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159 Vol. No. XLII1 No. 27 of 1930 BOMBAY PRESIDENCY POLICE ABSTRACT OF INTELLIGENCE Poona, July 5, 1930. POLITICAL, POLITICE—RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL MOVEMENT 1135. Civil Disobedience Movement, General Summary. (1)Thana.—4 meetings for the week ending June 14, attendances 500 and under, except at Kalyan (June 10), with an audience of 5,000. Chief speakers: Chhotalal Ramdas Shroff and R. S. Ruikar1. Ruikar also spoke at Thana. He said that labour should join the Congress. Propaganda in connection with the boycott of liquor shops auctions is mentioned. Owing to the monsoon there are fewer public meetings but more private conferences of leaders and organisers. (2)Bandra.—Daily meetings with small audiences of 50 or so. Agitation in connection with the boycott and picketing of foreign cloth and toddy shops continues. (3)Nasik.—23 meetings for the week ending June 14, 8 with audiences over 1,000. The principal leaders are the following:—Satana taluka, S. G. Shewale : Vithal Balwant Pathak, Yeola ; Pandurang Shridhar Apte, Nasik city ; Sitaramdas Shashtri and Dattatraya Yadao Pingle, Niphad ; Mohinraj Ganesh Kathe of Nandgaon. The last named has been making wild speeches and manufactured salt at a meeting on June 13. (4)East Khandesh.—10 meetings for the week ending June, 7. Audience over 1,000 at Erandol, May 30, when Pandit Shivprasad Sharma of Cawnpore spoke. Agitation is concentrated or the breach of the forest laws. 8 meetings for the week ending June 14. Agitation in connection with the breach of the forest laws still continues in the three talukas north of the Tapti and nearest to the Satpura Hills. (5)Ahmednagar.—4 meetings for the week ending June 14, largest attendance 2,000 on June 9 at Ahthednagar. Professor Achyut Sitaram Patwardhan asked the audience to defy the ordinances against the picketing and boycott of foreign cloth. Propaganda for forest satyagraha continues in Sangamner and Akola talukas, but the movement otherwise appears to be somewhat losing momentum. (6)Poona.—5 meetings for the week endine June 14, largest attendance at Baramati on June 6 (1,000). Week ending June 21: Picketing of foreign cloth shops and liquor shops continues, mostly by youth from other districts. Toddy auctions on June 16 were postponed on account of the threats of picketers, which deterred bidders. Anti-Civil Disobedience Movement meetings were held by Muhammadans on June 16 and 17 when the speakers were Moulvi Jandat Hussain of Rampur and Moulvi Sayad Abdul Hussain of Delhi. Audiences were 900 on June 16 and 17 and 500 at a meeting in the Cantonment.

1 Ruikar was a nationalist leader and a labour leader from Nagpur. 708

(7)Salara.—Week ending June 14. Rise in the number of meetings from 32 to 53, but speeches are restrained. Breach of the Forest Laws is preached and the movement is likely to be launched in Patan taluka. (8)Sholapur, June 28.—Only 1 meeting during the week at Akluj on June 25 under Malsiras Police Station. The trial against 9 agitators of Barsi town ended in the conviction of 8 and the acquittal of one on June 24. Martial Law was withdrawn on July 1. Conditions are returning to normal though big merchants have not yet returned. (9)Ratnagiri.—12 meetings, audiences small. (10) Kolaba.—24 meetings of no importance individually. Ramchandra Vishwanath Adhikari advised the non-payment of grazing fees and the breach of forest laws. 1136. Agitation. (1) Bombay Suburban District, June 21.—Meetings were held daily throughout the week as usual with very small attendance averaging 50. On the 19th Pandit Motilal Nehru visited the Chhawani at Ville Parle. On that occasion some 1,500 people assembled. The chief speakers were Abdulla Rahimtulla, Vrashabhadas Javeri, Pandit Motilal Nehru and Indravijay Desai. There were more accounts of the Dharasna raids, and the work done by the chhawanis daily, was narrated. Appeals for fresh volunteers were also made. Motilal Nehru stated that he was glad to see the chhawani and appreciated its system of working. The Chhawani had worked well and was fit to be the head chhawani in Maharashtra. He had requested his European friends for a long time to consider the state of India, but, as they were all of one mind, nobody cared for India. In European countries ladies were respected, while in India they were being disrespected and beaten regularly. The weapons of Government had to be faced by charkas and taklis which instruments would bring them swaraj. Their struggle should be continued in spite of every difficulty. Dharmanand Kosambi on one occasion requested the volunteers to be honest and not to disclose any information about the chhawani. The police appeared to know every detail about the chhawani and he suspected that some one in the chhawani was giving out all information. This was treachery to the mother-land. (2) Ghatkopar.—Meetings were held at Ghatkopar, Bhandup, Mulund and Chembur. Chief speakers: Kripal Shamji Jiwani, Bechoo Damodhar of Bhandup, Vifhal Narayan Purav of Chambur, and N. B. Gantrai (Secretary, Mulund Coneress Committee.) Praises were given to those who went to jail or were ill-treated in the present movement. The British in the olden days had resolved not to import Indian goods into England, imposing a fine of £ 200 on anybody found doing so. In this way Indian goods had been boycotted. Now that they were endeavouring to do a similar thing to English goods, Government had produced an Ordinance. The people of India are disgusted because thev have been slaves of the British Government for 150 years. India had been drained by the taxes on salt, liquor and foreign 709 cloth, which taxes went to feed the people of England. Other nations arc finding fault with the British which made them afraid and they would shortly leave India. (3) Andheri.—Meetings were held at Andheri (2), Versowa, Malad and Manori. Audiences varied from 50 to 100. Chief speakers:—Dr. Ramchandra M. Bhoir, Dilkush Dawawalla, Bhagwant Janardhan Mhatre, Motiram Hirji Kaskar and Govind Keroba Date. Most of the speeches were on the evils of spending money on toddy and liquor. Taxes should not be paid to Government. It was disgrace-ful that so few people took part in the movement from these parts. The movement had not stopped and all should help. (4)Bandra.—A meeting was held by K. Natrajan, who addressed some 400 people of all communities. All were urged to forget caste and creed and join the Civil Disobedience Movement. He gave a history of Gandhi's life, comparing him with Christ. There were eight other minor speakers five of whom were women. (5)Thana, June 29.—Villagers refused to work in the Forests in Manor range. There is likely to be no bidding at the next forest auctions, as contractors have not been paid for the timber sent to Gujerat last year. (6)Nasik, June 21.—Four volunteers proceeded from Yeola to Sangamner for forest satyagraha. A volunteer from Kalamsare, Pachora taluka, East Khandesh, named Govind Narayan Yadav, Maratha, passed through Manmad on June 10 and collected some Rs. 70 by selling tickets in aid of the Civil Disobedience War Council. On June 19, after a meeting at Kalwan some 12 volunteers gave their names for taking part in forest satyagraha. Sitaram Shastri has been busy during the week (touring the northern part of the district making strenuous efforts to get the people to join the forest satyagraha movement Phatak and Shevale, pleaders, in the Satana taluka have also showed considerble keenness over this movement, getting up meetings and stirring up trouble generally. (7) Nasik, June 21.—Meetings held include the following: —

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) June 12 Nasik 1,200 Liquor picketing June 14 Nasik 300 Do. June 14 Nasik 1000 Peshawar affairs and liquor picketing June 16 Trimbak 350 to 400 The question of hoisting the national flag on the municipal office. June 18 Trimbak 350 to 400 To discuss the refusal of the members of the municipality to hoist the national flag. Jane 16 Sinnar 150 Forest satyagraha. Jane 17 Yeola 200 Congratulations to the satyagrahis returned from Sholapur. June 16 Manmad 250 Civil Disobedience and forest satyagraha. 710

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) June 16 Kalwan 400 Swaraj. June 17 Junibej, Kalwan 200 Do. Taluka. June 18 Lohoner 150 to 200 Forest satyagraha. June 20 Satana 1,500 Present unrest and forest satyagraha June 20 Tiwan, Satana 1,000 Forest satyagraha. Taluka. June 21 Mulher, Satana 60 Boycott of foreign cloth and forest satyagraha. June 19 Malwan 400 Swaraj. (8) East Khandesh, June 21.—44 meetings were held in the district of which the following deserve notice: —

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4)

13th June Vadri, Police 75 Sitaram Bhauji Chaudharj advised his audience to Station Yawal break the forest law appealed to the villagers to boycott 13th June Akulkheda, Police 600 Namdeothe Police Ukha Patels; Mahajan and Governmentpresided. Ziprubuwa and station Chopda S. Y. Virwadekar appealed to the audience to boycott foreign cloth, to use khaddar, to refuse to pay Government taxes, and to break the forest laws. 14th June Dongar-Kathore, S. B. Chaudhari and five others incited the people Police station to boycott Govern-ment servants; to boycott the Yawal. liquor auctions; to refuse to pay land revenue; to assist those who were willing to take up the forest satyagraha and to boycott auctions of forest produce. 15th June Chopda . 800 Chotalal Veduse. Gujarati presdied C. S. Wagh, C.B. Bhole, D. Y. Sagaskar, and D. H. Desai spoke.. Appealed to thaudience to join the forest satyagraha and to take up every kind of political agitation. 16th June Adawad 700 Appealed to the village police resign; to boycott anyone appototed to act as officiating P. P. socially to boycott the Police. 16th June Erandol 150 Laxman Shaligram Kabre advised the people to boycott the courts by setting up village panchayats. Shankar Motiram Kabre who is at present undergoing sentence, is to be the president of the Erandol pancha-yat. 711

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 17th June Amalner 700 Dr. Vinayak Bapuji Chitle ot Panve Kolaba District, spoke on the Civil Disobedience Movement and advised his audience to carry on the campaign against the oppressions ot Government. Ramchandra Dhondu Bhoge of Raver also spoke. 18th June Do. 1,000 R. D. Bhoge of Raver advised the boycott of foreign cloth and of Government servants. He also said that he could supply any amount of contraband salt if any one wanted to buy it. 8 persons gave their names and the speaker said that he would send it to them in such a way that the police should not get hold of it. 19th June Adawad 600 V. R. Koli and B. M. Hari spoke on the Civil Disobedience Movement and exhorted the police patels to resign as they no longer had any respect from the public, advised the people to break the forest laws. 20th June Do. 700 Nimaklal Mithulal (obviously an at, sumed name) delivered a speecs-favouring the breach of the foresh laws. 20th June Chopda 800 Speeches in favour of the breach of the forest laws were made by 3 persons in this meeting. 1st June Jalgaon 1,000 V. V. Bochare and W. R. Sharma spoke against the oppressions that the Government has undertaken Kutubuddin Kazi went to Lonara, Savda Police-station on June 19 and convened a meeting of the Tadwis, about 125 in all, and advised them to keep aloof from the movement to cut trees and, to generally break the Forest Laws. He also advised them not to have anything to do with Congresswallas, who were carrying on the agitation for the benefit of their own stomachs and not for that of the country. The meeting passed resolutions unanimously that the Tadwis should withhold themselves from the. Civil Disobedience Movement. Dharaana Day wag, celebrated by the local Congress in Jalgaon by holding a procession throughout the city followed by a meeting on the 21st Wasant Ramchandra Sharma and Kishan Surajcharan held processions daily throughout the week of about 30 boys and girls to keep up the public interest in the movement. The local Marwadis of Fattehpur held a procession on June 14 to show their sympathies with the movement. (9) West Khandesh, June 7.—On, 3rd June 1930 a black flag procession was taken in Dhulia city as a protest against the passing of the recent Ordinances. About 400 persons had taken part in it. 27 volunteers under the leadership of Pundlik Patil of Kapadne left for Ville Parle on 712

4th June 1930. They were taken in procession to the station. On 5th June 1930, takii procession was taken through the City. Nawal Ananda Patil who was arrested at Sakri on 5 th June 1930, was brought to Dhulia the same evening and was taken in procession to the jail. He was sentenced to 9 months rigorous imprisonment under Section 117, I. P. C, Cor abetting the breaking of the Forest Act. Boys and girls go through the city with the national flag several times daily. Chhotalal Gourishankar Karade of Surat who was arrested at Shahada and brought to Dhulia on 8th June 1930 at 5 p.m. was taken in procession up to the jail. He is an undertrial prisoner. Picketing of liquor and toddy shops continues. Hatred towards the Government and Government servants, especially the Police, is increasing. On 28th May 1930 Yeknath Shridhar Shimpi of Borkund adpised the villagers of Dhulia to use swadeshi goods, to abstain from drink and tea and to have unity. On 30th May 1930 Shankarsing Thakor advised people at Borkund to abstain from drink, to use swadeshi cloth, to have unity. The national flag was hoisted on the gateway of the village. On 29th May 1930 some Wadars had camped near Kamphal Chowki, Songir Police-station. Some merchants of Songir advised them to abstain from drink and told them that if they would not listen to them they would get nothing in the bazaar. The Wadars took no heed but when they tound that they could not get anything in the bazaar they consented to abide by the advice of the merchants when they were given supplies. On 31st May 1930 in the bazaar of Lamkani, Laxrnan Mahadeo Halwai of Ner, Bhagwan Mahadeo Halwai of Ner, Jagannath Haribhai of Lamkani, Nagindas Bhagwandas of Lamkani advised the villagers not to drink. One man had a drink and he was much derided. Ramji Lal Murlidhar, Murardas Nagindas, Keshavlal Maganlal, Chintaman Ramchandra, all of Dondaicha, called all the merchants privately and told them not to give anything to the Police. They refused to comply. Murardas Nagindas, Keshavlal Waman, Hasan Jipru, Ramji Murlidhar, Chintaman Ramchandra, all of Dondaicha requested the merchants not to order foreign goods for six months and advised people not to use them. On 5th June 1930 a procession of Gandhi's photograph was taken through the Dondaicha village. Padamsing Diwansing, Police Patel of Warwade, would not resign his Patelship and Weniram Vishnu Shimpi of Dondaicha, would not consent to abstain from sewing foreign cloth so both of them have been boycotted in their respective villages. Yeshwantrao Sakharam Patil of Kasara, Bhaurao Anna Patil of Dhadna, Namdeo Bhaurao Patil of Dhadna went to Balana on 26th May 1930 and to Dang Shirwade on the 27th. Yeshwant advised the villagers to abstain from drink and to boycott Government servants. On 2nd June 1930 Rajaram Domaji Patel, Manik Anaji Patil, Rambhau Krishna Patil, all of Dhadna, went to Tembhe. Rajaram advised 713 villagers to abstain from drink, to use Khadi and boycott Government servants. Sawakars and Banks of Pimpalner are advising villagers to go against the Government, otherwise they will not get any loans or credit. Villagers are also advised not to pay grazing fees and to bring dry wood from the forest. This propaganda seems to have had some effect on the villagers of Samoda, Balana, Pimpalner, Desh Shirwade and Dang Shirwade.. (10) West Khandesh, June 14.—Meetings held include the following : —

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 6th June Panjara 2,000 Mahadev Pandharinath Khaladkar asked the Riverbed, Muhammadans to join in the present struggle. Dhulia Balubhai Laxmidas Mehta exhorted the youths to leave schools and colleges and join in the present struggle. Nathu Tukaram Lohar exhorted the people to carry on the agitation to the villagers. 10th June Dhulia 2,000 Prabhakar Vithal Gokhale recited 4 songs and then said; "Drive out this Government. Poems penetrate more forcibly than prose lectures. You know how Laxmibai of Jhansi crushed the white people, we shall wait to see the result of Gandhi's non-violent movement for 3 years and then launch a violent agitation in 1933." The meeting dispersed after Muchate sang a ballad about the Queen of Jhansi. 8th June Sakri 5,000 The meeting was called by all leaderss of Sakri taluka purposely to arrange a definite plan to start Civil Disobedience Campaign against the forest laws. Laxman Bala Joshi of Pimpalner advised the boycott of Government servants, especially of the Police, Revenue and Forest Departments. He also asked them not to pay grazing fees, and not to bid at the auctions. He advised them to not to cut trees or damage the forest. He explained that the campaign was for grazing fees and taking grass only. At the beginning and end of the meeting some songs denouncing British rule were sung. 10th June Pimpalner 800 Laxman Bala Joshi impressed upon the audience that it was wrong to stedal wood from the forest and advised the audience to boycott Government officers, foreign cloth and not to fear Police. He told them to break the Forest Laws openly. At the other meetings the attendances were below 800 and the subjects discussed were; boycott of Government servants, abstention from liquor, use of khaddar, non-payment of taxes, boycott of foreign goods, breach of Forest Laws, etc. 714

Hindus are trying their utmost to induce Muhammadams to join in the present agitation, but are meeting with no success. Agitators are moving in the villages and advising the Bhil population to leave off drinking and preaching the boycott creed. The majority of Police Patels of Sakri taluka are doing their duties only nominally. They show no desire to help the Police or other Government servants. (11) West Khandesh, June 27.—Out of the 26 meetings held in the district during the week the following are important :—

