Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation
Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Area (ASHA) Project Coordination Unit (PCU) Hattisar, Kathmandu
Capacity Gap Assessment Report For Climate Change Adaptation Screening with Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Consideration
July 2017
Acknowledgements
Association for the Development of Environment and People in Transition (ADAPT-Nepal) highly appreciates the information and support provided by different individuals, organizations and agencies during the study of Climate Change Adaptation Screening with Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Consideration.
ADAPT-Nepal wishes to express its gratitude to Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) Project team, particularly to Mr. Pashupati Nath Koirala- Project Coordinator, Ms. Engila Mishra-Climate Change Specialist, Ms. Shila Gyawali-Planning Officer, and Ms. Draupadi Subedi-GESI Specialist.
We are also grateful to all the sectoral line ministries and districts technical officers of the project districts who provided valuable information and extended various support to the study team.
We would like to thank Mr. Kumud Shrestha, Team Leader, Mr. Khem Raj Dahal, Agriculture Expert, Dr Chet Raj Upreti, Livestock Expert, Mr. Upendra Phuyal, Knowledge Management Expert, Dr Shyamu Thapa Magar, GESI Expert, Mr. Bal Krishna Prasai, Policy Analyst, Dr Keshav Prasad Sharma, Data base Management Expert, and Mr. Arjun Dhakal, Economist for successfully completing the study and preparing this report.
We are also thankful to Ms. Jyotsana Dhungana, Ms. Sabina Maharjan, and Mr. Padam Adhikari for providing technical administrative and logistic support for the study.
ADAPT-Nepal
July 2017
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Abbreviations
ADS Agriculture Development Strategy
ASHA Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas
CBO Community Based Organization
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
CC Climate Change
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
DADO District Agriculture Development Office
DDC District Development Committees
DEECCCC District level Energy Environment and Climate Change Coordination Sub Committee
DFO District Forest Office
DFTQC Department of Food Technology and Quality Control
DLS Department of Livestock Services
DLSO District Livestock Service Office
DoA Department of Agriculture
DSCO District Soil Conservation Office
DSCWM Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management
EWS Early Warning System
FFS Farmers Field School
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FTEC Forestry Training and Extension Centre
GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion
GIS Geographical Information System
GoN Government of Nepal
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GPS Global Positioning System
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
KII Key Informant Interview
KM Knowledge Management
LA Line Agency
LAPAs Local Adaptation Plans for Actions
MoAD Ministry of Agricultural Development
MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation
MoLD Ministry of Livestock Development
MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment
MSFP Multi Stakeholders Forestry Programme
NA Not Available
NAPA National Adaptation Programmes of Action
NCSSP Nepal Climate Change Support Programme
NGO Non-governmental Organization
PES Payment for Ecosystem Services
REED Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
RTEC Regional Training and Extension Centre
UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework
VEECCCC Village Level Energy Environment and Climate Change Coordination Sub Committee
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...... i Abbreviations ...... ii Table of Contents ...... iv List of Figures ...... vi List of Tables ...... vii List of Boxes ...... viii Executive Summary ...... ix Chapter 1: Introduction ...... 1 1.1.Background ...... 1 1.2 Objectives ...... 2 1.3 Scope ...... 2 1.4 Limitation ...... 3 1.5 Organization of the report ...... 3 Chapter 2: Methodology and approach ...... 4 2.1 Desk Study ...... 4 2.2. Conceptual Framework and Tools Development ...... 4 2.3. Tools development and validation ...... 5 2.4. Development of conceptual framework for capacity assessment of district level line agencies ...... 6 2.5. Field visit to districts ...... 7 2.6. Preparation of preliminary reports on gap assessment and capacity development plan ...... 7 2.7. Regional level interactions ...... 8 2.8. Central level consultations ...... 8 2.9. Preparation of final report ...... 9 Chapter 3: Assignment Outcomes ...... 10 3.1 Reviews of Sectoral Policies ...... 10 3.2 Institutional Analysis ...... 16 3.2.1 Forestry Sector...... 16 3.2.2 Agriculture Sector ...... 21 3.2.3 Livestock Sector ...... 23 3.2.4 Knowledge management ...... 25 3.3 Capacity Gap Assessment of relevant organization working on CCA...... 28 3.3.1 Capacity Development Gaps in project districts ...... 28 3.3.2 Status of local official forums ...... 28 3.3.3 Non Government organization ...... 28 3.3.4 Gaps in LAPAs Prepared in Past ...... 29 3.3.5 Additional gaps in NCSSP LAPA ...... 30 3.3.6 LAPA Preparation with Enhanced Approach in ASHA ...... 32
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3.4 Capacity Development Needs ...... 34 3.4.1 Capacity Development Needs Relating to Forests and Soil Conservation ...... 34 3.4.2 Capacity development needs for agriculture ...... 43 3.4.3 Capacity Development Needs Relating to Livestock ...... 55 Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 62 References ...... 65 Annex ...... viii Annex 1: Set of Questions for Central level Organizations ...... viii Annex 2: List of Participants in Central Level Tools Validation Workshop ...... xxxi Annex 3: Movement Schedule (January and February, 2017) ...... xxxii Annex 4: List of groups where FGD is conducted...... xxxiii Annex 5: A List of Officials Consulted in districts ...... xxxiv Annex 6: List of Participants in Regional Level Workshop at Nepalgunj ...... xxxvii Annex 7: List of Participants in Central-level Sharing Workshop ...... xxxix List of Persons Consulted in Central Level ...... xl Annex 8: Organizational Structure of Ministries and Departments ...... xli Annex 9: Human Resources in Ministries and Department ...... xlviii Annex 10: Major communication media in the project districts...... lii Annex 11: CCA related activities of NGOs ...... liii Annex 12: Pictorial highlights of field visit ...... liv
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Study Area ...... 1
Figure 2: A Conceptual framework for policy and institutional strengthening at central level ...... 5
Figure 3: Tools validation workshop ...... 5
Figure 4: A Conceptual framework for district level line agencies staff's capacity enhancement for LAPA preparation...... 6
Figure 5: Interaction with the community at Kalikot District ...... 7
Figure 6: Interaction with District Officials at Jajarkot District ...... 7
Figure 7: Regional level workshop at Nepalgunj ...... 8
Figure 8: Central level workshop at Kathmandu ...... 8
Figure 9: Conceptual Framework of Enhanced LAPA Approach in ASHA ...... 33
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List of Tables Table 1: Target set for the renewable energy by NRREP ...... 15 Table 2: Current Staff Composition of Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation ...... 19 Table 3: Technical Human Resources in Six DFOs ...... 19 Table 4: Staff Composition of MoAD ...... 21 Table 5: Technical Human Resources in six DADO Offices ...... 23 Table 6: Staff Composition of MoLD ...... 24 Table 7: The number of livestock service centers and sub-centers in the ASHA project districts...... 25 Table 8: Training identified for communities in forestry in priority order and their durations .... 37 Table 9 : Training identified for line agency staff in forestry in priority order and their durations ...... 43 Table 10: Training identified for district level staffs in agriculture according to priority and their durations ...... 55 Table 11: Training identified for communities ...... 58 Table 12: Summary of knowledge gap and knowledge needs analysis in ASHA Project at Central Level ...... 60 Table 13: Summary of knowledge gap and knowledge needs analysis in ASHA Project Districts ...... 60
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List of Boxes
Box 1: Recommendation for forestry for local communities ...... 36
Box 2: Recommendations for line agencies staff for forestry sector ...... 42
Box 3: Recommendations for communites for agriculture ...... 47
Box 4: Recemmendation for agriculture from regional workshop ...... 49
Box 5: Recommendtions for line agencies staff in agriculture ...... 54
Box 6: Recommendation from regional workshop for agriculture ...... 54
Box 7: Recommendation for communities for livestock sector ...... 57
Box 8: Recommendation for livestock for line agencies staff...... 59
Box 9: Recommendation for knowledge management for central level ...... 60
Box 10: Recommendation on knowledge management for district levels ...... 61
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Executive Summary
The Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) project is being implemented by the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MoFSC) for a period of six years with the assistance of International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in 6 mid-western hilly districts of Nepal, namely, Salyan, Kalikot, Dailekh, Rolpa and Rukum. The project districts are highly vulnerable to climate change. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) has identified Jajarkot as very high vulnerable, Salyan, Kalikot, Dailekh as high and Rolpa and Rukum as moderately vulnerable to climate change.
The overall objective of the assignment, Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Screening with Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Consideration, was to enable Government of Nepal's line ministries, district institutions and their service providers to be responsive to smallholder farmer's adaptation needs through the NAPA and LAPA preparation and implementation. The expected outputs are: Conduct CC adaptation screening of MoFSC, MoAD, MoLD, MoPE, MoFALD and ASHA project districts (Salyan, Rukum, Rolpa, Dailekh, Kalikot and Jajarkot), Assess the current staff competencies and the required capacity building needs for the effective preparation and implementation of enhanced LAPAs in a gender and socially inclusive manner, Conduct detailed assessment of institutional and staff capacity gaps in enhanced LAPA preparation and implementation with GESI consideration, and Prepare action plan to enhance ministry and district capacities to apply GESI sensitive climate change mitigation and adaptation planning through enhanced LAPA preparation and implementation.
The capacity gap assessment was carried out by following the methodology as below:
Desk Study Preparation of Conceptual Framework for centre Development of Tools for Field Data Collection Workshop on Validation of Tools Field Visits for Data/Idea Collection Preparation of Draft Gap Assessment Report Regional Level Workshop For Feedback Central Level Workshop for Feedback Preparation of Final Report
In all workshops at centre level, representatives from five ministries (Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture Development, Ministry of Livestock Development, Ministry of Population and Environment, and Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local
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Development) and departments under them were participated. In districts, meeting was held with 12 groups of communities, where 611 persons participated. Among them, FGD was conducted with knowledgeable 85 persons from the communities. Similarly, in districts line agencies of forestry, agriculture, livestock, women development, District Development Committees (DDC) were consulted. Several head of district office and subordinate staff were met, which include 66 persons for Key Informant Interview (KII).
A capacity gap assessment and identification of capacity need was conducted for four line agencies namely forestry, agriculture, livestock and DDC in relation to climate change adaptation and gender equity and social inclusion (GESI).
Capacity development activities were identified in thematic wise. In forestry, for communities, 10 capacity development package (training and others) was identified and 4 relating to forestry in GESI. Major topic of the training include incorporation of water issues in forest management plan, forest fire management, GESI and CC main streaming, social inclusion, conflict management. Similarly, for line agency official 13 capacity development package and 2 GESI package are identified. These include: Orientation on climate change adaptation to new officials, water focused forest management, conflict and risk management, and social inclusion.
In agriculture, for communities 11 technical capacity development package were identified which include use and refinement of local knowledge, introduction of high yielding crops, improved agriculture and water management, etc. In social side, GESI and CCA training was identified for local community, line agency officials and newly elected local government leader.
In livestock, 5 technical capacity development packages are identified, which are animal housing and management, feeds and feeding, pasture development, animal health, livestock economics. In addition, GESI and CCA training were identified for local community, line agency officials and elected local government officials.
In addition, policy analysis was also done from climate change adaptation and GESI perspectives. Similarly, institutional gap analysis was also done, where the study recommended establishment of climate change adaptation sections or units in the ministries where presently do not exists.
It is recommended that all of these capacity development trainings should be conducted from learning by doing methods, because this enables the stakeholders to see, practise and learn practically.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Background
The Adaptation for Smallholders in Hilly Areas (ASHA) project is being implemented by the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MoFSC) for a period of six years with the assistance of International Fund For Agricultural Development (IFAD) in six mid-western hilly districts of Nepal, namely, Salyan, Kalikot, Dailekh, Rolpa and Rukum, considerably the most vulnerable districts from climate change impact perspective. Figure 1: Study Area
ASHA project aims to strengthen the adaptive capacity of communities and institutions to better contend with climate change risks. The project has two main components: Framework for local- level climate adaptation strengthened and Climate resilience of vulnerable smallholders improved. Of the two main components, the second component aims to improve the climate resilience of vulnerable smallholders in the districts.
The present assignment of, Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Screening with Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Consideration has been undertaken as part of second component. It attempts to assess the central and district level staff capacities within the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MoFSC), Ministry of Agricultural Development (MoAD), Ministry of Livestock Development (MoLD), Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE) and Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) to facilitate adaptation and reduce the vulnerability of smallholders farmers to climate related risks in a gender and socially inclusive manner.
The task of CCA Screening with Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Consideration project was entrusted by ASHA project to the Association for Development of Environment and People in Transition (ADAPT–Nepal). Under this assignment, capacity building, knowledge management and institutional strengthening needs of the respective line ministries and districts, including the capacity needs of the communities has been assessed and a capacity building plan has been prepared to enhance the capacity of line agencies’ staffs working at central and district levels to implement sector specific adaptation programmes and increase adaptive capacity of the communities.
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1.2 Objectives The overall objective of the assignment was to enable Government of Nepal's line ministries, district institutions and their service providers to be responsive to smallholder farmer's adaptation needs through the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) and Local Adaptation Plan of Action (LAPA) preparation and implementation.
The specific objectives of the assignment were to: Conduct CCA screening of MoFSC, MoAD, MoLD, MoPE, MoFALD and ASHA project districts (Salyan, Rukum, Rolpa, Dailekh, Kalikot and Jajarkot), Assess the current staff competencies and the required capacity building needs for the effective preparation and implementation of enhanced LAPAs in a gender and socially inclusive manner, Conduct detailed assessment of institutional and staff capacity gaps in enhanced LAPA preparation and implementation with GESI consideration, and Prepare an action plan to enhance ministry and district capacities to apply GESI sensitive climate change mitigation and adaptation planning through enhanced LAPA preparation and implementation.
1.3 Scope The scopes of climate adaptation capacity screening at ministry and district level line agencies are given below:
Identify knowledge gaps in the management and senior technical staffs on CC impacts and GESI issues in Nepal, and on mitigation and adaptation strategies considering GESI issues for vulnerable smallholder farmers, with a CCA and GESI training programme designed to address the identified gaps. Identify knowledge and capacity gaps of management and technical staff, particularly at the district level, in sub-watershed based planning and participatory scenario development (PSD) to support holistic local level planning. Recommend to enhance current capacities of MoFSC, MoAD, MoLD, MoFALD and MoPE for monitoring climate change mitigation and adaptation practices at field level, with clear recommendations for strengthening monitoring and its feedback loop to policy revision as well as to the enhanced LAPA preparation. Prepare an action plan to enhance district capacities to apply holistic GESI sensitive climate change mitigation and adaptation planning through participatory community driven processes. Identify gaps in sector policies relevance to Climate Change (CC) risks and resulting vulnerabilities, and policy contribution to CC mitigation, adaptation and resilience building, with clear recommendations developed to address the identified policy gaps.
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1.4 Limitation As the country is in the process of practicing federal administrative restructuring and it is anticipated that a lot of changes will take place in the organization structure, functions and staffing, of both the central level ministries and local level line agencies. However, this study has not covered this aspect as the project was initiated in earlier administrative setting and it was not possible to give attention to this aspect due to time constraint.
1.5 Organization of the report This report has been parted into four chapters. The outline of the report is given as below:
1. Introduction 2. Methodology and approach 3. Assignment Outcomes 4. Conclusion and Recommendation
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Chapter 2: Methodology and approach
The methodology used for the assignment include: desk study, framework development, tools development and validation, field visits, consultations with stakeholders at central and field levels. Furthermore, discussion and workshops were conducted at both regional and national levels.
2.1 Desk Study A desk study was conducted to collect information on climate change adaptation from secondary sources that include policy documents, reports, profiles and factsheets published by line ministries, departments and other agencies. These documents mainly include: Water Resources Strategy 2002, National Agriculture Policy 2004, Agro-biodiversity Policy 2007, National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management 2009, National Adaptation Programme of Action 2010, Climate Change Policy 2011, National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans of Action 2011, Land Use Policy 2012, Forest Sector GESI Strategy 2014, Water Induced Disaster Management Policy 2015, Agriculture Development Strategy 2015, Forest Sector Strategy 2016, Intended Nationally Determined Contribution 2016 and National Adaptation Plan 2017.
2.2. Conceptual Framework and Tools Development A conceptual framework was developed for policy analysis and institutional capacity strengthening at central level, which is presented below in Figure 2 and 4.
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Steps Process Outcome
* Review of existing sectoral and GESI STEP 1: policies and identification of gaps
Policy and * Review of organizational structures, Institutional functions and human resources
Analysis *Discussion and interaction on existing policies, institutional arrangements and
capacity of staff from CC and GESI Policy reforms and perspectives institutional capacity on * Identification of capacity gaps adaptation planning and
implementation *Identification of new policy measures strengthened at central STEP 2: *Discussion and feedback collection on level Recommendation the identified policy measures on Policy and *Appropriate policy measures Institutional recommendation Strengthening *Interaction on capacity needs and recommendations on capacity development programmes
Figure 2: A Conceptual framework for policy and institutional strengthening at central level
2.3. Tools development and validation Based on desk study and consultations with concerned officials, a section wise check list was developed to assess capacity assessment needs of central level and district level line agencies’ staff (Annex 1). The developed tool/checklist was shared with the participants of the workshop organized at national level (3rd January) and validated by the workshop. The workshop was participated by the officials of line ministries and ASHA project officials (Annex 2). Figure 3: Tools validation workshop
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2.4. Development of conceptual framework for capacity assessment of district level line agencies Almost a similar conceptual framework was developed to assess capacity of district line agencies’ staffs and institutions. The framework is presented in Figure 4 below:
Steps Process Outcome
STEP 1: *Study of existing LAPA document Study of *Identification of knowledge and LAPA skill needed to prepare LAPA Preparation Process
Identification of capacity constraints to perform existing and future jobs of Capacity A plan for STEP 2: district level line agencies staff through Gap Capacity Problem KII, interaction, group discussion with Assessment Development Analysis officials of line agencies, NGOs/CBOs. Report
Identification of gaps in skills & knowledge Identification of capacity development programmes such as: *Watershed management (forest) *Water harvest and storage (agriculture) *Shelter and pasture management STEP 3: (livestock)
Capacity *Livelihood enhancement (GESI focus) development *Development of knowledge products analysis (knowledge management)
Figure 4: A Conceptual framework for district level line agencies staff's capacity enhancement for LAPA preparation
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2.5. Field visit to districts The study team visited to six ASHA project districts (Salyan, Rukum, Rolpa, Jajarkot, Dailekh and Kalikot) to assess capacity needs of line agencies including their staff. The cooperation from ASHA project’s district coordinator and concerned district forest officer were obtained to facilitate interactions with other line agency staff and communities. Details of the itinery is given in Annex 3.
Figure 5: Interaction with the community at Kalikot District
At district level, cosnultations were held with 12 community groups and their opinions sought on the capacity needs of the community. Altogether a total of 611 persons had participated. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with 85 persons selected from among 12 groups. The list of FGD participant is given in Annex 4. A key Informant Interview was conducted with a total of 66 officials from project districts (see Annex 5).
Figure 6: Interaction with District Officials at Jajarkot District
2.6. Preparation of preliminary reports on gap assessment and capacity development plan During the field visit, study conducted for the LAPA formulation (Preparation and implementation) process. Problems encountered by local communities and line agency staff in the preparation and implementation of LAPA were identified and analyzed. Issues on GESI were also discussed, and problems faced by government agencies/ service providers and local communities on GESI during LAPA preparation and implementation were analyzed. On the basis of the problems, need of capacity building topics in different subjects and tools such as trainings, seminars, conferences, workshops, study tours, exposure visits, intensive studies and researches were identified to enhance capacity development. Based on the information received from consultation, FGD, group discussion and key informants interviews, capacity gap at district level was assessed and capacity development need was identified. A field reports were prepared including all these aspects and submitted to ASHA project office.
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2.7. Regional level interactions The findings of the field study shared in two- days (31 May-1 June, 2017) Regional Workshop held in Nepalgunj. The interaction was participated by officials from DADO, DFO, IDD, DCC, WCO, WCDO, WSSSDO, MWRFD, DPCU, DLSO, and DSCO from all the project districts. A list of participants participated in the workshop is presented in Annex 6. The draft reports were further improved after incorporating feedback received from the workshop.
Figure 7: Regional level workshop at Nepalgunj
2.8. Central level consultations Central level consultation (25 June) was held with officials of five line ministries (MoFSC, MoAD, MoLD, MoFALD and MoPE) and departments under them to assist capacity gaps of institutions and their staffs and to identify capacity needs. The officials visited are shown in Annex 7. A matrix table was used to analyse the capacity gap assessment of staff working in forestry, livestock, agriculture, women development and DDC.
Figure 8: Central level workshop at
Kathmandu
The table shows relationship and analysis between four parameters namely, a) Activities to be done by stakeholders b) Problems faced, c) Capacity development needs d) Recommended capacity development (training plus others) package.
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2.9. Preparation of final report The final reports (Capacity Gap Assessment CCA with GESI Consideration and Plan for Capacity Development CCA with GESI Consideration) were prepared by incorporating suggesstions and feedbacks received from ASHA Project Team and staffs from line ministries (MoFSC, MoAD, MoLD, MoFALD and MoPE) and staffs from line agencies forestry, agriculture, livestock, DDC during regional level validation workshop and central level validation workshop. The reports identified capacity gaps of line ministries and line agency staffs and communities and also developed capacity development plan report to mainstream CCA aspects from ministries to districts, and for the communities.
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Chapter 3: Assignment Outcomes
The outcomes of the study mainly include reviews of major sectoral policies, institutional analysis of key line ministries and identified key capacity gaps in the context of climate change adaptation capacity assessment with GESI consideration
3.1 Reviews of Sectoral Policies
Water Resources Strategy, 2002 It aims to undertake effective measures adopted to manage water related disasters and mitigate their adverse effect in 15 years and effective water induced disaster management system are functional in 25 years. Full-scale watershed/aquatic ecosystems activities implemented in 15 years and watersheds and aquatic systems managed sustainably in 25 years. The strategy has not covered climate change and GESI aspects. However, this strategy is in the process of revision.
National Agriculture Policy, 2004 This policy focuses on enhancing the capacity of farmers. It adopts the policy to minimize the negative impact on soil and water bodies and other environmental problems associated with the use of agri-chemicals. It has also given emphasis on the diminishing use of vet-medicines and hormones. It encourages the production and use of organic manures. It focuses on the conservation of bio-diversity by promoting the establishment of gene bank and in-situ conservation. It has given priority to develop conservation-led agriculture system initiating river training activities and watershed management through local participation. However, this policy does not specifically speak anything about climate change, but it has acknowledged the importance of monitoring of the changes in climatic conditions and the possibilities of natural calamities such as excessive rains, drought, and diseases. It aims to increase the involvement and participation of women to 50 percent in the possible areas of implementation of agricultural programmes. The policy intends to provide special incentives to dalits, suppressed and marginalized farmers who hold less than half hectare of land and has limited irrigation facility and agricultural labourers. The policy intends to attract educated unemployed youths in agriculture profession by providing them trainings on the establishment and operation of agro- enterprises. The policy has emphasized to bring women, dalits and backward classes under information system.
Agro-biodiversity Policy 2007 The policy has given emphasis on conservation of agriculture biodiversity and climate friendly development while carrying out Environment Impact Assessment of development projects and development and promotion of the climate change adaptive capacity species and varieties through identification, documentation, study-research, evaluation and mapping of climate change
10 impact tolerant genetic resources and material. This policy plans to conduct programs through inclusion of women, adivasi, janajati and disadvantaged group in exploration, promotion and utilization of farmer's traditional knowledge for enhancing productivity, and implement job oriented and income generating program in coordination and collaboration with government, farming communities (women, adivasi, janajati and neglected group) and private sector for sustainable utilization of agro- biodiversity. The policy does not state clearly any mechanism for inclusion of women, adivasi, janajati and disadvantaged group in agro-biodiversity conservation, protection and promotion. This policy has not taken climate change adaptation into account
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 It has given emphasis on mainstreaming of all issues on gender and social inclusions into all phases of DRM. It has not acknowledged the linkage between climate change and disaster management.
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), 2010 NAPA has briefly described the impacts of climate change in six major areas (agriculture and food security, water resources and energy, climate-induced disasters, forest and biodiversity, public health). NAPA has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and adaptation options for six thematic areas (agriculture and food security, water resources and energy, climate-induced disasters, forest and biodiversity, public health, urban settlements and infrastructure). NAPA document has considered gender related issues as cross- cutting sector. NAPA has documented the implication of the climate change impacts through gender sensitive analysis.
The document has not stated anything with respect to social inclusion. There is lack of clear mechanism for participation of disadvantaged, marginalized, backward, socially excluded groups and women in decision making as the involvement has been limited to representation only. The key adaptation needs are very briefly described and the on- ground needs has not be reflected clearly.
Climate Change Policy, 2011 It plans to promote climate adaptation and adoption of effective measures to address adverse impacts of climate change through technology development and transfer, public awareness raising, capacity building and access to financial resources. It aims to implement climate adaptation-related programmes and maximize the benefits by enhancing positive impacts and mitigating the adverse impacts, enhance the climate adaptation and resilience capacity of local communities for optimum utilization of natural resources and their efficient management, and to develop capacity for identifying and quantifying present and future impacts of climate change, adapting to climate risks and adverse impacts of climate change.
