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A New Ostracoda (Crustacea) Genus, Comalcandona Gen. Nov., from Texas, USA

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A New Ostracoda (Crustacea) Genus, Comalcandona Gen. Nov., from Texas, USA Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2018) 42: 18-28 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1611-52 A new Ostracoda (Crustacea) genus, Comalcandona gen. nov., from Texas, USA 1, 2 Okan KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU *, Randy GIBSON 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey 2 Aquatic Resources Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, San Marcos, TX, USA Received: 22.11.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 12.10.2017 Final Version: 10.01.2018 Abstract: A new freshwater ostracod genus, Comalcandona gen. nov., and its type species (Comalcandona tressleri sp. nov.) are described from John Knox Ranch, Comal County, Texas, USA. The new genus differs from the related genera in the presence of the shallow pits on the trapezoidal shape of the carapace and presence of one well-developed anterior claw (posterior claw and both anterior and posterior setae are absent) on the uropod, a diagnostic character. Differences in the structure of the hemipenes, length and numbers of setae on the extremities, and shape of some other soft body parts also separate this genus from the other related genera. The taxonomic status of the new genus and species are compared and discussed with other related groups. Key words: Candonidae, new genus, freshwater, taxonomy, spring 1. Introduction distribution worldwide and these numbers are thought The family Candonidae includes three subfamilies: to be underestimated. The aim of the present study was Paracypridinae Sars 1923, Cyclocypridinae Kaufmann to describe a new genus (Comalcandona gen. nov.) and a 1900a, and Candoninae Kaufmann 1900a. While the new species (Comalcandona tressleri sp. nov.) of candonid first one includes mostly brackish and marine ostracods, Ostracoda from Texas, North America. the last two subfamilies have mostly freshwater species. According to Karanovic (2013), Candoninae is divided 2. Materials and methods into eight tribes with 41 genera. Although Karanovic 2.1. Site description (2013) did not mention about it, Külköylüoğlu et al. John Knox Spring (29°57.849ʹN, 98°11.739ʹW), located (2011) reported another new genus (and a species) of this on John Knox Ranch on the border of Comal and Hays subfamily as Bicornucandona, increasing the number to 42 counties, Texas (Figure 1), emerges from a ca. 0.3-m genera. Regarding the North American Candoninae (see vertical crevice-like orifice, 1 m below the water surface Karanovic, 2006; Külköylüoğlu et al., 2011), to date, there and along the bank of the scenic limestone grotto pool are about 41 species within at least eight genera: Candona called Blue Hole. Blue Hole (ca. 16 m wide) reaches depths Baird 1845, Typhlocypris Vejdovský 1882, Pseudocandona of 5 m and flows for ca. 25 m where it narrows and forms Kaufmann 1900 (also see, e.g., Gidó, 2010), Eucandona a shallow (ca. 1 m deep) channel that flows for 0.23 km Daday 1900, Nannocandona Ekman 1914, Paracandona where it pours over a 3-m-tall dam. From this point, the Hartwig 1899, Fabaeformiscandona Krstić 1972, and creek meanders for 1.4 km and empties into the Blanco Bicornucandona Külköylüoğlu et al. 2011. Of the 41 River. Blue Hole is the perennial headwaters of Carper’s species, 16 are already known from other continents, Creek. Discharge of this creek was measured at 0.05 cfs while 27 (including a new species Bicornucandona by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) on 24 fineganensis) are endemic to North America (Karanovic, September 1988 (Gordon Linam, pers. comm.). After 2006; Külköylüoğlu et al., 2011) (but also see Külköylüoğlu sufficient rain events, Carper’s Creek flows down the et al. (2017)). Since the description of the first ostracod normally dry creek bed upstream of Blue Hole, forming (Chlamydotheca texasiensis (Baird 1862)) from Texas, a waterfall that empties directly into the pool where there are about 75 living ostracods reported from the John Knox Spring emerges. Water quality of the spring state (Külköylüoğlu, unpublished data). Nevertheless, sampled using a DataSonde 5 multiprobe (Hydrotech ZS Candonidae is a large family with a cosmopolitan Consulting, Round Rock, TX, USA) on 1 September 2014 * Correspondence: [email protected] 18 KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU and GIBSON / Turk J Zool Figure 1. Sampling location of Comalcandona tressleri gen. nov. sp. nov. from Blue Hole Spring, Comal County, Texas. was as follows: temperature = 20 °C, pH = 6.9, dissolved invertebrates, decreasing potential damage to the specimens. oxygen = 6.1 mg/L, and specific conductivity = 534 µS/cm. Using a dive mask and snorkel, collection buckets were This spring emerges from Lower Glenn Rose Limestone exchanged underwater and the sample capped and swum associated with the Middle Trinity Aquifer (Wierman et to shore. Invertebrates were picked from the samples with al., 2010). A portion of the flow might arise from hyporheic soft forceps or disposable plastic pipettes and