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 18th June Dhulia 500 To observe Sholapur day. 11th June Khed, Taluka 252 Prabhakar Vithal Gokhale of Nasik said that grazing Dhulia fee should not be paid; advice was given to follow Bardoli. 14th June Ner, Taluka 225 All should learn lathi exercises as the Police were to Dhulia be driven out. No one should report any theft to the Police. (12) Ahmednagar, June 21.—Meeting are being held less frequently and attract smaller audiences. Propaganda for forest satyagraha being carried on in Sangamner and Akola talukas appears to be meeting with some response. Interest in picketing seems to have lessened. Prosecutions appears to be having a beneficial effect on the general situation. Several individuals of Kopargaon and Rahuri talukas who have been prosecuted have given bail and offered defence, and some of them have been taking part in subsequent meetings; they have been instructed by the District Satyagraha Committee not to offer defence. The National School boys of Ahmednagar took to spinning wheels and takli spinning of thread on June 16. Meetings for forest satyagraha were held in Akola taluka, the largest being of 450 on June 18 at Palkhunde. It was attended by Satta and Sardesai and by Rao Bahadur G. K. Chitale, pleader of Ahmednagar. Fifty blankets and 50 buckets were purchased at Ahmednagar on June 20 for satyagrahis at Sangamner. The satyagrahis at Sangamner were occupying the Gaorakshan, which was being used as a Panjrapol, and had, therefore, been assessed for non-agricultural use. The Collector took action under the Land Revenue Code and the satyagrahis have been turned out by the panchas, which has helped to widen the breach between the Brahmins and Marwadis. The satyagrahis are now occupying a temple and a math. There is talk of their moving to Akola for lack of support in Sangamner. Local leaders in Ahmednagar are making a laughing stock of Premraj Mukunddas Mutha for his timidity and fear of arrest. Meetings of 1,000 on June 16 and 750 on June 18 were held at Rahuri consequent upon the conviction of Satbhai. 715

Picketing of liquor shops continued Foreign liquor shops were also to have been picketed in Ahmednagar from June 22, but the application of the Picketing Ordinance seems to have caused the leaders to decide to have their strength for country shops. On June 16 picketers in Ahmednagar harassed a man who had been drinking ; a case has been sent up. (13) Poona, June 21.—Meetings held include the following : —

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 16th June Reay Market 350 To congratulate V. O. Kulkarni on his arrest. The speakers also called for picketers for liquor shops. 18th June Shaniwar 300 Foreign cloth and picketing of liquor shops. Wada Congratulations to leaders on their conviction and asking for picketers to volunteer. The Sub Inspector, Khed, mentions a meetings on June 14 in which Dosi Manila Hemchand of Shenoli (Satara district) and Chintaman Keshav Parkhi Bibi, spoke on rural grievances, and advocated disregard of the Forest Law and upsetting the present Government. The Police Patel reported the matter and further enquiries are being made. One Shah Bhogilal Gulabchand of Supa is said to have been in the plet with the two mentioned above. (14) Sholapur, June 21.—At Pandharpur on June 14 a meeting of 500 was held to protest against the conviction of one Bandu Ganesh Khadkikar of Pandharpur. At Akluj, Malsiras taluka, on June 18, a meeting of 150 was held to congratulate; a local agitator named Ratanchand Premachand who had been convicted. A hartal was also observed on that day. On June 14 and 15 there were processions at Pandharpur at which national songs were sung. (15)Satara, June 21.—As reported, last week, batches of volunteers either returned or released from Shiroda satyagraha salt camp, owing to its breakdown have been moving in batches from village to village carrying on propaganda, and this mainly accounts for the number of civil disobedience meetings numbering 60 this week, as against 53 last week. Contraband salt was, as usual, sold at 6 of these meetings by youngsters, and so no attention was paid to it. The main theme of oratory was the shortly expected general breach of the Forest Laws and by irresponsible strictures regarding the Simon Commission Report and advice to Government servants, especially the Police, to resign and join the movement. (16)Ratnagiri, June 21. —7 meetings were held during the week, of which the following 3 are important :—

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 16th June Shiroda 150 Dr. A. K. Bhagwat referred to the happenings at Sholapur, Peshawar, etc., and asked' the students to leave High schools and colleges. Simon Report was criticised, and advocated boycott of foreign cloth 716

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 11th June Malwan 200 Shripad Sadashiv Mahajan asked for volunteers to picket liquor shops. 12th June Malwan 250 Importance and utility of cow were explained and the people requested to help the fund and to abstain from tea taking. Rs. 20-4-0 were collected in the meeting. In all Rs. 53-4-0 at Malwan. (17)Ratnagiri, June 21.—Vithal Vishram Vichare of Rajapur and Janardan Murari Subhedar of Jaitapur with about 8 to 10 boys go along the town of Rajapur every morning and evening with national flag and singing national songs asking the people to work for the nation. (18)Kolaba, June 21.—There were 17 meetings during the week maximum audience 150. On June 15 at Pen 700 to 800 Gandhi caps were distributed free. This accounts, perhaps, for the Pen people being partial to this form of headgear. It is reported that Tukaram Savlaram Pansare has been urging people of Mahad to break the Forest Laws. Enquiries are being made about this. 25 men of Bhilji, Alibag taluka, cut and removed 27 forest trees. The culprits, who are known, are villagers and they were probably instigated by agitators. Enquiries into the matter are proceeding. 1137. Organisation. Bombay Suburban District, June 21.—A chhawani has been opened at Trombay and two volunteers from the Chembur Chhawani have been sent there. One Christian of Chembur Petroc Isaac joined the movement on the 19th instant. No other volunteers are forthcoming in the district up to the present, although the volunteers at Ville Parle Chhawani have several times been round endeavouring to obtain some. Pracharak Karya Shikshana Sanstha was opened in Ville Parle Chhawani on 20th. The object of this is to educate volunteers to become leaders of the movement and to understand the present situation in India. In consequence of the meeting held by Dr. Dandekar at Madh some 60 Kolis met to decide the question of giving up liquor and toddy. It was unanimously resolved to postpone the discussion. No funds were received in the Chhawani during the week. 1138. Ville Parle Chhawani. S. B. Bombay Presidency, Poona, July 5.—The salt pans and kiln in the Ville Parle Chhawani have been destroyed. Salt water is only brought on Sundays to the Chhawani. Picketing of liquor shops by women volunteers continues but is not very effective; the most effective form being social boycott. Dharmanand Kosambi, leader of the Shiroda Chhawani, has been appointed leader for the anti-forest law movement in place of Ramkrishnadas Buwa. All chhawanis in Maharashtra will be 717 informed of this iact by G. P. Kapadiya from the Bombay Congress House. 1140. Volunteers. (1)West Khandesh, June 14.—There are 292 volunteers in the Dhulia camp. The camp manager is one Yeshwant Vyankatesh Jawadekar. (2)S. B. Bombay Presidency, Poona, July 5.—No important enlistments of volunteers are mentioned, and with the coming of the rains it is likely that there will be defections rather than enlistments. Ahmednagar reports that 8 volunteers went to Akola from Sangamner and 8 volunteers arrived at Sangamner from Poona. Poona reports that 72 volunteers arrived from Ville Parle on June 10 and 87, including these 72, left the next morning for Sholapur. The volunteers also left the Poona camp in small numbers for Bombay (4) Belgaum (4) and Hubli (7) on June 23 and 24. There are now 65 volunteers in the satyagraha camp at Poona (June 28). (3) Poona, June 21.—The Deputy Superintendent of Police, E Division, reports the movements of 4 Sholapur flag satyagrahis as below :— 9th village Bavda under Indapur. 10th village Bori under Indapur. 11th village Sansar under Indapur. 11th village Nira under Baramati. 12th Nira-Poona. At all these places they held meetings and asked for money, but got little support. They said the main body (there were 36 in this lot at the outset had been arrested in Kurduwadi in Sholapur district. The following volunteers arrived at the satyagraha camp in Tilak Mahavidyalaya during the week : — 3 from Sholapur on June 16. 3 from Kolhapur on June 19. 2 from Dharwar on June 20. 2 from Satara Road on June 21. The following left the camp during the week : — 4 left for Dadar on June 16. 4 left for Bombay on June 17. 2 left for Dadar on June 17. 5 left for Belgaum on June 19. 4 left for Dadar on June 21. 3 left for Ahmednagar on June 21. 6 left for Dadar on June 21 . An example of the rudeness of outside volunteers was an unlawful procession of white caps and national flags, which emerged from the Tilak Smarak Mandir on June 20 and mingled at certain points with the big Alandi Palkhi procession, which moved through Poona that evening. Haribhau Vaghire is believed to have been the leader and organiser of tlvs demonstration, which resulted in the burning if some caps and in an assault on a motor driver. Owing to the City Police being engaged the time. It ended at Shaniwar Wada without holding a meeting. 718

(4)Sholapur, June 21.—Six volunteers on June 19, and three on June 21 arrived at Sholapur from Bijapur. One of these was convicted under Martial Law and the other under the Salt Act. (5)Satara, June 21.—Nine volunteers were newly enrolled and a batch if 18 left Satara for Poona on June 17. It was not possible to ascertain their final destination as their despatch onwards rests with the Provincial War Council. 1141. Swaraj Flag, Hoisting of the. (1)Thana, June 21.—The Congress flag was hoisted on several Local Board schools on June 21, the District School Board issuing circular orders that this should be done. (2)West Khandesh, June 21.—On June 19 Sidram Vedappa Kanade, a boy of about 11 or 12 years, hoisted a rashtriya flag on school No. 3. The head master removed it on the advice of the administrative officer Mr. Teli. All the boys went to Teli's house and demanded their flag much sensation was caused and a crowd assembled but on the Police intervening the flag was returned to the boys and the excitement subsided. Gangadhar Pralhad Bhat Joshi, Shamrao Narayan Nhavi, Narayan Ananda Wani and Hari Shivram, Marwadi, all of Phagna, taluka Dhulia, take 15 boys with them daily in the morning and evening and move about in the village with a national flag, singing rashtriya songs. On June 15 while they were thus moving they preached satyagraha of the Forest Law by cutting grass from the forest. (3) Ratnagiri, June 21.—At Ratnagiri on June 16 Sholapur day was observed by worshipping the national flag hoisted in front of the house occupied by Vishnu Ganesh Apte (now in jail). 20 men were present among whom Sadashiv Khando Altekar, pleader of Karad, district Satara, was also present. Altekar told the audience that there was no sedition in joining the Seva Dal (national service corps). 11 men of Ratnagiri have joined the Dal to learn discipline. 1142. Swadeshi Propaganda. (1) Poona, June 21.—Picketing of foreign cloth shops was started independently by women at four shops in Tulsi Bag and Shani Par on June 14 and 16, which was taken up by the Satyagraha Mandal, which proceeded to picket among others, the shop of K. G. Pashannkar the local agitator. Pashankar is very annoyed and complains that business is being driven from the city to the camp bazaar. On June 17, 33 shops were picketed and on June 18, 45. On June 18, the City Police prosecuted one Shiralkar, volunteer, for obstruction. He was fined Rs. 3 or 3 days' jail and went to jail. Several leaflets telling people not to buy cloth have been noticed. The picketers are fanatical youths, for the most part from other districts, and now residing at the satyagraha camp in Tilak Mahavidyalaya. They are indiscriminate in their methods and are picketing the Lokmanya Swadeshi Stores which profess to deal only in Swadeshi goods. (2) Ratnagiri, June 21.—Mahadeo Tukaram Walawalkar of Vengurla has started a Gandhi Service Sangha at Vengurla for spinning purposes. 719

1144. Resignation of Government Servants. Ratnagiri, June 21.—One Pandurang Vithal Karmarkar of Shirawali a village in Sawantwadi State, said to be serving in the Bombay High Court, is reported to. have resigned and has come to Kanakavli to carry on khadi propaganda. 1145. Boycott of Government Servants: Thana, June 21.—The house of Colonel Sir Beharam Nanavati at Bordi was boycotted from June 11 owing to the presence there of Antia, Deputy Superintendent of Police, Surat. Demonstrations took place on June 11 and 13. Some Parsis took part on the latter date. On June 10 a Parsi Panchayat well was polluted. The inmates of the house were subjected to such inconvenience and annoyance, until this was reported on June 15, from which day protection was given. The energies of the boycotters were directed towards ascertaining the sources from which supplies were obtained and persuading the provisioners to take part in the boycott. 1146. Temperance Movement. (1) Bombay Suburban District, June 21.—Only two processions took place form the Ville Parle Chhawani during the week, on the 15th and 21st. On the same day a procession of about 30 women calling itself prabhat jeri moved in Bandra for about an hour in the early morning. On several mornings of the week some 30 people of Versowa mostly boys processed singing songs. Since Sunday the 15th, the picketing of toddy shops at Parle has ceased. On the 16th some 50 or 60 women picketers accompained by a few men came to picket outside the Mamlatdar's office at Bandra. A police cordon had been formed and those women picketers, who were obstructing traffic, or broke through the police cordon, were surrounded until the auctions were finished. Three men volunteers who came there were prosecuted under District Police Act and fined Rs. 30 each. As they refused to pay they were sentenced to one month's simple imprisonment. On the following day although there was no proper auction some 30 or 40 women volunteers picketed outside the Mamlatdar's office. Eight men volunteers who accompanied them were arrested, tried and convicted under Section 4 of Ordinance No. V of 1930. The toddy shop at Ghatkopar was picketed for two or three days last week by two women of Ghatkopar. No volunteers arrived at or left from Ville Parle Chhawani during the week, so that there were 22 left in the Chhawani. A branch of the vanar sena or monkey army, has been formed in Ville Parle Chhawani which consists of some 30 boys under 12 years. (2) Nasik, June 21.—The liquor shop picketing continued in this area and in Nasik city. Sales are reported to have fallen substantially, and at Tarabad and Mulher the liquor shop contractors have given up keeping liquor for sale. In Nasik city, no trouble has occurred during the week at the shops, so far as is known. Generally speaking, it seems that the next movement to cause trouble 720 will be the breaking of Forest Laws in the north of the district, specially in Satana taluka. (3)West Khandesh, June 14.—Picketing of liquor shops continues at Dhulia, Nandurbar, Sakri and Taloda. There was no picketing at Dhulia on 10th and 11th. The villagers of Shirud, Khed, Arvi and Kusumba under Dhulia taluka has resolved to stop drinking, smoking cigarettes and using foreign sugar. The penalty for defaulter is a fine ranging from Rs. 1-4-0 to 21. (4)West Khandesh, June 21.—Picketing of liquor shops continues at Dhulia, Nandurbar and Taloda. Picketing of shop in Dhulia has slackened considerably on account of some tension between Brahmins and non-Brahmins. Some satyagrahis went to picket liquor shop at Nawapur on June 16 but the manager of the shop told them how unjust was their action as other shops in the taluka were not picketed. They listened to him and the picketing was stopped. Picketing at Dondaicha and Sindkheda is stopped. The shop at Nizampur, taluka Sakri, was picketed on June 16. (5) East Khandesh. June 21.—Picketing of liquor shops at Jalgaon, Pachora, Asoda and Erandol continues. The local Kunbis of Fattehpur have decided to boycott those who drink liquor. They have started a social boycott of Shyam Krishna, Kunbi, as he has refused to sign a no-drinking pledge. He has complained to the Magistrate of threats but no evidence is procurable. (6) Poona, June 21.—The Poona City Municipality met on June 17 under H. V. Tulpule and resolved before taking any active part in picketing to ascertain the opinions of the residents of different wards. Before June 16 (the auction day), Tulpule approached presumptive bidders, but could get no assurance from them not to bid. He then projected an assembly of 100 or more dissuaders at the Collector's Office, but only a few agitators, such as G. T. Joshi, K. T. Jadhav, Popatlal Shah, H. B. Waghire and K. G. Pashankar, turned up. Police arrangements had been made to deal with possible interruptions and the above persons were turned away. But the threats of intensive picketing had their effect and bidders would not come forward. The auction was postponed. On June 19, the liquor shops in Mit Ganj was picketed by Vishwanath Nana Fule, R. S. Naidu, Baboo Vithoba Kamathi and Ananda Namdeo Wayal. These volunteers also picketed the liquor shop in Nana Peth and Mangalwar Peth on June 21 for a few hours. Their motive was said to be ill- will against certain shop proprietors. (7) Satara, June 21.—Picketing of liquor shops has commenced in earnest at Satara city, Tarla, Masur and Targaon, and signs are apparent that this particular phase of the Civil Disobedience Campaign may spread to other parts of the district in the near future. With the exception of Tarla, no trouble has been reported from the other three places. As the picketers at Tarla carried their enthusiasm beyond reasonable bounds, six of them are being run in under Section 53 of the District Police Act. 721

(8) Kolaba, June 21.—Picketing of liquor shops continues in most towns and particularly in Panwel where a few Muhammadans assist Hindu picketers. In most places picketing is fairly easy on account of the caste system being utilised to encourage or enforce temperance. 160 Vol. XLIII. No. 28 of 1930. Bombay Presidency Police Abstract of Intelligence Poona, July 12, 1930. POLITICAL, POLITICO-RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL MOVEMENT 1168. Civil Disobedience Movement, General Summary. (1)Bandra.—Daily meetings with small audiences, usually about 50. The heavy rains during the week ending June 28 have considerably damped interest in the movement, though perambulating processions of boys and girls still take place. There has been no picketing of liquor shops at Ville Parle or Ghatkopar during the week. (2)Thana, Week ending June 21.—Villagers refuse to work in the forests in Manor range. It is feared there may be no bidding at the next forests auctions as contractors have not paid for the timber sent to Gujarat last year. (3)Nasik.—15 meetings with audiences of over 1,000 at Nasik (2 meetings). 1 at Satana on June 20 (1,500) and at Tilwan on June 20 (1,000). (4)East Khandesh.—44 meetings for week ending June 21, with audiences of over 1,000 at Amalner on June 18 and at Jalgaon on June 21. Prominent speakers have been Namdeo Ukha Mahajan, Ziprubuwa, Chotalal Veduse, R. D. Bhoge of Rawer, V. V. Bochare and V. R. Sharma. (5)West Khandesh.—26 meetings but with smaller audiences, maximum being 500. Appeals were made to the Hindus to join the movement but so far without success. (6)Ahmednagar.—Audiences small, forest satyagraha continues in Sangamner and Akola talukas and meets with some response. Prosecutions appear to have had a beneficial effect on the general situation. (7)Poona.—June 26 was observed as Bombay Day in Poona to protest against the alleged Bombay Police atrocities. The Poona students took part in a large procession estimated at about 20,000 in the afternoon and there was some disorder prior to this. R. G. Bhide threatened Government with bloodshed if non-violence failed to defeat Government. To soften down he observed that Government officers should not be attacked, but should be prevented from carrying out their functions. Tulple, municipal president, said that most of the Police atrocities were the work of Europeans as the Gandhi movement had created an awakening in the hearts of Indians in the Police. 722

Week ending July 5. The Poona Youth League celebrated Garhwal Day on July 1. A very large procession estimated at 15,000 was taken round prior to the meeting at Shaniwar Wada at which objectionable but guarded speeches were made. A three-day hartal of colleges met with some success especially in the colleges mentioned below where the normal attendance and the attendance on the third day of the hartal are given side by side.