The Policy has mentioned implementation of priority actions for climate change adaptation identified in NAPA, and identification and implementation of medium and long term adaptation 11 actions for communities and people in the areas negatively impacted by climate change and climate induced disaster prone areas. It has depicted the implementation of adaptation activities in priority vulnerable glaciers by studying and monitoring the status of glacier and glacier lakes. It has advocated formulation and implementation of action plan for climate change adaptation and low GHG emission by ensuring the public private partnership. The policy has stated the implementation of climate adaptation and climate change related programmes ensuring the participation of poor people, dalits, marginalized indigenous communities, women, children and youth. It has endorsed the identification and documentation of climate-friendly traditional techniques, indigenous skills and knowledge, their utilization and improvement. It has given emphasis on identification of the people, communities and areas impacted by climate change and implementation of adaptation and impact mitigation measures based on local knowledge, skills and technologies.
Though, it has provision for climate change adaptation, it does not mention about mainstreaming climate change adaptation in development planning. The policy, itself, has identified certain risks in terms of clear mechanisms in prioritizing adaptation and mitigation measures, information sharing, lack of coordination for implementation of policies and programmes, inability in managing resources, lack of laws for implementation of policies, lack of initiation and support of national and local governments, NGOs and private sectors including user groups. However, there is no any plan or strategy or mechanism for risk management in the policy.
National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans of Action (LAPA), 2011 This framework provides for steps for LAPA formulation and implementation. It includes the tools for climate change sensitization, vulnerability and adaptation assessment, prioritization of adaptation options, LAPA formulation, integrating LAPA into local and national planning processes, assessing LAPA progress. It adopts bottom-up, inclusive, responsive and flexible as four guiding principles of national framework on LAPA. It stresses on the identification and integration of needs of households and communities at most risk to climate change, economically poor, deprived of public services and socially disadvantaged households and communities into development planning through inclusive planning. The integration of LAPA into national and local planning has not been effective yet. The role of women, backward community, marginalized community, socially excluded group is not defined.
Land-use policy, 2012 It plans to maintain at least 40 percent land under forests. It stresses to carry out development activities on the principles of sustainable development considering the impacts of climate change. It plans to build green-belt on the banks of irrigation canals and ponds and road sides and to initiate effective protection measures for controlling soil-erosion in hilly-areas.
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Forest Sector GESI Strategy, 2014 It aims to implement decentralized targeted livelihoods oriented program for poor, women and other excluded group and enhance gender and social inclusion sensitiveness of programs and organizations working in the forestry sector. It envisages to provide at least 33% reservation for women candidates, particularly from excluded groups, in new staff recruitment and selection. It plans to implement skills development and gender and social inclusion orientation programs from central up to group level and gender and social inclusion sensitive working procedure in organizations and programs in the forestry sector. The strategy is not implemented effectively k at all levels-central, district and community levels.
Water Induced Disaster Management Policy, 2015 This policy aims to implement short-term, medium-term and long-term programs for preventing and managing hydrological hazards on priority basis as per master plan.
Agriculture Development Strategy, 2015-2035 Agriculture Development Strategy (ADS) has recognized the importance of increasing resilience to climate change for increasing agriculture productivity and one of its expected output is improved resilience of farmers to climate change events, disasters, and idiosyncratic shocks through the combination of measures such as adoption of stress tolerant varieties of crops and animal species, establishment of early warning systems (EWS), piloting of a farmers’ welfare fund, promotion of agricultural insurance, strengthening of food and seed reserves system, and improving capacity of extension staff and farmers in climate smart agricultural practices
ADS has set 10 outputs as to achieve outcome of improved governance and among 10 outputs one is to establish a comprehensive set of mechanisms at the policy, planning, and implementation levels to assure gender equity, social inclusion, and geographical inclusion in the ADS through capacity building of relevant institutions at the central and local level. It aims to carry out activities that include: strengthening of the Gender Equity and Environmental Division (GEED), maintenance of national level GESI and geographic inclusion based statistics, establishment and strengthening of GESI staff at central and district level line agencies, enhancement of qualitative and quantitative aspects of participation of men and women farmers, making the agricultural extension service GESI responsive in all districts, and improvement in access of farmers, promotion of GESI responsiveness in agricultural research, and development of a GESI strategy.
Forest Sector Strategy (2016-2025) Among five major outcomes the strategy has set fourth outcome as Climate resilience capacity of society and forest ecosystems enhanced. The strategy has recognized the importance of forestry sector in responding climate change. It aims to support the adaptive capacity of local communities and forest ecosystems and promote ecosystem-based and community-based resilience measures. It sets activities to establish forest carbon trade or payment mechanisms by
13 linking forests, biodiversity and watershed conservation and management and develop and strengthen mechanisms for payment for ecosystem services (PES). It promotes biomass-based renewable energy.
The strategy has set the milestones for 20-year for climate change which are Nepal’s forest carbon stock enhanced by at least 5%, mean annual deforestation rate is reduced to 0.05%, forest carbon trade/payment mechanisms in operation, at least 200,000 ha areas are protected through implementation of adaptation plan, community/ecosystem-based adaptation approach mainstreamed.
The strategy aims to strengthen the climate resilience of people, communities, forests and ecosystems and contribute to mitigate global climate change through REDD+ approaches. It has listed priority actions for adapting to climate change and mitigating to climate change. It has given emphasis on representation of women, dalits, ethnic and indigenous people in leadership positions and on key decision-making forums proportionate to their population as one of the milestone to be achieved in 20-year.It has prioritized the actions to promote gender equality, inclusive development and social and economic uplift of poor, women, dalit, janajati, adivasi and other marginalized people in integrated soil and watershed plans and programmes.
It has prioritized the action to increase the proportional representation of women, dalits, janajati and other socially excluded groups in MoFSC’s structure and decision-making positions through positive discrimination, adopt GESI principles and take affirmative action accordingly for inclusion of women, dalits, janajati, adivasi and other socially excluded groups in all HRM functions, particularly of government forestry sector institutions, covering selection, appointment, performance appraisal, transfer, incentives, promotion, institutionalization of learning and career development, along with a fair and effective grievance handling mechanism, mainstream the implementation of the GESI strategy by all forestry sector stakeholders and in all plans and programmes by establishing GESI unit within the division of MoFSC with defined roles and responsibilities and by ensuring that sufficient authority and responsibility are assigned to Gender Focal Points, adopt the gender responsive budgeting guidelines of the Ministry of Finance during planning, programming and budgeting and ensure that allocated budget is appropriately monitored and reported, maintain zero tolerance policy on sexual harassment and gender-based violence in every organization in the forestry sector.
The strategy focuses on adaptation and improvement of forest management plan. But, doesn’t specifically mention which activities to undertake in relation to CCA.
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, 2016 Due to its condition as developing country, Nepal will need technical and financial supports from development partners to provide relevant technologies, and build its capacity to be cleaner and greener while flourishing as one of the top tourism destinations in the world. In view of this,
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Nepal should follow the low-carbon development path while promoting climate adaptation and resilience.
For this purpose, Nepal have committed its promising targets on climate change, major targets include: By 2020 Nepal will formulate and implement National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to reduce climate vulnerabilities. Nepal will aim to place climate change adaptation at the center of its development plans and policies Nepal will undertake a scientific (physical and social sciences) approach to understand and deal with the impacts of climate change in mountains, hills and lowland ecosystems and landscapes. Nepal will finalize and start implementation of the Low Carbon Economic Development Strategy to promote economic development with low carbon emissions. By 2050, Nepal will achieve 100% electrification through renewable energy sources having appropriate energy mix. Nepal will also reduce it dependency on fossil fuels by 50%. Nepal aims to achieve the target under the National Rural and Renewable Energy Programme (NRREP), reducing its dependency on biomass and making it more efficient.
Table 1: Target set for the renewable energy by NRREP Area Target Mini and Micro Hydro Power 25 MW Solar Home System 600,000 systems Institutional solar power systems 1,500 systems Improved Cooking Stoves 475,000 stoves Biogas 130,000 household systems, 1,000 institutional and 200 community biogas plants
National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2017 NAP is prepared to address medium and long-term adaptation. As a first step, the framework and indicators on vulnerability and risk assessment has been developed by NAP experts to support the NAP process. The objective of NAP synthesis report is to summarize the information presented in the NAP thematic and cross-cutting sectoral stocktaking reports. The technical synthesis report summarizes the stocktaking reports that have been prepared for the nine thematic and cross cutting sectors.
NAP presents relevant information on the impacts of climate change on thematic and cross cutting areas, and on vulnerability and adaptive capacity, and assesses sectoral gaps and needs for the NAP process. Nine thematic area selected by NA are: Agriculture and Food Security (Nutrition)
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Climate Induced Disasters Forests and Biodiversity Gender and Marginalized Group (Social Inclusion) Livelihood and Governance Public Health (WASH) Tourism, Natural and Cultural Heritage (TNCH) Urban Settlements and Infrastructure Water Resources and Energy
3.2 Institutional Analysis Institutional analyses of line ministries and their agencies were undertaken focusing on existing organizational structures, functions and staffing with respect to climate change adaptation considering GESI as mentioned below:
3.2.1 Forestry Sector
Central Level Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MoFSC) is responsible for protection, management and promotion of forest, forest watersheds and other resources in forests. It also has the responsibility to formulate, implement and monitor policy, plan, programmes/projects related to climate change mitigation and adaptation pertaining to forestry sector. These resources are highly affected by climate change drivers like forest fire, drought, etc. MoFSC has five technical divisions and REDD Foresty and Climate Change Cell. Although CCA is very important for MoFSC, the ministry does not have a division or a section exclusively dealing with climate change. Most of the mitigation activities related with vegetation are done by the Department of Forests. Reducing Emission for Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Forestry and Climate Cell in the ministry is working more as a project than the regular government entity. The ministry also has Environment Section which supported in the preparation of NAPA, and is currently involved in the preparation of NAP. Climate change issues are also dealt by Foreign Aid Coordination Division and Planning Division. Organization structure of MoFSC and the status of human resources are given in Annex 8 and Ammex 9 respectively. It is extremely felt that there should be a climate change adaptation section or unit within the ministry preferably in Environment Division of the ministry. If REDD Forestry and Climate Change Cell is changed into regular division of MoFSC, then it can take the responsibilities related to climate change adaptation.
From the discussion held with concerned officials of MoFSC it was discovered that in MoFSC, most of the senior staff have adequate knowledge in climate change adaptation through national and international exposures. However, lower level officials have insufficient knowledge on climate change adaptation with inclusion of GESI. Similarly, newly recruited staff also possesses little knowledge on climate change aspect.
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The ministry has five departments, namely-Department of Forests (DoF), Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management (DSCWM), Department of Forest Research and Survey (DFRS) and Department of Plant Resources (DPR) and Department of National Parks and Wildlife ConservationThe Department of Forestis the largest department in terms of numbers of human resources and control in forest land. DoF has offices in 74 districts and one forester working as head of District Soil Conservation Office in Manang. DoF is involved in many climate adaptation related works such as forest management, protection of forest land from climate risks using different conservation technology like bio-engineering, plantation, etc. The department also supports and monitors activities of community forests and leasehold forest user groups, where large proportions of communities are involved in climate change adaptation activities. However, the officials working in the districts under the department do not have adequate knowledge in climate change adaptation.
DSCWM is another important department under the ministry which implements many activities which are directly related with climate change adaptation like preparing subwatershed management plan, gully control, protection of irrigation canal, bio-engineering and road side erosion control, water source protection, etc. The department has climate change section under Watershed Management Division. Organization structure and the number of staffs of the department is presented in Annex 8 and Annex 9 respectively. Besides forestry discipline, the department has staff from agriculture and civil engineering background.
DFRS is responsible for research on forestry including research on climate change adaptation. But, the department also does not have a dedicated section or unit for climate change adaptation. In the past, it did work as a focal point for generating data for National REDD Program. It is felt that DFRS should have a section or unit to handle research and survey work in climate change adaptation.
DPR is responsible for research and preparation of inventory of plant and herbal resources. DPR has mandate to do research on climate change adaptation for plants and herbs. If needed, the department will initiate appropriate research in climate change adaptation. Out of all the ASHA project districts, Salyan district has a Botanical Office to do appropriate research in small plants and herbs. DPR also has no section especially dealing with climate change, but climate change adaptation related works are currently dealt by Biodiversity Section. In the context of respondent's growing concerns of rural people on early flowering of Laligurans and other species, the department needs to undertake scientific research. However, current staffs do not have sufficient capacity to analyze the change of phonology in relation to change in temperature, moisture and other parameters of climate change. Although, long term research is not in the scope of ASHA, building such capacity is crucial to address climate change adaptation issues in Nepal. Its organizational structure and existing manpower is presented in Annex 8.
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DNPWC is responsible for the conservation of wildlife and management of national parks. It does not have a separate section to deal with climate change. In the context of growing impacts of climate change on faunas, it seems necessary for the department to have a section or unit dealing with issues in climate change adaptation.
In addition, there are five regional forestry directorates in each region. These are generally responsible for planning, monitoring and coordination of the activities done under the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. These offices coordinate, monitor and supervises field activities under MoFSC. These offices have also limited capacity and require capacity enhancement programmes, particularly in climate change adaptation.
There is a Forestry Training and Extension Centre (FTEC) in Babarmahal under MoFSC, which also has five regional training centers. FTEC is mandated to conduct officer level trainings, and Regional Training and Extension Centers (RTEC) are mandated for ranger and lower level trainings. RTEC has already initiated many trainings, including climate change adaptation trainings for REDD program. The proposed trainings for officers mentioned in a capacity development plan could be conducted through FTEC and field level trainings should be coordinated with Mid-Western RTEC in Surkhet.
MoFSC has designated GESI focal person whose responsibilities mainly include: review of policies and programmes and contribute in formulating GESI focused acts, regulations, identification, formulation and implementation of programmes. MoFSC has been pioneer in introducing and implementing GESI sensitive programmes right at community level from the beginning of community forestry programme in Nepal. However, looking at the staff composition at the central level agencies, there still seems low representation of indigenous peoples, lower caste group and women, more so in higher positions. With the adoption of GESI policy by the government, the number of women, indigenous peoples and lower caste groups in officers' position and number are increasing under MoFSC. There are some female officials working in the ministry can be seen right from the level of Joint Secretary. Current situations of employs from different background is shown Table 1. But, from the perspective of GESI, there is inadequate number of women, dalit and indigenous people working in the MoFSC. This situation should be improved in coming days.
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Table 2: Current Staff Composition of Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation
MoFSC with Caste groups Ethnic groups Dalits Madhesi Vacant Total GESI HR Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female post representation Secretary -- - 1 ------1 Joint 6 1 1 ------8 Secretary Under 4 ------4 Secretary Gazetted 22 6 5 3 - - 1 - 4 41 officers Non 9 4 2 - 1 - - - 5 21 Gazetted officers Office 6 2 4 1 - - - - 7 20 helper Driver 3 - 5 - - - - - 3 11 Total 50 13 18 4 1 - 1 - 19 106 Source: Staffs information 2070/1/25(provided from Administration for this work), Jestha, 15, 2074.
District Level There is a District Forest Office (DFO) in each project district which is responsible for protection, management and use of forest resources in the districts. With the commencement of community based forest management, they also provide support to local user groups and individuals in their thematic roles. A total of 297 forestry technical staffs are currently working in project districts. Due to field based nature of the work number of female is less in forestry sector, but currently in increasing stage. In forestry insititution, like Institute of Forestry in Hetaunda and Pokhara, presently there are more female or equal number of male and female.The position and number in districts are given in Table 3, where there are two women forest officer working in Rukum, DFO as Class III Officer. Similarly, there are a few working in rangers and positons below. However, this situation of GESI representation in District Forest Offices are not up to the required level, therefore, this should be improved in coming days.
Table 3: Technical Human Resources in Six DFOs
Level/Dist. Kalikot Dailekh Jajarkot Rolpa Rukum Salyan G II 1 1 1 1 1 1 G III 5 8 9 8 9 11 Ranger 3 3 3 3 3 5 Forester 4 9 8 9 9 8 For. guard 16 32 32 32 31 31 Total 29 53 53 53 53 56
Illaka Forest Office is the grassroot level office in the district under DFO and these offices provide support to local communities by providing permits for collection of different forest
19 products from government forests. In the case of community forests, staff of District Forest Office provides technical assistance to the communities in different technical works such as preparation of forest operation plan and implementation of the plans by providing support in sustainable forest management, forest nursery operation, plantation, etc. Recently, a mandatory arrangement has been made to include climate change aspects in operational plan and there should be a separate chapter in the operational plan on the effects of climate change on the forests and methods to deal with problems caused by climate change.
Similarly, there are District Soil Conservation Offices (DSCOs) in only four project districts (Salyan, Rukum, Rolpa, Dailekh). DSCOs are responsible for management and conservation of watershed in the public and private land which is the main source of water for drinking and irrigation for local communities. The increasing degradation of watershed is posing growing challenge in water availability and environmental protection, especially in climate change context in the district. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Act has given full authority to District Soil Conservation Officer to identify degraded watershedas a problematic area and dictate land use in the area in favor of conservation. But, due to paucity of human resource, this provision of the act has not been implemented yet. Most of the activities being undertaken by DSCO such as torrent control, protection of water source, construction of conservation pond, etc., are closely related with climate change. DSCOs are supporting local communities in land use planning, conservation and protection of water sources, construction of conservation ponds, slope stabilization through bio-engineering, plantation of grasses and trees, river trainings, etc. However, there is a very few technical human resource in DSCOs which is not adequate to meet the needs and demands of local communities. As a result, the activities of DSCOs are limited to small area such as specific sub- watershed or to a micro plan. In total, there is only 20 technical staff in four project districts, the number and rank of the staff is given in Annex 9.
Institutional Capacity Gaps The line agencies are planning and implementing conventional programs as in the past. As climate change is relatively new issue, the district offices are not well equipped to face the challenges brought by climate change. Hence, these institutions are not proficient to identify and implement climate change adaptation activities under their jurisdiction. There is also gap in human resources in districts under MoFSC. There is also no provision of CCA and GESI focal points in district office.
Availability of field equipments and tools are highly related with efficiency in field. The district line agencies do not have the equipments and (1) Computers with appropriate software for GIS works like preparing maps, analysis, interpretation, updating sub-watershed management and for updating websites, training in website (2) Audio visual like movie camera for communication or knowledge management (3) Field gears such as shoes, jackets, raincoats etc. There is high demand of technical staff for capacity development plan to enhance their capacity, particularly in climate change adaptation. 20
3.2.2 Agriculture Sector
Central Level The Ministry of Agricultural Development (MoAD) is responsible for increasing production and productivity of agriculture sector ensuring food security in the country. The ministry basically aims at formulating and implementing the policies as per the necessity and possibility of the country to achieve high and sustainable development that contribute to food security and poverty eradication through the development and promotion of commercial and competitive agricultural system. The ministry has limited and inexperienced staff with respect to climate change adaptation. Organization structure of the ministry is given in Annex 8.
MOAD has five divisions and two departments under it, namely, Department of Agriculture (DOA) and Department of Food Technology and Quality Control (DFTQC). The ministry has a separate Environment and Climate Change Section under the Food Security, Agricultural Business Promotion and Environment Division. It has the responsibility to effectively implement Agricultural Development Strategy that work on all the contemporary issues related agriculture, including climate change. Although, the staffs in the ministry have basic knowledge on climate change, however they are in need of specialized knowledge on climate change adaptation for formulating and implementing climate resilient agriculture programs and projects.
MoAD has designated female officer to work as a Gender and Social Inclusion focal person in Gender Equity and Social Inclusion section. This section has published selected indicators of Gender and Social Inclusion in Agriculture sector and related agriculture programme. Women representation in higher position especially to the position of secretary and joint secretary is nil although women and ethnic group representation are visible at under secretary and officer level. The composition of staff of MoAD is shown in Table 4 below which reveals that there is no representation of dalit community in officer level staff. So, from GESI perspectives this situation should be improved in coming days.
Table 4: Staff Composition of MoAD Ministry of Agriculture Caste groups Ethnic groups Dalits Madhesi Vacant Total with GESI HR Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female post representation MoAD Secretary 1 ------1 Joint Secretary 4 ------4 Under 20 1 3 - - - 1 - 4 29 Secretary Gazetted 12 8 1 1 - - - - 10 32 officers Non Gazetted 15 7 5 4 - - - - - 31 officers Office helper 8 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 - 18 Driver 2 8 ------1 11 Total 62 26 12 6 1 1 2 1 15 126 Source: Retrieved from MoAD website on 31 June, 2017
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DOA is the main department of the ministry and is the largest department in Nepal in terms of its agencies, coverage, and workforce.It is responsible to implement agriculture development plans and programmes. It provides extension services to farmers through 378 agriculture service centres and also provides various trainings to extension workers and farmers to enhance their capacity through its training centres and demonstration in farmers' fields. It has 12 sections and altogether 184 offices under it. It has 5 Regional Agricultural Directorates, 5 Regional Agricultural Training Centres, one Fisheries development and Training Centre and 75 district Offices, among others. It has a total workforce of 2875. It has a separate human resource section but does not have a climate change section to deal with climate change adaptation and mitigation issues.
DFTQC has two divisions, namely, Food Quality Control Division and Food Technology Development and Training Division and 5 regional offices and 19 food inspection units. It is mainly responsible to ensure and enhance the quality and safety of food and feed products in the country. It also has a key role in augmenting appropriate food processing and post harvest techniques to promote agribusinesses and has been implementing various food and nutrition activities for the reduction of various forms and types of malnutrition in the country. This department does not have any activities that are directly linked with climate change aspects.
The National Agriculture Research Council (NARC) holds the sole responsibility of agriculture research in the country. It has various disciplinary divisions, cross-cutting divisions, regional directorates, commodity programs and research stations located in various parts of the country. The council conducts various research activities pertinent to both mitigation and adaptation technologies. NARC has developed various flood and drought-resistant varieties of crops and has recommended various agriculture practices to cope with climate change impacts.
District Level District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) is there in all project district DADO provides extension services directly or through agriculture service centers -to farming communities. It facilitates the formation of farmers' groups such as vegetables seed production, cereals production of elite varieties, fresh/off season vegetable production, water user groups, vegetable collection centres, market networking and provides help with inputs and technical services. DADO scales up new varieties and technological packages of food crops and vegetablesand organizes training programs on various thematic areas intended to increase the production and productivity. It is also responsible for promotion of 'one village one product' aiming at agricultural entrepreneurship development and enhancing agriculture marketing. The human resources in DADOs of the project districts are given in Table 5 below. However, most of staff working in the district is male and thus not GESI balanced. There should be involvement of more staff from GESI perspectives in coming days.
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Table 5: Technical Human Resources in six DADO Offices Technical Human District Resource Rolpa Salyan Rukum Jajarkot Dailekh Kalikot Officer II 1 1 1 1 1 1 Officer III 4 4 7 5 4 4 Technician (JT) 3+7 13 11 10 13 2 Technician (JTA) 2+6 7 4 3 5 11 Others 14* 19* 7* 20* 21* 12* Total 35 34 30 39 44 30 *The numbers in the “others row” are the technicians under 1 gaunpalika 1 JTA program
Institutional capacity gaps All of the districts encompass a vast heterogeneity regarding both biophysical and socioeconomic environment. The main occupation of the people in the districts is agriculture, mostly of subsistent nature, and with limited resources. Most of the farmers have marginal lands and hardly any access to inputs without easy access to market, mainly due to difficult terrain. District Agriculture Development Offices are trying their best to deliver the services as assigned by the government to boost up agricultural production. However, as climate change is relatively new issue, programs are not designed to address issues of climate change impacts. Although, there are number of technical officers and technicians in DADO, they are not well trained concerning climate change adaptation. Hence, they could not effectively deliver service to farmers regarding climate change adaptation. Similarly, there are limited numbers of agricultural services centres in the districts to provide timely extension services to farmers. The concept of GESI focal person is not introduced in district level.
3.2.3 Livestock Sector
Central level The Ministry of Livestock Development (MoLD) is a recently established ministry and is responsible for enhancing production and promotion of livestock and poultry and for development and expansion of livestock industries and enterprises in the country. The ministry has four divisions and only one department, namely, Department of Livestock Services (DLS). The ministry has a Biodiversity, Environment and Climate Change Section (BECCS) under Livestock Production and promotion Division. There are five Regional Directorates, two regional Training Centers and six Animal D isease Diagnostic Lab under the DLS structure. There are livestock and fodder production farms at different agr-ecological zone of the country. These set up serves as a resource center for animal and plant genetic resources. None of these Regional Directorate and farms have specific climate change related plan and program. However, the technical personnel of RD and DLSO have undertaken climate change Adaptation Trainings (short term training for 1 to 3 days) organized by other line agencies. The organization structure of the ministry is given in Annex 8.
