2013 Abstracts

Abstracts NanoBio Summit 2013 Invited Speakers Abstracts Shape-controlled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as to prostate cancer cells could be used as an effective Efficient MRI contrast Agents anti-prostate cancer therapy. Recombinant Id4 was Yuping Bao successfully loaded onto PCL/Maltodextrin nano- Chemical and Biological Engineering, particles. Positive Id4 immuno-reactivity in LNCaP The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL cells silenced with Id4 sh-RNA (LNCaP-Id4) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a powerful, DU145 demonstrated successful uptake of Id4 loaded non-invasive tool for brain tumor imaging and therapy PCL/ Maltodextrin nano-particle. The non-particle monitoring. The use of contrast agents significantly delivery of Id4 resulted in decreased proliferation, G1 enhances the image contrasts, yielding better arrest, increased apoptosis and decreased resolution. T1 positive contrast agents are mainly tumorigenecity as determined in a in soft agar assay. paramagnetic Gadolinium (Gd) complexes, which These results suggested that nano-particle based shorten the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and delivery of recombinant Id4 could be used as an generate a brighter image. T2 negative contrast agents, alternate therapy for prostate cancer. primarily superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, produce a darker image by shortening the transverse Higher Order Architectures and Bio relaxation time (T2). Compared to the well-studied Gd- Functionalization of Graphene Shells Encapsulated based contrast agents, the correlation between the Nanoparticles for Sensors nanoparticle parameters and corresponding relaxivities Nitin Chopra are not well understood. In this presentation, we will Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, discuss the role of nanoparticle shapes in their The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL effectiveness as MRI contrast agents. Specifically, we Combining graphitic carbon with noble metal will present the synthetic methods to generate magnetic nanoparticles is an interesting heterostructure leading iron oxide nanowires, plates, cubes, and then discuss to unique multifunctionality in the form of superior their performance as MRI contrast agents by thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics.The comparing with iron oxide nanospheres. major focus of our research is on developing multi- component architectures comprised of graphene shells PCL/ Maltodextrin Nano-Particle as Carrier for encapsulated gold nanoparticles. The growth of these Targeted Delivery of Tumor Suppressor Id4 in hybrid nanoparticles is achieved in a unique chemical Prostate Cancer vapor deposition process, which allows for control over Jaideep Chaudhary the thickness of graphene shells. The hybrid Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA nanoparticles are thoroughly characterized for their Id4, a helix loop helix transcriptional regulator is structure, lattice, chemical compositions, and epigenetically silenced in many cancers including interfaces. Furthermore, the graphene shells were prostate. Id4 is also required for prostate development: chemically derivatized with different functional groups In Id4-/- mouse models, prostate development is and studied for plasmonics and fluorescence sensing impaired and leads to PIN like lesions by six weeks of for biomolecules. This approach was further extended age. In prostate cancer cell lines, expression of Id4 to organize assemblies of other nanostructures on these correlates with tumorigenic potential. Id4 expression is hybrid nanoparticles. The studies indicate that observed in the androgen sensitive and less heterostructured architectures can allow for precise tumorigenic-LNCaP cells whereas Id4 expression is tuning of properties and hold strong potential for lost in tumorigenic and androgen insensitive C81, sensing and nanoarchitecture applications. DU145 and PC3 cells due to promoter hyper- methylation. Ectopic expression of Id4 in DU145 cells Bulk Multifunctional Materials from Nanocylinders blocks proliferation through CDKNIs p27 and p21, and Nature promotes apoptosis and increases sensitivity to Virginia A. Davis doxorubicin. Moreover, silencing of Id4 in LNCaP Department of Chemical Engineering, cells promotes tumor formation in castrated mice Auburn University suggesting that loss of Id4 leads to castration resistant Natural and synthetic nanocylinders such as carbon prostate cancer (CRPC). These results suggested that nanotubes, inorganic nanowires, and cellulose Id4 acts as a potent tumor suppressor and its loss nanocrystals all have intriguing intrinsic properties and promotes CRPC. Based on these results we a broad range of potential applications. Combining hypothesized that targeted delivery of recombinant Id4 these nanocylinders with DNA and/or enzymes results in multifunctional materials