Normal Hartal 3rd strength Day Fergusson College 1,100 90 Engineering College Diploma Classes 265 54

Engineering College Degree Classes 160 20 Deccan college 249 84

The first two days' hartal had little effect. On July 5 (Gandhi Day) a procession started in the afternoon to go to the Yerawda Jail. It was held up at the Bund Bridge en route", and joined by sightseers to the extent of about 10,000. The processionists remained seated on the road side and became riotous after that and jeered at and attacked the cars of some Europeans returning to Kirkee by that road. The mob was subsequently scattered by a lathi charge. (7)Sholapur.—Only one meeting at Pandharpur (week ending June 21). (8)Satara.—60 meetings for the week ending June 21, and 71 meetings in the following week. Several batches of volunteers moving from place to place account for some of these meetings. The boycott of Government servants and breach of the forest laws is advocated, and students are also pressed to leave colleges, and older agitators appear to be training students to take their place to avoid their own arrests. Forest satyagraha agitation may lead to further trouble among the illiterate villagers.

(1)Ratnagiri.—7 small meetings, audience 250. (2)Kolaba.—17 small meetings, maximum audience 150. 700 Gandhi caps were distributed free at Pen. 1169. Agitation. (1) Bombay Suburban District, June 82.—Prabhat feri processions were held at Malad, Versowa, Babhai (Borivli Police station) and Bandra. These were small affairs consisting of 20 small boys and girls. There was no picketing of liquor shops at Ville Parle or Ghatkopar during the week. At Chembur, 10 volunteers, and at Madh five volunteers, were prosecuted for picketing under Ordinance No. 7 of 1930. A hartal was observed at Chembur as a result of these prosecutions. 22 volunteers are still left permanently in the Chhawani. No volunteers came or went away. The leaders of the Chhawani daily visited either Lamington Road or Lower Parel Congress Houses. Four volunteers came to Ville Parte Chhawani to attend the Pracharak Shikshan Sanstha. A new Maharashtra Satyagrahi Chhawani has been opened at Nipani for the training of leaders. Two volunteers. B. Mohite and 723

V. V. Pharisaic were, sent there from Ville Parle on June 24. The subscription for joining this Chhawani is Rs. 15 a month. All the Ville Parle Chhawani volunteers have been busy spinning yarn and playing taklis. A private meeting was held in the Ville Parle Chhawani on June 27 by the leaders. The subject for discussion was that people did not appear to take interest in the campaign for boycotting foreign cloth, and the volunteer's duty was to collect foreign clothes and impress on the minds of the people the importance of boycott. Volunteers themselves did not take proped interest in their work; this was bad. This was the final struggle and if they did not get success, they would have to repent, and would be extremely trouble by Government. Another private meeting of women was also held on June 27 at the Chhawani when all women were requested to attend regularly. Women are now avoiding attendance although frequently requested. It is reported that 20 volunteers will be sent to Sangamner from Ville Parle to retake possession of that Chhawani. It is learnt that one Vithaldas Samaldas Mehta, a relation of M. B. Mehta, has demanded Rs. 500 from the Chhawani for the family of M. B. Mehta who has been sent to prison. The leaders of the Chhawani are considerably perturbed over this and are holding many discussions. The following letter about boycott is being sent to all the Chhawanis in Maharashtra : —" It has been settled by the Congress and other District Committees that a boycott week be observed from June 30. The boycott campaign has be going on for a long time, but people have not yet given up foreign cloth. It is, therefore, humbly requested that everyone should give up foreign cloth, which is as a poison to India, and wear Khaddar. Our boycott has had a tremendous effect on Lancashire, and Manchestor, and this is making Mr. Ben1 and others consider things. If, at this stage. India makes the boycott campaign successful, it will surely benefit. It is hoped that the people of India will not miss such a golden opportunity, but will isave their money by wearing khaddar and boycotting foreign cloth." The heavy rains of last week have considerably damped interest in this movement. (2) Nasik, June 28.—The following meetings were held during the week :

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 19th June Nasik 600 Regarding the national flag question 20th June Do. 800 Simon Commission Report and observance of hartal on the date of publication. 21 st June Do. 400 Meeting in honour of the hoisting of the national flag. Congratulations to Sub-Insoector Chaudhari of the Nasik Police on resigning his appointment.

1 Sir Wadgewood Ben, Secretary of State for India. 724

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 21st June Nasik 1,500 National flag question. 22nd June Do. 400 to 500 Present political situation and the aims of the Youth League. 23rd June Do. 450 Present political situation and the aims of the Youth League, Phadke, secretary of the Bombay Youth League, addressed the meeting and that of the 22nd. 24th June Do. 800 Condemnation of the behaviour of the Bombay Police and the publication of the II Volume of Simon Commission. 25th June Do. 600 Experiences of a volunteer who went to Sholapur for Flag Satyagraha. One Khare of Chiplun, Ratnagiri. 22nd June Sinnar 250 Speeches regarding the present movement. 20th June Vinchur 500 to 600 Do. 23rd June Do. 300 to 400 Do. 24th June Yeola 1,500 To congratulate the Bombay ladies on their courage, etc. 25th June Mulher 500 Forest satyagraha. 25th June Satana 1,500 Congratulations to forest Satyagrahis who were going to Nampur. 23rd June Sompur, 250 Forest satyagraha. Satana Taluka 25th June Antapur, 250 Do. Taluka Satana 26th June Tarabad, 500 Do. Taluka Satana 26th June Pimpalkbuta, 300 Do. Taluka Satana 29th June Nampur 10,000 National flag hoisting and forest satyagraha.

5 other small meetings were held in the district with an audience not exceeding 150, and the usual speeches were made. (3) East Khandesh, June 28.—Sadashiv Vinayak Bapat of Poona arrived in the district during the week and has been touring, giving one lecture which he has repeated at several places. The Shorthand Sub-Inspector was sent to report his speeches and he reported that he was present at six meetings which were addressed by S. V. Bapat and in each case the speech was word-for-word similar to the first that he had given. The District Magistrate has now issued an order under Section 144, C. P. C. prohibiting him from addressing lectures in, this district. Shankar Abaji Wagh of Dhulia. Sadashiv Moreshwar Wagh of Dhulia and Namdeo Thana Sonar of Nyahalcada, Dhulia taluka, arrived from West Khandesh of which they are inhabitants. 725

Processions with the Congress flag were taken out daily at Jalgaon, Erandol, Parola, Pimpalgaon, Lohara, Chopda and Yawal. On June 27 the students of all schools in the city of Jalgaon took out a procession of the Congress flag and hoisted it on several schools in the city. In the evening a big meeting was held to congratulate the students for what they had done. Of the 3 meetings reported, 16 were against the Forest Laws. Steps are being taken where possible against the speakers. (4) East Khandesh, June 28.—Meetings held include the following:—

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 22nd June Jalgaon 1,000 Propaganda to hoist the National Flag on municipal building. 23rd June Jalgaon 1,000 Do. Do. Amalner 500 S. R. Wagh and R. M. Jawakhedkar and T. R. Bhave spoke on the Forest Laws and boycott. 24th June Jalgaon 900 Hoisting the national flag. 25th June Do. 300 A meeting of women in the Baliram temple to express their disapproval of the lathi charges on women in Bombay. Do. Do. 800 Hoisting the national flag. 26th June Do. 1,000 Do. 27th June Do. 1,000 Do. Do. Erandol 700 Boycott of foreign cloth and goods. 28th June Jalgaon 1,000 Hoisting the national flag. There has been no slackening of the agitation against the Forest Laws. It anything, this is stiffening. It is now learnt that instructions have now been issued to the volunteers that they must not go in larger parties than two or three and that when they arrive at a village they should not collect a crowd but should talk to a few villagers at a time. This will make action under Section 117, I. P. C. rather difficult; instructions have been issued to all Village Police Patels that if they are unable to remain in the village for any reason, they must make arrangements with the village Police to report to him all new arrivals and their movements. The Police Patels in turn are to report to the Sub-Inspectors as early as possible so that the movements of the men may in this way be followed. One virulent pamphlet against the Forest laws came to notice at the end of last week and steps have been taken against the authors and against the printer. A toll naka contractor also reported to the District Magistrate that be had been warned by a person in khaddar and carrying the national flag that from July 1 arrangements had been made for all carts and motor buses to pass through tolls without paying the toll fee. He added that people would be put on the nakas to prevent the contractor and his 726 servants from stopping cars and carts. Nothing further has come to notice about this. Another leaflet came to notice warning forest contractors not to bid at Forest Department auctions as arrangements had been made to send hards of cattle into the grass kurans which would cause loss both to Government and contractors. (5)Sholapur, June 28.—At Akluj, Malsiras taluka, on June 26, a meeting was convened by three satyagrahis who had come from Poona. It was attended by about 100 persons. The meeting was addressed by one Shripad Malhar of Poona who told his audience to use khaddar and adhere to the principles of Gandhi. He also stated that the days of Government were numbered and that everybody should try to obtain swaraj. (6)Satara, June 28.—The movement is gradually taking root in the rural tract and amongst the illiterate villagers, and consequently a tense situation may be expected in the near future when forest satyagraha is launched, as it appeals to them more than any other form of breaking of the law. The situation, however, continues to be carefully watched. The civil disobedience propaganda continues to thrive gradually in the rural tracts of the district, and this is only due to the reason that the Police cannot pay the same attention to so many villages at one time as they could in bigger towns. Several batches of volunteers are moving from village to village, and this accounts for the number of meetings this week being 71 as against 61 in the last. Breach of the Forest Laws is being freely preached with impunity on the platforms, but those doing this are not reported to be carrying much influence over the public. Social boycott of the Police was also urged at some places. The innovation this week is the advice to students to leave their schools and join the movement1. It has been reported from one place that raw youths are being regularly trained in making vehement speeches by elders who, considering prudence to be the better part of valour, are purposely keeping themselves in the background. This is very probably due to the fact that the Police had promptly gagged those leaders who carried some influence over the people. Taken as a whole, this week's oratory would appear to be more virulent and rabid than before, and the District Superintendent is considering whether a few selected speakers should not be prosecuted to advantage. (7) Ratnagiri, June 28.—Seven meetings were held during the week With the exception of one at Malwan, the attendance of the others was 60 and under. None of them was of any importance. At the Malwan meeting the attendance was 250 Hindus. Ganesh Suryaji Bandivdekar, Bhandari of Malwan, and Shankar Krishnaji Gawankar, pleader of Malwan, described the effects of picketing liquor shops at Malwan. Though they did not bring about substantial ersults, it was hoped that they would succeed in course of time. A reference was also made to the no-tax campaign in Gujarat.

1 See earlier editor's note and matter in this volume. 727

(8) Kolaba, June 28.—The Movement, while not responsible for any incidents, is fairly widespread and strong, as exemplified by foreign gooos boycott, picketing and an increasing agitation against the Forest Laws. There were seven public meetings during the week with audiences of 30 to 250. Private meetings of merchants were held at Panwel, Alibag and Mahad. At Panwel it was decided to collect funds for injured volunteers, and to settle civil disputes by reference to the Congress committee. At Alibag and Mahad it was decided not to purchase foreign cloth for a period. At a public meeting at Mahad on June 26, the Simon Commission Report was condemned. 1170. Breaking of Forest Laws. (1) Thana, June 28.—A case of breaking the Forest Laws has occurred at Juchandra, Bassein taluka. Villagers cut down four trees, made one of them into a flag-pole and hoisted the Congress flag. Action is being taken under the Forest Act and I. P. C. against six of the foremost offenders. Forest contractors have formed an association in order to have their grievances redressed. If the Forest authorities are boycotted, Kathodis and other jungle workers will be unemployed, and an increase in crime will result. (2) Nasik, June 28.—No change has occurred in the names of those previously reported. Sitaramdas Shastri of Nasik appears to have been taking the most prominent part in moving about the northern and northeastern part of the district beating up recruits to join the forest satyagraha movement, and has been inciting people to break the forest law; he was arrested at Nampur and sent up for trial on the 1st July and sentenced to 6 months' rigorous imprisonment under Section 117, I. P. C, read with Sections 26 and 33 of the Forest Act by the First Class Magistrate, Malegaon. Pleaders Pathak and Shevale of Satana have also been taking a most active part in the meetings on forest satyagraha and action under Section 117, I.P.C., was taken also against the latter, and he was arrested. Before the case was proceeded with, he, however, made a complete apology for his behaviour and the District Magistrate permitted the withdrawal of the case. In Nasik city Dattatraya Yadav Pingle continues to take the lead of all meetings. Satana taluka has continued to show the greatest interest on the forest satyagraha movement and many large meetings have been held in the north of the taluka. At the meeting at Nampur on June 29, 10,000 persons are reported to have congregated and much enthusiasm was shown on the hoisting of the national flag there at the hands of Raghunath Hari Gadre of Nasik. During the week the most lively interest has been shown in Satana taluka over the proposed breaking of the Forest Act in that area. Numerous meetings have been held and there seems no doubt that the movement, has got a strong hold there. Action has been taken against Sitaramdas Shastri and Shevale, pleader, also has been proceeded against. Further action is also being taken against other leaders. During the week picketing has continued in Nasik town and in addition to the 2 country 728 liquor shops, the two foreign liquor shops have been picketed since June 30. In Satana taluka under Jaikheda Police Station the movement has been successful and certain shops nave now no sales. At Nandgaon also the liquor shop has been picketed since June 17. On June 24 the date or the publication ot the II Volume of the Simon Commission Report, a fairly complete hartal took place in Nasik town and a procession of some five to six tnousand persons among which were a large number of children took place. The school children absented themselves from all the vernacular scnools and the New English school; on the occasion attempts were made to picket the Government High school, but they were not successful in keeping out the main body of boys. (3) Ahmednagar, June 28.—At Shevgaon on June 27, the boys ot the Maratha School hoisted the national hag on the school, headmaster ordered its removal; result a hartal. Hartal was also observed on account of the arrest of Satta. An order under Section 48, District Police Act, has been issued for Ahmednagar city and camp, which has resulted in considerable diminution of morning rounds, processions, etc., both there and elsewhere, even though not applicable. The leaders have apparently decided not to take passes which would be freely given but are avoiding defiance of the order by sending out pitiful and very self-conscious batches of threes and fours. On the second day of arrests for picketing the crowd got rather excited, and cries of Police maro were heard ; the Sub-Inspector arrested 12 of whom 5 were prosecuted under Section 506, I. P. C. and 68, District Police Act, of a later batch of 6 arrests two were prosecuted under Section 68, District Police Act. Kundanmal Sobhachand Firodia, pleader of Ahmednagar, is keeping out of the movement on payment of Rs. 1,000. Similarly Kashinath Pandharinath Bhalerao has paid Rs. 200 and promised a year's income, if required. The following pleaders have been reported for action under the Pleaders' Act:—Uttamchand Ramchand Bogawat of Nagar, Keshav Raghunath Garud of Nagar and Moreshwar Digambar Vaidya of Kopargaon. Climatic conditions appear to be damping the enthusiasm for forest salyagraha in Sangamner and; Akola talukas and very little activity is reported. With the removal of Ramkrishna Buwa, Paregaonkar, Satta and Sardesai driving spirit seem to be lacking. A batch of propagandists were not allowed to hold a meeting in Narayan Dhon village in Ahmednagar taluka. Headmaster of the Maratha school at Rahuri gave a holiday for a procession which ended in the bonfire of foreign cloth on June 27. At Shrigonda a boy who cried out " Gandhi-ki-jai" was ordered to leave the class-room by the master; the boys of the class 5th, 4th and 6th followed him, numbering about 140 and went in procession with a flag. They attended school next morning. * * * 729