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Although, Gender Equity and Social Inclusion section is established in the Ministry but no one is assigned to undertake this responsibility. Livestock profession is less attractive to women in comparison with males. There seems no representation of dalit in the ministry and less representation from ethnic and madhesi communities (Table 6). Thus, there is not adequate representation of GESI in MoFALD. This should also be improved in coming days.
Table 6: Staff Composition of MoLD Ministry of MoLD Upper cast Ethnic group Dalit Madhesi Vacant Total with GESI HR Group post representation Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female MoLD Secretary 1 ------1 Joint 4 ------4 Secretary Under 9 1 - - - - - 10 Secretary Section 4 4 3 - -- - 1 - - 12 Officers Non Gazetted 2 1 1 ------4
Office helper NA ------Driver NA ------
Total 20 6 4 - 1 - 31 Source: Retrieved from MoLD website on 7/3/2017
District Level There is a District Livestock Services Office (DLSO) in each project district. The DLSO aims to promote and develop the livestock sector in the district, mainly focusing on prioritized commodities depending upon their potentiality, promotion of livestock health with the development of feed and fodder and protection of degraded lands through forage and fodder plantation. Each project district has livestock service centers/subcentres in number varying from 11 to 13 as shown in Table 6. This indicates that it is easy to introduce Climate Change Adaptation Project in these districts if the technicians are well trained and resources are made available to run the program.
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Table 7: The number of livestock service centers and sub-centers in the ASHA project districts.
Project districts Livestock Service Centre Livestock Service Sub Centre 1. Dailekh (1) Naumule (2) Abalparajul (3). (1)Deshi Gaun, (2) Gada bagh (3) Pani Kalna (4) Dullu,( 4).Jambukandh malaka (5) Tilepata (6) Pagnath (7) Singa Chaur (8) Singadi 2.Jajarkot (1) dalli (2) Limsa (3) Dhasera (4) (1) Khalanga (2) Sepu Khola (3) Chaukha (4) Sima Dhime (Gharanga) (5) Tale Gaun (6) Karki gaun (Jaganipur (7) Garkhakot (8) Koting 3.Kalikot (1) Sukatipa (2) Kumalgaun (3) Syuna (1) Jubiya (2) Rudu (3) Rataha (4) Padamghat (5) Daha (6) Mehalmudi (7) Ramnakot (8) Nuwaghar (9) Fargoti 4.Rolpa (1)Suli chaur (2) Holeri (3) Duribangh (1) Jaulipokhari (2) Liwang (3) Jankot (4) Ghari (4) Powang gaun (5) Jugar (6) Jina bang (7) Bhirul (8) Harjang 5.Rukum (1) Chaurjhari (2) Athabish kot (3) (1) Simli (2) Peugha (3) Simrut (4) Bafrikot (5) Rukum Kot (4) Talakes Mushikot (Sima (7) puwang (8)……. 6. Salyan (1) kapurkot (2) Bhote chaur (3) (1) Mark (2) Dhor chaur (3) Kotbara (4) Karamiti Tharmare (4) Mulkhola (5) Rango Cgaur (6) Ramur (7) Bhal Chaur. Source: Annual Progress Report (2066/67) DLS, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur
Institutional Capacity Gaps The district livestock service offices in the project districts have minimum physical infrastructure and limited human resources to execute the program. From the field consultation and discussion it was discovered that the field technicians have minute knowledge on the impact of climate change on the livestock and fodder production, and on adaptation methods to increase resilience of livestock farmers. There is no specific plan and program focused on CCA to support the livestock industries/entrepneurs in the project districts.
3.2.4 Knowledge management The knowledge management will include the basic dimension of knowledge system. The knowledge system comprises of the components from creation to processing, storage, sharing and application of the knowledge.
Knowledge management refers to processes for organizational learning and the transformation of intellectual capital into products and services. Knowledge management and communications each have a distinct focus. Knowledge management targets a relatively engaged audience that will potentially apply knowledge products to decision-making or transforming them into new research or products. Communication targets a more general audience and disseminates messages to increase awareness of issues, innovation or programs, and potentially influence behavior change. Within this project, the communications approach is to emphasize dissemination of the knowledge and knowledge products relevant to climate change adaptation to small holder farmers and vulnerable community under the project districts.
Knowledge management and communications are closely linked because the principle aim of communications is to influence target audiences to seek more information on climate resilience 25 strategies and in essence create a greater demand for the knowledge products and services being developed by the project.
Central Level Meeting and discussions were held with concerned line ministries (MoFSC, MOAD, MoLD, MoFALD and MoPE) and relevant projects and programmes working on CCA to seek information on current knowledge management scenario of ASHA project. The discussions were primarily focused on assessing the availability of knowledge products, present knowledge sharing mechanism and needs for knowledge products and communication media.
From the interaction with concerned stakeholders and through review of materials and visit of websites of line ministries, it is found that the major gap in knowledge management on CCA at central level has given less attention on creating and appropriately archiving knowledge products and sharing knowledge to concerned stakeholders and potential users. Though, not in regular basis, publications (brochures, bulletins, and reports), meetings, workshops, TV interviews, and websites are the commonly used methods of knowledge sharing at line ministries and line agencies at present.
Required levels of knowledge products on the issues of CCA are not available in the ministries and departments except in the Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE). MoPE had a project ' Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development' which generated lots of knowledge products on CC and CCA. However, these knowledge products have not been appropriately processed and shared to the concerned stakeholders, development partners and potential users. It is felt that there should be a coordinated and consolidated effort by all line ministries and line agencies to generate and share knowledge of CCA.
At national level, knowledge generation need to be focused more on clear policies and strategies on CCA to support potential investments. Concerned ministries need to create scientific and applied knowledge to address the demands of local communities to appropriately respond to climate change issues already being felt at local level.
Line ministries and line agencies are required to have following knowledge products and knowledge sharing channels in general: . Policy guidelines on CCA . Database of relevant information on CC and CCA . Climate resilient technological packages on agriculture, livestock, forestry, soil conservation, public health etc. . Reports of Research and study on the issues of CC and CCA . Status reports of LAPA and NAPA implementation . Library/information centre . Web site/webpage . Management Information System (MIS)
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. Periodic talk program on the issues of CC and CCA . Periodic talk show on TV, Radio (national level networks) . Occasional press releases covering major achievements, outcomes and events related to the issues of CC and CCA
District Level As per agreed checklist, interactions were held with concerned staff and officials of line agencies in the project districts. The interactions were focused to identify knowledge gap and knowledge needs in their respective areas of work. The current knowledge situation was assessed through asking them about the types of knowledge need, how they know /acquire new knowledge and information about CC and CCA in their respective fields; what channels/media they often use to share the knowledge to their peer groups and target communities in their respective working areas.
Local communities are looking for knowledge on climate resilient technologies to address the negative impacts caused by climate change. They want composite of knowledge and technological packages to address effect of extreme climate events, declining productivity, crop failure, pest and disease outbreak in crop and livestock, public health, water scarcity and depletion of natural resources. Despite, the local demand for knowledge and information, local line agencies have not taken necessary initiative to create, share and use knowledge on CCA. Therefore, there seems a need for institutional mechanism for knowledge management at local level.
The demand of district agencies is focused more on increasing access to technology and climate- resilient practices. They demanded access to, and availability of, different technological packages, materials (seeds, seedlings, hardware) and skills and capacity to respond to the demands of farmers and households. The stakeholders in the districts feel that supply of climate change knowledge is scarce and does not meet their demand. In addition, district-level agencies have hardly any practice of sharing and learning, thus, limiting the knowledge transfer process. An institutional culture and mechanisms for knowledge sharing among district based agencies need to be strengthened.
The most common methods of knowledge sharing that were found in use includes training, workshops, meeting, seminars and mass media such as printed materials (booklets, pamphlets, posters) and local FM radios. Since, there are FM Radio stations (ranging from two to five stations in one district) in all project districts, there is a great potential of using these FM stations for disseminating practical and applicable CC knowledge to the target communities. Use of FM Radio could be one of the cheapest and easiest ways of sharing knowledge to local community. The list of media available in the project districts is given in Annex 10. In general, staffs of district level line agencies (Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock) insignificant knowledge on the relationship impact of CC, adaptation techniques and climate resilient
27 technologies in their respective sectors. This situation necessitates updating their level of knowledge and understanding on relation and impact of CC and climate resilient technologies in their respective fields of work. One of the ways of updating their knowledge level is through creation and distribution/sharing knowledge products pertaining to climate resilient technological packages, and climate change adaptation. There has been inadequate budgetary provision for knowledge management (KM), inadequate expertise personnel for KM, insufficient practical and applicable technological knowledge on CC and CCA inadequacy of institutional capacity/ mechanism for KM and communication. Due to the less priority for knowledge management and communication, the district line agencies's staffs have poor knowledge sharing culture, no plan, programs and activities for knowledge creation (researches, studies).
3.3 Capacity Gap Assessment of relevant organization working on CCA
3.3.1 Capacity Development Gaps in project districts In the context of preparing and implementing LAPA, local communities and line agencies staffs are the key stakeholders and their capacity is very crucial for the effectiveness of the LAPA process and its outcomes.
Attempts were made to assess the capacity of district level staff of concerned line agencies from the perspectives of enhanced LAPA preparation and implementation.
3.3.2 Status of local official forums Out of fourteen NCSSP district, five belongs to ASHA project area (except Salyan). In the past for promoting climate change adaptation in government agencies, NCSSP tried to establish and operate ward citizens forum and community awareness center. But, except in rare case, these forums are not adequately effective. The reason for this would be lack of local political initiative due to gaps in local government. This could be over come from recently held local elections; however, local leaders also do not have appropriate knowledge to analyze the issues from climate change adaptation and GESI perspectives.
In order to capacitate them, they need the capacity strengthening package the one identified for local community leaders like preparation of LAPA, climate change orientation training.
3.3.3 Non Government organization There are a number of NGOs working in the districts involved in various activities related to climate change adaptation. But, the information on their activities is difficult to collect due to lack of permanent office and access of information to public. Ofte, NGOs work in small areas which are far from the district headquarter. Some of the NGOs working in the project district in climate change adaptation include United Nation’s Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), Bal Sarokar Kendra (afn ;/f]sf/ s]Gb|), Development Project and Service Centre, Nepal (l8k|f]S;, g]kfn ), HARPLES (x/Kn];,), MIK Nepal (lds g]kfn), Human Rights, Environment and Development Campaign and Research Centre (x'/]8sf;{ ), Nepal Janjagarn Manch (g]kfn hghfu/0f d~r), Rukumeli Samaja Bikash Kendra (?s'd]nL ;dfh lasf; s]Gb|), Apang Bahu-udhyeshiya Punasthapana
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Kendra (ckfË ax'p2]ZoLo k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|), Apanga Samrakshan Manch (ckfË ;+/If0f d~r ), Rural Access Developmen and Research (/f8f/), Dalit Sewa Sangh (blnt ;]jf ;+3 ), Utpidit Samudayik Vikash Kendra (pTkLl8t ;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb|,), Akal Mahila Sanja (Psn dlxnf ;+hfn), Khristiya Samaj Vikash Abhiyan (v|Lli6o ;dfh lasf; cleofg), Jilla Bal Kalyan Samiti (lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt), etc. Some of the activities of these non-government organizations related to climate change and GESI are shown in Annex 11.
The district activities related to CCA is not monitored in systematic way an annual basis. But, efforts have been made for annual and systematic monitoring by corresponding Monitoring and Evaluation Divisions in the line ministries and line agencies.
Program identification, coordination and monitoring There have been different institutions established in local level for identification, coordination, and monitoring of different programs in the LAPA. Ward citizens forum is the lowest level forum to identify programs, and coordinate their implementation and also monitor the effectiveness of the programs.
Cross cut Preparation of LAPA needs support from experts in different fields. But, LAPAs are the properties of concerned 'gaunpalika'. They should take responsibility for preparing LAPA. So, LAPA should be internalized as “our need" and accordingly "our program” by concerned 'gaunpalika'. In addition, because the program identified by LAPA should be practical as it is the government program being implemented by 'gaunpalika'. Currently, there is tendency of making LAPA with the allocation of huge budgets.
3.3.4 Gaps in LAPAs Prepared in Past In the former VDC (present ward) level, LAPAs were prepared in project district with the support from NCSSP and Multi-stakeholders Forestry Programme (MSFP). The LAPA prepared by NCSSP is under implementation through the respective local government. Whereas LAPA prepared by MSFP is not in implementation due to termination of the project. However, while going through these MSFP prepared LAPAs, (with particular reference to LAPA for Ransi VDC: BS 2072/73-2074/75, Rukum district 2072, LAPA preparation facilitated by MIK Nepal and Rukum district FECOFUN and supported by MSFP) following major gaps were identified: The prepared LAPAs from other line agencies are not sufficiently enriched with scientific based information for vulnerability and adaptation assessment. Currently, in Nepal, it is not possible to prepare LAPA on the basis of local climatic data due to unavailability of meteorological stations. But, these are the activities that are merely demanded by the stakeholders. If the LAPA are rooted in climate science, the activities identified by LAPAs have to deal directly with the negative impacts caused by climate change such as scarcity of water and rise in temperature. The LAPA prepared by MFSP has identified drought as one of the climate change risks, and in prioritization of measure to combat with drought activities such as distribution and
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planting of fruit trees, distribution of improved breed of goats, training and distribution of potato seeds etc are given priority in the LAPA. These activities are very useful to increase income of the families, but very difficult to identify that these activities are related to the problems brought by climate change. Therefore, the activities identified by LAPA are more like wish lists, which the households need. Vulnerability should be analyzed on the basis of risk factors brought about by climate change. For example, drought affected farmers will be those who have more un-irrigated lands. So, the potential adaptation measure should be related with water and not with other factors. Similarly, diseases in agriculture have to have direct linkage with effect of temperature. LAPA deal with prioritization of LAPA program, which has identified five criteria such as effectiveness, expense, possibility of success, vulnerability and softness to women. These criteria have scales ranging from 1 to 3. However, entire criteria are developed on the basis of hypothetical situation, so it is difficult to match priorities identified in LAPA an priority of local people. The LAPA of Rangsi VDC (should be wared in new context, but mentioned in the report as VDC) deals with effect of CC and efforts made to become resilient, which has also mentioned, efforts put for adaptation activities. The text written and the output given from figure does not tie up. For example in text “flood” is mentioned as high risk factor, but in figure presented in LAPA, “disease in agriculture crop” is mentioned as main risk factor. In the report, only six adaptation activities are identified in Agriculture and food security theme, but in list of adaptation activities there are seventeen adaptation activities mentioned in the theme. Activities mentioned like controlling forest fire, forest pathogens forest management, etc are mentioned (e.g, page 25 of LAPA of Rangsi gaunpalika) should be the part of forest operational plan.
3.3.5 Additional gaps in NCSSP LAPA Many LAPAs were prepared around 2070 BS from the support of NCCSP. Here are general gaps on the NCSSP supported LAPA (With particular reference to LAPA 2070 for Khalanga VDC, Jajarkot: BS 2071/72-2073/74, LAPA prepared by LIBIRD, Pokhara under the support of NCSSP) prepared for Khalnaga VDC, Jajarkot. Vulnerable households have not identified in detail. The detailed process of consultaion method has not given in the document. Prioritizations of activities are done but the specific prioritization methodology is not clearly defined. There are big junk of budget allocated only for sewage construction and land slide control. In some cases, though, there is huge resource allocation for LAPA implementation, but could not work in ground due to lack of sufficient knowledge on handling climate adaptive fund.
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All these have shown that LAPA has become only wish list at VDC level. (This review is done particularly for NCSSP LAPA with reference to LAPA prepared for three year 71/72 to 73/74 for Khalanga VDC, Jajarkot district).
Function of DEECCCC and VEECCCC For implementation of energy programmes in districts, NCSSP has established Energy, Environment and Climate Change Coordination Committees in districts and VDCs. These are known as DEECCCC (District level Energy Environment and Climate Change Coordination Sub Committee) and VEECCCC (VDC level Energy Environment and Climate Change Coordination Sub Committee). These are extended form of Energy and Environment subcommittee formulated by Alternate Energy Promotion Center at District and VDC level. These sub committees are formulated to enhance participation of local people in district and village level. In absence of elected representatives of local communities, these structures represent all parties existed in the geographic area and also indigenous communities, dalits and women.
Thus, these committees have number of members representing all parties which existed in local geographic area of gaunpalika and local government like Nepali Congress, United Marxist Leninist and Maoist Centre, indigenous peoples’ association, dalits, and women as well as other knowledgeable persons in local level. However, due to lack of coordination and inadequate knowledge on CCA of the members, these committees are not functioning well. In addition, it has been said that for any kind of involvement, local communities need compensation for the time foregone by them.
Gaps: However, due to availability of limited financial resources, it is very hard for local communities to steer as per the need of DEECCC and VEECCC. Moreover, the persons who are in the committees have no technical ideas to guide preparation of LAPAs. Right now, all programs which are required for local communities are listed in LAPA since these all are urgent and immediate need of local communities in the context of building climate resilient communities.
So, in the name of LAPA, all sorts of programs are listed. The previous LAPAs mostly include infrastructure related works such as construction of sewages, landslide control, constructions of road. The activity identified in LAPA has not been linked with CCA nonetheless these are important activities for local communities living in that particular geographic area. Also, the prepared LAPA has not considered GESI issues.
Ward Citizens' Forum Ward citizen’s forum is also a local structure devised to increase participation of local communities in absence of elected government officials. This has members representing from major political parties, indigenous peoples, dalits and women. In order to pass any activity from VDC council, in principle, discussion in this forum is compulsory. However, due to limited knowledge of the committee members in related technical fields, ward citizens' forum could not
31 perform effectively. In order to enhance the role of ward citizen forum, knowledge on CCA should be given to the members of this forum.
Citizens awareness centre is a structure promoted for discussion of ward or it is community groups. These centres are centrally located in the villages from where information is disseminated to the local communities. But, these centers are not well equipped, they have room and chair but no communication equipment like mike, audio visual equipment.
In order to make these communications centre active and useful, there should be local staffs to take responsibility and a set of audio visual equipment is necessary from municipality to ward and also to citizens’ awareness center.
Suggestions Climate change activities have to be focused on holistic approach of majority of people living in village. If possible, households should be identified, if not community, and the place should be identified. Climate change adaptation activities should be based on ecosystem based adaptaion. GIS based sub watershed assessment is necessary in order to support for ecosystem level resilience building by addressing upstream and downstream linkages whereas PSD is necessary for envisioning future for balancing both development and ecosystem needs. There should be one plan for gaunpalika including government programs, and development partners should put their support to gaunpalika in basket fund.
3.3.6 LAPA Preparation with Enhanced Approach in ASHA Adaptation to the climate change cannot effectively occur unless the planning process adopts an ecosystem based approach. The livelihoods of smallholder farmers depend on natural systems that extend beyond administrative boundaries. Therefore, to enhance the climate resilience of the natural environment and to sustain ecosystem services, the needs of the environment at a larger ecosystem level must be considered.
In order to fulfill the gaps identified in existing LAPAs from other agencies, ASHA adopts the enhanced approaches for LAPA preparation. These approaches are GIS based sub-watershed and Participatory Scenario Development (PSD). Since, GIS based sub watershed assessment is necessary in order to support for ecosystem level resilience building by addressing upstream and downstream linkages whereas PSD is necessary for envisioning future for balancing both development and ecosystem needs.
Under ASHA, GIS-based sub-watershed level analysis and assessment are going on within project districts with the current situation analysis, decadal land use and land cover analysis of sub-watershed and then identification of vulnerability hotspots such as landslides area, forest fire
32 zones and soil erosion prone area with the upstream and downstream linkages and then recommendation on land adjustment area for climate adaptive interventions.
Under the ASHA, LAPA planning at community level will be enhanced by the application of processes for planning beyond current vulnerability, including Participatory Scenario Development (PSD). PSD methodologies provide a mechanism for communities to explore future development choices and pathways and the impacts of CC and adaptation options within their specific context, to inform investment choices needed to facilitate effective adaptation based on current information and assumptions about future trends. The process will involve establishing a multi-stakeholder forum for assessing the effects of uncertainties and risks on different vulnerable groups and socio- economic sectors, so as to identify a range of response options.Therefore, PSD approach in adaptation planning emphasizes to ensure effective participation of stakeholders, linking qualitative and quantitative information when developing scenarios, and assuring their relevance for adaptation planning and overall decision-making.
The integration of this scientific information are downscaling from municipality to ward and settlement with the information collected from local perceptions from settlement to ward and rural municipality with the bottom up approach. Then this information are feeding into the LAPA preparation steps on climate change sensitization, vulnerability and adaptation assessment and prioritization of adaptation options in order to enhance the preparation process. Furthermore, ASHA is adopting the in-depth ward level LAPA preparation and synthesizing it into the rural municipality/municipality level LAPA preparation in restructuring context.
Figure 9: Conceptual Framework of Enhanced LAPA Approach in ASHA
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3.4 Capacity Development Needs Capacity development need, is an initiative that aims at identifying needs and ways to build specific capacities in specific interested communities. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Capacity_Development.
In the context of preparing and implementing LAPA, local communities and line agency staff are the key stakeholders and their capacity is very crucial for the effectiveness of the LAPA process and its outcomes.
This study report includes a number of capacity development activities for the staff of line agencies and community to enhance their capacity with a view to reduce the impact of climate change and build climate resilient community.
3.4.1 Capacity Development Needs Relating to Forests and Soil Conservation Capacity development needs for local community / user groups (forest user group, women group, mother group, etc)
Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community Major activities to be done by Local communities have been Reduce density of forest or reduce local forest user groups are maintaining dense forests where leaf area index. protection, management and use evapo- transpiration is maxim and Reduce high vegetation cover. of forests and forest products. substantial amount of water is used by the forest system. Due to protection oriented Local communities do not feel that Modify forest floor by maintain thoughts and activities of forest like humans, big trees consume grasses, contour bonding, staggered user group, only protection is more water during the process of trenching etc. prioritized and done. evapo-transpiration. Higher tree density or crown cover is also high consumption of water by trees themselves. In addition, maintenance of vegetation for slow surface runoff will increase infiltration capacity. Harvesting of trees and forest Local communities do not know Depending upon amount of work products are lagging behind in the how to modify vegetation and land modification of forest surface can be name of forest “protection”. As to increase infiltration capacity and from gentle slopes to staggered the result forests are denser there be contributing to improved contour trenching in dry areas. consuming higher amount of water recharge water than before. Forests have non timber forest Local communities do not have Collection of different forest products like edible rhizomes, adequate knowledge in collection products like nihuro, tarul, koiralo bulb, vegetables, fruits and flower and management of non-timber etc for local consumption. (tarul, githa, koiralo, nihoro). forest products. Medicinal herbs are one of the big Medicinal products like jatamasi, Collection of lokta and allo for resources which local communities satawari, kutaki etc are collected and commercial use. benefits. sold from the project districts.
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Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community Local communities need to Timur and Sugandha kokila has been Collection of different medicinal manage those resources for getting collected in the project districts like herbs in sustainable way. more benefits from the forests. Salyan. But they do not know how to collect them in sustainable way.
One of the main income Plantation and or management of Selection grass species and generation activities of local local or improved grasses are not management of grasses. communities is rearing animals. prioritized activity in most of the community forests. Availability of grasses and fodder Local communities do not have Selection of tree fodder. is cheap means of animal food. adequate knowledge on selecting Therefore, production of grasses appropriate species of grass in and tree fodder for animal is key context to locality factors. factor of local income generation.
Community forests have large Fodder trees in forest like oak, ficus Management of the fodder tree amount of land, where potential species etc play very important role for planting and managing grasses as substitute to grasses especially in are huge. dry season. The activity also contribute in Local community have inadequate Lopping techniques in different reduction of soil erosion, support ideas on raising, cutting and seasons with different species. to income generation from selling transplanting grasses. of grass or increasing animal feed. Due to large size of the plant tree The problems are more serious with Lopping techniques in different fodder, to some extent, are fodder trees in the forests. seasons with different species. resilient to less winter rain.
There are many kind of user Local communities or user group has Contacting line agencies and writing group in the communities relating problem on operating their office an official request letter to them. to forests, livestock and including writing letter to district Conducting a user group meeting agriculture. level line agencies, proper record and decision making. In order to function in sustainable keeping of official papers or Listening voices of women, dalit and way in long run, local documents. indigenous peoples in the meeting. communities need to learn the No idea on how to conduct meeting Conduct meeting and decision and decision making. making. group offices or user groups and Problems in financial record keeping Administrative financial record also need to learn how they can like maintaining vouchers of keeping. contact line agency office to get transaction, their proper filing or Making relevant information public support. record keeping. in local community as public No idea on conducting their works auditing. public through a local public gathering Key community leader need to Community leader do not have Understanding climate change in understand crux of climate change adequate knowledge in cc and its general and international efforts to and its relationship with forestry. relationship with forestry activities. combat with climate change. How So, it is difficult for them to identify climate change activities affect right activities and prioritize them. forestry. Potential forestry activities related with climate change and their implementation
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Box 1: Recommendation for forestry for local communities
Recommendation
In context to above gaps existing in communities, following recommendations are made:
Develop capacity to enhance local water resources in community forests. Enhance capacity to improve livelihood of local poor women, dalit and indigenous peoples from management of forest, NTFP and herbs. Improve skills of communities for managing grasses and tree foddeer. Provide capacity to local community in office operation, administrative and financial record keeping, and public auditing. Conduct introductory course in climate change adaptation and forestry.