that can be produced the methods utilized, future studies can incorporate through scalable fluid phase processing methods. For specific growth factors and other organic/inorganic example, organophosphate sensors have been biomolecules to further develop the engineered PLA developed by assembling layers of carbon nanotubes nanomatrix into a functional ligament-replacement with DNA and organophosphate hydrolase. Carbon graft. nanotubes in combination with lysozyme, a natural antimicrobial, have been used to create coatings, films, NIR Photothermal Nano-conjugates for Combined and fibers which are mechanically robust, electrically Targeting, Imaging, and Treating Tumors conductive, and antimicrobial. Carbon nanotubes and Hadiyah-Nicole Green enzymes have also been used in biofuel cells that Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL mimic the natural Krebs` cycle. Silver, well known for its antimicrobial properties, can be used alone or in As a potential localized cancer therapy, nanoparticle combination with enzymes to achieve multifunctional enabled near infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy has systems such as conductive transparent displays with realized limited success in in vivo studies. This is inherent antimicrobial properties. Successful primarily due to a lack of successful methods to optimization of all of these systems requires overcome nanoparticle uptake by the understanding the thermodynamic and mechanical reticuloendothelial system and deliver sufficient forces governing the assembly of nanomaterials and quantities of nanoparticles to the tumor site. In the enzymes from fluid dispersions. This talk will present work, gold nanorod and fluorescently-labeled highlight recent successes in both advancing tumor-specific antibody conjugates provided a 3-in-1 fundamental understanding and achieving useful system combining targeted nanorod delivery, multifunctional materials. fluorescent imaging, and NIR photothermal therapy of malignant tumors. The innovative conjugation Fabrication and Characterization of a Biomimetic techniques and molar ratio parameters provided a Polymeric Ligament Scaffold nearly 15-fold improvement in the targeted delivery of Derrick Dean the nanorods to overly-expressed epidermal growth University of Alabama at Birmingham factor receptors (EGFR) on malignant tumors. The The human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is dye-antibody-nanorod conjugate and NIR irradation ruptured over 200,000 times per year (or an incidence killed approximately 90% of tumor cells in vitro and of 1 in 3000) in the United States,resulting in over $1 provided a 40% reduction in tumor volume in vivo. billion of medical expenses. Orthopedic reconstruction This approach could serve as the prototype for is typically done using autograph or allograph tissue, combining early detection with localized and both with significant disadvantages. In this study, we repeatable treatments for a variety of tumors that over- have attempted to replicate the composition, express EGFR including breast, bladder, cervical, morphology and mechanical properties of the ACL colorectal, head and neck, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, using a nanomatrix composite of highly-aligned poly and prostate cancers. (lactic acid) (PLA) fibers with various surface and biochemical modifications A bioinkjet printer was used Monodisperse Carbon Nanomaterials for to pattern nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite (HANP) on Electronics, Energy, and Medicine the surface of the scaffold. The HANP bioink was Mark C. Hersam printed over a gradient pattern mimetic of (and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, spatially corresponding to) the mineralization gradient Northwestern University found over the microanatomy at the ACL enthesis. Evanston, IL Proliferation and differentiation response of human Recent years have seen substantial improvements in the mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro was assessed structural, chemical, and electronic monodispersity of for a variety of conditions and combinations of the carbon nanomaterials, leading to improved PLA nanofiber scaffold surface modifications performance in a variety of applications. For example, (inclusive and exclusive of HANP, fibrin, and various high purity semiconducting single-walled carbon time dependent NaOH treatments). It was found that a nanotubes (SWCNTs) allow the fabrication of thin-film combinatory effect of the HANP gradient with fibrin field-effect transistors with concurrently high on NaOH treated PLA nanofibers enhanced the transconductance, mobility, and on/off ratio and/or osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, with an high frequency operation exceeding 150 GHz. Using observable morphological change spatially dielectrophoretic assembly, arrays of individual corresponding to

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