(4) Kolaba, June 28.—The cutting of forest trees in Alibag taluka reported previously was not deliberate nor were the culprits incited to commit this particular offence, but they required wood and were influenced by the trend of agitation. On June 18 a similar case occurred in the Panwel taluka where some teak trees were cut down by 26 Agris. The circumstances were similar. The Divisional Forest Officer is dealing with both cases. Vinayak Nilkant Upadhye has been making speeches in Alibag taluka and at Uran, urging disobedience of Forest Laws. As the seems to be the chief delegate for this form of propaganda, a case under Sections 117, I. P. C. and 64, Forest Act, is being registered against him. There are indications that the cattle-owners of Roha taluka would be ready to take advantage of any movement against Forest Laws. 1172. Volunteers. (1) Thana, June 28.—NO volunteers were enrolled during the week. The total number of volunteers who have enrolled in the district is 254. (2)Nasik, June 28.—During the week under report' a movement to collect volunteers at Nampur village under Jaikneda Police Station in Satana taluka has been in progress and altogether some 75 volunteers mostly from Nasik and the district have been collected in order to take part in the proposed Forest Act breaking which it is intended to start on or about June 15. The volunteers have been accommodated in a hired house in Nampur village which is to be the headquarters of the movement. (3)Ahmednagar, June 28.—The gathering at the flag service on June 22 was 1,500, but on June 29 it was only about 150. Crowds of 1,500 in the afternoon and 2,000 at night flocked to the station to see Satta on his way to jail, but he was diverted to Visapur by motor. Next day a procession of 1,500 was held followed by hartal. Schools were deserted and in the evening a procession of 1,200 boys went to the Vadia Park and passed a resolution to wear khadi shirts and Gandhi caps to school. The same evening a meeting of 2,000 (200 women) was held; the speakers rebuked, lack of discipline. A procession of 500 and hartal were also held in the camp for Satta. Other meetings were :— At Sangamner on June 25, audience 4 to 5 hundred to protest against arrest of Satta and decide to carry on the movement. At Rahata on June 25, audience 800. Attended by two "heroes" on bail. At Kopargaon on June 23, audience 1,500. Another bailee present. All other meetings were under 500. (4) Poona, June 28.—On June 22, the VI Satyagraha Mandal arranged a procession of women and girls which left Shivaji Mandir at 4-30 and arrived at Onkareshwar Temple at 6-30. Some 500 women took part, some carrying Swadeshi banners. At the temple Mrs. Yashodabai Bhat presided over the meeting which was addressed by Miss Kuvlekar, Mrs. A. Joglekar and others. Other similar, but smaller, women's meetings were held on June 25 at Vithoba Temple (Sadashiv Peth); on 730

June 27 at Jogeshwari Temple and on June 28 at Vithal Mandir (Shukrawar Peth). (5)Satara, June 28.—Five volunteers have been newly enrolled in the week. (6)Ratnagiri, June 28.—Out of the 6 satyagrahi volunteers at Mithbav. Deogad taluka, 4 have since returned home. Half a maund of cotton was brought from Poona and the boys at Mithbav are to be taught spinning by the remaining 2 satyagrahi volunteers. (7)Kolaba, June 28.—Vinayak Nilkanth Upadhye induced eight men at Uran to register as volunteers. 1176. Temperance Movement. (1)East Khandesh, June 28.—Picketing of liquor shops continues at Jalgaon, Asoda and Pachora. Chapter 1 of the Ordinance V of 1930 has been applied to eight of the talukas, and steps will be taken under it in the near future. (2)Ahmednagar, June 28.—On application of Picketing Ordinance, pickets were first withdrawn in Ahmednagar city ; but subsequently two to four picketers have been offered for arrest daily. In the camp picketing by women was s.opped and two volunteers are coming forward for arrest. Picketing from a distance has been attempted to avoid arrest. In Kopargaon picketing is being carried on from inside a private house ; at Belapur it has been stopped from June 26 ; at Rahuri picketing is to be done on abzaar day only. Picketing is being carried on at Pathardi by Koshtis, and Telis have resolved to bar liquor ; on June 23 seven accused were sent up under Sections 341 and 147, I. P. C, for obstruction and assault. Prior to the application of the Picketing Ordinance it had been decided to picket foreign liquor shops; this idea was however abandoned, and the leaders wished to conserve their energies for country liquor shops. (3)Ratnagiri, June 28.—On June 19 the liquor shops at Malwan were picketed under the leadership of Shripad Sadashiv Mahajan, in a peaceful way. The liquor shop at Khed was picketed from June 19 to 23 without creating any trouble. Numbers of people have given up liquor of their own accord and those who wish to indulge in it are not obstructed. (4)Kolaba, June 28.—While picketing continues in most large towns, the use of propaganda and the caste system has resulted in the spread of voluntary temperance. 1180. Congress Affairs. Tkana, June, 88.—Prabhat feri has been started in some of the larger towns. Youths and children go round some after day-break singing Congress songs. At Manor a Congress office has been opened in the house of Mukund Jivan Sankhe of Maswan. The office-bearers are: Adam Ahmad of Manor (president), Mukund Jivan Sankhe of Maswan (vice-president), Abdul Kadir of Manor (secretary), Bhimaji Ramchandra Dhangar of Manor (treasurer), and Narayan Ramchandra Yerankar of Manor (auditor). 731

1180A. Sttudents and Politics. Poona, June 28.—With the return of the students to the Poona Colleges, the Youth League which has been dormant has again come to the fore-headed by D. V. Divekar (vice-president) and N. G. Gore and R. K. Khadilkar (joint-secretaries). Small meetings were held on June 25 and 27, and a large conference, attended by over 1,000 students including women of the Tilak Smarak Mandir, on June 28. Two schools of opinion emerge-one in favour of immediate suspension of studies by ail students for 12 months, and the other in favour of merely a three days' college hartal and nominal enlistments as Congress volunteers in case of future emergency. The latter carried the day. It was also tacitly agreed to leave out school boys. The chief speakers at the Conference were K. N. Phadke who asked students tO enfist as soldiers in the war, D. V. Divekar, who wanted picketrs to extend into cantonment area to Whiteaway's shop, and Madhavrao Godbole (variously described as secretary of the Bombay Deccan Merchants Association and also as member of the Bombay Provincial Congress Committee) who outlined the scheme devised by Bhulabhai Desai and others in Bombay for utilising student services after training at a camp in Bombay. They did not want students to enrol one day and go to jail the next. There were parts of the Bombay presidency where the Ordinances were not in force. Twelve such districts would be chosen and 12 students sent to each of 12 talukas in such districts to awaken the people. That would mean about 150 students. Their work would be cloth boycott, hquor boycott, charkha and hand-looms, cultivators’ grievances, village panchayats, and finally civil disobedience. Poona, June 28.—June 26 was observed as Bombay Day to protest against the alleged Bombay Police atrocities when Nehru’s army was dispersed. A leaflet printed at the Chitrashala Press and bearing the names of V. V. Atikar, and G. A. Deshpande, was broadcast. It called on Poona’s, 10,000 students to come forward in the country's cause. * * * At 4-15 the procession, arranged by Congress people started from Shivaji Mandir headed by four persons on horse back, one being D. R. Dave of the Lokmanya Stores, Girls, women, the monkey army (small boys) and college students joined in. The procession swelled to about 20,000. At Shaniwar Wada speeches were given at threat centres, mostly against the Bombay Police and the Simon Commission Report. One B. G. Bhide threatened Government with bloodshed if non- violence failed to defeat Government. He went on to say that Government officers should not be attacked, but should be prevented from carrying out their functions. Tulpule, Municipal President, said that most Police atrocities were the work of Europeans, as the Gandhi movement had created an awakening in the hearts of Indians in the Police. He alleged that Police assaults were illegal. 732

161 Vcl. XLIII No. 29 of 1930. BOMBAY PRESIDENCY POLICE ABSTRACT OF INTELLIGENCE Poona, July 19, 1930. POLITICAL, POLITICO-RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL MOVEMENT 1198. Civil Disobedience Movement, General Summary. Thana.,—5 meetings for week ending July 5, with audiences varying from 100 to 250. The usual subjects were touched upon. Hartals were also observed at important places in the district on June 30 to protest against the arrest of Pandit Motiial Nehru. Nasik.—24 meetings ior week ending June 28, important ones being at Nasik on June 21 (1,500) and June 24 (8,000) when the question of the national flag, the condemnation of the Bombay Police and the Simon Report were discussed 1 meeting at Yeola on June (1,500), 1 at Satana in June 25 (1,300), 1 at Kempur on June 20 (10,000). At the last meeting the national flag hoisting and forest satyagraha were discussed. Audiences at the other meetings ranged from about 150 to 800. East Khandesh.—36 meetings of which 8 were in Jalgaon with an audience of 1,000. Breaking of the forest laws, hoisting of the national flag and the boycott of foreign cloth were the subjects discussed. West Khandesh.—30 meetings, important one being at Dhulia on June 20 with an audience of 600 when the question of the hoisting of the national flag on Local Board Offices, municipalities, etc., was touched on. The Police Patels of Mode, Khedle, Gunjali, Ashte, and Pandharpe all in Taloda taluka have resigned. Ahmednagar.—6 meetings. The congregation at the flag service on June 22 was 1,500, but on June 29 it was only about 150. Crowds of 1,500 in the afternoon and 2,000 at night flocked at the station to do honour to Satta who was convicted. Several meetings and processions were held in the district to protest against the conviction of Satta. Poona.—13 meetings in Poona City for week ending July 5, the most important of which was on July 1 Garhwal day which has already been reported in the last weekly letter. Women's meetings were also held on June 22, 25, 27 and 28 about 500 taking part. Sholapur.—1 meeting at Akluj, Malshiras taluka, on June 26, 100 persons attending. Satara.—74 meetings, many of which were held in villages by several batches of volunteers moving from village to village. Breach of the forest law was the principal subject and the social boycott of the Police was urged at some places. Students were also advised to leave schools and join the movement. It is reported that taken as a whole this week's oratory was more violent and rabid than before. The District Superintendent of Police is considering the prosecution of a few selected speakers. 733

Ratnagiri.—7 meetings, at one of which only the audience went up to 250. The usual subjects were discussed. Kolaba.—7 meetings with audiences ranging from 30 to 250. 1199. Agitation. (1) B. S. D., Bandra, July 5.—Numerous processions took place throughout the week, at most places in the district, particularly at Ghatkopar, Chembur, Borivli, Bandra and Malad they varied in size from 5 to 6 to 30, chiefly small boys. On several days of the week some 200 Gujarati women, boys and girls went in procession in Ghatkopar. At Kurla, Borivli, Andheri, Bandra, Parle and Santa Cruz children left their schools on July 1, 2 and 3 for processing with flags and usual Congress slogans. Hartal was observed at Ghatkopar, Kurla and partial one in Borivli and Bandra on July 1 and 5, owing to the arrest of Pandit Motilal Nehru and Gandhi day. Ville Parle Chhawani entirely stopped work on July 1 and 2 as a protest against the arrest of Motilal Nehru. Chembur school was closed for the whole day on July 2 for the same reason. There was no picketing of liquor shops except at Chembur, where a few women volunteers picketed. There was no change in volunteers in Ville Parle Chhawani during the week. The leaders of the chhawani visited one or other of the Congress houses in Bombay daily. School boys hoisted national flag on the schools at Babhai and Kurla on July 1, but in the first case the school master took it down and in the second place the municipal authorities did so. On July 5 a volunteer, by name Vrajlal Girdhar Parekh of Ghatkopar, gave to a Police Constable in Ghatkopar a Gujarathi pamphlet in which the Police were invited to resign from their service and join the present movement. He was sentenced to three months' rigorous imprisonment under Section 3 of Act XXII of 1922. * * * There is an increase in the number of so-called national flags, but there does not appear to be an increased interest in the movement. The Gujaratis still take a keen interest but those of other communities who were formerly interested have ceased to be so. (2) Thana, July 5.—Meetings: —

Date Place Attendance Subejcts (1) (2) (3) (4) 29th June Sanjan, Police- 100 M. Mancharsha Karbhari, M. L. C, of Sanjan, Station Umber- presided and advised contractors not to take gaon. up toddy shops licences this year as they would be unprofitable. 734

(3) Nasik, July 5.—The following meetings were held during the week—-

Date Place Attendance Subjects (1) (2) (3) (4) 1st July Nasik 1,200 Congratulations to Pandit Motilal Nehru and Dr. Sayad Mohommad on their arrest at Allahabad. 28th June Bhagur 200 To protest against the Simon Commission Report and to pass resolution to hoist the national flagi. 2nd July Do. 300 to 400 To protest against the arrest of Pandit Motilal Nehru. 5th July Do. 300 to 400 To observe Gandhi day. 2nd July Dindori 100 to 125 Simon Commission. 10th June Sinnar 150 Present movement. 5th July Do 150 To celebrate Gandhi Day. 2nd July Do. 800 To protest against the arrest of Motilal Nehru. Do Vinehur 100 To congratulate Motilal Nehru. 9th June Saikheda 150 Picketing of the liquor shop. 25th June Do. 200 Present Situation. 27th June Yeola 300 Story of the lathi charge by the Police on the Esplanade Maidan Bombay, on June 21st. 1st July Do. 3,000 To congratulate Motilal Nehru on his arrest. 29th June Nandgaon 300 to 400 To get support for the movemennt to boycott foreign cloth etc. 1st July Do. 1,000 To congratulate Molilal Nehru on his arrest. 8th June Satana 1,000 Congratulations to Vallabhbhai Patel on his release, etc. 3rd July Do. 100 Forest satyagraha and to get held for volunteers at Nampur. Do. Do. 400 Congratulations to forest satyagrahisr. 30th Jnne Do. 250 Congratulations to Shcvle, pleader and Sitaramdas 2Shastri on their arrest. 28th June Sompur 100 Forest satyagraha. 29th June Nampur 10,000 Hoisting of national flag and forest satyagraha. 2nd July Nampur 100 to 125 Congratulations to Motilal Nehru 29th June Kanashi 200 Grazing fees. Further action is being taken against some other leaders for inciting the people to break forest laws. In the same taluka some 33 Police and Revenue Patils have submitted their resignations to the District and Sub-Divisional Magistrates. Boycotting of Government servants in the same taluka is also being practised and the Police and Forest Officers have been finding difficulty in getting supplies. Dattatraya Yadav Pingle continues to take a leading part in the movement in Nasik city and Dr. Khadilkar of Nasik also shows considerable interest and has been taking part in the meetings held at Nasik and in Satana taluka. 735

Satana taluka has continued to show the greatest interest on the movement of forest satyagraha and numerous meetings have been held in the taluka at which considerable enthusiasm has been shown. During the week some 11 volunteers from Nasik proceeded to Nampur village to take part in the forest satyagraha movement which is in progress in the Satana taluka. At present these volunteers who are collected at Nampur are engaged visiting villagers of the taluka and the neighbouring talukas of Malegaon and Kalwan trying to get up interest of the villagers over the forest movement. Some 75 volunteers or possibly rather more are now congregated at Nampur in the house which has been hired for their lodging. (4) West Khandesh, June 28.—Meetings held include the following: —

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) June 20 Dhulia 600 This meeting was called in order to settle the question of hoisting the national flag on the institution managed by the public, such as Local Board schools, offices and municipal buildings. The only fear which the speakers had was that Government would cease their aid. But it was unanimously decided to. hoist such flags, and one will be hoisted on the municipal office. fune 19 Ner, Dhulia 125 The photograph of Gandhi was exhibited. The subjects Taluka were boycott of liquor, Police Patels to resign, to break Forest Act, etc. June 19 Khede, 60 Land revenue should not be paid, Government servants Dhulia should be boycotted, jail should not be feared. Taluka Government have no trust in the Indian army. An Indian soldier gets Rs. 18 pay while a European gol Rs. 95. June 22 Naive, 75 Kashinath Onkar, Bhat of Mod, Taloda taluka wanted to Nandurbar collect volunteers to break the Forest Laws. Taluka. (5) East Khandesh, July 5.—Meetings held include the following: —

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) June 27 Savda 200 Ramdas Khandu Mopari sold some contraband salt to 4 persons. He asked the audience to join the Forest Satyagraha. June 29 Amalner 800 S. V. Bapat spoke on boycott. June 30 Jalgaon 2,000 V. V. Bochare asked that 300 persons should be prepared to lay down their lives to bring the District Magistrate and the District Superintendent of Police to their senses. 736