The following capacity gaps of communities were identified: Incorporation of water issues in forestry operational plan and its implementation. Maintenance of water system such as small irrigation canal, water storage pond, water distribution system Forest management for livelihood Fire management and/or use of firefighting tools (helmet, shoes, swatter, etc ) Nursery management and seedling production Management of grasses and tree fodder for animals Choice of species according to local climatic conditions Office operation, maintaining administrative and financial record keeping and public auditing The following trainings are identified and proposed for communities related to forestry sector.
Further clarifications on capacity development All capacity development package / training for community should be practical all field based or learning by doing. The capacity development activities, here mentioned could also be training or study tour, academic courses, demonstration, workshop, conference, field visits, success stories, etc. Because, local communities are volunteers to the project, timing of the training is also important for them for getting rid of their personal works.
Kalikot Specific; Level of understanding in communities is lower than that of the communities in other districts. So, it is necessary to focus more on the basic understanding about climate change, its impact on agriculture and on their livelihood before giving other training or assess capacity of community. Communities are poor and jobless, so need to focus more on the training programs intended on income generation activities.
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Table 8: Training identified for communities in forestry in priority order and their durations Priority Topic of capacity development package Durations Remarks Order I Incorporation of water issues in forestry operational plan 7 days and its implementation. II Fire management and/or use of firefighting tools 4 days (helmet, shoes, etc. III Forest management for livelihood 7 day
IV Management of grasses and tree fodder for animals 3 day V Nursery management and seedling production 7 day VI Maintenance of water system ( irrigation canal, water 3 days storage pond, water distribution system) in forests VII Choice of species according to local climatic conditions 3 days VIII Office operation, maintaining administrative and 7 days financial record keeping and public auditing A Management of timur and its value addition 4 days Suggested from regional workshp
B Introductory course in climate change and forestry 2 days Suggested from regional workshp
Note: Above prioritization is done on the basis of importance felt concerned stakeholder in six project districts.
Capacity Analysis of Line agencies (LA) staffs
Similar to capacity analysis of local communities, capacity analysis of line agencies staffs working in different thematic areas of interest has been done as shown in Table below.
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Theme: Forests and Soil Conservation Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff Major activities supported by District Forest Office staffs have Reduce density of forest or reduce District Forest Office staffs are inadequate knowledge on water leaf area index. protection, management and use requirements of plants and forests. of forests and forest products. Still the myth that forests produce water is prevailed among the lower level staff DFO staffs have inadequate understanding on evapo- transpiration and need of water by plants of different shape and size as well as different leaf structures and size. In context to climate change DFO staff have not felt that water Reduce high vegetation cover. adaptation, due to shortage of can also be demanded products of a Modify forest floor by maintain water in dry season water focused forest ecosystem. grasses, contour bonding, staggered forest management is also very Trees consume more water during trenching etc important and should be the process of evapo-transpiration. supported to communities. DFO staff do not feel that higher tree density or crown cover is also high consumption of water by trees themselves. In context to climate change forest DFO staff do not have idea on Depending upon amount of work management should also focus in modification of vegetation and land modification of forest surface can be water like its focused used to be to storage capacity of the forest land. from gentle slopes to staggered for timber. contour trenching in dry areas Provide understanding to local Inadequate idea on plant physiology Reduce density of forest or reduce communities on various processes relating to water consumption. leaf area index. Importance of of plant physiology. sustainable forest management Give idea on increase and decrease Inadequate idea to convince local Reduce high vegetation cover. water consumption by plants there communities the fact that evapo- by affecting water availability in transpiration is maxim and the sites. substantial from dense forests. Provide understand principle Not adequate idea to convince Modify forest floor by maintain behind high and low consumption people that like humans, big trees grasses, contour bonding, staggered of water according to plant consume more water during the trenching etc. physiology (size of plants and type process of evapo-transpiration. Thus, of plants). higher tree density or crown cover also mean high consumption of water by trees themselves. Provide ideas on the myths on In adequate idea and convince Depending upon amount of work saying “Forests make water”. people that maintenance of modification of forest surface can be Provide understanding in affect of vegetation resulting slow surface from gentle slopes to staggered low density vegetation and high runoff will increase infiltration contour trenching in dry areas density vegetation in water capacity. consumption.
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff Idea on over all planning in mind Provide idea on dense forest Inadequate ideas to teach local protection and manage forests in communities to modify vegetation local water budget. and land to increase infiltration Provide idea to community on capacity and there be contributing to importance of harvesting for improved water recharge saving water. Construct physical structure for Inadequate ideas to construct Idea on over all planning in mind protection of water sources physical protection measures. Do conceptual planning in mind, Confusion in overall approach for GPS survey and mapping needed for sketch and maps for construction water conservation. large area. Do not know how to start and where of water storage structures. to start. Do survey for construction of Inadequate ideas to do overall GIS based Survey and mapping. survey of the site under water storages. consideration. In adequate ideas to select sites for different infrastructures like fence, wall, water tank. Prepared design for construction Inadequate ideas in designing No idea in software based design of water storage. structure like auto-cad or similar software
. (Dmax, etc) Prepare cost estimate for Inadequate ideas to do costing of Design infrastructures and cost construction of water storage and structures to be constructed. estimation of the work. distribution structures. Prepare maps for forest In adequate ideas among forest Preparing maps from GPS data and operational plans and watershed rangers, mid level technicians and GIS software. conditions of key area in the JTAs working in forestry, live stock district. and agriculture in preparation of LAPA and other management plans due to inadequate knowledge in using GPS and GIS based mapping software.
Conduct prioritization of sub Do not know how to analyze land Preparation of vulnerability maps. susceptibility. watersheds. Prepare detail forest and sub- Inadequate knowledge in preparing Preparation of vulnerability maps. watershed management plans local level vulnerability maps. Support local communities in Plantation and or management of Selection grass species and
management of tree fodder. local or improved grasses are not management of grasses. prioritized activity in most of the community forests. Forestry officials have inadequate knowledge in
ground grasses.
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development staff needs Support local communities in Forestry officials have inadequate knowledge Selection of tree fodder. management of grasses in forest on selecting appropriate species of grass in floor. context to locality factors. Community forests have large Fodder trees are ruthlessly lopped in forests. Management of the fodder amount of land, where potential . tree for planting and managing grasses are huge. The activity also contribute in Fodder trees in forest like oak, ficus species Lopping techniques in reduction of soil erosion, support etc play very important role as substitute to different seasons with to income generation from selling grasses especially in dry season. But, different species. of grass or increasing animal feed. inadequate knowledge in loping techniques and time Due to large size of the plant tree Forestry officials have inadequate ideas on fodder, to some extent, are raising, cutting and transplanting grasses. resilient to less winter rain. The problems are more serious with fodder trees in the forests All LA staff need to mainstream What ever needed in local level is identified Develop main climate change adaptation as climate change related programs. understanding in cc and programs in their regular work. In the name of CC adaptation big structure are reason of climate change. getting priorities. Activities affected by cc in local context. Need to analyze and prioritize Whatever need is identified as climate change Understanding urgent and important cc adaptation programs. vulnerability. adaptation programs. Inadequate ideas to understand and relate Incorporating cc adaptation Need to monitor effect of CC urgent need of climate change adaptation activities in LA regular adaptation program. program in their discipline or field. program or mainstreaming
cc adaption Forests products like edible Medicinal products like jatamasi, satawari, Collection of different rhizomes, bulb, vegetables, fruits kutaki etc are collected and sold from the forest products like nihuro, and flower (tarul, githa, koiralo, project districts. Timur and Sugandha kokila tarul, koiralo etc for local nihoro) are still big source of poor has been collected in the project districts like consumption. communities and LA staff need to Salyan. Collection of lokta and allo teach management of those But they do not know how to collect them in for commercial use. sustainable way. products to local communities LA staffs need to teach LA staffs have inadequate knowledge in Collection of different communities of medicinal herbs as sustainable production data. medicinal herbs in one of the big resources which sustainable way local communities' benefits. LA officials need to teach local In adequate knowledge in collection and Training on these NTFP communities on manage those management of these products. management. But, these resources for getting more benefits training should be for the from the forests. site specific products. Plantation is one of the main Low level LA staff do not have adequate idea Preparation of nursery activities need for land on managing the nursery and running the beds. conservation. nursery as an enterprises.
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff LA staff needs to teach forest user Low level LA staff do not have Preparing appropriate soil and groups or local communities in adequate idea on mixing different nutrients for sowing seeds. reforestations and forest proportion of soil, organic matters, management. fertilizers etc to make seed beds. Implementation of such activity is No idea on method of transplanting Transplanting seedlings in the not possible without a community into different size of plastic bags. polythin bags. run nursery. No idea on trimming roots Watering and other after care In addition, these nurseries can be No idea on hardening plants for New techniques of seedling means of income generations for planting into forests. production like cutting, grafting, etc the group by selling seedlings
Production of quality seedling also Forestry technicians do not have Knowledge in tissue culture, and from grafting and tissue culture adequate knowledge in grafting and other modern technology and use of other techniques. root hormones, etc. Forestry technicians do not have adequate knowledge in production of seedling from tissue culture and any other new methods LA officials need to be updated in There is information many Know different website of different different CC information and use information in websites of different agencies. them in various activities such as agencies like IPCC, DHM, etc but in Understanding the information planting agriculture crops. adequate idea to use them. Method of using the information Key community leader need to Community leader do not have Understanding climate change in understand crux of climate change adequate knowledge in cc and its general. and its relationship with forestry. relationship with forestry activities. International efforts to combat with So, it is difficult for them to identify climate change. right activities and prioritize them. How climate change activities affect forestry? Potential forestry activities related with climate change and their implementation such as water focused forest management, water source protection, enhancing infiltration capacity in forest land, etc Support to the person who are Not adequate idea on: Learn how to conduct vulnerability preparing LAPA in different Do not know how to conduct assessment. activities such as vulnerability assessment Vulnerability assessment Relate need of capacity development Do not have adequate knowledge to Relating different activities with CC. with climate change. ensure if the problem and proposed Coordinate for preparing inter measure is related to climate change. disciplinary LAPA.
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff Identify climate change related Do not know how to identify climate Relating different activities activities. change related program in different with CC. Prioritize the activities sectors. Do not know how to coordinate the plan preparation with different LA officials. Do costing of different training Do the cost estimate of different activities Conducting cost estimate. identified. Conduct interactions with concerned Prioritize the activity according to local Coordinate for preparing inter stakeholders to ensure that the plan need based criteria. disciplinary LAPA. is according their need. Plantation for conservation of land is Inadequate ideas on biological Different techniques of one of the important activities of conservation measures. bioengineering. forest and soil conservation officials. Use of different species in different sites. Suitable species for different technique of conservation measures. Forestry LA staff need to control LA staffs have inadequate idea on netting Understanding of messwire landslides in forest area and support mess wire and landslide control size, net size, use of different local communities in landslide technique. size nets for land slide control. control Forestry staff working in District Forestry LA staff do not have adequate Preparation of different land Soil Conservation Office needs to do knowledge on preparing different layers conditions map such as slope, watershed prioritization and prepare of land use and land status maps with soil, vegetation cover, etc and prioritization maps. GIS. overlay the maps to identify level of vulnerability
Box 2: Recommendations for line agencies staff for forestry sector
IdentificationRecommendation of Capacitys Gaps of line agency (forestry sector) In context to above gaps existing in forestry instituion, following recommendations are made: Capacity Provide gaps of capacity forestry development line agency for water staff focused identified forest on management. the basis of field visit, discussion, interaction, Give and knowledge analysis andare skillsas follows: to enhance local water resources in forests. Conduct training on survey, design cost estimation for constructing infrastructures. Watero focusedWithout community software forests or forest management o Enhancing With local software water resources in forests Arrange training in GIS / GPS training for LA staff for preparing maps and analyzing land use. UseInitiate of gabion capacity for development landslide control for management of grasses and tree fodder for animals LowProvide cost climate bio-engineering change orientation training: ManagementProvide skills of for grasses forest andmanagement tree fodder for forimproving animals livelihood of local poor women, dalit and indigenous peoples. And training in local NTFP and herbs. GIS and GPS training for mapping and preparing sub-watershed management plan. Provide trainng in nursery management and seedling NurseryInitainte management capacity development and seedling in hi- tech/production Advanced nursery training ClimateProvide changeskills for orientation use of climate training change to informationnew employees in websites especially forest guards. ManagementInitiate ToT forof forestmidlevel products officials for in livelihood.climate change adaptation and forestry. (TOT as suggested in regional workshop) Watershed prioritization and preparation of sub watershed management plan Provide training in preparation of LAPA: LandStrart and capacity soil fertility developmen managementt in low cost bioengineering. PreparationDevelop skill of forLAPA useing gabion and land slide control Survey,Prioritize design watershed and cost using estimation GIS of water conservation structures
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Table 9 : Training identified for line agency staff in forestry in priority order and their durations
Priority Topic of the training Durations Remarks Order I Climate change orientation training to new employees. 3 days II Water focused community forests or forest management 3 days III Preparation of LAPA IV Increase in infiltration rate or/ Enhancing local water 7 day resources in forests V Management of forest products (NTFP) for livelihood. 3 days VI Management of grasses and tree fodder for animals 3 day VII Survey, design and cost estimation of water 7 days conservation structures VIII Low cost bio-engineering training 7 days IX Use of gabion for landslide control 3 days X GIS training for mapping and preparing sub-watershed 6 week management plan. XI Watershed prioritization and preparation of sub 6 weeks watershed management plan A Hi Tech/ Advanced nursery training 4 days Recommended from regional workshop B Use of climate change information in websites 1 day Recommended from regional workshop C Midlevel officials course in climate change adaptation 4 days Recommended and forestry.(TOT as suggested in regional workshop) from regional workshop
3.4.2 Capacity development needs for agriculture Capacity development (or capacity building) is the process by which individual and organizations obtain, improve, and retain the skills and knowledge needed to do their jobs competently. Community capacity building is a conceptual approach to social and behavioral changes that lead to technology and infrastructure development in case of water and sanitation that focuses on understanding the obstacles that inhibit people, governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations from realizing their development goals while enhancing the abilities that will allow them to achieve measurable and sustainable results. Capacity development need is the quest for the requirement of an individual /community for equipping them with certain skill to achieve certain the development goal.
In the context of capacity development need in agriculture under the theme of Climate Change (CC) Adaptation Screening with Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Consideration in the face of changing climate is making farming communities to be able to cope with the uncertainties in agricultural production systems posed by the changing climate. In the assignment, the team has assessed the need for capacity development in various aspects of
43 farming systems. The team also assigned the jobs for various actors in agriculture with the problems identified, assessed the capacity development need and recommend the training package in order to make communities able to cope with the problems. Details of the training proposed are given as follows.
Capacity development needs for local farming communities Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community
Major activities to be done by Farming communities in the villages Understanding and recognizing local farming communities are to comprise various casts and women are the value of local resources and understand and appreciate the the major actors in using the local their actual users. value of the local resources and resources have been using the resources role of women and ethnic groups as if they are infinite. in their management. Farmers in group have to feel Farmers do not appreciate the real value Means and ways to manage the and make others to feel that of the resources such as water, soil and resources for their regeneration those natural resources are finite. forest in agricultural production. and the next. Continuous use of external inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides is making agriculture costly and uncertain. Increasing use of purchased inputs is making local resources to undervalue. The resources need careful Negligence of local resources are Planting of trees, controlling management so that they can be causing decline in agricultural erosion and watershed serving longer. productivity and simultaneously management. degradation of the resource base. Due care should be given Farmers lack appropriate innovative Resource management as per the especially to soil water and forest ideas of resource use through recycle, principles of 3R (recycle, reuse to regenerate in situ and if reduce and reuse and reduce) and value chain needed through such activities development of specific resource. such as erosion control, planting Recognizing the role of women forest trees along with and and ethnic groups and develop conversing protecting their capacity watersheds. Communities should understand Local communities do not show Collection and documentation of local agricultural knowledge and adequate care to the local knowledge local knowledge and skills. skill and their importance. and skills. Communities do not have any documentation on the time tested local knowledge and skills. Community should enumerate Increasing use of external inputs have Experiment the knowledge and and document the knowledge made the farmers lazy and have lost faith skills in the changing context in and skill and preserve them. on local knowledge or which are not larger scale. effective in changing context.
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Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community
Refinement of knowledge and Farmers are not much worried about Analyze the available data at skills as per the need should be the refinement of the knowledge farmer's level and conclude the done as per field experiences to skills and their efficient use. result for further efficiency use them more efficiently. Farming communities have to Local communities have problem Understanding water flow system assess the water resources, their with water scarcity in cropping and water harvesting structures. recharge, water availability and seasons and excess water falls time of flow and amount. during rainy seasons. Communities have to make easy Not all the members of the society Making women and other members access to the water sources and have an access to water resources of the society ableto understand the required infrastructure to all and their harvesting areas hydrological systems of the locality Local communities need to Farming communities are not well Cleaning and maintaining water maintain different water storage capable of making water structures structure and distribution systems. structure which they have like like storage dams, water canals, reservoir in water source, distribution tank, etc. distribution tank, et. They do not know how to maintain the system either. They must have to know the Water distribution systems soon Be familiar with all parts for rainfall pattern and be familiar stops functioning due lack of repair irrigation and drainage systems. with water harvesting methods and maintenance. Joining water pipe system and and areas dismantling the system. Farming communities should Local crop/varieties generally are Knowledge about the climate change understand the crop/varieties with low yield potential and its impact of crop/varieties available and their cause of low production They have to understand the Existing crop/varieties may not have Resilience of existing crops/varieties potential of their locality in high market value. to changing climate. changing conditions. Means and ways to adapt to changing climate. They need to explore the yield Existing crop/ varieties are not Knowledge about the new potential potential of the crop/varieties and capable of producing required varieties to be introduced in the new their constraints amount of yield in changing climate. environment. They need to know the possibility Farmers’ aspiration requires new Knowledge on the constraints to the of introducing new varieties as per product of market value but resilient new varieties and associated their need. to changing climate technologies. Understanding the role of organic Soil is critically deficient in organic Capacity to know the plant and other matter in the soil. matter. materials with soil fertility value. The members of the society who Many members of the society have Make them internalize role of spend much of their time in soil in sufficient knowledge on organic organic matter and familiar with the should know the organic matter matter content in the soil methods of composting Local people are reluctant in using Understanding soil as a living and organic manures. growing entity.
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Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community Enumeration of the local plants of Haphazard and inappropriate use of Methods of improved cattle shed soil fertility value. chemical fertilizers. management and composting Inclusion of animals in farming system. Be enthusiastic in making Soil degradation is on the rise with Preparation of vermin and other composts and organic manures acidity and no structure. composts with local materials Show interest in making bio- Soil health and quality is lowered Mode and method of manures and fertilizers causing low productivity bio-fertilizers application Farmers have to understand the Fertility status of most of the soils is Knowledge about the nutrient status nutrient content of the soil and declining. of the soil. nutritional demand of the crop Women and other members of the Women and other members of the Special emphasis should be given on farming society should know the farming society have insufficient women and other members of the soil-crop relationship knowledge on declining soil fertility farming society should be imparted Due to many crops grown in a year the knowledge the soil is exhausted and Knowledge on the application of productivity is declining. manures/fertilizers as per the demand of the crop according to the expected yield. They must be familiar with the Alternate methods rather than the Integrated nutrient management. mode and methods of nutrient broadcasting the fertilizers are not Newer methods of managing management in soil. common. crop/soil nutrients such as site Newer methods of nutrient specific nutrient management, management have not reached the nutrient expert model, etc. farmers Crop residues carry significant Due to gradually increasing market Knowledge on the importance of amount of nutrients through oriented production and associated residue and its management. harvesting and are very nutrient drain, soils are important source of organic impoverished. matter in the soil both directly and indirectly People working in the farm should The value of crop residues is being Women and socially excluded field appreciate the value of crop ignored workers should be equipped with residues knowledge of crop residue Farmers have to carefully manage Burning of residues is common Effect of mulch on weed suppression the green as well as dry residues. practice by the farmers due to their and moisture conservation. disturbance in field preparation for the next crop. They have to understand the Residues are also the carriers of the Role of residues on enriching soil importance and the mode of diseases. with organic matter application. Some of the crops responds to Appropriate research on the use of Relationship of crop production- residue use well. residues and their effects on crop residues-Soil health and soil fertility production is lacking.
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Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community Burning of residues should be Farmers are more interested in the Relationship of crop production- stopped. main products and ignore the residues-Soil health and soil fertility byproducts-residues. Farmers have to understand an The role of available tree in the Knowledge on the nature of trees intricate relationship among crop- farming is not duly recognized. available. livestock and trees. People working in the field should Women and ethnic groups have Women and ethnic groups should be appreciate the agroforestry system insufficient knowledge on crop tree trained with the crop tree interaction interface and compatibility They should understand the Serious study on the beneficial Compatibility of tree species in importance of various tree species interface between the crops and trees agroforestry system. and their nature of growing. is lacking. Development of suitable No or few studies are available on agroforestry system. the compatibility of trees/ crops/livestock. They should select and grow the Selection of tree species focused on Preparation of tree nursery and trees compatible with crop nitrogen fixation is not in focus. production of sufficient tree production and livestock Tree saplings are not easily available saplings. operation activities. Understand the synergy Development of Suitable models of Recognition of nitrogen fixing trees agroforestry is not in attention and their promotion. System. Harnessing the multifaceted utility of trees in farming systems with the value addition of their products.
Box 3: Recommendations for communites for agriculture Recommendations
In context to above gaps existing in communities, following recommendations for agriculture development are made:
Conduct training for local people on promotion and efficient use of local resources Develop capcity for conservation of local knowledge and skills Develop capcity development program to provide knowledge and skills for water harvesting infrastructure like water source protection dam and its water flow system, conservation ponds, use of water channels and pipes. Initiate training on introduction of improved climate resilient crops/varieties Conduct capacity development program for composting/ organic manures & fertilizers Organize training on crop/ soil nutrient management
Provide skills for crop residue mulching Provide knowledge on agroforestry
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Capacity development recommended by the Regional Workshop (31 May-1 June, 2017) Nepalgunj Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community Farmers have to well understand The role of nursery in fruit and vegetable Knowledge on the crops/varieties the role of nursery in vegetable cultivation is not duly taken into to be grown and their discrete and fruit cultivation. consideration as an important aspect of techniques of raising nursery farming. should be taught thoroughly. Women and farmers form other Women and farmers form other ethnic Women and farmers form other ethnic groups should appreciate groups should understand the income ethnic groups should be given the the value of nursery management generation value of nursery proper nursery management skill They should internalize the Study on the importance of well Selection of seeds/seeding importance of the site and its managed nursery in vegetable/fruit materials and care of seedling in suitability for nursery raising farming and its role in income the nursery should be the topics of and allocate the land for it. generation is not well recognized. priority. Value of nursery management as an income generation activity for small farmers should be well emphasized They should be prepare Improved vegetable and fruit farming is Special knowledge of should be themselves for undertaking the relatively new ventures in the study provided if the entrepreneur is entrepreneur of nursery of fruit areas. completely new for the location and vegetables feel whether their Introduction of newer crop/variety in the and promote the use of local conditions permits it nursery is sometimes risky. Use of local materials in is nursery materials if possible. management is not in priority. Community people should Although composting in pits is the Community people should be given recognize the role of compost in common and oldest way most of the the knowledge of appropriate shape their livelihood as their inherent farmers following to prepare manure but and size of the pit and expected asset and internalize it. very few only really know as how to product form it. manage the pit. Women and ethnic farmers should Most of the women and ethnic farmers Women and ethnic farmers should appreciate the well managed ignore the compost pit management be trained on the management of compost pit compost pit They should know and manage the Most of the pits are closed to the cowshed Knowledge about the protecting the recourses of which the compost is and are exposed to sunlight and rain in pit to avoid loss of nutrients form made and should know what the which heavy loss of nitrogen is inevitable. leaching, escaping and draining best ones are? form the pit should be given with examples. Fortifying the compost pit with certain nutrients /EM to make the process quicker becomes an important knowledge pack. They should have the knowledge Aeration through piping and turning over Urban composting is another about the best methods of is important but not practiced. knowledge asset for the composting and protect the pit Not much care is taken about the important communities who are close to cities from sun and rain raw materials enhancing the quality of the and do not have livestock. compost Community people, their newly Many community people and newly Staffs in the local government, elected leaders and staffs who have elected leaders, who are to lead the area, related communities and the newly joined the recently established do not have adequate knowledge on GESI elected bodies should be given local offices should be aware of the and CCA. adequate knowledge on GESI and GESI and CCA matters as CCA while planning their important issues in their work development plans and place. implementing them in the area.