preserved in origin through alluvial deposits within the streambed of 95% ethanol. The remaining bulk sample was preserved in Carper’s Creek as suggested by the collection of surface jars with 95% ethanol and transported, stored, and later fauna (e.g., early instar stonefly larvae and a small riffle sorted in the laboratory at San Marcos Aquatic Resources beetle larva Microcylloepus pusillus) drifting out of the Center (SMARC). Notable fauna collected from these drift spring orifice. samples include spring salamander Eurycea pterophyla Collections were performed using an 250-µm aquatic (Bendik et al., 2013), hydrobiid spring snail Marstonia drift n et (BioQuip Products, Rancho Dominguez, CA, comalensis (Hershler and Liu, 2011; Robert Hershler, pers. USA) modified with a flexible copper tubing frame inserted comm.), subterranean flatworm, subterranean hyporheic into the crevice and then expanded outward, resulting in the amphipod Stygobromus russelli and isopod Lirceolus sp., net being firmly lodged in the spring orifice while capturing and undescribed subterranean species of Arrenurus mite most of the flow. The collection bucket was also modified and Stygobromus amphipod (Randy Gibson, pers. comm.). with 5.1-cm PVC threaded fittings allowing for removal and The individuals of the new genus, Comalcandona nov. replacement under water without the need to dislodge the gen., were collected from the type locality, John Knox net. Additionally, an outflow area was fitted on this bucket Spring, John Knox Ranch, Comal County, TX, USA on with 200-µm nylon mesh for capture of smaller fauna, and a 21 May 2010 by one of us (RG). After, they were fixed in backwater area of reduced flow was provided for capture of plastic containers in 70% ethanol in situ. 19 KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU and GIBSON / Turk J Zool In the laboratory, individuals were sorted from 2.2. Abbreviations used in text and figures the sediments and kept in the 70% ethanol. Soft body A1, first antenna (antennula); A2, second antenna (antenna); parts separated from the carapaces were dissected in cp, carapace; D, distal; d1–3 and dp, setae on the protopodite lactophenol solution and the carapaces were stored in of the second (T2) and third (T3) thoracopods; G1–G3, Gm, micropaleontological slides. Each slide was given a GM, terminal claws of A2; H, height; L, length; LV, left valve; catalogue number and covered with nail polish for future Mx1, maxillula; Md, mandibula; Pr, protopodite; RV, right use. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) located at valve; T1, first thoracopod; Ua, uropodal attachment; Ur CBA, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal, (uropod); W, width; Y, ya, y1–y3, aesthetascs; z1–3, setae of was used to obtain detailed images of the carapaces. Soft the third (or second) segment of A2. body parts of the holotype and allotype were drawn under a camera lucida (Olympus U-DA) attached to 3. Results an Olympus BX-51 microscope by the first author. Systematic description Afterwards, all drawings were digitized using an Intuos Class: Ostracoda Latreille, 1802 5 tablet (Wacom) and Illustrator CS5 software (Adobe). Order: Podocopida Sars, 1866 Broodbakker and Danielopol (1982), Martens (1987), Superfamily: Cypridoidea Baird, 1845 Meisch (1996, 2000), and Karanovic (2004, 2005, 2006, Family: Candonidae Kaufmann, 1900 2007, 2012, 2013) were used to describe the chaetotaxy Subfamily: Candoninae Kaufmann, 1900 of the limbs and taxonomic status of the genus. All Genus: Comalcandona gen. nov. materials described here with catalogue numbers (OK- Type-species: Comalcandona tressleri sp. nov. (Figures TX-20100521: 01-09) were located in the Limnology 2–6) Laboratory of the Biology Department, Abant İzzet Other species: The genus is presently monospecific. Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. Additional materials Etymology: The name of the county, Comal, is are also available upon request from the corresponding combined with the genus Candona as Comalcandona, author. referring to the type locality of the new genus. Figure 2. Comalcandona tressleri gen. nov. sp. nov. A, C, D (Female); B (Male). (A) left valve, (B) right valve, external view. (C) right valve, internal view. (D) dorsal view. Scale bar: 105 µm. 20 KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU and GIBSON / Turk J Zool Figure 3. Comalcandona tressleri gen. nov. sp. nov. A, B, D (Female); C (Male). (A, B) right valve (antero-dorsal, posterio-dorsal margins, respectively), internal view. (C) normal pore canals with oval shaped pits on right half side of left valve, external view. (D) muscle scars, internal view of right valve . Scale bar: 100 µm. Diagnosis segment of Mxl palp short and slightly trapezoidal with 5 In lateral view, carapace trapezoidal, medium in size smooth setae. T1 with one short a seta. T2 5-segmented with normal pore openings. Dorsal margin straight with one d1 seta. T3 5-segmented and with 3 setae (d1, with a sharp slope posteriorly. Anterior margin wide, d2, dp) on the first segment (protopodite). Uropod with rounded and more tapering than the posterior in dorsal well developed, smooth anterior claw; posterior claw and view.
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