Hour Party People DVD-8359 12 DVD-1200 24 Season 1 (Discs 1-3) DVD-2780 Discs 12 and Holding DVD-5110 25th Hour DVD-2291 12 Angry Men DVD-0850 25th Hour c.2 DVD-2291 c.2 12 Monkeys DVD-8358 25th Hour c.3 DVD-2291 c.3 DVD-3375 27 Dresses DVD-8204 12 Years a Slave DVD-7691 28 Days Later DVD-4333 13 Going on 30 DVD-8704 28 Days Later c.2 DVD-4333 c.2 1776 DVD-0397 28 Days Later c.3 DVD-4333 c.3 1900 DVD-4443 28 Weeks Later c.2 DVD-4805 c.2 1984 (Hurt) DVD-6795 3 Days of the Condor DVD-8360 DVD-4640 3 Women DVD-4850 1984 (O'Brien) DVD-6971 3 Worlds of Gulliver DVD-4239 2 Autumns, 3 Summers DVD-7930 3:10 to Yuma DVD-4340 2 or 3 Things I Know About Her DVD-6091 30 Days of Night DVD-4812 20 Million Miles to Earth DVD-3608 300 DVD-9078 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea DVD-8356 DVD-6064 2001: A Space Odyssey DVD-8357 300: Rise of the Empire DVD-9092 DVD-0260 35 Shots of Rum DVD-4729 2010: The Year We Make Contact DVD-3418 36th Chamber of Shaolin DVD-9181 1/25/2018 39 Steps DVD-0337 About Last Night DVD-0928 39 Steps c.2 DVD-0337 c.2 Abraham (Bible Collection) DVD-0602 4 Films by Virgil Wildrich DVD-8361 Absence of Malice DVD-8243
    [Show full text]
  • National Gallery of Art Fall10 Film Washington, DC Landover, MD 20785
    4th Street and Mailing address: Pennsylvania Avenue NW 2000B South Club Drive NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART FALL10 FILM Washington, DC Landover, MD 20785 FIGURES IN A STRAUB AND LANDSCAPE: JULIEN HUILLET: THE NATURE AND DUVIVIER: WORK AND HARUN NARRATIVE THE GRAND REACHES OF FAROCKI: IN NORWAY ARTISAN CREATION ESSAYS When Angels Fall Manhattan cover calendar page calendar (Harun Farocki), page four page three page two page one Still of performance duo ZsaZa (Karolina Karwan) When Angels Fall (Henryk Kucharski) A Tale of HarvestA Tale The Last Command (Photofest), Force of Evil Details from FALL10 Images of the World and the Inscription of War (Henryk Kucharski), (Photofest) La Bandera (Norwegian Institute) Film Images of the (Photofest) (Photofest) Force of Evil World and the Inscription of War (Photofest), Tales of (Harun Farocki), Iris Barry and American Modernism Andrew Simpson on piano Sunday November 7 at 4:00 Art Films and Events Barry, founder of the film department at the Museum of Modern Art , was instrumental in first focusing the attention of American audiences on film as an art form. Born in Britain, she was also one of the first female film critics David Hockney: A Bigger Picture and a founder of the London Film Society. This program, part of the Gallery’s Washington premiere American Modernism symposium, re-creates one of the events that Barry Director Bruno Wollheim in person staged at the Wadsworth Athenaeum in Hartford in the 1930s. The program Saturday October 2 at 2:00 includes avant-garde shorts by Walter Ruttmann, Ivor Montagu, Viking Eggeling, Hans Richter, Charles Sheeler, and a Silly Symphony by Walt Disney.