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Activities to be done by the Problem Capacity development needs community Community people should The community elites and government The community people and local understand the GESI issue as an officials often ignore the role of gender government officials should be important social and economic issue and social inclusion as as an issue that trained with GESI issue They should be willing to learn to binds the society strongly incorporate the issues in their office The officials and assistant staffs may have activities some knowledge from their background but lack such knowledge about the issues pertaining to the present locality
Box 4: Recemmendation for agriculture from regional workshop
Recommendations In context to above gaps existing in Agriculture instituion, following recommendations are made:
Provied skill for nursery management (vegetable + fruit) for community days Develop skillon compost manure/pit management for community Provide capacity development in GESI & CCA for communities and elected local government leaders
According to above analysis gaps identified for communities in relation to agriculture are as below. Incorporation of burning issues pertaining to the adaptation to changing climate in agricultural operational plan and its implementation. Use and refinement of local knowledge/techniques/skill/wisdom Forest management for livelihood Improved high-yielding crop/varieties Composting/organic manures & fertilizers Crop/Soil nutrient management Water harvesting structures and systems Improved agricultural water management Agroforestry Inclusion of GESI issue in every aspect of local plans of training and development programs
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Table 9: Training identified for communities in agriculture according to priority and their durations Topic of the training Priority Order Duration in days Use and refinement of local I 7 days knowledge/techniques/skill/wisdom Improved high-yielding crop/varieties II 4 days Crop/Soil nutrient management III 7 days Composting/organic manures & fertilizers IV 5 days Improved agricultural water management V 4 days Water harvesting structures and systems VI 5 days Crop residue mulching VII 3 days Agroforestry VIII 10 days Suggested by the Regional workshop (May 31-June 1, 2017) in Nepalgunj Nursery management training (vegetable + fruit) for 3 days community Compost manure/pit management training for community 3 days GESI & CCA training for staff community and elected bodies 5 days (Officer +elected bodies) (Junior staff + community)
Capacity Analysis for Line agencies Staffs Capacity analysis for line agency staff working in agriculture, focusing on their interest (but not exclusive) with priority, is also done and is put in the tables below. While discussing with the local line agency staffs, it was found that substantial gap exists in the understanding of GESI as a cross cutting issue and has not been mentioned specifically in local plans of development. This means the issue comes automatically in all the training programs intended to the line agency staffs.
Capacity Development need in Agriculture
Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff Major activities supported by District District Agriculture Office staffs have Make the staffs aware of the Agriculture Office staffs are to train inadequate understanding of climate changing climate and its farmers for better crop production change and it's immediate and long term various effects in the various through better management, and adverse impact of crop production. regions of the districts. help them as and when needed. Staffs have inadequate know how to cope with the rising newer problems associated Make the staffs familiar with with the climatic vagaries and ways to the national policy related to adapt to them. climate change adaptation. Frequently transference of staffs is also disturbs the service and timely refreshment training is imperative in the changing context.
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff In the context of climate change, Remoteness and heterogeneity in the Enhance their capacity to convince services as usual need special farming systems of the district the farmers with the ways means of orientation towards adaptation to appear as bottleneck to run the adaptation to cope with the problems support communities. services smoothly. in discretely and meaningfully
In this situation crop production should also focus on such scarce resources as water and forest.
Staffs in ADO should have Staffs may not have the overall Staffs should have to understand sufficient knowledge about the situation of the rainfall and water water flow system and water watersheds and their feeding areas flow systems in the district. harvesting structures in important and time of flow of water in Water scarcity in cropping seasons hydrological systems of the district. important places in the districts. and excess water falls during rainy seasons are the serious problems in the district. They have to support the Farming communities are not well Train the farmers making water communities to construct and capable of making water structures storage structures and maintaining maintain water storage and like storage dams, water canals, them along with the distribution distribution structures. distribution tank, etc. systems distribution systems. They do not know how to maintain the system either. They should train the Water distribution systems soon They have to facilitate the farmers communities about the rainfall stops functioning due lack of repair with the details of the irrigation and pattern and be familiar with water and maintenance. drainage systems. harvesting methods and areas
Understand the type, time, Neither LA staffs nor most of the Idea on over all understanding and severity and damage caused by communities are well planning in mind of possible disaster climate change induced disasters knowledgeable about the possible such as drought and flood disaster. The farming settlements are scattered and are settled in risk prone areas. Do have conceptual planning in Difficult to reach the areas where Equipped with the early warning mind, sketch and maps for of the disaster occurs. system places prone to disasters. District does not have sufficient manpower with adequate knowledge to cope with the situation. Make the farming communities of Responses to an immediate relief To have adequate knowledge about the possible disaster regarding the action are often costly and the possible disaster type, risk, areas time and impact. unavailable. and time.
Support communities to construct Loss of property and lives are in Understanding the possible plans the needed structures most of the cases is underestimated and cost. LA staffs have to understand an LA staffs do not have adequate Knowledge on the nature of trees intricate relationship among crop- knowledge on the role of available available in various farming livestock and trees. tree in various farming systems. systems. Serious study and the required data on the beneficial interface between the crops and trees is lacking
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff They should understand the No or few studies are available on Compatibility of various multiple importance of various tree species the compatibility of trees/ tree species (MPTS) in agroforestry and their nature of growing in crops/livestock. system. various localities and the Preparation of tree nursery and integration in the system. production of sufficient tree saplings needed. They should suggest the farmers Science based agroforestry systems Recognition of nitrogen fixing trees to select and grow the trees are not in common use and there is and their promotion. System. compatible with crop production no focus on nitrogen fixation. Harnessing the multifaceted utility and livestock operation activities. Tree saplings are not easily available of trees in farming systems with the value addition of their products
Support farmers to build Development of Suitable models of Development of suitable appropriate agro forestry systems agro forestry is not in attention agroforestry model. suitable to the locality
ADO staffs should know the Local crop/varieties generally are To enhance the Knowledge about farming systems in various with low yield potential the climate change and its impact on locations and crop/varieties existing crop/varieties available in the system They should know the yield level Existing crop/varieties may not have Resilience of those crops/varieties to of those varieties cause of low high market value. changing climate as compared to production in the context of Existing crop/ varieties are not newer ones. climate change. capable of producing required Adoption of newer crops/varieties as They have to recognize the amount of yield in changing climate. a means and ways to adapt to potential of various localities to Most of the farming systems may changing climate. adopt and need for newer crop/ not have the crop/varieties resilient Knowledge about the new potential varieties. to changing climate varieties to be introduced in the new They need to know the possibility environment. of introducing new varieties as per Knowledge on the constraints to their need their introduction.
ADO staffs should understand and ADO staffs are not much interested Understanding and recognizing the appreciate the value of local in local resources. value of local resources in the resources in farming systems. They do not appreciate the real value district. of resources such as water, soil and forest in agricultural production. They should internalize and make They do not have knowledge of the Assessment of valuable local farming communities to feel that district due to remoteness and resources in the district. those natural resources are finite. inaccessibility. Extension of ever Increasing use of imported inputs is making local resources to undervalue and displacement.
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Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff They should support the farmers Negligence of local resources are Means and ways to manage the with the means and ways to causing decline in agricultural resources for their regeneration. carefully manage the resources. productivity and simultaneously Planting of trees, controlling erosion degradation of the resource base. and watershed management. They should make the farmers to Farmers lack appropriate innovative Resource management as per the give special care to soil water and ideas of resource use through principles of forest to regenerate in situ and if recycle, reduce and reuse 3R (recycle, reuse and reduce) and needed through such activities value chain development of specific such as erosion control, planting resource. forest trees along with and conversing protecting watersheds. ADO staffs should understand the There is no adequate attention of Detail mapping of frequently and role of bioengineering in land degradation and soil erosion in heavy landslide prone areas. protection of land and soil. most parts of the district. There is poor documentation about the risk prone areas and soil degradation is at alarming scale. They should be familiar with the Due to costly structure the measures Detail study of the farming/cropping techniques that farmers are using to minimize land slide and soil systems with severe soil erosion. to control landslide and soil erosion control in not popular as erosion by biological means. campaign. Introduction of various Planned bioengineering systems are bioengineering models of land and not common among the farming soil conservation. communities. Staffs should have a good Farmers think that the solution to Refinement and promotion of locally knowledge of risk prone areas and minimize landslide and checking available popular methods of land their coping strategies in the erosion are not at their reach. slide and erosion control measures. district.
ADO staffs should understand ADO staffs do not pay adequate Train the staffs in collection and local agricultural knowledge and attention the local knowledge and documentation of local knowledge skill available in various farming skills. and skills. systems and their importance. They should enumerate and Communities do not have any Experiment the knowledge and skills document that knowledge and documentation on the time tested in the changing context in larger support the farmers to preserve local knowledge and skills. scale. them. Analyze the available data at farmer’s level and conclude the result for conversation and efficiency. Refinement of knowledge and Increasing use of external inputs Include them in school curricula and skills as per the need should be have made the farmers lazy and have make them widely available with done through field experiments lost faith on local knowledge or refinement. which are not effective in changing refine and use them more context. efficiently There is no teaching about the local knowledge in schools.
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Box 5: Recommendtions for line agencies staff in agriculture
Recommendations
In context to above gaps existing in agriculture instituion, following recommendations are made: Provide training in climate change training focused on adaptation Develop skills on Water harvesting infrastructure like water source protection dam and it's alter flow system, conservation ponds, use of water channels and pipes. Strenghten capcity development program to provide knowledge in climate resilient agricultural technologies Conduct training on Agroforestry systems Strengthen capacity development program on lead farmer concept, participatory action
research program and farmer field school (FFS) Initaite training on promotion and efficient use of local resources Provide training on bioengineering for protection of land and soil conservation
Provide training on conservation of local knowledge and skills
Capacity Development suggested by the participants in Regional Workshop (31 May-1 June, 2017) Nepalgunj
Activities to be done by the LA Problem Capacity development needs staff ADO staffs should understand ADO staffs do not have adequate Train the staffs in understanding the local resources, especially plant knowledge of the local resources value of local resources that require resources and their value. partly because of the heterogeneity Hi-Tech nursery. of the local condition and partly their frequent transfer. They should be familiar with their They may not have the required Equip them with theoretical and mode of propagation and need for knowledge about the mode of practical knowledge on the Hi-Tech Hi-Tech nursery. dispersal of the available high value Nursery systems and required plant resources. facility. They must know the feasibility of Theory and practice of Hi-Tech Train them to manage such nursery the Hi-Tech nursery in their nursery and knowhow of its and spread it in the district in respective places with its utility management is not available in the sustainable manner. district Make them able to train the and sustainability There is no training program on it. community and, if necessary, refine to fit in local condition.
Box 6: Recommendation from regional workshop for agriculture
Recommendation
Hi-Tech nursery management training for government staff
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Gap identified for agricultural line agencies Capacity gaps identified for agriculture line agency staff on the basis of field visit, interaction, analysis are as below: Climate change training focused on adaptation Water harvesting structures and systems Climate change disasters and cope with them Agroforestry Improved high-yielding climate resilient crop/varieties Efficient use of local resources. Bioengineering for protection of land and soil conservation Refinement of local knowledge/techniques/skill/wisdom Crop/Soil nutrient management Organic manures & fertilizers Conservation agriculture Cover cropping Inclusion of GSI issue as overarching issue in all the thematic areas to which above mentioned trainings are proposed to fill the capacity gap.
Table 10: Training identified for district level staffs in agriculture according to priority and their durations Topic of the training Priority Order Duration (days) Climate change training focused on adaptation I 7 days Water harvesting structures and systems II 5 days Climate change disasters and cope with them III 7 days Agroforestry IV 5 days Improved high-yielding climate resilient crop/varieties V 4 days Efficient use of local resources VI 7 days Bioengineering for protection of land and soil VII 5 days conservation Refinement of local knowledge/techniques/skill/wisdom VIII 7 days Hi-Tech nursery management training Recommended by the 5days Nepalgunj workshop
3.4.3 Capacity Development Needs Relating to Livestock Women are primarily producer of food and livestock, managers of natural resources, preserver of bio-diversity, keeper of traditional knowledge, food processors, and provider of food to their family at their household. In the hills and mountain of Nepal, women works for 17 hours in a day and man only 8 hours (FAO, 2010) that justifies the need of training to the women to build the capacity to cope the unfavorable situation created by climate change. As women are the driving force in the rural communities, they need to be healthy enough to fight against the climate change impact on livestock. Therefore, at least two sessions such as (1). Nutrition, and health, (2). Technique to protect from hot and cold weather event needs to be included in the training
55 program where Public Health Officer/professional can provide the knowledge to the women workforce to adapt with climate change.
Capacity development needs for local communities Work activities (i.e. job analysis) on the livestock farming and fodder production for Local communities (based on the field survey and MoLD directives (Four Pillar System Mission article #7.3) on 20172/10/13) for one week duration (i.e. 6 working days).
Activities to be Problem Capacity development needs done by the community Activities to be Local communities have been adapting a Develop skills to adapt the improved done by local traditional livestock housing and management climate change adaptive livestock community on system management system Shed and Shelter Farmers at local level do know the Develop ability to select the durable fire management of construction of low cost building using locally and water resistance local construction livestock and available materials. materials for shed construction. chicken Local communalities have not fill that the Develop feeling on the importance of climate friendly hygienic shed can help to scientific climate change adaptive shed to reduce the impact of climate change on reduce the incidence of disease like livestock health. pneumonia. Inadequate knowledge about the shelter Develop the knowledge on the importance management in the migratory of semi- of shelter in pasture range Khet and Bari migratory management system to protect the land to protect the animal from extreme animal from extreme cold (snow and frost) climatic conditions especially on the high mountain region in the Develop ability to construct the feeder and districts. waterer to save the feed wastage and to Little knowledge on the scientific feeder to improve feed utilization in stall-feed shave the feed in the stall feeding management system. management system where upto 43 percent To make feeling on the positive aspect of feed can be saved. reduced methane level in improved shed to Little knowledge on the possibility to reduce reduce the neonate mortality mainly due to the effect of methane with improved shed on pneumonia. Provide knowledge and skill the neonate the causes the pneumonia with to construct the climate change adaptive high neonate mortality. scientific shed for livestock and poultry Farming communities do not have adequate farming. knowledge on the importance of improved climate friendly shed to reduce the incidence of disease that impact on the product production such as milk, meat, eggs and fiber. Activities to be Farmers are maintaining inbred local breed. Provide knowledge on importance of done by local Local communities do not have the knowledge breeding using unrelated bucks to reduce communities on to on the negative effect on inbreeding the inbreeding. adapt improved Local communities have less knowledge on Reduce on the use of related male for livestock breed and the importance of selection and adapting breeding policy Negative Selection (NS) of breed able animal. breeding purpose. eg: Good quality male are castrated for meat Discourage on the use of negative selected and week and inbred male are kept for male for breeding purpose. breeding purpose Provide the knowledge on the importance Livestock raiser at community level do not of AI to produce the productive and have on the importance of AI to improve the adaptive breed to the Climate change breed. context.
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Activities to be done Problem Capacity development needs by the community Activities on fodder Local communities adapt the use of locally Adapt improved fodder cultivation production available poor quality fodder Introduce training on forage conservation and Farmers do not have knowledge on the conservation during the end of summer utilization conservation of forage for winter feeding (e.g. season. Hay and silage) Ration formulation using the locally Very poor knowledge on the scientific use of available feed ingratiates. balance ration Major activities on Very poor knowledge on the disease prevention Providing knowledge on the importance the disease and treatments of animals. of disease prevention prevention, control No knowledge on the importance of Use of vaccination and drenching to and treatment to be vaccination and drenching. protect the animal from major disease done by local Poisonous plant affect on animal with sporadic Encouraging to have safe grazing to communities death avoid the intake of poisonous plant in the pasture land. Benefit from the No knowledge on the proper stage of selling of Encourage farmer to calculate the livestock farming is livestock to get higher economic return. economic return from their livestock. not known by the Less knowledge to determine on the weight of Know the calculation methods on body farmers livestock and not able to estimate the price of weight of animal to be sold. the animal to be sold. Note: Based on the field survey and suggestion by Mr. Shyam P. Paudel (Joint Secretary at MOLD on 16th March 2017)
Box 7: Recommendation for communities for livestock sector Recommendations In context to above gaps existing in communities, following recommendations are made for livestock development: Provide skill on the improved shed and shelter construction and management Provide training on the Animal Breeding and Conduct capacity development on the fodder production conservation, ration formulation and utilization
Provide Capacity strengthening programe for climate resilient livestock technologies ProvideStrengthening program for Village Animal Helath Worker (VAHW) group Promote Lead Farmer Concept, Participatory Action Research (PAR) program and Farmer Field School (FFS) tools. Give knowledge and skill for prevention and treatment of major economic livestock disease. Give skill for simple economic analysis of livestock and their products to be marketed.
According to above gap analysis identified for communities in relation to livestock farming are as following: Incorporation of training on shed and shelter establishment and management in the community level The methods to develop the improved climate friendly animal breed for western hills and mountain region Feed and fodder production, rangeland management and conservation to support the livestock farming
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Health management, both preventive and curative training on livestock production Incorporation of training on the sustainable economical estimation and calculation. A week training needs to be consider at community level to develop on the capacity of livestock raiser.
Table 11: Training identified for communities S.N Topic of the training Duration in days 1 Training on the improved shed and shelter construction and management 2 Training on the Animal Breeding and 3 Training on the fodder production conservation, ration 6 days formulation and utilization 4 Training on prevention and treatment of major economic livestock disease. 5 Learning simple economic analysis of livestock and their products to be marketed.
Capacity Development need in Livestock for Community based Farmers Level
Training Dura ration: one week Training working days: 6 Total Session: 24 (Total 22 technical session, i.e. Session Duration: 1.5 hours Opening and closing. Problem Capacity development needs Major contents Livestock Need knowledge on (1) basic principle of Need of physical fitness of both worker and the keeper at climate change, impact and adaptation (2) animal Community relationship of climate change and human Basic principle of climate change and impact on level) does not health to manage the livestock using climate animal production and health (session 1). have adequate friendly /smart shed, encouraging on the use Basic principle of climate change and impact on knowledge on of stall feeding management system in the line human health focusing to the women (Need to handle how to mitigate to protect the range land forest. by Public Health Officer)(Session 2) the impact of Need to understand about the impact of Livestock breed, shed, Livestock Production and Climate Change climate change and adaptation on livestock management , product production (meat, Milk, fiber on livestock and production using hardy breeds (cattle, buffalo, and wool) Ecosystem analysis and it's in the line to it adaptation goats and poultry etc). adapt climate the change measure. The knowledge on, to establish the year round Feed production, conservation and feeding fodder production, conservation, and management to the livestock and poultry for different utilization to improve on the production and growth stage. health of the animal. Establishment and Use of fodder tree for better land Relationship between the climate change and coverage to protect the land degradation, and round animal health and adaptation measure. year foliage production Economics of Climate Change adaptation in Climate change related diseases, relationship to the livestock farming. climate change adaptation (preventive and curative) These needs are packaged into a training Suitable time to sale out the livestock and their Climate Change Adaptation on Livesock product to adapt to the climate change. Management. Note (1) at least 33 % of female participants need to be included. (2) Relevant NGO can join the training of the Field technicians. (3) Five Pillars: (1) Livestock Breed (2) Housing and management (3) Feeds fodder and feeding (4) Animal Health and (5) Economics of farm product.
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Need of Capacity Development and Training Models for Different Levels for District Officials Based on the priority setting, results of the survey, sets of training for different level of technical staff working on district level and field level, considering the gender, have been proposed. The technical norms are based on the DLS training curriculum (Livestock Service Training Curriculum, 2072 Ashad). The training schedule is focused on the climate change and adaptation methods. The capacity plan has been prepared as per the priorities, need based, of the district as recommended by the DLSO chief.
Capacity Need for Line Agencies Staffs Training Dura ration: 3 days Training working days:3 days
Total Sesson:9 Session Duration: 1.5 hours Problem Capacity development needs DLS staff does not have Need knowledge to manage the livestock using climate friendly /smart shed, adequate knowledge on how to encouraging on the use of stall feeding management system in the line to mitigate the impact of Climate protect the range land forest. Need to understand about the impact of climate change and adaptation on Change on livestock and it livestock production using hardy breeds (cattle, buffalo, goats and poultry etc). adaptation measure. The knowledge on, to establish the year round fodder production, conservation, and utilization to improve on the production and health of the animal. Relationship between the climate change and animal health and adaptation measure. Economics of Climate Change adaptation in livestock farming. Note: (1) training based on the format as used by the DLS: Livestock Services Training Curriculum 2072. (2) Livestock Policy prepared by the MOALD 2012.
Box 8: Recommendation for livestock for line agencies staff
Recommendation In context to above gaps existing in livestock, following recommendations are made: Provide understanding in basic principle on the impact of climate change and its adaptation in animal farming for different agro ecological zone of Nepal (including terminologies) Conduct training in international and national policy (LAPA, NAPA) on Climate change and adaptation policies Develop skill for climate smart improved structure (Sheds, feeders, barns, etc) for livestock and Poultry farming Provide capacity for using livestock breed hardy to cope with climatic stress (cold, dry and humid condition) Develop capaciaty to use of drought (cold and hot) and flood resistant promising forage genotypes for round year fodder production Provide training for establishment of fodder nursery, and Use of fodder tree for better land coverage to protect the land degradation, and round year foliage production Provide knowledge on relationship of climate change and the animal disease to adapt the CC. Initiate capacity development for adaptation technique to climate change on livestock production. Give training on economics of Climate Change adaptation in livestock farming (practical relating with the production economics and climate change adaptation)
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Knowledge management Capacity improvement need for KM There is a need to mainstream knowledge management within the government and Non- government institutions to create a sustainable institutional mechanism for learning and sharing of climate change knowledge. This can be initiated by instituting a knowledge management unit in project office, allotting focal persons in concerned district line agencies for roles and functions of KM Unit and Focal person and community knowledge centers (CKCs) at community levels. These mechanisms should play roles to mainstream knowledge management within the government and non-government institutions through a built in mechanism of knowledge generation, processing, sharing and application. The major knowledge gap and knowledge need revealed by the assessment are summarized in Table 12.
Table 12: Summary of knowledge gap and knowledge needs analysis in ASHA Project at Central Level Central/ Knowledge gap/Problem Knowledge development and communication National Level Needs Stakeholders MoAD, MoLS, Evidence-based sector-specific CC policy to Coordinate, consolidate, process and make MoFSC mainstream climate change in development knowledge available to potential stakeholders MoPE, sectors Develop standards and guideline to mainstream MoFALD and Standards and Guidelines to implement CC climate change issue to respective development concern adaptation measures sectors departments Institutional capacity development (specially Develop knowledge sharing culture and human resource) for generation, consolidation mechanism to disseminate CC knowledge and dissemination of CC knowledge effectively Inadequate skill and weak mechanism for Need to enhance the institutional capacity for knowledge transfer to internal staff as well as knowledge management in term of knowledge other concerned organizations at different generation, processing and sharing levels
Box 9: Recommendation for knowledge management for central level
Recommendation In context to above gaps existing in knowledge management, following recommendations are made: Establish a mechanism through which information and knowledge on climate change feeds into policy and planning at various levels. Develop guideline and standards for mainstreaming CC in development programs and projects Improve mechanism for generating, processing, packaging and disseminating of climate change knowledge Strengthen the institutional capacity for knowledge management with an aim to enhance access of users (policymakers, planners, researchers and practitioners) on CC knowledge
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Table 13: Summary of knowledge gap and knowledge needs analysis in ASHA Project Districts Line Agencies Knowledge gap Knowledge development and communication Needs District Agri. Dev. Staff of government line agencies in the IEC materials on the know-how of Office, Livestock project districts do not have adequate climate resilient agriculture Health Services, knowledge of cause and impacts of Climate change and Climate Change District Forest climate change on their respective fields Adaptation Training Manual Office and District of work (crop production, livestock LAPA planning and implementation Soil Conservation production, forestry and soil and water guideline and District management and conservation,) Illustrative booklet on rainwater harvest Development Staff do not have enough knowledge on method Committee resilient technologies for climate change booklet /pamphlets on water source (Presently known adaptation conservation as Distdrict Staff require additional knowledge on Exposure visit of good practices Coordination climate resilient agricultural, livestock, A technical booklet need to be prepared Committee) forestry and soil and water conservation on CC Impacts on forest vegetations technologies Staff orientation on social mobilization Community people are not aware of skill climate resilient technological packages Manual/guideline for natural resources to reduce CC impact on their livelihood management (stone, sand, gravel etc.) Community needs knowledge, skill and Extension and communication skill support on CC adaptation practices training to deal with community people. Both line agencies and local community Internet connectivity for access to lack agro-climatic data and weather sectoral database and CC information information Establish MIS Weather bulletin to be made available regularly
Box 10: Recommendation on knowledge management for district levels
Recommendation Develop and distribute IEC materials such as brochures, booklets, pamphlets, posters on climate smart/resilient technologies (on agriculture, livestock, forestry and soil conservation) and distribute to field technician and farmers Prepare climate and adaptation training manual for staff training Prepare and provide LAPA and LAPA implementation guideline to the project districts Launch awareness campaign to raise public awareness on CC impact on livestock and its adaptation practices Conduct training/workshop on social mobilization and communication skills Establish mini-information centre for information access and retrieval service Install effective internet connectivity Establish MIS system Publish and disseminate weather bulletin to make available in the district to make relevant crop calendar.