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) June 30 Bhadli, 800 The Civil Disobedience Movement and Forest Satyagraha . Jalgaon Taluka Do. Erandol 800 To condemn the action of the School Master for expelling the boys who had worn Congress badges and to advise the boys to boycott schools. July 1 Do. 400 Do. July 5 Jalgaon 300 V. V. Bochare asked the audience not to obey the orders of the District Magistrate under Section 144 C. P. C., and to hold procession and hoist the national flag on the Municipal building. Of the 32 meetings held during the week, ten were against the Forest Laws and calling for volunteers for the breach of them. * * * Daily processions of Congress volunteers and other small boys and girls carrying the Congress flag were taken through the town of Jalgaon, Bhadgaon, Yawal, Chopda and Pimpalgaon. On June 30 and July 5 processions of Congress volunteers with the Congress flag were taken round Jalgaon town in honour of the 30 persons arrested on June 30 and also to act as propaganda for the hoisting of the national flag on the municipal buildings. On June 30 there was a procession at Erandol with the Congress flag when it was eventually raised on the school building. There was a similar occurrence at Parola on July 4. Processions in honour of Pandit Motilal Nehru's arrest were taken out at Raver on July 2, Dharangaon on July 1, and Pachora on July 1. There was a procession at Chalisgaon, date not known, to protest against the arrest and convictions of Modak of Poona and Chandali of Chalisgaon. On July 2 the Congress flag was hoisted on the school buildings of the K. E. High School at Amalner, but though the headmaster has lodged a complaint, he refuses to identify anyone. A flag was also hoisted on the municipal building on the same day. Hartals to protest against the arrest and conviction of Pandit Motilal Nehru were observed at Jalgaon, Parola, Erandol, Chalisgaon, Pimpalgaon and Amalner. (6) West Khandesh, July 5.—Meetings held include the following: —

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4)

July 1 Pimpalner 200 Boycott of Government servants, the non-payment of taxes and grazing fees. Shankar Babashet Kesar of Pimpalner, and the two volunteers who spoke were arrested under Section 117, I. P. C., read with the Forest Act. 737

Processions were held as follows in the district during the week. A national flag was taken in procession and hoisted on the school in Hyahalod, Dhulia taluka. A black flag procession was taken through the village ot Dondaicha, Sindkheda taluka, as a protest against the Simon Commission Report and was burnt and the following day the national flag was taken in procession and hoisted on the school of the village. The national flag was taken in procession through Sindkheda town by boys and hoisted on the school. The national flag with Gandhi's photograph was taken through the village of Nizampur, Sakri taluka, by 40 to 50 boys. The flag was taken in procession through Nandurbar town and was hoisted on the Municipal Schools. Women of Dhulia took out a black flag procession as a protest against the arrest of Motilal Nehru. The public of Ner are still hostile towards the Police. A party of 20 policemen, while returning to Dhulia on June 27 from Akkelpada, could not get any eatables" from the shop till the Outpost Head Constable arranged to get them something from one of the shops. As almost all the Police Patels have joined the movement in Sakri Taluka Patang Raoji, Police Patel of Pimpalner, declared at a meeting in Pimpalner that he would not go against the public. On June 29 there was a meeting at Deopur. * * * On June 30, 14 political prisoners were brought from Jalgaon. A crowd of 300 to 400 had gathered. Again on July 2, 23 prisoners were brought and attracted a similar crowd. * * * (7) Ahmednagar, July 5.—At a meeting of 2,000 including 200 women in the Bagdi theatre on July 1, Rao Bahadur Ganesh Krishna Chitale expressed doubts as to how long people would remain non-violent in the face of provocation, he was careful to end on a note of restraint. Another meeting with an audience of 2,500 (200 women) was held in the Gandhi Maidan on July 5 on Gandhi Day. Meetings of 850 on June 30, 550 on July 3 and 750 on July 4 were held at Rahata ; at the two latter meetings speeches were delivered by Dr. Jani Prabhuti of Bombay. Meetings of 750 in the morning and 450 in the evening were held at Pathardi on July 5 when the crowd demonstrated outside the Court when the picketers' case was called for trial. At the latter meeting one Aprapbai, wife of Rastumrao Patil, who is said to have great influence with Pathardi Hindus, spoke. A meeting of 300 was held at Deolali under Rahuri Police Station on July 5, and flag procession taken out. The Forest Satyagraha Bulletin is again being issued at Sangamner; action is being taken. 738

Propaganda for forest satyagraha continued in Sangamner and Akola Talukas ; it was reported that the campaign was to open on July 10. Action is being taken to deal with leading propagandists. A meeting of 1,500 was held at Kopargaon on July 11. Except for the threat of forest satyagraha, the situation continues to improve. * * * Hartal was observed at most places on July 1 and 2 on account of the arrest of Pandit Motilal Nehru. * * * General support is diminishing except in Sangamner and Akola talukas, where propaganda is intensive and the idea of free grazing has an obvious appeal. (8) Poona, July 5.—Meetings held include the following : —

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) July 1 Shaniwar Wada, 700 A big procession of boys and girls and men and Poona City women was taken out from the Shivaji Mandir to celebrate Garhwal Day. When it reached Shaniwar Wada, three centres were opened for delivering speeches. R. G. Bhide incited the audience to disobey all unjust laws. N. G. Gore said that they must tell their military men not to open fire on or attack with lathis their own countrymen; that the military should flatly tell their officers that they were meant for fighting with foreign invaders and not for killing their own children. K. G. Pashankar reminded the Marathas of their old chivalrous deeds. G. R. Inamdar said that Garhwal Day would be properly celebrated only when the Poona Rifles would turn their muzzles to the ground. Champutai Agarkar asked the audience to create such a situation in Poona that Martial Law would have to be declared. Popatlal (volunteer) said that the C. I. D. had better eat thorns than serve the Government and work against their own brothers. V. V. Atitkar asked them to break all unjust laws, not to pay the land tax; to boycott all British goods and to create reaction among the military. Jogdeo (volunteer) concluded the meeting by saying that all should enlist as Congress volunteers. 739

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) July 1 Shaniwar 3,000 H. V. Tulpule, the president, congratulated the Garhwallis Wada, Poona for their courage in refusing to carry out the illegal City orders issued by their superiors. R. K. Khadilkar also congratulated the Garhwalis, and Pandit Motilal Nehru on his arrest and said that they should advise me in the Military and Police to disobey the orders of their officers and not to fire on their brothers by whom they are fed. July 3 Tilak Mandir, 500 The president was Mrs. Lilavati who had come to Poona to Poona City see her husband in the Yeravada Jail. She delivered a speech before the students of schools and colleges and described the atrocities of the Police at Dharasna, Shiroda, Bombay and other places, condemning the martial law at Sholapur, and the Simon Commission Report. N. G. Gore read out resolution Nos. 7, 9 and 11 of the Working Committee. A. K. Bhat said that the students would picket the Council Hall on July 7. This meeting was arranged on behalf of the Youth League. July 5 Jumma 300 Maulavi Maulana Atta Ulla Bukhari of Meerut made an Mosque, anti-Government speech. He described how the Turks Ravivar Peth, were molested by Britain in the Great War; how they Poona City. created trouble between Arabs and Jews in Palestine in consequence of which many Arabs were hanged, how 400 Muhammadans were shot down on the border of Peshawar; how the Sarda Act was passed without their wishes; how the Simon Commission was hopeless for them. The Round Table Conference was, he added, a mere farce. Finally he urged the Poona Muhammadans to join hands with the Hindus and take part in whatever they were doing in the present struggle.

About 400 school students met in the Tilak Mandir on the evening of June 30 and were advised by D. V. Divekar to observe only one day's hartal (not three days' as decided by the University Students' Conference). (9) Sholapur, July 5.—At Akluj, Malsiras taluka (audience 400), a meeting was held on July 2, conducted by volunteers from Satara and Sangli State. The principal speaker was one Balkrishna Sitaram Shrotri 740 of Wai who stated that after Martial Law was declared at Sholapur firing took place and many lives were lost. (10) Satara, July 5.—Although the number of meeting has this week dropped to 52 against 71 of the week preceding, no signs are yet apparent of the political situation brightening up. Several batches of young intrepid volunteers trained in the insidious propaganda are moving about in the rural tracts reciting poisonous anti-Government slogans and vehemently preaching to the easily beguiled rural population to set at nought the Forests Laws and boycott all that is either foreign or in the service of foreigners. Students are being patted as the likely saviours of their country and are being weaned to join the movement. Two anti-civil disobedience campaign meetings were held this week. One was held at Khed Budruk near Lonand in Koregaon taluka and the other at Tasgaon. In the former the conveners some local Talatis and Police Patels denounced the present Civil Disobedience campaign, eulogised the present administration and requested Government for the reinstatement of Vatandar Kulkarnis in place of Talatis. The latter was convened by the untouchables who openly expressed that so long as the question of untouchability was not solved by the higher castes they would not make common cause with them but be loyal to the British Government. (11) Ratnagiri, July 5.—Meetings held include the following:-

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) June 29 Malwan 350 Govind Vithal Vaze said that in order to make the agitation a success illiterate villagers must be educated, and called for help in the matter; and he would work on, even without help, to educate the villagers.

June 29 Pirawad, a 500 mostly The audience was asked to abstain from drink till hamlet of fishermen. leaders, like Gandhi, were released and to boycott Achra, Government officials. Malegaon Taluka July 2 Ratnagiri 265 Congratulations to Motilal Nehru on his arrest and a resolution of protest passed. July 3 Malwan 2,000 The reasons for the arrest of Motilal Nehru and Dr. mostly Sayyad Mahomed were given and the audience school boys exhorted to stick to Swadeshi and spinning. The meeting was preceded by a procession. June 29 Ratnagiri 550 Resolutions were passed protesting against the conduct of the Police in Bombay, the severity of punishments inflicted on Shiroda satyagrahis and congratulating the sepoys of the Garhwal Regiment for refusing to fire on an unarmed mob in Peshawar. 741

1200. forest Agitation. (1) Kolaba, July 5.—From the point of view of the movement Alibag has increased in importance, especially in relation to the new phase of Forest Law Agitation. This is largely due to the efforts of D. K. Kunte and V. N. Upadhye. Propagandists for the district appear to have received training at the Alibag camp. Efforts continue to extend the movement to other than the leading towns, e.g., Karjat, and to the Roha and Alibag talukas. Owing to the Congress boycott week the propaganda in favour of the boycott of foreign goods has had a fairly general success. There were about a dozen ceremonies of flag hoisting on schools or in villages. Rounds and processions are rather more general. There was a complete hartal in every large town on the occasion of Motilal Nehru's arrest. There were 20 meetings average audience 200 individually unimportant. Forest satyagraha leaders appear to be confining their activities to propaganda and speeches, postponing definite action until Congress gives the word "go". (2)Poona, July 5.—On July 1, the Poona Youth League arranged a procession from the Shivaji Mandir. The City Congress Committee and the Satyagraha Mandal also announced a procession for the arrest of Motilal Nehru. The hartal was poorly observed until the afternoon. A very large procession started from Shivaji Mandir, headed by women and girls, then small boys and men. The processionists made a point of marching in silence so as to demonstrate their discipline. About 15,000 persons are said to have taken part. At Shaniwar wada there were three centres for speeches. The speeches were objectionable but guarded. Tulpule and others arguing that troops and Police who refused to attack non-violent demonstrators on the orders of their officers, were really loyalists and their officers seditionists. Premchand Varma and M. I. Patel of cantonment took out a pseudo Swadeshi procession in cantonment and wanted to go into the military area but were turned back by the Deputy Superintendent of Police City Sub-Division, as they had given no previous intimation. (3)Sholapur, July 5.—On occount of the arrest of Motilal Nehru hartal were observed at Barsi and Kondej (Karmala taluka). There were also processions at the latter place from July 2 to July 4. 1203. Gandhi Day Celebration. Poona, July 5.—Unsigned leaflets were distributed on July 5 about the Gandhi Day procession being taken from Shivaji Mandir to Yeravda. The procession started from the Shivaji Mandir with 22 women, about 50 satyagrahis and 100 lookers-on. On its way, it swelled to about 1,600. When it reached the Bund Gardens it was about 500 strong. Here it was held up and told to disperse.Instead the crowd decided to sit down, send for food and reinforcements from the city and try to wear out the Police. Shops in the city closed and the scene became a place of popular resort and violent political demonstration. Various leaders tried 742 to get the procession through in part or in toto. About 1 a.m. stones were thrown at a car containing Europeans and soon afterwards the crowd advanced on the Police cordon and had to be driven back. The retreat became a rout, and processionists hurried back home in two sections one to the cantonment and the other to the city. 1204. Bombay Day Procession. Ratnagiri. July 5.—Bombay Day processions were taken out at Malwan and Ratnagiri on June 28 and 29, respectively, and processions on account of the arrest of Motilal Nehru were taken out at Ratnagiri on July 2 and at Kanakavli and Rajapur on July 3. 26 meetings in all were held during the week. Most of them expressed resentment at the excesses on women by the Police of Bombay. Some were to protest against the arrest of Pandit Motilal Nehru and some for the release of Vallabhabhai J. Patel. In most of them boycott of foreign goods, liquor and tea was preached, and hand spinning advocated. With the exception of five meetings the attendance at the others was 200 and under, and were of no importance. Batches of boys singing national songs go about every morning in the town of Ratnagiri. Such rounds by boys have commenced of late at Guhagar and Chiplun. 1204-A. Youth League Activities. S. B. Bombay Presidency, Poona, July 12.—The joint secretaries of the Poona Youth League walked into the City Police Station in the evening of July 6 to give 12 hours' notice of the procession to picket the Legislative Council opening and prevent ingress of elected members. They were arrested and charged the next day under Sections 143, 341 and 117, I P. C. This checked their enthusiasm to some extent for the procession to Council Hall the next morning. However, the next morning about 1,500 youths formed themselves into a procession and proceeded from the city towards the Station Road but were held back by Police cordon near the Sasson Hospital and after waiting till about an hour they went back quiet and dispersed after speeches. Several of the picketers, however, managed to go to the quarters of several members including two to the Ministers and started a show of picketing. They were, however, soon rounded up. One S. B. Mehendale, a college student, has taken the lead soon after Khadilkar and Gore's arrest. He calls himself dictator and has been issuing leaflets and bulletins stigmatising Council and Assembly members as mannikins, reactionaries, etc. The enrolment of volunteers on behalf of the Youth League for the Poona boycott week, which is soon promised, continues. 1206. Organisation. West Khandesh, June 28.—New shibirs (satyagraha camps) have been opened at Kusumbe, Dhulia taluka, Sakri and Dang Shirwada, Sakri taluka. 743

1207. Ville Parle Chhawani. (i) Bombay, July 5.—The usual meetings were held daily throughout the week at the Chhawani. The audience were between 50 to 100, except on July 4 morning when Vallabhbhai Patel visited the Chhawani. On this occasion there were nearly 2,000 people present, or which about 1,800 were Gujaratis. The chief speakers were—Vrashabhadas Jaweri, Abdulla Rahimtulla, Ratilal Chaturbhuj, Balwant Dattatraya Phansalkar and Vallabhbhai Patel. In all the speeches the audience were requested to take part in boycott week and boycott British goods. Government must be driven mad by their shouting Swaraj, Swaraj. Government intended to ban meetings, processions, plying taklis and wearing khaddar, etc., but these must be defied. The enthusiasm of Bombay people was encouraging but sorrow was expressed at the attitude of the suburbanites who appeared to have lost interest. It was especially regretted that the Dakshani people were not taking part in the movement now, and ladies were daily requested for the last time to come to the Chhawani and do picketing. Vallabhabhai Patel spoke of his experiences in jail and tried to impress on his audience the fact that there was no difference between their home and jail. A prisoner was given every comfort and so nobody should be afraid of going to jail. He was not fully acquainted with the Maharashtrians but he wished to impress on Gujaratis that he had taken an oath to fight with Government until the whole of Gujarat had perished under the oppressive laws of the present Government, and he wanted every Gujarati to take a similar oath. If Maharashtrians and Gujaratis forgot their differences and combined, they would get swaraj in a week. All students should give up their education which was not wanted. He urged the audience to take an oath to boycott foreign articles and remain non-violent. Government had lost all power and if they showed courage at such a critical time they would surely get swaraj. (2) Ghatkopar.—There were three meetings at Ghatkopar, two at Chembur, one at Bhandup and Trombay. Audiences varying 20 to 150. Chief speakers.—Kripalji Shamji Jiwane of Ghatkopar, Chandulal Vrajlal Desai of Ghatkopar and Achyut Yashwant Sawant of Chembur. The speeches all dwelt on the boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, atrocities of Government and regrets for the arrest of so many leaders. 1211. Indian National Volunteers. West Khandesh, June 28.—Nagindas Ghelabhai of Nandurbar has enlisted. The number of volunteers on the roll at Dhulia is 311, but only 10 are actually at the camp. 40 have gone towards Sakri side ; 2, 4 and 1 towards Kusumbe, Arvi and Kapadne (Dhulia Taluka) side, respectively, and 4 towards Shirpur, Shahada and Sindkheda side. All the rest have gone to their respective villages and will be called up when required. 744