    [Show full text]
  • General Education Course Proposal University of Mary Washington
    GENERAL EDUCATION COURSE PROPOSAL UNIVERSITY OF MARY WASHINGTON Use this form to submit EXISTING courses for review. If this course will be submitted for review in more than one category, submit a separate proposal for each category. COURSE NUMBER: FSEM 100F COURSE TITLE: THE FRENCH NEW WAVE: CINEMA AND SOCIETY SUBMITTED BY: Leonard R. Koos DATE: 1/28/08 This course proposal is submitted with the department’s approval. (Put a check in the box X to the right.) If part of a science sequence involving two departments, both departments approve. THIS COURSE IS PROPOSED FOR (check one). First-Year Seminar X Quantitative Reasoning Global Inquiry Human Experience and Society Experiential Learning Arts, Literature, and Performance: Process or Appreciation Natural Science (include both parts of the sequence) NOTE: See the report entitled “General Education Curriculum as Approved by the Faculty Senate,” dated November 7, 2007, for details about the general education categories and the criteria that will be used to evaluate courses proposed. The report is available at www.jtmorello.org/gened. RATIONALE: Using only the space provided in the box below, briefly state why this course should be approved as a general education course in the category specified above. Attach a course syllabus. Submit this form and attached syllabus electronically as one document to John Morello ([email protected]). All submissions must be in electronic form. My first-year seminar (The French New Wave: Cinema and Society), which has already been taught twice, uses the films of the French Wave as its primary “texts.” Secondary readings as well as Blackboard postings help prepare and organize our class discussions of individual films and directors.
    [Show full text]
  • Figures of Dissent Cinema of Politics / Politics of Cinema Selected Correspondences and Conversations
    Figures of Dissent Cinema of Politics / Politics of Cinema Selected Correspondences and Conversations Stoffel Debuysere Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de kunsten: audiovisuele kunsten Figures of Dissent Cinema of Politics / Politics of Cinema Selected Correspondences and Conversations Stoffel Debuysere Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of Doctor of Arts: Audiovisual Arts Academic year 2017- 2018 Doctorandus: Stoffel Debuysere Promotors: Prof. Dr. Steven Jacobs, Ghent University, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Dr. An van. Dienderen, University College Ghent School of Arts Editor: Rebecca Jane Arthur Layout: Gunther Fobe Cover design: Gitte Callaert Cover image: Charles Burnett, Killer of Sheep (1977). Courtesy of Charles Burnett and Milestone Films. This manuscript partly came about in the framework of the research project Figures of Dissent (KASK / University College Ghent School of Arts, 2012-2016). Research financed by the Arts Research Fund of the University College Ghent. This publication would not have been the same without the support and generosity of Evan Calder Williams, Barry Esson, Mohanad Yaqubi, Ricardo Matos Cabo, Sarah Vanhee, Christina Stuhlberger, Rebecca Jane Arthur, Herman Asselberghs, Steven Jacobs, Pieter Van Bogaert, An van. Dienderen, Daniel Biltereyst, Katrien Vuylsteke Vanfleteren, Gunther Fobe, Aurelie Daems, Pieter-Paul Mortier, Marie Logie, Andrea Cinel, Celine Brouwez, Xavier Garcia-Bardon, Elias Grootaers, Gerard-Jan Claes, Sabzian, Britt Hatzius, Johan Debuysere, Christa
    [Show full text]
  • Film and Memory
    212 Bungert Film and Memory WINFRlED FLUCK The major theoretical issue in the relation between memory and film is brought to the fore in the preface to the essay collection Film lind Gediichhris: Wenn in Ingmar Bergmans Wilde Erdbemn der alte Professor Borg sich erinnett, dann sieht er vor sich cine Szene ablaufen, wie der Zuschauer im Kino. Ganz selbstverstiindlich se12t Bergmann voraus, daB die Erinnenmg ein Film ist und ein Film jederzeit die Erinnerung vertteten kann.' Because of the skillful coordination of sound and vision, but also, and perhaps even more so, because of the iconic nature of its images, film achieves the impression of an unmediated directness of representation, an impression which caused the critic Robert Warshow to come up with his famous description of film as "immediate experience." The concept implies a direct, unmediated encounter with reality, something we also attribute to processes of remembering in which images appear to come to us in direct, unpredictable fashion and without the "gatekeeper"-function of consciousness. The impres­ sion that filmic images outrun conscious reflection and easily overwhelm consciousness is thus given as major reason not only for the strong appeal of film but also for recurring attempts to link film with unconscious processes. However, the recent semiotization of literary and cultural studies, including film studies, has sharpened our awareness clut this impression of "immediacy" is only an illusion produced by a set of representational conventions. Film theory has discarded the view that photographic or filmic images function as transparent windows to either the real world or the unconscious.
    [Show full text]