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Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion All capacity development gaps regarding CCA with GESI consideration of major stakeholders (line ministries, line agencies and communities) were analyzed. In relation to these gaps, capacity development activities were identified and activities to be implemented are explained in capacity development plan. Other issues, which are related with capacity development or which support preparation and implementation of LAPA have been identified as below:
In forestry institutions, CCA and GESI issues are discussed and emphasized. Mainstreaming of CCA is not sufficiently found in Forestry related programs, plans. Whereas GESI focal point is assigned at MoFSC, but there is no specific institution (Division/Section/Cell) to work in CCA and GESI.
MoFSC has been conducting several capacity development activities/trainings for district line agencies staffs and communities, still there has been identified substantial gaps in knowledge and skills to implement the activities from the perspectives of climate change adaptation and GESI.
The MoAD with its departments, divisions and district offices are responsible for the development of agriculture in the country. However, there is significant capacity gap in CCA at central, district and technical staffs working in community level. Similarly, there is knowledge gap among the farming communities on the issues of climate change and adaptation approach with GESI integration. These issues are very prominent in the six project districts due to heterogeneity in farming systems regarding the biophysical and socio-economic conditions.
The study has indicated that the need for capacity development/training in order to build capacity of the concerned technical staff and the farmers to make them able to plan and execute the CCA programs with GESI to increase food production while keeping in mind that the quality of environment maintained and natural resources conserved. Current Gap Assessment Report is an effective tool to reduce capcity gap in knowledge and skill among the line agencies staffs and local communities.
There is also a substantial gap in the capacity of the district level livestock staffs and communities working on livestock development regarding CCA. To enhance the capacity of line agencies staff and communities with respect to CCA, various capacity development activities were identified. The proposed training modules on climate adaptive technology promotion, adaptation methodolgy in livestock sector could be an
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effective tool to reduce the knowledge gap on the climate change adaptation of livestock sector in hilly farming system of Nepal.
There is a need to mainstream knowledge management within the government and local commnunities to create a sustainable institutional mechanism for learning and sharing of climate change adaptation knowledges. This can be initiated by institutionalization of knowledge management unit in project office, allocating focal person in concerned district line agencies and by establishing community knowledge centers (CKCs) at community levels. This mechanism play role to mainstream knowledge management within the government and local communities' institutions through an in-built mechanism of knowledge generation, processing, sharing and application on climate change adaptation.
It has been found from the study that all line ministries have been given due consideration to GESI while implementing their policy, plan and programmes. There is GESI focal person in each Ministry (MoFALD, MoFSC, MoAD, MoLD and MoPE). All of them have GESI female focal person and section chief (MoFALD) except in MoPE, GESI focal persons informed that they were well trained on GESI issues (except MoPE GESI focal person) but expressed donot have sufficient knowledge on Climate Change Adapttaion aspect with GESI integration. Hence, GESI focal point officers do require basic and advanced training on climate change adaptation to enhance their understanding on climate change adaptation. MoFSC and MoA have prepared GESI strategy which is very appreciative initiation but its implementation part is still needed for improvement since GESI section is engaged in limited activities and its presence need to be visualized.
From the implementation capacity development activities proposed in plan for capacity development report, it is expected that required capacity on CCA with GESI integration will be enhanced among the line agencies officials and communities for the preparation and implementaion of LAPA.
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Recommendations Institutional gap of MoFSC should be minimized through the establishment of climate change adaptation section/unit in the MoFSC and departments under the ministry are necessary (except DSCWM).
Institutional gap of line agencies should be decreased by establishment of GESI focal point at local level in concerned district line agencies is essential.
Capacity gaps in forest managemet should be lessening through the capacity building program on water focused forest management.
Capcity gaps in forest management should be reduced through the promotion of capacity building program on local NTFP and herbs for reducing vulnerabilities of the communities.
Capcity gaps in agriculture sector should be curtailed through the implementation of capcity development programs on climate resilient agriculture technologies, Lead Farmer Concept, Participatory Action Research (PAR) Program, Farmer Field School (FFS) tools.
Capcity gaps in livestock sector should be reduced through the implementation capacity development training on climate resilient livestock technologies such forage planation and strengthening Village Animal Health Worker (VAHW) group, lead farmer concept and PAR program.
Best practices/learnings climate resilient agricultural technologies, crops/varieties, crop/soil nutrient management should be captured, documented and disseminated through knowledge management so as minimize the knowledge gaps in climate change adaption.
Knowledge management gap in CCA should be reduced by estbilishing knowledge management platform in the development plans, programs and projects, in context to preparation and implementation of LAPA.Similarly, it is necessary to assign a knowledge management focal person to strengthen institutional capacity in concerned district line agencies.
Coordination and collaboration should be developed with training, extension and research centres for conducting capacity development activities/trainings on CCA with GESI consideration.
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References
CBS, 2011. National Population and Housing Census 2011, Village Development Committee/Municipality, Volume 06, NPHC 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu, Nepal
DLS, 2073. Livestock Service Training Curriculum. Pub. Directorate of Livestock Service and Training Pp 1 – 141.
DLSO, 2070-72, Annual Reports. Publish by DLSO Rukum, Salyan, Pyuthan, Dailekh, Jajarkot, and Kalikot.
DoFRS, 2015. District Forest Cover MAPs of Nepal. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Department of Forest Research and Survey, Forest Resource Assessment Nepal.
FAO 2017. FFS Manuals on Goats, Cattle and Buffalo, Pig and Chickens, Pub. Livestock and Climate Change Adaptation Project, Lalitpur, Nepal.
FAO 2016. FFS Manuals on Goats and Chickens
GoN, 2004. National Agriculture Policy, 2004, Ministry of Agriculture Development, Government of Nepal.
GoN, 2063. Agro-biodiversity Policy, 2007, Ministry of Agriculture Development, Government of Nepal.
LAPA for Rangsi VDC: BS 2072/73-2074/75, Rukum district 2072, LAPA preparation facilitated by MIK Nepal and Rukum district FECOFUN and supported by MSFP.
LAPA 2070 for Khalanga VDC, Jajarkot: BS 2071/72-2073/74, LAPA prepared by LIBIRD, Pokhara under the support of NCSSP
MoAD, 2015. Agriculture Development Strategies, Ministry of Agriculture and Development, Government of Nepal
MoFALD, Social Mobilization Manual 2071 approved by Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development.
MoFSC, 2014. Forest Sector Gender and Social Inclusion Strategy, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
MoFSC, 2016. Forest Sector Strategy, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal.
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MoHA, 2009. National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of Nepal.
MoLRM, 2012. Land Use Policy, Ministry of Land Reform and Management, Government of Nepal
MoPE, 2011. Climate Change Policy, Ministry of Population and Environment, Government of Nepal.
MoPE, 2011. National Framework on Local Adaptation Plans of Action, Ministry of Population and Environment, Government of Nepal.
MoPE, 2016. Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, Ministry of Population and Environment, Government of Nepal
MoPE, 2016. National Adaptation Plan Formulation Process, Ministry of Population and Environment, Government of Nepal.
Upreti, C. R. 2011. Climate Change: Livestock Vulnerability and Adaptation in Nepal: Proc, of the workshop on climate change: livestock sector vulnerability and adaptation in Nepal. नाट २०७३.जलबायु परिव셍तन ,आधािभू셍 जानकािी पुस्셍का .प्रकाशक :NAST ,खुम쥍टि ,लस्ल셍पुि ,नेपाल
WECS, 2002. Water Resources Strategy, 2002, Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Government of Nepal.
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Annex
Annex 1: Set of Questions for Central level Organizations Ministries and line agencies related to forest sector
Questions for KII in Ministries (related to forest sector) for senior officials/policy makers
1. What are useful policies for climate change with GESI (gender equity and social issues) considerations in your ministry? 2. What were the strengths and weakness of climate change policies and forest policies, plans (NAPA, LAPA) to address climate change adaptation with GESI consideration? 3. What policies you think, we should amend in context to CC adaptations with GESI considerations? 4. In your opinion, what are new policies needs for capacity development in CC with GESI considerations in your ministry? 5. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and CC adaptations and GESI related program implementation? 6. Do national climate change, forest and GESI policies/ define objectives, and priorities enabling the successful implementation of climate-smart practices? Eg water focus sustainable forest management 7. Do climate change and/or forest policies define roles, responsibilities and rights for policy implementation? 8. Do the processes in annual the planning ensure inclusion of climate change concerns in the annual and Five-Year Plans? Are there any criteria set to judge the same? 9. Are those concerns incorporated in five year plan of forestry sector? 10. Does the annual planning guideline provide priority for climate concerns as a strategic area where financial prioritization needs to be done?
Institutional 11. Does your ministry have separate division in the ministry, department, and section working on climate change and GESI issues? Yes/No 12. If Yes. i. Provide Name a. ……….. b. ………. c. ………… ii. Staff a. Male ……………… b. Female…………….. 13. If No. From CC and GESI perspectives, are there any institutions (Department, Division, Section, etc) needed in your ministry? Need or not needed. 14. If needed please elaborate.
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15. How many HR are needed in the institutions you are proposing? What should be there qualification? What should be their level in civil service? 16. What is the role of your office in policy formulation and implementation of program & plan related to CCA and GESI in forestry? 17. Are the ministry/department staffs at central level adequately prepared to deal with climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI issues? 18. What is needed most at central level to improve knowledge and skills on climate change adaptation/GESI? (e.g. workshops on specific topics, training, guidebooks.) 19. Which types of skills are missing at national level in forestry to support data collection on climate change adaptation and GESI? 20. Do the officials in your Ministry/Division/Department/section have knowledge to perform their job according to their TOR for the jobs related to CCA with GESI considerations? 21. If not, what kind of capacity development is needed to increase their efficiency? Please mention topic and durations, e.g, Long-term academic, Training (1-3 month), short training (1-15 days). 22. Is there a mechanism for ensuring coordination, information exchange and effective policy implementation in your ministry for CCA with GESI considerations? If yes, please clarify it.
Ministry/Central level middle officers:
General Questions: 1. Did you or your Ministry (ordepartment) participate in the development of strategies, programs, plans, and projects related to climate change adaptation and GESI? a) National Level b) Regional c) Local 2. If yes, who has been involved? 3. Do you know the linkage between NAPA and LAPA? 4. Do you know how LAPA in being implemented in the forest sector? 5. In your opinion, what was the main weakness in the process of the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan? 6. How such process can be improved? 7. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation process, preparation and implementation, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 8. Does yourministry have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 9. Which ministries/departments have the mandate to work on climate change and GESI issues? Are their mandates clear? 10. What are other important national and international institutions (multilateral, bilateral, civil society organizations (CSOs) and NGOs) in country working on climate change and GESI?
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11. Does ministry have strategies and plans to support its district or regional level and central level staff on cc and GESI issues/problems? Yes/No 12. If yes. To what extent and how? 13. Does staff have high awareness on climate change issues and knowledge on how to deal with cc in day-to-day operations? Yes/No 14. Is there human resource development plan to deal with cc issues? Yes/No 15. If yes. How is it being implemented? 16. If No. What types of skills are needed at central level to integrate climate change adaptation and GESI concerns into forest policies? 17. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection for integrating climate change and GESI issues in forest sector to support the national policies formulation? 18. What types of learning opportunities and further education already exist? 19. What types of learning opportunities are needed to develop appropriate competences in the area of climate change adaptations and GESI? 20. Does sector policy reflect vulnerabilities and risk resulting from climate change impacts? 21. How those policies contribute to mitigation, adaptation capacity and resilience with gender considerations? 22. Does sector five year plan and annual plans reflect strategies approach of the ministry to cc mitigation and adaptation with GESI considerations? 23. If the ministries are using climate change budgets codes and reports of cc expenditures? Do budgets and responsibilities been allocated in perspectives of CC and GESI? 24. Is there any specific budget for cc adaptation and GESI consideration? 25. Are specific functions or institutional capacity empowered to deal with cc issues and enhanced LAPA preparation? 26. Is there any specific adaptation function incorporated in basic function of organization/ministry? 27. Are climate information and knowledge actively collected and used to provide feedback for cc adaptation strategies? 28. Does the annual report have a section in cc, its impacts, the sector strategies, progress, coordination and challenges? 29. Does a sectoral knowledge product or documents recommend cc mainstreaming? 30. Are feedback loop from local government and local line agency office in place for making policies and plans climate smart? 31. Is ministry actively participating in cc related coordination and knowledge platforms? Does it promote need for joint and coordinated approach to combat with climate change adaptation?
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Lining departments and agencies 1. What is the level of climate change awareness eg cc impacts from its various scenario, extreme weather events, degree of risk and impact on various age group, women, marginalized communities, differently able group. 2. Do the departments, teaching institutions, and other concerned organizations such as local NGOs, and INGOshave GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 3. Can you tell please, how many people are working on climate change issues in your department? 4. If Yes. i. How many staff? a. ______full time b. ______part time ii. How many a. Male………………….. b. Female…………………… 5. What is the quality of technical understanding and experience of technical staffs of line agencies? 6. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation and implementation, LAPA formulation process, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 7. Have you participated in any professional development trainings on climate change issues? If yes, which? 8. What are the key climate change impacts and associated vulnerabilities relevant to the sector that you are managing? 9. Is there any linkage between GESI, climate change and sector you are working? 10. What are the current issues of climate change adaptation with GESI consideration in your sector? 11. Forest area and type, their plants and animals susceptible to cc issues. 12. How people suffer for water? Where do they go for water? How long it takes. What is portability or cleanliness of water? 13. What is water related problems observed due to change from snow to rain/water? 14. Is there any policy formulated mainstreaming climate change and GESI in your sector? 15. How is it being implemented? 16. What do you think, why the GESI issues are important to link with the climate change adaptation?
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17. How will women, marginalized community and disable people be Influenced due to climate change in the activities related to your sector? 18. What are government lead activities to combat with climate change? 19. Do you know how LAPA is being implemented in the forest sector? 20. What is the role of your agency in implementing programs, plans and projects related to CC and GESI? 21. Do you know about the ASHA's Enhanced LAPA preparation, why it is enhanced LAPA? 22. What is further programme/ plan on the issue you raised? 23. Do we need to collect any district specific information as below? If so please suggest. 24. What are the gaps in terms of knowledge among district level line agency staff? 25. Do you think that any official working in the district need any training related to CC and GESI? If yes what is the topic and duration? 26. What are the knowledge products/ sources currently being used for climate change adaptation planning ( Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. International conventions b. Government guidelines c. Publications (Reports, Manuals, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): d. Radio programs e. TV Programs f. Web portal g. MIS h. Knowledge/Information Centre/ Library i. Computer/ Mobile Apps: j. Others:
Ministries and line agencies related to Agriculture Sector
Questions for KII in Ministries (related to Agriculture sector) for senior officials/policy makers
1. What is a very coherent/useful agriculture policy for climate change with GESI considerations in your ministry? 2. What were the strengths and weakness of climate change policies, plans (NAPA, LAPA) (to address climate change adaptation with GESI consideration? 3. What policies you think, we should amend? 4. In your opinion, what are new policies needs for capacity development in CC with GESI considerations in your ministry? 5. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and CCA and GESI related program implementation?
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6. Do national climate change and/or agriculture policies/GESI define objectives, and priorities enabling the successful implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices? eg…………………. 7. Do climate change and/or forest policies define roles, responsibilities and rights for policy implementation? 8. Do the processes in annual the planning ensure inclusion of climate change concerns in the annual and Five-Year Plans? Are there any criteria set to judge the same? 9. Are those concerns incorporated in five year plan of forestry sector? 10. Do the annual planning guidelines provide priority for climate concerns as a strategic area where financial prioritization needs to be done?
Institutional 11. Does your ministry has separate division, department, and section working on climate change and GESI issues in your Ministries? Yes/No 12. If Yes. i.Provide Name a. ……….. b. ………. c. ………… ii.Staff a. Male………………. b. Female…………………. 13. If no. From CC and GESI perspectives, are there any institutions (Department, Division, Section, etc) needed in your ministry? Need or not needed. 14. If needed please elaborate. 15. How many HR are needed in the institutions you are proposing? What should be there qualification? What should be their level in civil service? 16. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and implementation of program & plan related to CCA and GESI? 17. Are the ministry/department staff at central level adequately prepared to deal with climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI issues? 18. What is needed most at central level to improve knowledge and skills on climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI? (E.g. workshops on specific topics, training, guidebooks.) 19. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection on climate change adaptation and GESI? 20. Do the officials in your Ministry/Division/Department/section have knowledge to perform their job according to their TOR? 21. If not, what kind of capacity development is needed to increase their efficiency? Please mention topic and durations, e.g, Long-term academic, Training (1-3 month), short training (1-15 days).
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22. Is there a mechanism for ensuring coordination, information exchange and effective policy implementation? If yes, please clarify it.
Ministry/Central level middle officers of agriculture sectors:
General Questions: 1. Did you or your Ministry (department) participate in the development of strategies, programs, plans, and projects related to climate change? a) National Level b) Regional c) Local 2. Who has been involved? 3. Do you know the linkage between NAPA and LAPA? 4. Do you know how LAPA in being implemented in the agriculture sector? 5. In your opinion, what was the main weakness in the process of the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan? 6. How such process can be improved? 7. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation process, preparation and implementation, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 8. Which ministries/departments have the mandate to work on climate change and GESI issues? Are their mandates clear? 9. What are other important national and international institutions (multilateral, bilateral, civil society organizations (CSOs) and NGOs) in country working on climate change and GESI? 10. Does ministry have strategies and plans to support its district or regional level and central level staff on cc and GESI issues/problems? Yes/No 11. If yes. To what extent and how? 12. Does staff have high awareness on climate change issues and knowledge on how to deal with cc in day-to-day operations? Yes/No 13. Is there human resource development plan to deal with cc issues? Yes/No 14. If yes. How is it being implemented? 15. If No. What types of skills are needed at central level to integrate climate change adaptation and GESI concerns into agriculture policies? 16. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection for integrating climate change and GESI issues in agriculture sector to support the national policies formulation? 17. What types of learning opportunities and further education already exist? 18. What types of learning opportunities are needed to develop appropriate competences in the area of climate change adaptations and GESI? 19. Does sector policy reflect vulnerabilities and risk resulting from climate change impacts?
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20. How those policies contribute to mitigation, adaptation capacity and resilience with gender considerations? 21. Does the ministry have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 22. Does sector five year plan and annual plans reflect strategies approach of the ministry to cc mitigation and adaptation with GESI considerations? 23. If the ministries are using climate change budgets codes and reports of cc expenditures? Do budgets and responsibilities been allocated in perspectives of CC and GESI? 24. Is there any specific budget for cc adaptation and GESI consideration? 25. Are specific functions or institutional capacity empowered to deal with cc issues and enhanced LAPA preparation? 26. Is there any specific adaptation function incorporated in basic function of organization/ministry? 27. Are climate information and knowledge actively collected and used to provide feedback for cc adaptation strategies? 28. Does the annual report have a section in cc, its impacts, the sector strategies, progress, coordination and challenges? 29. Does a sectoral knowledge product or documents recommend cc mainstreaming? 30. Are feedback loop from local government and local line agency office in place for making policies and plans climate smart? 31. Is ministry actively participating in cc related coordination and knowledge platforms? Does it promote need for joint and coordinated approach to combat with climate change adaptation?
Lining departments and agencies of agriculture sector 1. What is the level of climate change awareness eg cc impacts from its various scenario, extreme weather events, degree of risk and impact on various age group, women, marginalized communities, differently able group. 2. Do the (DOA) /NARC/ NAST, teaching institutions, and other concerned organizations such as local NGOs, and INGOs like FAO etc, IFAD, etc.have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 3. Can you tell please, how many people are working on climate change issues in your department? 4. If Yes. i. How many staff? a. ______full time b. ______part time ii. How many a. Male………………….. b. Female…………………… 5. What is the quality of technical understanding and experience of technical staffs of line agencies?
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6. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation and implementation, LAPA formulation process, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 7. Have you ever participatedin any professional development trainings on climate change issues? If yes, which? 8. What are the key climate change impacts and associated vulnerabilities relevant to the sector that you belong or you are managing? 9. Is there any linkage between GESI, climate change and sector you are working? 10. What are the current issues of climate change adaptation withGESI consideration in your sector? 11. Is there any policy formulated mainstreaming climate change and GESI in your sector? 12. How is it being implemented? 13. How climate change is affecting the agriculture yield? 14. What type of plans, programs and projects are being implemented to adapt with the impact of climate change? 15. Do you know about the PPCR project being implemented under the Ministry of Agriculture Development? 16. What do you think, why the GESI issues are important to link with the climate change adaptation? 17. How will women, marginalized community and disable people be influenced due to climate change in the activities related to your sector? 18. What are government lead activities to combat with climate change that you are aware of? 19. Do you know how LAPA is being implemented? 20. What is the role of your agencies in implementation programs and plans related to CC and GESI? 21. Do you know about the ASHA's Enhanced LAPA preparation, why it is enhanced LAPA? 22. What is further programme/ plan on the issue you raised? 23. Do we need to collect any district specific information as below? If so please suggest. 24. What is gaps in terms of knowledge among district level line agency staff? 25. Do you think that any officials working in the district need any training related to CC and GESI? If yes what is the durations? 26. Do you know about agriculture apps initiated by MOAD, DHM, and UNDP? 27. What are the knowledge products/ sources currently being used for climate change adaptation planning ( Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. Publications (Reports, Manuals, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): b. Radio programs c. TV Programs
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d. Web portal e. MIS f. Knowledge/Information Centre/ Library g. Computer/ Mobile Apps: h. Others:
Ministries and line agencies related to Livestock Sector
Questions for KII in Ministries (related to Livestock sector) for senior officials/policy makers
1. What is a very coherent/useful livestock policy for climate change with GESI considerations in your ministry? 2. What were the strengths and weakness of climate change policies, plans (NAPA, LAPA) (to address climate change adaptation with GESI consideration? 3. What policies you think, we should amend? 4. In your opinion, what are new policies needs for capacity development in CC with GESI considerations in your ministry? 5. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and CCA and GESI related program implementation? 6. Do national climate change and/or livestock policies/GESI define objectives, and priorities enabling the successful implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices? eg…………………. 7. Do climate change and/or livestock policies define roles, responsibilities and rights for policy implementation? 8. Do the processes in annual the planning ensure inclusion of climate change concerns in the annual and Five-Year Plans? Are there any criteria set to judge the same? 9. Are those concerns incorporated in five year plan of livestock sector? 10. Does the annual planning guideline provide priority for climate concerns as a strategic area where financial prioritization needs to be done?
Institutional 11. Do you have separate division, department, and section working on climate change and GESI issues in your Ministries? Yes/No 12. If Yes. i. Provide Name a. ……….. b. ………. c. ………… ii. Staff a. Male………………. b. Female………………….
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13. If No. From CC and GESI perspectives, are there any institutions (Department, Division, Section, etc) needed in your ministry? Need or not needed. 14. If needed please elaborate. 15. How many HR are needed in the institutions you are proposing? What should be there qualification? What should be their level in civil service? 16. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and implementation of program & plan related to CCA and GESI? 17. Are the ministry/department staffs at central level adequately prepared to deal with climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI issues? 18. What is needed most at central level to improve knowledge and skills on climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI? (e.g. workshops on specific topics, training, guidebooks.) 19. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection on climate change adaptation and GESI? 20. Do the officials in your Ministry/Division/Department/section have knowledge to perform their job according to their TOR? 21. If not, what kind of capacity development is needed to increase their efficiency? Please mention topic and durations, e.g, Long-term academic, Training (1-3 month), short training (1-15 days). 22. Is there a mechanism for ensuring coordination, information exchange and effective policy implementation? If yes, please clarify it.
Ministry/Central level middle officers of livestock sectors:
General Questions: 1. Did you or your Ministry (department) participate in the development of strategies, programs, plans, and projects related to climate change? a) National Level b) Regional c) Local 2. Who has been involved? 3. Do you know the linkage between NAPA and LAPA? 4. Do you know how LAPA in being implemented in the livestock sector? 5. In your opinion, what was the main weakness in the process of the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan? 6. How such process can be improved? 7. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation and implementation, LAPA formulation process, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET?