1212. Swadeshi Propaganda. Nasik, July 5.-The Sub-Inspedtor of Yeola reports that on June 26 at a women's meeting held at Yeola some Rs. 125 were collected from the audience towards the opening of a swadeshi cloth store to supply cloth for women. The Sub-Inspector, Kalwan, reports that during the week Rs. 275 were collected in Kalwan towards the expenses of the party of volunteers sent from Kalwan for forest satyagraha at Nampur. 1213. Temperance Movement. (1)Nasik, July 5.—As regards the picketing of liquor shops this has continued in Nasik city during the most of the week ; it was stopped then for a day or two and then re-started, picketing has also started at Manmad and some few other places, so far with no untoward result. (2)West Khandesh, June 28.—Picketing of liquor and toddy shops is in progress at Dhulia and Dondaicha (Sindkheda taluka), Nandurbar and Taloda. The liquor shops at Nizampur and Navapur were picketed on June 21. West Khandesh, July 5.—Picketing of liquor shops is going on at Dondaicha and Nandurbar. Toddy and liquor shops at Dhulia were picketed, but there was no force in it. (3) East Khandesh, July 5.—Picketing of the liquor shops at Jalgaon and Asoda was stopped during the week. Picketing of Lohara liquor shop, under Pimpalgaon Police Station, and at Pachora continues. (4) Ahmednagar, July 5.—Nominal picketing continued at Ahmednagar city and camp, volunteers being offered for arrest. It is also being carried out at Kopargaon, where action is being taken. At Pathardi 7 satyagrahis and others have been prosecuted for restraining and subsequently assaulting a customer of the liquor shop. Delay in the disposal of the case encouraged the disaffected element, and when one of the same accused was again prosecuted in connection with picketing a large crowd attended the Court and as the accused would not attend unless the crowd was allowed in the case was adjourned. (5) Ratnagiri, July 5.—At Malwan about 12 persons have taken to picketing liquor shops and sing temperance songs near them. Vithal Vishram Vichare of Rajapur has been advising the people to abstain from drink by visiting villages or hamlets of low-caste people. No direct methods have been employed. At Chiplun the picketing of liquor shops has been started from June 27 by 4 persons of whom 3 are from Khed. The picketers stand in the bye-lanes near the shop and advise the customers not to drink. At Khed picketing of liquor shops has been started from June 19. There are in all about 12 local persons of whom 6 to 8 daily engage themselves in picketing. They only advise customers to refrain from drink, explaining to them the evil effects thereof. Up-to-date there has been no trouble or complaint. The Balwant of June 25 publishes a great reduction in the liquor sale at Khed and the participation in picketing by Muhammadans at Khed. This is not true. The Muhammadans of Khed have so far held themselves aloof from the 745 campaign. The farming season having commenced the people have no time for anything else but cultivation, and the sale of liquor has diminished as usual and not on account of picketing. 162 Vol. XLIII No. 30 of 1930 BOMBAY PRESIDENCY POLICE ABSTRACT OF INTELLIGENCE Poona, July 26, 1930. POLITICAL, POLITICO-RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL MOVEMENT 1247. Civil Disobedience Movement, General Summary. (1) S. B., Bombay Presidency, Poona, July 12.—The only districts which show an increase of visible agitation, as evidenced by the number of meetings, are Belgaum, Ratnagiri and Kolaba. In all other districts the number of meetings reported appear to have fallen. This is partly due to monsoon conditions and also probably to the political situation being not quite clear at present to the local leaders of the Civil Disobedience Movement. The attempts of well-known Indian leaders to have interviews with Gandhi at Yeravda Jail evince interest and local leaders appear to be awaiting the results of these interviews. Brief detail of the meetings held in the different districts are as under :— (1)Thana.—Few activities are reported and only a meetings with attendances below 250 (week ending July 5). (2)Bandra.—Processions and hartals only are reported, the latter owing to Gandhi Day and the arrest of Pandit Motilal Nehru. (3)Nasik.—Week ending July 5. 24 meetings with audiences over 1,000 at Nasik, July 1 (1,000), Yeola, July 1 (3,000), Nandgaon, July 1 (1,000), Satana, June 28 (1,000), and Nampur, June 29 (10,000). Boycott of Government servants is being encouraged in Nasik taluka and Police and Forest officers find difficulty in getting supplies. Satana taluka is active in forest satyagraha. (4)East Khandesh.—32 meetings, largest attendance Jalgaon, June 30 (2,000). Many of the meetings called for volunteers for breach of the forest laws. (5)West Khandesh.—Only 4 meetings are reported with small attendances. Breach of the forest laws, the non-payment of taxes and boycott of Government servants are being preached. (6)Ahmednagar.—8 meetings, only one attendance over 1,000 at Kopargaon, July 1. Propaganda for free grazing in forests has an obvious appeal to the peasants in Sangamner and Akola talukas. (7)Sholapur.—Only one meeting is reported at Akluj, Malsiras taluka, on July 2, which was conducted by volunteers from Satara and Sangli 746

State. Principal speaker Balkrishna Sitaram Shrotri, who said the Government servants should be asked to resign and that laws of Government should be disobeyed. (8)Satara.—The number of meetings has dropped to 52. Two anti-civil disobedience meetings are reported which were held by local Taiathis and Police Patels, who requested Government to reinstate Vatandar Kulkarnis in the place of Taiathis. (9)Ratnagiri.—26 meetings only, one with a large attendance at Malwan (2,000), mostly school boys. (10) Kolaba.—20 meetings, average attendance 200. Forest law agitation is being given attention to in Alibag. 1248. Agitation. (1) Bombay Suburban District, July 12.—Prabhat feri processions, consisting in the most cases of about 20 persons the majority of whom were children under 12, took place at Bandra, Borivli, Versowa, Kurla, Ghatkopar and Chembur, on most days of the week. School children also processed in small numbers in 3 or 4 other villages. In Goregaon some school children hoisted national flag on the school and processed round the village for an hour. There were two processions of about 150 persons on the 6th, one at Ville Parle and one at Bandra. In the former all were Gujaratis and in the latter Prabhus. A hartal was observed at Chembur on the 7th as a protest against the arrest of Mrs. Lukmani. After her trial people from Chembur who had come to the court at Kurla returned home shouting Dhikkar to the Government. Another meeting was held at Ghatkopar on the arrest of Kamlabai wife of Keshavdas, and a third hartal was held at Mulund to account of the arrest of Bhalchandra Narayan Wadekar. A hartal was also observed at Bandra, Ghatkopar, Bhandup and Andheri as a protest against the Police attack on Friday's procession. There was no picketing of liquor shops, except at Chembur where a few women volunteers picketed. About 20 women volunteers went to Thana for picketing on July 8. There was no change in volunteers in the Ville Parle Chhawani during the week. A. G. Joshi attended the charitable hospital during the week. As there are insufficient patients now, this hospital will only remain open four days in a week. Abdulla Rahimtulla went away on the 9th returning on the 11th with his family, who are putting up with R. N. Fetehally. On July 13, one Prabhakarbuwa Joshi performed a kirtan in Parle in presence of some 75 people of the Brahmin community. He requested the audience to make satyagraha against the present rulers who were " saitans and demons." These rulers first came here for trading only, but by their cunning they overpowered this country, like demons in the reign of God Indra. King Dhruwa practised satyagraha to such an extent that he gave up all luxuries and went into the jungle. People should practise satyagraha like that. 747

On July 12 some boys of the wanar sena moved in Parle selling paper flags at a pice each and took signatures of 27 people who intended to boycott British goods. On July 8 two Banias of Ghatkopar went during the absence of Police on duty to the Police lines to find out whether anybody was spinning. It is not known who they were. 35 palm and date trees were cut down in private compounds at Ghatkopar, by residents. The Chhawani of Chembur is in a part of Morchawl hired by R. H. Chemburkar who has recently been convicted. It is learnt that G. V. Vaidya, pleader of Thana, has sent a notice for the owner of the chawl to the president, Satyagraha Mandal, Chembur, to vacate the quarters. * * * About Rs. 700 worth of khadi cloth was received in Ville Parle Chhawani from Ahmedabad on July 10. It is being kept for sale. Spinning was carried on vigorously during the week in the Ville Parle Chhawani. Some confidential records have been taken from Ville Parle Chhawani to Congress House at Lamington Road, Bombay. It is learnt that a new printing press has been brought secretly into a bungalow at Ville Parle for printing handbills, etc. Efforts are being made to discover its whereabouts. As information had been received that it was likely that an attempt would be made on July 6 to distribute to Policemen some handbills requesting them to resign, a look-out was kept. Three small boys under 11 were found doing so. All the handbills were taken away from them. Three volunteers were found in Bandra, two in Ghatkopar, one in Mulund, and one in Versowa, distributing such handbills and were sent up under section 3 of Act XXII of 1922. (2) Nasik, July 12.—Generally speaking, there has been much more interest shown lately over the movement and special efforts by holding meetings have been made to arouse interest in the forest satyagraha and generally to awake discontent. The following meetings were held in the district during the week under report :—

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 9th July Nasik 1,500 Observance of Gandhi Day and congratulations to D. N. Chaudhari, Sub-Inspector of Police, Nasik District, for resigning from his service. 9th July Do. 1,200 Congratulations to Dr. G. B. Bhutekar on his release. 5th July Yeola 1,000 To celebrate Gandhi Day. 9th July Do. 3,000 Baglan satyagraha.

1 Dhanaji Nana Chaudhari abdicated office at the call of Gandhiji. He later became a great freedom-fighter and social worker for emancipation of the downtrodden. 748

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 6th July Nandgaon 1,200 Hoisting of the national flag on the Taluka Board Office. 8th July Do. 1,200 Dr. Bhutekar gave his experiences of jail life which he said was not at all troublesome. 13th July Do. 3,000 to 4,000 Flag ceremony at the Lokmanya Library. 11th July Zodga, 800 Boycott of foreign goods. Taluka Malegaon. 6th July Satana 5,000 Celebration of Gandhi Day. 12th July Do. 1,000 to 12,000 Forest satyagraha movement.

7th July Kalwan 500 Swaraj.

No great changes have occurred amongst the names already reported; Raghunath Hari Gadre, pleader of Nasik, Dattatraya Yadav Pingle, Dr. Dattatraya Balwant Khadilkar and Bagappa Vilhobappa Gulve, all of Nasik, appear to be the prime moves at present and during the last and present week have been moving about the district taking part in meetings and generally getting up interest in forest satyagraha. Dr. G. B. Bhutekar since his release from jail is also taking interest again. During the week the public appear to have taken considerably more interest in the movement; more especially in Satana and also in Kalwan, Niphad and Nandgaon considerable enthusiasm had occurred at meetings. During the week the volunteers who have been collected at Nampur in Satana taluka have been touring about in batches in the taluka and also in Malegaon and Kalwan talukas inciting the people to take part in the forest satyagraha. Most of these volunteers are those who have returned to the district having taken part in the various salt movements : all their energies are now directed to getting up interest in the villages over the movement in general and the forest movement in particular. (3)West Khandesh, July 12.—Processions with the national flag were taken through the villages of Khode, Dhulia taluka, Betawad, Nardhana Police Station, and Virdel, Sindkheda Police Station, after which the national flag was hoisted on the schools. A procession was also taken through Nizampur village, Sakri Police Station as a protest against the arrest of Motilal Nehru. The national flag was also taken in procession through the town and then hoisted on the municipal building, Nandurbar. It was also taken through the town of Shahada and hoisted near the chavadi. The national flag was taken through the town of Taloda and hoisted on the Marathi school there. (4)West Khandesh, July 12—Trimbak Narayan, Police Patel of Khed, Dhulia taluka, smoked a foreign cigarette at a meeting on July 5 so he was boycotted by the villagers. He was fined Rs. 2- 8-0, and it was settled that the boycott would be continued till the fine was paid. Volunteers have gone into several villages of the Dhulia taluka which are situnted rear forests and have incited the people not to pay grazing fees. 749

The Police are experiencing much trouble on account of the present movement. Whenever a Police officer visits any village boys gather at the chavadi and cry out the usual slogans. On July 8 ballads were sung by Annaji Patel of Dhadne at Dondaicha before an audience of about 200. The ballads referred to the men who were recently sentenced in Dhulia. On July 6, in the Vithal Mandir at Nizampur, Sakri Police Station, Nanak Shivrao Dave of Nizampur, Govind Motiram of Chalisgaon, Vishnu Namdeo of Nizampur and Murlidhar Sampat of Nizampur advised people to boycott foreign sugar, tea and to co-operate in the present movement. Madhavrao Bhosale, ex-Member of the Legislative Council, of Sakri is taking a leading part in securing resignations of the Patels, who, on account of fear of social boycott are obliged to resign, but no one would come forward to say so. Village servants of several villages in Sakri taluka do not help Government servants in their official work. They will not point out the persons on whom summonses and warrants are to be served. (5) West Khandesh, July 12.—Meetings held include the following :—

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4)

July 6 Sakri 1,500 Boycott of Government servants who should not even be spoken to Inspector Nirgudkar's conduct towards the Police Patel of Mhasdi was condemned. July 6 Sakri 1,500 Sahebrao Sadashiv Patil of Morana condemned the ordinances and advocated boycott of the Police and non-payment of grazing fees and the grazing of cattle in the forest. July 6 Nandurbar 1,000 Muhammadans should join this movement; they should join the Hindus and not quarrel; Government creates enmity between them. (6) East Khandesh, July 12.—There were daily processions of the Congress flag at Jalgaon, Shindal village (Pimpalgaon Police Station), Dharangaon, Bhusawal, Bhadgaon, Chalisgaon, Chopda and Pachora. There was a procession at Fattehpur on July 5 with the Congress flag. Congress flags were hoisted on the school buildings at Bahal (Mehunbara Police Station), Khedgaon (Pachora Police Station) and Pimpalgaon. That at Khedgaon was subsequently removed by the school-master. Some boys were expelled from the English High School, Erandol, by the school-master for wearing Congress symbols on their clothes. A new private school has been opened as a result. Flags were also hoisted on three school buildings at Jalgaon on July 8 in which the chairman of the School Board played a prominent part. During the week the local Congress Committee have had a series of lectures delivered at Jalgaon and have roused the feelings of the workers. Some members of the municipality put in a requisition to the president calling for a meeting to consider a resolution for the hoisting of the flag 750 on the municipal offices and all other buildings. The meeting was not called until July 8. Congressists went to the Bhagirath Mills and persuaded the millhands to ask for a day's leave, which was granted to them by the manager. They then went to the Khandesh Mills and tried to persuade the millhands there to leave their work, but as the manager refused to give them leave except without pay they refused to leave their work. Eventually the workers in the Bhagirath Mills, also returned to work, but agreed to hold a meeting. After the meeting Sonalkar and his friends hoisted flags on the Girls' and Boys' School No. 1 and the Urdu School No. 1. The Muhammadans objected and called on the District Magistrate and the District Superintendent of Police the next day. They were told to take down the flag on the Urdu School and then it would be able to pass an order prohibiting the municipality from hoisting it again, but they got frightened and took no action. The flag was taken down by someone about four days later. 59 persons were arrested at Amalner on July 6 for disobeying an order under section 144, Cr. P. C. (7) East Khandesh, July 12.—There were only 11 meetings in the district during the week which the following may be noticed :—

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 9th July Jalgaon 2,000 To congratulate the girls who were convicted under section 188, I. P.C. for breaking the District Magistrate's order under section 144, Cr. P. C. on July 6. 11th July Pimpalgaon 500 H. R. Godbole gave an account of the salt raids on Dharasana and Wadala. Do. Chalisgaon 700 In connection with Tilak's anniversary day. Do. Pimpalgaon Haribhau Raghupati Godbole of Bombay delivered a lecture.

Nilkantha Moreshwar Tikale of Dhulia, delivered lectures at meetings at Palaskheda and Jalgaon on 8th and 9th respectively. Chandrabhau Trimbak of Nandgaon, Nasik Distract, and Bhagchand Govind, visited Mal- Shewaga village under Mehunbara Police Station and took out a procession with the Congress flag. * * * (8) Ahmednagar, July 12.—2,000 persons were present at a meeting on July 6 at Puntamba organised by three men who are undertrial and on bail, On July 8th flag was hoisted on the chavadi at Puntamba. The Sub-Inspector reports that each and every house at Kopargaon carried the flag. At Rahata on July 10 a meeting of 700 to 800 was held. At Poyagaon on July 6, the flag was hoisted on the chavdi at Rahata on July 10 on the village gate and at Bahiroba's temple, on July 11 on many other houses and on July 12 on the school. 751

Damodhar Keshao Parashrami, pleader of Sangamner, is said to have been responsible for preventing the hoisting of the flag on the high school there, being chairman of the School Board. The school was closed on July 12. A meeting at Sangamner on July 12 attracted an audience of 200 only. A meeting of 500 to 600 was held at Pathardi on July 7 and on July 11 a hartal was observed on account of the conviction of the 7 accused sent up for obstruction and rioting. The flag was taken in procession by 500 persons. The same afternoon a meeting of 250 resolved to boycott Muhammadans and Government servants. In the evening there was another flag procession of 3,000 ; the flag was erected on the road and the place named "Nehru Chowk". Later a meeting of 800 was held and the flag erected in the compound of the Government school; this was removed by the school-master. Since then Pathardi seems to have cooled down. At Koradgaon in Shevgaon taluka the flag was erected in the compound of Maruti's temple. A series of meetings at Shevgaon on July 12 is being arranged, for which Rs. 50 to 60 are said to have been collected. A meeting of 750 was held at Deolali under Rahuri Police Station. Hartal was observed at Deolali on July 11 on account of the conviction of Vinayak Jayavant Takte. The Civil Disobedience Movement is diminishing in the district in general but it still continues in Sangamner and Akola talukas where the local people appear to be waiting for each other to give a lead. (9) Poona, July 12.—Meetings held include the following:—

Date Place Audience Remarks July 7 Shivaji Mandir, 1,000 Held at the Shivaji Mandir after the return of the Poona city. procession of students that had tried to march on the Council Hall. Mehendale congratulated R. K. Khadilkar and N. G. Gore on their conviction and expressed satisfaction at the discipline observed by all present. A. R. Bhatt Said that the Government were afraid of the activities of the youths and hence they had to issue an order under section 144, Cr. P. C., N. S. Hardikar asked the students to carry out their movement constitutionally and to be prepared to be kicked and attacked with lathis. He also said that only 17,000 persons had so far gone to jail, but 70,000 or even 70 lakhs must go. People going to jail hereafter should go with their whole bodies covered with blood; all students must follow Gandhi and not go jail for random speeches. Bapu-saheb Gupte requested the students to visit villages and educate villagers in present politics. G. R. Inamdar condemned the Honourable Mr. Jadhav for his attitude towards the picketers. Pandit said that the 752

* * Honourable Mr. Pradhan had not fulfilled the promises given by him at the time of his election; under Swaraj such people would go to jail. Chafekar said that the Youth League were thinking of creating a volunteer corps which would give instructions in drill and would be ready to defy orders issued under section 144, Cr. P. C., and to receive lathi charges peacefully.