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8. Which ministries/departments have the mandate to work on climate change livestock, and GESI issues? Are their mandates clear? 9. Which other important national and international institutions (multilateral, bilateral, civil society organizations (CSOs) and NGOs) exist in country working on climate change, livestock and GESI? 10. Does ministry have strategies and plans to support its district or regional level and central level staff on cc and GESI issues/problems? Yes/No 11. If yes. To what extent and how? 12. Does staff have high awareness on climate change issues and knowledge on how to deal with cc in day-to-day operations? Yes/No 13. Is there human resource development plan to deal with cc issues? Yes/No 14. If yes. How is it being implemented? 15. If No. What types of skills are needed at central level to integrate climate change adaptation and GESI concerns into livestock policies? 16. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection for integrating climate change and GESI issues in livestock sector to support the national policies formulation? 17. What types of learning opportunities and further education already exist? 18. What types of learning opportunities are needed to develop appropriate competences in the area of climate change adaptations and GESI? 19. Does sector policy reflect vulnerabilities and risk resulting from climate change impacts? How those policies contribute to mitigation, adaptation capacity and resilience with gender considerations? 20. Does the ministry have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 21. Does sector five year plan and annual plans reflect strategies approach of the ministry to cc mitigation and adaptation with GESI considerations? 22. If the ministries are using climate change budgets codes and reports of cc expenditures? Do budgets and responsibilities been allocated in perspectives of CC and GESI? 23. Is there any specific budget for cc adaptation and GESI consideration? 24. Are specific functions or institutional capacity empowered to deal with cc issues and enhanced LAPA preparation? 25. Is there any specific adaptation function incorporated in basic function of organization/ministry? 26. Are climate information and knowledge actively collected and used to provide feedback for cc adaptation strategies? 27. Does the annual report have a section in cc, its impacts, the sector strategies, progress, coordination and challenges? 28. Does a sectoral knowledge product or documents recommend cc mainstreaming?
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29. Are feedback loop from local government and local line agency office in place for making policies and plans climate smart? 30. Is ministry actively participating in cc related coordination and knowledge platforms? Does it promote need for joint and coordinated approach to combat with climate change adaptation?
Lining departments and agencies of livestock sector 1. What are the key climate change impacts and associated vulnerabilities relevant to the sector that you are managing? 2. What is the level of climate change awareness eg cc impacts from its various scenario, extreme weather events, degree of risk and impact on various age group, women, marginalized communities, differently able group. 3. Do theteaching institutions, and other concerned organizations such as local NGOs, and INGOs IFAD, etc.have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 4. Can you tell please, how many people are working on climate change issues in your department? 5. If Yes. i. How many staff? a. ______full time b. ______part time ii. How many a. Male………………….. b. Female…………………… 6. What is the quality of technical understanding and experience of technical staffs of line agencies? 7. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation and implementation, LAPA formulation process, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 8. Have you participated in any professional development trainings on climate change issues? If yes, which? 9. What are the current issues of climate change adaptation with GESI consideration in your sector? 10. How climate change and livestock development is linked? 11. What is the linkage of livestock and gender? 12. Why do you think climate change adaptation with GESI consideration is important? 13. What type of plans, programs and projects in livestock sector are being implemented to adapt with the impact of climate change? 14. What is the role of line agencies in implementation programs and plans related to CC and GESI?
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15. What are government lead activities to combat with climate change? 16. Do you know about the ASHA's Enhanced LAPA preparation, why it is enhanced LAPA? 17. What is further programme/ plan on the issue you raised? 18. Do we need to collect any district specific information as below? If so please suggest. 19. What is gaps in terms of knowledge among district level line agency staff? 20. Do you think that any officials working in the district need any training related to CC and GESI? If yes what is the durations? 21. Do you know about climatic apps? 22. Which application you are using for climatic information? 23. What are the knowledge products/ sources currently being used for climate change adaptation planning ( Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. Publications (Reports, Manuals, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): b. Radio programs c. TV Programs d. Web portal e. MIS f. Knowledge/Information Centre/ Library g. Computer/ Mobile Apps: h. Others:
Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Questions for KII in Ministries for senior officials/policy makers
1. What are useful policies for climate change with GESI (gender equality and social issues) considerations in your ministry? 2. What were the strengths and weakness of climate change policies, plans (NAPA, LAPA) to address climate change adaptation with GESI consideration? 3. What policies you think, we should amend in context to CC adaptations with GESI considerations? 4. In your opinion, what are new policies needs for capacity development in CC with GESI considerations in your ministry? 5. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and CC adaptations and GESI related program implementation? 6. Do national climate change, and GESI policies/ define objectives, and priorities enabling the successful implementation of climate-smart practices? 7. Do climate change policies define roles, responsibilities and rights for policy implementation? 8. Do the processes in annual the planning ensure inclusion of climate change concerns in the annual and Five-Year Plans? Are there any criteria set to judge the same? 9. Are those concerns incorporated in five year plan of your sector?
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10. Does the annual planning guideline provide priority for climate concerns as a strategic area where financial prioritization needs to be done?
Institutional 11. Does your ministry have separate division in the ministry, department, and section working on climate change and GESI issues? Yes/No 12. If Yes. i.Provide Name d. ……….. e. ………. f. ………… ii.Staff a. Male ……………… b. Female…………….. 13. If No. From CC and GESI perspectives, are there any institutions (Department, Division, Section, etc) needed in your ministry? Need or not needed. 14. If needed please elaborate. 15. How many HR are needed in the institutions you are proposing? What should be there qualification? What should be their level in civil service? 16. What is the role of your office in policy formulation and implementation of program & plan related to CCA and GESI in your sector? 17. Are the ministry/department staffs at central level adequately prepared to deal with climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI issues? 18. What is needed most at central level to improve knowledge and skills on climate change adaptation/GESI? (e.g. workshops on specific topics, training, guidebooks.) 19. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection on climate change adaptation and GESI? 20. Do the officials in your Ministry/Division/Department/section have knowledge to perform their job according to their TOR for the jobs related to CCA with GESI considerations? 21. If not, what kind of capacity development is needed to increase their efficiency? Please mention topic and durations, e.g, Long-term academic, Training (1-3 month), short training (1-15 days). 22. Is there a mechanism for ensuring coordination, information exchange and effective policy implementation in your ministry for CCA with GESI considerations? If yes, please clarify it.
Ministry/Central level middle officers:
General Questions: 1. Did you or your Ministry (or department) participate in the development of strategies, programs, plans, and projects related to climate change adaptation and GESI? a) National Level b) Regional c) Local
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2. If yes, who has been involved? 3. Do you know the linkage between NAPA and LAPA? 4. Do you know how LAPA in being implemented in your sector? 5. In your opinion, what was the main weakness in the process of the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan? 6. How such process can be improved? 7. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation process, preparation and implementation, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 8. Which ministries/departments have the mandate to work on climate change and GESI issues? Are their mandates clear? 9. What are other important national and international institutions (multilateral, bilateral, civil society organizations (CSOs) and NGOs) in country working on climate change and GESI? 10. Does ministry have strategies and plans to support its district or regional level and central level staff on cc and GESI issues/problems? Yes/No 11. If yes. To what extent and how? 12. Does staff have high awareness on climate change issues and knowledge on how to deal with cc in day-to-day operations? Yes/No 13. Is there human resource development plan to deal with cc issues? Yes/No 14. If yes. How is it being implemented? 15. If No. What types of skills are needed at central level to integrate climate change adaptation and GESI concerns into policies? 16. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection for integrating climate change and GESI issues to support the national policies formulation? 17. What types of learning opportunities and further education already exist? 18. What types of learning opportunities are needed to develop appropriate competences in the area of climate change adaptations and GESI? 19. Does sector policy reflect vulnerabilities and risk resulting from climate change impacts? 20. How those policies contribute to mitigation, adaptation capacity and resilience with gender considerations? 21. Does the ministry have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 22. Does sector five year plan and annual plans reflect strategies approach of the ministry to cc mitigation and adaptation with GESI considerations? 23. If the ministries are using climate change budgets codes and reports of cc expenditures? Do budgets and responsibilities been allocated in perspectives of CC and GESI? 24. Is there any specific budget for cc adaptation and GESI consideration?
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25. Are specific functions or institutional capacity empowered to deal with cc issues and enhanced LAPA preparation? 26. Is there any specific adaptation function incorporated in basic function of organization/ministry? 27. Are climate information and knowledge actively collected and used to provide feedback for cc adaptation strategies? 28. Does the annual report have a section in cc, its impacts, the sector strategies, progress, coordination and challenges? 29. Does a sectoral knowledge product or documents recommend cc mainstreaming? 30. Are feedback loop from local government and local line agency office in place for making policies and plans climate smart? 31. Is ministry actively participating in cc related coordination and knowledge platforms? Does it promote need for joint and coordinated approach to combat with climate change adaptation?
Lining departments and agencies 1. What is the level of climate change awareness eg cc impacts from its various scenario, extreme weather events, degree of risk and impact on various age group, women, marginalized communities, differently able group. 2. Do the departments, teaching institutions, and other concerned organizations such as local NGOs, and INGOshave GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 3. Can you tell please, how many people are working on climate change issues in your department? 4. If Yes. i. How many staff? a. ______full time b. ______part time ii. How many a. Male………………….. b. Female…………………… 5. What is the quality of technical understanding and experience of technical staffs of line agencies? 6. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation and implementation, LAPA formulation process, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 7. Have you participated in any professional development trainings on climate change issues? If yes, which?
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8. What are the key climate change impacts and associated vulnerabilities relevant to the sector that you are managing? 9. Is there any linkage between GESI, climate change and sector you are working? 10. What are the current issues of climate change adaptation with GESI consideration in your sector? 11. Is there any policy formulated mainstreaming climate change and GESI in your sector? 12. How is it being implemented? 13. What do you think, why the GESI issues are important to link with the climate change adaptation? 14. How will women, marginalized community and disable people be Influenced due to climate change in the activities related to your sector? 15. What are government lead activities to combat with climate change? 16. Do you know how LAPA is being implemented? 17. What is the role of your agency in implementing programs, plans and projects related to CC and GESI? 18. Do you know about the ASHA's Enhanced LAPA preparation, why it is enhanced LAPA? 19. What is further programme/ plan on the issue you raised? 20. Do we need to collect any district specific information as below? If so please suggest. 21. What are the gaps in terms of knowledge among district level line agency staff? 22. Do you think that any official working in the district need any training related to CC and GESI? If yes what is the topic and duration? 23. What are the knowledge products/ sources currently being used for climate change adaptation planning ( Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. International conventions b. Government guidelines c. Publications (Reports, Manuals, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): d. Radio programs e. TV Programs f. Web portal g. MIS h. Knowledge/Information Centre/ Library i. Computer/ Mobile Apps: j. Others:
Ministry of Population and Environment
Questions for KII in Ministries for senior officials/policy makers
1. What are useful policies for climate change with GESI (gender equality and social issues) considerations in your ministry?
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2. What were the strengths and weakness of climate change policies, plans (NAPA, LAPA) to address climate change adaptation with GESI consideration? 3. What policies you think, we should amend in context to CC adaptations with GESI considerations? 4. In your opinion, what are new policies needs for capacity development in CC with GESI considerations in your ministry? 5. What is the role of your institution in policy formulation and CC adaptations and GESI related program implementation? 6. Do national climate change and GESI policies/ define objectives, and priorities enabling the successful implementation of climate-smart practices? 7. Do climate change policies define roles, responsibilities and rights for policy implementation? 8. Do the processes in annual the planning ensure inclusion of climate change concerns in the annual and Five-Year Plans? Are there any criteria set to judge the same? 9. Are those concerns incorporated in five year plan of your sector?\ 10. Does the annual planning guideline provide priority for climate concerns as a strategic area where financial prioritization needs to be done?
Institutional 11. Does your ministry have separate division in the ministry, department, and section working on climate change and GESI issues? Yes/No 12. If Yes. i.Provide Name a. ……….. b. ……….. c. ………… ii.Staff a. Male ……………… b. Female…………….. 13. If No. From CC and GESI perspectives, are there any institutions (Department, Division, Section, etc) needed in your ministry? Need or not needed. 14. If needed please elaborate. 15. How many HR are needed in the institutions you are proposing? What should be there qualification? What should be their level in civil service? 16. What is the role of your office in policy formulation and implementation of program & plan related to CCA and GESI in your sector? 17. Are the ministry/department staffs at central level adequately prepared to deal with climate change and specifically climate change adaptation/GESI issues? 18. What is needed most at central level to improve knowledge and skills on climate change adaptation/GESI? (E.g. workshops on specific topics, training, guidebooks.) 19. Which types of skills are missing at national level in forestry to support data collection on climate change adaptation and GESI?
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20. Do the officials in your Ministry/Division/Department/section have knowledge to perform their job according to their TOR for the jobs related to CCA with GESI considerations? 21. If not, what kind of capacity development is needed to increase their efficiency? Please mention topic and durations, e.g, Long-term academic, Training (1-3 month), short training (1-15 days). 22. Is there a mechanism for ensuring coordination, information exchange and effective policy implementation in your ministry for CCA with GESI considerations? If yes, please clarify it.
Ministry/Central level middle officers:
General Questions: 1. Did you or your Ministry (or department) participate in the development of strategies, programs, plans, and projects related to climate change adaptation and GESI? a) National Level b) Regional c) Local 2. If yes, who has been involved? 3. Do you know the linkage between NAPA and LAPA? 4. Do you know how LAPA in being implemented in your sector? 5. In your opinion, what was the main weakness in the process of the development of the Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan? 6. How such process can be improved? 7. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation process, preparation and implementation, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 8. Which ministries/departments have the mandate to work on climate change and GESI issues? Are their mandates clear? 9. What are other important national and international institutions (multilateral, bilateral, civil society organizations (CSOs) and NGOs) in country working on climate change and GESI? 10. Does ministry have strategies and plans to support its district or regional level and central level staff on cc and GESI issues/problems? Yes/No 11. If yes. To what extent and how? 12. Does staff have high awareness on climate change issues and knowledge on how to deal with cc in day-to-day operations? Yes/No 13. Is there human resource development plan to deal with cc issues? Yes/No 14. If yes. How is it being implemented? 15. If No. What types of skills are needed at central level to integrate climate change adaptation and GESI concerns into policies? 16. Which types of skills are missing at national level to support data collection for integrating climate change and GESI issues to support the national policies formulation?
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17. What types of learning opportunities and further education already exist? 18. What types of learning opportunities are needed to develop appropriate competences in the area of climate change adaptations and GESI? 19. Does sector policy reflect vulnerabilities and risk resulting from climate change impacts? 20. How those policies contribute to mitigation, adaptation capacity and resilience with gender considerations? 21. Does the ministry have GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 22. Does sector five year plan and annual plans reflect strategies approach of the ministry to cc mitigation and adaptation with GESI considerations? 23. If the ministries are using climate change budgets codes and reports of cc expenditures? Do budgets and responsibilities been allocated in perspectives of CC and GESI? 24. Is there any specific budget for cc adaptation and GESI consideration? 25. Are specific functions or institutional capacity empowered to deal with cc issues and enhanced LAPA preparation? 26. Is there any specific adaptation function incorporated in basic function of organization/ministry? 27. Are climate information and knowledge actively collected and used to provide feedback for cc adaptation strategies? 28. Does the annual report have a section in cc, its impacts, the sector strategies, progress, coordination and challenges? 29. Does a sectoral knowledge product or documents recommend cc mainstreaming? 30. Are feedback loop from local government and local line agency office in place for making policies and plans climate smart? 31. Is ministry actively participating in cc related coordination and knowledge platforms? Does it promote need for joint and coordinated approach to combat with climate change adaptation?
Lining departments and agencies 1. What is the level of climate change awareness eg cc impacts from its various scenario, extreme weather events, degree of risk and impact on various age group, women, marginalized communities, differently able group. 2. Do the departments, teaching institutions, and other concerned organizations such as local NGOs, and INGOshave GESI strategies? GESI division or unit or focal point for CC and GESI mainstreaming. 3. Can you tell please, how many people are working on climate change issues in your department? 4. If Yes. i. How many staff? a. ______full time b. ______part time
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ii. How many a. Male………………….. b. Female…………………… 5. What is the quality of technical understanding and experience of technical staffs of line agencies? 6. Are the technical staffs of line agencies efficient enough in terms of experience and technical understanding of adaptation planning or LAPA preparation and implementation, LAPA formulation process, importance of integration of GESI in LAPA process, innovative adaptation tools and techniques, innovative practices on watershed management, climate resilient practices, RET? 7. Have you participated in any professional development trainings on climate change issues? If yes, which? 8. What are the key climate change impacts and associated vulnerabilities relevant to the sector that you are managing? 9. Is there any linkage between GESI, climate change and sector you are working? 10. What are the current issues of climate change adaptation with GESI consideration in your sector? 11. Is there any policy formulated mainstreaming climate change and GESI in your sector? 12. How is it being implemented? 13. What do you think, why the GESI issues are important to link with the climate change adaptation? 14. How will women, marginalized community and disable people be Influenced due to climate change in the activities related to your sector? 15. What are government lead activities to combat with climate change? 16. Do you know how LAPA is being implemented? 17. What is the role of your agency in implementing programs, plans and projects related to CC and GESI? 18. Do you know about the ASHA's Enhanced LAPA preparation, why it is enhanced LAPA? 19. What is further programme/ plan on the issue you raised? 20. Do we need to collect any district specific information as below? If so please suggest. 21. What are the gaps in terms of knowledge among district level line agency staff? 22. Do you think that any official working in the district need any training related to CC and GESI? If yes what is the topic and duration? 23. What are the knowledge products/ sources currently being used for climate change adaptation planning ( Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. International conventions b. Government guidelines c. Publications (Reports, Manuals, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): d. Radio programs
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e. TV Programs f. Web portal g. MIS h. Knowledge/Information Centre/ Library i. Computer/ Mobile Apps: j. Others
Questions for KII in line ministries related to knowledge management
1. What are the knowledge products/ sources currently being used for climate change adaptation planning (Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. International conventions b. Government guidelines c. Publications (Reports, Manuals, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): d. Radio programs e. TV Programs f. Web portal g. MIS h. Knowledge/Information Centre/ Library i. Computer/ Mobile Apps: j. Others:
2. To what extent are existing policies and regulations on climate change adaptation and mitigation easily accessible (in printed, online formats, etc.) and easy to understand?
3. Are there mechanisms for knowledge sharing in CCA and GESI at the Ministry levels?
4. Are staffs of relevant agencies adequately informed on global climate change issues?
5. How are you sharing/communicating knowledge for climate change adaptation planning and implementation to potential stakeholders (Please mark from the below mentioned list on priority basis and or add more if you feel so) a. Reports, policy guidelines, News bulletin, etc.): b. Radio programs c. TV Programs d. Web portal e. MIS f. Lesions learned g. Best practices case study h. Computer Apps/Mobile Apps i. Other
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Annex 2: List of Participants in Central Level Tools Validation Workshop S.N Name Organization Designation Contact E-mail 1 Rabin Kumar Gyalan MoFSC APO 9843791544 [email protected] 2 Bishnu Kumari Adhikari MoFSC APO 9841885978 [email protected] 3 Madhu Ghimire MoFSC Under Secretary [email protected] 4 Indira Mulepati MoFSC ASCO 9841477371 [email protected] 5 Sabitri Aryal MoFSC Research Officer 9841235343 [email protected] 6 Rose Shrestha DoP Under Secretary 9849188167 [email protected] 7 Niki Maskey IDE-Nepal Program Coordinator 9841887093 [email protected] 8 Shradda Sigdel MoFSC AMEO 9846342268 [email protected] 9 Bhuban Timalsina MOFSC APO 9851202023 [email protected] 10 Pashupati Koirala ASHA Project Coordinator 11 Shila Gyawali ASHA Planning Officer 9849852716 [email protected] 12 Engila Mishra ASHA Climate Change Specialist 9841184089 [email protected] 13 Asha Sharma MoAD AO 9841530592 [email protected] 14 Suresh Sharma DoAD AO 9841281767 [email protected] 15 Navin Bhandari DoAD ATO 9847155215 [email protected] 16 Dr. Shova Baral MoLD VO 9860780465 [email protected] 17 Dr Roshika Shrestha DLS VO 9849234445 [email protected] 18 Dr Puja Sharma DLS VO 9849416245 [email protected] 19 Draupadi Subedi ASHA GESI Specialist 9851125312 [email protected] 20 Shiva Hari Budhathoki AEPC GESIO 9851118446 [email protected] 21 Arati Khadgi WWF PO 9803291665 [email protected] 22 Sarita Karki SABAL GESI Specialist 9851055329 [email protected] 23 Dr Keshav Sharma ADAPT-Nepal Technical Director 9802011786 [email protected] 24 Bal Krishna Prasai ADAPT-Nepal Managing Director 9851088417 25 Kumud Shrestha ADAPT-Nepal TL/Forestry Expert 9851189760 [email protected] 26 Khem Raj Dahal ADAPT-Nepal Agriculture Expert 9855056420 [email protected] 27 Upendra Phuyal ADAPT-Nepal Knowledge Management Expert 9851071600 [email protected] 28 Dr. Chet Raj Upreti ADAPT-Nepal Livestock Expert 9841494856 [email protected] 29 Arjun Dhakal ADAPT-Nepal Econmist 9851071365 [email protected] 30 Dr. Shyamu Thapa Magar ADAPT-Nepal GESI Expert 9841460784 [email protected] 31 Sabina Maharjan ADAPT-Nepal Environment Officer [email protected] 32 Jyotsana Dhungana ADAPT-Nepal Environment Officer 33 Padam Adhikari ADAPT-Nepal Admin 9841350477 [email protected]
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Annex 3: Movement Schedule (January and February, 2017) Climate Change Screening team of ADAPT- Nepal
Date Place 26 January 2017, Kathmandu to Salyan Thursday 27 January 2017, Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Conservation, Agriculture, Friday Livestock line agencies in Salyan 28 January 2017, Visiting local communities in Salyan: Dhor chaur village and Kandagithi Saturday village near Rambazar 29 January 2017, Team A: Move from Salyan to Rukum Sunday Team B: Move from Salyan to Rolpa 30 January 2017, Team A: Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Conservation, Agriculture, Monday Livestock line agencies in Rukum Team B: Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Conservation, Agriculture, Livestock line agencies in Rolpa 31 January 2017, Team A: Visiting communities in Rukum and travel to Nepalgunj Tuesday Team B: Visiting communities in Rolpa and back to Kathmandu 1 February 2017, Travel from Nepalganj to Jajarkot Wednesday 2 February 2017, Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Conservation, Agriculture, Thursday Livestock line agencies in Jajarkot 3 February 2017, Travel from Jajarkot to Dailekh. Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Friday Conservation, Agriculture, Livestock line agencies in Dailekh 4 February 2017, Visiting communities in Dailekh Saturday 5 February 2017, Travel from Dailekh to Kalikot. Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Sunday Conservation, Agriculture, Livestock line agencies in Kalikot 6 February 2017, Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Conservation, Agriculture, Monday Livestock line agencies in Dailekh 7 February 2017, Visiting local government, Forest, Soil Conservation, Agriculture, Tuesday Livestock line agencies and communities in Dailekh 8 February 2017, Bhairawaha to Kathmandu Wednesday
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Annex 4: List of groups where FGD is conducted S.No. District Name of the user group Total person FGD persons 1 Dailekh Kuntha khola Community Forest user 30 5 group 2 Jajarkot Bheri Malika village, Bheri Malika 41 7 Municipality Kudu Kaprekot CFUG in Kudu village 91 10 Jagatipur VDC 3 Kalikot Bharta VDC, Kalikot 105 12 Thakuri tole, Manma with Rangers 12 4 4 Rolpa Sallibot Mahila CFUG, Liwang VDC 45 7 Suwakhola CFUG, Khummel VDC 32 5 5 Rukum Indreni CFUG, Chhiwang VDC 42 5 Solobang CFUG 25 6 6 Salyan Siddeswari Women Community Forest 42 7 User Group, Dhor chaur, Salyan Sakhe Pipal, Kanda Githi, VDC Office 101 10 Namuna CFUG, Kapurkot, Dhanbang 45 7 VDC Total so far 611 85
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Annex 5: A List of Officials Consulted in districts Office Persons Contacted Designation Phone Number Salyan District Forest Office Navraj Kafle District Forest Officer 9841741652 Thir Prasad Koirala Assistant Forest Officer Megh Nath Kafle Assistant Forest Officer 9847083411 Suresh Kumar Sharma Assistant Forest Officer Mijan Regmi District Project Coordinator, 9845138804 ASHA District Soil Conservation Office District Development Krian Bujel, Engineer Energy Officer, DEECC Committee Khim Bahadur Local Development Officer Rayamajhi Dal Bahadur Basnet Planning Officer DDC District Livestock Services Dr. Balkumar Shrestha Senior Livestock Development Office Officer Suwarna Singh Thakuri Livestock Development Officer District Agriculture Prithivi Raj Technical Assistant, Planning 9847845725 Development Office Lamichhane Section Rukum District Forest Office Bhim Prasad Kandel Assistant Forest Officer 9846384037 Ms Diksha Pokharel Assistant Forest Officer Lalit Jung Khadka Ranger 9851164080 Sher Bahadur District Project Coordinator, 9858025841 ASHA District Soil Conservation Sanji Gharti Technical Assistant Office Bimal Bedhaa Sub-engineer 9841098175 District Development Narendra Kumar Local Development Officer 9857866222 Committee Rana District Livestock Services Krishna bahadur Karki Senior Livestock Development Office Officer District Agriculture Manoj Pokhrel Crop Conservation Officer Development Office District Women Development Bhawani Shahi Women Development Officer Office Pushpa Rizal Women Development Officer 088-530022 Jajarkot District Forest Office Upendra Patel District Forest Officer 9758002133 Balram Paudel District Project Coordinator, 9849246826 ASHA District Agriculture Rishi Ghimere, Ph.D. Agricultural Research Development Office District Development Indra Gautam Local Development Officer Committee Mr. Sandeep Kumar Coordinator NCCSP, DDC Kayastha, District Livestock Services Sumeendra Yadav Senior Livestock Development Office Officer
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Rishi Ram Sapkota Livestock development officer Kapil Prasad Livestock Development Officer Upadhyaya Amar Khanal, Livestock Development Officer Livestock Doctor District Women Development Saraswoti Poudyal Women Development Officer Office Anupama Duibedi Women Development Officer Dailekh District Forest Office Ramkaji Shrestha District Forest Officer 9858050132 Kamal Acharya District Project Coordinator, 9851190164 ASHA District Soil Conservation Sikhar Chapai District Soil Conservation Office Officer District Development Dilaram Panthi Local Development Officer Committee Padam Sapkota Programme Officer District Agriculture Ram Chandra Subedi Senior Agriculture Development Development Office Officer Arjun Dhakal District Agriculture Development Officer District Livestock Services Prachanda Prasad Livestock Development Officer Office Chhetri Kalikot District Forest Office Achal Dhugana District Forest Officer 9843046532 Bimal KC Assistant Forest Officer Shiva Narayan Mandal Assistant Forest Officer Prakash Devkota Ranger Manir Ansari District Project Coordinator, 9855069074 ASHA District Development Pabita Shahi Plan Monitoring and Committee Administration Officer Bipin Koirala Civil Engineer , NCCSP Raj bahadur Bam Nayab Subba, Adminstration Kranaprasad Chaulagai Social Mobilizer, Daha VDC District Agriculture Sunil Kumar Singh Senior Agriculture Development Development Office Officer Gangaram Yadav Agriculture Development Officer 9843372956 District Livestock Services Braj Kishore Thakur Senior livestock Development 9841293429 Office Officer Birendra Prasad Patel Livestock Development Officer
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Office Persons Contacted Designation Phone Number Rolpa District Forest Office Bhim Bahadur District Forest Officer, 9841741652 Kalikota, District Forest Office Narayan Bhattarai ASHA Project District Soil Conservation Pradeep Kumar District Soil Conservation Office Mishra Officer, DSCO District Developmet Council Damodar Subedi Secretary, local fund, DDC Ramkumar Neupane Information Officer, DDC Yamuna Suwal District Coordinator, DDC Hukum Bahadur Eletronic Engineer, DDC Buda District Livestock Services Dharma Raj Giri, Livestock Development Office Officer, DLSO Gandhi Raj Veterinary Officer, DLSO Upadhaya District Agriculture Lal Kumar Shrestha District Agriculture Development Office Develoment Officer Rabindra Paudel Extension and Training Officer, DADO Lok Raj Subedi Program Officer, DADO Total so far 66 persons
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Annex 6: List of Participants in Regional Level Workshop at Nepalgunj S.N Name Organization District Designation Contact E-mail 1 Bhuban Timalsina MoFSC Kathmandu APO 9851202023 [email protected] 2 Manir Ansari ASHA Kalikot DPC 9855069074 [email protected] 3 Anil Dhungana ASHA Kathmandu AO 4 Amrit Gyawali ASHA Kathmandu Ranger [email protected] 5 Tej Bahadur Khanal DADO Jajarkot HBO 9848028581 6 Prakash Basnet ASHA Surkhet M & E Officer 7 Khem Raj Dahal ADAPT-Nepal Agriculture Expert 9855056420 [email protected] 8 Khem Raj Regmi ASHA Surkhet Agriculture Specialist 9845359362 [email protected] 9 Naba Raj Kafle DFO Salyan DFO 9841741652 10 Pashupati Koirala ASHA Project Coordinator 11 Shila Gyawali ASHA Planning Officer 9849852716 [email protected] 12 Top Bahadur Budha DCC Dailekh SSM Officer 9848050107 [email protected] 13 Bhim Bahadur Bist DLSO Dailekh J.T 9848054601 [email protected] 14 Kuber K.C DCC Rukum PO 9866904812 [email protected] 15 Balkrishna Bohara Irrigation Rukum Sub-Engineer 9806262251 Division 16 Gita Chapagain Women anad Salyan CPI 9848233993 child welfare office 17 Purna Bahadur Oli DCC Salyan Programme Officer 9847844833 [email protected] 18 Yam Bahadur K.C WCO Rukum Accoumtamt 9848293962 [email protected] 19 Draupadi Subedi ASHA Surkhet GESI Specialist 9851125312 [email protected] 20 Ramesh Kumar K.C ASHA Rukum Khardar 9857824294 21 Shyamu Thapa Magar ADAPT-Nepal GESI Expert 9841460784 22 Kumud Shrestha ADAPT-Nepal TL/Forestry Expert [email protected] 23 Padam Adhikari ADAPT-Nepal Admin 9841350477 [email protected] 24 Sabina Maharjan ADAPT-Nepal Environment Officer [email protected] 25 Jyotsana Dhungana ADAPT-Nepal 26 Ramkaji Shrestha DFO Dailekh DFO 9858050132 27 Achal Dhungana DFO Kalikot DFO 9843046532 28 Rishav Karnakar DPC Jajarkot Internal Auditor 9841126346 29 Anjani Rajbansi MoFSC Kathmandu SO 9841753333 [email protected]
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30 Choma Paudel WCO Dailekh Sahayek Mahila 9843162728 [email protected] Bikash Nirikshak 31 Manoj Kumar Acharya DFO Salyan Nasu 9857844295 32 Subarna Singh Thakuri DLSO Salyan LDO 9847849335 33 Lal Kumar Shrestha DADO Rolpa SADO 9857824505 [email protected] 34 Dr. Gandhi Upadhyay DLSO Rolpa S. V Officer 9847054852 [email protected] 35 Narayan Dev Bhattarai ASHA Rolpa DPO 9857824551 [email protected] 36 Hari Bdr. Chettri DCC Kalikot AO 9858050145 [email protected] 37 Kamal Acharya ASHA Dailekh DPC 9851190164 [email protected] 38 Mijan Raj Regmi ASHA Salyan DPC 9845138804 [email protected] 39 Bala Ram Paudyal DPC Jajarkot DPC 9849246826 [email protected] 40 Pradip Kumar Mishra DSCO Rolpa DSCO 9844028996 [email protected] 41 Haribansa Neupane MWRFD Surkhet AFO 9846008090 [email protected] 42 Jagannath Pd. Jaiswal DFO Rukum DFO 9857824300 43 Navin Nath Chalise DoF Kathmandu AFO 9849074333 [email protected] 44 Srijana Shrestha REDPIC, Kathmandu AFO 9845090316 [email protected] MoFSC 45 Ajaj Ahmed Amari MWRFD Surkhet Ranger 9755001166 [email protected] 46 Kapil Dhungana DSCO Salyan ASCO 9846107320 [email protected] 47 Nabraj Poudel DFO Jajarkot AFO 9846325852 [email protected] 48 Pankaja Kumari Joshi WDO Jajarkot WDO 9858065032 [email protected] 49 Dr. Shree Ram Ghimire DADO Jajarkot SADO 9858060125 [email protected] 50 Sunil Singh DADO Kalikot Chief 9841576349 [email protected] 51 Bishna Giri Khadka WSSSDO Jajarkot WSST 9847969016 [email protected] 52 Sumindra Yadav DLSO Jajarkot Chief DLSO 9842826549 [email protected] 53 Dr. Braj Kishor Thakur 9841293429 [email protected]
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Annex 7: List of Participants in Central-level Sharing Workshop S.N Name Organization Designation Contact E-mail 1 Niki Maskey IDE-Nepal Program Coordinator 9841887093 [email protected] 2 Dr. Sujeeta Pokharel DLS Veterinary Officer 9845442300 [email protected] 3 Shradda Sigdel MoFSC AMEO 9846342268 [email protected] 4 Bhuban Timalsina MoFSC APO 9851202023 [email protected] 5 Shiva Bahadur KC MoLD SLDO 9841753527 [email protected] 6 Prakash Chandra Tara ASHA Livestock Specialist 9841817005 [email protected] 7 Khem Raj Dahal ADAPT-Nepal Agriculture Expert 9855056420 [email protected] 8 Upendra Phuyal ADAPT-Nepal Knowledge Management Expert 9851071600 [email protected] 9 Dr. Chet Raj Upreti ADAPT-Nepal Livestock Expert 9841494856 [email protected] 10 Pashupati Koirala ASHA Project Coordinator 11 Shila Gyawali ASHA Planning Officer 9849852716 [email protected] 12 Engila Mishra ASHA Climate Change Specialist 9841184089 [email protected] 13 Surya Bishwokarma PANI Project GESI Specialist 9851081291 [email protected] 14 Pragati Sharma NCCSP CCO 9851159094 [email protected] 15 Januka Pathak DPR ASO 9847059013 [email protected] 16 Santa Maya Shrestha DoF Planning Officer 9845028588 [email protected] 17 Bala Ram Kandel MoFSC Under Secretary 9851187491 [email protected] 18 Yam Prasad Pudel DoA SPPO 9849534037 [email protected] 19 Draupadi Subedi ASHA GESI Specialist 9851125312 [email protected] 20 Ramesh Maskey ASHA Knowledge Management 9851152528 [email protected] Specialist 21 Arjun Dhakal ADAPT-Nepal Econmist 9851071365 [email protected] 22 Shyamu Thapa Magar ADAPT-Nepal GESI Expert 9841460784 23 Pem Kandel MoFSC Joint Secretary 9860139194 24 Radha Wagle MoFSC Joint Secretary 9863603902 [email protected] 25 Bal Krishna Prasai ADAPT-Nepal Managing Director 9851088417 26 Suman Acharya ASHA DCCS 9849015388 [email protected] 27 Binita Bhattarai MoPE Section Officer 9841284562 [email protected] 28 Kumud Shrestha ADAPT-Nepal TL/Forestry Expert [email protected] 29 Padam Adhikari ADAPT-Nepal Admin 9841350477 [email protected] 30 Sabina Maharjan ADAPT-Nepal Environment Officer [email protected] 31 Lila Adhikari MoFALD Under Secretary 9849094456
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List of Persons Consulted in Central Level 1. Dr. Biswanath Oli, Secretary, Ministry of Population and Environment. 2. Mr. Ramprasad Lamsal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Population and Environment. 3. Mr. Pem Narayan Kandel, Chief Planning Officer, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation 4. Mr. Krishna Prasad Acharya, DG, Department of Forests 5. Dr. Akhileswar Karna, DG, Department of Plant Resources 6. Mr. Bijayraj Paudel, DG, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management 7. Mr. Dhananjay Paudel, Chief Foreign Aid Coordination Division, MoFSC. 8. Dr. Maheswar Dhakal, Chief Environment Division, MoFSC. 9. Mr. Sanjib Rai, Joint Secretary Technical, Department of Plant Resources’ 10. Dr. Sindhu Prasad Dhungana, Joint Secretary technical, Chief, REDD Cell, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. 11. Ms. Rose Shrestha, Joint Secretary Technical, Gender Focal Point, Department of Plant Resources 12. Dr. Nirmala Joshi, Chief Biodiversity Section, Department of Plant Resources 13. Mr. Balram Kandel, Under Secretary, Planning Division, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation 14. Mr. Rambabu Paudel, Under Secretary Technical, Department of Forests 15. Mr. Prakash Thapa, Under Secretary technical, Chief Climate Change Section, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management. 16. Mr. Prakash Lamsal, Under Secretary level, Department of Forests 17. Mr. Amir Maharjan, Planning Officer, DNPWC 18. Mr. Mohan Kafle, Under Secretary Technical, Department of Forests 19. Mr. Ramhari Pantha, Under Secretary Technical, Ministry of Population and Environment 20. Dr. Ila Shrestha, Botanist, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuwan University. 21. Mr. Sahash Man Shrestha, Former DG, Department of Forest Research and Survey 22. Mr. Rajuram Parajuli, Botanist, Department of Plant Resource 23. Mr. Shyam P. Paudyal, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Livestck Development 24. Dr. Keshab P. Premi, , Joint Secretary, Ministry of Livestock Development 25. Dr. Bimal Kumar Nirmal, DG, Department of Livestock Service, Hariharbhawan,, Lalitpur. 26. Dr. Damayanti. Shrestha, Programme Director, Extension and Training Directorate, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur, 27. Mr. Jeeb lal Lamsal, Senior Livestock Development Officer, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur, 28. Dr. Chandra Dhakal, Senior Livestock Development Officer DLS, Hariharbhawan, 29. Dr. Siba K.C, Senior Livestock Development Officer, MOLD, Singhadurbar. 30. Dr. Sabita Pokhrel, Livestock Development Officer, DLS, Hariharbhawan
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Annex 8: Organizational Structure of Ministries and Departments Organizational structure of MoFSC Honorable Minister
Secretary
Planning Foreign Aid Environment Forest Monitoring Administration REDD and HRD Coordination Division Enterprise Division Division Forestry and CC Cell Division Division Division
EIA Section Program Periodic Plan Budget M&E Section Biodiversity Section Section
PolicySection Annual Plan M&E Section
Department Dept. of Dept. of Nat. Dept. of Dept. of Soil Regional of Forests Plant Parks and Forest Cons and Directorates 5 Resources Wildlife Research Watershed Mgt Cons xli
Organizational structure of MoAD Honorable Minister
Secretary
Administratio Monitoring, Food Security, Agri- Planning Policy & Foreign Agricultura nDivision Evaluation & Business Promotion & Division Aid Coordination lServices Statistic Division Environment Division
Division Budget & Agri. Policy Monitoring & Program research & Food & nutrition Administratio section analysis section Evaluation section security and section n Section
HRD section Agri Internal Foreign Business Promotion development Management program M&E section strategy section Section Agr. coordinations Board, Corporation, Cooperation ection Committee Council Agri management & non-Govt Act, Rule, M&E Section section coordination Bilateral Decision section funding & Implementation Agriculture Strategy Environment & climate foreign aid Division monitoring & change section Disaster mgmt coordinations ection Analysis Section section
Economic Agricultural GESI section Multilateral Administration Geographical foreign aid & Section information Section investmentcoor Agricultural Biodiversity dination section Agricultural section Statisticssection
International National Agriculture Seed Quality Control Business Department of Department of Food Technology Promotion section Agriculture Information&Comm Centre unication Centre Agriculture & Quality Control Research & Development xlii Development
Organizational structure of MoLD f Livestock Development
Honorable Minister
Secretary
Administration Planning, Monitoring Policy, Livestock Health Livestock Production Dairy Development Division & Evaluation Division & regulation Division & Business Promotion Corporation Division National Diary Development Board Budget & Livestock Nepal Livestock Administration Livestock Program Section Medical Council Section Health Services Production and Section Promotion Section
Monitoring & Livestock Services Department of Internal & Quality Control Evaluation Business and Market Livestock Services Management Section Section Promotion Section Section Statistics Regional Livestock Law & Services Directorate Decision Section Foreign Aid Biodiversity, Implementatio Coordination Section Environment and n Section Climate Change GESI & Human District Livestock Policy Analysis & Section Resources Services Office Economic Section Implementation Administration Section Section xliii
Organization Structre of Department of Forests
Director General
Planning & National Community Forests Monitoring Forest Forest Silviculture Division Division Division Division
Planning & Forest Community Forest Seed Budget Management Forestry Improvement Section Section Section Section
M&E Tree Section Forest Pro. Private For. Uti. Section Section Improvement Extension & Section Publicity Section Forest Cons. Forest Enter. GIS Section Section Section Statistics Section Silviculture Envt.Section Plantation Section Tec. Section
Policy Wildlife Con Urban F. & Formulation and Cor. Section Leasehold Pub. Dev. Coordination For. Section Section
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Organization Structure Department of Forest Research and Survey
Director General
Forest Research Division Forest Survey Division Deputy Director General (GI) Deputy Director General (GI)
Natural Forest RemoteRemote Section Sensing and Cartography Section (GII) Sensing and PlanningPlanning Plantation SectionSection Section Library Photogramerty Section (GII) Services Agroforestry Section Field station Tree Forest Inventory Section Improvement (GII) Section Adm & Account Section Soil Biometry Section (GII) Section
Socio-economic Utilization Section (GII) Section
Information Section
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Organization Structure Department of Plant Resources
Director General
Management and Dev. Division Research and Planning Division Deputy Director General (GI) Deputy Director General (GI) Utilization and Natural Piloting Biodiversity Section (GII) Resources Section (GII) Laboratory Management National and Extension
Biotechnology Section (GII) Herbarium Section (GII) and Plants Laboratory Publicity and Ext. Section (GII) Planning Section (GII) Royal Botanical Instrumentation Garden Section (GII)
Monitoring and Evaluation Section (GII) Biological Section (GII)
Training Section (GII) District Plant Central Garden
Resources Office Service Section
WildKailali Jumla Salyan Bank Makawanpur Dhanusa Illam e
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Organization Structure Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation
Director General
Research and Extension Division Planning and Management Division Deputy Director General (GI) Deputy Director General (GI)
Ecology Anti Poaching Section Section Planning Section (GII)
Conservation Education Admin
Section Management Section (GII) InformationSection Technology Account Section
Section Monitoring and Evaluation Section (GII)
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Annex 9: Human Resources in Ministries and Department Human Resources in MoFSC
S.N. Level Number
1 Special class 1
2 Gazetted class I 7
3 Gazetted class II 17
4 Gazetted class III 29
5 Non gazetted class I 18
Human Resources in Department of Forests
S.N. Level Number
1 Gazetted class I 5
2 Gazetted class II 19
3 Gazetted class III 24
4 Non gazetted class I xxx
Human Resources in DSCWM
S.N. Level Number
1 Gazetted class I 2
2 Gazetted class II 7
3 Gazetted class III 15
4 Non gazetted class I 9
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Human Resources in DFRS
S.N. Level Number
1 Gazetted class I 3
2 Gazetted class II 11
3 Gazetted class III 19
4 Non gazetted class I Xxx
Human Resources in DPR
S.N. Level Number 1 Gazetted class I 3 2 Gazetted class II 12 3 Gazetted class III 18 5 Non gazetted class I Xxx
Human Resources in DNPWC
S.N. Level Number 1 Gazetted class I 3 2 Gazetted class II 6 3 Gazetted class III 8 4 Non Gazetted class I 6
Human Resources in MoAD S.N. Division Number 1 Secretary (Special class) 1 2 Administration Division 38 3 Evaluation, monitoring and Statistics Division 21 4 Food Security, Agricultural Business Promotion and Environment Division 21 5 Planning Division 16 6 Policy and International Aid Coordination Division 13 7 Joint secretary pool 1 8 Others: 12 Total 126
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Human Resources in the Department of Agriculture and in the Offices under it
S.N. Level Number 1 Gazetted class I 3 2 Gazetted class II 12 2 Gazetted class III 19 4 Non gazetted class I 41 5 On contract 18 Total 93 Staffs in various Regional and District Offices under the Department, 186
The technical, administrative and support staff (positions) of the DLS
SN Name of the Posts Level Number Total approved posted 1 Director General Gazetted Class 1 1 2 DDG Gazetted Class 1 2 3 Regional Director Gazetted Class 1 5 4 Program Director Gazetted Class 1 4 5 Chief Livestock Devt Officer Gazetted Class 1 2 6 Chief Veteronary Officer Gazetted Class 1 4 7 Senior Vet. Offucer Gazetted Class 2 42 8 Senior Liv, Devt Officer Gazetted Class 2 31 9 Senior Aric Economist Gazetted Class 2 2 10 Livestock Devt Officer Gazetted Class 3 101 11 Veterinary Officer Gazetted Class 3 136 12 Agri. Economics Gazetted Class 3 7 13 Technician (Livestock Service) NZ Class 1 251 14 Technician (Veterinary Service) NZ Class 1 324 15 Technical Asst NZ Class 1 2 16 Camara man NZ Class 1 2 17 Mechanical Assistant NZ Class 1 1 18 Electrician (Asst) NZ Class 1 1 19 JT ( Livestock Service NZ Class 2 485 20 JT (Animal Health) NZ Class 2 678 21 Field Asst (Livestock) NZ Class 3 15 22 Field Asst (Veterinary) NZ Class 3 127 23 Field Asst (Livestock) NZ Class 4 26 24 Field Asst (Veterinary) NZ Class 4 11 25 Technical 2260 26 Administrative 1790 Total (25+26) 4050
Note: The number of posts have been are revised recently and will be more revided with the new structure
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Human Resources in DLSO
SN Name of the Posts Level Number Total Remarks approved posted 1 Veterinary Officer Gazetted Class 2 1 A senior will head the DLS 2 Livestock Development Officer Gazetted Class 3 1 3 Veterinary Officer Gazetted Class 3 1 4 Livestock Service Technician Non- Gazetted 1 3 5 Vet. Service Technicine Non- Gazetted 1 4 6 JT (Livestock Service) Non- Gazetted 2 5 7 JT (Vet Service) Non- Gazetted 2 11 8 Field Assistant (Vet) Non- Gazetted 3 1 9 Kharidar (Admin) Non- Gazetted 2 1 10 Accountant Non- Gazetted 2 1 11 Office Assistant Sreni Bihin 20 49 Note: This is the sample of the post of DLSO in the hill districts
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Annex 10: Major communication media in the project districts TV sf7df08f}df b]lvg] Rofgnx¿ :ju{åf/L l6le
FM /]l8of] r+v]nL vn+uf gofF s0ff{nL k~rtf/f o'jf ;+/If0f d~r dflnsf r'ln dflnsf g]kfnL cfjfh gofF s0ff{nL ;Nofg /]l8of] hnhnf /fklt /]l8of] /f]Nkf Zf/bf /]l8of] sk'/sf]6 ;fgf]e]/L txNsf /]l8of] ;fgLe]/L dfG8jL pQ/ u+uf ;+rf/ s]Gb| dlxnf cfjfh /]l8of] l;:g] /]l8of] Ko'7fg w'jtf/f ;fd'bflos PkmPd :ju{åf/L k~rsf]zL ;fd'bflos PkmPd ln:g] cfjfh Hjfnf PkmPd c;n zf;g, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, hfh/sf]6 8'Nn' PkmPd
News Paper ld;g Go'h – ;fKtflxs xfd|f] Ps6f cleef/f – ;fKtflxs o'ujf]w s0ff{nL va/ – ;fKtflxs uf]/If dfG8jL xfd|f] t];|f] cfFvf ln:g] hg ;+rf/ kl/jt{g–b}lgs ld;g Go'h – ;fKtflxs wdfsf
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Annex 11: CCA related activities of NGOs S. N. Name of NGO Brief Activities Location 1 PAS Nepal 1 Improved cooking Stove Salyan 2 Agriculture and food security program 2 PoSD Nepal( Samajik Sustainable transformation of agriculture for the Salyan Bikash ka lagi Jana Ekta livelihood of subsistent farmers Nepal) 3 Samajik Bikashtatha 1) Facilitating construction of Biogas plant Salyan Vatawaran Samrakhchyan 2) Facilitating solar installation sangh 3) Tree plantation 4) Improved cooking stove 4 CEAPRED/BMZ/WHH 1) Increase in crop production through farm diversification, integrated resource management and design of appropriate farms 5 DDS 1) Natural hazard rescue and control Salyan 2) Natural resource management 6 RRN 1) Small irrigation Salyan 2) Integrated sustainable agriculture 3) Training for lead farmers on integrated agriculture system 4) Promotion of organic manure 7 WOREC 1) Distribution of fruit saplings Salyan 2) River conservation campaign 3) Agriculture fair 4) Household survey and analysis of status of climate change 5) Support plastic tunnel distribution 8 UNFPA Safe motherhood, School focused reproductive health, Overall in district Reduction of child marriage, Reduction of gender violation. 9 DEPROS, Nepal Drinking water and sanitation Jhula and Aathbiskot of Rukum 10 HURPLES Programs for conflict affected communities 11 gaunpalika of Rukum
11 MIK Nepal Improved cookstoves, drinking water, micro hydro, Rangsi improved water turbine, Nursery support, Radio program on CC and disaster management, micro irrigation, improved seeds. 12 HUREDCARS Income generation to backward communities 13 Nepal Jagaran Manch Post natal support and counseling for improved mental health 14 UMN Climate change awareness, climate smart technologies 15 Rukumeli Samaj Kendra Water sanitation Plan 8 Remote rural from SNV municipalities of Rukum 16 Rukum Social Disaster risk reduction and early warning through hydro Development Centre from metrological stations Pahal 17 USAID Adoption of advance technologies at farmer level for Salyan improved and sustainable agriculture production
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Annex 12: Pictorial highlights of field visit
Interaction with the official of District Development Mixed farming affected with drought Committee of Dailekh District
Figure 3. Protecting sick kids from cold at Salyan taking Figure 4. Getting information at DLS, to DLS for treatment due to Pneumonia Rukum
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Special Thanks
This document has been prepared and submitted by Association for Development of Environment and People in Transition – Nepal (ADAPT-Nepal)
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