As an aftermath of the Bund Gardens affair, on the evening of July 7 some 500 attended a meeting at the Tiiak Mahavidyalaya to condemn the action of the Poona Police in dispersing the riotous assembly at about 1-15 a.m. on June 6. At this meeting, and also in certain anti-Government papers of Bombay and Poona, it has been alleged or insinuated that the Police sent a motor ear to run into the back of the procession, and that this car ran over some squatting satyagrahis. It has also been alleged that the Police had the street-lights put out and then charged the crowd. Both stories are, of course, without foundation, and the action of Lieutenant Blake in driving on when he was surrounded on all sides by stone-throwers has been justified under Section 100, I. P. C., even had he killed the processionists who obstructed the whole road after being warned to disperse. But the exaggeration indulged in by the speakers and writers was shown up when an Intelligence Branch Head Constable found a man, whose leg was alleged to have been broken by a motor car, sitting in his shop. 14 of the men who are supposed to have been injured are apparently of the satyagraha mandal at the Tilak Mandir which organised the original procession. The women who were injured were probably trampled on by their own people, and Mrs. Yashodabai Bhatt was heard openly condemning the men of the procession for trampling on her and other women in their haste to run away. Maganlal Ishwarbhai Patel and Dheer wrote a joint letter about the riot and the Bombay Chronicle published it, while the Indian Daily Mail based some absurd innuendoes on it. * * * On July 8, Ganesh Shastri Joshi, K. T. Jadhav and Premraj Varma of the cantonment were arrested as being ring-leaders in the unlawful assembly. V. V. Atitkar has so far evaded arrest by running away to Ahmednagar. The question of charging M. T. Patel is receiving attention. (10) S. B. Bombay Presidency, July 15.—On July 5 there was a procession at Kondej (Karmala) headed by two brothers Dattatraya Tukaram Deo and Vinayak Tukaram Deo. These two men advised the people not to take toddy contracts, and requested them to become volunteers. They shouted out Down with the British Raj, Gandhi-ki-jai. There were similar processions on Jule 6 and 8. 753

On July 6, 7, 8 and 11 there were processions in Pandharpur. A hartal was observed in Madha on July 2 on account of the arrest of Motilal Nehru. * * * (11) Satara, July 12 —-In spite of the number of civil disobedience meetings remaining the same, viz., 50 in the week under report as against 52 in the previous week, the intensity of the situation does not appear to have diminished in the least. On the contrary there are good grounds for believing that the lower strata of society is being gradually won over. Although the breach of the salt laws has automatically sunk into insignificance, breach of forest laws in particular and boycott of foreign cloth in general are being openly preached. The forthcoming visit of His Excellency the Governor to Satara and Karad and the presentation of addresses to him by certain local institutions and societies was, as expected, exploited by these propagandists to their own end. As the language used at some of these meetings was rather strong and coupled with incitement to breach of the forest laws, the District Superintendent of Police is instituting proceedings against certain of these individuals. There was no anti-civil disobedience meeting in this week, although in a meeting held at Khed Budruk, in Koregaon taluka, one or two speakers were bold enough to impress on the audience that they were following a wrong path. * * * (13) Kolaba, July 12.—There is little alteration in the situation this week. There is a tendency for the practice of morning rounds to extend to some of the smaller towns. The forest satyagraha has not yet taken any practical turn although it is the subject-matter of the majority of speeches. There were fourteen meetings during the week, average attendance 100 to 150 of no individual importance. 1249. Forest Agitation. (1)Ahmednagar, July 12.—Propaganda for forest satyagraha continues in the Sangamner and Akola talukas and grazing fees are being refused. Extra Police have been sent, and further action is being taken against the leaders. (2)Poona, July 12.—On July 9, reports were received from Ghoda giving numerous instances of defiance of forest laws in Ambegaon peta, of which the general features were destruction and damage of young teak and sandalwood trees in the forest reserves by grazing cattle, seizure of cattle by Forest Rangers, the flight of village Police Patels who should have taken possession of the cattle, and consequent escape of the cattle. These occurrences took place at the villages of Gangapur on July 6, where 1,000 teak trees were damaged, Shenoli, 500 sandalwood trees, and 1,000 teak trees ; Simbe Budruk on July 8, 500 plants, and on July 8 at Ghoda, 500 teak trees. 754

Payment of grazing fees is withheld at the villages of Narodi, Shenoli, Sakri, Ahupe, Pimpalgaon, Aghone, Mhaswad, Doni, Tirpad and Ambegaon. It appears that a guasi-constitutional agitation was being carried on for modification of the Forest Act on July 5, at Ghoda, when G. R. Inamdar, late of the Finger Print Bureau, read out a statement of the demands to a meeting of about 1,500 villagers, and asked for signatures and nonpayment of grazing fees, upto July 8. Other agitators were Nemchand Gujar and Jairam Gomaji Kale of Ghoda and Popatlal of Ambegaon. 1253. Ville Parle Chhawani. Bombay Suburban District, July 12.—Daily meetings were held at Ville Parle throughout the week. The audiences except on two occasions, numbered between 30 and 50. On July 9 when Jairamdas Daulatram of Karachi visited the Chhawani some 600 persons were present and on July 11 Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar, editor of Nova Kal, made a speech in Parle to about 150 people. Chief speakers, in addition to these two, were Abdulla Rahimtulla, Vrashabhadas Jaweri, Dilkhush Diwanji and Mrs. Hansa Mehta. The substance of all the speeches was that all should join the movement, even children, who should not be allowed to attend Government schools. Women were repeatedly requested for the last time to come of picketing. They should not be deceived by Government handbills. Jairamdas Daulatram said that he was very pleased to see the Chhawani. He had heard from a reliable source that their leaders would be released before the Round Table Conference and that a representative from Parliament has come to negotiate with Mahatma Gandhi. They should not be led away by this but should continue the movement and fight with Government to the end. Students should not attend Government schools as the history of India will be shortly changed. Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar said that all must wear khadi and thus make the country rich. They should all give up all foreign articles for one year. Ghatkopar.—Meetings were held at Ghatkopar (6), Mulund (3), Mahul (1), Chembur (2), and Bhandun (1). The audiences were practically all of Gujerathis, and numbered 30 to 100. On the 9th, there was one large meeting at Ghatkopar on account of the conviction of Kamlabai wife of Kesardas. Most of the speeches were on the usual lines, that all students should leave their colleges and join the movement and all should wear khadi and boycott foreign goods. Dharmanand Kosambi. speaking on the 6th, said that they could not expect to get Swaraj easily or quickly, nor would they get it simply by working on taklis or taking out processions. Looking to America, Africa, China and Ireland they could see how long it took these countries to get Swaraj, and they did not get it without having a lot of their blood spilt. 755

The Lathi War was a retribution for their sins and not a mistake of Government. Vallabhbhai had said in Bombay that all students should leave their colleges and take part in the movement at such a critical and serious time. Achyut Yashwant Sawant of Chembur and Digambar Ramchandra Patankar made fiery speeches on the 7th for which they were prosecuted under Ordinance No. V of 1930. They alluded to the Police as " black domesticated dogs and their foolish officers" who in other places had fired on many people and killed them. In like manner these dogs could be killed by being trodden on when they would be thinking of following white dogs, who were shortly going to flee by aeroplanes to England. They should make use of the means at hand and then these dogs would die instantly. No food, water or clothes should be allowed to go to the Police and they should be totally boycotted. In the same manner that Government shoots rabid dogs, these dogs should be killed. * * * Andheri.—Meetings were held at Andheri (1), Versova (1), Malad (2) and Madh (2). Audience between 40 to 100. At most of the meetings the speakers requested the audience to join the movement. The meeting at Andheri was held to congratulate Dhirajlal Chhaganlal Modi on his arrest in Bombay. 1255. Fund. (1)West Khandesh, July 12.—Rs. 100 were collected at Sindkheda by Ramchandra Natubuwa and others for the expenses of the Dhulia Camp. (2)East Khandesh, July 12.—Rs. 350 were collected during the week. (3)Ahmednagar, July 12.—About Rs. 6,000 are reported to have been collected in Ahmednagar for relief of families of satyagrahis convicted. Rs. 7 at Rahata for forest satyagraha. Rs. 2,000, out of the amount of Rs. 6,000 for the relief of families, is said to have been subscribed by Rao Bahadur Ganesh Krishna Chitale, pleader of Ahmednagar. (4)S. B. Bombay Presidency, Poona, July 72.—Rs. 350 given to the Ville Parle Chhawani, Rs. 375 collected towards the expenses of volunteers for forest satyagraha. Rs. 1,000 collected at Belgaum by Manjappa M. Hardikar for the khaddar fund (the total collection is Rs. 8,000). 1258. Resignation of Government Servants. West Khandesh, July 12.—36 resignations have been submitted by the Patels of various villages in Sakri taluka. 1260-A. His Excellency the Governor's Visit to Satara. Satara, July 12.—His excellency's visit passed off quietly without the least change in any part of the programme. Although a large number of students and the illiterate mass was mischievously roused, mostly by the local pleader class and a few other leading merchants and made to vent 756 their feelings of wrath by hoisting black flags, the occasion clearly exhibited that a very large section of the lower populace was not lacking in their allegience and co-operation with the British Government. Reports are being received that a few villages in Patan taluka and Shirala Peta refused to pay grazing fees and have allowed their cattle to graze in reserved forests. Prompt legal action to check the evil spreading is being taken. 163 Vol. No. XLIII No. 31 of 1930 BOMBAY PRESIDENCY POLICE ABSTRACT OF INTELLIGENCE Poona, August 2, 1930. POLITICAL, POLITICO-RELIGIOUS AND RACIAL MOVEMENT 1292. Civil Disobdience Movement, General Summary. Nasik.—Week ending July 12, 24 meetings. Interest is being shown in forest satyagraha. D. Y. Pingle, Dr. Dattatraya B. Khadilkar, B. V. Gulve and Dr. G. B. Bhutekar are active. The largest attendances were at Nasik, July 5 (1,500), July 9 (1,200), Yeola, July 5 (1,000), July 9 (3,000), Nandgaon, July 6 (1,200), July 12 (1,200) and July 13 (4,000), Satana, July 6 (5,000) and July 12 (1,200). West Khandesh.—4 meetings, audiences over 1,000 at Sakri and Nandurbar on July 6. East Khandesh.—11 meetings, audiences over 1,000 at Jalgaon July 8 (1,000) and July 9 (2,000). Ahmednagar.—6 meetings, audience at Puntamba, July 6 (2,000). Other audiences small and the movement appears to be diminishing in the district, except at Sangamner and Akola. Sholapur.—Processions at Kondy (Karmala) and Pandharpur on several days during the week. A meeting at Pandharpur on July 16, audience 500, Sarota Rajhans, presided and Vithal Vishwanath Badve and Narayan Ramchandra Nirlekar, secretary of the Youth League of Pandharpur, asked the audience not to pay taxes. Satara.—50 meetings, breach of forest laws, and the boycott of foreign cloth is being widely preached. Ratnagiri.—16 meetings, 13 hartals and 13 processions during the week. Maximum audience 1,200. Kolaba.—14 meetings, attendances below 150, forest satyagraha has not yet taken any practical turn but is the subject of the majority of meetings. 757

1293. Agitation. (1) Thana, July 19.—Meetings held include following :—

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 13th July Kalyan 2,000 R. S. Ruikar of Nagpur exhorted railwaymen to join Congress. He was persuading the federation of the Railway Union to join the movement. Chamanlal, Giri, and Joshi were traitors and Joshi had used the staff union funds for his own ends. They must increas unionfunds to enable them to take stronger action in future. Do. Thana 500 Bhalchandra Atmaram Dandekar of Palghar presided at the time of the hoisting of the national flag at the District Local Board Office. Do. Manor 300 Mukund Jivan Sankhe of Manors said tnat members of the Police and Forest Departments should be boycotted if they do not resign. Do. 200 Prohibition. 15th July AgadhiBhayande 500 Chhotalal Ramdas Shroff exhorted the audience to commence picketing, boycott foreign goods and stop the food and water of Government servants. 17th July Bassein 500 To organise prohibition measures without breaking the law.

(2)Nasik, July 19— During the week the volunteers who had collected at Nampur in Satana taluka dispersed in the taluka and in the adjoining talukas of Kalwan and Malegaon and continued to wader from village to calling on the villagers to take part int the forest satyagraha movement and asking Patels to resing. It was expected that on the 22 some combined action against the forest lawa was to be undertaken but this did not occur ; all the efforts of the batches of volunteers appear to be now directed to cause disaffection generally to interest the villagers in refusing to pay grazing fees and sending their cattle into the forests. During the week from the number of meetings reported considerably more interst appears to have been taken in the movement. Satana, Kalwan, Niphad, Malegaon North, Nandgaon and Yeola talukas all appers to be affected by the movement and to have taken considerable interest in the meetings of the volunteers wandering about. Some 33 meetings of some importance have been reported: the chief topic at these meeting has been the forest satyagraha movement which all are asked to take part in or assist. Volunteers who had collected at Nampur wander about in batches of three or four and hold meeting at villages and only to the villagers and incite them to break the Forest Laws or 758 assist the movement with money or grain. There is little doubt that they have roused a lot of interest in the movement and general disaffection. (3) West Khandesh, July 19.—Meetings were held none of which are of importance. Volunteers went from house to house with a national flag in Dhulia town on July 13 and collected corn of sorts for the Dhulia camp. 35 bags were collected. On July 15 Parvatibai Thakar delivered a lecture among women in Dhulia in which the boycott of foreign cloth and tea and the spinning of yarn were preached. As the volunteers who had opened a camp (shibir) at Dang Shiwade, Police station Pimpalner, did not get any accommodation they returned to Sakri from where they did their work. They went from house to house and preached against the forest law. Nobody spoke against them. Mahadeo Gopal Bhosale of Sakri, Namdeo Budharji Patil of Dhadna, Shankar Chindhu Bendre of Chhadwel, Sitaram Govind Patil of Malpur went to Samoda, Pimpalner and Balana and advised people to have unity. They did not deliver any open lectures. (4) East Khandesh, July 19.—Meetings held include the following :—

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) July 13th Pimpalgaon 800 Haribhau R. Godbole made a very violent speech against the forest laws and the people exhorted not to fear Government. July 14th Dharangaon 500 Narhar Ganesh Thakur of Parola was responsible for the holding of this meeting. The head master's action in canning a boy for wearing a Congress badge on his cap in school was condemned. Resolutions to hoist the flag on the municipal hall and to prosecute the master were passed. July 14th Bhalod 600 Trimbak Pundalik Chaudhari of Asoda, Jalgaon taluka, spoke on the Civil Disobedience Movement and boycott. July 16th Faijpur 1,500 The use of khaddar for the uniforms of Railway employees was urged. At first this meeting would have nothing to do with the resolutions about khaddar, but Ruikar was able to persuade them to pass it. July 17th Bhusawal 1,000 S. V. Bapat spoke giving the usual lecture which he was prohibited from making. He has been prosecuted.

Do. Jalgaon 1,500 Meeting to congratulate V. V. Bochare on his conviction under Section 107, Cr. P. C. 759

Date Place Audience Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) July 19th Jalgaon 300 A ladies meeting which was addressed by ths headmistress of the local girls' high school to boycott foreign articles. Do. Do. 1,500 This meeting was held to declare that Forest satyagraha would be started on July 22. The audience was also advised to boycott Government servants.

17 meetings were held in the district during the week. Daily processions are still taken out at Jalgaon, Yawal, Bhadgaon, Pachora, Shendurni and Amalner by the millhands in the evening after the mills are closed. Processions with the Congress flag were taken out at Kurka, Bhote and Parni villages, Edlabad Police station, on July 13 and 14 and 14 respectively. At Chopda a procession was taken out to welcome the return of Dr. Sadashiv Shankar Kothari from jail, in spite of the prohibitory order under Section 144, Cr.P.C. Some 16 persons have been arrested and sent for trial under Section 188, I.P.C. The Congress flag was hoisted on the Local Board School at Kalamsare, Pimpalgaon Police station, which was subsequently removed by the headmaster. Keshav Shripad Pathak, chairman of the Municipal School Board, Jalgaon, ordered that all schools should be closed on July 17 as a hartal against the conviction of V. V. Bochare, acting president of the District Congress Committee, under Section 107, Cr. P. C. Hartal was also observed at Raver on July 17 for the same reason, as Bochare is a resident of Raver. Things, on the whole, have been very quiet during the week, but there are signs that they will liven up during next week. Rumours are afloat that the Forest Act will be broken in the Satpudas, and steps have been taken to get early information. (5) Poona, July 19.—Meetings—

Date Place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 13th July Near 150 This meeting was convened by the Poona Youth League. Fergusson The speaker appealed to the students (mostly College Fergussonians) to suspend their studies for one year to take to village life for educating villagers. Phadke said he wanted volunteers for the Boycott Week in Poona but no student responded. Do. Reay 2,000 D. V. Divekar explained forest satyagraha as practised by Market Aney and condemned Government for convicting him of theft. Dr. Munje had taken his place and he too was convicted twice. Bhide 760

Date place Attendance Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) 13th July contd. called Aney the lion of C. P. Pashankar and Vaghire said that the movement could be carried on without leaders as in Bombay and Calcutta. Dr. Palsule said that the Police were law breakers. Talwalkar also thanked the Police for the lathi-charge at Bund Bridge. H. V. Tulpule referred to the Collector of Poona's Darbar at Baramati and said that only the Loyalists were allowed to take part in it. 15th July Tilak Mandir 50 This was another Poona Youth League meeting held for the students of the Sir Parsharam Bhau College. Civil Disobedience Movement Patwardhan affirmed, offered an anodyne and asked the students to suspend studies for a year and take up (1) village propaganda, (2) organisation of the boycott of British goods and (3) setting up the labourers to destroy the yoke of their exploiters, i. e. Britisher. 19th July Tilak Mandir Do. Pashankar congratulated G. T. Joshi, K. T. Jadhav, M.I. Patel and Varma for their conviction under Section 145, I. P. C., on 18th July. He regretted the slackness in the movement in Poona as compared with neighbouring districts, and ascribed this to parties and factions in Poona.

On 13th, 1,500 persons met at Ghoda when three M. L. C's. and others spoke on forest grievances. The three members were N. R. Gunjal, B. Chandrachud and V. Surve. Gunjal said that though they had up to 15th August to pay grazing fees they were being pressed to pay now, B. R. Inamdar said that they would not commit any offence by not paying till 15th August. Venkatrao Surve said it was only the British Government that had imposed forest, liquor and toll taxes. The sinful British had brought ruin on cultivators. Governor, Collector and all Government servants were fed on the people's food. All should be peaceful. Motilal Nehru, who could buy up the British had gone to jail. Babasaheb Chandrachud invited people to come to Poona and go in deputation to the Governor. He said that Government made a crore out of the Forests and spent it not on the people but on forest officials. Baburao Fule made a seditious speech saying Shivaji reigned only for a few years but the British had reigned 150 years and takes their money and their arms. If forest grievances were not removed the people should unite and do as they thought proper. Government's oppression was seen in Bombay and Sholapur.

* * * 761

Maruti Kasar of Ghoda who is the ring-leader in the movement and who had fethced the speakers from Poona said they were to remember the lesson that the forests were to be preserved and not destroyed. The people had no arms and must be peaceful. Afterwards the people having consulted the goddess (Kalambjai) appointed Jairam Ghamaji Kale their leader in forest satyagraha. On 13th when Inspector Shinde arrested Vishnu Bahiru Powar at Parunde village 6 miles south-west of Junnar, 500 persons escorted him to Junnar with the national flag and wanted to process round Junnar, where in the meantime Mr. Fazlodin, Deputy Superintendent of Police, had made 4 other arrests. Some 1,500 persons collected near the office and began shouting. The Sub- Divisional Magistrate and the Deputy Superintendent of Police dispersed them and temporarily arrested three ring-leaders. Owing to this firm action there was no interference with the Collector's darbar which was held in Junnar the next day, and was in every was successful, except that the pleaders absented themselves. * * * (6) Sholapur, July 19.—At Pandharpur on the 16th instant (audience 500) a meeting was under the Presidentship of one Sarota Rajhanas Brahmin of Pandharpur. The two speakers were Vithal Vishvanath Badwe and Narayan Ramchandra Nirlekar, secretary of the Youth League of Pandharpur. They urged their audience not to pay taxes as the Government was despotic. They congratulated Dr. Munje on his conviction and criticised the action of one Akbarali Abdul Husen, a Municipal councilfor of Pandharpur, who had voted against the hoisting of the national flag on the municipality. Both speakers are being prosecuted under section 117, I. P. C. (7) Satara, July 19.—There was again an abnormal increase in the number of meetings in the week under report the number being 80 as against 50 in the week preceding. Breach of the forest laws and the cessation of the payment of grazing fees continue to be openly preached by volunteers. The speeches delivered at some of these meetings were most violent and which have to a great extent irritated the minds of the agriculturists who are now taking an active part in the movement. Prosecutions are being freely launched against the most violent of these speakers and every possible endeavour is being made to curb their activities. Although the non-Brahmin Party at first stood quite aloof from this campaign a good lead of disruption amongst its staunch supporters and the rank and file was clearly discernible some time back, but this week's events prominently helped in exhibiting the black sheep from its fold. While the majority of the party was presenting an address of welcome to His Excellency the Governor at Satara on July 12, the minority section was seen making common cause with the satyagrahi volunteers and the mob in general in raising cries and hooting down those who attended the function. The only satisfactory phase of this unison is that though this minority section has started this week on a propaganda tour, it is 762 restricting its advice to the boycott of tea, liquor and foreign cloth only, and further advising the populance not to commit breach of any law, but to get their grievances redressed by approaching the authorities concerned. (8) Ratnagiri, July 19.—In all 18 meetings were held during the week. Of them 6 were for celebration of the death anniversary of Tilak. one at Malwan about picketing and summing up of results thereof, 2 for hoisting the so-called national flag and 9 on other miscellaneous items, in one of which (Dapoli) high school boys were advised not to leave the school, in another (vanar sena meeting at Ratnagiri) the boys and girls were advised to maintain discipline. In almost all of them, however, Swadeshism was vehemently preached. With the exception of the following 4, the attendances at the rest were small. 1. Malwan on July 12. Attendance of 400. Principal speaker, Shankar Krishnaji Gawankar, pleader, Malwan, detailed how he persuaded some persons from drinking toddy. Boys were repremanded for having remained aloof from picketing and were advised to join it. Gawankar also referred to his interview with the District Magistrate and said that there should be no breach of the peace while picketing. About 10 boys volunteered their services for picketing. Pecuniary help was then called for the continuance of the agitation. 2. Kanakavli on July 13 with an attendance of 400 Hindus. Principal speakers Vithal Vishram Vichare of Rajapur and Janardan Murari Subhedar of Jaitapur. A flag was hoisted on Malwan road junction at Kanakavli and a meeting was held. A powada on the present condition of India was recited. People were asked to protect the flag even at the risk of their lives. Advice was given to boycott. British goods, liquor, tea and courts. 3. At Ratnagiri on July 12 with an attendance of 260 school boys and girls. Principal speakers were R. G. Rajadhyaksha and Anant Laxman Maluste of Ratnagiri. The meeting was preceded by a procession of boys and girls in the vanar sena (monkey troop). Advice to abstain from tea and to be self-supporting was given to the boys. The boys were asked to form themselves into vanar sena in bringing back the goddess of Hindu which has been taken away by British Government in the same manner in which Rama succeeded in killing Ravan with the help of monkeys. 4. At Anjarle, taluka Dapoli, on July 11 with an attendance of 250 Hindus. The principal speakers were Govind Ganesh Pendse of Anjarle and Harishchandra Laxman Joshi of Anjarle. The audience was exhorted to assist in the Civil Disobedience Movement and boycott of foreign cloth, tea, toddy and liquor was advocated The meeting was preceded by a procession which went through Anjarle and Murdi villages. 763

At Vengurla volunteers from Gandhi Sevashram (Gandhi Service Camp) went round in the bazaar during the week and collected rice 5 pailis and Rs. 2 for their maintenance. The satyagraha camp at Vengurla has been removed from the house of Vishnu Kashiram Bhangle to another house owned by Mahadeo Tukaram Valawalkar owing to the death of the former. The satyagrahis at Malwan are advising the people to take to spinning and to boycott foreign goods and abstain from drinking liquor. Some women and children attended the camp of spinning.

* * *

The so-called national flag was hoisted on Kharepaten school on July 13. A sum of Rs. 2-8-0 was also collected at Phonda on July 14 for the use of satyagrahis coming from outside. On July 12, the School Beard of the District Local Board, Ratnagiri, passed a resolution that hoisting national flags does not constitute disobedience of law and a petition to permit hoisting of the Rag was made to the District Local Board. On July 15, the so-called natonal flag was hoisted on the municipal office at Ratnagiri in the presence of Rao Bahadur L. V. Parulekar (President). About 200 citizens were present. Some people from Guhagar visited about 12 villages surrounding Guhagar and exhorted the audience to use Swadeshi articles.

* * *

At Dapoli manuscript copies styled Satya Prakasha were pasted at prominent places in the Dapoli bazaar commenting on Government action against the present movement. This appears to be the work of local mischief mongers. On July 13 the so-called national flag was hoisted on the village temple at Anjarle.

* * *

Morning rounds were continued or started afresh during the week at Deogad, Wada, Kanakavli, Phonda, Kharepatan, Rajapur, Chiplun, Guhagar, Dabhol and Ratnagiri. The following hartals were observed during the week under report :

Date Place Reason (1) (2) (3) 5th July Masura, Taluka Malwan Arrest of Pandit Motilal Nehru. 11th July Palshet, Guhagar Do. 14th July Ratnagiri Conviction of Wanis for an offence under Section 147, I. P. C. 764

The following processions were held in the district :—

Date Place Purpose (1) (2) (3) 12th July Achra Tilak's anniversary. Do. Vijaydurg Gandhi's photograph. Do. Kharepatan. Preliminary to morning rounds. 13th July Malwan Tilak's anniversary. Do. Kanakavli Hoisting national flag. A sum of Rs. 4-6-0 was collected from the public for the cost of the so-called national flag. 14th July Ratnagiri Conviction of Waris of Ratnagiri under Section 147, I. P. C. 19th July Do. Vanar sena (monkey troop). (9) Kolaba, July 19.—The movement appears to be widespread throughout the district, although the vast majority of supporters appear to show their sympathy in an innocuous manner, such as attendance at meetings, morning rounds, etc., without showing any practical desire to break the law as yet. Morning rounds are observed in practically every town and village. Picketing of liquor shops continues and is fairly general throughout the district. Forest satyagraha continues to be the subject of some speeches, but not to the same extent as hitherto, presumably on account of the action taken against the leaders responsible. In Mahad, for example, where many leaders were prosecuted, speakers have announced that they will not speak on satyagraha. but will confine their remarks to the boycott of British goods. Speeches are, none the less, anti-Government. Alibag may be considered the present centre of the movement. Volunteers obtain training at the shibir and move about the taluka. On the evening of July 20 a procession marched to the Ramnath road to defy an order made by the District Superintendent of Police under Section 48, Bombay District Police Act. It was noticeable that although the on-lookers numbered several hundred, only about 40 took part in the procession. Reaching the Police cordon, the procession squatted on the road where it remained all night although the Police were withdrawn after dark. On the morning of July 21, the procession (reduced to 11 youths) passed along the road and were arrested and kept in the lock-up until evening, when they were released. The crowd of on-lookers dispersed on being ordered to do so. Although there has been no serious incident so far, the movement is undoubtedly gaining popularity, and the deliberate breaking of the law on July 21 indicates that a difficult situation might arise at any time. 1300. Ville Parle Chhawani. Bombay Suburban District, July 19.—There was no picketing of liquor shops except at Chembur where a few women volunteers picketed as usual. 765

The number of permanent volunteers in the Ville Parle Chhawani at the end of the week was 11 men and 13 women. 11 volunteers have gone on leave. On July 19, Vallabhbhai Patel asked for a full report on the Bombay Suburban District Chhawani which was taken to him by Abdulla Rahim-tulla and Vrashbhadas Jaweri that evening. The leaders and the few volunteers of the Ville Parle Chhawani made strenuous efforts during the week to obtain volunteers but without success. They produced a form which they required volunteers to sign. Only 20 men, 12 women and 15 boys under 14 have signed a form so far. In addition to these, 5 women from Borivli have also signed. Both the leaders and volunteers are disappointed and wavering. Their general talk is to the effect that the struggle will not be a success and, therefore no use of carrying on. Abdulla Rahimtulla is himself very disappointed at the slackenning of the movement. A number of the permanent volunteers of the Chhawani have refused to sign the new form until the majority of the public have done so. A party of 11 volunteers of the Bombay Provincial Congress Committee arrived at Andheri on July 14. from where they moved on to Borivli, Poisar, Dahisar and Babbai, they left from Bassein on July 16. They spoke in each village requesting the public to join the Congress. The Kolis of Versowa continue to take great interest in the movement and endeavour to boycott the Police there. Although openly the shopkeepers do not supply the Police out of fear, yet all requirements are supplied secretly.

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1302. Funds. (1)Nasik, July 19.—During the week Rs. 200 were collected for the forest satyagraha in the Yeola taluka. (2)S. B., Bombay Presidency, July 26.—The principal amounts collected which are reported this week are as follows:— Ahmednagar, Rs. 6,000 collected for the relief of families of satyagrahis who are convicted. Out of this Rs. 2,000 was said to have been subscribed by Rao Bahadur Ganesh Krishna Chitale, pleader of Ahmednagar. East Khandesh, Rs. 310 ; West Khandesh, Rs. 100 and Bandra, Rs. 150. 1304. National Flag. East Khandesh, July 19.—Over the flag hoisting there seems to have been a certain amount of animosity. The flag was hoisted on July 12 and pulled down by the headmaster on July 13 and rehoisted the same day. 1305-A Temperance Movement. (1) Thana, July 19.—An order was issued by the District Magistrate prohibiting picketing within 100 yards of a liquor shop at Bassein, with the result that the leaders have called off picketing there for a week. 766

(2) Nasik, July 19.—So far as the liquor picketing movement is conce rned it has stopped in Nasik itself, but at Sinnar, Yeola, Wadner Bahiroba (taluka Chandor), Manmad and Pimpalgaon Baswant (taluka Niphad) it is going on and sale at these places have been considerably affected. Generally speaking the movement appears to have increased in the district during the last week and still continues to do so. (3)West Khandesh, July 19.—Picketing of toddy and liquor shops at Dhulia and of the liquor shop at Nandurbar is still continued. Picketing of liquor shops at Dondaicha is stopped. (4)Ratnagiri, July 19.—3 volunteers from Malwan went to Tankarli village on July 7 with 3 men from Deobag and kept the latter there for picketing toddy and liquor shops which they did for that day only. Toddy and liquor shops at Achra were picketed on 8th, 9th and 10th only Picketing of liquor and toddy shops at; Malwan continued during the week. Picketing the liquor shop at Sarjekot, taluka Malwan, which was started some days ago was stopped from July 15. Picketing the liquor shop at Chiplun continued without trouble upto July 13 on which day it was stopped. Picketing the liquor shop at Khed continued during the week. 1306 Boycott of Foreign Cloth. Thana, July 19.—Boycott of foreign cloth and goods and prohibition have been the chief subject of meetings of which 21 were held. Women are now taking a more active part. Prabhat feri takes place daily in the larger towns. At a meeting at Kalyan on July 13, R. S. Ruikar of Nagpur sxhorted labour to join the Congress movement. 1307. Resignation of Government Servants. West Khandesh. July 19.—Police Patels of Khedle and Gunjali taluka Taloda, who had resigned have withdrawn their resignations and have resumed their work. It is learnt that Police Patels of Balana, Pargaon, Dhongde, Pankhed and Mandana, Police Station Pimpalner, are thinking of resigning their posts. 1308. Formation of Arbitration Boards. West Khandesh. July 19.—In Ner, Dhulia taluka, a panchayat has been formed, Kamal Jamal Kasabi and Amir Nathu Tamboli are the Muhammadan panchas. Gopal Gujrathi and others whose names are not known are the Hindu panchas. Genda alias Vedu Patel has been appointed as the Mamlatdar, Balwantrao Ganpatrao as the foujdar and Wanji Supdu Patil as the havaldar. Any complaint is to be decided by this tribunal. The place where they sit is not known. Foreign sugar is boycotted and it has been decided that whoever use it wild be fined Rs. 21.